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Republic of the Sudan
Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources (HCENR)
Wildlife Conservation General Administration (WCGA)
UNDP/GEF Project SUD/98/G41
and SUD 00/014
MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR DINDER
NATIONAL PARK
SUDAN
Khartoum
Khartoum Sudan 2004
MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR DINDER NATIONAL PARK SUDAN 2004
Sudanese task team members:
Prof. Gelal Eldin Eltayeb University of Khartoum
Prof. Asim El Moghraby SECS
Dr. Salwa Mansour Abdelhameed Director of Wildlife Research Centre
Col. Abdel Hafiz Osman Eljack DNP, HCENR / WCGA
Dr. Mutasim Bashir Nimir DNP, HCENR
Mr. Fraser Tong Knotwel University of Juba
Col. Khamis Adieng Ding Wildlife Force (WCGA)
Adil Mohammed Ali DNP, HCENR
UNDP consultant:
Prof. W. van Hoven
Center for Wildlife Management,
University of Pretoria, South Africa
vanhoven@ecolife.co.za
Acknowledgements:
The consultant of the project wishes to extend sincere thanks to all the members of the
taskteam , the UNDP, HCENR, WCGA, The Center for Wildlife Management,
University of Pretoria and the Tropical Game Commission of the CIC.
HCENR WCGA
Khartoum Khartoum
P.O.Box10488 P O Box 336 Khartoum
Sudan Sudan
Telephone: 781479-784279 Telephone: 281171-281174
Fax:787-617 E-mail:sudan/wildlife@yahoo.com
E-mail hcenr@sudanmail.net
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MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR DINDER NATIONAL PARK SUDAN 2004
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
A. Sudan Overview 2
A.1.Population 2
A.2 Economy 2
A.3 National Strategy and Policy 4
A.4 Climate 5
A.5 Geomorphology 9
A.6: Soils 13
A.6.1. Desert Soils 15
A.6.2 Semi-Arid Soils 15
A.6.3 Lateritic Soils 15
A.6.4 Alluvial Soils 16
A.6.5 Aeolian Soils 16
A.7 Natural Vegetation 17
A.8 Sudan Wildlife 18
A.8.1 Resources and Laws 18
A.8.2 Conservation Status in the Protected Areas 18
B. Dinder National Park 24
B.1 Introduction 24
B.1.1 Location 25
B.1.2 Topography 25
B.1.3 Climate 27
B.1.4. History and Archaeology 27
B.1.5 Soils 29
B.1.6 Water Resources 29
B.1.7 Habitats and Ecosystems 34
B.2 The Importance of the Park 39
B.3 Human Settlements 46
B.3.1 Indigenous Community 46
B.3.2 Socio-Cultural and Demographic Setting 47
B.3.3 Kujur (Myth) 47
B.3.4 Land Use and Systems of Production 49
B.3.5 Livestock 49
B.3.6 Impact on Natural Resources by Magano Population 50
B.3.6.1 Hunting Activities 50
B.3.6.2 Energy 50
B.3.6.3 Grazing of Livestock 50
B.3.6.4 Fire and Trees Felling 50
B.3.6.5 Dom Palm Leaves 51
B.4 Human Settlement Around the Park 51
B.4.1 Pastoralists – Nomadic Groups 52
B.4.2 Land-use (Agriculture-Livestock) 52
B.5 Problems and Threats to the Ecosystems and Biodiversity 54
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MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR DINDER NATIONAL PARK SUDAN 2004
B.5.1 Mechanized and Traditional Rain-fed Farming 54
B.5.2 Hunting and Poaching 54
B.5.3 Fishing 58
B.5.4 Honey Collection 58
B.5.5 Tree-felling and Wood Collection 58
B.5.6 Non – Wood Products 59
B.5.7 Livestock Trespassing 59
B.5.8 Fires 60
B.6 MANAGEMENT STATUS 60
B.6.1 Administration and Other Related Governmental Issues 61
B.6.2 Personnel 61
B.6.3 The Existing Infrastructure and Facilities 61
B.6.4 The Finance 61
B.7 The Legislative Framework (Law enforcement) 62
B.8 Dinder National Park GEF Project Achievements and Limitations 64
C. The Management Plan 67
C.1. Planning Philosophy and Approach 67
C.2 The Plan Objectives 68
C.3 Planning method 69
C.4 The plan endorsement 69
C.5 Zonation 69
C.5.1 The Core Zone (A) 69
C.5.2 The Buffer Zone (B) 70
C.5.3 The Transitional Zone (C) 71
C.5.4 The Transfrontier or Peace Park Zone (D) 72
C.6 Management Programs and Actions 72
C.6.1. Protection and Conservation 72
C.6.2 The Headquarters Buildings and Facilities 75
C.6.3 Patrolling System and Camel Patrols 77
C.6.4 Law Enforcement Anti-Poaching Unit 77
C.6.5 Communication System 77
C.7 Habitat and Wildlife Management 78
C.7.1 Management of Natural Ecosystems 78
C.7.2 Management of over-abundant population 79
C.7.3 Meteorological and hydrological Records 80
C.7.4 Mayas and Pools Management 80
C.7.5 Removal of Invaders 82
C.7.6 Fire Management 83
C.7.7 Range Improvement 84
C.7.8 Re-seeding and Reforestation Programs 85
C.7.9 Watershed Management 85
C.7.10 Wild Animals Inventory and Monitoring 86
C.7.11 Bird Monitoring 87
C.7.12 Management of Rare and Endangered Animals 87
C.7.13 Wildlife ranching and utilization 88
C.7.14 Sites of Special Consideration 88
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MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR DINDER NATIONAL PARK SUDAN 2004
C.8 Administration 88
C.9 The Proposed Park Administrative Structure 89
C.10 Vehicles and Equipment 90
C.11 Training 91
C.12 Camp Sites and Signposts 92
C.13 Public Relations, Education and Interpretation 92
C.13.1 Public Relations 92
C.13.2 Honesty and Truth in Deed and Statement 93
C.13.3 Good Public Relations is a Prerequisite of Success 93
C.13.4 Public Opinion is based on Culture and Environment 93
C.13.5 Adequate Communication 93
C.13.6 Tools in Public Relations 94
C.13.7 Education 95
C.14 Socio-Economic Development 96
C.14.1. Awareness and Community Development Activities 96
C.14.2. Sustainable Use Natural Resources 97
C.15 Research and Monitoring 98
C.15.1 Institutional Linkages and coordination 99
C.15.2 Monitoring Programmes 99
C.15.3 Basic studies programmes 101
C.15.4 Post – graduate studies 102
C.15.5 Documentation and dissemination activities 102
D. Five-Years Management Work Plan 102
D.1 Specific Activities in Specific Zones 102
D.1.1 Habitat Management 102
D.1.2. Firebreaks 103
D.1.3. Improvement of Wetlands Management 103
D.2. Adaptive management and Evaluation 104
D.3. Consultation and coordination 104
D.3.1 Public Relations Unit 104
D.3.2 Council of Park Stakeholders 104
D.3.3 National Body 104
D.4. Community-Based activities 105
D.4.1 The activities and projects may include 105
D.4.2 Proposed Community-based Programmes 105
Bibliography 116
Appendix 1 126
Appendix 2 130
Appendix 3 131
Appendix 4 136
Appendix 5 138
Appendix 6 144
Appendix 7 148
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MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR DINDER NATIONAL PARK SUDAN 2004
List of figures
Fig. 1a. Mean annual rainfall(mm) in Sudan 7
Fig. 1b. Precipitation and evapotranspiration figures for Sudan 6
Fig. 2The geology of Sudan a 10
Fig. 2a Relief forms of Sudan 12
Fig. 3. The Soils of Sudan 14
Fig. 4. The Natural vegetation in Sudan 17
Fig. 5. The game reserves and national parks in Sudan 20
Fig. 6. Location map of Dinder National Park 24
Fig. 7. The drainage system of the DNP 32
Fig. 8. Migratory patterns of wildlife in DNP during the wet season 38
Fig. 9. Management zoning in DNP 70
Fig. 10. Map indicating proposal of four blocks 76
Fig. 11. Schematic presentation of revitalizing Mayat Abdel Ghani 82
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MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR DINDER NATIONAL PARK SUDAN 2004
List of Tables
Table 1. Export of animals and animal products 3
Table 2. Climatic zones in Sudan 8
Table 3. Distribution of Protected Areas over Ecological Zone 19
Table 4. List of Sudan National Parks 21
Table 5. List of Sudan Game Sanctuaries 21
Table 6. List of Sudan Game Reserves 21
Table 7. Proposed protected areas in the Sudan 21
Table 8. Mean annual rainfall in Damazine, Gedaref and Dinder 26
Table 9. Summary of climatic characteristics in DNP 27
Table 10. Flow data of the Dinder and Rahad Rivers 30
Table 11. Road counts of wild animals in DNP, June 2002 42
Table 12. Counts of wild animals at pools in DNP, June 2002 43
Table 13. Estimated wildlife numbers in DNP 44
Table 14. Road counts of wild animals in DNP, May 2001 45
Table 15 Livestock ownership among the Magano population 49
Table 16. Crop statistics of the 2000 season 53
Table 17. Agricultural land and household owners 2001 53
Table 18a. Number of law violations committed by Rahad
villagers in DNP 55
Table 18b.Illigal activities since 1990 65
Table 19. Wild plants and fruits used as medication 59
Table 20. The training status of the officers 61
Table 21. Wildlife personnel training 66
Table 22. Local people training 66
Table 23. Five year action plan, US$ budget 112
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