Asian_Immigration

							                Asian Immigration and Settlement
      Exclusion: A Contradiction of Democracy


Western (Anglo-European) Mercantilism
 - early contacts with “The Orient” and the European Renaissance
 - global trade, competition

  Colonialism
   - conquest by trade, sword and cross
   - economic, political, cultural effects in Asia
   - stimulus for emigration

American Colonialism, Imperialism and Neocolonialism
  - free market theory, Capitalism
  - Marxist/Socialist theory
  - “Manifest Destiny” and US imperial expansion
       - Texas, California and the West
       - Spanish American War
       - Philippine American War
                     Asian Immigration and Settlement
           Exclusion: A Contradiction of Democracy
-   Pre-immigration distinguished from Immigration

-   Settlement and Continuing Exclusion
-     - race, racialization and racism: all black-and-white?
-      - antimiscegenation laws
-      - segregation: California state public and private schools
-      - alien residence, “Orientalism” and citizenship
-      - plenary powers of federal government and national sovereignty

-   Before the Gold Rush: Loni Ding’s “Coolies, Sailors and Settlers”
-       - labor acquisition/recruitment
-       - Foreign Miners’ License Law (1850)
-       - People v. Hall (1854)
-
-   Aftermath of the American Civil War (1861-1865)
-      - 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments
-        - an end to slavery
-        - federal standard of due process enforced on states
-        - equal protection
-        - coolieism and the 13th Amendment
                       Asian Immigration and Settlement
            Exclusion: A Contradiction of Democracy
-   1879 California Constitution and
    “Sojourner” Chinese

-   First Exclusion Act, 1882

-   Alien Land Laws

►   Immigrant Act of 1924
      “Oriental Exclusion Act”

►   World War II
      Concentration Camp USA
      due process issues
      Partial Reversal of Oriental
       Exclusion, 1953
           - Chinese and Filipinos

►   Post-World War II veterans benefits,
    democratic effects
        GI Bill
        Race and Class-blind access to
                    Asian Immigration and Settlement
          Exclusion: A Contradiction of Democracy
-   1879 California Constitution and
    “Sojourner” Chinese

-   First Exclusion Act, 1882

-   Alien Land Laws

►   Immigrant Act of 1924
      “Oriental Exclusion Act”

►   World War II
      Concentration Camp USA
      due process issues
      Partial Reversal of Oriental
       Exclusion, 1953
         - Chinese and Filipinos
                  Asian Immigration and Settlement
          Exclusion: A Contradiction of Democracy
►   Post-World War II veterans benefits, democratic effects
      GI Bill
      Race and Class-blind access to education, employment, housing

► “Cold War”
    US as “World Policeman”
    Anti-Communism as US domestic and foreign policy
    “Orientals” as Suspects
► Post World War II Economic Expansion
    “space race”
    US demand for technical professionals

► Civil Rights Movement
    Social justice
    Economic and political access
    Jewish Americans as “model minority”
► “Oriental” as Model Minority
            Asian Immigration and Settlement
     Exclusion: A Contradiction of Democracy

Vietnam Another Oriental enemy
   A Nation divided
   political polarization

The Warren Court and Liberalization of the Bill of Rights

1964 Civil Rights Act
1965 Immigration Reform Act

Johnson Administration Policy: “War on Poverty”
  Equal protection and Affirmative Action
  Race, class and gender as “suspect categories”