Age of Exploration PNW Age of Exploration Spain Extends

							PNW: Age of Exploration
Spain Extends Its Claims
              • Juan Perez – 1774
                sent to investigate
                rumors of Russians
                claiming NW coast
              • North to 58°N
              • Two silver spoons
                – marked the
                Spanish claim
More Spanish Ships
         • 1775, Bruno de
           Hezeta (Heceta)
           lands at Grenville Bay
           to perform official land
           claim ritual.
         • Crew ambushed &
           killed (Quinault)
         • Mouth of Columbia
           sighted but not
           entered
       Challenges for Explorers
• Position – longitude
• Unknown coastal waters
• Unfriendly natives

• Scurvy: Patients who
  subsist on diets devoid of
  fresh fruits and
  vegetables are
  vulnerable.
• Sailors known as “limeys”
England Gets Into the Game
     Captain James Cook 1778 – Nootka Sound
              Juan de Fuca
• Apostolos Valerianos,
  tale of the NW
  Passage
• Charles Barkley and
  wife mark the
  waterway with his
  name (1787)
• First European
  woman in the PNW
  Nootka, first English trading post
• 1788 John Meares,
  retired British
  commander
• Trading post, first ship
  built on the PNW
• Brought Chinese in as
  cheap labor
• Seized by the
  Spanish
 Nootka Controversy
Nootka Sound   • Ships & crew taken to
                 Mexico

               • International incident

               • 42°N, border of
                 northern CA, limit of
                 Spanish claims
George Vancouver - 1792
            • 2nd & 3rd Cook
              Voyages
            • Explored inland thru
              the Strait of Juan de
              Fuca
            • Lt Peter Puget, Puget
              Sound
              The Russians
• 1728 Vitus Bering
• Sent by Czar Peter
  the Great – extent of
  Russian lands?
• 1799 Russian-
  American Company
  at Sitka
• 1812 Fort Ross, CA
Trade
        • Sea otter
          pelts
        • $$$ in China
        • One pelt
          worth 1 yr’s
          pay for
          average
          sailor
        • Capt Cook
          1st to exploit
USA – Capt. Robert Gray

            • 1792 Gray sails into
              the mouth of the
              Columbia River

            • Claims all lands that
              drain into the river for
              USA