A Breakthrough in Lung Cancer Screening

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							Report
                                                                                                           In This Issue:
                             ST. JOSepH MeDICAL                                                            Chronic Hip Pain: Referrals and Remedies ..............2
                                                                                                           CHD Risk Factors and Treatment
                                                                                                           Recommendations Unique to Women ......................3
                                                                                                           Breast Cancer Prevention Using
                                                                                                           Raloxifene and Tamoxifen ...........................................4
                                                                                                           Management of Thyroid Disease ...............................5
                                                                                                           Referring Patients for Bariatric Surgery...................6
                                                                                                           In The News ...................................................................7
                                                                                                           Educational Opportunities..........................................8

Winter/Spring 2011                                 By Physicians for Physicians



A Breakthrough in Lung Cancer Screening
                             This past November, the National Cancer             	 Benign	nodule	(i.e.,	granuloma	with	no	further	work-up)
                             Institute (NCI) halted the National Lung            	 Indeterminate	nodules	(follow	with	serial	CT	scans	every	six		
                             Screening Trial (NLST) early to release            	 to	12	months	for	two	years)
                             a profoundly favorable outcome. We now              	 Highly	suspicious	nodules	(consider	for	surgical	resection		
                             have definitive data on how to best reduce a       	 or	biopsy)
                             person’s chances of dying from lung cancer,
                                                                                Cases are discussed at our weekly Thoracic Oncology Tumor
                             which is the number one cancer killer in the
                                                                                Board and are reviewed by our radiologists, thoracic surgeons,
      Dan Vu, MD             U.S., claiming more lives than breast, prostate,
Cardiothoracic Radiologist                                                      pulmonologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists and
       Orange, CA            colon, liver and kidney cancers combined.
                                                                                pathologist. The Tumor Board then renders its recommenda-
The NLST was a well-designed, randomized study comparing                        tions to the patient’s referring physician. Careful evaluation of
effectiveness of low-dose helical CT vs. standard chest X-ray on                lung nodules detected by CT screening led to cancer findings
lung cancer mortality rates in 53,000 asymptomatic current or                   in all surgeries performed. Best of all, more than 80% of lung
former heavy smokers from 33 academic institutions. The end                     cancers were detected in the earliest stages and the majority of
point of the study was death, eliminating lead time bias. Partici-              patients are cured. Nationally, just 16.4% of lung cancer cases are
pants receiving low-dose helical CT scans had a prodigious 20%                  discovered in an early, localized stage.
lower risk of dying from lung cancer than participants receiving
                                                                                This stage shift is critical. The national five-year survival rate for
standard chest X-rays.
                                                                                localized lung cancer is 80%, compared to less than 5% for lung
At St. Joseph Hospital we have offered a low-dose helical CT                    cancers which have spread. Given these facts, all patients meet-
screening program since 2004, and we are elated with NLST                       ing the above screening criteria should be considered for referral
findings confirming our own findings from screening close to                    to CT screening as well as a smoking cessation program such as
600 patients. St. Joseph Hospital has a successful lung cancer                  the one St. Joseph Hospital offers.
screening program due to strict criteria:

	 50	years	of	age	or	older
	 Current	or	former	smokers	                                                       Case Study
	 High	quality	study	(performed	on	a	64-slice	helical	CT	scanner)
                                                                                   A	64-year-old	female	smoker	was	referred	by	her	primary	care	
	 Accurate	radiologist	interpretation                                              physician	for	CT	lung	screening.	The	original	screening	CT	found	
	 Low	dose	CT	technique	(our	screening	CT	radiation	dose	is		                      a	2.1mm	non-calcified	lung	nodule	and	a	one-year	follow-up	scan	
	 lower	than	that	used	in	the	NLST,	with	a	radiation	dose	1/5		                    was	 recommended.	 A	 repeat	 scan	 14	 months	 later	 showed	 the	
	 of	a	standard	chest	CT)                                                          nodule	increased	to	5mm,	and	the	patient	was	referred	to	a	thoracic	
                                                                                   surgeon.	 Since	 the	 nodule	 was	 too	 small,	 the	 surgeon	 recom-
	 Multi-specialty	review	of	all	possible	causes
                                                                                   mended	a	repeat	CT	and	she	was	re-scanned	in	four	months.	The	
	 Low	cost	($125,	currently	not	reimbursed	by	insurances)
                                                                                   nodule	grew	to	6.65mm.	The	patient	underwent	surgical	resection,	
                                                                                   was	found	to	have	Stage	IA	lung	cancer	and	was	cured.
As with any screening program false positives are a concern,
and many patients do have benign lung nodules. We carefully
analyze all nodules and place them into three categories:



sjo.org/medicalreport
Orthopedic Report

Chronic Hip Pain:                                                                   Case Study
Referrals and Remedies                                                              A	 17-year-old	 high	 school	 basketball	 player	 was	 referred	 to	 my	
                                                                                    office	 with	 progressive	 left	 hip	 pain	 localized	 to	 the	 groin	 area.	
                                                                                    Over	the	years	she	had	intermittent,	mild	symptoms.	In	a	recent	
                        When a patient presents with the nonspecific
                                                                                    BMX	 bike	 accident	 she	 landed	 on	 her	 left	 hip.	 Her	 brother	 has	 a	
                        complaint of hip pain, several etiologies may be            history	 of	 developmental	 dysplasia	 of	 the	 hip.	 She	 described	
                        to blame. Common non-traumatic causes range                 popping	 and	 catching	 sensations	 in	 her	 hip	 with	 certain	 move-
                        from bursitis to arthritis, tendonitis, labral tears        ments.	The	patient	had	not	had	any	physical	therapy,	medications	
                        and osteonecrosis. Not uncommonly, patients                 or	cortisone	injections	for	pain.	Examination	revealed	normal	gait	
                                                                                    pattern.	There	was	pain	with	abduction	and	external	rotation	of	her	
                        with osteoarthritis in the lumbar spine (L2-3)
                                                                                    hip	and	significant	pain	on	resisted	hip	flexion.	Bone	architecture	
                        may have pain referred to the hip.
                                                                                    appeared	normal	on	X-ray.	Clinical	evaluation	included	evidence	of	
     Ayaz Biviji, MD                                                                likely	 left	 iliopsoas	 tendonitis	 with	 associated	 snapping	 hip	
   Orthopedic Surgeon  To assist in discovery of the underlying cause,
      Orange, CA                                                                    syndrome,	and	differential	diagnosis	of	an	anterior	labral	tear.	MR	
                       I recommend that the physician order weight-                 arthrogram	revealed	normal	labrum	and	strain	of	the	musculoten-
bearing X-rays to appreciate the extent and subtleties of the condition             dinous	junction.	Radiology	provided	a	sheath	injection	which	gave	
or to rule out arthritis. Although some patients will request MRI                   temporary	relief	and	confirmed	the	source	of	pain.	With	continued	
perceiving that it is superior to X-ray, these images may not be helpful            symptoms,	 the	 patient	 was	 referred	 to	 physical	 therapy	 for	 hip	
for issues such as arthritis and may not be necessary. Also, there are              flexor	stretching;	however,	symptoms	persisted.	She	underwent	
                                                                                    hip	arthroscopy	with	a	rapid	recovery	and	successful	outcome.
certain conditions for which an MR arthrogram is more useful than
a standard MRI. If considering an MRI, I suggest referring to an
orthopaedic specialist to determine the best imaging studies.
                                                                                                                            insidious or
Based on diagnostic results, most primary care doctors formulate a                                                       spontaneous onset

plan that for the majority of diagnoses begins with conservative,                 Systemic	symptoms		                  Age	>65;	limited,	painful	           Anterior Hip
                                                                               ("red	flags")	or	history	of	               range	of	motion;	or		
progressive therapeutic measures:                                                inflammatory	arthritis               history	of	cancer.	trauma.	           Pain Algorithm
                                                                                                                        corticosteroid	use,	or	
                                                                                                                            alcohol	abuse
 	 Anti-inflammatories	
                                                                               Order	CBC,	ESR,	or	CRP;	
 	 Corticosteroids	                                                            consider	arthrocentesis	
                                                                                  and	appropriate		                       Order	x-ray	study                        Osteoarthritis
 	 Low	impact	exercise	                                                            imaging	study
 	 Physical	therapy	
                                                                                    inflammatory or                                                              NSAIDs,	analgesics,		
                                                                                                                         Avascular necrosis,
                                                                                  infectious arthritis,
If pain is unresolved after six weeks, a referral should be made to an                osteomyelitis
                                                                                                                          tumor, or fracture                    activity	modification,	
                                                                                                                                                             physical	therapy,	walking	
orthopaedic specialist.                                                                                                                                           support,	consider		
                                                                                                                                                              intra-auricular	injection		
                                                                                  Initiate	referral	and		                                                        or	specialty	referral
                                                                                 appropriate	treatment
Patients referred to an orthopaedic surgeon’s office sometimes
assume that a hip replacement procedure is inevitable. Traditional hip                                                       Overuse or
                                                                                                                        sports-related injury
replacement has been an effective mainstay of surgical intervention,
and newer materials have improved implant durability. At the same                Clicking	or	snapping	of	                Suspected	stress                       Pain	with	resisted		
                                                                                         hip	joint                     fractures	(athletes	or		                 muscle	testing,	and		
time, however, the advent of hip arthroscopy has benefited a number                                                  those	with	osteoporosis)                   muscle	tenderness
of younger patients in my practice with labral tears, early stage
                                                                                   Thomas	test	and		                                                         Hip flexor muscle strain/
arthritis or femoroacetabular impingement. Hip resurfacing has been             snapping	hip	maneuver
                                                                                                                                  MRI
                                                                                                                                                                     tendonitis

an effective alternative to hip replacement in select cases, particularly
in my younger patients seeking to continue a very active lifestyle                                                        stress fracture
                                                                                                                      confirmed:	non-weight-
                                                                                                                                                              Activity	modification,	
                                                                                                                                                            physical	therapy,	consider	
                                                                                 lliopsoas           Labral
including higher impact activities.                                               bursitis            tear                bearing	status
                                                                                                                        for	patient,	referral
                                                                                                                                                                MRI	or	referral	if		
                                                                                                                                                                 treatment	fails


With viable, long-term options to alleviate suffering and restore               Activity	modification,	
                                                                                                                 buRsiTis
                                                                                                                         Consider	bursal	injection	
                                                                                                                                                                Consider	diagnostic		
                                                                                                                                                              intra-articular	injection,	
function, it is no longer advisable for patients to “wait as long as they      physical	therapy,	NSAIDs                    or	surgical	referral                 MRI	arthography,	or	
                                                                                                TEAR
                                                                                                                                                                       referral
can stand the pain.”
                                                                               CBC,	complete	blood	count;	ESR,	erythrocyte	sedimentation	rate;	CRP,	C-reactive	protein;	Thomas	Test:		
                                                                               the	contralateral	hip	is	flexed	and	the	symptomatic	hip	is	moved	from	full	flexion	to	full	extension.		
                                                                               A	deep	click	palpated	may	indicate	a	labral	tear.	Source:	The	Journal	of	Family	Practice,	August	2003




 2 | St. Joseph Medical Report
Cardiology Report

CHD Risk Factors and Treatment Recommendations
Unique to Women
                       Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) claims more                    statin and antiplatelet therapy and less revascularization, and
                       lives in women than all other causes of death               later suffer higher morbidity and mortality.
                       combined. Despite overall decline in mortality
                                                                                   Many women present with nonspecific ST changes on their ECG
                       rates for coronary heart disease (CHD) over
                                                                                   and report no regular physical activity, making the exercise
                       the past decade, the gender gap in mortality
                                                                                   treadmill test less optimal for them. With abnormal ECG, either
                       continues to widen. Manifestation of CHD
                                                                                   myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography can be
                       is about 10 years later for women than men
                                                                                   used to assess ischemia. Pharmacologic testing is appropriate for
  Shalizeh Shookoh, MD
       Cardiologist
                       and myocardial infarction (MI) is about 20
                                                                                   women who cannot exercise or present with left bundle branch
       Orange, CA      years later, explaining women’s greater life
                                                                                   block. Evaluation of coronary artery calcification (CAC) should
                       expectancy. However, the consequences of
                                                                                   be reserved for women with intermediate risk and atypical or no
premature coronary disease are worse in women. Therefore, it
                                                                                   symptoms.
is crucial to risk stratify and treat women with coronary risk
factors as aggressively as is done for men.                                        In treating women’s risk factors, these recommendations
Some cardiac risk factors have a higher impact on women,                           should be considered:
                                                                                     	 Menopausal	hormone	therapy	for	cardioprotection	is	a		
such as:
                                                                                   	 class	III	recommendation	(not	useful/possibly	harmful)	by		
	 Diabetes	with	CHD	risk	increasing	three-	to	seven-fold		                         	 the	2007	Evidence-Based	Guidelines	for	Cardiovascular		
	 compared	to	non-diabetic	women                                                   	 Disease	Prevention	in	Women.
 	 Smoking,	putting	women	at	risk	for	MI	19	years	earlier	than		                    	 Antioxidant	vitamins	and	folic	acid	with	or	without	vitamin	B6	
                                                                                                                                                    	
	 their	nonsmoking	counterparts                                                    	 and	B12	supplementation	are	class	III	recommendations.
 	 Low	HDL	and	high	triglycerides	being	stronger	risk	factors	in		                  	 Low–dose	aspirin	is	recommended	in	women	younger	than		
	 65+	women	compared	to	same-age	men.                                              	 65	if	there	is	benefit	for	ischemic	stroke	prevention,	and		

There are also gender differences in symptoms and presentation.                    	 women	65	and	older	if	blood	pressure	is	controlled.	In	both		

Although chest pain remains the most common presentation                           	 cases,	the	benefit	has	to	outweigh	the	risks	of	GI	bleeding		

of CHD in women, these patients can present with shortness                         	 and	hemorrhagic	stroke.	Aspirin	is	recommended	in	high-risk		

of breath, GERD symptoms and unusual fatigue. More women                           	 women	regardless	of	age.		
                                                                                    	 Diabetic	women	with	blood	pressure	higher	than	130/80mm	Hg	
                                                                                                                                                	
present with angina than MI and sudden death, which are seen
more in men. At the time of their presentation of angina, women                    	 should	be	treated	with	appropriate	antihypertensives.
                                                                                    	 LDL	goals	for	diabetic	women	are	<100	mg/dl	or,	if	possible,		
tend to be older, afflicted with diabetes, hypertension and/or
heart failure. Women usually receive less diagnostic testing, less                 	 <70	mg/dl	in	very	high-risk	patients.




     Case Study
     A	 67-year-old,	 active	 woman	 presented	 to	       back	if	symptoms	recurred.	Less	than	a	year	         lesion	in	the	proximal	left	anterior	descending	
     the	office	following	chest	burning	and	nausea	       later,	 her	 concerned	 internist	 referred	 her	    artery	 that	 was	 treated	 with	 a	 drug-eluting	
     that	 had	 happened	 twice	 while	 resting.	     	   back	to	the	office	after	a	third	episode	while	      stent.		
     Episodes	 lasted	 5-10	 minutes.	 The	 patient	      standing	in	a	line.		This	time,	she	also	report-
     attributed	 her	 symptoms	 to	 indigestion	 as	      ed	 shortness	 of	 breath	 with	 burning	 that	      This	case	emphasizes	how	women	can	present	
     both	 episodes	 occurred	 after	 having	 a	 spe-     spread	 in	 her	 chest.	 Her	 risk	 factors	 were	   differently	 and	 have	 normal	 tests	 despite	
     cific	medication	and	coffee.	She	underwent	          age	 and	 hyperlipidemia.	 	 Due	 to	 her	 persis-   presence	of	CHD.
     a	 stress	 echocardiography,	 which	 did	 not	       tent	symptoms	she	was	referred	for	coronary	
     show	 any	 ischemia	 and	 was	 told	 to	 report	     angiography.	The	procedure	revealed	a	tight	




sjo.org/medicalreport
Breast Cancer Report

Breast Cancer Prevention Using Raloxifene and Tamoxifen
                              In women with increased risk for breast                Important details:
                              cancer, tamoxifen and raloxifene reduce the              	 Raloxifene	is	less	effective	than	tamoxifen	in	preventing		
                              incidence of the disease by nearly half.               	 non-invasive	breast	cancer.
                              Despite these remarkable findings, few women            	 Only	tamoxifen	is	approved	in	premenopausal	women.
                              are offered an opportunity to address breast             	 Raloxifene	is	generally	considered	a	better	choice	given		
                              cancer prevention using oral prophylactics.            	 tamoxifen’s	risk	profile	involving	a	slight	increase	of	serious		
                              The “low and slow” uptake of tamoxifen and             	 side	effects	in	postmenopausal	women,	such	as	deep	vein		
Lawrence D. Wagman, MD
                              raloxifene as breast cancer prevention drugs           	 thrombosis	(DVT),	arterial	blood	clots,	pulmonary	embolism,		
    Breast Surgeon and
    Surgical Oncologist       may be due to perceptions that toxicities              	 cataracts	and	uterine	cancer.	
Executive Medical Director,
   The Center for Cancer      associated with the drugs are worse than they           	 There	are	scenarios	when	tamoxifen	is	considered	reasonable		
 Prevention and Treatment
        Orange, CA            are, and that the risk of developing breast can-       	 or	preferred,	such	as	in	post-hysterectomy	women.
                              cer is lower than it is.                                	 Currently,	tamoxifen	as	a	generic	drug	is	also	less	expensive		
                                                                                     	 than	raloxifene	(Evista).	
Both raloxifene and tamoxifen are selective estrogen receptor                         	 Both	drugs	are	in	widespread	use	to	prevent	and	treat		
modulators (SERMs). Tamoxifen’s role in breast cancer prevention                     	 osteoporosis.	In	prescribing	an	anti-osteoporotic	drug,		
came as an unexpected finding in a clinical trial treating breast                    	 physicians	may	want	to	consider	prescribing	a	SERM	for		
cancer patients. Similarly, raloxifene’s breast cancer prevention                    	 its	added,	cancer-prevention	benefit.	
benefits were discovered serendipitously in the mid 1990s through
                                                                                     Raloxifene and tamoxifen are viable, proactive alternatives to dras-
clinical trials studying the drug’s effectiveness in preventing and
                                                                                     tic measures such as prophylactic mastectomy or oophorectomy.
treating osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. A series of clinical
                                                                                     With one in eight women in the United States developing invasive
trials to define the benefit followed:
                                                                                     breast cancer in her lifetime, conversations with high-risk patients
The randomized Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT), part                           on these drugs’ benefits and risks are warranted.
of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project
                                                                                     See also: cancer.gov; sjo.org/breast
(NSABP), began in 1992 to determine if tamoxifen (vs. placebo)
could reduce the incidence in women who were at high risk for de-                                                                P-2 STAR
veloping breast cancer. By 1997, more than 13,000 pre- and post-
                                                                                             350                   312
menopausal women had participated in the study. Data showed
                                                                                             300
the results of tamoxifen treatment to be "highly significant," with
                                                                                             250
a 45 percent reduction in the number of invasive breast cancers
                                                                                             200
                                                                                                                                        163                 168
seen across all age groups.
                                                                                              150
                                                                                              100
In 1999 a follow-up to the BCPT called the Study of Tamoxifen
                                                                                               50
and Raloxifene (STAR) trial involved more than 19,000 post-
                                                                                                 0
menopausal women at increased risk of developing breast can-                                                  Gail Model               TAM             Raloxifene
cer. The women were randomly assigned to receive tamoxifen or                                                 Projection

raloxifene. The results, published in 2006, demonstrated that the                     Source: STAR Trial. This graph shows the number of cancers predicted in the women who participated
                                                                                      in the STAR trial based on the Gail Model risk calculation (312 cancers) compared to the actual results
drugs were equally effective in reducing breast cancer risk.                          of 163 breast cancers for women on tamoxifen (TAM) and 168 breast cancers for women on raloxifene.




    Case Study                                            had	 a	 hysterectomy	 at	 age	 52	 for	 benign	  	          2.2	times	higher	than	the	average	risk.	Her	
    An	 executive	went	 to	 her	 primary	 care	 phy-      indications,	 is	 active	 and	 a	 non-smoker.	              physician	discussed	with	her	the	benefits	of	
    sician	 for	 her	 yearly	 mammogram.	 During	         She	 began	 menstruating	 before	 age	 11,	 has	 	          raloxifene	to	prevent	breast	cancer	and	she	
    their	 visit	 her	 doctor	 used	 the	 Gail	 Model	    never	had	a	child,	and	has	had	one	biopsy	for	                                                            	
                                                                                                                      began	 taking	 60	 mg	 per	 day,	 anticipating	
    for	 risk	 calculation	 (found	 at	 www.cancer.       atypical	 hyperplasia.	 Her	 risk	 profile	 calcu-          usage	for	the	next	five	years.
    gov/bcrisktool).	 The	 patient	 has	 no	 history	     lation	 revealed	 a	 4%	 chance	 of	 developing	
    of	breast	cancer,	is	post-menopausal,	white,	         breast	cancer	in	the	next	five	years,	which	is	




4 | St. Joseph Medical Report
Thyroid Report

Management of Thyroid Disease
                          In recent years, the detection and treatment        In this new decade, preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules
                          of thyroid cancers has swelled to become            will be further enhanced by genetic profiling to ascertain high
                          about 50 percent of my endocrinology prac-          probability of thyroid carcinomas. Chromosome abnormalities
                          tice. It’s a trend that reflects national statis-   within the biopsy sample will help us differentiate which areas to
                          tics on the rate of thyroid cancer diagnosis,       leave in or remove. Our practice has been among the top interna-
                          which is twice as high as it was 20 years ago       tional research sites in volume contributing to a ribonucleic acid
                          and one of the few cancers increasing in fre-       (RNA) study of thyroid nodule aspirates.
 Herbert I. Rettinger, MD
    Endocrinologist
                          quency. At first glance, this seems to indicate
      Orange, CA
                          an epidemic, but in reality, today’s general
practitioners, obstetrician/gynecologists and nurse practitioners                    Case Studies
are doing a great job in performing neck exams and finding pal-                      A	very	nervous	27-year-old	female	was	referred	to	my	office	
pable nodules. Incidental findings have risen with increased use                     with	 a	 partially	 solid,	 partially	 cystic	 2.1cm	 thyroid	 nodule	
of ultrasound, CT and MRI scans.                                                     and	pain	with	swallowing.	As	a	teenager	she	had	been	treated	
                                                                                     for	 Hodgkin’s	 disease	 with	 radiation	 and	 chemotherapy.	 The	
Twenty years ago, before the advent of ultrasound biopsy evalua-                     patient	had	positive	antibodies	indicating	underlying	autoim-
tions, the finding of a nodule frequently led to surgical interven-                  mune	thyroid	disease.	An	ultrasound-guided	fine	needle	aspi-
                                                                                     rate	was	performed	in	my	office.	Once	the	fluid	was	removed,	
tion, even though as many as 95% turned out to be benign, hy-
                                                                                     the	pain	dissipated.	She	left	our	office	relieved,	with	a	simple	
perplastic lesions. Today we are able to reassure patients that the
                                                                                     BAND-AID®	 on	 her	 neck,	 and	 drove	 herself	 home.	 Pathology	
vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign, and the malignant                       was	 fortunately	 negative	 and	 she	 will	 be	 followed	 by	 serial		
neoplasms found usually present at much earlier stages.                              office	 ultrasounds.	 Similar	 scenarios	 play	 out	 regularly	 on	  	
                                                                                     numerous	 other	 patients	 each	 week	 and	 many	 unnecessary	
Nearly half of the nodules detected by ultrasound have escaped                       surgeries	are	avoided.	
discovery on clinical examination. Ultrasound-guided fine-
needle aspiration (FNA) is the most effective method available
to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules,
with nearly 95% accuracy. Only those lesions with clearly malig-
nant or suspicious characteristics are removed.


                                                           Patient	with	thyroid	nodule
      Algorithm for
      Thyroid Nodules                                                                                                FNA:	fine	needle	aspiration;	N:	normal;		
                                                                                                                     TSH:	thyroid-stimulating	hormone	(thyrotropin);		
                                                                      TSH                                            US-FNA:	ultrasound-guided	fine-needle		
                                                                                                                     aspiration.	

                                                                                                                     Abridged	and	modified	from:	Castro,	MR,		
                                                                                                                     Gharib,	H.	Pract	2003;	9:128.

                                               TSH-N	or	                                 TSH	-	


                                           Ultrasound                            Radioisotope	scan	
                                     to	assess	need	for	FNA                    and	ultrasound	(RAIU)


                                                                              Cold                 Hot


                             Doesn't	meet	           Meets	
                               criteria             criteria                  Observation
                                                                                                      Treatment	in	overt	
                                                                                                     hyperthyroidism	and	
                                                                                                       selected	cases	of	
                                                                     Fine	needle	aspiration               subclinical		
                                Monitor                                                                hyperthyroidism




sjo.org/medicalreport
Bariatric Report

Referring Patients for Bariatric Surgery
                        Primary physicians are increasingly discuss-                 Other barriers to bariatric surgery referral include:
                        ing bariatric surgery with their patients for
                                                                                     Age – We’ve treated patients as young as 20 who have an accept-
                        sustained, substantial weight loss and lessen-
                                                                                     able degree of maturity. Recently I’ve seen a trend toward more
                        ing of co-morbidities. They realize the uphill
                                                                                     older-adult referrals and have operated on patients in their early
                        battle obese patients face with non-surgical
                                                                                     70s. These cases require an even more critical eye on the risk/ben-
                        weight loss, and confidence in the procedure
                                                                                     efit ratio. Another consideration with elderly patients is that habits
                        itself is heightened. At bariatric surgery Cen-
                                                                                     are deeply ingrained and harder to change.
                        ters of Excellence, such as the one at St. Joseph
   Jeffrey Johnsrud, MD
     Bariatric Surgeon
                        Hospital, surgeons predominantly perform                     Financial Burden – For patients with a legitimate need for sur-
        Orange, CA      gastric banding which is much safer, easier to               gical weight loss, most insurance plans including Medicare now
                        tolerate and affords faster recoveries than ear-             provide coverage.
lier bariatric procedures.
                                                                                     Co-morbidities increasing surgical risk – Risks of obesity often
Once you have exhausted all other weight loss possibilities it’s time                outweigh surgical risk. A study in a 2006 New England Journal of
for a frank discussion with your patient about this option. Psycho-                  Medicine concluded that mortality among morbidly obese patients
social determinants are key:                                                         who defer surgical intervention is 10 times the expected rate.
 	 Does	the	patient	have	a	thorough	awareness	of	weight	and	its		
                                                                                     Lectures where your patients can learn more about our bariatric
	 related	issues?                                                                    program are held each month at St. Joseph Hospital. For details
 	 Is	the	patient’s	motivation	for	weight	loss	strong?
                                                                                     please call 714-771-8298 or visit sjo.org/bariatric.
 	 Does	he/she	have	the	emotional	skills	to	stay	with		
	 the	program?                                                                                                                       INCREASING PREVALENCE OF EXTREME OBESITY

Some providers’ advertisements for weight loss surgery that would                                                            1000%                  BMI*>30
                                                                                                                                                    BMI*>35

have us believe changes happen overnight do patients a disservice.                                                           900%
                                                                                       Percentage Increase (Baseline 1986)




                                                                                                                                                    BMI*>40
                                                                                                                                                    BMI*>45
                                                                                                                             800%
I tell patients to consider surgical weight loss as a two-year project
                                                                                                                                                    BMI*>50

                                                                                                                             700%
requiring seven days a week with no holidays. The cravings, habits                                                           600%
                                                                                                                                              * BMI: Body Mass Index



and social aspects of losing weight do not change with surgery. Our                                                          500%

program’s robust non-surgical aspects - a psychiatric evaluation,                                                            400%

pre- and post- operative dietary counseling, a safe and progressive                                                          300%


activity plan tailored by an exercise physiologist and ongoing sup-                                                          200%

                                                                                                                              100%
port group meetings - are critical to their success.                                                                           0%
                                                                                                                                     1987       1989          1991     1993        1995   1997   1999   2001   2003   2005

                                                                                                                                     Sturm R. Public Health. 2007;121(7):492-496




   Case Study                                            her	PCP	and	sees	a	cardiologist	for	a	stress	                                                  schedule	of	eating	every	three	hours.	There-
   Janet	 is	 in	 her	 early	 40s,	 5’4”	 and	 weighs	   echocardiogram.	 Pre-operative	 classes	 are	                                                  after	 she	 settles	 into	 a	 one-to-two	 pound	
   270	pounds.	Her	BMI	is	43.	She	has	Type	2	            scheduled	with	the	athletic	trainer	and	dieti-                                                 per	 week	 weight	 loss.	 After	 four	 months	
   Diabetes,	 takes	 two	 blood	 pressure	 medi-         tian.	Two	weeks	prior	to	surgery	she	begins	                                                   Janet	 has	 lost	 55	 pounds,	 and	 at	 one	 year	
   cations,	 and	 has	 aching	 knees	 limiting	 her	     a	liquid	protein	diet.	I	perform	laparoscopic	                                                 her	 weight	 has	 dropped	 below	 200	 pounds.	
   mobility.	 A	 single	 mother	 working	 to	 sup-       banding	and	she	returns	home	the	same	day.	                                                    In	 the	 ensuing	 year	 she	 loses	 another	 40	
   port	 her	 family,	Janet	 is	 struggling	 to	 keep	                                                                                                  pounds	 and	 is	 nearing	 her	 weight	 loss	 goal.	
                                                         After	 the	 first	 month	 she’s	 lost	 20	 pounds.	                                            With	improved	glycemic	and	blood	pressure	
   up	 with	 her	 children.	 After	 attending	 our	
                                                         Janet	 describes	 her	 food	 regimen	 as	 more	                                                control,	Janet	no	longer	requires	medication.	
   monthly	 lecture,	 Janet	 decides	 to	 take	 the	
                                                         troublesome	than	expected,	but	follows	our	                                                    She	 reports	 an	 increased	 energy	 level	 and	
   next	step	and	visits	me	for	a	surgical	consult.	
                                                         advice	on	food	choices,	portion	control,	and	a	                                                better	quality	of	life.
   She	 undergoes	 an	 exhaustive	 work-up	 by	




6 | St. Joseph Medical Report
In The News

A New Leader at                                       Clinical Institute: The Future                  New Biospecimen Repository
St. Joseph Hospital                                   of Medicine Is Here                             The Center for Cancer Prevention and
                                                                                                      Treatment at St. Joseph Hospital has be-
Steven C. Moreau joined St. Joseph Hos-               Through the Clinical Institute at SJO,
                                                                                                      come the first community hospital in
pital (SJO) in December 2010 as President             numerous evidence-based practice guide-
                                                                                                      Orange County to open a Biospecimen
and Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Steve’s            lines have been developed and are having
                                                                                                      Repository. After three years of planning
career in healthcare leadership spans 35              a profoundly positive impact on patient
                                                                                                      and with generous contributions from
years. Most recently he served as Presi-              care. This past year the Clinical Institute
                                                                                                      the community, the Biospecimen Reposi-
dent and CEO of San Antonio Community                 developed 31 order sets that contributed to:
                                                                                                      tory went online January 1, 2011. The re-
Hospital in Upland, CA. Prior to that he
                                                       	 A	sustained	patient	satisfaction	at		        pository will freeze and store cancerous
was Senior Vice President and Chief Oper-
                                                      	 end	of	life	increase	from	83.73%	in		         and surrounding healthy tissue and blood
ating Officer of Hoag Hospital for 14 years.
                                                      	 2008	to	99%	in	March	2010                     samples for a variety of cancers.
Steve remarked, "It's important that our
                                                       	 Decrease	in	observed/expected		
physicians thrive and we must partner with                                                            “We are excited to provide an evidence-
                                                      	 mortality	from	0.72	in	FY	2009	to		           based biobanking resource for research-
them in this endeavor."
                                                      	 0.68	in	FY	2010                               ers that will spur development of new
Laborist Program Flourishing                           	 A	50%	reduction	in	stable	psych/	
                                                                                                      therapies to treat and cure cancer,” stated
                                                      	 chemical	dependency/detox	patients'		         Pathology Program Director Aaron Sas-
Since its inception in January 2010, the
                                                      	 time	in	Emergency	Department                  soon. “We serve a population with greater
St. Joseph Hospital Laborist program has
delivered favorable outcomes. Approxi-                                                                diversity than is found in most academic
                                                      In its third year, the physician-led Clini-
mately 5,000 babies are born each year at                                                             centers, enabling us to procure a wider
                                                      cal Institute has grown to 275 members
St. Joseph Hospital, which includes a sub-                                                            range of specimens.”
                                                      in 42 specialties, according to Clinical
stantial number of high-risk deliveries. The          Institute Medical Director Alejandro            St. Joseph Hospital is one of just 30
Laborist program helps ensure timely care             Ramirez, MD. For more information,              centers in the nation and the only
in emergencies, while the patient’s doctor is         visit ClinicalInstitute.org.                    hospital in California selected by the
en route. Laborist coverage on the Mother-                                                            National Cancer Institute (NCI) to par-
Baby Unit is currently available holidays,            Latest Surgical Robot Acquired                  ticipate in its Community Cancer Centers
weekends and week nights.                                                                             Program (NCCCP). The Center modeled its
                                                      In January St. Joseph Hospital acquired
“We’re one of the few hospitals in the state          a DaVinci Surgical SI System. Medical           biospecimen repository after NCI best
with a laborist program, but it’s quickly             Director of the Robotics and Minimally          practices.
becoming the standard of care,” states La-            Invasive Surgery Program Ashok Kar,             “We hope to share this remarkable
borist Medical Director G. Lara Bhatnagar,            MD, shared, “St. Joseph Hospital was the        resource of biomedical information and
MD. “Our benchmarks show it decreases                 first community hospital to acquire the         tissue specimens with cancer research
risks. We’ve had positive feedback from               robot in Southern California in 2003 for        investigators locally, regionally and
patients, who feel safe having access to a            minimally invasive procedures. With the         nationwide for insights into the risk,
qualified obstetrician when their doctor              advent of newer technologies and proce-         prevention and treatment of cancer,”
isn’t available. We still respect the family’s        dures it became essential to obtain the         said Lawrence D. Wagman, MD, Execu-
birth plan and their doctor is still in charge.       newest generation robot, which allows us to     tive Medical Director of The Center for
Obstetricians signing out to the laborist             maintain our leadership role in Robotics."      Cancer Prevention and Treatment.
like the convenience and stress relief.”




    Steven C. Moreau          G. Lara Bhatnagar, MD      Alejandro Ramirez, MD        Ashok Kar, MD        Aaron Sassoon, MD      Lawrence D. Wagman, MD
    President and CEO         Obstetrics/Gynecology          Anesthesiology              Urology               Pathology             Breast and Surgical
    St. Joseph Hospital                                                                                                                  Oncology




sjo.org/medicalreport
                                                                                                                   Non-Profit
                                                                                                                  U.S.	Postage
                                                                                                                     PAiD
                                                                                                                 Santa	Ana,	CA
                                                                                                                Permit	No.	1536

1100	W.	Stewart	Dr.,	Orange,	CA	92868




sjo.org/physician



  For	more	information	about	St.	Joseph	Hospital	or	to		
  learn	more	about	the	following	areas	please	contact:
                   Raymond	Casciari,	MD	
                   Chief	Medical	Officer	              Educational	Opportunities	
                   714-771-8011		                      Presented	by	St.	Joseph	Hospital
                   Raymond.Casciari@stjoe.org	
                                                       Primary	Care	Physicians	are	invited	to	attend:
                   Kelleen	Corfield	
                                                       Saturday, March 19, 2011
                   Director	of	Business	Development	
                                                       Management of Rhinosinusitis,
                   714-347-7940		
                                                       Snoring and Sleep Apnea
                   Kelleen.Corfield@stjoe.org
                                                       At	the	Westin	South	Coast	Plaza,	Costa	Mesa
                   Jennifer	Kovac	
                                                       Saturday, May 14, 2011
                   Physician	Relations	Specialist	
                                                       Melanoma Symposium
                   714-347-7939		
                                                       At	the	Balboa	Bay	Club	and	Resort,	Newport	Beach
                   Jennifer.Kovac@stjoe.org
                                                       To	register	or	for	more	information,	please	call		
                   Lynn	Warrick	
                                                       1-866-714-1777.	You	may	also	register	online	at		
                   Physician	Relations	Specialist	
                                                       sjo.org/PhysicianEd.
                   714-347-7942		
                   Lynn.Warrick@stjoe.org

                                                       EDITORIAl BOARD
   	 Obtain	St.	Joseph	Hospital	referral	forms         Anesthesiology          Ophthalmology          Surgery - Bariatric
                                                       Alejandro Ramirez, MD   Timothy You, MD        and General
   	 Facilitate	physician-to-physician	meetings                                                       Jeffrey Johnsrud, MD
                                                       Cardiology              Orthopedic Surgery     Eric Pham, MD
   	 Update	physician	bio	information	on	the		         Thomas C. Kim, MD       Paul Beck, MD
                                                                               Ayaz Biviji, MD        Surgical Oncology
  	 St.	Joseph	Hospital	(sjo.org)	website              Chief Medical Officer                          Lawrence D. Wagman, MD
                                                       Raymond Casciari, MD    Orthopedic Surgery
   	 Receive	brochures	for	specific	services                                   Spine                  Surgery - Vascular
                                                       Family Practice         Jack Chen, MD          Jeffrey Ballard, MD
                                                       Lawrence Ehrlich, DO    Jeffrey Deckey, MD
   	 Send	questions	or	suggestions
                                                       Hematology/Oncology     Otorhinolaryngology
   	 Register	for	new	physician	orientation	and		      Cindy Tran, DO          Robert del Junco, MD
                                                       Internal Medicine
  	 tour	of	hospital                                   D. Sajee Lekawa, MD
                                                                               Pediatrics
                                                                               Connie Bartlett, DO
                                                       Interventional          Surgery - Colorectal
                                                       Radiology               and General
                                                       Mahmood Razavi, MD      George Moro, MD

						
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