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FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY
THE MOUTHPIECE OF
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ASSOCIATION
VOL. 13 ISSUE 5 May - June 2007
NANOTECHNOLOGY Commercial-scale applications of nanotechnology
ACHEMA Trend Report No 20
Nanotechnology Continues to Broaden Its Reach Polymeric composites In addition to carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles of
Over the past two decades, there has been an explosion of research and various other materials are being used as functional additives in the
development activities in nanotechnology, with considerable investment production of a range of advanced composites.
and effort worldwide, by universities, companies ranging from small, Consumer products Makers of sunscreens, cosmetics and other personal
entrepreneurial start-up businesses to leading corporations in all care products have discovered that the use of nanometer-scaled versions
segments of the chemical process industries, and government and military of common additives can improve the effectiveness and aesthetic appeal
research organizations. of many products, compared to conventional formulations.
Nanotechnology is now widely regarded as a key technology of the 21st
century. Nanoscaled materials and nanotechnology manufacturing Semiconductor-polishing slurries A well-established use for
techniques are already being used to produce composite materials with nanoparticles is during chemical mechanical planarization
improved electro conductivity, catalytic activity, hardness, scratch (CMP), an extremely precise polishing process that is used
resistance and self-cleaning capabilities, and consumer products (such as
during the production of integrated circuits on semiconductor
cosmetics and sunscreens) that have improved aesthetic appeal and
efficiency. chips.
Nanotechnology applications are also being developed to improve the Catalytic and photocatalytic applications The development of
performance of gas sensors and other industrial monitoring devices, to
highly effective catalysts also benefits from the enormous surface
increase the activity of various catalysts, to produce improved fuel cells
and lighter weight and longer-lasting batteries. In the medical arena, an area advantage of nanoscaled particles.
imaginative array of nanoscaled particles are being investigated to Drug-delivery mechanisms and medical therapeutics Ongoing
employ potent cancer-killing drugs more effectively in the human body, nanotechnology developments in medicine have the potential to
so they accumulate preferentially within tumors and other cancerous revolutionize medicine and healthcare.
cells, to spare healthy surrounding tissue and minimize the devastating
side effects often associated with chemotherapy and radiation-based Medical diagnostics Over the last two decades, the evolution of
cancer treatments. fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots
Mind boggling dimensions has ushered in a new era in medical and laboratory diagnostics.
In recent years, working with countless materials, the scientific, Targeted drug delivery Today’s nanotech pioneers are working
engineering and medical communities have verified the novel, size-
to synthesize and deploy a diverse array of nanoscaled structures
dependent properties and phenomena that occur in the nanometer-range,
and they continue working to perfect the techniques needed to reliably in order to dramatically improve the way in which highly
produce or manufacture these tiny structures. The German government effective therapeutic agents are administered.
has funded nanotechnology research since 1998. In 2004 more than € 270
Getting nanocarriers to release their payload An imaginative
million were contributed by the federal ministries in Germany, which has
a leading position in the EU nanotechnology research (€ 1,380 million in array of triggering mechanisms are being investigated to provide
the whole EU in 2004). The German government plans to invest about € greater control over when and how a nanoscaled vehicle will
320 million in nanotechnology in 2006. Money will be allocated via the release its drug payload inside a cell.
Ministry of Education and Research as well as the Ministry of Economics
and Technology. Not only pure scientific research was and is funded, but Production routes
also structural measures such as the formation of nanotechnology A range of methods are available or under development to
competence centers (e.g. in chemistry, optics, ultra-precise surface manufacture nanoparticles of various materials. In general, there
manufacturing etc.). In the USA, a primary unifying force has been the are six widely used methods for producing nanoscaled particles –
National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), a long-term research and
on the order of 1-100 nanometers in diameter – of various
development program that coordinates the nanotechnology activities of
22 departments of the US government, such as the National Science materials:
Foundation, Dept. of Defense, Dept. of Energy, National Institute of • Plasma-arc and flame-hydrolysis methods (including flame
Health, National Institute of Standards, and National Aeronautical Space ionization), involving the use of a high-temperature plasma or
Administration, and other independent agencies. It was first proposed in flame-ionization reactor (involving both gas-to-particle and
2000, during the Clinton Administration, and was signed into law in 2003 droplet-to-particle methods)
by President George H.W. Bush (The “21st Century Nanotechnology • Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), in which a starting material
R&D Act“). Nanotechnology spending by the NNI members in 2005 is is vaporized and then condensed on a surface, usually under
estimated to be US-$ 1,081 million, according to the NNI. For the FY
vacuum conditions
2006 federal budget, President George W. Bush requested US-$ 1,081
million for nanotechnology R&D across all of the agencies that • Electrodeposition techniques, in which individual species are
participate in the NNI. Since the NNI was established, more than 40 other deposited from solution in a precisely controlled manner, to
countries have announced priority nanotechnology programs, including form a nanoscaled surface film
Japan, Germany, China, Taiwan and Korea.
• Sol-gel synthesis, a wet-chemical method that allows high-
purity, high-homogeneity nanoscale materials to be
synthesized at lower temperatures and milder conditions
compared to competing high-temperature methods. (The
`
inorganic or “colloidal“ route uses metal salts in aqueous
solution, such as chloride, oxychloride nitrate, as raw TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
materials; The metal-organic or “alkoxide“ route employs
metal alkoxides in organic solvents) WITH TTA
If you are exploring TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, call on Technology
Mechanical crushing via ball milling, which pulverizes Transfer Association, Bombay
conventional starting materials (such as metal oxides) using
It is an association to provide consultation service on technology transfer to
conventional high-energy ball mills suit any purpose.Specific objectives of the association are :
• Use of naturally occurring nanomaterials; certain naturally
occurring materials, such as zeolites, can be synthesized and To spread the knowledge of science and technology amongst Scientists,
Technologists, Experts and Consultants specially in the sector of chemicals and
modified by conventional chemistry to produce particles with allied products and/or industries.
nanoscaled dimensions To better equip the members to enable them to discharge their obligations
10 / 12 towards advancement and promotion of R&D in industry, trade and
commerce, thereby leading to the economic prosperity for the benefit to the
entire community.
This press release is also available on the Web at To carry on activities for the extension of knowledge in the fields of chemicals,
www.achema.de management of technology transfer etc .
In addition to the proven techniques discussed above, We invite you to become a member and avail of the services.
additional, promising technologies are emerging to
produce nanoscaled particles of various materials. These ADVERTISE IN TTA
include: TTA welcome advertisements @ Rs. 100/- per c. column. Pleas take
• Flame or jet-flame reactors, which introduce an additional advantage to reach your message to you potential customers.
flame behind the reaction zone, in order to transform the
aggregates into spherical particles more effectively QUERY TIME
• Improved plasma processes, which are designed to promote Rades are requested to send in their queries
more rapid cooling, in order to produce fewer agglomerates regarding transfer of technology or on subjects
• Sonochemical processing routes, in which an acoustic concerned to The Editor Techno-Trans Journal, 405,
Vikas. 4th Floor,11Bank Street, Horniman Circle,
cavitation process generates a transient localized hot zone Mumbai – 400 023 – Tel. No. 22691273 / 74.
with an extremely high-temperature gradient and pressure
• Hydrodynamic cavitation processes, in which nanoparticles are
generated through creation and release of gas bubbles inside a Techno-Trans Journal is a bi-month, edited and published by
sol-gel solution Y.H. Gharpure for the Technology Transfer Association
• Microemulsion techniques, which show promise for the (TTA), 404, Vikas, 4th Floor, 11 Bank Street, Horniman
synthesis of metallic semiconductor silica, barium sulfate, Circle, Mumbai – 400 023 Tel. No. 2269 1273 / 74
magnetic and superconductor nanoparticles
• Bead technologies
• Molecular chemistry
Nanotechnology critics urge caution
Nanomaterials exhibit changed properties due to increased GHARPURE GROUP
surface/volume ratio, a higher surface energy and a smaller
particle size. These altered substance properties may possibly
result in different toxicological and ecotoxicological properties
to the bulk material. These possible changes in substance
properties are currently giving rise to worldwide discussions
whether existing exposure measurement technologies and GHARPURE LABORATORIES GHARPURE CONSULTING
methodologies and toxicological testing strategies are PVT. LTD ENGINEERS PVT. LTD
Manufacturers & Dealers in Industrial & Management
appropriate to assess potential hazards and thus are appropriate Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Consultant
to analyze potential risks of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials must
be safe for humans and the environment. To ensure responsible GHARPURE ASSOCIATES INDUSTRIAL POLYCLINIC
use of nanomaterials further safety research is necessary which is (INDIA) PVT. LTD.
currently being undertaken intensively worldwide by industry Consultants to Chemical & Clinic & Polyclinic for
and public research institutes. Pharmaceutical Industry Business & Industry
Group has already addressed safety issues of nanomaterials at a Head Office
very early stage in a “roadmap“ of safety research which is 405,Vikas, 11 Bank Street, Horniman Circle, Mumbai-400 023
continuously updated and reviewed. Tel: 022-22691273, 22691274 Fax: 022 22642410
www.achems.de E-mail: gharpure@vsnl.com, Website: www.gharconeng.com
Registered Office
G-4 Suyog Sector 10 A, Vashi. Navi Mubai- 400 703
Kindly Pay Your Tel : 27897576
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And Arriers Gala No.2 & 3, Building No.2, Sector No.3 Millennium Business Park,
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