FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
1.1 Functional group: - Functional group are atom or group of atom which participate in chemical reaction of organic compound. Chemical properties of organic compound depend upon the function group. Functional group has specific name, definite structure and consists of specific atoms. Functional group is attached to a chain of hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon chain generally does not participate in the chemical reaction and remains passive. Chemically a molecule behaves similar to any other molecule which has the same functional group. 1.2 Family name of groups Alcohol, Aldehyde, Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne, Amide, Amine, Azo compound, Benzene derivative, Carboxylic acid, Cyanate, Disulfide, Ester, (alphabetical Ether, Haloalkane , Imine , Isocyanide , Isocyanate , Ketone Nitrile ,order) Nitro compound, Nitroso compound , Peroxide , Phosphoric acid Pyridine derivative, Sulfone, Sulfonic acid, Sulfoxide, Thioester, Thioether, Thiol.
1.3
1.4 Nomenclature International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommended a scientific and systematic method of vast variety of organic compound. Every effort has been made to ensure that an undisputable unambiguous structure must be developed based on IUPAC names of organic compounds
However in practice and in day to day communication IPUAC names are generally not followed. Trivial names or common names are well in use. Some of the trivial names are so popular that IUPAC has adopted them IUPAC name essentially consists of three parts. Prefix, Parent and Suffix. The parent parts indicates base name of the molecule. Suffix identifies the functional group family. Prefix gives location of functional group and the other substituents (a group attached as a branch to the longest chain on the parent) The Parent part of name depends on number of carbon atom forming the longest chain in the molecule. These carbon atoms must be bonded to each other and should form an unbroken chain. Each parent name represents a sp