Cell Organelles and
Organization
What to consider?
Prokaryote- organisms that lack nuclei
(bacteria)
Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei
(plants and animals)
CELL WALL
Location: outside perimeter
Found in prokaryotes and plants
Function: gives cells its shape
and protection
Cell Membrane
Location: Outside perimeter
Also called Plasma Membrane
Prokaryotes, Plants, & Animals
Function: controls what enter
and leaves the cell
Structure of Cell Membrane
Selectively Permeable:
pick and chose what is allowed to
enter/exit
Nucleus
Plants and Animals
Function: Control center for
metabolism and reproduction
Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Plants and Animals
Function: makes ribosomes
Nuclear Envelope:
Surrounds the nucleus
Plants and Animals
Allows things to enter and
exit nucleus
Chromatin/Chromosomes
Inside nucleus
Plants and Animals
Function: DNA
Cytoplasm
Location: Jelly-like substance
in between cell membrane
and nucleus
Plants and Animals &
Prokaryotes
Function: metabolism
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Plants and Animals
Function: highway of cell;
moves material from one
end to the next
Two Types:
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER): ribosomes
attached
Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Ribosomes
Plants and Animals
Function: makes proteins
Goligi Bodies or Complex
Plants and Animals
Looks like a flattened
stack of pancakes
Modify and transport
proteins to parts of
the cell
Lysosome
Plants and
Animals
Garbage
disposal;
break down
food or
bacteria
Mitochondria
Plants and
Animals
Powerhouse of
cell
Produces
energy for the
cell
Microtubules
Eukaryotes
(plants and
animals)
Gives cell
shape
Microfilaments
Eukaryotes
(plants and
animals)
Involved
with cell
movement
Cilia and Flagella
Both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes (plants and
animals)
Function: Hair-like structures
for movement
Cilia and Flagella
Cilia Flagella
Vacuoles
Plants: one large
Animals: several small ones
Function: digest food or
remove excess water (similar
to sponge)
Plastids
Plants only
Two types:
1. Leucoplasts: starch storage
2. Chromoplasts: pigments for color
Chloroplast
Type of chromoplast
Contains chlorophyll; site for
photosynthesis
Grana and stoma are part of
chloroplast
Endosymbiosis
Theory that mitochondria and
chloroplasts were really once bacteria or
prokaryotes
Centrioles
Inside cells
Eukaryotes (plants and animals)
Function: cellular division
Organization of Cells in Living
Things:
Unicellular Organisms
Example: bacteria, fungi,
algae
Able to carry on all life
processes
Usually colonial organisms
Multicellular Organisms
Cells---Tissues---Organ---
Organ Systems
Tissue
Group of cells that are
similar and perform same
function
Types: epithelial (skin),
connective (bone), and
muscle to name a few
Organ
Group of tissues that work
together to perform a
specific function
EX: Stomach, Liver
Organ System
Group of organs that work
together to perform a
function
EX: digestive system
Critical Thinking Question
Why do you think the cells of all
multicellular organisms are specialized?