Get documents about "BLOODBORNE PATH 11 8 94
Document Sample
2.25
MARION COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
TO
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
"EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN"
BOARD APPROVED NOVEMBER 8, 1994
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I: PURPOSE OF THE PLAN .................................................... Page 4
SECTION II: GENERAL PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ............................. Page 5
A. RESPONSIBLE PERSONS ....................................... Page 6
B. AVAILABILITY TO EMPLOYEES ............................. Page 8
C. REVIEW AND UPDATE ............................................. Page 9
SECTION III: EXPOSURE DETERMINATION .......................................... Page 10
SECTION IV: METHODS OF COMPLIANCE ............................................ Page 13
A. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS................................... Page 14
B. ENGINEERING CONTROLS .................................... Page 14
C. WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS ............................... Page 15
D. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, .............. Page 16
E. HOUSEKEEPING ..................................................... Page 18
SECTION V: HEPATITIS B VACCINATION, POST-EXPOSURE ............ Page 19
EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP
A. HEPATITIS B VACCINATION .................................. Page 20
B. POST-EXPOSURE EVALUATION AND .................. Page 20
FOLLOW-UP
C. INFORMATION PROVIDED TO THE ...................... Page 22
HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL
D. HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL WRITTEN .......... Page 22
OPINION
E. MEDICAL RECORD KEEPING ................................ Page 23
SECTION VI: INFORMATION AND TRAINING ......................................... Page 24
A. TRAINING TOPICS ................................................... Page 25
B. TRAINING METHODS .............................................. Page 26
C. RECORDKEEPING ................................................... Page 26
SECTION VII: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ........................ Page 28
ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
SECTION VIII: MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION .................................... Page 30
A. EMPLOYEE FACT SHEET ....................................... Page 31
2
3
SECTION I
PURPOSE OF THE PLAN
4
PURPOSE OF THE PLAN
The major goal of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is to
regulate facilities where work is carried out and promote safe work practices in
an effort to minimize the incidence of illness and injury experienced by
employees. Relative to this goal, OSHA has enacted the Bloodborne Pathogens
Standard, codified as 29 CFR 1910.1030. The purpose of the Bloodborne
Pathogens Standard is to "reduce occupational exposure to Hepatitis B Virus
(HBV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other bloodborne pathogens"
that employees may encounter in the workplace.
The Marion County Public School District believes that there are several "good
general principles" that should be followed when working with bloodborne
pathogens. These include that:
* It is prudent to minimize all exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
Risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens should never be
underestimated.
The District's facilities should institute as many work practice and
engineering controls as possible to eliminate or minimize employee
exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
The District has implemented this Exposure Control Plan to meet the letter and
intent of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. The objective of this plan is
twofold:
* To protect the employees from health hazards associated with
bloodborne pathogens.
* To provide appropriate treatment and counseling should an
employee be exposed to bloodborne pathogens.
5
6
7
SECTION II
GENERAL PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
GENERAL PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
A. RESPONSIBLE PERSONS
There are four major "Categories of Responsibility" that are central to
the effective implementation of the Exposure Control Plan. These are:
* The "Exposure Control Officer".
* Plant Operators, Supervisors, and Administrators.
* Education/Training Instructors
* The District's Employees.
The following sections define the roles played by each of these
groups in carrying out the plan.
EXPOSURE CONTROL OFFICER
The "Exposure Control Officer" will be responsible for general management and
support of the District's Bloodborne Pathogens Compliance Program. Activities
that are delegated to the Exposure Control Officer typically include, but are not
limited to:
Overall responsibility for implementing the Exposure Control Plan for
the entire District.
* Working with administration and other employees to develop and
administer any additional bloodborne pathogens related policies and
practices needed to support the effective implementation of this
plan.
* Looking for ways to improve the Exposure Control Plan, as well as to
revise and update the plan when necessary.
* Collecting and maintaining a suitable reference library on the
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard and bloodborne pathogens safety
and health information.
* Knowing current legal requirements concerning bloodborne
pathogens.
* Acting as District liaison during OSHA inspections.
11
The Assistant Superintendent has been appointed as the District's Exposure
Control Officer and may delegate responsibilities to appropriate personnel.
The District has determined that the Exposure Control Officer will require
assistance in fulfilling the responsibilities of the position. To assist in carrying
out the duties, the District has created an Exposure Control Plan Committee
composed of the following people:
Exposure Control Plan Committee
* Director of Employee Relations * Representative from MEA
* Director of ESE * Representative from MESP
* Health Education Coordinator * Representative from IBPAT
* Fire, Health, Safety Officers
* Director of Personnel
This committee will assist the Exposure Control Officer in identifying revisions or
additions needed in the Exposure Control Plan.
The Exposure Control Plan Committee will also meet at least annually to review
the plan or as needed throughout the year.
The Exposure Control Plan Committee will also serve as the Exposure Incidence
Committee which deals with exposure with the addition of the following:
* Assistant Superintendent
* Physician
* Site Supervisor
The number of people involved in this committee is limited to only those above
and possibly those people directly involved in incident.
PLANT OPERATORS AND SUPERVISORS
Plant Operators and Supervisors are responsible for exposure control in their
respective areas. They work directly with the Exposure Control Officer and the
Exposure Control Plan Committee to ensure that proper exposure control
procedures are followed.
EDUCATION/TRAINING INSTRUCTORS
12
The District's Director of Staff Development will be responsible for providing
information and training to all employees who have the potential for exposure to
bloodborne pathogens. Activities falling under the direction of the Instructors
include:
* Maintaining an up-to-date list of District personnel requiring training.
* Developing suitable education/training programs.
* Scheduling periodic training seminars for employees.
* Maintaining appropriate training documentation such as "Sign-in
Sheets", Quizzes, etc.
* Periodically reviewing the training programs with the Exposure
Control Officer, Plant Operators, and Supervisors to include new
information.
EMPLOYEES
As with all District activities, the employees have the most important role in the
bloodborne pathogens compliance program. The ultimate execution of much of
the Exposure Control Plan rests in their hands. In this role they must do things
such as:
* Know what tasks they perform that have occupational exposure.
* Attend the bloodborne pathogens training sessions.
* Plan and conduct all operations in accordance with the District's
work practice controls.
B. AVAILABILITY OF THE EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN TO
EMPLOYEES
To help them with their efforts, the District's Exposure Control Plan is available to
the employees at all times. Employees are advised of this availability during their
education/training sessions. Copies of the Exposure Control Plan are kept in the
following locations:
* Risk Management
* Office of Exceptional Student Education
* Office of Employee Relations or Each School Site.
* Personnel Office
C. REVIEW AND UPDATE OF THE PLAN
13
We recognize that it is important to keep the Exposure Control Plan up-to-date.
To ensure this, the plan will be reviewed and updated under the following
circumstances:
* At least annually.
* Whenever new or modified tasks and procedures are implemented
which affect occupational exposure of the employees.
* Whenever an employee's job is revised such that new instances of
occupational exposure may occur.
Whenever a new functional position is established within the District
that may involve exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
14
15
SECTION III
EXPOSURE DETERMINATION
16
EXPOSURE DETERMINATION
One of the keys to implementing a successful Exposure Control Plan is to identify
exposure situations employees may encounter. To facilitate this, the District has
prepared the following lists:
* Job classifications in which all employees have occupational
exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
* Job classifications in which some employees have occupational
exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
PROCEDURE FOR ADDITIONAL EXPOSURE DETERMINATIONS
If an individual or a group of individuals feel that their position(s) should be
considered as a classification for occupational exposure determination and
eligible for the Hep. B. vaccination program, the following procedure will be used:
1. Notify the Assistant Superintendent who will notify the Exposure
Control Plan Committee. The request must be in writing with
justification for consideration.
2. The Exposure Control Plan Committee will review the request and
notify the individual(s) in writing of the action taken.
3. The Exposure Control Plan Committee may request the supervisor
and the individual(s) to appear before the committee.
JOB CLASSIFICATIONS IN WHICH ALL EMPLOYEES
HAVE EXPOSURE TO BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Below are listed the job classifications in the District where all employees may
come into contact with human blood or other potentially infectious materials,
which may result in the possible exposure to bloodborne pathogens:
JOB TITLE DEPARTMENT/LOCATION
First Responders .. All Building Sites
Athletic Trainers .. All Building Sites
Adaptive P.E. Teachers .. All Building Sites
All Custodians .. All Building Sites
Plumbers .. All Building Sites
Pre-K Teachers and Aides .. All Building Sites
Health Occupation Teachers .. All Building Sites
Certain Community Ed Teachers .. All Building Sites
i.e., Radiology
ESE Bus Drivers and Bus Aides .. Transportation
PT's and PT Aides .. All Building Sites
Social Workers All Building Sites
Health Clinic Personnel All Building Sites
JOB CLASSIFICATION IN WHICH SOME EMPLOYEES
HAVE EXPOSURE TO BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Below are listed the job classifications in the District where some employees may
come into contact with human blood or other potentially infectious materials,
which may result in possible exposure to bloodborne pathogens:
JOB TITLE DEPARTMENT/LOCATION
Certain Coaches All Building Sites
Certain ESE Teachers, i.e., SED All Building Sites
Certain ESE Aides, i.e., SED All Building Sites
Electricians (selected) All Building Sites
Principals, Assistant Principals and Deans All Building Sites
P.E. Teachers and P.E. Aides All Building Sites
20
SECTION IV
METHODS OF COMPLIANCE
21
METHODS OF COMPLIANCE
The District understands that there are several areas that must be addressed in
order to effectively eliminate or minimize exposure to bloodborne pathogens in
the District. The first five areas we deal with in the plan are:
* The use of Universal Precautions.
* Establishing appropriate Engineering Controls.
* Implementing appropriate Work Practice Controls.
* Using necessary Personal Protective Equipment.
* Implementing appropriate Housekeeping Procedures.
Each of these areas are reviewed with the employees during their bloodborne
pathogens related training (see the "Information and Training" section of this
plan for additional information). By rigorously following the requirements of
OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard in these five areas, the District feels that
it will eliminate or minimize the employee's occupational exposure to bloodborne
pathogens as much as is possible.
A. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
The District is using the practice of "Universal Precautions". As a result,
employees will treat all human blood and body fluids as if they are known to be
infectious for HBV, HIV and other bloodborne pathogens.
In circumstances where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body
fluid types, employees will assume all body fluids to be potentially infectious.
The Assistant Superintendent is responsible for overseeing the Universal
Precautions Program.
B. ENGINEERING CONTROLS
A key aspect to the Exposure Control Plan is the use of Engineering Controls to
eliminate or minimize employee exposure to bloodborne pathogens. As a result,
employees use cleaning, maintenance, and other equipment that is designed to
prevent contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials.
The Assistant Superintendent periodically works with Plant Operators,
Maintenance, and Administrators to review tasks and procedures performed in
the District where engineering controls can be implemented or updated. Any
existing engineering control equipment is also reviewed for proper function and
needed repair or replacement on an ongoing basis.
The following engineering controls are used throughout the District's facilities:
Handwashing facilities (or antiseptic hand cleaners or antiseptic
towelettes), which are readily accessible to all employees who
have the potential for exposure.
* Emergency clean-up supplies supplied to the custodial staff in
addition to standard personal protective equipment.
* Mandatory that any agencies providing services requiring needles or
reusable sharps furnish the necessary engineering controls and
disposal procedures outlined in the OSHA guidelines.
C. WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS
In addition to engineering controls, the District uses a number of Work Practice
Controls to help eliminate or minimize employee exposure to bloodborne
pathogens. Many of these Work Practice Controls have been in effect for some
time. Any controls that are being used for the first time will be reviewed by the
Exposure Control Plan Committee prior to district wide implementation.
The person in the District responsible for overseeing the implementation of these
Work Practice Controls is the Assistant Superintendent. The Assistant
Superintendent works in conjunction with the Plant Operators, Administrators,
and Staff Development Director to effect this implementation.
The District has adopted the following Work Practice Controls as part of it's
Bloodborne Pathogens Compliance Program.
* Employees wash their hands immediately, or as soon feasible, after
removal of potentially contaminated gloves or other personal
protective equipment.
* Following any contact of body areas with blood or any other
infectious materials, employees wash their hands and any other
exposed skin with soap and water (or an acceptable substitute) as
soon as possible. They will also flush exposed mucous membranes
with water.
* Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balm and
handling contact lenses is prohibited in work areas, including health
clinics and diaper changing areas, where there is potential for
exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
* Food or drink is not kept in refrigerators, freezers, on counter tops,
or in other areas where blood or other potentially infectious
materials are present.
* In the event of an accident or exposure, ensure that the appropriate
medical action is taken, contaminated areas are protected to prevent
further exposure, the site supervisor is notified, the contaminated
area is properly cleaned and a report is written for all exposures.
Currently the District doesn't work with medical sharps, but if any changes occur
in school medical requirements, the District will implement the needed safety
precautions and include them in the Exposure Control Plan.
When a new employee comes to the District, or an employee changes jobs within
the District, the following process takes place to ensure they are trained the
appropriate work practice controls:
* Personnel will be responsible for notifying Staff Development of new
employees who require training.
* The employees job requirements and responsibilities to be
performed are checked against the Job Classification and Task List.
The Exposure Control Plan contains these lists identifying areas
where occupational exposures can occur.
* If the employee is transferring from one job to another within the
District, the job classifications and task/procedures pertaining to
their previous position are also checked against these lists.
* Based on this "cross-checking" the new job classifications and/or
tasks and procedures which will bring the employee into
occupational exposure situations are identified.
* The employee is then trained by the District's Supervisor of Staff
Development regarding any work practice controls with which the
employee is not experienced.
D. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Personal Protective Equipment is the employee's "last line of defense" against
bloodborne pathogens. Because of this, the District provides (at no cost to the
employees) the Personal Protective Equipment they need to protect themselves
against such exposure. This equipment includes, but is not limited to:
* Disposable gloves
* Emergency clean-up supplies
Hypoallergenic gloves, gloveliners and similar alternatives are readily available to
employees who are allergic to the gloves the District normally uses. These
gloves may be requested through their supervisors.
The Assistant Superintendent, working with Plant Operators and Supervisors, is
responsible for ensuring that all departments have appropriate personal
protective equipment available to employees.
The employees are trained regarding the use of the appropriate personal
protective equipment for their job classifications and task/procedures they
perform. Initial training about personal protective equipment was completed in
the District. Additional training is provided, when necessary.
To determine whether additional training is needed, the employee's previous job
classification and tasks are compared to those for any new job or function that
they undertake. Any needed training is provided by their Plant Operator or
Supervisor working with the Staff Development Department.
To ensure that personal protective equipment is not contaminated and is in the
appropriate condition to protect employees from potential exposure, the District
adheres to the following practices:
* All personal protective equipment is replaced as needed to maintain
its effectiveness.
* Reusable personal protective equipment is cleaned as needed.
* Single-use personal protective equipment (or equipment that cannot,
for whatever reason, be decontaminated) is disposed of in an
appropriate manner.
To make sure that this equipment is used as effectively as possible, the
employees adhere to the following practices when using their personal protective
equipment.
* Any garments penetrated by blood or other infectious materials are
removed immediately, or as soon as feasible.
* All potentially contaminated personal protective equipment is
removed before leaving a work area.
* Gloves are worn in the following circumstances:
- Whenever employees anticipate hand contact with
potentially infectious materials.
- When handling or touching contaminated items or surfaces.
* Disposable gloves are replaced as soon as practical after
contamination or if they are torn, punctured or otherwise lose their
ability to function as an "exposure barrier".
Utility gloves are decontaminated for reuse unless they are cracked,
peeling, torn or exhibit other signs of deterioration, at which time
they are disposed of.
* Masks and eye protection are used as necessary.
E. HOUSEKEEPING
All trash cans must have plastic liners. Maintaining the facilities in a clean and
sanitary condition is an important part of the Bloodborne Pathogens Compliance
Program. To facilitate this, the District has set up a written schedule for cleaning
and decontamination of the appropriate areas of the facilities. The schedule,
which can be found in each facility provides the following information.
* The area to be cleaned/decontaminated.
* Day and time of scheduled work.
* Cleaners and disinfectants to be used, if different from the standard
issue items.
* Any special instructions that are appropriate.
Using this schedule, the custodial staff and other designated employees utilize
the following practices:
* All equipment and surfaces are cleaned and decontaminated after
contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials:
- Immediately (or as soon as feasible) when surfaces are
visibly contaminated.
- At the end of the work shift if the surface may have been
contaminated during the shift.
* Protective Coverings (such as plastic trash bags or absorbent
paper) are removed and replaced:
- As soon as it is feasible when visibly contaminated.
- At the end of the work shift if they may have been
contaminated during the shift.
* All trash containers, pails, bins, and other receptacles intended for
routine use are inspected, cleaned, and decontaminated as soon as
possible if visibly contaminated.
* Potentially contaminated broken glassware is picked up using
mechanical means (such as dustpan and brush, tongs, etc.).
Usually the District doesn't have regulated waste in its facilities. In the event of
an accident or injury which may cause contaminated dressings or regulated
waste, the responding medical professional will take the contaminated items with
the patient to the medical facility for proper disposal.
If the medical requirements of the District change, then proper disposal
procedures according to the OSHA guidelines will be implemented and the
Exposure Control Plan revised to address these needs.
SECTION V
HEPATITIS B VACCINATION,
POST-EXPOSURE EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP
29
30
HEPATITIS B VACCINATION,
POST-EXPOSURE EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP
The District recognizes that even with good adherence to all of the exposure
prevention practices, exposure incidents can occur. As a result, the District has
implemented a Hepatitis B Vaccination Program, as well as established
procedures for post-exposure evaluation and follow-up should exposure to
bloodborne pathogens occur.
A. VACCINATION PROGRAM
To protect the employees as much as possible from the possibility of Hepatitis B
infection, the District has implemented a vaccination program. This program is
available, at no cost, to all employees who have occupational exposure to
bloodborne pathogens.
The vaccination program consists of a series of three inoculations over a six-
month period. As part of their bloodborne pathogens training, the employees
have received information regarding Hepatitis vaccination, including its safety
and effectiveness.
After the initial vaccination program, the Director of Personnel is responsible for
setting up and operating the vaccination program.
Vaccinations are performed under the supervision of a licensed physician or
other healthcare professional. Employees taking part in the vaccination program
have their signed consent forms on file in the Personnel Office as well as a copy
in their personnel file. Employees who wish to decline the vaccination program
will sign a declination form. The declination forms will also be on file in the
Personnel Office with a copy placed in the employee's personnel file.
To ensure that all employees are aware of the vaccination program, it is
thoroughly discussed in the bloodborne pathogens training. The District is also
posting "Vaccination Program Notices" in prominent places throughout the
District.
B. POST-EXPOSURE EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP
If an employee is involved in an incident where exposure to bloodborne
pathogens may have occurred, there are two things that are the immediate focus
for action:
* Investigating the circumstances surrounding the exposure incident.
* Making sure that the employees receive medical consultation and
treatment (if required) as soon as possible.
31
The Principal or Site Supervisor along with the Safety Officer investigates every
exposure incident that occurs. This investigation is initiated within 48 hours after
the incident occurs and involves the following information:
* When the incident occurred.
- Date and time.
* Where the incident occurred.
- Location within the District.
* What potentially infectious materials were involved in the incident.
- Type of material (blood, etc).
* Source of the exposure.
* Under what circumstances the incident occurred.
- Type of work being performed.
* How the incident was caused.
- Accident.
- Unusual circumstances (such as equipment malfunction,
* Personal protective equipment being used at the time of incident.
* Actions taken as a result of the incident.
- Employee decontamination.
- Cleanup.
- Notification made.
After this information is gathered, it is evaluated, a written summary of the
incident and its cause is prepared and recommendations are made for avoiding
similar incidents in the future. A copy of the report and the summary is then sent
to the Assistant Superintendent, the Director of Employee Relations and the Risk
Manager.
In order to make sure that the employees receive the best and most timely
treatment, if an exposure to bloodborne pathogens should occur, the District has
set up a comprehensive post-exposure evaluation and follow-up process. This
process is overseen by the Risk Management Department.
The District recognizes that much of the information involved in this process
must remain confidential, and will do everything possible to protect the privacy of
the people involved.
32
As the first step in this process, an exposed employee is provided with the
following confidential information:
Documentation regarding the routes of exposure and circumstances
under which the exposure incident occurred.
* Identification of the source individual (unless infeasible or prohibited
by law).
* The District will offer access to medical consultation.
C. INFORMATION PROVIDED TO THE HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL
To assist the healthcare professional the exposed employee will provide the
following:
* A description of the exposure incident.
* The exposed employee's relevant medical information.
* Other pertinent information.
D. HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL WRITTEN OPINION
After the consultation, the healthcare professional provides the District with a
written opinion evaluating the exposed employee's situation. The District, in-turn,
furnishes a copy of this opinion to the exposed employee.
In keeping with this process and emphasis on confidentiality, the written opinion
will contain only certain information:
* Whether Hepatitis B Vaccination is indicated for the employee.
* Whether the employee has received the Hepatitis B Vaccination.
* Confirmation that the employee has been informed of the results of
* Confirmation that the employee has been told about any medical
conditions resulting from the exposure incident that require further
evaluation or treatment.
All other findings or diagnosis will remain confidential and will not be included in
the written report.
33
E. MEDICAL RECORDKEEPING
To make sure that the District has as much medical information available to the
participating healthcare professional as possible, the District maintains
comprehensive vaccination and exposure related medical records for its
employees. The Director of Personnel is responsible for setting up and
maintaining these records, which include the following information:
* Name and social security number of the employee.
* A copy of the employee's Hepatitis B Vaccination status.
- Dates of any vaccinations.
- Medical records relative to the employee's ability to receive
* Copies of the results of the examinations, medical testing and follow-
up procedures that took place as a result of an employee's exposure
to bloodborne pathogens.
* The employer's copy of the healthcare professional's written
opinion.
* A copy of the information provided to the healthcare professional.
As with all information in these areas the District recognizes that it is important to
keep the information in these medical records confidential. The District will not
disclose or report this information to anyone, within or outside the workplace,
without the employee's written consent (except as required by law).
It is also required that the District shall maintain these records for at least the
duration of employment plus thirty (30) years in accordance with the OSHA
guidelines.
34
35
SECTION VI
INFORMATION AND TRAINING
37
INFORMATION AND TRAINING
Having well informed and educated employees is extremely important when
attempting to eliminate or minimize the employee's exposure to bloodborne
pathogens. Because of this, all employees who have the potential for exposure
to bloodborne pathogens are put through a comprehensive training program and
furnished with as much information as possible on this issue.
Initial training was conducted during the 1993-94 school year. Employees will be
retrained at least annually to keep their knowledge current. Additionally, all new
employees, as well as employees changing jobs or job functions, will be given
any additional training their new position requires at the time of their new job
assignment.
Staff Development in conjunction with the Director of Personnel is responsible
for seeing that all employees receive this training.
A. TRAINING TOPICS
The topics covered in the training program include, but are not limited to, the
following:
* The bloodborne Pathogens standard itself.
* The epidemiology and symptoms of bloodborne diseases.
* The modes of transmission of bloodborne pathogens.
* The District's Exposure Control Plan (and where employees can
obtain a copy).
* A review of the use and limitations of methods that will prevent or
reduce exposure, including:
- Engineering controls.
- Work practice controls
- Personal protective equipment.
* Selection and use of personal protective equipment including:
- Types available.
- Proper use.
- Location within the facilities.
- Removal.
- Handling.
- Decontamination.
- Disposal.
* Information on the Hepatitis B Vaccine, including its:
- Efficacy.
- Safety.
- Method of administration
38
- Benefits of vaccination.
- The District's free vaccination program.
* Actions to take and persons to contact in an emergency involving
blood or other potentially infectious materials.
* The procedures to follow if an exposure incident occurs, including
medical consultation that the District will provide.
B. TRAINING METHODS
The District's training presentations make use of several training techniques
including, but not limited to, the following:
* Classroom type atmosphere with personal instruction.
* Videotape programs.
* Training manuals/employee handouts.
* Employee review sessions.
* Quiz
* A copy of the District written guidelines and policy for employees
and students.
C. RECORDKEEPING
The facilitate the training of the employees, as well as to document the training
process, the District maintains training records containing the following
information:
* Dates of all training sessions.
* Contents/summary of the training sessions.
* Names of the instructors.
* Names and job titles of the employees attending the training
sessions.
39
The District will use the forms entered in the "Sample Forms" section of this
document to facilitate recordkeeping.
Training records will be maintained for at least three (3) years from the date on
which the training occurred.
These training records are available for examination and copying to the
employees and their representatives, as well as OSHA and its representatives.
40
SECTION VII
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
OSHA CONSULTING OFFICES
The following is a directory of phone numbers for OSHA's state consultation
offices:
Alabama (205) 348-3033 Nevada (702) 688-1474
Alaska (907) 264-2599 New Hampshire (603) 271-3170
Arizona (602) 255-5795 New Jersey (609) 984-3507
Arkansas (501) 682-4522 New Mexico (505)827-2885
California (415) 703-4050 New York (518) 457-2481
Colorado (303) 491-6151 North Carolina (919) 733-3949
Connecticut (203) 566-4550 North Dakota (701) 221-5188
Delaware (302) 577-3908 Ohio (614) 644-2631
Florida (904) 488-3044 Oklahoma (405) 528-1500
Georgia (404) 894-8274 Oregon (503) 378-3272
Guam (671) 646-9244 Pennsylvania (412) 357-2561
Hawaii (808) 548-7510 Puerto Rico (809) 754-2171
Idaho (208) 385-3283 Rhode Island (401) 277-2438
Illinois (312) 814-2339 South Carolina (803) 743-9599
Indiana (317) 232-2688 South Dakota (605) 688-4101
Iowa (515) 281-5352 Tennessee (615) 741-7036
Kansas (913) 296-4386 Texas (512) 440-3834
Kentucky (502) 564-6895 Utah (801) 530-6868
Louisiana (504) 342-9601 Vermont (802) 828-2765
Maine (207) 289-6460 Virginia (804) 367-1986
Maryland (301) 333-4218 Virgin Island (809) 772-1315
Massachusetts (617) 727-3463 Washington (206) 586-0963
Michigan (517) 322-1809 Washington, D.C. (202) 576-6339
Mississippi (601) 987-3981 Wisconsin (health) (608) 266-8579
Montana (406) 444-6401 Wyoming (307) 777-7786
Nebraska (402) 471-4717
44
SECTION VIII
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
45
EMPLOYEE FACT SHEET
HEPATITIS - Hepatitis is a liver disease, initially resulting in possible
inflammation of the liver, and frequently leading to more serious conditions
including cirrhosis and liver cancer. In the United States there are approximately
300,000 new cases of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), the most prevalent form of
Hepatitis, every year. While there is no cure for Hepatitis B, a vaccine does exist
that can prevent infection.
HBV is most often transmitted through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes.
This usually occurs through needle sticks, human bites, or having infectious
material (such as blood or other body fluids) get into existing cuts or abrasions.
The symptoms of HBV infection are very much like a mild "flu". Initially, there is a
sense of fatigue, possible stomach pain, loss of appetite, and even nausea. As
the disease continues to develop, jaundice (a distinct yellowing of the skin) and a
darkened urine will often occur. However, people who are infected with HBV will
often show no symptoms for some time.
After exposure it can take 2-6 months for Hepatitis B to develop. This is
extremely important, since vaccinations begun immediately after exposure to the
virus can often prevent infection.
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS -Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the
"newest" of the major bloodborne diseases. HIV is spreading rapidly, and it is
estimated that by the end of 1992 over two million people in the U.S. were
infected.
Symptoms of HIV infection can vary, but often include:
- Weakness - Headaches
- Fever - Diarrhea
- Sore Throat - Other "flu-like" symptoms
- Nausea
However, many people with the HIV virus can show no apparent symptoms for
years after their infection.
In most cases, contracting the HIV virus ultimately leads to the development of
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This results in the breakdown of
the immune system, so the body does not have the ability to fight off other
diseases. Currently no vaccination exists to prevent infection of HIV, and there is
no known cure.
HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS B VACCINE INFORMATION
WHAT IS HEPATITIS B?
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). The
term "viral hepatitis" is often used for and may include hepatitis B and other
similar diseases which affect the liver but are caused by different viruses.
Acute hepatitis generally begins with mild symptoms that may or may not
become severe. These symptoms may include loss of appetite, a vague feeling of
oncoming illness, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, dark urine,
and jaundice (yellow eyes and skin). Skin rashes and joint pain can also occur.
In the United States about 300,000 persons, mostly young adults, are infected
with hepatitis B each year. About one-fourth of these will develop jaundice, and
more than 10,000 will need to be hospitalized. About 250 people die each year
from severe acute hepatitis B. Six to ten percent of all young adults who catch
hepatitis B become chronic carriers (have HBV in their blood for 6 or more
months) and may remain contagious to others for a long period of time. Infants
who catch hepatitis B are more likely to become carriers than adults. About one-
fourth of all carriers go on to develop "chronic active hepatitis." Chronic active
hepatitis may cause cirrhosis of the liver (liver destruction) and death due to liver
failure. In addition, HBV carriers are much more likely to develop cancer of the
liver from which an estimated 4,000 persons die each year.
The risk of becoming infected with hepatitis is higher in certain groups of people
because of their occupation, lifestyle, or environment. Vaccination may help to
prevent infection and potentially serious complications in these "at risk" groups.
HEPATITIS B VACCINE:
Hepatitis B vaccines are made two ways. (1) recombinant vaccines (the type you
will be receiving) are made from common baker's yeast cells through genetic
engineering. The yeast-derived vaccines do not contain human blood products
but may be allergenic to individuals allergic to yeast. (2) Plasma-derived
vaccines are made from HBV particles that have been purified from the blood of
Hepatitis B carriers. The method used to prepare the plasma-derived hepatitis
vaccine kills all types of viruses found in human blood, including the HIV virus
which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Hepatitis B vaccine
is given in three separate IM injections at 0, 1 and 6 months. After three doses,
the Hepatitis B vaccine is 85%-95% effective in preventing Hepatitis B infection in
those who received vaccine. An alternative schedule of 4 doses of vaccine is
effective for at least 7 years. Booster doses of vaccine are not routinely
recommended at the present time, but may be indicated in individuals with an
inadequate response to the initial series.
WHO SHOULD GET HEPATITIS B VACCINE?
The vaccine is recommended for persons at high risk of catching HBV infection
who are or may be unprotected.
ADDITIONAL VACCINES:
Hepatitis B vaccine is also recommended as part of the therapy used to prevent
hepatitis B infection after exposure to HBV. Post-exposure use of hepatitis B
vaccine is recommended for the following persons: (1) infants born to mothers
who have a positive blood test for hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAG); (2) persons
having accidents involving HBsAG-positive blood where there is entry through
the skin or a mucous membrane; (3) infants less than 12 months old whose
mother or primary care giver has HBV infection; and, (4) persons having sexual
contact with someone who has a positive blood test for HBsAG. The hepatitis B
vaccine series should be started at the same time as other therapy, primarily,
treatment with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG).
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS FROM THE VACCINE:
The recombinant vaccine is generally tolerated well. The most common side
effects are soreness at the site of injection and fever. Illnesses, such as
neurologic reaction, have been reported after vaccine is given, but hepatitis B
vaccine in not believed to be the cause of these illnesses. As with any drug or
vaccine, there is a rare possibility that allergic or more serious reactions or even
death could occur. No deaths, however, have been reported in persons who have
received this vaccine. Giving hepatitis B vaccine to persons who are already
immune or to carriers will not increase the risk of side effects.
PREGNANCY:
No information is available about the safety of the vaccine for unborn babies;
however, because the vaccine contains only particles that do not cause hepatitis
B infection, there should be no risk. In contrast, if a pregnant woman gets a
hepatitis B infection, this may cause severe disease in the mother and chronic
infection in the newborn baby. Therefore, pregnant women who are otherwise
eligible can be given hepatitis B vaccine.
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
1. Allergic reactions to yeast. Persons experiencing an allergic
reaction to the vaccine should not receive further injections.
2. Vaccination should be delayed in any persons with a fever or active
infection.
QUESTIONS:
If you have any questions about Hepatitis B or Hepatitis B vaccine, please ask a
medical professional prior to receiving your injection.
CLASSROOM BODY FLUIDS GUIDELINES
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Great concern has been expressed about the transmission of Hepatitis B and
AIDS in the school setting. Although there is no evidence either disease is
transmitted by casual person to person contact that occurs in most classroom
situations, organisms which may cause these and other diseases have been
found in body fluids (blood, urine, feces, saliva, vomitus and drainage from
wounds).
The potential transmission of disease through casual contact with body fluids of
an infected person is a theoretical possibility. This potential is increased if the
person exposed to infected body fluids has open lesions of the skin or mucous
membranes. The possibility of persons with no apparent symptoms having
infectious organisms present in body fluids must be recognized. It should be
noted that transmission of disease is more likely to occur in cases of
unrecognized carriers simply because precautions, such as hand-washing, are
not observed. It is therefore recommended that the following procedures be
followed when handling the body fluids of any person in the school setting:
1. Avoid direct contact with all body fluids (especially blood and body
fluids containing blood).
2. Do not expose yourself to body fluids without protection (wear
gloves).
3. If you are directly exposed to body fluids, wash the area immediately
and thoroughly with soap and water.
4. If you have sores, cuts, rashes, lesions, skin punctures, chapped
skin, etc., you must be especially cautions. If there is a possibility of
contact with body fluids, cover the area as a precaution (bandage,
gloves).
5. In case of human bite, wash the area immediately and thoroughly
with soap and water. If the skin is broken use a disinfectant also, but
do not use alcohol (or alcohol containing products). Alcohol can
make the blood sticky and clot and the virus can stay alive in the
blood clots.
6. Be accident prevention cautious and help students adopt a lifestyle
that includes a safety awareness.
7. Any symptoms of disease and illness (those involving body fluids
such as vomitus, diarrhea, etc.) need to be identified immediately
and removed from the area.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HANDLING BODY FLUIDS
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Great concern has been expressed about the transmission of Hepatitis B and
AIDS in schools. Although there is no evidence either disease is transmitted by
casual person-to-person contact that occurs in most classroom situations,
organisms which may cause these and other diseases have been found in body
fluids. (blood, urine, feces, saliva, vomitus, drainage from wounds).
The potential transmission of disease through casual contact with body fluids of
an infected person is a theoretical possibility. This potential is increased if the
person exposed to infected body fluids has open lesions of the skin or mucous
membranes. The possibility of persons with no apparent symptoms having
infectious organisms present in body fluids must be recognized. It should be
noted that transmission of disease is more likely to occur in cases of
unrecognized carriers simply because precautions, such as hand-washing, are
not observed.
It is, therefore, recommended that the following procedures to be followed when
handling the body fluids of any person in the school setting.
HANDWASHING - Remember there is no substitute for good hand-washing!
1. When (examples) -
a. Before and after eating activities or administration of
medication.
b. After using the restroom or assisting a student in restroom.
c. After contact with another person's body fluids - - blood,
saliva, nasal secretion, or other.
d. After removing gloves for the purpose of avoiding contact
with body fluids.
e. After cleaning up any surfaces or areas possibly
contaminated with body fluids.
2. Equipment -
a. Soap in Dispenser.
b. Paper Towels.
c. Running Water.
d. Waste Receptacle
3. Procedures -
a. Turn on water, regulate temperature, leave water running.
(Note: Sink and surrounding areas are contaminated. DO
NOT TOUCH ANY PART).
b. Apply soap to cover entire area of hands and wrists.
c. Add water as necessary to keep lather moist.
d. Continue washing hands and use friction for at least 30
seconds.
e. Rinse hands and wrists thoroughly with water flow directed
from wrist down to fingers.
f. Dry hands well.
g. Turn off faucets with paper towel.
h. Discard towel in waste receptacle.
SPECIAL NOTE: When personnel must care for students in areas not accessible
to water (bus field trips, etc.), antiseptic towelettes should be used.
DISPOSABLE NON-STERILE GLOVES
1. When (examples) -
a. Cleaning up blood spills, vomitus, etc.
b. Handling cloths, diapers, clothing, paper or other materials
or surfaces soiled with blood, urine, feces, vomitus.
c. Caring for bleeding or draining wounds.
SPECIAL NOTE; The wearing of gloves becomes even more important if the
person exposed to body fluids has cuts or abrasions on the hand.
2. Equipment -
a. Disposable non-sterile gloves.
b. Equipment needed for hand-washing.
3. Procedure -
a. Putting gloves on can be done at the convenience of wearer
b. Removal of gloves must be done carefully to avoid
contaminating hands with the outside of the soiled glove.
Remove gloves after discarding or disposing of
contaminated materials. Grasp the edge of the glove; unroll
the glove over the hand, discard glove in plastic waste bag.
WASH HANDS!
CONTAMINATED WASTE
Common forms of waste you will encounter that are not regulated but may still be
contaminated wastes that are likely to be found in schools include:
Sanitary napkins or pads
Diapers or clothing soiled from toileting accidents
Disposable gloves (not saturated with blood)
Discarded protective equipment (not saturated with blood)
Bandages (not saturated with blood)
Vomit
Although this waste is not generally considered to be regulated and can be
disposed of in normal garbage collections, it should be handled with care. Any of
these materials may be contained by using leak-proof, security sealed plastic
bags.
Related docs
Other docs by HC120216145935
The Effects of Listening Instructions and Cognitive Style on Music Appreciation
Views: 10 | Downloads: 0
