fMcsV Hkksiky] ik¡poh vuqlwph {ks=k esa 'kklu fo"k; ij ,d vukSipkfjd
bysDVªkWfud lkewfgd ppkZ vk;ksftr dj jgk gS ftldk eq[; fo"k; gS
vkfnoklh {ks=kksa esa fodsUnzhdj.k çfØ;k dks lqn`kuk
#i;k iSlk m/kkj nsus ds O;kikj ij fu;a=k.k
ou mit ¼bekjrh ydM+h dks NksM+dj½ dk çca/ku ,oa fu;a=k.k
eqís (Issues)
ik¡poha vuqlwph ds vuqlqfpr tutkfr {ks=k esa vkfnokfl;ksa ds vf/kdkj
mudh thfodk ds fy, gh vFkZ ugha j[krs gSa cfYd os bu {ks=kksa ds
fuokfl;ksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk ds fy, Hkh çklafxd gSA orZeku le; ds
fodsUnzhÑr 'kklu esa ç'kkldh; vuqHko vkSj fpark;s dqN vk/kkjHkwr
ç'uksa dks gekjs lkeus ykrh gSA D;k vkfnoklh laçnk; dks fo'ks"k
vf/kdkj nsus vko';d gS \ D;k ;s ç'kklu dj ldrs gS \ D;k ;kstukc) vkfFkZd
fodkl ds gksrs gq, muesa ç'kklu pykus dh {kerk gSA D;k buds 'kklu
pykus dh dqN lhek,a ¼limits½ gksuh pkfg,A ;fn vkfnoklh {ks=k esa os
'kklu pykus esa l{ke gks tkrs gS rks D;k bl ç.kkyh dks xSj vuqlwfpr
{ks=k esa ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrk \ bu ç'uksa ds nks igyw gSa igyk
orZeku vkfnoklh {ks=kksa esa çpfyr 'kklu ç.kkyh ls gS nwljk] ik¡poh
vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa ds vkfnoklh bykdksa ds fØ;kUo;u ls çkIr
vuqHkoksa dk gSA
vksdM+s O;ofLFkr djus ds cgqr lhfer ç;kl gq, gS ;gh fLFkfr Lo'kklu]
vkfFkZd fodkl] lkekftd U;k; ds lkFk&lkFk fo"k;ksa ij okn&fookn dh Hkh
gSA
vkfnoklh {ks=kksa dk ç'kklu xSj vkfnoklh {ks=kksa ds ç'kkluksa ls
fo'ks"k fHkUu ugha gS rkfd mls ,d vyx çdkj ds fo'ks"k ç'kklu dh laKk
çnku dh tk,A Hkw&jktLo ,oa Hkw&çcU/ku O;oLFkk] ou laj{k.k uhfr;k¡]
xzkeh.k fodkl dk;ZØe vkfn mlh çdkj bu {ks=kksa esa fØ;kfUor fd;s
tkrs gS ftl çdkj xSj vkfnoklh {ks=kksa esaA ifj.kkeLo#i ç'kkldh; ra=k
vkSj jktuSfrd usr`Ro ik¡poh vuqlwph {ks=k ds çfr laonsu'khyrk
¼Sensivity½ ugha n'kkZrkA
okLro esa ikapoh vuqlwph ds çko/kkuksa vkSj mleas fufgr fopkjksa
ds ckjs esa ç'kkldh; ra=k ,oa jktuSfrd usrkvksa esa cgqr de tkx#drk
gSaA
nwljk igyw iapk;r vf/kfu;e dk ik¡poh vuqlwfpr esa tuojh 98 ls fØ;kUo;u
djus ls lacaf/kr gSA xzke lHkk ,oa iapk;rsa dgk¡ rd ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ij
fu;a=k.k djus esa lQy jgh gS\ çkÑfrd lalk/kuksa ds çca/ku ds fy, fdl
çdkj dh e'khujh fodflr dh xbZ gS\ iapk;r ,oa xzke lHkk,a dgk¡ rd viuh
ijEijk,a vkSj jhfr&fjokt lajf{kr djus esa lQy gq, gS\ iakpoh vuqlwfpr
{ks=k ds ckjs esa fdl çdkj fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa iapk;r vf/kfu;e fØ;kfUor
gqvk gS\ buds ckjs esa tkudkjh djhc&djhc u ds cjkcj miyC/k gSA
'kkldh; ,oa xSj 'kkldh; vfHkdj.kksa ds vuqHko fyfic) ugha fd;s x, gSA u
gh mu ij vHkh rd O;ofLFkr rjhds ls 'kks/k fd;k x;k gSA
bl ppkZ lewg dk mís'; ftlesa çHkko'kkyh Hkkxhnkj gSa] Åij of.kZr
ç'uksa ij ppkZ dk l`tu djuk pkgrk gSA gekjk mís'; fofHkUu
fopkj/kkjkvksa ds yksxksa dks ,d eap ij yk dj ,df=kr djuk gS rkfd
ik¡posa vuqlwfpr {ks=k ds uhfr fu/kkZj.k vkSj çpfyr 'kklu O;oLFkkvksa
ij lkFkZd ppkZ gks lds gSA
fo"k; {ks=k ,oa ifjHkk"kk,a ¼Scope and Definition½
O;kid ppkZ djus ds fy, geus fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa ij /;ku dsfUær dj
fu/kkZfjr fd, gSaA ppkZ esa Hkkx ysus okys vius fopkj çdV djrs le;
fuEufyf[kr iSjkehVj ¼parameters½ dks /;ku esa j[kuk pkgsaxsA
**vkfnoklh** ,d le:i ¼homogenous½ lewg ugha gSaA gj vkfnoklh
lewg dh viuh vlk/kkj.krk ¼uniqueness½ gksrh gSa rFkk ijEijk,a
,oa jhfr&fjokt
vkfnoklh efgykvksa ls lacaf/kr eqís
lkeqnf;d LokfeRo ç.kkfy;k¡ ,oa dk;Zdyki çkÑfrd lalk/kuksa ds
mi;ksx ds lanHkZ esa
m|ksx ,oa O;olk; dk vkfFkZd ncko bu {ks=kksa dh laifÙk ¼ou]
[kfut inkFkks± vkfn½ ijA vkfnoklh {ks=kksa esa Lo'kklu ç.kkyh ]
mldk LFkku] orZeku jktuSfrd ,oa ç'kkldh;
esa
ou ,oa vkfnoklh laçnk;
lalk/ku muij fu;a=k.k ,oa çca/ku vkSj vkfnoklh
ikjEifjd Kku ,oa vkfnoklh
ikjEifjd 'kklu ç.kkyh] ik¡poh vuqlwph ,oa iapk;rh jkt laLFkk,¡
vkS|ksxhdj.k ,oa vkfnoklh
ik¡poh vuqlwfpr {ks=k esa uDlyh vkanksyu dk vH;qn; ,oa fodkl
'kkldh; ,oa v'kkldh; laLFkkvksa }kjk vkfnoklh {ks=kksa esa
igq¡pus ds ç;Ruksa ls çkIr fu"d"kZ
vkfnoklh lekt ,oa jktdh; ç'kklu dk laca/k
vkfnoklh mi;kstuk dh çklkafxdrk ,oa vko';drk vkSj mldk iapk;rksa
ls ,dhdj.k
fo'ks"k ç'u vkSj okn&fookn dh fo"k; oLrq ¼Theme½
ppkZ ,oa okn&fookn dh ;g çfØ;k vxys 12 eghuksa rd pysxhA
okn&fookn ls le;≤ ij mRié fo"k; baVjusV ij Mkys tkrs jgsaxsA çR;sd
eqík ,d ifjppkZ dh 'kDy esa çlkfjr fd;k tk,xkA
çFke ifjppkZ% iakposa vuqlwfpr {ks=k dh vko';drk
ifjppkZ dh #ijs[kk
ifjppkZ esa Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, okn&fookn lqxerk ls pykus ds fy, ekxZ
funsZf'kdk vko';d gS mlesa ls dqN fcUnqvksa ij çdk'k Mkyk tk jgk gS%
bl okn&fookn esa os O;fDr ftuds fopkj vkSj vuqHko gksa ds
Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, [kqyk gSA Hkkx ysus okysa lnL;ks esa ,sls u;s
lnL; tks blesa jpukRed lfØ; rjhds ls Hkkx ys lds os Hkh blesa Hkkx
ysus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd, tkosaxsA
jpukvksa esa ç'u ,oa eqís vFkok mudk mÙkj lekfgr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
os laf{kIr gksa ;fn muesa dqN vgZrk,a ¼qualifications½ fu/kkZfjr dh
xbZ gksa rks mYys[k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;s ,d gtkj 'kCnksa ls vf/kd dh
ugha gksuh pkfg, vkSj muds lkFk dksbZ layXu vfHkys[k ugh gksus
pkfg,A
jpuk ls lacaf/kr vfHkys[k dk;Z çxfr] MkVk] yEcs fooj.k vkfn ifjppkZ
website ds fy, crkSj layXu vfHkys[k Hksts tk ldrs gS rkfd tks yksx
mUgs download djuk pkgs os ,slk dj ldrs gSaA lc jpukvksa ij jpukdkj
dk iw.kZ uke fyfic) gksuk pkfg,A
fMcsV ,d oS;Drh u eap gS vkSj tks Hkh fopkj ,oa fopkj/kkjk;sa çkIr
gkasxh os Hkh oS;fäd gh gksuh pkfg,A
okn&fookn esa çkIr fopkj ,oa vkykspuk;sa ,d ekfld lekpkj i=k esa
ladfyr fd;s tk,xsa
ifjppkZ ds lekiu gksus ij tks fofHkUu eqís mHkjsxsa mUgsa ladfyr
,oa lefUor dj Hkkx ysus okys O;fDr;ksa dks mudh ,oa Working Paper
rS;kj dj mudh Hkkxhnkjh dh ljkguk djrs gq, Hkstk tkosxkA