قال الرسول الكريم:
المؤمن مرآة أخيه
رحم هللا من أهدى إلي
ّ
عيوبي
PREGNANCY
Medico legal aspects
Medico-legal importance:
1. In cases of rape.
2. When a woman is committed to death
3. In cases of divorce
4. widow may allege to be pregnant
5. Married women living apart from their
husbands
Diagnosis of pregnancy
Probable signs of pregnancy:
Breast signs
Abdominal wall signs
Vulva signs
Vaginal signs
Uterine signs
Sure signs of pregnancy:
1.Inspection of fetal movements after the 4th
month.
2.Palpation of fetal parts after the 4-month.
3.Auscultation of the fetal heart beats
between the 4th and 5th month.
Size of the uterus:
1. small orange
2. large orange
3. size of fetal head
umbilicus at the end of the 6th month
reaching the xiphoid at the end 9th M
4- Radiography of the fetus after the 5th
month
5- Ultra-sonography
6-The immunological test
Estimation of gestational period in livings:
palpating the level of the fundus
sonography.
Estimation of gestational
period in dead
Hess formula
length Before the 5th month = (month) 2
After 5th month = month x 5
2- DELIVERY
Medico-legal importance of delivery
1. when a widow alleges that she gave
birth to an infant
2. when a murdered newly born infant is
found
3. Interchange of infants
Signs of recent delivery
1. General signs of exhaustion
2. Breasts
3. Abdominal wall:
4. External genitals:
5. Lochia
6-External cervical os:
7-Ovaries:
8- Uterus
a) Immediately after delivery
b) One week after delivery
c) Two weeks after delivery
d) Six weeks after delivery
Five Day Post-partum Uterus
Signs of remote delivery in living
Breasts:.
Abdominal wall: Lax abdominal wall with linea
albicantes.
Perineum: Scars of old perineal tears.
Vagina: Smooth, dilated
Cervix: External cervical os is transverse (slit-
shaped)
ABORTION
Definition
ML conditions in which a female is
examined for sings of abortion
1. After a blow in a fight
2. Medical man gave abortifacient drugs
3. conceal abortion after being charged
with it
Types of abortion
1-Spontaneous abortion
Diseases of the mother
Diseases of the fetus
2-Induced abortion:
A) Therapeutic (lawful) abortion
Precautions before performance of
therapeutic abortion
Methods
A) D&C
B) Suction aspiration:
C) hysterotomy
B) Criminal (unlawful)
abortion
Methods of induction of criminal abortion
1. General violence
2. Local violence
3. Abortifacient drugs
Dangers of abortion
1- Neurogenic shock
2- Hemorrhage:
3- Embolism:
a) Air embolism:
passage of air opened placental sinuses.
b) Soap or glycerin embolisms.
c) Thrombo-embolism:
4- Acute poisoning.
5- Sepsis.
DIAGNOSIS OF ABORTION
Patient ’s consent
Signs of pregnancy
Signs of general violence
Signs of local violence
Laboratory investigations
Products of abortion
Egg Zygote-implantation Embryo Fetus Viability Birth Subject-of-a-life Person