MANY SHADES
O
F GREEN 2012
CALIFORNIA’S SHIFT
TO A CLEANER, MORE
PRODUCTIVE ECONOMY
Next 10 is aN iNdepeNdeNt, NoNpartisaN orgaNizatioN that
educates, eNgages, aNd empowers califorNiaNs to improve the
state’s future. Next 10 was fouNded iN 2003 by busiNessmaN aNd
phil aNthropist f. Noel perry. Next 10 is focused oN iNNovatioN
aNd the iNtersectioN bet weeN the ecoNomy, the eNviroNmeNt,
aNd qualit y of life issues for all califorNiaNs. we provide
critical data to help iNform the state’s efforts to grow the
ecoNomy aNd reduce global warmiNg emissioNs.
this report serves as a compaNioN to Next 10’s califorNia popul atioN
31,712,000
greeN iNNovatioN iNdex , aNd the aNalysis preseNted hereiN
1995
builds oN the greeN busiNess aNalysis published iN the iNdex
2009 37,077,000
siNce 2008. the iNdex tracks califorNia’s progress iN reduciNg
2010 37,318,000
greeNhouse gas emissioNs, implemeNtiNg iNNovative public
1 . 1% a a g r / 1 9 9 5 - 2 0 1 0
policy, geNeratiNg techNological aNd busiNess iNNovatioN, aNd 0.6% a agr / 2009-2010
growiNg busiNesses aNd jobs that eNable the traNsformatioN
1.
to a more resource-efficieNt ecoNomy.
total core greeN
employmeNt employmeNt
15,910,000 110,800
califorNia facts 1995
19,090,000
1995
174,800
1995–2010
2009 2009
2010 17,770,000 2010 169,800
12% chaNge / 1995-2010 53% chaNge / 1995-2010
-7 % c h a N g e / 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 0 -3% chaNge / 2009-2010
2.
maNufacturiNg coNstructioN professioNal,
jobs jobs scieNtific & tech
services jobs
1995 2,215,000 1995 751,000 1995 1,326,000
2009 1,987,000 2009 1,073,000 2009 1,736,000
2010 1,826,000 2010 1,002,000 2010 1,583,000
-1 8 % c h a N g e / 1 9 9 5 - 2 0 1 0 33% chaNge / 1995-2010
19% chaNge / 1995-2010
-8% chaNge / 2009-2010 -7 % c h a N g e / 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 0
-9% ch a Nge / 2009-2010
Gross Domestic
per capita ProDuct (GDP)
total gdp gdp grow th
gdp is a way of measuring
1995 $ 1.34 trillioN 1995-2010 2.5% 1995$ 42,200 the size of an economy,
and is calculated by
2009 $ 1.93 trillioN 2009-2010 1.3% 2009$ 51,200 summing the value added
2010 $ 1.95 trillioN 2010 $ 52,200 from all industries
in the economy.
3. 4.
1. Average Annual Growth Rate (AAG R) is the year-over-year growth rate,
otherwise known as compounded annual growth rate (CAG R). Data Source:
California Department of Finance
2. Date Source: Green Establishment Database. National Establishment
Time-Series (N ETS) Database
3. Inflation adjusted dollars (first half 2011) Data Sources: Moody’s Economy.com;
California Department of Finance
4. Average Annual Growth Rate (AAG R) is the year-over-year growth rate,
otherwise known as compound annual growth rate (CAG R)
c o N t eN ts
e x e c u t i v e s u m m a ry 2
c a l i f o r n i a’ s G r e e n e c o n o m y 4
The Adaptive Green Economy 7
Occupations in California’s Green Economy 11
The Core Green Economy 14
The Value Chain 17
reGional Distribution anD trenDs 21
Bay Area 22
Los Angeles Area 24
Orange County 26
San Diego Region 28
Sacramento Area 30
Inland Empire 32
San Joaquin Valley 34
Central Coast 36
Sacramento Valley 38
North Coast 40
Sierra Region 42
conclusion 44
appenDix 46
e n D n ot e s 48
2012 many shades of green 1
exe c ut i v e s u m ma ry
the california core Green economy reflected greater resilience
employmeNt growth relative to 1995
than the california economy as a whole during the recent
2009- 2010
recession. reflecting the brunt of the economic downturn, 170
the total economy slumped by seven percent while the core 160 C O RE G RE E N
+ 53 %
Green economy contracted by three percent from January 150
-3%
100 = 1995 values
2009 to 2010. over the long term, January 1995 to 2010, the 140
total economy grew by 12 percent while jobs in the core Green
130 TOTA L E C O N O MY
economy increased by 53 percent. in other words, while the + 12 %
120
downturn reset core Green employment back to 2008 levels, -7%
110
total state employment was set back to 2001 levels. (page 14)
100
W
• hile statewide Core Green employment fell by three percent in 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010
the last observable year, the San Diego Region, the Bay Area and Next 10 MaNy ShadeS of GreeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
the Sacramento Area have shown the greatest resilience, each with
losses of less than two percent from January 2009 to 2010.
B
• etween 1995 and 2010, Core Green employment expanded in the
Sacramento Area by 113 percent and in the Bay Area by 76 percent, the core greeN ecoNomy coNsists of
followed by the San Diego Region (+65%) and Orange County busiNesses that provide the products aNd
services that:
(+62%).
• provide alterNatives to carboN-based
A
• s the products and services of the Core Green Economy spread eNergy sources
across the rest of the economy, new occupations emerge and • coNserve eNergy aNd all Natural resources
existing occupations are increasingly taking on “green” tasks. • reduce pollutioN aNd repurpose waste
employment and business growth varies across the 15 green
growth 2009-10
industry segments and despite the dampening effects of
Energy Infrastructure +14%
the economic downturn, job gains were witnessed in energy
Advanced Materials +4% infrastructure, advanced materials, clean transportation, and
Clean Transportation +1% energy Generation. (page 14)
Energy Generation +1% E
• mployment in Energy Infrastructure grew by 14 percent from
January 2009 to 2010. Over the single year, statewide employment
core greeN ecoNomy -3% in Advanced Materials expanded by four percent while Clean
total ecoNomy -7% Transportation and Energy Generation grew by one percent each.
W
• ith over 1,200 jobs in 2010, Clean Manufacturing & Industrial
Support jobs expanded 2.6 times over 1995. Energy Generation
employment has more than doubled in 16 years totaling nearly 47,000
jobs in 2010. Clean Transportation expanded 119 percent over the
long term, totaling 6,800 jobs in 2010. Advanced Materials reported
the fastest employment growth rate from 1995 to 2010, expanding by
322 percent from a small base to 900 jobs in 2010.
2 e x ec utive s u m mary
value chain activities in california’s core Green economy are
maNufacturiNg employmeNt
diverse, and the impact of the economic downturn has varied
relative to 1995
across the different sectors. (page 17)
2 0 0 9 - 2 0 10
16 0
T
• wenty-seven percent of jobs in the Core Green Economy are 1%
15 0 CA G R E E N MAN U FACTU RI N G
in Manufacturing, while the share is only ten percent in the total
14 0
economy. Manufacturing was also the only element of the value
100 = 1995 values
13 0
chain with recent growth, expanding by one percent from January CA TOTAL E MP LOYMEN T
12 0
2009 to 2010.
-7%
1 10
B
• usiness Associations as well as Finance & Investment and CA TOTAL MAN U FACTU RIN G
10 0
Installation are leading in long-term job growth, all more than 19 9 5 2000 2005 2009 201 0
90
doubling in employment size since 1995. - 8%
80
W
• hile Research & Development has doubled since 1995, jobs
dropped ten percent over the recent period. Next 10 MaNy ShadeS of GreeN. Data Source: Green Establishment
Database, National Establishment Time-Series (N ETS) Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
The California economy was hit hard in the recent economic
eNergy productivity downturn but the extent of job losses varies by industry. One of the
relative to eNergy coNsumptioN (trillioN btu)
300 characteristics of the current downturn has been the difficultly all
gdp (millioNs of first half 2011 dollars)
250 CALIFORNI A
businesses have had in accessing the capital needed to grow and
make new investments in equipment upgrades and new products.
200
REST OF U.S . Businesses, households and others see the opportunity for improving
150
resource efficiencies (and reducing resource expenditures), yet acting
100 on these choices is constrained by financial markets and market
50 uncertainty related to the public policy environment and the financial
0 crisis. These uncertainties hold back growth in the businesses
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 that provide the products and services that improve efficiencies in
the consumption of all natural resources. The application of these
Next 10 MaNy ShadeS of GreeN. Data Source: U.S. Department of
Energy, Energy Information Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce,
products from the Core Green Economy helps improve the productivity
Bureau of Economic Analysis. Analysis: Collaborative Economics of resources consumed, reduces waste and alleviates costs
associated with pollution. As a result, consumers save money and
businesses improve their competitive edge and that of the economy
as a whole.
2012 many shades of green 3
califorNia’s
green ecoNomy
e x p lo ri N g ca l i fo rNi a’s t raN sfo rmi N g eco N o my
The global economy entered into a substantial downturn in the businesses, households and the public sector to make
latter part of 2007. Some parts of the world, such as China, the needed investments in clean energy installations,
India, and Brazil, have continued to grow over this period energy efficiency, and other means for reducing negative
though at slower rates than before. The recovery across the environmental impacts (including greenhouse gas
United States has been uneven and further constrained by emissions) and raising the productivity of energy and
tight financial markets. When banks do not lend to small and all natural resources.
medium sized businesses, these businesses cannot make
As businesses, residents, and public entities reel from rising
needed capital investments, launch building projects, or
resource prices, growing price volatility, and diminishing
expand production. Without access to capital, the economy
financial resources, they seek out new ways of cutting costs
cannot grow and pull itself out of the economic downturn.
as a buffer against this growing uncertainty. When consumers
The recession officially lasted from December 2007 to
seek out new types of products and new ways of doing
June 2009, yet the U.S. economy and California economy
things, creative entrepreneurs see new markets to serve.
continue to drag.
This shift to greater resource productivity translates into
In this context, the world is still facing sizable challenges that greater economic competitiveness as we improve our ability
were present before the downturn. These include rising prices to do more with less.
and increasing volatility for energy and natural resources.
While California’s overall economy is lagging the nation’s
This has been driven primarily by growing global demand
recovery, the state shows signs of recovery, economic
from emerging economies for limited resources. A case in
growth and greater resource productivity. California’s forward-
point is the fact that oil prices have not dropped following
thinking public policy record has served to support the growth
the slowdown of the U.S. economy, but continued to rise as
of markets related to clean energy and related products.
surplus supplies have easily found new markets outside our
In addition, the state is home to some of the world’s most
borders. As populations continue to grow more prosperous,
innovative entrepreneurs and research centers. Further, the
the demand for all resources will continue to rise.
state benefits from its population of early adopters of new
Regardless of our economic health, the impacts of climate technology. These combined forces drive the innovation
change are increasingly felt and loom larger in the distance. process and place the state at the forefront of the growing
Climate change not only threatens our costal populations global green economy.
through rising sea levels, it also changes weather patterns,
As consumer habits change, they stimulate new markets and
disrupting global agricultural production and diminishing the
new business activity. As new technologies emerge, they can
world’s major sources of fresh water from rainfall and glaciers.
create greater positive impacts for the environment as well
Preparing for these changes is not without cost, but waiting
as the economy. By raising efficiency standards, streamlining
to react to the real impacts of climate change would be much
permitting, offering incentives, and providing creative forms of
more costly.1
financing, smartly crafted public policy can reinforce and even
The economic crisis is making the climate crisis that much speed these vital dynamics.
more challenging to address given the lack of capital for
4 c a l i f o r n i a’ s g r e e n e c o n o m y
the g r ee N e c o N o my a N d i ts mult i p le facets
THE ADAPTIVE
GREEN
ECONOMY
Businesses:
• Founded on principles of sustainability
• Transforming processes and products to improve resource
efficiency and reduce negative environmental impacts THE
THE CORE
REST
• Supporting transformation across the supply chain
GREEN Households, Nonprofits and Public Entities:
OF THE
ECONOMY • Changing consumption habits
• Improving resource efficiency
ECONOMY
Businesses that provide the products Businesses, Households,
and services that: Nonprofits and Public Entities
• Provide alternatives to carbon-based energy operating business-as-usual
• Conserve energy and all natural resources
• Reduce pollution and repurpose waste
WHAT IS PRODUCED
AND PROVIDED
HOW THINGS ARE
PRODUCED AND OPERATED
2012 many shades of green 5
the growing green economy is about both the Also included in the Adaptive Green Economy are new
emergence of new industries and the transformation businesses founded on principles of sustainability. From
of existing industries. there are multiple facets to the the outset, these companies develop their products with
changes underway, and they are interrelated. consideration for the entire product lifecycle. Examples
include Tom’s of Maine toothpaste and Method cleaning
The economy consists of economic actors that are operating
products. The success and resiliency of companies in the
business-as-usual and those that are adapting to their new
Adaptive Green Economy will signal to other companies
circumstances. Those committed to business-as-usual will
across the economy to consider their own transformation
eventually be priced out of existence as prices for energy and
to sustainable business practices. The jobs in the
all natural resources continue to rise.
adaptive economy are an important aspect to the overall
Other economic actors are seeking out new products and transformation, because as with information technology
new ways of doing things in order to improve the resource (IT), jobs using IT are far greater in number than the jobs
efficiency of their own operations, and they make up creating IT.
the “adaptive Green economy.” The Adaptive Green
The core Green economy provides the products and
Economy includes businesses, households, and public sector
services that enable the transformation toward a cleaner,
organizations that are changing their processes to improve
more efficient and more competitive economy. the core
sustainability, reduce costs or anticipate regulatory changes.
Green economy consists of businesses that provide
These entities are reexamining their processes and investing
the products and services that:
in fundamental changes in their operations, as well as
encouraging their suppliers to do likewise. Examples include • Provide alternatives to carbon-based energy sources
the efforts of large corporations including Staples, Walmart • Conserve energy and all natural resources
and FedEx to significantly improve their own energy and • Reduce pollution and repurpose waste
resource efficiency and to set standards for their suppliers to
follow suit. An added component of these efforts, besides the The Core Green Economy represents a diverse mix of
public relations value for the company, is the public awareness industries including novel technologies as well as tried
that is raised about actionable cost-effective measures. The and tested products. These include energy generation and
actions of these companies and others demonstrate that efficiency as well as transportation and water efficiency. The
transitioning away from business-as-usual and to the Adaptive 15 green segments of the Core Green Economy are described
Green Economy is good for the bottom line. 2 This is not only on page 20.
evident in the growing activities of business associations but As these changes progress, demand for clean technology
also in the growing course offerings related to sustainability at grows. This will yield positive environmental outcomes as well
business schools. 3 as new opportunities for business and employment growth.
Public policy can spur this development by creating markets
for clean technology.
6 c a l i f o r n i a’ s g r e e n e c o n o m y
the adaptiv e
green ecoNomy
As businesses, households and the public sector look for The results revealed that between 2009 and 2010, across
ways to buffer against the uncertainty of rising energy prices, nearly all industry sectors, 263,000 employees spent at least
growing volatility and constrained capital markets, they 50 percent of their time in one of the five “green activities.”
are buying the products and services from the Core Green Statewide, Manufacturing represented the largest share, 26
Economy and becoming more resource productive. As the percent (68,490 jobs) of these jobs. By industry, Utilities
operations adapt within a business or an entire industry, accounted for the sector with the highest percentage of jobs
employees take on new tasks. This change is taking place with “green activities,” reporting that 26 percent of all utilities’
across all sectors of the economy and at varying degrees. employees spend at least half the time on “green activities.” The
Mining, Quarrying & Extraction industry has the second largest
The California Employment Development Department’s Labor
share of jobs that involve “green activities” with ten percent.
Market Information Division surveyed California employers to
find out how “green activities” are penetrating the economy.
e N e r gy p r o d u c t i v i t y / g d p r e l at i v e t o t o ta l e N e r gy c o N s u m p t i o N
300
eNergy productivity: gdp (millioNs of first half 2011 dollars)
CALI FO R N I A
250
relative to eNergy coNsumptioN (trillioN btu)
200
R E ST O F T HE U.S .
150
100
50
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 7
c a l i f o r N i a’ s a da p t i v e gr e e N ec o N o m y
e m p l o y e e s s p e N d i N g at l e a s t h a l f t h e i r t i m e o N g r e e N a c t i v i t i e s
30%
17,120
25%
UTILITIES
perceNtage of total iNdustry employmeNt
20%
15%
MINING, QUARRYING
& EXTRACTION
1,060
AGRICULTURE,
10%
FORESTRY,
FISHING & HUNTING
M A N U FA C T U R I N G
25,360 68,490
ADMINISTRATIVE &
WASTE MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION
5%
SERVICES
29,350
TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC
WAREHOUSING ADMINISTRATION
19,730
WHOLESALE & EDUCATIONAL
RETAIL TRADE SERVICES 7,200 22,780 13,140
31,070 8,330
5,170
0
PROFESSIONAL,
2,920 1,880 ACCOMMODATION, SCIENTIFIC, 1,330
INFORMATION FOOD & & TECHNICAL FINANCE, INSURANCE
HEALTH CARE & ENTERTAINMENT
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SERVICES & REAL ESTATE
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Note: Survey data collected from May 2009 to January 2010. Source: California Employment Development Department,
Labor Market Information Division. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
8 c a l i f o r n i a’ s g r e e n e c o n o m y
a N h e u s e r b u s c h / m a N u fa c t u r i N g
Located in Fairfield, Anheuser Busch Brewery has expanded its eco-friendly operations. In October 2011, the plant
increased its green power supply with the installation of a wind turbine. The Plant General Manger estimates the turbine
could provide 20 percent of the electricity for the brewery, in addition to four percent generated from its 6.5 acres of
solar panels. The Anheuser Busch Brewery uses a Bio Energy Recovery System to generate more than 15 percent
of the brewery’s fuel needs by capturing nutrients in brewing wastewater for conversion into biogas. The facility also
features a steam recovery project to heat water in the brew house, efficient boiler burners and air compressors, and a
lighting upgrade replacing old fixtures with energy efficient gear and timers. Honored more than a dozen times for waste
reduction, the Fairfield facility recycles more than 99 percent of its solid waste.
webcor builders / coNstruct ioN
As an award-winning leader in sustainable green building, Webcor Builders has been providing clients with efficient, high-
performance buildings since the mid-1990s. Webcor Builders has established its leadership in sustainable and green
building practices by using fewer building materials and strict environmental practices on site. Webcor also calculates a
buildings’ carbon footprint from design to finish, employs green office practices and its green building code expertise, and
uses sustainable building materials and hi-tech innovation. To date, Webcor has constructed over 15 million square feet of
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) buildings. Webcor leads by example, fostering an industry-wide
culture of environmental responsibility and awareness through San Francisco’s Green Building Task Force. Webcor is also
one of the founding members of the Center for the Built Environment at the University of California, Berkeley.
s a c r a m e N t o m u N i c i pa l u t i l i t y d i s t r i c t / u t i l i t i e s
Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) is dedicated to helping customers reduce their carbon footprint as well as
electricity costs. SMUD has programs in place to help both residential customers and businesses calculate their energy
consumption and predict how much they could save with energy efficient appliances. SMUD also educates customers
on conservation and energy efficient remodeling and offers rebates and incentives for products such as LED lighting,
recycling refrigerators, clothes washers and dishwashers.
SMUD continues to help customers become more efficient users of energy, promotes the use of renewable resources
like the wind and sun, and reduces the amount of greenhouse gases produced locally.
p o r t o f l o s a N g e l e s / t r a N s p o r tat i o N
Since committing to the Clean Air Action Plan in November 2006, the Port of Los Angeles has significantly cut its
emissions. Using electric trucks, an environmental management system, and water quality improvement initiatives as well
as implementing many other procedures, the Port of Los Angeles has seen a 69 percent reduction in diesel particulate
matter, a 76 percent reduction in sulfur oxide emissions, and a drop of 48 percent in carbon monoxide emissions among
other achievements.
Through the Port of Los Angeles Air Quality Mitigation Incentive Program, a partnership has formed with the California
State University Long Beach (CSULB) Foundation to develop and test a new seawater scrubber vessel system. This system
has the potential to reduce emissions by as much as 85 percent, even as cargo volumes rise.
u N i t e d s tat e s N av y / p u b l i c s e c t o r
The U.S. Armed Forces are adapting to new, more productive ways, and the U.S. Navy is committed to reducing reliance on
fossil fuels. For example, Tributyl tin-free hull and propeller coatings and stern flaps are being used to reduce drag and trim
loop boiler control systems to optimize the amount of energy used to create steam for shipboard applications. All U.S. Navy
warships have equipment onboard to compress and store all plastics, process biodegradable materials for safe discharge,
and keep oil waste out of the ocean. The Navy is cleaning up bases that have been impacted by past operations.
The Navy is actively developing and participating in energy, environmental and climate change initiatives that will increase
use of renewable energy. The military’s geothermal program is managed by the Geothermal Program Office located in
Southern California. Their mandate is to oversee exploration for — and development of —geothermal resources wherever
they occur on lands under the control of any of the nation’s military services.
2012 many shades of green 9
adapting and creating new value Looking specifically at electricity purchases of manufacturing
When we improve energy efficiency, we can do more while establishments relative to GDP, California has consistently
consuming less. This is so for a household, public office, or experienced higher electricity productivity than the national
business. When a business can produce its products while average. This measure expresses the amount of value created
spending less on energy, cash saved can be invested in new for every dollar spent on electricity by manufacturing plants.
machinery and equipment, research, or hiring new employees. California’s electricity productivity in manufacturing has
Improving energy efficiency is good for gaining a competitive increased 21 percent from 1992 to 2007. More recently,
advantage as a business as well as an economy. California’s electricity productivity in manufacturing improved
13 percent from 2002 to 2007, while dropping by ten
For an economy, energy productivity can be measured by
percent in the rest of the nation. In other words, California
dividing total energy consumption by the gross domestic
manufacturers generated nearly $44 in new value for every
product (GDP). Growth in energy productivity equates to
dollar spent on manufacturing electricity, $13 more than
more dollars of GDP generated per unit of energy consumed.
manufacturers in the rest of the nation.
California is 64 percent more productive with its energy than
the rest of the country. Energy productivity has been on the
rise in both California (+37%) and the rest of the country
(+35%) since 1990.
e l e c t r i c i t y p r o d u c t i v i t y i N m a N u fa c t u r i N g /
g d p f r o m m a N u fa c t u r i N g r e l at i v e t o t o ta l e l e c t r i c i t y p u r c h a s e s
50
CALIFORNIA
gdp relative to total electricity purchases iN maNufacturiNg
45
REST OF THE U.S.
40
35
30
25
20
15
0
19 9 2 1997 2002 2007
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Note: Manufacturing excludes publishing firms for 1992 data due to differences in SI C and NAI CS classifications.
Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007 and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
10 c a l i f o r n i a’ s g r e e n e c o n o m y
occupatioNs iN califorNia’s
green ecoNomy
As green activities increase across the entire economy, of these occupations range from $27,000 to $200,000 and
companies providing the products and services required higher in the first quarter of 2011.
for improving resource productivity and reducing negative
In response to real changes in the economy, the information
environmental impacts will benefit. As a result, jobs related to
on occupational statistics collected and reported by the
green activities will grow. In some cases, existing occupations
Federal government is expanding in order to reflect the
will expand to include new tasks. In other cases, entirely new
emergence of new occupations and the increasing demand
occupations will emerge.
and changing skill sets of existing occupations related to
In most cases, the types of jobs associated with producing new green business activities in the economy. Of the existing
products in the Core Green Economy will also be associated occupational codes, occupations related to “green” activities
with using these products in the rest of the economy as have been ordered by the U.S. Department of Labor’s National
businesses adapt to becoming more resource productive. Center for O*NET Development into three categories: Green
These occupations range from Ph.D. scientists and engineers Increased Demand Occupations, Green Enhanced Skills
to a variety of technicians requiring two-year training as well Occupations, and Green New and Emerging Occupations.4
as support occupations offering on-the-job training. The O*NET report describes the categories as follows:
Some occupations are experiencing new demand in the labor _Green increased Demand occupations: The impact of
market such as Electricians, Electrical Power Line Installers & green economy activities and technologies is an increase in
Repairers, Environmental Scientists, and Industrial Machinery the employment demand for an existing occupation. However,
Mechanics. In some cases, the skills and tasks associated this impact does not entail significant changes in the work
with an existing occupation are expanding to encompass the and worker requirements of the occupation. The work context
tasks related to new technology and regulations. These include may change, but the tasks themselves do not.
Supply Chain Managers, Operations & Building Managers,
Fuel Storage Technicians, Architects, Energy Infrastructure _Green enhanced skills occupations: The impact
Engineers, and Sustainable Agriculture Specialists. of green economy activities and technologies result in a
significant change to the work and worker requirements of an
In addition to existing occupations, entirely new occupations
existing occupational code. This impact may or may not result
are emerging. New positions, such as Chief Sustainability
in an increase in employment demand for the occupation.
Officer or Energy Auditor, target newly recognized needs for
The essential purposes of the occupation remain the same,
improving resource efficiencies and managing sustainability
but tasks, skills, knowledge, and external elements, such as
more broadly. In other cases, entirely new occupations are
credentials, have been altered.
appearing that are specific to the installation and application
of new technology such as Solar Photovoltaic Installers, _Green new and emerging occupations: The impact of
Biofuels Processing Technicians, Biomass Production green economy activities and technologies is sufficient to
Managers, Methane/Landfill Gas Generation System create the need for unique work and worker requirements,
Technicians, Solar Thermal Installers & Technicians, and which results in the generation of a new occupational code.
Fuel Cell Technicians. This new occupation could be entirely novel or “born” from
an existing occupation.
Education and work experience requirements span short-term
on-the-job training to postsecondary vocational awards and The following tables illustrate examples in each of
long-term on-the-job training. The median annual earnings these categories.
2012 many shades of green 11
gr eeN iNc r e ase d de maNd occupatioNs
q1 2011 mediaN
occupatioNal title educatioN & traiNiNg
aNNual earNiNgs
electrical and electronic equipment assemblers $32,492 Short-term on-the-job training
engine and other machine assemblers $36,838 Short-term on-the-job training
industrial truck and tractor operators $36,422 Short-term on-the-job training
cement masons and concrete finishers $49,895 Moderate-term on-the-job training
Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic $37,281 Moderate-term on-the-job training
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
$35,162 Moderate-term on-the-job training
metal and plastic
mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders $33,602 Moderate-term on-the-job training
insulation Workers, floor, ceiling, and Wall $49,725 Moderate-term on-the-job training
operating engineers and other construction equipment operators $64,666 Moderate-term on-the-job training
production, planning, and expediting clerks $49,040 Moderate-term on-the-job training
structural metal fabricators and fitters $38,122 Moderate-term on-the-job training
Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers $78,805 Long-term on-the-job training
electricians $60,284 Long-term on-the-job training
industrial machinery mechanics $55,225 Long-term on-the-job training
power Distributors and Dispatchers $78,864 Long-term on-the-job training
structural iron and steel Workers $56,875 Long-term on-the-job training
chemical technicians $46,234 Associate degree
electronics engineering technicians $62,846 Associate degree
forest and conservation technicians $39,552 Associate degree
chemical engineers $108,178 Bachelor's degree
chemists $82,385 Bachelor's degree
commercial and industrial Designers $66,873 Bachelor's degree
industrial engineers $90,966 Bachelor's degree
industrial safety and Health engineers $87,937 Bachelor's degree
materials scientists $89,632 Bachelor's degree
occupational Health and safety specialists $76,698 Bachelor's degree
natural sciences managers $152,552 Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
environmental scientists and specialists, including Health $75,880 Master's degree
Hydrologists $94,267 Master's degree
architectural Drafters $55,675 Postsecondary vocational award
electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment $57,914 Postsecondary vocational award
refrigeration mechanics and installers $50,992 Postsecondary vocational award
solderers and brazers $39,684 Postsecondary vocational award
agricultural inspectors $47,450 Work experience in a related occupation
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers $69,109 Work experience in a related occupation
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Production and Operating Workers $58,958 Work experience in a related occupation
industrial production managers $103,223 Work experience in a related occupation
12 c a l i f o r n i a’ s g r e e n e c o n o m y
gr eeN eNhaNce d ski lls occupatioNs
q1 2011 mediaN
occupatioNal title educatioN & traiNiNg
aNNual earNiNgs
construction laborers $40,646 Moderate-term on-the-job training
roofers $47,408 Moderate-term on-the-job training
machinists $40,666 Long-term on-the-job training
agricultural technicians $35,297 Associate degree
electrical engineering technicians $62,846 Associate degree
environmental engineering technicians $58,580 Associate degree
Geological sample test technicians $94,603 Associate degree
industrial engineering technicians $52,814 Associate degree
architects, except landscape and naval $92,300 Bachelor's degree
civil engineers $96,312 Bachelor's degree
construction managers $111,688 Bachelor's degree
electrical engineers $100,527 Bachelor's degree
environmental engineers $91,394 Bachelor's degree
mechanical engineers $92,150 Bachelor's degree
General and operations managers $129,920 Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Geoscientists, except Hydrologists and Geographers $85,671 Master's degree
urban and regional planners $81,053 Master's degree
bus and truck mechanics and Diesel engine specialists $48,589 Postsecondary vocational award
Heating and air conditioning mechanics and installers $50,992 Postsecondary vocational award
construction and building inspectors $71,001 Work experience in a related occupation
sales representatives, Wholesale and manufacturing,
$88,005 Work experience in a related occupation
technical and scientific products
e xa m pl es of ot her occupatioNs i N gre e N e stabli shme Nts
q1 2011 mediaN
occupatioNal title educatioN & traiNiNg
aNNual earNiNgs
regulatory affairs specialists $70,877 Long-term on-the-job training
automotive engineering technicians $56,377 Associate degree
precision agriculture technicians $50,083 Associate degree
robotics technicians $51,710 Associate degree
biochemical engineers $104,003 Bachelor's degree
energy auditors $72,111 Bachelor's degree
logistics analysts $80,179 Bachelor's degree
remote sensing scientists and technologists $105,245 Bachelor's degree
Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers $146,610 Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
chief sustainability officers $201,006 Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Green marketers $105,258 Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Water resource specialists $152,552 Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
climate change analysts $75,880 Master's degree
environmental economists $104,307 Master's degree
transportation planners $78,348 Master's degree
biofuels production managers $103,223 Work experience in a related occupation
brownfield redevelopment specialists and site managers $123,793 Work experience in a related occupation
recycling coordinators $47,638 Work experience in a related occupation
solar energy installation managers $75,797 Work experience in a related occupation
solar sales representatives and assessors $88,005 Work experience in a related occupation
2012 many shades of green 13
the core green ecoNomy
california’s core Green economy showed signs of total employment in the state dropped seven percent yet
greater resilience that the california economy as a employment in the Core Green Economy dropped by just
whole during the recent economic crisis. The Core Green three percent.
Economy provides the products and services that enable the The economy is large and diverse, and the impact of the
transformation toward a cleaner, more efficient and more recent economic downturn varies by industry. All industry
competitive economy. The businesses that make up the sectors, except for Manufacturing, have maintained
Core Green Economy have consistently outpaced the state’s employment above 1995 levels. In comparison with the major
total economic growth. Over the long term, employment in sectors, the Core Green Economy has made the largest
the Core Green Economy increased 53 percent, while the strides in employment growth since 1995, and benefited
total economy expanded by only 12 percent from January from one of the lowest rates of contraction in the most recent
1995 to 2010 in California. From January 2009 to 2010, observable year.
e m p l oy m e N t g r o w t h r e l at i v e t o 1 9 9 5 / c a l i f o r N i a
2009-2010
160
-3%
150 CORE GREEN / + 53 %
TOTAL ECONOMY CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYMENT / + 33 %
employmeNt growth relative to 1995 (100 = 1995 values)
TOTAL ECONOMY / + 12 %
140 TOTAL ECONOMY MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT / -18 %
-7%
130
120
110 -7%
100
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
90
-8%
80
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
14 c a l i f o r n i a’ s g r e e n e c o n o m y
Despite the recent economic downturn, reflected by an overall Growth in the Core Green Economy varies across the fifteen
employment decline in both Core Green and total economy, green segments (detailed on page 20). Over a 16-year
several Core Green sectors added jobs. From January 2009 period, Energy Generation and Air & Environment have
to 2010, employment expanded in Energy Infrastructure experienced the largest employment gains. These two
(+14%), Advanced Materials (+4%), Energy Generation segments combined contributed over 32,900 jobs statewide
(+1%) and Clean Transportation (+1%). since 1995. Advanced Materials, Clean Manufacturing &
Industrial, and Energy Infrastructure reported the largest
Across California’s eleven economic regions, outcomes vary.
percent gains in employment from 1995 to 2010, far
Over the long term, the Core Green Economy has outpaced
exceeding average job growth in both the Core Green
total economic growth in all but the Sierra Region. While
Economy and the economy as a whole.
statewide green employment fell by three percent in the
most recent observable year, the San Diego Region, the Bay Many of these sizeable and rapidly growing sectors continued
Area and the Sacramento Area have shown the greatest to thrive in recent years. While most industries, green or
resilience with losses of less than two percent from January not, suffered employment losses from January 2009 to
2009 to 2010. 2010, as mentioned earlier, this was not the case for Energy
l e a d i N g c o r e g r e e N s e g m e N t g r o w t h r e l at i v e t o 1 9 9 5 / c a l i f o r N i a
2009-2010
450
ADVANCED MATERIALS / +322% +4%
400 ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE / + 197 %
employmeNt growth relative to 1995 (100 = 1995 values)
ENERGY GENERATION / + 1 2 1%
CLEAN TRANSPORTATION / + 119%
350 CORE GREEN / + 53 %
TOTAL ECONOMY / + 12 %
+14%
300
250
+1%
+1%
200
+3%
150
-7%
100
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 15
Infrastructure, Advanced Materials, Clean Transportation, concentrations in Finance & Investment, Advanced Materials,
and Energy Generation. Jobs were created in each of these Energy Infrastructure, and Clean Manufacturing & Industrial.
segments amidst tough economic conditions. Additionally, In each of these segments, employment is at least 2.6 times
employment in these segments has at least doubled since more concentrated than in the state as a whole. Clean
1995. Energy Infrastructure employment expanded by 14 Transportation activity is highly concentrated in the Inland
percent in a single year, with the addition of nearly 300 jobs Empire and Orange County. The San Diego Region is leading
statewide in 2010. the state in Energy Infrastructure, while the Sacramento
Area is strong in Green Building. The Sacramento Valley,
The trends and composition of the Core Green Economy
Sierra Region, and North Coast are clear leaders in
varies across California’s eleven regions (defined on the inside
Agriculture Support. The following sections will provide further
back cover). High concentration of activity in green segments
insight into the unique regional stories across the state’s
regionally is leading to the development of world-class
eleven economic regions.
industry hubs statewide. The Bay Area excels in nearly all
green segments and features the state’s highest employment
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / c a l i f o r N i a
200,000 09-10
A D VA N C E D M AT E R I A L S +4%
BUSINESS SERVICES
C L E A N M A N U FA C T U R I N G &
INDUSTRIAL
E N E R G Y I N F R A S T R U C T U R E +14%
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T
150,000
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
E N E R GY STO R AG E
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N +1%
GREEN BUILDING
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R
employmeNt
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
100,000
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
50,000
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N +1%
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
16 c a l i f o r n i a’ s g r e e n e c o n o m y
the value chaiN
California is home to many companies that are driving Research & Development, Manufacturing, Suppliers, Installers,
technological advancements in products and services that Sales, Service providers, and Public Education Services. All of
will enable the entire economy to transition to clean energy these roles are represented to varying degrees in California’s
sources, improve resource efficiencies, and reduce pollution. Core Green Economy, which means there exist: 1) wide-ranging
From the point of conception until delivery to the consumer job opportunities across the skills spectrum, and 2) strong
and the maintenance over the lifetime of the product, there potential for continued green business growth building on a
are many distinct activities that take place in the economy. diverse business base rich with interrelated competencies.
In addition to viewing the Core Green Economy by green High-value services and manufacturing make up the bulk
segment, that is, by the field of application of products and of businesses comprising California’s Core Green Economy.
services, businesses can also be viewed by their primary Thirty-eight percent of employment was attributed to
functions along the production value chain. These roles include establishments classified as Services in 2010. Manufacturing
e m p l oy m e N t a l o N g t h e va l u e c h a i N / c a l i f o r N i a
20 0 , 0 0 0
B U S I N E S S A S S O C I AT I O N
SALES
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
P U B L I C E D U C AT I O N /
S E R V I C E O R G A N I Z AT I O N
RESEARCH &
15 0 , 0 0 0 DEVELOPMENT
SUPPLIER
I N S TA L L AT I O N
employmeNt
10 0 , 0 0 0 M A N U FA C T U R I N G
SERVICES
50,000
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 17
activity comprises 27 percent of the employment in the Core Investment and Installation employment remained fairly stable,
Green Economy, compared with ten percent in California’s declining by one percent each. The largest losses took place
total economy. in Research & Development and Public Education & Service
Organizations which contracted by ten percent and 12 percent
Some value chain sectors have grown faster than others.
respectively. However, Research & Development jobs in the
Growing at the same rate as the Core Green Economy as a
long-run nearly doubled since 1995 with the addition of more
whole, Manufacturing employment expanded by 53 percent
than 2,100 jobs.
since 1995. One of the fastest growing sectors of the value
chain, Installation, reported employment levels 2.7 times By green segment, Manufacturing and Services hold the
greater in 2010 than in 1995. Finance & Investment, Sales, largest employment shares, with varied representation among
and Research & Investment exhibited impressive growth in the remaining value chain sectors. Energy Generation, the
the long-run view. largest green segment, is comprised chiefly of Installation and
Manufacturing jobs which account for 40 and 35 percent,
In the most recent observable period, January 2009 to
respectively. This is also the only green segment
2010, Manufacturing was the only value chain sector with
with employment spanning all value chain activities.
employment gains, inching up by one percent. Finance &
va l u e c h a i N e m p l oy m e N t by s e g m e N t / c a l i f o r N i a , 2 0 1 0
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R
B U S I N E S S A S S O C I AT I O N
GREEN BUILDING
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N I N S TA L L AT I O N
M A N U FA C T U R I N G
E N E R GY STO R AG E
P U B L I C E D U C AT I O N /
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY S E R V I C E O R G A N I Z AT I O N
RESEARCH &
A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T DEVELOPMENT
SALES
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
SERVICES
E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E SUPPLIER
C L E A N M A N U FA C T U R I N G &
INDUSTRIAL
BUSINESS SERVICES
A D VA N C E D M AT E R I A L S
0 10 , 0 0 0 20, 000 30, 000 40, 000 50,000
employmeNt
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
18 c a l i f o r n i a’ s g r e e n e c o n o m y
Service jobs dominate in Air & Environment, accounting for Environment. Clean Transportation accounts for 20 percent of
83 percent of segment employment. Recycling & Waste Research & Development. This is second to only Research &
employment is split almost exclusively between Supplier and Advocacy which features 35 percent of R&D employment in
Services positions. Energy Efficiency is diverse in value chain the Core Green Economy.
activities and includes employment in Manufacturing (41%),
Compared to the total economy, Manufacturing in the Core
Installation and Services (23% each), and smaller portions
Green Economy has outpaced total manufacturing and
in Supplier, Sales, and Research & Development. Nearly
total employment for the state over the long term and most
half of Energy Storage employment in the state is in
recently. Illustrated in the chart below, Manufacturing in the
Manufacturing activities.
Core Green Economy expanded 53 percent from 1995 to
Looking at roles in the value chain, Manufacturing employment 2010 and one percent over the most recent period. Total
is concentrated in Energy Generation (36%), with significant manufacturing in the state dropped by 18 percent over the
shares in Energy Efficiency (16%), Clean Transportation 16-year period and by eight percent in from January 2009 to
(10%) and Water & Wastewater (10%). A staggering two 2010. California’s economy as a whole expanded 12 percent
thirds of Installation employment is in Energy Generation, with over the 16-year period and dropped seven percent over the
the remainder falling primarily in Energy Efficiency and Air & last observable year.
m a N u fa c t u r i N g e m p l oy m e N t r e l at i v e t o 1 9 9 5 / c a l i f o r N i a
2009-2010
16 0
califorNia maNufacturiNg employmeNt relative to 1995 (100 = 1995 values)
CA GREEN MANUFACTURING / + 53 %
1%
15 0 CA TOTAL EMPLOYMENT / + 12 %
CA TOTAL MANUFACTURING / - 18%
14 0
13 0
12 0
11 0 -7%
10 0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
90
-8%
80
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database, National Establishment Time-Series (N ETS) Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 19
the fift eeN s egm eNts of the core gre e N e coNomy
greeN segmeNt descriptioN
• Renewable energy generation (all forms of solar, • Renewable energy consulting services
wind, geothermal, biomass, hydro, marine and tidal, • Associated equipment, controls, and other
energy Generation hydrogen, co-generation) management software and services
• Research and Testing in renewable energy
• Energy conservation consulting and engineering • Alternative energy appliances (solar heating,
energy efficiency • Building efficiency products and services lighting, etc.)
• Energy efficiency research • Energy efficiency meters and measuring devices
• Alternative fuels (biodiesel, hydrogen, feedstock-neutral ethanol infrastructure)
clean transportation
• Motor vehicles & equipment (electric, hybrid, and natural gas vehicles, diesel technology)
• Advanced batteries (Li-Ion, NiMH) • Fuel cells
energy storage
• Battery components and accessories
• Environmental consulting (environmental engineering, • Emissions monitoring and control
air & environment sustainable business consulting) • Environmental remediation
• Consulting services • Recycling machinery manufacturing
recycling & Waste • Recycling (paper, metal, plastics, rubber, bottles, • Waste treatment
automotive, electronic waste and scrap)
• Water conservation (control systems, meters and • Research and testing
Water & Wastewater measuring devices) • Consulting services
• Development and manufacturing of pump technology • Water treatment and purification products/services
• Sustainable land management and business • Sustainable supplies and materials
agriculture support consulting services • Sustainable aquaculture
• Organizations and research institutes focused on advancing science and public education in the
research & advocacy
areas of: renewable energy and alternative fuels and transportation.
• Environmental law legal services • Green staffing services
business services
• Green business portals • Green marketing and public relations
• Emission trading and offsets • Project financing (e.g. solar installations, biomass
finance & investment facilities, etc.)
• Venture capital and private equity investment
advanced materials • Bioplastics • New materials for improving energy efficiency
• Design and construction • Site management
Green building
• Building materials • Green real estate and development
clean manufacturing & • Advanced packaging • Industrial surface cleaning
industrial support • Process management and consulting
energy infrastructure • Consulting and management services • Cable and equipment
20 c a l i f o r n i a’ s g r e e n e c o n o m y
regioNal
distributioN
and treNds The Core Green Economy is present in every region in
California, and each region has its own areas of specialization.
t o ta l c o r e g r e e N e c o N o m y / p e r c e N t c h a N g e i N e m p l oy m e N t f r o m 1 9 9 5 t o 2 0 1 0
e m p l o y m e N t c o N c e N t r at i o N b y r e g i o N r e l at i v e t o c a l i f o r N i a , j a N u a r y 2 0 1 0
%
Core Green economy Job Growth
% 1995-2010 (January)
+16% -1%
NORTH
COAST +46% SIERRA
REGION
2010 employment Concentration
in total Core Green economy
(a value of 1.0 indicates employment
concentration equal to the state average)
S AC R A M E N TO
VA L L E Y Less than 1.0
+113% 1.0 to 1.1
+76% S AC R A M E N TO
AREA
1.2 to 1.3
More than 1.3
B AY
AREA
-1%
SIERRA
+22% REGION
SAN JOAQUIN
VA L L E Y
+12%
CENTRAL
+31%
+43%
COAST
INLAND EMPIRE
LOS ANGELES
AREA
ORANGE
COUNTY +65%
+62% SAN DIEGO REGION
Next 10 maNy shades of greeN.
Data Source: Green Establishment Database
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 21
bay ar ea
Recognized globally as a powerhouse of green innovation, the Bay Area represents 28 percent of employment and 27 percent
of businesses in California’s Core Green Economy. With the addition of nearly 20,600 jobs since 1995, employment in green
sectors has increased 76 percent. Total Bay Area employment has expanded only six percent. Weakening numbers in the total
economy in the Bay Area were mirrored on the state level where Core Green employment fell three percent and businesses ten
percent. This means that while suffering, the Bay Area’s Core Green Economy is holding out better than the state as a whole.
From January 2009 to 2010, green industries in the Bay Area suffered modest contractions; roughly 840 jobs were lost and
350 businesses closed, representing a two and nine percent decline respectively. In contrast, the Bay Area economy as a whole
experienced a seven percent decline in employment and a 14 percent decline in establishments.
Despite the overall losses, Energy Infrastructure expanded 23 percent, gaining 290 jobs. Energy Generation, Advanced
Materials, Water & Wastewater, and Clean Transportation all reported employment growth. Air & Environment accounted for
the greatest losses, shrinking 12 percent in employment and 16 percent in establishments.
The largest segment in the Bay Area’s Core Green Economy, Energy Generation accounts for 25 percent of green jobs
and 22 percent of green businesses. Employment increased one percent in 2010, and the number of businesses dropped
as consolidation continues in this segment. Since 1995, Energy Generation has added 7,200 jobs to the region’s Core
Green Economy.
The Bay Area accounts for 30 percent of California’s employment in Clean Transportation. Since 1995, employment has
doubled, adding over 1,400 jobs. Clean Transportation’s growth in the region is driven mainly by the Alternative Fuels industry
which has grown 15-fold since 1995. Experiencing a five percent increase in jobs between 2009 and 2010, the Alternative
Fuels industry has made strides in the Bay Area while other segments have receded.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / b ay a r e a
09-10
50,000 A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T
A D VA N C E D M AT E R I A L S +8%
BUSINESS SERVICES
C L E A N M A N U FA C T U R I N G &
INDUSTRIAL
E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E +23%
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
40,000 WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R +1%
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N +1%
E N E R GY STO R AG E
GREEN BUILDING
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
30,000
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
20,000
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
10,000 E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N +1%
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
22 R E G I O N A L D I S T R I B U T I O N A N D T R E N D S B Ay A R E A
r e g i o n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d t r e n d s : b ay a r e a
eNergy geNeratioN jobs / bay area
bay area employment
15,000 HYDROGEN
MARINE & TIDAL percent change
RESEARCH & TESTING
1995- 2009-
ADVANCED BATTERIES core green 1995 2009 2010
2010 2010
CO-GENERATION
12,000 HYDR O employment 27,200 48,700 47,800 76% -2%
GEOTHERMAL
BIOMASS
ENERGY RESEARCH establishments 2,100 3,800 3,500 67% -9%
ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT
9,000 & CONTROLS
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
WIND
ENERGY CONSULTING
MULTIPLE SYSTEMS
6,000 SOLAR
advaNced aNalogic
3,000 techNologies, iNc.
EnErGy EffICI EnCy
0
Headquartered in Silicon Valley,
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Advanced Analogic Technologies
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
develops advanced power
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
management semiconductors.
AnalogicTech is committed to
powering innovation through
increased energy efficiency, flexible
power management options, and less
design complexity. Their innovations,
such as the ModularBCD, TrenchDMOS
cleaN traNsportatioN jobs / bay area fabricators, and process and packing
technologies, have played a critical role
2,500 in system design and have powered
some of the most creative consumer
products today.
2,000 LOGISTICS
M OTO R V E H IC L E S &
EQUIPMENT AnalogicTech has expanded its
operations to China and now has Asia
1,500
based operations and logistics. With its
MASS TRANSIT
EQUIPMENT total employment of over 275 people,
1,000 AnalogicTech is leading the way in
energy efficient power management
A LT E R N AT I V E F U E L S
semiconductors.
500
w w w.a nal o g i c te c h.com
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 23
lo s aN g el e s a rea
With 21 percent of jobs and businesses, the Los Angeles Area represents a significant portion of California’s Core Green
Economy. Until 2010, growth in the Los Angeles Core Green Economy had been steady. From 1995 to 2010, there have been
large gains in Core Green employment. During this time, Core Green employment in Los Angeles grew 31 percent, adding
approximately 8,200 jobs. Despite recent losses, the Core Green Economy is still outperforming the overall economy of the Los
Angeles region which saw a nine percent decline in employment and a 16 percent decline in establishments.
Employment growth in Water & Wastewater has defied the effects of a weak economy, growing 11 percent from January 2009
to 2010 and adding 170 jobs. Agricultural Support had a gain in both employment and establishments while other segments
experienced jobs loss. Recycling & Waste, Air & Environment and Energy Efficiency are large industries in the Los Angeles Area
that suffered losses in both jobs and businesses. In the last year, employment in the three sectors contracted by nine percent.
Energy Generation accounts for 25 percent of Core Green employment in Los Angeles and bucked general trends by adding
almost 420 jobs (a 5% growth rate) between January 2009 and 2010. Comprising 82 percent of jobs in Energy Generation,
Solar is by far the largest and one of the most prolific subsegments. Its seven percent gain in 2010 reflects the addition of more
than 480 jobs. Since 1995 the Solar industry has added over 4,300 jobs and almost 280 businesses to the Los Angeles region.
Energy Storage employment in the Los Angeles region is diverse with positions in Advanced Batteries, Fuel Cells as well as
Hybrid Systems. Between January 2009 and 2010 Energy Storage experienced a three percent decline in jobs. Employment
in larger segments like Fuel Cells and Advanced Batteries remained relatively flat in the most recent year, but has shown solid
growth since 1995. Over 16 years, Advanced Batteries jobs doubled, and Fuel Cell employment increased by 19 percent.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / l o s a N g e l e s a r e a
09-10
40,000 A D VA N C E D M AT E R I A L S
A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T +13%
C L E A N M A N U FA C T U R I N G &
INDUSTRIAL
E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
BUSINESS SERVICES
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
30,000 GREEN BUILDING
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R +11%
E N E R GY STO R AG E
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
20,000 R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
10,000
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N +5%
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
24 R E G I O N A L D I S T R I B U T I O N A N D T R E N D S : LO S A N G E L E S A R E A
eNergy geNeratioN jobs / l o s a N g e l e s a r e a
los aNgeles employmeNt
10,000 RESEARCH & TESTING
HYDROGEN perceNt chaNge
MARINE & TIDAL
1995- 2009-
AC C E S S O RY E Q UI P M E N T greeN
core green 1995 2009 2010
2010 2010
& CONTROLS
8,000 G E OT H E R M A L
employmeNt 26,600 36,000 34,800 31% -4%
BIOMASS
E N E R GY M A N AG E M E N T
E N E R G Y C O N S U LT I N G establishmeNts 2,000 3,200 2,800 41% -13%
A D VA N C E D B AT T E R I E S
6,000 HYDRO
WIND
M U LT I P L E S Y S T E M S
SOLAR
4,000
epd coNsultaNts
2,000 WATEr & WA sTEWAT Er
From their headquarters overlooking
0
the Port of Los Angeles, EPD
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Consultants creates sustainable
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
water systems and solutions. EPD
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Consultants designs custom water
reuse systems while providing
expertise in sustainable development
technologies with emphases in
decentralized wastewater treatment
and reuse, green building systems,
watershed planning, storm water
eNergy storage jobs / l o s a N g e l e s a r e a management, aquaculture, agriculture,
and marine systems. Their services
2,500 also include feasibility studies, storm
HYB RI D SYST E M S water management, stream and
UNINTERRUPTIBLE
P O W E R S U P P LY lake restoration, wetland and pond
2,000
B AT T E R Y C O M P O N E N T S
& ACCESSORIES
landscaping systems as well as civil
OT H E R engineering for land development,
FUEL CELLS
1,500 roadways, drainage, utilities and
public facilities.
1,000 A D VA N C E D B AT T E R I E S
www.epd-net.com
500
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 25
oraNg e co u N t y
While maintaining its ten percent share of California’s Core Green Economy, Orange County experienced losses in both
jobs and businesses between January 2009 and 2010. During that time, Orange County saw a two percent decline in Core
Green employment and a nine percent decline in businesses. The Core Green Economy fared better compared to the region’s
overall economy which saw a nine percent decline in employment and a 16 percent decline in establishments. Despite recent
downturns, Orange County’s Core Green Economy has experienced regular growth in almost every year since 1995. Overall
more than 6,800 jobs and 530 establishments have been added to the region’s Core Green Economy.
A historically strong driver of growth in Orange County’s Core Green Economy, Energy Generation added 120 jobs and
expanded by three percent from January 2009 to 2010. Advanced Materials and Manufacturing & Industrial are relatively
small segments, but have experienced high growth in the most recent year. Employment in Advanced Materials and Clean
Manufacturing & Industrial expanded by six and 44 percent, respectively, over the last observable 12 months, and both have
more than doubled in employment since 1995.
Energy Efficiency is the third largest green segment in Orange County. Like Clean Transportation, Energy Efficiency’s small
overall growth obscures more dynamic action. While research and consulting were hit hard, sub segments that produce concrete
goods seemed to fare better. Making up (in total numbers) for the job loss in research and consulting, Solar Appliances &
Devices, Lighting, and Energy Conservation Products all added jobs. Combined, these three segments grew 12 percent from
January 2009 to 2010 and added nearly 110 job opportunities.
Faring better than the region’s Core Green and overall economy from January 2009 to 2010, Clean Transportation experienced
modest growth of less than one percent. However, nominal job growth within the segment actually represented more substantial
action occurring in its subsegments. Motor Vehicles & Equipment, the largest sub segment, experienced four percent job
growth over the course of the year. Combined with Mass Transit Equipment, the two subsegments compensated for losses in
Alternative Fuels. Since 1995, Clean Transportation employment has grown by more than a factor of four.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / o r a N g e c o u N t y
09-10
20, 000 A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T
BUSINESS SERVICES
C L E A N M A N U FA C T U R I N G & +44%
INDUSTRIAL
A D VA N C E D M AT E R I A L S +6%
E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
E N E R GY STO R AG E +2%
15, 000
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N +.05%
GREEN BUILDING
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R +1%
10, 000
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY +.03%
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N +3%
5, 000
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
26 R EG I O NAL D I STR I B UTI O N AN D TR E N D S: O R AN G E C O U NTy
eNergy efficieNcy jobs / o r a N g e c o u N t y
oraNge couNt y employmeNt
2,500 E N E R G Y C O N S E R VAT I O N
S O F T WA R E
perceNt chaNge
E N E R GY R E S E A R C H
METERS & MEASURING core green
greeN 1995 2009 2010 1995- 2009-
DEVICES 2010 2010
2,000 OT H E R employment 10,900 18,200 17,800 62% -2%
E N E R G Y C O N S E R VAT I O N
PRODUCTS
M AC H I N E RY establishments 700 1,400 1,200 74% -9%
1,500
LIGHTING
SOLAR APPLIANCES
1,000 & DEVICES
t3 motioN, iNc.
500 E N E R G Y C O N S E R VAT I O N
C O N S U LTA N T ClEA n TrA nsp orTAT Ion
Considered an innovator of battery
0
electric vehicles, T3 Motion, Inc. is
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 a Costa Mesa-based company that
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
engages in the design, manufacture, and
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
marketing of personal mobility vehicles
powered by electricity. Founded in 2006,
the company’s primary products are
the T3 Series, the CT Micro Car, and the
R3. The T3 Series is an electric stand-up
cleaN traNsportatioN jobs / o r a N g e c o u N t y vehicle (ESV) designed specifically for
public and private security personnel
1,200 that is powered by a quiet zero-gas
MASS TRANSIT
EQUIPMENT emission electric motor. The CT Micro
Car is a compact, highly energy-efficient,
A LT E R N AT I V E
1,000 FUELS low-speed vehicle also designed for
public and private security firms. Finally,
800 M OTO R V E H IC L E S the R3 is a brand new two passenger
& EQUIPMENT
BEV convertible with the ability to
accelerate to speeds of up to 70 mph and
600
has a range of 80-100 miles per charge.
400 T3 Motion is a leader in electric vehicle
innovation in Southern California. Their
commitment to clean energy is evident
200
in their mission to provide technology
that benefits both personal and
0
professional users and the environment.
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20 w w w.t 3 m ot i o n.c o m
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Note: The employment increase in 2007 is due to
a single company in Motor Vehicles & Equipment. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 27
saN di eg o r egioN
The San Diego Region is one of California’s most vibrant, concentrated centers of the Core Green Economy. While the region
accounts for nine percent of the state’s total employment, it represents 12 percent of the state’s jobs in the Core Green
Economy. From January 2009 to 2010 San Diego’s Core Green Economy experienced a loss of one percent, but fared better
than the overall economy where employment fell by five percent. The decline in green employment over the course of the last
12 months represents the first time since 2001 that the region has seen retraction in its Core Green Economy.
The overall trends in employment and business growth in the San Diego Region were reflected to varying degrees across
the Core Green segments. Notable exceptions to the overall decline occurred in Clean Transportation (+28%), Energy
Infrastructure (+9%), Water & Wastewater (+3%), and Green Building (+1%) from January 2009 to 2010. These four
segments added a combined 260 jobs which helped to partially offset the losses in the most recent observable year.
Energy Generation comprises 42 percent of employment in San Diego’s Core Green Economy. Although segment employment
declined by one percent between January 2009 and 2010, the Solar subsegment made modest gains. Solar added over 50 jobs
in 2010 which is a two percent improvement over last year. Employment in larger subsegments like Multiple Systems, Hydro and
Accessory Equipment & Controls held steady over the last observable 12 months.
Between January 2009 and 2010, Clean Transportation employment expanded by 28 percent. Since most other segments
experienced losses or only minor gains, Clean Transportation’s job and establishment growth were strong. Both sub segments,
Alternative Fuels and Motor Vehicles & Equipment experienced significant employment increases. In 2010, Alternative Fuels
added nearly 130 jobs (+31%) and Motor Vehicles & Equipment added almost 50 jobs (+22%).
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / s a N d i e g o r e g i o N
2 5 , 0 00
09-10
BUSINESS SERVICES
C L E A N M A N U FA C T U R I N G &
INDUSTRIAL
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
A D VA N C E D M AT E R I A L S
20,000 A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T
E N E R GY STO R AG E
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E +9%
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N +28%
GREEN BUILDING +1%
15,000 E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R +3%
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
10,000
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N
5 , 0 00
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
28 R EG I O NAL D I STR I B UTI O N AN D TR E N D S: SAN D I EG O R EG I O N
eNergy geNeratioN jobs / s a N d i e g o r e g i o N
saN diego employmeNt
10,000 RESEARCH & TESTING
C O - G E N E R AT I O N perceNt chaNge
BIOMASS
A D VA N C E D B AT T E R I E S 1995- 2009-
greeN
core green 1995 2009 2010
2010 2010
G E OT H E R M A L
8,000 E N E R G Y C O N S U LT I N G
E N E R GY M A N AG E M E N T employmeNt 12,400 20,800 20,500 65% -1%
WIND
AC C E S S O RY E Q UI P M E N T
& CONTROLS establishmeNts 690 1,300 1,200 72% -10%
6,000 HYDRO
SOLAR
4,000 M U LT I P L E S Y S T E M S
circle biodiesel
2,000 & ethaNol
corporatioN
0 ClEA n TrA nsp orTAT Ion
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Founded in La Jolla in 2006, Circle
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Biodiesel & Ethanol Corporation
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
develops technology and
manufactures equipment for biodiesel,
ethanol and methane industries
worldwide. At the forefront of the
industry, their patented biofuel
technology includes a suction dredge
system and method. They have patents
cleaN traNsportatioN jobs / s a N d i e g o r e g i o N pending for extracting oil from algae,
producing human food from Jatropha,
800 and self-contained biofuel production
M OTO R V E H IC L E S &
EQUIPMENT and water processing apparatus.
700
Dedicated to advancing renewable and
600 LOGISTICS sustainable biofuels and food, Circle
500 A LT E R N AT I V E F U E L S Biodiesel & Ethanol Corporation has
MASS TRANSIT EQUIPMENT
created the Zero Waste Alternative
400 Energy Village, incorporating algae
production and harvesting, ethanol
300
and biodiesel production from the
200 algae fiber and oil, and even methane
from the unprocessed material left
100
over from operations.
0
www.circlebio.com
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 29
sac r am e N to a r ea
Since 1995, Sacramento’s Core Green Economy has grown at a faster pace than every other region in the state, represented
by a 113 percent increase in employment. In addition to its rapid growth, Core Green employment is highly concentrated in the
region, 43 percent higher than the statewide average. Compared to the economy as a whole, growth in Core Green employment
is far outpacing growth of total employment in the Sacramento Area recently and in the long run. Employment in the total
economy fell by four percent in the most recent observable year and declined by two percent in the Core Green Economy. Since
1995, the Sacramento Area has gained approximately 7,700 new job opportunities in the Core Green Economy.
Green Building and Agricultural Support are highly concentrated in the Sacramento Area’s Core Green Economy, with
establishment shares 1.7 times higher than the state average. While holding stable in the most recent year, Green Building has
also stimulated the Sacramento Area’s green economy with employment growing five-fold since 1995. From 1995 to 2010,
there have been over 2,500 new jobs created in Air & Environment, a 155 percent increase.
Energy Generation represents over a quarter of the Sacramento Area’s Core Green employment. Despite the slight two percent
decrease in the last year, employment and establishments grew substantially from 1995 to 2010 and added nearly 2,800 jobs
and 130 new businesses. Within Energy Generation, the solar industry represents a regional strength. Though the industry’s
employment fell by six percent over the last observable year, Solar makes up nearly 70 percent of employment in Energy
Generation and has nearly quadrupled in employment since 1995.
Business activity related to Energy Efficiency products and services is highly concentrated and diverse in the Sacramento
Area. Within Energy Efficiency, Machinery accounts for nearly half of segment employment, creating a nine percent increase
in employment from 2009 to 2010 and adding more than 70 new job opportunities. Employment in Lighting has increased
substantially in the long run, expanding from only a few jobs in 1995 to over 220 in 2010.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / s a c r a m e N t o a r e a
09-10
15,000 E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E
A D VA N C E D M AT E R I A L S +4%
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
BUSINESS SERVICES
E N E R GY STO R AG E +18%
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY +3%
12,000 A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T +13%
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R +2%
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
GREEN BUILDING +.05%
9,000
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N
6,000
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
3,000
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Note: The growth in Air & Environment in 2006 is due to the creation of a single company
Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
30 R E G I O N A L D I ST R I B U T I O N A N D T R E N D S : S AC R A M E N TO A R E A
eNergy geNeratioN jobs / s a c r a m e N t o a r e a
sacrameNto area employmeNt
4,000 E N E R G Y C O N S U LT I N G
BIOMASS perceNt chaNge
HYDRO
3,500 G E OT H E R M A L core greeN 1995 2009 2010 1995-
2010
2009-
2010
E N E R GY M A N AG E M E N T
AC C E S S O RY E Q UI P M E N T employmeNt 6,800 14,700 14,500 113% -2%
3,000 & CONTROLS
WIND
EstablishmEnts 600 1,100 1,000 72% -8%
2,500 M U LT I P L E S Y S T E M S
2,000 SOLAR
1,500
1,000 autocell
electroNics, iNc.
500
EnErGy EffICI EnCy
0
From their corporate headquarters
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 in Sacramento, AutoCell Electronics
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
has specialized in the design and
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
manufacture of high quality energy
efficient light bulbs and LED lights
since 2000. Their main product is the
compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) which
is designed to replace incandescent
light bulbs. Compact fluorescent
lamps give the same amount of
eNergy efficieNcy jobs / s a c r a m e N t o a r e a visible light while using only a fifth
of the power it would take to light
2,500 E N V I R O N M E N TA L a normal light bulb. They are also
C O N S U LT I N G
GLASS designed to last eight to 15 times as
METERS & MEASURING
DEVICES
long as a normal light bulb and do not
2,000 E N E R GY R E S E A R C H
generate as much heat. In addition
OT H E R
SOLAR APPLIANCES to selling CFLs, AutoCell Electronics
& DEVICES
1,500 E N E R G Y C O N S E R VAT I O N supplies its customers with products
PRODUCTS
LIGHTING
ranging from indoor and outdoor light
fixtures, high-wattage light bulbs,
E N E R G Y C O N S E R VAT I O N
1,000 C O N S U LTA N T and other energy saving devices
M AC H I N E RY
such as electronic digital timers and
water conserving showerheads. All
500
of AutoCell’s products come with the
ENERGY STAR label and are available
0 for residential, commercial, and
government users.
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
w w w.a uto c el l .net
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Note: The increase in Lighting employment in 2001 is due
to a new company. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 31
iN l aNd em pir e
Since 1995, the Inland Empire has witnessed steady growth in the Core Green Economy. Representing eight percent of the
total California Core Green Economy, regional green employment expanded by 43 percent since 1995 and added nearly 3,900
new jobs. However, like the rest of the state, the region experienced the loss of jobs and establishments between January 2009
and 2010. Harder hit than many other regions, the Inland Empire saw a seven percent decline in Core Green employment while
total employment in the region fell by five percent.
The rise and fall of specific green segments within the Inland Empire seems to be moving contrary to that of other regions. Air
& Environment, down in almost every other region, was one of two sectors in the region to see growth between January 2009
and 2010. Clean Transportation employment inched up in 2010 and has expanded by 69 percent since 1995, driven primarily by
growth in Alternative Fuels and Mass Transportation Equipment.
Air & Environment is one of the largest segments in the Inland Empire. Between January 2009 and 2010 the segment grew
four percent, adding 80 jobs to an otherwise declining job market. Additionally, all subsegments within Air & Environment grew
in the most recent year. Environmental Consulting expanded by two percent, Emissions Monitoring & Control saw an uptick in
jobs of four percent, and Environmental Remediation increased by 16 percent.
Experiencing a two percent decline in employment, Energy Generation was mostly able to hold its ground, maintaining or
gaining jobs in two-thirds of subsegments. Energy Generation in the Inland Empire is comprised mostly (84%) of Solar.
While the last two years brought modest declines to the Solar subsegment in the Inland Empire, the industry has grown 159
percent since 1995, adding almost 1,800 jobs. Employment in Wind establishments grew in 2010 by five percent and expanded
by 24 percent since 1995.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / i N l a N d e m p i r e
09-10
15 ,0 0 0 E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E
C L E A N M A N U FA C T U R I N G &
INDUSTRIAL
A D VA N C E D M AT E R I A L S
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
BUSINESS SERVICES
12 ,0 0 0 A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
E N E R GY STO R AG E
GREEN BUILDING
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N +.05%
9 ,0 0 0 WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
AIR & ENVIRONMENT +4%
6 ,0 0 0
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
3 ,0 0 0 E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
32 R EG I O NAL D I STR I B UTI O N AN D TR E N D S: I N LAN D E M P I R E
eNergy geNeratioN jobs / i N l a N d e m p i r e
iNl aNd empire employmeNt
4,000 E N E R G Y C O N S U LT I N G
G E OT H E R M A L perceNt chaNge
AC C E S S O RY E Q UI P M E N T
3,500 & CONTROLS 1995- 2009-
greeN
core green 1995 2009 2010
HYDRO 2010 2010
M U LT I P L E S Y S T E M S
E N E R GY M A N AG E M E N T employment 8,900 13,700 12,800 43% -7%
3,000 BIOMASS
WIND
establishments 590 1,200 1,100 87% -9%
2,500
SOLAR
2,000
1,500
1,000 worldwide
500
eNviroNmeNtal
solutioNs, iNc.
0 EnErGy GEnErATIo n
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Founded in 1993, Worldwide
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Environmental Solutions (WES Tech)
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
is an environmental engineering
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
company that has developed a new
technology to capture greenhouse
gases from organic waste and
convert the emissions into clean,
renewable energy. WES Technology
is a combination of a mechanical and
air & eNviroNmeNt jobs / i N l a N d e m p i r e biological process that is considered
“first in the world.” This technology is
2,500 patented for organic waste-to-energy
OT H E R
CLEANUP & SAFETY and qualified as a Clean Development
E N V I R O N M E N TA L Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol.
R E M E D I AT I O N
2,000
The three day process is self-
EMISSIONS
M O N I TO RI N G
& CONTROL
sufficient and produces the natural
gas requirement out of methane gas
1,500 E N V I R O N M E N TA L
C O N S U LT I N G
collected from the organic waste.
In addition to marketing their
1,000 technology, WES Tech provides services
in system designs and engineering,
fabrication, construction, compliance
500
and permitting, project management,
environmental consulting, and
0 technical services.
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20 w w w.w e s gl o b al .net
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 33
saN j oaq ui N val l ey
Although slowing by less than four percent in the most recent year, the San Joaquin Valley’s Core Green Economy expanded
by 22 percent from 1995 to 2010. Meanwhile, in the last year, employment trends in the Core Green Economy contracted four
percent, reflecting overall trends in the region’s total economy. The last 16 years produced nearly 1,900 jobs and over 320 new
business establishments in the region’s Core Green Economy.
Recycling & Waste and Manufacturing & Industrial are highly concentrated and represent important specializations in the San
Joaquin Valley’s Core Green Economy. Recycling & Waste was responsible for 21 percent of Core Green employment in the
San Joaquin Valley in 2010. In the last year, employment opportunities have remained stable, and employment in this segment
grew 31 percent (510 jobs) from 1995 to 2010 and establishments grew 25 percent (adding nearly 60 establishments).
Manufacturing & Industrial employment comprises a modest share of the region’s Core Green employment, but it has increased
nearly five-fold in employment since 1995.
Employment in Energy Generation increased by three percent in the last year, adding nearly 100 new jobs regionally, and by 126
percent over the long term. Solar and Wind account for the majority of job growth. Solar employment expanded by six percent in
2010 and represents 61 percent of segment employment. Jobs in Wind held steady in 2010 and increased by 52 percent over
the last 16 year period.
Employment and businesses in Clean Transportation tripled from 1995 to 2010. Despite contracting in the most recent year,
subsegments experienced large gains since 1995. Alternative fuel employment represents over three-quarters of Clean
Transportation employment in the San Joaquin Valley and grew 294 percent from 1995 to 2010. Jobs in Motor Vehicles &
Equipment expanded by 51 percent since 1995.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / s a N j o a q u i N va l l e y
12, 0 00
09-10
BUSINESS SERVICES
FINANCE & INVESTMENT +7%
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
1 0, 0 00 E N E R GY STO R AG E
C L E A N M A N U FA C T U R I N G &
INDUSTRIAL
A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
8, 0 00
GREEN BUILDING
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
6, 0 00
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E +.02%
4, 0 00
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N +3%
2, 0 00
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Note: The employment reduction in Water & Wastewater from 2001 to 2004 is due to public utility employment reduction
Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
34 R E G I O N A L D I ST R I B U T I O N A N D T R E N D S : S A N J OAQ U I N VA LLE y
eNergy geNeratioN jobs / s a N j o a q u i N va l l e y
saN joaquiN valley employmeNt
3,500 ENERGY CONSULTING
GEOTHERMAL perceNt chaNge
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
1995- 2009-
3,000 BIOMASS greeN
core green 1995 2009 2010
2010 2010
CO-GENERATION
ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT
& CONTROLS employment 8,500 10,800 10,400 22% -4%
2,500 HYDR O
MULTIPLE SYSTEMS
establishments 610 1,000 900 53% -10%
WIND
2,000
SOLAR
1,500
1,000
electric vehicles
500
iNterNatioNal
ClEA n TrA nsp orTAT Ion
0
Headquartered in Stockton, Electric
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vehicles International (EVI) is a
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
leading manufacturer of alternative
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
energy vehicles specializing in battery
electric vehicles (BEV) and range
extended electric vehicles (REEV)
for multiple applications covering
a diverse range of transportation
options. In August 2011, UPS purchased
one hundred EVI vehicles, which
cleaN traNsportatioN jobs / s a N j o a q u i N va l l e y marked the largest deployment of
zero emission delivery vehicles in
600 California and one of the largest single
deployments in the world.
MASS TRANSIT
500 EQUIPMENT
EVI also converts existing vehicles into
M OTO R V E H IC L E S more energy efficient vehicles. They
400 & EQUIPMENT
have developed new technologies,
such as their advanced powertrain
A LT E R N AT I V E F U E L S
300 system with the most sophisticated
advanced controller, which not
200 only controls the motor, but the
transmission proprietary design, and
100 re-generation.
w w w.ev i -us a .c o m
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 35
ceN tr a l coa st
Although there are specific areas of growth in the region, the Central Coast is one of only three regions in which the Core
Green Economy as a whole is lagging overall economic growth. However, this is in part explained by the downsizing and
restructuring of a single firm resulting in the loss of nearly 1,000 jobs in 2003. Core Green employment contracted by three
percent in the Central Coast in the most recent reported year, but has grown by 12 percent from 1995 to 2010. Over the last
16 years, Core Green businesses grew by 42 percent, adding approximately 140 new establishments.
While overall growth has been modest, individual green segments are displaying promise. Employment in Agriculture Support
increased 13 percent in the last year and 22 percent from the start of 1995 to 2010. Largely associated with sustainable
building materials, employment in Green Building fared better than other industries from 2009 to 2010. However, numbers
more than doubled between 1995 and 2010. Despite significant job losses in Air & Environment in 2003, new businesses
have started up since then and account for 20 percent of Core Green Economy jobs in the region.
Energy Generation represented almost 31 percent of Core Green employment in the Central Coast in 2010. From 1995 to
2010, employment in Energy Generation expanded by approximately 820 jobs. Most recently, employment in Multiple Systems
picked up 22 percent between January 2009 and 2010. Although decreasing by eight percent during that same time period,
Solar employment accounts for 77 percent of jobs in this segment.
Energy Storage represents nearly 31 percent of employment in the Central Coast’s Core Green Economy. The region reveals
specialization in this segment despite a four percent decrease in jobs over the past year. Employment increased 165 percent
(190 jobs) from 1995 to 2010. The Fuel Cells industry makes up 84 percent of Energy Storage. Though the industry has
contracted by two percent, in the long-run, it maintains strength, with the addition of 160 employment opportunities over the
last 16 years.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / c e N t r a l c o a s t
5 ,0 0 0
09-10
E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E
BUSINESS SERVICES +100%
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
C L E A N M A N U FA C T U R I N G &
4 ,0 0 0 INDUSTRIAL
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N
A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T +11%
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
GREEN BUILDING
3 ,0 0 0
E N E R GY STO R AG E
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
2 ,0 0 0
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
1,0 0 0 E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N
0
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9 00 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
20
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Note: The dramatic drop in employment from 2003 to 2004 was due to the bankruptcy of a company in Air & Environment
Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
36 R EG I O NAL D I STR I B UTI O N AN D TR E N D S: C E NTR AL C OAST
eNergy geNeratioN jobs / c e N t r a l c o a s t
ceNtral coast employmeNt
1,500 GEOTHERMAL
perceNt chaNge
FUEL CELLS 1995- 2009-
core greeN 1995 2009 2010
2010 2010
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
1,200 BIOMASS
WIND employment 3,600 4,200 4,000 12% -3%
MULTIPLE SYSTEMS
establishments 330 510 460 42% -10%
900 SOLAR
600
cleaNer earth
300 compaNy, iNc.
rECyClI nG & WA sT E
0
Based in Arroyo Grande, Cleaner
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Earth Company (CEC) is a full service,
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
quality-oriented, professional
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
environmental waste management
and consulting firm providing cost-
effective services to both private
and public sector clients. CEC has
a staff of specialists in the fields of
chemistry, environmental engineering,
emergency response, and regulatory
eNergy storage jobs / c e N t r a l c o a s t compliance. These services include
providing hazardous waste services,
350 consulting, transportation, lab
HYB RI D SYST E M S
services, recycling for households
300 A D VA N C E D B AT T E R I E S and businesses alike, the design,
construction, and operation of
FUEL CELLS
250 permanent household hazardous
waste collection facilities, and
200
emergency response services for
governments requiring hazardous
150
waste cleanup.
100
w w w.cl e a ne re a rt hcompany. com
50
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 37
sac r am e N to va ll ey
The Sacramento Valley is a leader in the state in Agriculture Support and the production of biofuels. These activities have driven
growth in Core Green employment and establishments over the long term and helped maintain growth in more recent years.
For the last two years, the region has experienced modest declines in employment and establishments. From January 2009
to 2010, Coe Green employment fell by three percent and establishments by seven percent. However, despite these recent
declines, the Core Green Economy has made significant gains over the last 16 years. Core Green establishments have almost
doubled since 1995 and jobs have increased by 46 percent with the addition of over 1,100 new jobs.
Even with a struggling economy, four segments made modest gains in recent years. Clean Transportation (+6%), Green
Building (+6%), Agricultural Support (+1%), and Energy Generation (+1%) all saw job growth in the last observable 12 months.
Job losses over the course of 2010 were mainly in Air & Environment. Employment in the segment which represents 15 percent
of the Sacramento Valley’s green jobs declined 11 percent from January 2009 to 2010.
The Sacramento Valley is the state’s leader in Agriculture Support. The concentration of Agricultural Support workers in the
Sacramento Valley Core Green economy is 26 times greater than it is statewide. Representing a commanding 43 percent
of Core Green employment in the region, Agriculture Support employs over 1,500 people in the Sacramento Valley and has
increased in employment by 25 percent since 1995. This segment’s employment is almost entirely in Land Management, which
includes activities like organic fertilizer, erosion control, and precision irrigation.
Similar to Agricultural Support, Energy Generation maintained jobs between January 2009 and 2010 and even made some
modest gains. The Sacramento Valley has added almost 500 Energy Generation jobs over the last 16 years, growing twenty
percent. The fastest growing, most prolific sub segment is Solar which has nearly quadrupled in employment since 1995. In
January 2010, Solar accounted for more than 420 jobs in the Sacramento Valley. Employment in Biomass also made large gains
in the past 16 years with jobs more than tripling since 1995.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / s a c r a m e N t o va l l e y
4,000
09-10
BUSINESS SERVICES
GREEN BUILDING +6%
3,500 C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N +6%
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
E N E R GY STO R AG E
3,000
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
2,500 AIR & ENVIRONMENT
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N +1%
2,000
1, 5 0 0
A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T +1%
1, 0 0 0
500
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
38 R E G I O N A L D I ST R I B U T I O N A N D T R E N D S : S AC R A M E N TO VA LLE y
agriculture support jobs / s a c r a m e N t o va l l e y
sacrameNto valley employmeNt
2,000
perceNt chaNge
1995- 2009-
greeN
core green 1995 2009 2010
2010 2010
S U P P L I E S & M AT E R I A L S
employment 2,400 3,600 3,500 46% -3%
1,500
LAND MANAGEMENT
establishments 140 290 270 96% -7%
1,000
500 spriNgboard
biodiesel
ClEA n TrA nsp orTAT Ion
0
Based in Chico and in operation since
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2005, Springboard Biodiesel, known
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
as AGR Energy prior to 2008, develops
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
and manufactures biodiesel solutions.
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
Springboard Biodiesel focuses on
delivering the most innovative
biodiesel products and technologies
that enable local biodiesel production
from the widest array of feedstocks.
By allowing their customers to
eNergy geNeratioN jobs / s a c r a m e N t o va l l e y make biodiesel from various sources
including vegetable oils and seed
800 ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT crops, they minimize their costs and
& CONTROLS
HYDR O earn a compelling economic return for
700 ENERGY MANAGEMENT
WIND an environmentally beneficial fuel.
MULTIPLE SYSTEMS
600 BIOMASS Springboard Biodiesel’s main products
are the BioFuel family of automated
500 biodiesel processors and accessories,
fuel pumps, and tanks, which it sells
400
to consumers, small businesses, and
SOLAR
300 municipalities.
200 w w w.s p ri ng b o a rd biodiesel. com
100
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 39
No rth c oa st
The North Coast’s Core Green Economy has shown substantial growth in the past decade. Since 1995, Core Green
employment has grown by 16 percent adding roughly 220 jobs in the North Coast. Core Green businesses in the region have
shown similar growth expanding 55 percent to more than 260 establishments in 2010. Despite the North Coast being one of
three regions where growth in the Core Green Economy trailed the overall economy from January 2009 to 2010, the region still
displayed growth in Water & Wastewater (+6%) and Energy Generation (+4%). Overall, Core Green growth has outpaced the
total economy in both employment and establishments.
The North Coast has had consistent growth from key segments including Air & Environment and Water & Wastewater.
Agriculture Support has also played a vital role in the growth of the region’s Core Green Economy. With employment levels
holding steady in the last year, Agriculture Support accounts for 19 percent of the region’s Core Green employment and is
primarily in Land Management. Over the past 16 years, employment in Recycling & Waste has increased by 44 percent, mainly
spurred by a jump in Recycling jobs, though in the most recent year the industry has decreased by 20 percent.
Also reflecting a sizable employment share, Air & Environment represents 25 percent of the region’s Core Green economy.
Environmental Consulting was the largest and fastest growing sub segment within Air & Environment. In 2010, Environmental
Consulting accounted for nearly 400 jobs, an increase of 158 percent since 1995. Employment in Emissions Monitoring &
Control was hardly present in 1995, but has expanded considerably in the last 16 years and grew by eight percent in the last
observable 12 months.
In the North Coast, Water & Wastewater accounts for ten percent of regional Core Green employment. From January 2009
to 2010, total employment in the industry grew by six percent. Since 1995, Water & Wastewater jobs increased by 88 percent
and establishments by 56 percent. The sub segment Wastewater Treatment accounts for 70 percent of the larger Water &
Wastewater industry in the North Coast.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / N o r t h c o a s t
2,000 09-10
E N E R GY STO R AG E
B U S I N E S S SYST E M S
E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N
1,500 GREEN BUILDING
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
1,000 WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R +6%
A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N +4%
500
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
0
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9 00 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
20
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Note: The decrease in employment from 2004 to 2005 is due to a closer of a single establishment in Energy Generation
Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
40 R EG I O NAL D I STR I B UTI O N AN D TR E N D S: N O RTH C OAST
air & eNviroNmeNt jobs / N o r t h c o a s t
North coast employmeNt
500
perceNt chaNge
1995- 2009-
E M I S S IO N S M O N I TO RI N G greeN
core green 1995 2009 2010
2010 2010
& CONTROL
400
employmeNt 1,400 1,700 1,600 16% -7%
E N V I R O N M E N TA L
R E M E D I AT I O N
establishmeNts 170 290 260 55% -8%
E N V I R O N M E N TA L
300 C O N S U LT I N G
200
solid waste
100
services, iNc.
rECyClI nG & WA sT E
0
Located among the Redwood forests
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 of Mendocino County, Solid Waste
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Services, Inc. (SWS) is a family owned
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
solid waste and recycling company
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
operating out of Willits for the past
40 years. The company provides
fully integrated services offering
residential, commercial, and industrial
solid waste collection, recycling
collection and processing, green
water & wastewater jobs / N o r t h c o a s t waste collection and processing, solid
waste transfer services, and state
200 certified “buy-back” recycling centers.
Their fleet is provided to have clean
WAT E R T R E AT M E N T
emission equipment in order to be a
150 sustainable, efficient, and eco-friendly
PUMPS
collection company in full compliance
with California Air Resource Board
WA S T E WAT E R T R E AT M E N T (CARB) regulations.
100
As a leader of waste and recycling
services in Northern California, SWS
50 is dedicated to plan, develop, and
implement sustainable collection,
processing, and recycling programs
0 to both rural and urban communities
through increased innovation and
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20 technological advancement.
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics w w w.s ol i d wa s te s e r vices. net
2012 many shades of green 41
si e rra r egio N
The Sierra region is one of three regions in the state in which Core Green employment lags total employment growth. The drop
in employment is largely due to the closure of a single Agriculture Support company working in sustainable forestry, from which
the region has not fully rebounded. Within the last year, Core Green employment and establishments have decreased by six
percent each. In the long-run view, Core Green business growth in the region increased by 58 percent and employment fell by
one percent.
Despite the economic downturn, certain industries display some resilience. Over the past year, Water & Wastewater, Energy
Efficiency, Energy Infrastructure, and Green Building have all remained constant while Energy Generation showed a two percent
growth. Building Design and Construction are driving growth in the Green Building segment in the region. Employment in Air
& Environment dropped by four percent in the last 12 months, however this industry remains ever-growing in the long run, as it
has increased 83 percent (over 40 new businesses) within the last 16 years. Long term growth in Energy Efficiency has been
powered mostly by business activity related to solar appliances and devices.
Water & Wastewater employment has grown 93 percent since 1995, while remaining stable in the most recent year. The vast
majority of employment in this segment is in the area of Wastewater Treatment, which accounts for 79 percent of Water &
Wastewater employment. The number of business establishments in Water & Wastewater decreased by six percent from 2009
to 2010 but increased by 45 percent over the 16-year period.
With employment shares well above the statewide average and reporting a two percent growth over the past 12 months, Energy
Generation is highly concentrated in the region. Thirty new business establishments opened their doors between 1995 and
2010. Solar and Wind jobs are driving this growth. Over three-quarters of segment employment is in Solar and employment
expanded by 55 percent since 1995. Over the course of the most recent observable twelve months, employment in Wind
remained stable.
e m p l oy m e N t by g r e e N s e g m e N t / s i e r r a r e g i o N
2 ,5 0 0
09-10
A D VA N C E D M AT E R I A L S
C L E A N T R A N S P O R TAT I O N
FINANCE & INVESTMENT +500%
2 ,0 0 0 E N E R GY I N F R A ST R U CTU R E
GREEN BUILDING
E N E R GY E F F ICI E N CY
R E C Y C L I N G & WA S T E
R E S E A R C H & A DVO CACY
WAT E R & WA S T E WAT E R
1,5 0 0
AIR & ENVIRONMENT
E N E R G Y G E N E R AT I O N +2%
1,0 0 0
A G R I C U LT U R E S U P P O R T
500
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database. Analysis: Collaborative Economics
42 R EG I O NAL D I STR I B UTI O N AN D TR E N D S: S I E R R A R EG I O N
eNergy geNeratioN jobs / s i e r r a r e g i o N
sierra regioN employmeNt
600 ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT
& CONTROLS perceNt chaNge
HYDR O
MULTIPLE SYSTEMS 1995- 2009-
core greeN 1995 2009 2010
2010 2010
500 GEOTHERMAL
BIOMASS
WIND employmeNt 2,100 2,200 2,000 -1% -6%
400 establishmeNts 160 260 250 58% -6%
SOLAR
300
200
hl power compaNy
100 EnErGy GEnErATIo n
Located in Wendel, California and
0
in operation since July, 1989, the HL
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Power Company generates carbon
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
neutral electricity from natural
Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
organic waste including in-forest chips
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
as well as mill and urban wood waste.
The use of in-forest chips reduces both
wildfire potential and the amount
of open burning conducted in the
community. Twenty-six employees
help produce 30 MW of net power,
water & wastewater jobs / s i e r r a r e g i o N produced for Pacific Gas and Electric.
www.hlpower.com
200
WAT E R T R E AT M E N T
150
PUMPS
WA S T E WAT E R T R E AT M E N T
100
50
0
5 6 7 8 9 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
199 199 199 199 199 200 20 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20
Ne x t 10 m a N y sh a des of greeN. Data Source: Green Establishment Database.
Analysis: Collaborative Economics
2012 many shades of green 43
co Nc lus io N
In sum, the recent economic recession and slow recovery have dealt
California a major blow, and different sectors of the economy have
suffered to varying degrees. While California’s economy as a whole
suffered a seven percent drop in employment from January 2009
to January 2010, the state’s Core Green Economy dropped by
three percent.
It is important to keep in mind that businesses across the economy
have suffered from the drying up of the financial markets. Without
the ability to access capital, businesses cannot make needed
equipment upgrades, expand production or make other necessary
investments that would support broader economic growth. Uncertainty
surrounding the national political environment undermines the ability
for businesses to plan ahead, especially in areas related to the Core
Green Economy.
The problem is that prices will continue to rise for energy and all
natural resources,5 global competition will continue to grow for all
products and services, and the real impacts of climate change are
increasingly observed and causing significant economic hardship
with every cataclysmic weather episode. The price tags for stronger
hurricanes, more extreme droughts and heavier flooding are not only
felt at the point of rebuilding but also in rising insurance rates for
coastal populations and agricultural producers.
The need to adapt to our changing global economic context as well
as the global environmental context is now. In so doing, this economic
activity will translate into growing businesses and employment in
industries providing the vital products and services that enable
a transition away from carbon-based fuels, improve resource
efficiencies and reduce negative environmental impacts.
44 c o n c lu s i o n
California’s Core Green Economy shows signs of greater resilience
than the economy as a whole. Over the past 16 years, its growth has
outpaced the economy as a whole by more than a factor of four, and
percentage losses are half those of the state’s total employment.
Despite these losses, some segments posted employment gains
in the most recent observable period (January 2009 to 2010).
Employment in Energy Infrastructure increased 14 percent, Advanced
Materials expanded by four percent while Clean Transportation and
Energy Generation grew by one percent each. Across the value chain,
Manufacturing jobs in the Core Green Economy expanded by one
percent from January 2009 to 2010, the only value chain segment
to do so.
And some regions of the state have fared better than others. The San
Diego Region, the Bay Area and the Sacramento Area have shown
the greatest resilience, each with losses of less than two percent from
January 2009 to 2010.
California’s Core Green Economy is diverse and well distributed
across the state. The state’s Core Green Economy has weathered
the recent economic storm better than the economy as a whole.
Continued public policy efforts which support the development of new
markets related to these industries, as well as increasing access to
capital for businesses otherwise capable of growing, will ensure that
growth in the Core Green Economy can continue and that California’s
competitive edge in these industries will also continue.
2012 many shades of green 45
appe N di x
aDaptive Green economy Half dollars, using the CPI for the U.S. City Average from the
Employer Survey by the California Employment Development Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Department’s Labor Market Information Division
electricity productivity in manufacturing
The California Green Economy Survey (Green Survey) Data are provided by the U.S. Census Bureau, 1992, 1997,
was performed by California Employment Development 2002 Economic Census, U.S. Census Bureau 2002 Service
Department’s Labor Market Information Division. The survey Annual Survey, and the U.S. Commerce Department,
counted the number of green jobs, which were defined as Bureau of Economic Analysis. Select Operating Expenses
those producing goods or services that result in “GREEN” or: for California, Florida, New york, Texas, and the United
• Generating and storing renewable energy. States (1992, 1997) combines total compensation, total
cost of materials, total capital expenditures, depreciation
• recycling existing materials.
charges during year, and total rental payments because
e
• nergy-efficient product manufacturing, distribution,
total operating expense data was not available on the
construction, installation, and maintenance.
state level. Total Operating Expenses for the United States
• education, compliance and awareness.
(2002) were estimated directly by the U.S. Census Bureau.
• natural and sustainable product manufacturing.
Manufacturing does not include publishing firms for 1992
The survey was mailed to 51,100 private and public sector data because of differences in SIC and NAICS classifications.
employers across all industries, firm sizes and counties within This represents roughly a three percent difference in number
the state. Geographic areas include all metropolitan areas and of establishments counted in the Manufacturing industry.
non-metropolitan groups of counties. North American Industry Private libraries are included in the Information industry
Classification System (NAICS) at the two or three digit level estimates only when establishments have payrolls. Industry
was used for industry classification. groupings are based on two-digit NAICS codes, except for
the following: Trucking & Warehousing (48-49) excludes
energy productivity couriers & messengers, scheduled passenger transportation,
Energy Productivity Energy consumption data are from rail transportation, oil pipelines, the post office, and other
the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information transportation services; Finance (52) consists only of
Administration’s State Energy Data System, Consumption securities & commodity contracts intermediations and
Physical Units, 1960-2009 and Table F20: Total Energy brokerages; Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services (54)
Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates by excludes office of notaries, landscape architectural services,
Sector,2009. Total energy consumption includes all of the & veterinary services; Administrative & Waste Services (56)
following sources: petroleum, natural gas, electricity retail excludes landscaping services; and Other Services excludes
sales, nuclear, coal and coal coke, wood, waste, ethanol, pet care services, religious organizations, and labor unions
hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, and wind energy. GDP data and similar labor organizations. U.S. Census Bureau does
come from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department not provide data for agriculture, utilities, management of
of Commerce, GDP by state (millions of current dollars). companies and enterprises, educational services, and
GDP values are inflation-adjusted and reported in 2011 First public administration.
46 appendix
occupations in california’s Green economy The accounting of green business establishments and jobs
Occupations selected based on Collaborative Economics’ is based on multiple data sources (including New Energy
Green Establishments Database. The industry codes for Finance and the Cleantech Group,™ LLC) for the identification
the establishments in the Green Establishments Database and classification of green businesses and also leveraged
were used to determine the occupations in California’s green a sophisticated internet search process. Collaborative
businesses. The occupational staffing pattern was provided Economics designed the parameters of the internet search
by the California Employment Development Department, platform which was engineered by PlanetMagpie, a Bay
Labor Market Information Division’s Occupational Employment Area-based IT service company. The National Establishments
Statistics (1st Quarter 2011). The 2008 Median Annual Time-Series (NETS) database based on Dun & Bradstreet
Wage was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ business-unit data was sourced to extract business
Occupational Employment Statistics (May 2008). The information such as jobs. The operational definition of green
identification of the green increased occupations and is based primarily on the definition of cleantech defined by
green enhanced skills occupations was made available by the Cleantech Network. This sample offers a conservative
the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training estimate of the industry.
Administration’s O*NET. The National Center for O*NET The jobs numbers reported in the database reflect all jobs at
Development submitted a report in early 2009 titled Greening each business location. In the case of multi-establishment
of the World of Work: Implications for O*NET-SOC and companies, only the green establishments are included.
New and Emerging Occupation. That report provides a While this approach does not examine specifically green
definition of the occupations classified as green increased and occupations that are appearing across the entire economy
enhanced skills occupations. (such as Chief Sustainability Officer), it does account for the
businesses behind the products and services that these new
core Green economy
professionals need to use in their jobs (such as advanced
california’s core Green economy:
metering devices, co-generation equipment, and various high-
Green business establishments Database
efficiency materials).
Collaborative Economics has developed an approach for
identifying and tracking the growth of businesses with The multilayered process involves both automated and
primary activities in the Core Green Economy. This manual verification steps of business establishments and
methodology was originally developed for work carried their activities. In cases where the results were uncertain
out on behalf of Next 10, a California-based nonprofit, and and the activities of a business establishment could not be
published in the California Green Innovation Index (2008, verified (e.g. on a company’s website), the establishment was
2009, 2010, 2012 forthcoming). Building on this work, CEI dropped from the database. Therefore, the database offers a
designed and conducted the nationwide analysis of green conservative estimate for the numbers of establishments and
business activity on behalf of the Pew Charitable Trusts. jobs in the Core Green Economy.
The Pew Center on the States reformatted the results of
the analysis and developed the report, The Clean Energy
Economy (June 2009).
2012 many shades of green 47
eN dN ot es
1
David Roland-Holst and Fredrich Kahrl. 2008. California Climate Risk and Response . Next 10.
2
Business Roundtable. 2010. “Enhancing our Commitment to a Sustainable Future.” Business
Roundtable’s S.E.E Change and Climate Resolve initiatives. Forbes “Top Ten Green Companies in
Fortune 500” verified this list and more, May 2011.
3
K. Galbraith. 2009. “Sustainability Field Booms on Campus.” New york Times. (August 19, 2009)
4
E
rich C. Dierdorff, Jennifer J. Norton, Donald W. Drewes, Christina M. Kroustalis, David Rivkin,
Phil Lewis. February 2009. “Greening of the World of Work: Implications for O*NET-SOC and
New and Emerging Occupations” National Center for O*NET Development. U.S. Department of
Labor, Employment and Training Administration. (http://www.onetcenter.org/reports/Green.
html) The report defines “green” as economic activity related to reducing the use of fossil fuels,
decreasing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the efficiency of energy usage,
recycling materials, and developing and adopting renewable sources of energy. The “greening” of
occupations refers to the extent to which green economy activities and technologies increase the
demand for existing occupations, shape the work and worker requirements needed for occupational
performance, or generate unique work and worker requirements.
G
reen occupations identified in this report come from three different sources: (a) occupations
included in the 2006 O*NET-SOC taxonomy, (b) N&E occupations identified from research
conducted on in-demand industry clusters, and (c) N&E occupations identified during the current
research on the greening of the world of work.
O
*NET has identified 64 O*NET SOC occupations as “Green Increased Demand” occupations, 60
occupations as “Green Enhanced Skills”, and 91 occupations as “Green New & Emerging (N&E)”
occupations; however, 46 of which are still waiting final approval. In this analysis of California’s
Core Green Economy, 41 “Green Increased Demand” occupations and 34 “Green Enhanced Skills”
occupations were identified in the state’s Green Establishments.
5
For example, oil prices rose above $100 per barrel in 2011 and are expected to remain at least
that high in 2012. See the Energy Information Administration (http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/
detail.cfm?id = 4550) as well as recent projections by the American Auto Association (http://www.
nytimes.com/2011/12/29/business/oil-prices-predicted-to-remain-above-100-a-barrel-next-year.
html?pagewanted = all).
produced by:
Next 10
F. Noel Perry
Sarah Henry
Marcia E. Perry
prepared by:
collaborative ecoNomics
Doug Henton Jessie Oettinger
John Melville Marisol Catchings
Tracey Grose Clare Brown
Aris Harutyunyan Robert Mason
Amy Kishimura
desigNed by:
cheN desigN associates
48 e n d n ot e s
bay area alameda / coNtra costa /
mariN / Napa / saN beNito / saN
fraNcisco / saN mateo / saNta clara /
saNta cruz /solaNo / soNoma
ceNtral coast moNterey / saN luis
obispo / saNta barbara
iNlaNd empire riverside / saN berNadiNo
los aNgeles area los aNgeles / veNtura
North coast del Norte / humboldt /
lake / meNdociNo / siskiyou / triNity
oraNge couNty oraNge
sacrameNto area el dorado / placer /
sacrameNto / sutter / yolo / yuba
sacrameNto valley butte / colusa /
gleNN / shasta / tehama
saN diego regioN imperial / saN diego
saN joaquiN valley fresNo / kerN /
kiNgs / madera / merced / saN joaquiN /
staNislaus / tulare
sierra regioN alpiNe / amador /
calaveras / iNyo / lasseN / mariposa /
modoc / moNo / Nevada / plumas /
sierra / tuolumNe
maNy shades of greeN:
califorNia’s shift to a cleaNer
more productive ecoNomy
© copyright 2012 Next 10
priNted oN 100% recycled paper,
usiNg soy-based iNks