Glossary

							Glossary
                                                         Active Directory The Windows-based directory
Symbols                                                    service. Active Directory stores information
                                                           about objects on a network and makes this
$$Rename.txt A file that lists all files contained         information available to users and network
  in a particular folder that need to be renamed           administrators. Active Directory gives network
  from an 8.3 format name to a long file name              users access to permitted resources anywhere on
  during Setup. All file names must be in 8.3              the network using a single logon process. It
  format if you run Setup using Winnt.exe, or if           provides network administrators with an
  you copy a set of files from one computer to             intuitive, hierarchical view of the network and a
  another using MS-DOS.                                    single point of administration for all network
%windir% The default directory where Windows               objects.
  is installed, most commonly C:\Windows.                Active Directory Service Interfaces (ADSI) A
.cab file Cabinet file. A single cabinet file that         directory service model and a set of Component
  stores multiple compressed files. These files are        Object Model (COM) interfaces. ADSI enables
  commonly used in software installation and to            Windows applications and Active Directory
  reduce the file size and the associated download         clients to access several network directory
  time for Web content.                                    services, including Active Directory. ADSI is
8.3 The standard format for file names in                  supplied as a software development kit (SDK).
  MS-DOS and Windows 3.1. A file name with                 See also Active Directory.
  eight or fewer characters, followed by a period        ADSI See definition for Active Directory Service
  (dot), followed by a three-character file name           Interfaces (ADSI).
  extension.                                             Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
                                                           (ACPI) An open industry specification that
A                                                          defines power management on a wide range of
                                                           mobile, desktop, and server computers and
access control entry (ACE) An entry in an                  peripherals. ACPI is the foundation for the
  object's discretionary access control list (DACL)        OnNow industry initiative that allows system
  that grants permissions to a user or group. An           manufacturers to deliver computers that start at
  ACE is also an entry in an object's system access        the touch of a keyboard. ACPI design is essential
  control list (SACL) that specifies the security          to take full advantage of power management and
  events to be audited for a user or group. See also       Plug and Play. See also Plug and Play.
  access control list (ACL).
                                                         answer file A text file used to automate Setup or
access control list (ACL) A list of security               other installation processes. Using this text file,
  protections that apply to an entire object, a set of     you can provide custom answers to Setup-related
  the object's properties, or an individual property       questions. Typically, you must point the Setup
  of an object. There are two types of access              program to use the answer file at the same time
  control lists: discretionary and system. See also        Setup is started. Answer files can only be used
  access control entry (ACE).                              on applications and operating systems that
ACE See definition for access control entry                support them.
  (ACE).                                                 APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt
ACPI See definition for Advanced Configuration             Controller. A distributed set of devices that form
  and Power Interface (ACPI).                              an interrupt controller.
                                                         asynchronous Not dependent on timing. Each
                                                           application or command runs in the specified
                                                           order, but the specified item does not wait for
                                                           any previously started processes to finish before
                                                           an application or command runs.
324 Glossary


    attach Run the Setup program for an application        Cmdlines.txt A text file that GUI-mode Setup
      that is already staged on the destination             executes when installing optional components,
      computer. See also destination computer; detach;      such as applications.
      stage.
                                                           D
    B                                                      destination computer The computer on which
    basic input/output system (BIOS) On x86-                 you preinstall Windows that will be distributed
      based computers, the set of essential software         to customers. You can either run Setup on the
      routines that test hardware at startup, start the      destination computer or copy a master
      operating system, and support the transfer of data     installation onto a destination computer.
      among hardware devices. The BIOS is stored in        detach Remove uninstalled application files from
      read-only memory (ROM) so that it can be               a destination computer. See also attach;
      executed when you turn on the computer.                destination computer; stage.
      Although critical to performance, the BIOS is
      usually invisible to computer users. See also        device ID A unique ASCII string for the device
      Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI).                   created by enumerators to identify a hardware
                                                             device and used to cross-reference data about the
                                                             device stored in the registry. Distinguishes each
    BINLSVC See definition for Boot Information              logical device and bus from all others on the
      Negotiation Layer service (BINLSVC).                   system.
    BIOS See definition for basic input/output system      distribution share A network folder that contains
      (BIOS).                                                the source files for Windows products that you
                                                             install. It may also contain additional device
    Boot Information Negotiation Layer service               drivers and application files. This folder can be
      (BINLSVC) A service that runs on a Remote              created manually or by using Setup Manager.
      Installation Services (RIS) server that acts on
      client boot requests. The display name of            Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
      BINLSVC is Remote Installation. See also               (DHCP) An industry standard method for
      Remote Installation Services (RIS).                    simplified and dynamic configuration of IP
                                                             addresses for computers on TCP/IP networks.
    bottleneck A condition, usually involving a
      hardware resource, that causes a computer to
      perform poorly.                                      E
                                                           EFI See definition for Extensible Firmware
    C                                                        Interface (EFI).
    CardBus A 32-bit PC Card.                              Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) In
                                                             computers with the Intel Itanium processor, the
    CD boot Starting a computer from the retail              interface between a computer's firmware,
      product CD-ROM and then installing Windows             hardware, and the operating system. EFI defines
      on the hard disk using the Setup program on the        a new partition style called GUID partition table
      CD. This method is much slower than installing         (GPT). EFI serves the same purpose for Itanium-
      Windows from a network and is not                      based computers as the basic input/output system
      recommended. For an unattended Setup using             (BIOS) found in x86-based computers. However,
      the CD boot method, the Unattend.txt file must         it has expanded capabilities that provide a
      be named Winnt.sif. The user can select in the         consistent way to start any compatible operating
      winnt.sif if they want to select the partition         system and an easy way to add EFI drivers for
      manually or have it automatically selected.            new bootable devices without the need to update
    Cluster service The essential software                   the computer's firmware. See also basic
      component that controls all aspects of server          input/output system (BIOS).
      cluster operation and manages the cluster
      database. Each node in a server cluster runs one
      instance of the Cluster service.
                                                                                                    Glossary 325




F                                                       H-K
factory mode A mode of running Sysprep that             HAL See definition for hardware abstraction layer
   postpones Windows Welcome or Mini-Setup and            (HAL).
   allows you to install additional drivers and         hardware abstraction layer (HAL) A thin layer
   applications and test the Windows installation.        of software provided by the hardware
   To run Sysprep in factory mode, use the                manufacturer that hides, or abstracts, hardware
   command line Sysprep -factory.                         differences from higher layers of the operating
file copy The first of the three stages of Setup,         system. By means of the filter provided by the
   where the Windows program files and any                HAL, different types of hardware look alike to
   additional files specified are copied to the           the rest of the operating system. This enables the
   computer's hard disk.                                  operating system to be portable from one
firewall A combination of hardware and software           hardware platform to another. The HAL also
   that provides a security system for the flow of        provides routines that enable a single device
   network traffic, usually to prevent unauthorized       driver to support the same device on all
   access from outside to an internal network or          platforms.
   intranet. Also called a security-edge gateway.
                                                        L
G                                                       LAN See definition for local area network (LAN).
Group Policy The infrastructure within Active           legacy Any feature in the computer system based
  Directory directory service that enables                 on older technology for which compatibility
  directory-based change and configuration                 continues to be maintained in other system
  management of user and computer settings,                components.
  including security and user data. You use Group       load balancing A technique that is used to scale
  Policy to define configurations for groups of            the performance of a server-based program (such
  users and computers. With Group Policy, you              as a Web server) by distributing its client
  can specify policy settings for registry-based           requests across multiple servers within a cluster.
  policies, security, software installation, scripts,
  folder redirection, remote installation services,     local area network (LAN) A communications
  and Internet Explorer maintenance. The Group             network connecting a group of computers,
  Policy settings that you create are contained in a       printers, and other devices located within a
  Group Policy object (GPO). By associating a              relatively limited area (for example, a building).
  GPO with selected Active Directory system                A LAN enables any connected device to interact
  containers — sites, domains, and organizational          with any other on the network.
  units — you can apply the GPO's policy settings       long file name A folder or file name longer than
  to the users and computers in those Active               the 8.3 file name standard (up to eight characters
  Directory containers. To create an individual            followed by a period and an extension of up to
  GPO, use the Group Policy Object Editor. To              three characters). Most versions of Windows,
  manage Group Policy objects across an                    including Windows XP, Windows 2000,
  enterprise, you can use the Group Policy                 Window NT, Windows 95, and Windows 98
  Management console. See also Active Directory.           support long file names up to 255 characters.
GUI-mode Setup The third of the three stages of
  Setup, during which the computers hardware and
  network settings are configured, you are
  prompted to provide an Administrator password,
  and you can personalize the installation.
326 Glossary


                                                           quiet mode Running a command-line application
    M-O                                                      so that it does not display confirmation messages
                                                             or any other user interface items that normally
    mass-storage controller A device on which                appear on screen. The switch for quiet mode is
      mass-storage devices rely for access to a              typically /q.
      computer subsystem. For example, a SCSI card
      or IDE functionality on the motherboard is a
      mass-storage controller; the physical hard drive     R
      is a mass-storage device.                            RAID See definition for Redundant Array of
    master computer A fully-assembled computer               Independent Disks (RAID).
      containing a master installation. See also master    Redundant Array of Independent Disks
      installation.                                          (RAID) A method used to standardize and
    master installation A customized installation of         categorize fault-tolerant disk systems. RAID
      Windows that you duplicate onto one or more            levels provide various mixes of performance,
      destination computers.                                 reliability, and cost. Some servers provide three
    Message Queuing A message queuing and                    of the RAID levels: Level 0 (striping), Level 1
      routing system for Windows that enables                (mirroring), and Level 5 (RAID-5).
      distributed applications running at different        Remote Installation Server (RIS) An optional
      times to communicate across heterogeneous              component that remotely installs Windows XP
      networks and with computers that may be                Professional. RIS installs the operating system
      offline. Message Queuing provides guaranteed           on remote boot-enabled client computers by
      message delivery, efficient routing, security, and     connecting the computer to the network, starting
      priority-based messaging. Formerly known as            the client computer, logging on with a valid user
      MSMQ.                                                  account, and copying an operating system image
    Mini-Setup A subset of GUI-mode Setup, Mini-             to the client computer.
      Setup is the first-run experience on the Windows     Remote Installation Services (RIS) Software
      Server 2003 family. Mini-Setup prompts for             services that allow an administrator to set up new
      user-specific information, detects new hardware,       client computers remotely, without having to
      and regenerates system IDs.                            visit each client. The target clients must support
    NTLM A security package that provides                    remote booting. See also Single Instance Store
      authentication between clients and servers.            (SIS).
                                                           reseal To prepare the operating system for
    P-Q                                                      delivery to the customer by clearing the event
                                                             log, resetting the time clock for Windows
    Plug and Play A set of specifications developed          Product Activation, and configuring the first-run
      by Intel Corporation that enables a computer to        experience to run the next time Windows starts.
      detect and configure a device automatically and        Run Sysprep -reseal as the final step in your
      install the appropriate device drivers.                manufacturing process.
    Preboot Execution Environment DHCP-based               RIS See definition for Remote Installation Server
      remote boot technology used to boot or install an      (RIS).
      operating system on a client computer from a         Run as A feature that provides users with a
      remote server. A RIS Server is an example of a         secondary logon capability. By using Run as,
      PXE Server.                                            users can run applications or commands in a
    PXE See definition for Preboot Execution                 different security context without having to log
      Environment.                                           off. Run as prompts the user for different
    PXE protocol An extension to the DHCP protocol           credentials before running the application or
      that enables information to be sent to network-        command.
      bootable systems and enables these systems to
      find RIS servers.
                                                                                                    Glossary 327


                                                        synchronous Each application or command runs
S                                                         in the order listed, and each item must finish
                                                          before the next command is run.
security ID (SID) A data structure of variable
  length that identifies user, group, and computer      Sysprep A tool that prepares the hard disk on a
  accounts. Every account on a network is issued a        source computer for duplication to destination
  unique SID when the account is first created.           computers and then runs a non-Microsoft disk-
  Internal processes in Windows refer to an               imaging process. This automated installation
  account's SID rather than the account's user or         method is used when the hard disk on the master
  group name.                                             computer is identical to those of the target
                                                          computers. See also destination computer;
Server Message Block (SMB) A file-sharing                 security ID (SID).
  protocol designed to allow networked computers
  to transparently access files that reside on remote   Sysprep.exe
  systems over a variety of networks. The SMB           The System Preparation utility that uses the
  protocol defines a series of commands that pass         Sysprep.inf answer file to prepare a system disk
  information between computers. SMB uses four            image for duplication.
  message types: session control, file, printer, and    Sysprep.inf An optional answer file used by
  message.                                                Sysprep that automates Mini-Setup and further
Setup Manager A utility for creating and                  customizes the installed operating system.
  modifying answer files and configuration sets.        systemroot The path and folder name where the
Setupcl.exe An executable program invoked by              Windows system files are located. Typically, this
  Sysprep.exe that recognizes security IDs (SIDs).        is C:\Windows, although you can designate a
  It must reside in the same folder as Sysprep.exe.       different drive or folder when you install
  See also security ID (SID); Sysprep.exe.                Windows. You can use the value %systemroot%
SID See definition for security ID (SID).                 to replace the actual location of the folder that
                                                          contains the Windows system files. To identify
Single Instance Store (SIS) A component that              your systemroot folder, click Start, click Run,
  saves disk space on the server by maintaining a         type %systemroot%, and then click OK.
  single physical copy of all identical files found.
  If SIS finds a duplicate file on the server, it       Systems Management Server (SMS) A
  copies the original file into the SIS store and         Microsoft product that includes inventory
  leaves a link where the original resided. This          collection, software deployment, and diagnostic
  technology is used only with Remote Installation        tools. SMS automates the task of upgrading
  Services. See also Remote Installation Services         software, allows remote problem solving,
  (RIS).                                                  provides asset management information, and
                                                          monitors software usage, computers, and
SMB See definition for Server Message Block               networks.
  (SMB).
SMS See definition for Systems Management
  Server (SMS).                                         T
stage Copy the directories and files to be              Terminal Services The underlying technology
  installed to a destination computer, but do not         that enables Remote Desktop, Remote
  configure any registry settings. See also attach;       Assistance, and Terminal Server.
  destination computer; detach.                         text-mode Setup The second of the three stages
standalone server A computer that runs                    of Setup, where the basic hardware of the
  Windows 2000 Server but does not participate in         computer (CPU, motherboard, hard disk
  a domain. A standalone server has only its own          controllers, file systems, and memory) is
  database of end users, and it processes logon           determined, the base operating system necessary
  requests by itself. It does not share account           to continue is installed, and specified folders are
  information with any other computer and cannot          created.
  provide access to domain accounts.
328 Glossary


    U-V                                                    Windows Product Activation (WPA) A
                                                            technology that reduces software piracy by
    Unattend.txt The generic name for the Windows           requiring that each installation of a Windows
      Setup answer file. In the CD boot installation        product be activated with Microsoft, either
      method, Unattend.txt must be named Winnt.sif.         through the Internet or by telephone. A unique
      See also CD boot; Windows Setup; Winnt.exe.           product key is required for each installation of
    unattended Setup An automated, hands-free               Windows, but Microsoft does not request or
      method of installing Windows. During                  collect any information other than the Product
      installation, unattended Setup uses an answer file    Key during the installation. The end user may
      to supply data to Setup instead of requiring that     reinstall Windows using the same Product Key
      an administrator or end user interactively provide    on the same computer as many times as
      the answers.                                          necessary, but it cannot be used to install
                                                            Windows on another computer. The end user can
                                                            make incremental hardware upgrades to the
    W-Z                                                     computer. However, if the hardware is
    WAN See definition for wide area network                significantly altered, the end user will be
      (WAN).                                                required to reactivate the installation of
                                                            Windows.
    wide area network (WAN) A communications
      network connecting geographically separated          Windows Setup The program that installs the
      locations that uses long-distance links of third-     Windows operating system.
      party telecommunications vendors. See also local     Winnt.exe A command-line utility used to start
      area network (LAN).                                   an unattended setup from computers running
    Winbom.ini An .ini file that provides a bill-of-        MS-DOS, Windows 3.1, or Windows for
      materials to incorporate into the Windows             Workgroups.
      installation. Winbom.ini can control different       Winnt.sif The answer file that contains
      points of the installation and configuration          information used by Setup when you install
      process: for example, it can control Sysprep          Windows using the CD boot method. See also
      during Factory mode, Windows preinstallation          CD boot.
      when starting from the Windows Preinstallation       Winnt32.exe A command-line utility used to
      Environment (WinPE), or Windows XP                    start an unattended setup from computers
      configuration during Windows Welcome.                 running Windows 95, Windows 98,
    Windows PE See definition for Windows                   Windows NT, Windows 2000, or Windows XP.
      Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE).
    Windows Preinstallation Environment
      (Windows PE) A minimal Win32 operating
      system with limited services, built on the
      Windows XP Professional kernel. Windows PE
      is used only in the preinstallation and
      deployment of Windows.