Principles of Learning

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							                                                                  WOORANNA PARK PRIMARY SCHOOL
                                                                                                                       Raison d’etre
                                                                                                                            (Reason for being)
Principles of Learning                   Pedagogical              Organisational Structures                    Physical Environment                        Assessment                                 School leadership                                     Theorists
                                           Practice

“The mind is not a vessel to be      “The art of teaching is      “Change the system, not the child.           “Design is primarily about            “Formative assessment is part     “Schools are now managed through a network                   “It is easier to assimilate a
filled, but a fire to be ignited.”   developing into the art of   Do things with children, not to them.”       purpose and function - out of         of students ongoing learning      format, progressively abandoning the characteristics         thousand new facts in any
Plutarch                             teaching children to teach                                                which grows aesthetics”.              and simultaneously informs        of old style bureaucratic pyramids of power.”                field than to assimilate a new
                                                                  Betts.
                                     themselves.”                                                              Featherston.                          future directions.”               Beare                                                        point of view of a few already
                                     Anonymous                                                                                                       Capp                                                                                           known facts.”
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Vygotsky.

People are active, important          Communities of learners     Communities of learners stay together       Large areas created to allow         Analysis of collaborative       The changing nature of schooling in the 21st century          Cultural- Historical theory:
members of a variety of               Collaborative learning       throughout their learning journey in the     for communities of learners,          learning, (questioning and      requires schools to adopt a more collective decision           Vygotsky
communities: family, school, peer                                   school. The support and interaction of       involving collaborative               discussions initiated by        making process.                                               Socio-cultural theory: Dewey,
groups, on-line networks and          Modelling collaboration      families is viewed as part of this           teaching                              children within the learning                                                                   Rogoff
cultural groups. Their                 through team teaching                                                                                                                           The following beliefs underpin the use of distributed
                                                                    community                                   Reflection of the children in the     communities)                                                                                  Community of learners:
understanding of the world            Use of mentors and          Teachers, children and integration           environment.                         Documentation of the learning   leadership at Wooranna Park Primary School:                    Dewey (1938) Rogoff·
develops through these social and      peer coaching                aides work collaboratively within           Shared facilities and tools for       process includes teacher’s           the ability to take action, to lead, results from       Reggio Emilia Project
cultural interactions.                Creation of the              learning complexes                           learning                              and children’s voices.                   knowledge and expertise, not from position or        Leadership: Beare (2006);
                                       curriculum through          Mentor relationships are developed in                                                                                       status in a hierarchy;                                Earl & Katz 2006;
                                                                                                                                                      Analysis of parent                   depending on the task at hand, the school may
                                       collaboration with           meaningful contexts                                                                                                                                                               Hargreaves, A
                                                                                                                                                       involvement in the learning              have many individuals, with germane thoughts
                                       children, parents and       Flexible timetabling allows for varying                                            program                                                                                        (2002)
                                       teachers in a 3-way          forms of collaborative learning and                                                                                         and expertise;
                                       partnership.                 negotiated learning                                                               Parent surveys                       the pooling of work by individuals within a group,
                                                                   Links between families and school:                                                Peer assessment                          can forge a response of greater quality, than the
                                      Exploration of
                                                                       open classrooms from 8:30 to                                                                                            contribution of individual contributors;
                                       transdisciplinary themes
                                                                           9:00am for parents to collaborate                                                                                an openness of leadership boundaries
                                       and issues important to
                                                                           with their children and teachers                                                                                     encourages greater participation in decision
                                       children, families,
                                                                       3:15pm reflection time, parents                                                                                         making across the school.
                                       community and the
                                       future                              welcome
                                                                       weekly newsletter - classroom
                                      Active participation in
                                                                           alternating with school
                                       communities supported
                                                                           publication
                                       by the school and by its
                                                                       parent meetings
                                       technical infrastructure
                                                                       communication diaries - hard
                                      Celebration of cultural             cover or ICT based
                                       difference                      establish social networks
                                                                           between home and school
                                                                       exhibitions of learning throughout
                                                                           the year
                                                                    Community Links - local and global
 Education must value and support       Exploration of and             Open ended questions focussing            Purposeful selection and design         Documentation of the ‘100          It is believed that individuals working within a distributed       Reggio Emilia Project
 democracy, with all community           listening to the ‘100           discussion on trans-disciplinary           of every physical element for a          languages of children’ to make     leadership model are more likely to:
 members respected.                      languages of children’          themes Reflection then informs             welcoming, amiable, purposeful,          learning visible; displayed               perceive of themselves as stakeholders;
The rights of a child necessitates      Documentation to make           planning                                   clarified environment.                   through wall panels, folders,             recognise that the school’s mission can be
that they have a ‘voice’, which is       learning visible               Team analysis and interpretation of       Physical design to support               digital portfolios and digital                achieved in stages;
actively listened to.                   Negotiated Learning             documentation to inform practice:          comfortable, aesthetically               presentations.                            distribute roles and tasks;
                                        Active citizenship,             observations, artefacts and                pleasing learning environments          Weekly dialogue between                   see the school’s vision as a unifying force;
                                         including student               conversations                             Diverse spaces are always                teacher and student about                 accept the leadership of others, since leaders
                                         leadership teams and           Individual Learning Journey proformas      available to the children,               Learning Journey forms which                  have expert (rather than title) authority;
                                         committees that mirror our      used to document negotiated learning       enabling children to move freely         document the negotiated                   establish collaborative teams for specific
                                         country’s parliamentary        Class meetings / Class Parliament are      from one setting to another              curriculum                                    purposes;
                                         system.                         forums for student initiated ideas         throughout the day                      Student surveys                           form communities of practice based on previous
                                        A focus on the                                                                                                                                                    experience.
                                         exploration of values,
                                         attitudes and character
                                         development



Learning is life-long.                  Building positive              Learning agreement time each day          On-going maintenance,                   Digital and hard copy portfolios   The above qualities are essential if the school of the future      Habits of the Mind - Costa
People are born with the potential       relationships between          Daily ongoing reflection on learning       enrichment and evolution of the          which share the journey of the     is to prosper as a “living” entity, constantly evolving to meet    DATT Tools - De Bono
to be autonomous, curious,               teachers and learners          Periodic individual or small group         environment.                             child through the school           ever changing needs. Under a distributed leadership model          Autonomous Learning Model
creative, powerful learners. They       Inquiry and Research            meeting with home group teacher           Some areas are semi permanent           Student led conferences mid-       there is no single line of communication, and information           – Betts
have a desire to make meaning of         based learning                  (conferencing) to discuss learning and     (stable) whilst enabling flexibility     year and as required               cannot be controlled through a single gateway, or hierarchy        Project Zero (Bialik College)
the experiences they encounter.                                          personal welfare                           for temporary change                    End of year portfolio evening      of individuals. Distributed leadership promotes:
Past learning is constantly evolving                                    Staff have collaborative planning time    Provision of home group meeting         Assessment criteria is made              collegiality (equal power, but varying capabilities);
in the light of new experiences.        Meta cognitive learning        Weekly staff meetings with a               areas                                    explicit through learning                co-operation (the means of acting together);
                                        Learning through interests      pedagogical focus                         Display areas for 2D, 3D and             profiles, key understandings             teamwork (the notion of each member playing a
It is the learner who decides what       and passions                   (Administration through emails and          multi-media work·                        and negotiated criteria                      part and being responsible for the outcome, for
and from whom he will learn.            Nurturing attitudes of          school intranet where feasible)           Other purposeful areas within the       Analysis of discussion forums                winning); and
                                         personal responsibility,       Teacher professional development           school                                   re teacher participation                 coordination (each member harmonising with the
All learners have interests and          motivation and ownership        includes: mentors, professional               Art Studio:                         Teacher professional                         efforts of others).
experiences that can be used to          of learning.                    reading, interstate and overseas                large projects                      development plans                  As such sustainability and succession planning can be
create relevant and powerful            Development of time,            travel, university links, school              Research Centre: Literacy           Teacher performance reviews        bonus by-products of distributed leadership.
learning opportunities.                  organisational and change       professional development, personal               resources
                                         management skills               weblogs                                       Da Vinci Centre:
                                        Teachers as co-learners                                                          School radio station, green
                                         with children                                                                    screen and film studio,
                                        Teaching to promote                                                              recording studio
                                         reflection through dialogue                                                   Asian studies: Japanese
                                                                                                                          resources
                                                                                                                       School hall : presentations/
                                                                                                                          whole group meeting space
                                                                                                                       Performing Arts Centre
                                                                                                                       After and before school
                                                                                                                          centre
People construct and                    Listening for pre-existing     Target teaching to scaffold learning      Creation of functional areas            Tracking of students               Responsibility for the conduct of learning programs                Constructivist learning -
co-construct meaning and bring to        understandings and              ( group size 1-10 )                        within the space for specific            understandings through a           developed for students lies with the teachers and teacher           Bruner
any learning situation, pre-existing     theories.                      Workshops to promote opportunities         purposes                                 variety of techniques:             aides in each of the school’s year level learning                  Scaffolding - Bruner
understandings and theories, which      Differentiation in the          for development in learning               Provision of diverse and rich            checklists, anecdotal records,     communities. Leadership is exercised collaboratively.              Zone of Proximal
determine their perception of the        program to cater for            agreement time ( group size 15-25 )        settings to support a wide range         interviews, school developed       Where specific knowledge and skills are required to                 Development - Vygotsky
world.                                   different abilities,           Excursions, incursions, performances       of experiences- each setting to          profiles of learning and key       address a specific need, special purpose groups
                                         interests, experiences,         and competitions to promote                have an appropriate sense of             understandings                     composed of those with the required skills and knowledge           Reciprocity between
Learning is not linear, but a myriad     attitudes and                   opportunities for learning agreement       place enclosure and to provide          Reflection by children, parents    can be established.                                                 Spontaneous and Scientific
of pathways directed by ones             temperaments                    time                                       clues as to possible use                 and staff                                                                                              Concepts - Vygotsky
experiences, beliefs and                Scaffolding of learning in     Tracking of children by home group
environment.                             meaningful contexts,            teacher ( average 24 children )
                                        Collaborative learning
                                                                       Variety of grouping practices used:
                                        Reflection on learning         interest, need based, random
                                                                        selection, child selected, teacher-
                                                                        initiated groupings.
                                                                       Use of specialist programs to enrich
                                                                        children’s learning
People learn through engagement         Questioning                   Planning incorporates the use of :        Each type of experience requires    ·Exhibitions of children’s work     At the centre of the school’s distributed leadership model     Four processes model of
in complex experiences, in which        Research based projects·              school profiles                    different facilities (space,         through a variety of languages      is a small core of senior staff responsible for exercising      Literacy - Luke & Freebody
they make relevant, purposeful          Authentic / Real Life                 key understandings                 boundaries, services, surfaces,      which also demonstrate the          ultimate responsibility for:                                   Literacy – Smith,F ; Wilson, L
connections.                             learning Tasks·                       school development                 storage, acoustics, furniture,       process of learning through               co-ordination and quality control across the            Mathematics - Lovett, Booker
                                        Core knowledge and skills                programs for thinking skills     learning materials)                  documentation                                 school;                                              Engagement – Washor
Skills, attitudes and a body of          are learnt in context·                   and ICT                         Diverse settings are seamlessly     Level of engagement of                    financial planning;                                     Relationships – Ortero
knowledge are needed to lead a          Multi-literacies developed    Planning by teams of teachers on           connected.                           children                                  liaising with the wider school community;               Social Communication –
fulfilling life.                        Trans-disciplinary             trans- disciplinary themes.               Clear circulation routes            understandings                            staff professional development;                          Stevenson, Selinger, Heppell
                                                                        (Implementation is a collaborative                                                                                        upkeep of school facilities; and
                                         learning·                                                                                                                                                                                                         Globalisation – Yong Zhao
The ubiquitous use of technology is     Higher order thinking·         process between children, parents and                                                                                     formulating the school’s vision.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Creativity – Ken Robinson
an essential component of living in                                     teachers)
                                        Deep learning
contemporary society.                                                  High level teacher knowledge of the
                                        Critical, lateral and
                                         creative thinking              Victorian Essential Learning
                                        Fostering attitudes of         Standards to implement Government
                                         optimism and enjoyment         policy within a contextual learning
                                         of learning                    framework
                                        ICT embedded in all           High level teacher knowledge of
                                         learning                       current research and teacher initiated
                                                                        school based research, informs
                                        Creativity fostered
                                                                        understandings of how people learn
                                                                        and is reflected in teaching practice

People have particular pre-             ·Meta-cognitive               ·High level teacher knowledge of          Provide discreet settings with      Collaborative analysis of           The formal leadership of the principal and assistant           Learning styles - Gregoric
dispositions to learning styles,         understandings of learning     student learning dispositions informs      appropriate enclosure to avoid       preferred dispositions of           principal, under a distributed leadership model, remains of    Learning Modalities – Coil
modalities of learning, and areas of    Understanding of personal      all aspects of pedagogy                    visual and aural distraction.        learning involving child, parents   crucial importance. They are the ones who can best:            Underachievement – Lord
intelligence.                            learning styles                                                                                                and teachers                              engage, motivate and support the staff to move           Puttnam
                                        Valuing of personal                                                      Attractive provisions of loose      Promote authentic assessment                  beyond the comfortable status quo;                   Intelligence Theories:
People respond to the expectations       differences                                                               items which provoke, attract,        practices that involve                    stimulate and lead collaborative enquiry to              Emotional Intelligence -
others place on them. High              Promoting positive self                                                   stimulate, support and engage        assessment with students                      enhance professional leading and investigate;           Coleman
expectations significantly influence     esteem, self confidence,                                                  children’s minds and bodies.        Avoid grading of students                     and                                                   Multiple Intelligence -
student achievement.                     resilience and tenacity.                                                 Acoustic design for expression       against each other.                       set and champion the (school’s) vision, even               Gardner
                                        Promoting the ability to                                                  and listening.                                                                     when the changes feel awkward and                     Creative, Academic,
                                         handle uncertainty and                                                   Freedom to move within and                                                         uncomfortable.                                          Practical Intelligence -
                                         confusion                                                                 between the spaces                                                                                                                         Sternberg
                                        Pedagogical practices that                                                                                                                         Distributed leadership does not imply simply assigning
                                         cater for the varying                                                                                                                              new tasks to teachers and calling them leaders. Instead, it
                                         dispositions of learners.                                                                                                                          involves the actual enactment of leadership tasks within
                                        Treat all children as                                                                                                                              their own roles as teachers. (Earl and Katz, 2006).
                                         ‘professors’, promoting
                                         their belief in themselves
                                         and developing their self-
                                         confidence.



                                                                                            The above principles, beliefs and practices are not discrete, but interrelate with
                                                                                                              each other to form a multitude of nuances.

						
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