Program Director/Principal Investigator (Last, First, Middle):
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Provide the following information for the Senior/key personnel and other significant contributors in the order listed on Form Page 2.
Follow this format for each person. DO NOT EXCEED FOUR PAGES.
NAME POSITION TITLE
Diehr, Paula Katherine Emeritus professor of Biostatistics and Health
eRA COMMONS USER NAME (credential, e.g., agency login) Services
EDUCATION/TRAINING (Begin with baccalaureate or other initial professional education, such as nursing, include postdoctoral training and
residency training if applicable.)
DEGREE
INSTITUTION AND LOCATION MM/YY FIELD OF STUDY
(if applicable)
Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California BS 1963 Mathematics
University of California, Los Angeles, MS 1967 Biostatistics
California
University of California, Los Angeles, PhD 1970 Biostatistics
California
Please refer to the application instructions in order to complete sections A, B, C, and D of the Biographical
Sketch.
A. Personal Statement.
The goal of this project is to evaluate and develop prognostic models of outcomes for persons with
intracerebral hemorrhage. I have done research in some relevant areas, including developing and evaluating
diagnostic and prognostic models for pneumonia, ankle fracture, headache, and ovarian cancer. I have also
worked extensively on methods to account for biases caused by failure to account for deaths, and by DNR
orders. I have worked with orders on methods to account for bias and confounding by indication. Although I
retired last year, I would be pleased to consult, as needed, with Drs. Tirschwell and Chan.
B. Positions and Honors
Positions
Assistant professor to professor of biostatistics, University of Washington, 1970-2009; emeritus professor 2009 ff.;
professor of health services
Member, American Statistical Association
Recent member of APHA and Academy Health (prior to retirement)
Editorial Boards of: Medical Care, 1978-81; Health Services Research, 1987; Statistics in Medicine, 1994-;
Annual Review of Public Health, 1996-2000; Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, 1995-2003
Health Care Technology Study Section, National Center for Health Services Research, 1980-84
Mental Health Services Research Study Section, National Institute of Mental Health, 1986-90
VA Study Section, Health Services Research and Development Service Advisory Panel: U.S. Congress Office
of Technology Assessment (OTA) Project, "Technology, Insurance, and the Health Care System," 1991-
93; Institute of Medicine, 1994-1995, 1997-2001
Member, Board of Directors, Association for Health Services Research, 1992-95
Honors
Fellow, American Statistical Association, 1994
Fellow, Association for Health Services Research, 1996
Fellow, Amer Assn for the Advancement of Science, 1997
Distinguished Faculty, University of Washington School of Public Health, 2004.
Outstanding alumna, UCLA School of Public Health, 2008
PHS 398/2590 (Rev. 06/09) Page Biographical Sketch Format Page
Program Director/Principal Investigator (Last, First, Middle):
C Publications (selected from 200 peer-reviewed publications), in chronological order
David, below you’ll see all 196 of my published articles, you may choose the most recent, or whatever is best for
you. Some that seem relevant to your work are as follows. BTW, if you just delete a reference you don’t want
they will all renumber, so you had better use some other method for identifying the pubs that I am suggesting right
here.
Evaluation of diagnostic algorithms for pneumonia (22, 26); ankle (42); ovarian cancer (193); headache (11, 15, 16).
Biases caused by not accounting for persons who die in longitudinal studies: #92, 132, 147, 148, 166
The effect of DNR orders on the evaluation of a prevention trial (95)
Methods that attempt to account for selection bias and confounding by indication in observational studies (145, 187, 196)
a) Refereed research articles
1. Diehr PK, Jackson K, Boscha MV: Access to medical care: Impact of outreach services on
enrollees of a prepaid health care plan. J Health Soc Behav 16:326-39, 1975.
2. Shortell SM, Richardson WC, LoGerfo JP, Diehr PK, Weaver B, Green K: The relationships among
dimensions of health services in two provider systems: A causal model approach. J Health Soc
Behav 18:139-59, 1977.
3. LoGerfo JP, Dynes I, Frost F, Diehr P, Richardson W: Tonsillectomies, adenoidectomies and audits:
Have surgical indications been met? Med Care 16:950-55, 1978.
4. Jackson M, LoGerfo JP, Diehr P, Watts C, Richardson W: Elective hysterectomy: A cost benefit
analysis. Inquiry 15:275-80, 1978.
5. LoGerfo J, Efird R, Diehr P, Richardson W: Rates of surgical care in prepaid group practices and
the independent setting: What are the reasons for the difference? Med Care 17:1-7, 1979.
6. Williams SJ, Diehr P, Drucker WL, Richardson WC: Mental health services: Utilization by low
income enrollees in a prepaid group practice plan and in an independent practice plan. Med Care
17:139-51, 1979.
7. Wood RW, Diehr P, Wolcott B, Slay L, Tompkins RK: Reproducibility of clinical data and decisions
in the management of upper respiratory illnesses: A double-blind comparison of physicians and
non-physician providers. Med Care 17:767-79, 1979.
8. Diehr PK, Williams SJ, Shortell SM, Richardson WC, Drucker WL: The relationship between
utilization of mental health and somatic health services among low income enrollees in two
provider plans. Med Care 17:937-52, 1979.
9. Diehr PK, Richardson WC, Shortell SM, LoGerfo JP: Increased access to medical care: The impact
on health. Med Care 17:989-99, 1979.
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10. Handsfield HH, Knapp JS, Diehr PK, Holmes KK: Correlation of auxotype and penicillin
susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with sexual preference and clinical manifestations of
gonorrhea. Sex Transm Dis 7:1-4, 1980.
11. Diehr P, Wood R, Barr V, Wolcott B, Slay L, Tompkins R: Acute headaches: Presenting symptoms
and diagnostic rules to identify patients with tension and migraine headaches. J Chronic Dis
34:147-58, 1981.
12. Branch L, Jette A, Evashwick C, Polansky M, Rowe G, Diehr P: Toward understanding elders'
health service utilization. J Community Health 7:80-92, 1981.
13. Christensen-Szalansky J, Diehr P, Wood R: Phased trial of a proven algorithm at a new primary
care clinic. Am J Public Health 72:16-21, 1982.
14. Yergan J, LoGerfo J, Shortell S, Bergner M, Diehr P, Richardson W: Health status as a measure of
need for medical care: A critique. Med Care 19(supplement):57-68, 1982.
15. Diehr P, Wood R, Wolcott B, Slay L, Tompkins RK: On the relationships among headache
symptoms. J Chronic Dis 35:321-31, 1982.
16. Diehr P, Diehr G, Koepsell T, Wood R, Beach K, Wolcott B, Slay L, Tompkins R: Cluster analysis to
determine headache types. J Chronic Dis 35:623-33, 1982.
17. Polissar L, Diehr P: Regression analysis in health services research: The use of dummy variables.
Med Care 20:959-66, 1982.
18. Christensen-Szalansky J, Diehr P, Bushyhead J, Wood R: Two studies of good clinical judgement.
Med Decis Making 2:275-83, 1982.
19. Williams S, Diehr P, Richardson W, Drucker W: Limitations and exclusions in two provider systems
with comprehensive care. J Insurance Risk 49:448-62, 1982.
20. Koepsell TD, Helfand K, Diehr P, Gurtel A, Gleser M, Tompkins R: The Seattle evaluation of
computerized drug profiles. I. Effect on provider time. Med Care 25:497-507, 1983.
21. Longstreth WT, Diehr P, Inui T: Prediction of awakening after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl
J Med 308:1378-82, 1983.
22. Bushyhead JB, Wood RW, Tompkins RK, Wolcott BW, Diehr P: The effect of chest radiographs on
the management and clinical course of patients with acute coughs. Med Care 21:661-73, 1983.
23. Koepsell TD, Gurtel AL, Diehr PH, Temkin NR, Helfand KH, Gleser MA, Tompkins RK: The Seattle
evaluation of computerized drug profiles: Effects on prescribing practices and resource use. Am J
Public Health 73:850-55, 1983.
24. Diehr P, Martin D, Price K, Friedlander L, Richardson W, Riedel D: Use of ambulatory care services
in three provider plans: Interactions between patient characteristics and plans. Am J Public Health
74:47-51, 1984.
25. Diehr P, Williams S, Martin D, Price K: Ambulatory mental health services utilization in three
provider plans. Med Care 22:1-13, 1984.
26. Diehr P, Wood R, Bushyhead J, Krueger L, Wolcott B, Tompkins R: Prediction of pneumonia in
outpatients with acute cough. J Chronic Dis 37:215-25, 1984.
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Program Director/Principal Investigator (Last, First, Middle):
27. Diehr P: Small area statistics: Large statistical problem. Am J Public Health 74:313-14, 1984.
28. Evashwick C, Rowe G, Diehr P, Branch L: Factors explaining the use of health care services by the
elderly. Health Serv Res 19:357-82, 1984.
29. Welch WP, Frank RC, Diehr P: Health care costs in health maintenance organizations: Correcting
for self-selection. In: Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research (R Scheffler,
ed.). Greenwich: JAI Press, 1984, pp. 95-128.
30. Richardson W, Martin D, Diehr P, Moore S, Riedel D: Consumer choice and cost containment: An
evaluation of Safeco's United Healthcare Plan. US Dept HHS Publ, No. 03183, 1984.
31. Diehr P, Price K, Williams S, Martin D: Use of somatic health services by patients who use or need
mental health services in three provider plans. J Med Syst 9:389-400, 1985.
32. Haglund C, Martin DP, Diehr P, Johnston R, Richardson W: Out-of-plan use by Medicare enrollees
in a risk-sharing health maintenance organization. Health Care Financ Rev 7:39-50, 1985.
33. Grazier K, Richardson W, Martin D, Diehr P: Factors affecting choice of health care plans. Health
Serv Res 20:659-82, 1986.
34. Longstreth W, Diehr P, Cobb L, Hanson R, Blair A: Neurologic outcome and blood glucose levels
during out-of-hospital cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Neurology 36:1186-91, 1986.
35. Diehr P, Price K, Williams S, Martin D: Factors relating to the use of ambulatory mental health
services in three provider plans. Soc Sci Med 23:773-80, 1986.
36. Teitz C, Hermanson B, Kronmal R, Diehr P: Evaluation of the use of braces to prevent injury to the
knee in collegiate football players. J Bone Joint Surg (A) 69:2-9, 1987.
37. Chu J, Diehr P, Feigl P, Glaefke G, Begg C, Glicksman A, Hunter C, Ford L: The effect of age on the
care of women with breast cancer in community hospitals. J Gerontol 42:185-190, 1987.
38. Ford L, Hunter C, Diehr P, Frelick R, Yates J: Effects of patient management guidelines on
physician practice patterns: The community hospital oncology program experience. J Clin Oncol
5:504-511, 1987.
39. Connell F, Diehr P, Hart G: The use of large data bases in health care studies. Annu Rev Public
Health 8:51-74, 1987.
40. Yergan J, Flood A, LoGerfo J, Diehr P: Relationship between patient race and the intensity of
hospital services. Med Care 25:592-603,1987.
41. Diehr P, Martin D, Leickly R, Krueger L, Silberg N, Barchet S: Use of ambulatory health care
services in a preferred provider organization. Med Care 25:1033-1043, 1987.
42. Diehr P, Highley R, Dehkordi F, Wood R, Krueger L: Prediction of fracture in patients with acute
musculo-skeletal ankle trauma. Med Decis Making 8:40-47, 1988.
43. Feigl P, Glaefke G, Ford L, Diehr P, Chu J: Studying patterns of cancer care: How useful is the
medical record? Am J Public Health 78:526-533, 1988.
44. Diehr P, Leickly R, Tatarsky M, Hermanson B, Krueger L, Silberg N: Use of a preferred provider by
employees of the preferred provider. Health Serv Res 23:537-554, 1988.
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45. Yergan J, Flood A, Diehr P, LoGerfo J: Relationship between patient source of payment and the
intensity of hospital services. Med Care 26:1111-1114, 1988.
46. Freeman W, Hosey G, Diehr P, Gohded D: Diabetes in American Indians: Variation of prevalence by
tribe in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Diabetes Care 12:282-289, 1989.
47. Diehr P, Yergan J, Chu J, Feigl P, Glaefke G, Moe R, Bergner M, Rodenbaugh J: Treatment modality
and quality differences for black and white breast cancer patients treated in community hospitals.
Med Care 27:942-958, 1989.
48. Martin DP, Diehr P, Price K, Richardson W: Effect of a gatekeeper plan on health services use and
charges: A randomized trial. Am J Public Health 79:1628-1632, 1989.
49. Diehr P, Cain K, Connell F, Volinn E: What is too much variation? The null hypothesis in small area
analysis. Health Serv Res 24(6):741-771, 1990 ("Article of the year," AHSR, 1991).
50. Cheadle A, Psaty B, Wagner E, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Curry S, VonKorff M: Evaluating community-
based nutrition programs: Assessing the validity and reliability of a survey of grocery store
product displays. Am J Public Health 80:709-710, 1990.
51. Bergner M, Allison C, Diehr P, Ford L, Feigl P: Early detection and control of cancer in clinical
practice. Arch Intern Med 150:431-436, 1990.
52. Diehr P, Grembowski D: A small area simulation approach to determining excess variation in dental
utilization. Am J Pubic Health 80:1343-1348, 1990.
53. Krueger L, Wood R, Diehr P, Maxwell C: Poverty and HIV seropositivity. AIDS 4:811-814, 1990.
54. Diehr P, Silberg N, Martin DP, Arlow V, Leickly R: Use of a preferred provider plan by employees of
the City of Seattle. Med Care 28:1073-1087, 1990.
55. Cheadle A, Psaty B, Curry S, Wagner E, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kristal A: Community level
comparisons between the grocery store environment and individual dietary practices. Prev Med
20:250-261, 1991.
56. Wagner E, Koepsell T, Anderman C, Cheadle A, Curry S, Psaty B, Wickizer T, Beery W, Diehr P,
Ehreth J, Kehrer B, Pearson D, Perrin E, VonKorff M: The evaluation of the Henry J Kaiser Family
Foundation's community health promotion grants program: design. J Clin Epidemiol 44:685-699,
1991.
57. Koepsell T, Martin D, Diehr P, Psaty B, Wagner E, Perrin E, Cheadle A: Data analysis and sample
size issues in evaluations of community-based health promotion and disease prevention programs:
A mixed-model analysis of variance approach. J Clin Epidemiol 44:701-713, 1991.
58. Deyo R, Diehr P, Patrick D: Reproducibility and responsiveness of health status measures:
Statistics and strategies for evaluation. Control Clin Trials 12:142S-158S, 1991.
59. Psaty B, Cheadle A, Curry S, McKenna T, Koepsell T, Wickizer T, VonKorff M, Diehr P, Perrin E,
Wagner E: Sampling elderly in the community: A comparison of commercial telemarketing lists
and random-digit dialing techniques for assessing health behaviors and health status. Am J
Epidemiol 134:96-106, 1991.
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60. Durham M, Beresford S, Diehr P, Grembowski D, Hecht J, Patrick D: Participation of higher users in
a randomized trial of Medicare reimbursement for preventive services. The Gerontologist 31:603-
606, 1991.
61. Hedrick S, Johnson R, Inui T, Diehr P: Factors associated with participation in a randomized trial of
adult day health care. The Gerontologist 31:607-610, 1991.
62. Diehr P, Madden C, Fishman P, Cheadle A, Char P: Estimating county percentages of people
without health insurance. Inquiry 28:413-419, 1991.
63. Koepsell T, Wagner E, Cheadle A, Patrick D, Kristal A, Allan-Andrilla CH, Dey L, Martin DC, Diehr P:
Selected methodological issues in evaluating community-based health promotion and disease
prevention programs. Ann Rev Public Health 13:31-57, 1992.
64. Volinn E, Mayer J, Diehr P, Van Koevering D, Connell F, Loeser J: Small area analysis of surgery for
low back pain. Spine 17:575-581, 1992.
65. Diehr P, Cain K, Kreuter W, Rosenkranz S: Can small-area analysis detect variation in surgery
rates? The power of small-area variation analysis. Med Care 30:484-502, 1992.
66. Diehr P, Koepsell T, Cheadle A, Psaty B: Assessing response bias in random-digit dialing surveys:
The telephone-prefix method. Stat Med 11:1009-1021, 1992.
67. Cain K, Diehr P: Testing the null hypothesis in small area analysis. Health Serv Res 27:267-294,
1992.
68. VonKorff M, Koepsell T, Curry S, Diehr P: Multi-level analysis in epidemiologic research on health
behaviors and outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 135 (10):1077-1082, 1992.
69. Kosorok M, Omenn G, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Patrick D: Chronic conditions, falls and restricted
activity days among older adults. Am J Public Health 82:1263-1267, 1992.
70. Ehreth J, Diehr P, Durham M, Hecht J: A tool for administrative decision-making: predicting health
status from management information system data. J Ambulatory Care Manage 15:30-39, 1992.
71. Patrick D, Madden C, Diehr P, Martin DP, Cheadle A, Skillman S: Health status and use of services
among families with and without health insurance. Med Care 30:941-949, 1992.
72. Martin DC, Diehr P, Perrin E, Koepsell T: The effect of matching on the power of randomized
community intervention studies. Stat Med 12:329-338, 1993.
73. Diehr P, Cain K, Ye Z, Abdul-Salam F: Small-area variation statistics: Methods for comparing
several diagnosis-related groups. Med Care 31(5):YS45-YS53, 1993.
74. Curry S, Wagner E, Cheadle A, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Psaty B, McBride C: Assessment of community-
level influences on individuals' attitudes about cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and consumption of
dietary fat. Am J Prev Med 9(2):78-84, 1993.
75. Cheadle A, Psaty B, Curry S, Wagner E, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kristal A: Can measures of the grocery
store environment be used to track community-level dietary changes? Prev Med 22:361-372, 1993.
76. Grembowski D, Patrick D, Diehr P, Durham M, Beresford S, Kay E, Hecht J: Self-efficacy and health
behavior among older adults. J Health Soc Behav 34:89-104, 1993.
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77. Rothman ML, Diehr P, Hedrick SC, Erdly W, Nickinovich DG: Effects of contract adult day health
care on health outcomes and satisfaction with care. Med Care 31:SS75-SS83, 1993.
78. Hedrick SC, Rothman ML, Chapko M, Ehreth J, Diehr P, Inui T, Connis RT, Grover PL, Kelly JR:
Summary and discussion of methods and results of the adult day health care evaluation study.
Med Care 31:SS94-SS103, 1993.
79. Diehr P, Koepsell T, Cheadle A, Psaty B, Wagner W, Curry S: Do communities differ in health
behavior? J Clin Epidemiol 46:1141-1149, 1993.
80. Diehr P, Madden C, Martin DP, Patrick DL, Mayers M, Char P, Skillman S, Cheadle A, Fishman P,
Hoare G: Who enrolled in a state program for the uninsured: Was there adverse selection? Med
Care 31:1093-1105, 1993.
81. Cheadle A, Psaty B, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Wagner E, Wickizer T, Curry S: An empirical exploration of
the conceptual model underlying a community-based health-promotion program. International
Quarterly of Community Health Education 13:329-363, 1993.
82. Cheadle A, Pearson D, Wagner E, Psaty B, Diehr P, Koepsell T: The relationship between socio-
economic status, health status and lifestyle practices among American Indians: Evidence from a
plains reservation. Public Health Reports 109:405-414, 1994.
83. Patrick D, Thompson D, Cheadle A, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kinne S: Validity of self-reported smoking:
Review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health 84:1086-1093, 1994.
84. Psaty B, Cheadle A, Koepsell T, Diehr P, Wickizer T, Curry S, VonKorff M, Perrin E, Wagner E: Race-
and ethnicity-specific characteristics of participants lost to follow-up in a telephone cohort. Am J
Epidemiol 140(2):161-171, 1994.
85. Haselkorn J, Turner J, Diehr P, Ciol M. Meta-Analysis: A useful tool for the spine researcher. Spine
19:2076S-2082S, 1994.
86. Deyo R, Taylor V, Diehr P, Conrad D, Cherkin D, Ciol M, Kreuter W: Analysis of automated
administrative databases to study patterns and outcomes of care. Spine 19:2083S-2091S, 1994.
87. Volinn E, Diehr P, Ciol M, Loeser J: Why does geographic variation in health care practice matter?
(Seven questions about conducting studies on geographic variation.) Spine 19:2092S-2100S, 1994.
88. Cheadle A, Psaty B, Curry S, Wagner E, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kristal A, Patrick D: Assessing the
validity of a survey of the restaurant health promotion environment. Am J Health Promot 9:88-91,
1994.
89. Hasselblad V, Mosteller F, Littenberg B, Chalmers TC, Hunink MG, Turner JA, Morton SC, Diehr P,
Wong JB, Power NR. A survey of current problems in meta-analysis: results from the AHCPR
Inter-Port work group on literature review/meta-analysis. Med Care 33:202-220, 1995.
90. Cheadle A, Psaty B, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Wagner E, Curry S, Kristal A: Evaluating community-based
nutrition programs: comparing grocery store and individual-level survey measures of program
impact. Prev Med 24:71-79, 1995.
91. McBride C, Curry S, Cheadle A, Anderman C, Wagner E, Diehr P, Psaty B: School-level application
of a social bonding model to adolescent risk-taking behavior. J Sch Health 65:63-68, 1995.
92. Diehr P, Patrick D, Hedrick S, Rothman M, Grembowski D, Raghunathan TE, Beresford S: Including
deaths when measuring health status over time. Medical Care 33:AS164-AS172, 1995.
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93. Diehr P, Martin DC, Koepsell T, Cheadle A: Breaking the matches in a paired t-test for community
interventions when the number of pairs is small. Stat Med 14:1491-1504, 1995.
94. Cheadle A, Pearson D, Wagner E, Psaty B, Diehr P, Koepsell T: Assessing the impact of a
community-based program targeting adolescent alcohol abuse on an American Indian reservation.
Public Health Reports 110:439-448, 1995.
95. Patrick D, Beresford S, Ehreth J, Diehr P, Picciano J, Durham M, Hecht J, Grembowski D:
Interpreting excess mortality in a prevention trial for older adults. Int J Epi. 24:527-533, 1995.
96. Koepsell T, Diehr P, Cheadle A, Kristal A: Invited commentary: Symposium on community
preventive trials. Am J Epi 142:594-599, 1995.
97. Madden CW, Cheadle A, Diehr P, Martin DP, Patrick DL, Skillman SM: Voluntary public health
insurance for low-income families: the decision to enroll. J Health Politics Policy and Law 20:955-
972, 1995.
98. Diehr P, Martin DC, Koepsell T, Cheadle A, Wagner E, Psaty BM: Optimal survey design for
community-intervention evaluations: cohort or cross-section? J Clin Epidemiology 48:1461-1472,
1995.
99. Anderman C, Cheadle A, Curry S, Diehr P, Shultz L, Wagner E: Selection bias related to parental
consent in research involving minors. Evaluation Review 19:663-674, 1995.
100. Diehr P, Madden CW, Cheadle A, Skillman S, Martin DP, Patrick DL: Will uninsured people
"volunteer" for voluntary insurance? Am J Pub Health 86:529-532, 1996.
101. Patrick DL, Martin DP, Madden C, Diehr P, Cheadle A, Skillman S: Dissatisfaction and disenrollment
in a subsidized managed care program. Med Care Res and Rev 54:61-79, 1997.
102. Diehr P, Psaty B, Patrick D: Effect size and power for clinical trials using years of healthy life as the
primary endpoint. Stat Med 16:1211-1224, 1997.
103. Martin D, Diehr P, Cheadle A, Madden C, Patrick D, Skillman S: Health care utilization for the Anewly
insured:@ results from the Washington Basic Health Plan. Inquiry 34:129-142, 1997.
104. O'Keefe G, Maier R, Diehr P, Grossman D, Jurkovich G, Conrad D: The complications of trauma and
their associated costs in a level I trauma center. Arch Surg 132:920-924, 1997.
105. Kristal AR, Andrilla CHA, Koepsell T, Diehr P, Cheadle A: Dietary instruments are susceptible to
intervention-associated response-set bias. J Am Diet Assoc 98:40-43, 1998.
106. Tell G, Lefkowitz D, Diehr P, Elster A: Relation between balance and cerebral magnetic resonance
abnormalities in older adults. Archives of Neurology 55:73-79, 1998.
107. Wickizer T, Wagner E, Cheadle A, Pearson D, Beery W, Psaty B, VonKorff M, Koepsell T, Diehr P:
The community health promotion program in the west I: Program development and
implementation. Milbank Mem Fund Q, 76:121-147, 1998.
108. Diehr P, Patrick DL, Bild DE, Burke GL, Williamson JD: Predicting future years of healthy life for
older adults. J Clin Epidemiology 51:343-353, 1998.
109. Diehr P, Bild DE, Harris TM, Duxbury A, Siscovick D: Body mass index and mortality in non-
smoking older adults: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Pub Hlth 88:623-629,
1998.
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110. Goldberg HI, Wagner EH, Fihn SD, Martin DP, Horowitz CR, Christensen D, Cheadle A, Diehr P,
Simon G: A randomized controlled trial of CQI teams and academic detailing: Can they alter
compliance with guidelines? Joint Commission Journal of Quality Improvement. J Qual Improv
24:130-142, 1998.
111. Martin DP, Diehr P, Conrad DA, Davis JH, Leickly R, Perrin EB: Randomized trial of a patient-
centered hospital unit. Patient Educ Couns 34:125-133, 1998.
112. Taylor V, Anderson G, McNeney B, Diehr P, Lavis J, Deyo R, Bombardier C, Malter A, Asxcell T:
Hospitalizations for back and neck problems: A comparison between the province of Ontario and
Washington State. HSR 33:929-945, 1998.
113. Kilbreth E, Coburn A, McGuire C, Martin DP, Diehr P, Madden C, Skillman C: Expanding access to
the uninsured through small business and individual coverage initiatives: Utilization experience of
state-sponsored insurance demonstration programs in Maine and Washington State. Inquiry
35:250-265, 1998.
114. Bradley KA, McDonell M, Koreli K, Kivlahan D, Diehr P, Fihn S: The AUDIT alcohol consumption
questions: reliability, validity and responsiveness to change in older male primary care patients.
Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 22:1842-1849, 1998.
115. Malmgren JA, Koepsell TD, Martin DP, Diehr P, LaCroix AZ: Mortalilty, health services use, and
health behavior in a cohort of well older adults. J Amer Geriatric Society 47:51-59, 1999.
116. Feng Z, Diehr P, Yasui Y, Evans B, Koepsell TD: Explaining community-level variance in group
randomized trials. Stat Med 18:531-556, 1999.
117. Roussel A, Grembowski D, Novak L, Patrick D, Diehr P, Williams B. Primary care physician=s
participation in managed care networks. J Ambulatory Care Manage 22:27-40, 1999.
118. Diehr P, Yanez D, Ash A, Hornbrook M, Lin DY: Methods for analyzing health care utilization and
costs. Annu Rev Public Health 20:125-144, 1999.
119. Diehr P, Patrick D, Burke G, Williamson J: Survival versus years of healthy life: which is more
powerful as a study outcome? Control Clin Trials 20:267-279, 1999.
120. Gibson JP, Koepsell TD, Diehr P, Hale C: Increasing response rates for mailed surveys of Medicaid
clients and other low income populations. Am J Epidemiol 149:1057-1062, 1999.
121. Patrick DL, Grembowski D, Durham m, Beresford S, Diehr P, Ehreth J, Hecht J, Picciano J, Beery W:
Cost and outcomes of medicare reimbursement for preventive services in an HMO. Health Care
Financ Rev 20:25-43, 1999.
122. Goldberg H, Neighbor WE, Cheadle A, Ramsey S, Diehr P, Gore E: A controlled time-series trial of
clinical reminders: using computerized firm systems to make quality-improvment research a
routine part of mainstream practice. Health Services Research 34(7):1519-1534, 2000.
123. Madden CW, Mackay BP, Skillman S, Ciol M, Diehr P: Risk adjusting capitation: Applications in two
populations. Health Management Science 3(2): 101-109, 2000.
124. Unutzer J, Patrick D, Diehr P, Simon G, Grembowski D, Daton W: Quality adjusted life years in older
adults with depressive symptoms and chronic medical disorders. (First place 1999 IPA/Bayer
Research Awards in Psychogeriatrics). International Psychogeriatrics 12:15-33, 2000.
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125. Grembowski D, Diehr P, Novak L, Roussel A, Martin DP, Patrick DL, Williams B, Ulrich CB:
Measuring the Amanagedness@ and covered benefits of health plans. Health Services Research
35:707-734, 2000.
126. Wagner E, Wickizer T, Cheadle A, Psaty B, Koepsell T, Diehr P, Curry S, VonKorff M, Anderman C,
Beery W, Pearson D, Perrin E: The Kaiser Family Foundaiont Community Health Promotions
Grants Program: Findings from an outcome evaluation. Health Services Research 35:561-589,
2000.
127. Diehr P, Williamson J, Patrick DL, Bild DE, Burke GL: Patterns of self-rated health in older adults
before and after sentinel health events. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:36-44, 2001.
128. Feng Z, Diehr P, Peterson A, McLerran D: Selected statistical issues in group randomized trials.
Annual Review of Public Health 22:167-187, 2001.
129. Longstreth WT, Diehr P, Manolio TA, Beauchamp NJ, Jungreis CA, Lefkowitz D, O’Leary D: Cluster
analysis to identify patterns of findings on cranial magnetic resonance imagine of the elderly: The
Cardiovascular Health Study. Archives of Neurology 58:635-640, 2001.
130. Reiber GE, Smith DG, Carter J, Fotieo G, Deery G, Sangeorzan J, Lavery L, Pugh J, Peter-Riesch B,
Assal JP, del Aguila M, Diehr P, Patrick DL, Boyko EJ. A comparison of diabetic foot ulcer patients
managed in VHA and non-VHA settings. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development.
38:309-317, 2001.
131. Goldberg HI, Deyo RA, Taylor VM, Cheadle AD, Conrad DA, Loeser JD, Heagerty PJ, Diehr P. Can
evidence change the rate of back surgery? A randomized controlled trial of community-based
education. Effective Clinical Practice 4:95-104, 2001.
132. Diehr P, Patrick DL, Spertus J, Kiefe CI, McDonell M, Fihn SD. Transforming self-rated health and
the SF-36 Scales to include death and improve interpretability. Medical care 39:670-680, 2001.
133. Cheadle A, Wagner E, Walls M, Diehr P, Bell M, Anderman C, McBride C, Catalano R, Pettigrew E,
Simmons R, Neckerman H. The effect of neighborhood-based community organizing: results from
the Seattle Minority Youth Health Project. Health Services Research 36:671-689, 2001.
134. Diehr P, Patrick DL. Probabilities of Transition among Health States for Older Adults. Quality of
Life Research 10:431-422, 2001.
135. Diehr P, Newman AB, Jackson SA, Kuller L, Powe N. Weight modification trials in older adults:
What should the outcome measure be? Controlled Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine 3:1-18,
2002. [On line at http://cvm.controlled-trials.com/content/3/1/1]
136. Lumley T, Diehr P, Emerson S, Chen L. The importance of the normality assumption in large public
health data sets. Annual Review of Public Health 23:151-169, 2002.
137. Diehr P, Williamson J, Burke G, Psaty B. The aging and dying process and the health of older
adults. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 55:269-278, 2002.
138. Grembowski D, Martin DP, Diehr P, Patrick DL, Williams B, Novak L, Katon W, Deyo R, Dickstein D,
Engelberg R, Goldberg H. Managed care, access to mental health specialists, and outcomes
among primary care patients with depressive symptoms. Journal of General Internal Medicine
17(4):258-269, 2002.
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139. Maciejewski M, Smith MA, Diehr P, Herbert P. Common methodological terms in health services
research and their synonyms. Medical Care 40: 477-84, 2002.
140. Pogach LM, Charns M, Wrobel J, Diehr P, Robbins J, Reiber G. Coordination improves foot care for
patients with diabetes. Transition Watch 5:4-6, 2002.
141. Herrman H, Patrick DL, Diehr P, Martin M, Fleck M, Simon G, Buesching D, the LIDO group.
Longitudinal investigation of depression outcomes in primary care in six countries: the LIDO study.
Functional status, health service use and treatment of people with depressive symptoms.
Psychological Medicine 32:889-902, 2002.
142. Pizacani B, Martin DP, Stark MJ, Koepsell TD, Thompson B, Diehr P. Household smoking bans:
which households have them and do they work? Prev Med 36:99-107, 2003.
143. Grembowski D, Martin DP, Diehr P, Patrick DL, Williams B, Novak L, Katon W, Deyo R, Dickstein D,
Engelberg R, Goldberg H. Managed care, access to specialists, and outcomes among primary care
patients with pain . Health Serv Res 38:1-19, 2003.
144. Raghunathan, T. E., Diehr, P. K., & Cheadle, A. D. Combining aggregate and individual level data to
estimate an individual level correlation coefficient. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics
28:1-19, 2003.
145. Brumback B, Greenland S, Redman M, Kiviat N, Diehr P. The intensity score approach to adjusting
for confounding. Biometrics 59:274-285, 2003.
146. Chisholm D, Diehr P, Knapp M, Patrick D, Treglia M, Simon G, on behalf of the LIDO group.
Depression status, medical comorbidity, and resource costs: evidence from an international study
of major depression in primary care (LIDO). British Journal of Psychiatry 183:121-131, 2003
147. Diehr P, Patrick DL. Trajectories of health for older adults over time: accounting fully for death.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2003. Regenstrief Conference. Annals of Internal Medicine 2003;
139:416-421.
148. Diehr P, Patrick DL, McDonell MB, Fihn SD. Accounting for deaths in longitudinal studies using the
SF-36: the performance of the Physical Component Scale of the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey
and the PCTD. Medical Care 2003; 41:1065-1073.
149. *Engels JM (Jean Mundahl), Diehr P. Imputation of Missing Longitudinal Data: a comparison of
methods. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2003; 56:968-976.
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Program Director/Principal Investigator (Last, First, Middle):
150. Wrobel JS, Charns MP, Diehr P, Robbins JM, Reiber GE, Bonacker M, Haas LB, Pogach L. The
Relationship between provider coordination and diabetes-related foot outcomes. Diabetes Care
2003; 26:3042-3047.
151. Grembowski D, Ulrich CM, Paschane D, Diehr P, Katon W, Martin D, Patrick DL, Velicer C. Managed
care and primary physician satisfaction. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 2003;
16:383-393.
152. Diehr P, Beresford SAA. The relation of dietary patterns to future survival, health, and
cardiovascular events in older adults. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2003; 56:1224-1235.
153. Meischke H, Diehr P, Rowe S, Cagle T, Eisenberg M. Evaluation of a public education program
delivered by firefighters on early recognition of a heart attack. Evaluation and the Health
Professions 2004; 27:3-21.
154. Fihn SD, McDonell MB, Diehr P, Anderson SM, Bradley KA, Au DH, Spertus JA, Burman M, Reiber
GE, Kiefe CI, Cody M, Sanders KM, Whooley MA, Rosenfeld K, Baczek LA, Sauvigne A. Effects of
sustained audit/feedback on self-reported health status of primary care patients. 2004. Am J Med.
Feb 116:241-8.
155. Pizacani B, Martin DP, Stark MJ, Koepsell TD, Thompson B, Diehr P. A prospective study of
household smoking bans and subsequent cessation related behaviour: the role of stage of change.
Tob Control. 2004. 13:23-28.
156. Andresen EM, Diehr PH, Luke DA. Public health surveillance of low-frequency populations. Annual
Review of Public Health. 2004; 25:25-52.B.
157. Ciechanowski P, Wagner E, Schmaling K, Schwartz S, Williams B, Diehr P, Kulzer J, Gray S, Collier
C, LoGerfo J. Community-integrated home-based depression treatment in older adults: a
randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291:1570-1577.
158. Ohldin A, Derleth A, McDonell M, Young B, Diehr P, Kiefe C, Fihn S. Ethnic differences in
satisfaction and quality of life in veterans with ischemic heart disease. 2004. Journal of the
National Medical Association 2004; 96:799-808.
159. Ebel BE, Mack C, Diehr P, Rivara FP. Lost working days, productivity, and restraint use among
occupants of motor vehicles that crashed in the United States.
Inj Prev. 2004 Oct;10(5):314-9.
160. Arterburn DE, McDonell MB, Hedrick SC, Diehr P, Fihn SD. Association of Body Weight with
Condition-Specific Quality of Life in Male Veterans. Amer J of Medicine. 2004; 117:738-746.
161. Yasui Y, Feng Z, Diehr P, McLerran D, Beresford S, McCulloch CE. Evaluation of community
intervention trials via generalized linear mixed models. Biometrics 2004;60:1043-52.
162. Grembowski DE, Paschane D, Diehr P, Katon W, Martin D, Patrick DL. Managed care and patient-
rated quality of specialty care. Med Care Res Rev 2005; 62: 31-55.
163. Diehr P, Chen L, Patrick D, Feng Z, Yasui Y. Reliability, effect size, and responsiveness of health
status measures in the design of randomized and cluster-randomized trials. Contemporary Clinical
Trials. 2005; 26:45-58. B.
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Program Director/Principal Investigator (Last, First, Middle):
164. Reiner A, Diehr P, Browner B, Humphries S, Jenny N, Cushman M, Tracy R,Walston J, Lumley T,
Newman A, Kuller L, Psaty B. Common promoter polymorphisms of inflammation and thrombosis
genes and longevity in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Atherosclerosis 2005;
181:175-183.
165. Fan VS, Reiber GE, Diehr P, Burman M, McDonell MB, Fihn SD. Functional status and patient
satisfaction: a comparison of ischmic heart disease, obstructive lung disease, and diabetes
mellitus. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20:452-459.
166. Diehr P, Johnson LL, Patrick DL, Psaty B. Methods for incorporating death into health-related
variables in longitudinal studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2005;58:1115-1124.
167. Diehr P, Johnson LL. Accounting for missing data in end-of-life research. J Palliat Med.
2005;8 Suppl 1:S50-7.
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168. Lind BK, Lafferty WE, Grembowski DE, Diehr PK: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use
by Insured Patients with Diabetes in Washington State. Journal of Alternative and Complementary
Medicine 2006; 12:71-77.
169. Meischke H, Diehr P, Rowe S, Cagle A, Eisenberg M. A community intervention by firefighters to
increase 911 calls and aspirin use for chest pain. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2006; 13: 389-
395.
170. Crane HM, Van Rompaey SE, Dillingham PW, Herman E, Diehr P, Kitahata M. A single-item
measure of health-related quality-of-life for HIV-infected patients in routine clinical care. AIDS
Patient Care STDs 2006; 20:161-174.
171. Diehr PH, Derleth AM, McKenna SP, Martin ML, Bushnell DM, Simon G, Patrick DL, the LIDO group.
Synchrony of change in depressive symptoms, health status, and quality of life in persons with
clinical depression. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2006; 4:27.
172. Berke EM, Ackerman RT, Lin EH, Diehr PH, Maciejewski ML, Williams B, Patrick MB, LoGerfo JP.
Distance as a barrier to using a fitness-program benefit for Managed Medicare Enrollees. Journal
of Aging and Physical Activity, 2006, 14:313-323.
173. Lind BK, Abrams C, Lafferty WE, Diehr PK, Grembowski DE: The effect of complementary and
alternative medicine claims on risk adjustment. Medical Care 2006; 44: 1078-1084.
174. Lind BK, Lafferty WE, Tyree PT, Diehr PK, Grembowski DE: Use of complementary and alternative
medicine providers by fibromyalgia patients under insurance coverage. Arthritis Rheum 2007;
57:71-76.
175. Grembowski D, Paschane D, Diehr P, Katon W, Martin D, Patrick DL. Managed care and patient
ratings of the quality of specialty care among patients with pain or depressive symptoms. BMC
Health Services Research 2007; 7:22.
176. Cagle AJ, Diehr P, Meischke H, Rea T, Olsen J, Rodrigues D, Yakovlevitch M, Amidon T, Eisenberg M.
Psychological and social impacts of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in the home. Resuscitation
2007; 27:432-438.
177. Diehr P, Derleth A, Cai L, Newman AB,. The effect of different public health interventions on longevity,
morbidity, and years of healthy life. BMC Public Health 2007; 7:52 “Highly Accessed” rating from Biomed
Central.
178. Diehr PH, Lafferty W, Patrick DL, Downey L, Devlin S, Standish LJ. Quality of life at the end of life.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2007; 5:51. “Highly Accessed” rating from Biomed Central.
179. Diehr P, Derleth A, Newman AB, Cai L. The number of sick persons in a cohort. Research on aging 2007;
29:555-575.
180. Diehr P, Yanez D, Derleth A, Newman Anne B. Age-specific prevalence and years of healthy life in a
system with 3 health states. Statistics in Medicine 2008; 27:1371-1386.
181. Hindorff L, Rice KM, Lange LA, Diehr P, Halder I, Walston J, Kwok P, Ziv E, Nievergelt C, Cummings SR,
Newman AB, Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Reiner AP. Common variants in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene in
relation to longevity and cause-specific mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.
Atherosclerosis 2008;197:922-930.
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Program Director/Principal Investigator (Last, First, Middle):
182. Diehr P, O’Meara ES, Fitzpatrick A, Newman AB, Kuller L, Burke G. Weight, mortality, years of healthy life
and active life expectancy in older adults. J American Geriatric Soc. 2008; 56:76-83.
183. Pizacani B, Stark MJ, Martin D, Koepsell TD, Thompson B, Diehr P. Longitudinal study of household
smoking ban adoption among households with at least one smoker: associated factors, barriers, and
smoker support. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2008; 10:533-540.
184. Bell JF , Zimmerman FJ, Diehr PK. Maternal Work Attributes and Birth Outcome Disparities. Maternal and
Child Health Journal 2008;12:415-426.
185. Lafferty WE, Tyree PT, Devlin SM, Andersen MR, Diehr PK. CAM provider use and expenditures by
cancer treatment phase. American Journal of Managed Care 2008;14:326-334.
186. Cai L, Schenker N, Lubitz J, Diehr P, Arnold A, Fried LP. Evaluation of a method for fitting a semi-Markov
process model in the presence of left-censored spells using the Cardiovascular Health Study. Statistics in
Medicine 2008; 27:5509-5524.
187. Starks H, Diehr P, Curtis JR. The challenge of selection bias and confounding in palliative care research.
Journal of Palliative Medicine 2009; 12:181-187.
188. Fitzpatrick AL, Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Diehr P, O’Meara ES, Longstreth WT, Luchsinger J. Midlife and late-
life obesity and the risk of dementia: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Archives of Neurology
2009;66:336-342.
189. Downey L, Diehr P, Standish LJ, Patrick DL, Kozak L, Fisher D, Congdon S, Lafferty WE. Might massage
or guided meditation provide “means to a better end?: primary outcomes from an efficacy trial with
patients at the end of life. Journal of Palliative Care 2009; 25:100-108.
190. Lind BK, Lafferty WE, Diehr PK, Grembowski DE. Chiropractic use by urban and rural residents with
insurance coverage. Journal of Rural Health 2009;25;253-258.
191. Hubbard RA, Inoue L, Diehr P. Joint modeling of self-related health and changes in physical function.
Accepted by JASA November-2008. Online July 2009
http://pubs.amstat.org/doi/pdf/10.1198/jasa.2009.ap08423.
192. Kurland BF, Johnson LL, Diehr PH. Longitudinal data with follow-up truncated by death: match the
analysis method to research aims. Statistical Science 2009; 24:211-222.
193. * Devlin SM, Diehr PH, Andersen MR, Goff BA, Tyree PT, Lafferty WE. Identification of ovarian cancer
symptoms in health insurance claims data. Journal of Women’s Health, 2010; 19:number 3.
194. * Thielke S, Diehr P, Unutzer J. Prevalence, incidence, and persistence of major depressive symptoms in
the Cardiovascular Health Study. Aging and Mental Health 2010; 14:168-176.
195. Lind BK, Lafferty WE, Tyree PT, Diehr PK. Comparison of health care expenditures among insured users
and nonusers of complementary and alternative medicine in Washington State: A cost minimization
analysis. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16:411-417.
196. Diehr P, Hirsch CH. Health benefits of increased walking for sedentary, generally healthy older adults:
using longitudinal data to approximate an intervention trial. Journal of Geontology: Medical Sciences;
Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci (2010) doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq070 First published online: May 19, 2010
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D. Research Support [only the first one is current]
N01 HC85079 (R Kronmal) 6/1/2009 5/31/2011 1.2 calendar
NHLBI
"Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) - Transition Phase"
The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is a multi-site, longitudinal epidemiological study of
atherosclerosis and CVD in the elderly, now in its 17th year of funding. This is a response to an RFP
for a business proposal only to continue the study for another three years, continuing telephone
contact only with the participants, and data collection of medical events.
1R01 HL74098-01A1 (T Rea) 6/1/2009 5/31/2010 2.4 calendar
NIH/NHLBI
"Home Automatic External Defibrillator Training for High-Risk Patients"
Using 300 sets of patients at high-risk of cardiac arrest and their family members, this study will test
four AED training programs (instructional video, video with self-efficacy, face-to-face instruction with
self-efficacy and face-to-face instruction with self-efficacy and perceived control) to determine which
one achieves optimal skills retention and psychological adjustment among heart disease patients and
the their families.
Completed
(P Diehr) 10/1/2005 9/30/2009
Dept. of Veterans Affairs
"IPA/VA DIEHR--AQUIP 03/05"
Dr. Diehr will serve as biostatistical consultant and co-investigator for two provider-randomized clinical trials:
"Improving Management of Chronic Stable Engine (Stephan Fihn, PI) and Improving the Quality of End-of-Life
Communication for Patients with COPD" (David Au, PI).
PHS 398/2590 (Rev. 06/09) Page Continuation Format Page