Thoracic Cavity
Right and Left Pleural Cavities
Parietal Pleura
Visceral (Pulmonary) Pleura
Parietal
– Costal
– Mediastinal
– Diaphragmatic
– Cupola
Connecting Pleura
Pleural Cavities
Pleural Cavities
Lungs
Light, soft, spongy
Conical in shape, apex, base, costal surface,
medial surface, hilus. Note various impressions
Right lung
– Three lobes; superior, middle and inferior
– Oblique and horizontal fissure
Left Lung
– Two lobes; superior and inferior also Lingula and
Cardiac notch, oblique fissure
Right Lung
Right Lung
Right Lung
Right Lung
Left Lung
Left Lung
Left Lung
Surface Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Airways
Trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi,
tertiary bronchi out to 25 generations
All comprised of hyaline cartilage
Trachea
– Begins where larynx ends (about C6)
– 10 cm long, half in neck, half in mediastinum
– 20 U-Shaped rings of hyaline cartilage – keeps lumen
intact but not as brittle as bone
– Lined with epithelium and cilia which work to keep
foreign bodies/irritants away from lungs
Airways
Airways
Trachea
Airways
Airways
Primary Brochi
One to each lung – continuation of trachea
– Right bronchus is wider and shorter 2.5 cm as opposed
to 5 cm and branches from the trachea at a greater angle
Secondary bronchi – one to each lobe, three in
right, two in left
Tertiary – one to each bronchopulmonary segment
– approximately 10 per lung
All of the above are hyaline cartilage with no
ability to change diameter
Bronchoscope
Tumor
Tumor
Tumor
In and Out
Bronchopulmonary Segments
Bronchopulmonary Segments
Bronchopulmonary Segments
Bronchioles
First level of airway surrounded by smooth
muscle; therefore can change diameter as in
brocho-constriction and broncho-dilation
Terminal
Respiratory
3-8 orders
alveoli
Bronchioles
Bronchioles
Gas Exchange
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated
blood to aleoli
Gas exchange occurs via diffusion through
the capillary beds
Returned to heart via pulmonary veins
Gas Exchange
Innervation
Pleura via intercostal (thoracic) nerves
Tracheobronchial tree
Parasympathetic via CN X efferent function
= broncho-constriction via smooth mm.,
also to epithelial cells in trachea; afferent =
responsible for cough reflex
Sympathetic from T1-T5 efferent = brocho-
dilation
Intercostal to Pleura
Innervation
Blood Supply
Lungs do not receive any vascular supply
from the pulmonary vessels (pulmonary aa.
or veins)
Blood delivered to lung tissue via the
bronchiole arteries
Vessels evolve from aortic arch
Travel along the bronchial tree
Blood Supply
Blood Supply