Sociology 107 Chapter 7
A) Operation Wetback
B) League of United Latin American Citizens
C) Young Lords
D) Las Gorras Blancas
E) Guadalupe Hidalgo
F) Mariel
G) push
H) Orden Hijos de America
I) Florida
J) Cesar Chavez
K) United States-Mexico
L) 1910-1917
M) Texas Rangers
N) Latino or Hispanic
O) Mexico
P) Gadsden Purchase
1. The __________ boatlifts brought Cuban refugees to the U.S. mainland from prisons and mental hospitals.
2. Cubans are found mostly in the state of __________.
3. A militant Puerto Rican organization was the __________.
4. LULAC stands for __________.
5. The organization formed by middle-class Mexican Americans in San Antonio as a signal to Anglos that they were interested in
participating in U.S. society was the __________.
6. According to Gebler et al., the police agency created as a symbol of Anglo control over Mexican was the __________.
7. A well-known organizer of farm workers in the 1960s was __________.
8. A group of bandits that protested the loss of their land to Anglos was known as _________.
9. The legislative act passed by Congress in 1986 that prohibits employers from hiring illegal immigrants is known as
__________.
10. One term for denoting Spanish-speaking ethnics in America is __________.
11. The Mexican Revolution of 1910-1917 served as a __________ factor for Mexicans seeking refuge and employment in the
United States.
12. The Mexican Revolution of ___________ was a push factor for Mexican immigration to the United States.
13. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 concluded the __________ war.
14. The United States acquired most of the Southwest between the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836 and the __________ of 1853.
15. The largest ethnic groups in the Latino population are from Cuba, Puerto Rico, and _________.
16. The treaty that guaranteed the Mexican-origin population the right to use Spanish was __________.
17. Which Latino subpopulation has the greatest percentage living below the poverty line?
A) Mexican Americans B) Puerto Ricans C) Cuban Americans D) a and b are the same
18. Which statement is not true?
A) Female Latinos tend to earn more than male Latinos.
B) Latino income averages a little less than 70% of non-Latino income.
C) Median household income for citizens of Hispanic origin was above
$40,000 as of 2006.
D) Cuban Americans median household income was higher than that of Mexican Americans.
19. Which statement is not true?
A) Mexican Americans have lower high school graduation rates than Cubans or Puerto Ricans.
B) Cuban high school graduation rates are virtually the same as non-Latinos.
C) Cuban college graduation rates are relatively close to those in the non-Latino population.
D) Puerto Ricans come close to graduating from college at a rate that is double the rate for Mexican Americans.
Page 1
20. Which statement is not true for the causes of death for Latinos and non-Latinos or whites?
A) Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for children 1 to 14.
B) Latino children ages 1 to 14 were more often victims of homicide than their white counterparts.
C) Latinos are twice as likely as non-Latino whites to die of suicide.
D) Heart disease is the leading cause of death in Latinos ages 25 and older.
21. Which one of the following does the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo not guarantee to Mexicans?
A) full American citizenship
B) ownership of land
C) legitimated and protected rights to use Spanish in public and private activities
D) legitimated rights of Mexicans in the Southwest to hold dual citizenship rights with Mexico
22. The first large-scale repatriation (deportation) of Mexicans occurred in
A) the late 1800s. B) the 1930s. C) right after World War I. D) right after World War II.
23. The Bracero Program emerged
A) during the Depression of the 1930s. B) during the Civil War. C) during World War I. D) during World War
II.
24. Operation Wetback was launched in the
A) 1940s. B) 1950s. C) 1960s. D) 1970s.
25. Most of the growth of the Mexican-origin population between 1970 and 1990 was the result of
A) high birth rates for those already in the United States. C) illegal immigration.
B) legal immigration. D) b or c more than a.
26. Which program placed the burden of not hiring illegal Mexican-origin immigrants on the employer?
A) Operation Wetback B) the Bracero Program C) the Immigration Reform and Control Act D) both a and c
27. Which has not been a negative stereotype of the Mexican-origin population?
A) greasers and macho C) banditos and crooks
B) lazy, shiftless, and lawless D) hard-working but ruthless workers
28. The early experiences of Mexicans in the Southwest immediately after the Mexican-American War can be best described as
revolving around processes of
A) colonization. B) ecological competition. C) assimilation. D) middleman minorities.
29. Which has not been a major factor in depressing wages paid to the Mexican-origin population?
A) welfare dependency
B) changes in the economy away from industrial production
C) unemployment among the Mexican-origin population
D) undocumented citizenship status
30. Which enforcement agency has been the least involved in the lives of the Mexican-origin population?
A) the Border Patrol B) the Texas Rangers C) the Highway Patrol D) the federal marshals
31. Which factor has the least influence on the adjustment of Mexican-origin children in the school system?
A) the proximity of, and movement to and from, Mexico C) the dominance of English
B) the Anglo-dominant curriculum D) the practices of the Border Patrol
32. Which was not an organization intended to expand the political participation of the Mexican-origin population?
A) Orden Hijos de America C) the Latin Defense League
B) League of United Latin American Citizens D) the Community Service Organization
33. Which act allowed Puerto Ricans access to the U.S. mainland before their island became a commonwealth?
A) the Treaty of Hidalgo B) the Smith Act C) the Jones Act D) the Dawes Act
Page 2
34. Which is not true of Puerto Ricans?
A) They can come and go freely to the mainland.
B) They are all citizens of the United States.
C) They are not harassed by the Border Patrol.
D) They are widely distributed across all regions of the United States.
35. Which is not true of Puerto Ricans?
A) They are concentrated in urban areas.
B) They are victims of a declining industrial base.
C) They are less likely to be in poverty than Mexican Americans.
D) Their neighborhoods are often overlapping with black ghettoes.
36. Which of the following is not true about both Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans?
A) They both are heavily involved in agricultural labor. C) They both move back and forth from their homelands.
B) They both experience language-based discrimination. D) They both experience job discrimination.
37. Which is not a reason for the relative powerlessness of Puerto Ricans?
A) their small numbers in key cities C) their radical political tendencies
B) their exclusion from big-city political machines D) their sense that they will eventually leave the mainland
38. The event that marked the initial migration of Cubans to America was
A) the Bay of Pigs invasion. B) the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista. C) the Mariel boatlifts. D) none of the
above.
39. Which is not a reason for the position of Cubans relative to other Latinos?
A) their anti-communism C) their entrepreneurial and professional skills
B) their high levels of education D) their bilingualism
40. Which event has most changed non-Latinos' views about Cubans?
A) the Mariel boatlifts C) the excessive entrepreneurial zeal of Cubans
B) the decline in the Cuban economy D) the loss of fear in Americans over communism
41. Which is not true of Cubans?
A) They are more successful economically than other Latinos.
B) They are less likely than other Latinos to be in poverty.
C) They are less likely than other Latinos to reveal stratification within their communities.
D) They are less likely than Mexican Americans to be involved in agriculture.
42. Which was not a trait of the Cuban Marielitos?
A) They were likely to be black. C) They were likely to be criminals.
B) They were likely to be married. D) They were likely to be poor.
43. What has caused Cubans to clash with the law?
A) the Mariel boatlifts and their aftermath C) the resentment of whites to Cuban success
B) the English-only movement D) the political radicalism of many Cubans
44. Which is not true of Cubans in the political sphere?
A) Like other Latinos, they lack effective political organization.
B) Like other Latinos, they are democratic.
C) Unlike other Latinos, they no longer pose threats to non-Latino whites and blacks.
D) All of the above are untrue.
45. Which is most true of Cubans?
A) They now pose less of a threat to Latinos than was the case two decades ago.
B) They have been able to sustain peaceful relations with the African American community.
C) They have been able to avoid an "English-only movement."
D) They are less economically and culturally homogeneous than they were twenty years ago.
Page 3
46. The Cuban refugees that came to the United States in the Mariel boatlifts were
A) predominantly darker skinned and poorer than earlier Cuban refugees.
B) better educated than earlier Cuban refugees.
C) more upwardly mobile than earlier Cuban refugees.
D) all of the above
47. The majority of Cubans arrived on the U.S. mainland
A) as tourists. B) to meet the demand for cheap labor. C) as political refugees. D) none of the above
48. Puerto Ricans are underrepresented in city politics because
A) they are not citizens of the United States. C) they do not speak English, and hence, very few vote.
B) they are ignored by the big-city political machines. D) they are too small in number.
49. The term "Latino" denotes
A) Mexicans only. B) Puerto Ricans only. C) Cubans only. D) various Spanish-language ethnic groups.
50. Puerto Ricans became citizens of the United States because of
A) direct military conquest by the United States. C) annexation of Puerto Rico by the United States in 1898.
B) treaties between Puerto Rico and the United States. D) none of the above.
51. Law enforcement agencies that targeted Mexican immigrants included
A) the Immigration and Naturalization Service. C) the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.
B) the Border Patrol and Texas Rangers. D) all of the above
52. Changing the laws from Spanish to English in the period after the Mexican-American War resulted in
A) more Mexicans' learning English.
B) acquisition of more land by Mexican Americans.
C) loss of land held by Mexican Americans.
D) better relations between Anglos and Mexican Americans.
53. Mexican Americans are segregated into a low-wage labor pool because
A) they must compete with newly arriving Mexican immigrants.
B) they have no interest in seeking better job opportunities.
C) they do not speak English.
D) all of the above
54. The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) was passed by Congress in order to
A) protect immigrants from employer exploitation. C) prohibit employers from hiring illegal immigrants.
B) facilitate the naturalization process of immigrants. D) force employers to report illegals who applied for work.
55. Operation Wetback was launched by the Border Patrol in order to
A) provide Mexican immigrants with safe passage into the United States.
B) apprehend Mexican immigrants who did not have the proper papers.
C) protect Mexican-looking persons from unnecessary search and seizure.
D) respond to requests from the Mexican government to control immigration.
56. The Bracero Program was created in order to deal with
A) labor shortages in agriculture created by World War II. C) the demand for temporary visas by Mexicans.
B) the repatriation of Mexicans in the United States. D) all of the above.
57. A pull factor for Mexican immigration to the United States was
A) the opportunity to explore new lands. C) the opportunity to get high-status jobs.
B) the opportunity to get wealthy. D) the demand for cheap labor.
58. The arrival of Anglos in the Southwest resulted in
A) greater political and economic opportunities for Mexicans.
B) greater shares of valued resources for Mexicans.
C) subordination of Chicanos as an ethnic minority.
D) security in land holdings.
Page 4
59. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in
A) 1822. B) 1848. C) 1878. D) 1932.
60. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo guaranteed Mexicans
A) as much land as they wanted.
B) the right to cross the U.S.-Mexico border whenever they wanted.
C) full American citizenship.
D) job security.
61. The two characteristics that most set Mexican-origin persons apart from white persons in U.S. society are
A) religion and skin color. B) language and culture. C) religion and language. D) skin color alone.
Page 5
Answer Key
1. F
2. I
3. C
4. B
5. H
6. M
7. J
8. D
9. A
10. N
11. G
12. L
13. K
14. P
15. O
16. E
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. C
21. D
22. B
23. D
24. B
25. A
26. C
27. D
28. A
29. A
30. D
31. D
32. C
33. C
34. D
35. C
36. A
37. A
38. B
39. D
40. A
41. C
42. B
43. A
44. B
45. D
46. A
47. C
48. B
49. D
50. C
51. B
52. C
53. A
54. C
55. B
56. A
57. D
58. C
Page 6
59. B
60. C
61. B
Page 7