Personal Samplers

							Personal Samplers


Instructional Goal
   The participants will see the
   various methods used to collect
   personal samples and how that
   may impact them on the job.
    Personal Sampling Systems

   Active samplers




   Passive samplers
    Sampling Techniques
   integrated samples are collected
       when the sensitivity of an analytical
        method requires minimum sample
        periods or volumes,
       when comparison must be made to
            an 8-hour, time-weighted average
             threshold limit value (TLV)
            an OSHA permissible exposure limit
             (PEL).
Active Samplers
Samplers mechanically collect
samples on or into a selected
medium.

The medium is then analyzed in
the laboratory to identify and
quantify the contaminant(s)
collected.
    Active sampler system
   Consists of the Following Components:
       An electrically powered pump to move
        the contaminated air.

       A sampler consisting of an appropriate
        sampling medium and a container designed
        for that medium.

       Flexible, nonporous, inert tubing to
        link the sampler to the pump.
Passive Samplers

   Advantages of passive samplers
       is their simplicity
       calibration and maintenance are reduced
        or eliminated
   Disadvantage
       If direct read, errors may occur in observer
        interpretations.
Diffusion Samplers

   some can be read
    directly
       example, colorimetric
        length-of-stain tubes
   Others require
    laboratory analysis
    Permeation Samplers
   can identify a single contaminant within a
    mixture of airborne contaminants.
       uses selective permeation of chemicals through
        a membrane
       some are the direct reading type
       others require laboratory analysis.
Personal Sampler
    Examples
 Radiation Dosimeters
    Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

   The TLD (Thermoluminescent Dosimeter)
    badges provide a permanent record of an
    individual's dose equivalent of beta,
    gamma, and x-ray radiation.
Direct-Reading Dosimeters
   are pencil-type devices
    that allow personnel to
    read and evaluate their
    exposures between TLD
    readings.
   the Chirpy, which is a
    device that emits
    "chirps" based on the
    strength of the radiation
    field
The Digital Dosimeter

   a battery-powered direct-reading
    instrument with a digital read-out in
    mR
Personal Sampling Plan

DIFFICULTIES

 must decide what to sample
 workers move around on the work
  area
 workers perform a variety of tasks
 must design efficient data tracking
  system
PELs Exceeded
Personal Monitoring is required and
the following guidelines may be used.
  Sampleworkers who are known to be in the
  most highly exposed locations.
    the most hazardous locations have not been
  If
  determined, sample all workers for a week.
  Group   workers by exposure levels.
  Sample   some members of each group every
  week.