Chapter 6

							      Chapter 6
Life-Situation Interventions:
        Interpersonal
              Definitions

 Assertive behavior: expressing and
  satisfying needs without hurting others
 Non-assertive behavior: denying own needs
  to satisfy someone else’s needs
 Aggressive behavior: meeting own needs at
  the expense of others
         Unsatisfied needs become stressors
           Definitions, cont’d
 Assertion theory: premise that everyone has
  certain basic rights
 Nonverbal assertiveness: body language consistent
  with verbal assertiveness
 Verbal assertiveness: DESC formula divided into
  four parts
   –   Describe situation
   –   Express feelings
   –   Specify change
   –   Consequences of the outcome, regardless of change
       Conflict Resolution
          Techniques
1. Active listening: repeat the other person’s
   words/feelings (paraphrasing)
2. Identify your position: state thoughts and
   feelings about the situation
3. Explore alternative solutions:
   brainstorming
    Types of Communication

 Nonverbal communication (e.g., body
  posture)
 Verbal communication
  – Plan time to talk without distractions
  – Listen and paraphrase
  – Begin with a point of agreement
Types of Communication, cont’d

 Verbal communication, cont’d
  – Use “and,” not “but”
  – Use “I” statements
  – Avoid “why” questions
        Time Management
           Techniques
 Assess how you spend time
 Set goals (short term to long term)
 Prioritize (ABC lists)
 Create a schedule
 Maximize your rewards
        Time Management
        Techniques, cont’d
 Say “no”
 Delegate
 Evaluate tasks once
 Use the circular file
 Limit interruptions
 Invest time initially
           Social Support

 Being accepted for oneself
 Matich & Sims (1992) recognized three
  types of social support
  – Tangible support (e.g., money, car)
  – Emotional support (e.g., care and concern)
  – Informational support (e.g., advice)
     Social Support, cont’d

 J.S. House (1981) added a fourth support:
   – Appraisal support, to enable self-evaluation
 Social support may help manage stress in
  two ways:
   – Helps prevent stressors from occurring
   – Buffers the effects of stressors
      Chapter 6
Life-Situation Interventions
      “Interpersonal”