From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lookism
Lookism
Part of a series on • Misogyny
• Nepotism
Discrimination
• Pedophobia
General forms • Reverse discrimination
General • Sectarianism
• Ageism • Transphobia
• Caste • Xenophobia
• Classism Manifestations
• Colorism • Blood libel
• Genism • Compulsory sterilization
• Heightism • Disability hate crime
• Linguicism • Economic
• Lookism • Eliminationism
• Mentalism • Employment
• Racism • Ethnic cleansing
• Rankism • Ethnic joke
• Religionism • Ethnocide
• Sexism • Forced conversion
• Sexualism • Freak show
• Sizeism • Gay bashing
• Speciesism • Gendercide
• Weightism • Genocide (examples)
Specific forms • Group libel
• Hate crime
Social • Hate speech
• AIDS stigma • Homeless dumping
• Ableism • Housing
• Adultism • Indian rolling
• Anti-albinism • LGBT hate crime
• Anti-homelessness • Lynching
• Anti-intellectualism • Mortgage
• Anti-left handedness • Murder Music
• Anti-Masonry • Occupational segregation
• Antisemitism • Pogrom
• Audism • Racist music
• Biphobia • Race war
• Cronyism • Religious persecution
• Elitism (academic) • Scapegoating
• Ephebiphobia • Slavery
• Fatism • Trans-bashing
• Gerontophobia • Victimization
• Heteronormativity • Wife selling
• Heterophobia • Witch-hunt
• Heterosexism
• Homonegativity Policies
• Homophobia • Segregation
• Leprosy stigma • age
• Lesbophobia • racial
• Misandry • religious
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lookism
• sex movement. It was used in the The Washington Post
• Age of candidacy Magazine in 1978, which asserted that the term was
• Blood quantum coined by "fat people" who created the word to refer to
• Cleanliness of blood "discrimination based on looks."[1] The word appears in
• Apartheid several major English language dictionaries.[2]
• Ethnocracy Lookism has received scholarly attention both from
• Gender roles a cultural studies and an economics perspective. In the
• Gerontocracy former context, lookism relates to preconceived notions
• Ghetto benches of beauty and cultural stereotyping based on appearance
• Internment as well as gender roles and expectations. Important eco-
• Jewish quota nomic considerations include the question of income
• Jim Crow laws gaps based on looks, as well as increased or decreased
• MSM blood donor controversy productivity from workers considered beautiful or ugly
• Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota) by their co-workers.
• Nuremberg Laws According to Nancy Etcoff, a psychologist at Massa-
• Racial quota chusetts General Hospital, "we face a world where look-
• Redlining ism is one of the most pervasive but denied preju-
• Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) dices."[3] Referring to several studies, Angela Stalcup
• Sodomy law writes that "The evidence clearly indicates that not only
• Ugly law is there a premium for prettiness in Western culture,
there is also penalty for plainness."[4]
Other forms In the article "Is Lookism Unjust", Louis Tietje and
• Black supremacy Steven Cresap discuss when discrimination based on
• Ethnocentrism looks can legitimately be described as unjust.[5] Tietje
• Genetic and Cresap quote evidence that suggests there exists "a
• Linguistic 7–to–9 percent ’penalty’ for being in the lowest 9 percent
• Pregnancy of looks among all workers, and a 5 percent ’premium’ for
• Supremacism being in the top 33 percent". While accepting that the ev-
• White supremacy idence indicates that such discrimination does occur, the
Related topics authors argue that it has been pervasive throughout his-
• Anti-cultural sentiment tory. Therefore there can be no clear model of injustice
• Bigotry in such discrimination, nor would legislation to address
• Diversity it be practicable. The authors conclude: "We do not see
• Eugenics how any policy interventions to redress beauty discrimi-
• Multiculturalism nation can be justified."[5]
• Neurodiversity
• Oppression See also
• Police brutality
• Political correctness • Egalitarianism
• Prejudice • Erotic capital
• Religious intolerance • Fat acceptance movement
• Religious persecution • Human physical appearance
• Stereotypes • Physical attractiveness
• Sexual field
Countermeasures • Sexual objectification
Countermeasures • Sexual selection
• Affirmative action • Social stigma
• Cultural assimilation • Stigma (sociological theory)
• Racial integration • Ugliness
• Social integration • Ugly law
References
Lookism is a term used to refer to discrimination against [1] John Ayto, 20th Century Words, Oxford: Oxford
or prejudice towards others based on their appearance. University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0198602309
The term was first coined within the Fat acceptance
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lookism
[2] Bartleby.com — "Lookism". The American Heritage
Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.
2000.
[3] William Safire. "The Way We Live Now: 8-27-00: On
Language; Lookism", New York Times Magazine,
August 27, 2000.
[4] Angela Stalcup. The Plainness Penalty: Lookism in
Western Culture.
[5] ^ Louis Tietje and Steven Cresap. (2005). "Is
Lookism Unjust?: The Ethics of Aesthetics and
Public Policy Implications". Journal of Libertarian
Studies 19 (2): 31-50.
External links
• lookism.info — German site on lookism, with English
translations
• abcnews.go.com, "The Ugly Truth About Beauty" -
article on lookism
The Ugly Duckling, book illustration by Theo van Hoytema.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lookism&oldid=459927253"
Categories:
• Discrimination
• Sexual attraction
• Human appearance
• Aesthetics
• Sociology stubs
This page was last modified on 10 November 2011 at 05:51. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of
the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact us
Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
3