From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethnic Germans
Ethnic Germans
Kingdom of Germany
Holy Roman Empire
Eastward settlement
Early Modern period
Sectionalism
18th century
Kingdom of Prussia
Unification of Germany
Confederation of the Rhine
German Argentines celebrate Oktoberfest in Villa General Bel-
grano. German Confederation & Zollverein
German Revolutions of 1848
This article is about the ethnic German diaspora. See
Germans Abroad for German citizens with residence North German Confederation
abroad. See Emigration from Germany (disambiguation)
The German Reich
for disambiguation.
German Empire
Ethnic Germans (German: Deutschstämmige historically
Deutschstämmige,
World War I
also Volksdeutsche also collectively referred to as the
Volksdeutsche),
diaspora,
German diaspora refers to people who are of German Weimar Republic
ethnicity. Many are not born in Europe or in the modern- Saar, Danzig, Memel, Austria, Sudeten
day state of Germany or hold German citizenship. They Nazi Germany
are subdivided culturally into Low German and High Ger-
man categories, also the "North" and "South" Germans World War II
Flensburg Government
and furthermore into historical regions.
History of Germany Cold War era
Occupation + Ostgebiete
Expulsion of Germans
West Germany, East Germany, and Saar
German reunification
Contemporary
New federal states
reunified Germany
This article is part of a series Topics
Early History Economic history of Germany
Germanic peoples Military history of Germany
Migration Period Territorial changes of Germany
Frankish Empire Timeline of German history
Medieval Germany History of Berlin
East Francia Names of Germany
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethnic Germans
Germany Portal
Terminology
Ancestry according to the U.S. 2000 census: Counties with plu-
rality of German ancestry in light blue
• There have been ethnic Germans in Australia since
Ethnic Germans in Hungary and parts of adjacent Austrian the founding of the New South Wales colony in 1788,
territories, census 1890 Governor Arthur Phillip (the first Governor of New
South Wales) had a German father.
Volksdeutsche "ethnic Germans" is a historical term which The first significant wave of German immigration was in
arose in the early 20th century and was used by the Nazis 1838. These Germans, mostly Prussian immigrants (but
to describe ethnic Germans living outside of the German also winegrowers from the Hesse-Nassau state and the
Empire, although many had been in other areas for cen- Rheingau). From there after, thousands of Germans emi-
turies. grated to Australia until World War I. Also, German was
Auslandsdeutsche (adj. auslandsdeutsch) is a concept the most identified ethnicity behind English and Irish in
that connotes German citizens living abroad, or alterna- Australia until World War I.
tively ethnic Germans entering Germany from abroad. After World War II, a huge number of Germans emi-
Today, this means citizen of Germany living more or less grated to Australia to escape the war-torn Europe.
permanently in another country (including long-term
academic exchange lecturers and the like), who are al- North America
lowed to vote in the Republic’s elections, but who usually
• There are over 60 million Americans of at least
do not pay taxes to Germany. In a looser but still valid
partial German ancestry in the United States,
sense, and in general discourse, the word is frequently
including various groups such as the Pennsylvania
used in lieu of the ideologically tainted term Volks-
Dutch. Of these, 23 million are of German ancestry
deutsche, denoting persons living abroad without German
alone ("single ancestry"), and another 40 million are
citizenship but defining themselves as Germans (cultural-
of partial German ancestry, making them the largest
ly or ethnically speaking).
group in the United States, followed by the Irish . Of
those who claim partial ancestry, 22 million identify
Distribution their primary ancestry ("first ancestry") as German.
The 55 million Americans of primarily German
Ethnic Germans are a minority group in many countries.
ancestry are by far the largest part of the German
(See Germans, German language, and German as a mi-
diaspora, a figure equal to nearly two-thirds the
nority language for more extensive numbers and a better
population of Germany itself. Germans form just
sense of where Germans maintain German culture and
under half the population in the Upper Midwest.[1][2]
have official recognition.) The following sections briefly
• Canada (3.2 million, 10% of the population), see also
detail the historical and present distribution of ethnic
German Canadians.
Germans by region, but generally exclude modern expa-
triates, who have a presence in the United States, Scan-
dinavia and major urban areas worldwide. See Groups at
Latin America
bottom for a list of all ethnic German groups, or continue for a They are a considerable part of the population in:
summary by region. • Brazil: By far the largest concentration of German
immigrants in the Southern Hemisphere. In
Australia Southern Brazil about 5 million people descend
directly from Germans who immigrated to the
(See German Australian)
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethnic Germans
thousand prominent Nazi leaders and politicians
fled to Argentina. Adolf Eichmann and Josef
Mengele were among them. Kurt Tank, who
developed some of the greatest WWII aircraft
fighters also entered Argentina in the late 40´s.[5]
German Argentines include the late president
Néstor Kirchner, top models Nicole Neumann,
Milagros Schmoll, basketball player Wálter
Herrmann, businessman Horst Paulmann, social
leader Juan Carlos Blumberg beermakers Otto
Bemberg and Otto Schneider, and football players
Gabriel Heinze, Federico Lussenhoff, Gabriel
Puerto Varas in southern Chile was colonized by ethnic Ger-
Schurrer, Rene Houseman, among many others.
mans
• Chile: 500,000 ~600,000 [3], Some notable German
country from the early 19th century until World War descendants in Chile are: Air Force General
II. The state of Santa Catarina is considered the most Commander Fernando Matthei Aubel, architect
German State of Brazil. Approximately 35% of its Mathias Klotz, tennis player Hans Gildemeister,
population is of German descent, the highest female athlete Marlene Ahrens, Police General
percentage among all of the Southern states. Commander Rodolfo Stange Ölckers, Musician
Altogether Brazil has over 18 million people with Patricio Manns, Army Commanders in Chief
some German ancestry and a German last name. Lieutenant General René Schneider and Division
German settlers established close to 130 towns and Generals Emil Körner, Economist Rolf Lüders,
colonies in Brazil, mainly in the South. Today, in at politicians Carlos Kuschel, Rolf Lüders
least 26 of these towns, the German language is Schwarzenberg, Miguel Kast and Evelyn Matthei,
considered the official language together with businessmen Horst Paulmann, Jürgen Paulmann,
Portuguese, with newspapers and even radios Werner Grob, Carlos Heller; TV presenters Karen
broadcasting in German. Doggenweiler, Margot Kahl, Pamela Hodar, Michael
Famous German-Brazilians include former military Müller, writer César Müller (aka Oreste Plath),
president Ernesto Geisel, politician Jorge actresses Gloria Münchmeyer, Aline Küppenheim,
Bornhausen, actress Vera Fischer, Cacilda Becker, actor Bastián Bodenhöfer, painter Rossy Ölckers, and
top models such as Gisele Bündchen, Ana publisher and orders collector Norberto Traub.
Hickmann, Letícia Birkheuer and Rodrigo Hilbert, There are also many German speaking Swiss,
musicians like Andreas Kisser and Astrud Gilberto, generally assumed as Germans, of whom some
landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx, physicist notable descendants are: Presidents Eduardo Frei
and astronomer Marcelo Gleiser, physician Adolfo (father and son) and Economist Hernán Büchi.[citation
Lutz, basketball player Oscar Schmidt, tennis needed]
player Gustavo Kuerten, swimmer Fernando • Mexico (under 1 million), see German Mexicans and
Scherer, TV host Xuxa Meneghel, Cardinals Cláudio Mennonites in Mexico.[6] Also of note, the ’Colegio
Hummes and Paulo Evaristo Arns and the Alemán Alexander von Humboldt’, or Alexander von
renowned sailor Robert Scheidt among many Humboldt school in Mexico City is the largest
others. German school outside Germany.
Notable communities of ethnic Germans exist in:
• Argentina: The German embassy in Argentina
• Peru: The communities of Oxapampa, Pozuzo, and
estimates that 600,000 Argentines, or 1.5% of the
Villa Rica in the high jungles of the Peruvian Amazon
total population, have at least partial German
basin were settled in the middle of the 19th century
ancestry.[3] These two groups are more common in
by Austrian and Prussian immigrants. Many of its
Southern Argentina, and also in Santa Fe and
present day inhabitants speak German[7] In the 18th
Cordoba provinces. A notable example is the town of
century, German immigrants settled the areas of
Villa General Belgrano, founded by Germans in the
Tingo Maria, Tarapoto, Moyobamba, and the
1930s. In the 1960s it became the site of the Fiesta
Amazonas Department.[8] German immigrants
Nacional de la Cerveza, or Oktoberfest, which has
largely settled in Lima, and to a lesser extent
become a major attraction in Argentina[4]
Arequipa.[9]
Nazi Minister Walther Darré was born in
Argentina. After the Second World War, almost a
3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethnic Germans
• Colombia: 20,000 Germans are believed to live in concentrated in various communities in the Carnic
Colombia, the majority are descendants other than Alps, north of Verona, and especially in the Sugana
recent immigrants.[citation needed] valley (it:Valsugana or Suganertal) on the high plateau
• Dominican Republic: There is a colony of around northwest of Vicenza in the Veneto Region
25,000 Germans who have settled in the country, • the Walser, who originated in the Swiss Wallis, live in
mostly on the northern coast’s Puerto Plata, as well the provinces of Aostatal, Vercelli, and Verbano-
as a colony of the descendants of German and Cusio-Ossola
Austrian Jewish refugees in Sosua.[citation needed] • the Mócheno live in the Fersina Valley (it:Valle dei
• Ecuador: 32,000, counting standard German-speakers Mocheni)
only, but an estimated 150,000 are of German Smaller German-speaking communities exist also in the
ancestry.[citation needed]. Friuli Venezia Giulia region: the Carinthians in the Canale
• Bolivia,[10] 80,000, 40,000, and 5,763 Mennonite Valley (municipalities of Tarvisio, Malborghetto Val-
German speakers respectively, as well as notable (but bruna and Pontebba) and the Zahren and Timau Germans
more assimilated) public figures from various in Carnia.
German groups. Its estimated 500,000 are of German Contrarily to the before-mentioned minorities, the
ancestry. German speaking population of the province of South Ty-
• Paraguay : 100,000 speakers. An estimated 300,000 of rol cannot be categorized as “ethnic German” according
German ancestry, including former dictator Alfredo to the definition of this article, but as Austrian minor-
Stroessner.[citation needed] ity.[11] The province formerly was part of the Austrian
• Puerto Rico: 1,453 speakers[citation needed] and the County of Tyrol before the 1919 dissolution of the Austro-
island experienced a large migration of Germans in Hungarian Empire. South Tyrolians were part of the over
the 19th century during Spanish rule.[citation needed] 3-million German speaking Austrians who in 1918 found
(Spanish) Pozuzo Information themselves living outside of the newborn Austrian
• Uruguay: 28,000 standard German, 1,200 Mennonite Republic as minorities in the newly formed or enlarged
Low German.[citation needed] respective states of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary
• Venezuela : Around 1,300 Alemán Coloniero speakers and Italy. Their dialect of South Tyrolians is Austro-
in Colonia Tovar, Aragua. The country has 50,000 of Bavarian German. Both standard German and dialect are
German ancestry.[citation needed] used in schooling and media. German enjoys co-official
status with the national language of Italian throughout
Western Europe and the Alpine nations this region.
Main article: German-speaking Europe
Alpine nations
Italy Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein each have a
German-speaking majority, though the vast majority of
the population do not identify themselves as German.
Currently over 90 percent of the Austrians see them-
selves as an independent nation. [12][13][14] In addition, an
estimated 112,000 German nationals live in Switzerland;
another 110,000 live in Austria.
Benelux
Belgium
In Belgium, there is an ethnic German minority. It is the
majority in its region of 71,000 inhabitants. Ethnologue
puts the national total of German speakers at 150,000, not
including Limburgisch and Luxembourgish).
Luxembourg
Map of Austria-Hungary in 1911, showing areas inhabited by
ethnic Germans in pink Though their language (Luxembourgish) is closely relat-
ed to the German language, Luxembourgers do not con-
There exist smaller, unique populations of Germans sider themselves ethnic Germans. In a 1941 referendum
who arrived so long ago that their dialect retains many held in Luxembourg by ethnic German residents, more
archaic features heard nowhere else: than 90% proclaimed themselves Luxembourgish by na-
• the Cimbrians (Zimbern), though celebrated since tionality, mother tongue and ethnicity.[15]
their discovery, are relatively few in number and
4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethnic Germans
Denmark and then once again during the late 17th century after
In Denmark, the part of Schleswig that is now South Jut- the Austrian-Ottoman wars to set up farms and repop-
land County (or Northern Schleswig) is inhabited by ulate the eastern regions of the Austrian Empire and
about 12,000–20,000 ethnic Germans [16] They speak Balkans.
mainly Standard German and the South Jutlandic. A few The Nazi government termed such ethnic Germans
speak Schleswigsch, a Northern Low Saxon dialect. Volksdeutsche, regardless of how long they had been resi-
dents of other countries. Now they would be considered
United Kingdom Auslandsdeutsche). After World War II, in reaction to the
In the United Kingdom, there exists a German-Briton Nazi concepts, eastern European nations such as Poland,
ethnic group of around 300,000. Some are descended the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Soviet Union and
from nineteenth century immigrants. Others are 20th Yugoslavia expelled or murdered ethnic Germans living
century immigrants and their descendants: German-Jews in their territories.
who fled Nazi Germany in the 1930s (and are unlikely to There were significant ethnic-German populations in
identify first as ethnic Germans), and World War II pris- such areas as Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine at one
oners of war held in Great Britain who decided to stay time. As recently as 1990, there were one million stan-
there. Others arrived as spouses of British soldiers from dard German speakers and 100,000 Plautdietsch speakers
post-war marriages in Germany, when British were occu- in Kazakhstan alone[citation needed], and 38,000, 40,000 and
pying forces. Many of the more recent immigrants have 101,057 standard German speakers in Ukraine, Uzbekis-
settled in the London and southeast part of the United tan, and Kyrgyzstan, respectively.[citation needed]
Kingdom, in particular, Richmond (South West London). There were reportedly 500,000 ethnic Germans in
The British Royal Family are partially descended from Poland in 1998.[17] Recent official figures show 147,000
German monarchs. (as of 2002)[4]. Of the 745,421 Germans in Romania in
1930,[18] only about 60,000 remain.[19] In Hungary the sit-
Central and Eastern Europe and the for- uation is quite similar, with only about 220,000.[20] There
are up to one million Germans in the former Soviet
mer Soviet Union Union, mostly in a band from southwestern Russia and
See also: German eastward expansion, History of German the Volga valley, through Omsk and Altai Krai (597,212
settlement in Eastern Europe, Organised persecution of Germans in Russia, 2002 Russian census) to Kazakhstan
ethnic Germans, and German exodus from Eastern (353,441 Germans in Kazakhstan, 1999 Kazakhstan cen-
Europe sus). Germany admitted approximately 1.63 million eth-
nic Germans from the former Soviet Union between 1990
and 1999.[21]
These Auslandsdeutsche, as they are now generally
known, have been streaming out of the former Eastern
Bloc since the early 1990s. For example, many ethnic Ger-
mans from the former Soviet Union have taken advan-
tage of the German Law of Return, a policy which grants
citizenship to all those who can prove to be a refugee
or expellee of German ethnic origin or the spouse or de-
scendant of such a person. This exodus has occurred de-
spite the fact that many of the ethnic Germans from the
former Soviet Union were highly assimilated and spoke
German language area in 1910–11, the boundaries of states are
little or no German.
in red. Pan-German nationalists wanted to unite much of the
green areas into one German nation-state.
Baltic states
Main article: Baltic Germans
From Celtic times the early Germans settled from the
Further information: Nazi-Soviet population transfers
Baltic all the way to the Black Sea until the great migra-
tions of the 4-6th century AD. Germans migrated again Bulgaria
eastwards during the medieval period Ostsiedlung until
Main article: Germans in Bulgaria
the Expulsion of Germans after World War II; many areas
in Central and Eastern Europe had an ethnic German Czech Republic and Slovakia
population. In the Middle Ages, Germans were invited to
Main articles: Germans in the Czech Republic and Ger-
migrate to Poland and the central and eastern regions of
mans from Slovakia
the Holy Roman Empire and also the Kingdom of Hun-
Before World War II, some 30% of the population in the
gary following the Mongol invasions of the 12th century,
Czech lands were ethnic Germans, and in the border re-
5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethnic Germans
gions and certain other areas they were even in the ma- Further information: Transylvanian Saxons, Banat
jority.[22] There are about 40,000 Germans in the Czech Swabians, Transylvanian Landler, and Expulsion of Ger-
Republic (number of Czechs who have at least partly Ger- mans from Romania after World War II
man ancestry probably runs into the hundreds of thou-
sands).[23] Their number has been consistently decreas- Former Soviet Union
ing since World War II. According to the 2001 census Main article: History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet
there remain 13 municipalities and settlements in the Union
Czech Republic with more than 10% Germans. Further information: Black Sea Germans, Bessarabia Ger-
The situation in Slovakia was different from that in mans, Bukovina Germans, Crimea Germans, Germans of
the Czech lands, in that the number of Germans was con- Kazakhstan, Caucasus Germans, Russian Mennon-
siderably lower and that the Germans from Slovakia were ite, and Volga Germans
almost completely evacuated to German states as the
Soviet army was moving west through Slovakia, and only Former Yugoslavia
a fraction of those who returned to Slovakia after the Main article: Germans of Yugoslavia
end of the war were deported with the Germans from the According to the 1921 census, the German community
Czech lands. was the largest minority group in the Kingdom of Yu-
Many representatives of expelee organizations sup- goslavia (505,790 inhabitants or 4.22%).[25]
port the erection of bilingual signs in all formerly
German-speaking territory as a visible sign of the bilin-
gual linguistic and cultural heritage of the region. The
erection of bilingual signs is permitted if a minority con-
stitutes 10% of the population.
Further information: Sudeten Germans, Carpathian Ger-
mans, and Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Main article: Germans of Hungary
Prior to World War II, approximately 1.5 million Danube
Swabians lived in Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia.[24]
Today the German minority in Hungary have minority Examples of German language in Namibia’s everyday life.
rights, organisations, schools and local councils, but
spontaneous assimilation is well under way. Many of the
deportees visited their old homes after the fall of the Iron
Africa, Oceania, and Asia
Curtain in 1990. During the long decline of the Roman Empire and the en-
Further information: Danube Swabians suing great migrations German tribes such as the Van-
dals (who sacked Rome) migrated into North Africa and
Poland settled mainly in the lands corresponding to modern Tu-
Main article: German minority in Poland nisia and northeastern Algeria.
Main article: Walddeutsche Germany was not as involved in colonizing Africa as
The remaining German minority in Poland (152,897 peo- other major European powers of the 20th century (prin-
ple were registered in the 2002 census) enjoys minority cipally because Germany was not a unified country prior
rights according to Polish minority law. There are Ger- to 1871), and lost its overseas colonies, including German
man speakers throughout Poland, and most of the Ger- East Africa and German South-West Africa, after World
mans live in the Opole Voivodship in Silesia. Bilingual War I. Similarly to those in Latin America, the Germans in
signs are posted in some towns of the region. In addition, Africa tended to isolate themselves and be more self-suf-
there are bilingual schools and German can be used in- ficient than other Europeans. In Namibia there are 30,000
stead of Polish in dealings with officials in several towns. ethnic Germans, though it is estimated that only a third
Further information: Bilingual communes in of those retain the language. Most German-speakers live
Poland, Former eastern territories of Germany, Olę- in the capital, Windhoek, and in smaller towns such as
drzy, Vistula Germans, and Flight and expulsion of Ger- Swakopmund and Lüderitz, where German architecture
mans from Poland during and after World War II is highly visible.
In South Africa, a number of Afrikaners and Boers are
Romania of partial German ancestry, being the descendants of Ger-
Main article: Germans of Romania man immigrants who intermarried with Dutch settlers
and adopted Afrikaans as their mother tongue. Professor
JA Heese in his book Die Herkoms van die Afrikaner (The Ori-
6
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethnic Germans
gins of Afrikaners) claims the modern Afrikaners (who to- Communist East Germany had relations with Uganda
tal around 3.5 million) have 34.4% German heritage. [26] and Vietnam, but in these cases population movement
Like North America, Australia has received a signif- went mostly to, not from, Germany. After the German re-
icant number of ethnic-German immigrants from Ger- unification, a large percentage of "guest workers" from
many and elsewhere. Numbers vary depending on who Communist nations sent to East Germany returned to
is counted, but moderate criteria give an estimate of their home countries.
750,000 (4% of the population). The first wave of German See also: German colonial empire and List of former
immigration to Australia began in 1838, with the arrival German colonies
of Prussian Lutheran settlers in South Australia (see Ger-
man settlement in Australia). After the Second World War,
Australia received a large influx of displaced ethnic Ger-
Groupings
mans. In the 1950s and 1960s, German immigration con- Note that many of these groups have since migrated else-
tinued as part of a large post-war wave of European im- where. This list simply gives the region with which they
migration to Australia. are associated, and does not include people from coun-
New Zealand has received modest, but steady, ethnic tries with German as an official national language, which
German immigration from the mid-19th century. Today are:
the number of New Zealanders with German ancestry is • Austria, Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein,
estimated to be approximately 200,000 (5% of the pop- Luxembourg and Switzerland.
ulation). Many German New Zealanders anglicized their In general, it also omits some collective terms in common
names during the 20th century due to the negative per- use defined by political border changes where this is an-
ception of Germans fostered by World War I and World tithetical to the current structure. Such terms include:
War II. New Zealanders of German descent include the • Ungarndeutsche / Germans of Hungary.
late former Prime Minister David Lange ( /ˈlɒŋi/ long long- • Serbiendeutsche / Germans of Serbia.
ee). The vast majority of Germans in New Zealand settled • Rumäniendeutsche / Germans of Romania.
in the North Island, with a couple settling in the Roughly grouped:
Christchurch area. Cities such as Tauranga, Hastings and, • Germans in the Czech Republic, notably:
to a lesser extent, Auckland have been somewhat influ- • Sudeten Germans in the Sudetenland.
enced by German culture and values. • Germans of East Prussia (the largest group),
During the Meiji era (1868–1912), many Germans including
came to work in Japan as advisors to the new govern- • Germans of Poland; see also:
ment. Despite Japan’s isolationism and geographic dis- • the Polonized Bambrzy (notice that Bambrzy
tance, there have been a few Germans in Japan, since Ger- are not part of German minority).
many’s and Japan’s fairly parallel modernization made • those from Lithuania: Prussian-Lithuanians and
Germans ideal O-yatoi gaikokujin. Baltic Germans.
In China, the German trading colony of Jiaozhou Bay • Baltic Germans of Latvia and Estonia, Prussian-
in what is now Qingdao existed until 1914, and did not Polonians, Prussian Latvians, and ethnic Germans
leave much more than breweries, including Tsingtao in Belarus.
Brewery. • The German-Briton group of the United Kingdom
Smaller numbers of ethnic Germans settled in the (sometimes called British Germans), and German
former Asian territories of Malaysia (British), Indonesia Poles living in the UK since the end of WWII.
(Dutch) and the Philippines (American) in the late 19th • Schleswigsch Germans in South Jutland County,
and early 20th centuries.[citation needed] In Indonesia, some Denmark.
of them became well-known figures in history, such as • German-speaking citizens of the Netherlands
C.G.C. Reinwardt (founder and first director of Bogor (386,200 - 2.37% of the population), including
Botanical Garden), Walter Spies (German of Russian ori- Limburger Germans.
gin, who became the artist that made Bali known to the • German-speaking Belgians, mostly in the German-
world), and Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn (owner of a big speaking Community of Belgium (DGB -
plantation in the south of Bandung and dubbed "the Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft Belgiens), and about 1 to
Humboldt of the East" because of his ethno-geographical 3 percent of Belgians speak German.
notes). • South Tyrol, a majority in this province of Italy.
Members of the German religious group known as • Walser originally from Wallis in Switzerland, now in
Templers settled in Palestine in the late 19th Century and Italy.
lived there for several generations, but were expelled • Cimbrians in Italy.
by the British from Mandatory Palestine during World • Móchenos in Italy.
War II, due to pro-Nazi sympathies expressed by many of
them.
7
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethnic Germans
• Germans in Slovenia: in the Gottschee County, in the • Texas Germans (see also the List of German
Lower Styrian towns of Maribor, Celje and Ptuj, and Texans).
in the Apače area. • Hutterites who speak Hutterite German.
• the Bruderhof Communities. • German Mexicans, including Mennonites in Mexico
• the original Hutterites. as well as many notable figures, see German-,
• Russian Mennonites in Ukraine, including the Austrian-, Hungarian-, and Polish- subcategories of
Mennonite Brethren. European Mexicans, esp. in the Northern states.
• Transylvanian Saxons in Romania. • Deutschbrasilianer in Brazil, whose various
• Transylvanian Landler Protestants in Romania. languages comprise Brazilian German.
• Carpathian Germans in Romania, as well as nearby • German Argentines with prominent personalities
Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine. and a notable German impact on Argentine culture.
• Zipser, from Spiš (Carpathian German heartland) to • German-Chilean with prominent personalities and a
northern Romania. notable impact in Southern Chile.
• Regat Germans in southern and eastern Romania. • Germans of Paraguay.
• Danube Swabians, including: • Germans, mostly from outside the borders of
• those in the Bačka. Germany, in the rest of Latin America, especially:
• Banat Swabians in the Serbian and Romanian • German-Puerto Ricans
Banat, as well as a handful in Bulgaria. • Peru, not many are German speakers, see German
• Satu Mare Swabians in Romania, a much smaller Peruvian.
colony as a result of the two world wars and the • Uruguay, known for a German community.
Communist era. • Venezuela, for example Colonia Tovar, where
• most Germans of Hungary (especially Swabian Alemán Coloniero is spoken.
Turkey). • Colombia, Cuba and the Dominican Republic.
• in Croatia (where it is a recognized minority • Central America.
language). …or by ethnic or religious criteria:
• and Bosnia and Herzegovina, though are now • Pennsylvania Dutch
minuscule in number since WWII. • Amish found in the USA, notably Ohio, Pennsylvania,
• Black Sea Germans in southern Ukraine, Moldova, Indiana and New York.
Romania and Bulgaria including: • Volga Germans and Plautdietsch-speaking Russian
• Germans of the Crimea. Mennonites.
• Dobrujan Germans of Romania and Bulgaria. • in Canada, (e.g. Chortitzer Mennonite
• Bukovina Germans from Bukovina. Conference).
• Bessarabia Germans roughly from what is now • in the United States, for instance in Kansas, New
Moldova. York State, and Chicago, Illinois where millions
• Germans of Volhynia (German Volhynians). of residents self-claim to be German (American).
• Galiziendeutsche in Galicia. • throughout Latin America, most notably in
• German Russians, estimated at 5 million throughout Mexico.
Russia, and German Ukrainians, included in Ukraine. • Hutterites who speak Hutterite German.
• Caucasus Germans (also Swabians) in the northern • the Bruderhof Communities, the USA and Paraguay.
Caucasus, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. In Africa, Oceania, and East Asia
• the rest of the Germans in the former USSR, • Germans of Namibia, Togo, Cameroon, Tanzania and
including: South Africa, which was never a pre-WWI German
• Volga Germans. colony.
• Russian Mennonites. • German Australians and German New Zealanders.
• Germans of Kazakhstan. • Germans in the colony of Jiaozhou Bay, China, who
• Bosporus Germans, originally craftsmen in and founded (among others) the Tsingtao Brewery in
around Istanbul, Turkey. today’s Qingdao.
• Cyprus has a German expatriate community. • Small numbers of German expatriates in East Asia
• Israel, many happen to be Jewish holocaust (Burma, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,
survivors. Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and South Korea).
In the Americas, one can divide the groups by current na- • German cultural traits remain in Papua New Guinea.
tion of residence:
• German Canadians and German-Americans, the
largest ethno-ancestral group in the USA
See also
documented by the 2000 United States Census. • Germans
• Germanic peoples
8
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethnic Germans
• Imperial Germans [9] [1]
• Volksdeutsch [10] Bolivian Reforms Raise Anxiety on Mennonite
• Auslandsdeutsch Frontier, New York Times
• Pan-Germanism [11] [2]
• Völkisch movement [12] http://gratzfeld.twoday.net/topics/
• German question Austrian+Identity/
• Unification of Germany [13] http://derstandard.at/3261105
• German as a minority language [14] http://www.photoglobe.info/ebooks/austria/
• German dialects cstudies_austria_0070.html
• German language [15] cf. the article on the Luxemburgish language on
• German exodus from Eastern Europe the German Wikipedia
• Expulsion of Germans after World War II [16] http://www.uoc.es/euromosaic/web/document/
• German language in Europe alemany/an/i2/i2.html
[17] Ethnologue report for Poland
Notes [18] German Population of Romania, 1930-1948
[19] German minority
Most numbers are from the www.ethnologue.com (see [20] German in Hungary
See also), apart from a few from German language and [21] German and Jewish migration from the former
Germans, as well as the following in-line citations: Soviet Union to Germany
[1] Who’s Counting? The 1990 Census of German- [22] Liberation - Post War Changes
Americans. On the site of The Tricentennial [23] Ethnic German Minorities in the Czech Republic,
Foundation German American Community Service. Poland and Slovakia
Accessed 12 February 2006. [24] "History of German Settlements in Southern
[2] Contents of ANCESTRY Table on the site of the Hungary" by Sue Clarkson
United States Census Bureau. Accessed 12 February [25] UNDP Human Development Report for Serbia 2005
2006. [26] How ’Pure’ was the Average Afrikaner?
[3] http://web.archive.org/web/20100213071340/
http://www.embajada-alemana.org.ar/culturas/
becas1.htm
[4] Fiesta de La Cerveza - Oktoberfest Argentina - Villa
External links
General Belgrano Ethnologue entries:
[5] Argentine Files Show Huge Effort to Harbor Nazis • Standard German
[6] "The Mennonite Old Colony Vision: Under siege in • Plautdietsch
Mexico and the Canadian Connection" (PDF). • German-American Heritage Foundation of the USA
http://www.hshs.mb.ca/ in Washington, DC
mennonite_old_colony_vision.pdf. Retrieved • http://germanfast.blogspot.com
2007-05-30. • Reassessing what we collect website – German
[7] Peruano-alemán London History of German London with objects and
[8] POZUZO. Historia - caractersiticas generales - images
Antecedentes Caminos y vias :: antecedentes
historicos clima flora y fauna posuso pozuso
posuzo
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_Germans&oldid=472855375"
Categories:
• German diaspora
This page was last modified on 23 January 2012 at 20:06. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of
the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact us
Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
9