Nokia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia









Nokia

Nokia Corporation Nokia Corporation (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnɔkiɑ])

(OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3) is a Finnish

multinational communications corporation that is head-

quartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighbouring Fin-

Type Public company land’s capital Helsinki.[2] Nokia manufactures mobile

Traded as OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3 electronic devices, mostly mobile telephones and other

devices related to communications, and in converging In-

Industry Telecommunications ternet and communications industries, with over 132,000

Internet

employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 coun-

Computer software

tries and global annual revenue of over €42 billion and

Founded Tampere, Finland, Russian Empire (1865) operating profit of €2 billion as of 2010.[1] It was the

incorporated in Nokia (1871) world’s largest manufacturer of mobile phones in 2011,

Founder(s) Fredrik Idestam with global device market share of 23% in the second

Leo Mechelin quarter.[3] Nokia’s estimated share of the converged mo-

Headquarters Espoo, Finland,European Union

bile device market was 31% in the fourth quarter, com-

pared with 38% in the third quarter of 2010.[1] Nokia pro-

Area served Worldwide duces mobile devices for every major market segment

Key people Jorma Ollila (Chairman) and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA

Stephen Elop (President & CEO) (UMTS). Nokia offers Internet services such as applica-

Timo Ihamuotila (CFO) tions, games, music, maps, media and messaging through

Kai Öistämö (CDO) its Ovi platform. Nokia’s joint venture with Siemens,

Henry Tirri (CTO) Nokia Siemens Networks produces telecommunications

Products Mobile phones network equipment, solutions and services.[4] Nokia also

Smartphones provides free-of-charge digital map information and nav-

Mobile computers igation services through its wholly owned subsidiary

Networks Navteq.[5]

(See products listing)

Nokia has sites for research and development, man-

Services Maps and navigation, music, messaging ufacture and sales in several countries; as of December

and media 2010, Nokia had R&D presence in 16 countries and em-

Software solutions ployed 35,870 people in research and development, rep-

(See services listing)

resenting approximately 27% of the group’s total work-

Revenue €42.45 billion (2010)[1] force.[1] The Nokia Research Center, founded in 1986, is

Nokia’s industrial research unit consisting of about 500

Operating €2.070 billion (2010)[1]

income researchers, engineers and scientists;[6][7] it has sites in

seven countries: Finland, China, India, Kenya, Switzer-

Net income €1.850 billion (2010)[1] land, the United Kingdom and the United States.[8] Be-

Total assets €39.12 billion (end 2010)[1] sides its research centers, in 2001 Nokia founded (and

owns) INdT – Nokia Institute of Technology, a R&D insti-

Total equity €16.23 billion (end 2010)[1] tute located in Brazil.[9] Nokia operates a total of 9 man-

Employees 132,430 (end 2010)[1] ufacturing facilities[10] located at Salo, Finland; Manaus,

Brazil; Cluj, Romania; Beijing and Dongguan, China;

Divisions Mobile Solutions

Komárom, Hungary; Chennai, India; Reynosa, Mexico;

Mobile Phones

Markets and Masan, South Korea.[11][12] Nokia’s factory in Cluj

was seized by the Romanian government in November

Subsidiaries Nokia Siemens Networks 2011 to prevent a sale of the assets, after Nokia had ac-

Navteq

cumulated a tax liability of US$ 10 million.[13] Nokia’s in-

Symbian

Vertu dustrial design department is headquartered in Soho in

Qt Development Frameworks London, UK with significant satellite offices in Helsinki,

Finland and Calabasas, California in the US.

Website Nokia.com





1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





Nokia is a public limited-liability company listed on

the Helsinki, Frankfurt, and New York stock ex-

changes.[10] Nokia plays a very large role in the economy

of Finland; it is by far the largest Finnish company, ac-

counting for about a third of the market capitalization of

the Helsinki Stock Exchange (OMX Helsinki) as of 2007, a

unique situation for an industrialized country.[14] It is an

important employer in Finland and several small compa-

nies have grown into large ones as its partners and sub-

contractors.[15] In 2009, Nokia contributed 1.6% to Fin-

land’s GDP, and accounted for about 16% of Finland’s ex-

ports in 2006.[16]

The Nokia brand, valued at $25 billion, is listed as the

14th most valuable global brand in the Interbrand/Busi-

nessWeek Best Global Brands list of 2011.[17] It is the 14th

ranked brand corporation in Europe (as of 2011),[18] the

8th most admirable Network and Other Communications

Equipment company worldwide in Fortune’s World’s Most

Admired Companies list of 2011,[19] and the world’s 143th

largest company as measured by revenue in Fortune

Global 500 list of 2011.[20] In July 2010, Nokia reported a

drop in profits by 40%,[21] which turned into an operat-

ing loss of €487 million in Q2 2011.[22] In the global smart-

phone rivalry,[23] Nokia held the 3rd place in 2Q2011,

trailing behind Samsung and Apple.[24][25]

On 11 February 2011 Nokia announced a partnership

Fredrik Idestam, founder of Nokia. Statesman Le

with Microsoft; all Nokia smartphones introduced since

then were to run under Microsoft’s Windows Phone (WP)

operating system. On 26 October 2011 Nokia unveiled its (Suomen Gummitehdas Oy) and Finnish Cable Works Ltd

first Windows Phone handsets, the WP7.5 Lumia 710 and (Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy).[28]

800.[26] Nokia’s history started in 1865 when mining engineer

Fredrik Idestam established a groundwood pulp mill on

the banks of the Tammerkoski rapids in the town of Tam-

pere, in southwestern Finland in Russian Empire and

started manufacturing paper.[29] In 1868, Idestam built a

second mill near the town of Nokia, fifteen kilometres

(nine miles) west of Tampere by the Nokianvirta river,

which had better resources for hydropower produc-

tion.[30] In 1871, Idestam, with the help of his close friend

statesman Leo Mechelin, renamed and transformed his

firm into a share company, thereby founding the Nokia

Company, the name it is still known by today.[30]

Toward the end of the 19th century, Mechelin’s wish-

es to expand into the electricity business were at first

thwarted by Idestam’s opposition. However, Idestam’s

The Nokia House, Nokia’s head office located by the Gulf of Fin- retirement from the management of the company in

land in Keilaniemi, Espoo, was constructed between 1995 and 1896 allowed Mechelin to become the company’s chair-

1997. It is the workplace of more than 1,000 Nokia employ- man (from 1898 until 1914) and sell most shareholders

ees.[27] on his plans, thus realizing his vision.[30] In 1902, Nokia

added electricity generation to its business activities.[29]

History Industrial conglomerate

In 1898, Eduard Polón founded Finnish Rubber Works,

Pre-telecommunications era manufacturer of galoshes and other rubber products,

The predecessors of the modern Nokia were the Nokia which later became Nokia’s rubber business.[28] At the

Company (Nokia Aktiebolag), Finnish Rubber Works Ltd beginning of the 20th century, Finnish Rubber Works es-



2

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





tablished its factories near the town of Nokia and they "Nalle" Westerlund (1912–2009), who founded the elec-

began using Nokia as its product brand.[31] In 1912, Arvid tronics department and let it run at a loss for 15 years.

Wickström founded Finnish Cable Works, producer of

telephone, telegraph and electrical cables and the foun- Networking equipment

dation of Nokia’s cable and electronics businesses.[28] At In the 1970s, Nokia became more involved in the

the end of the 1910s, shortly after World War I, the Nokia telecommunications industry by developing the Nokia

Company was nearing bankruptcy.[32] To ensure the con- DX 200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. The

tinuation of electricity supply from Nokia’s generators, DX 200 became the workhorse of the network equipment

Finnish Rubber Works acquired the business of the in- division. Its modular and flexible architecture enabled it

solvent company.[32] In 1922, Finnish Rubber Works ac- to be developed into various switching products.[39] In

quired Finnish Cable Works.[33] In 1937, Verner Weck- 1984, development of a version of the exchange for the

man, a sport wrestler and Finland’s first Olympic Gold Nordic Mobile Telephony network was started.[40]

medalist, became President of Finnish Cable Works, after For a while in the 1970s, Nokia’s network equipment

16 years as its Technical Director.[34] After World War II, production was separated into Telefenno, a company

Finnish Cable Works supplied cables to the Soviet Union jointly owned by the parent corporation and by a com-

as part of Finland’s war reparations. This gave the com- pany owned by the Finnish state. In 1987, the state sold

pany a good foothold for later trade.[34] its shares to Nokia and in 1992 the name was changed to

The three companies, which had been jointly owned Nokia Telecommunications.

since 1922, were merged to form a new industrial con- In the 1970s and 1980s, Nokia developed the Sanom-

glomerate, Nokia Corporation in 1967 and paved the way alaitejärjestelmä ("Message device system"), a digital,

for Nokia’s future as a global corporation.[35] The new portable and encrypted text-based communications de-

company was involved in many industries, producing at vice for the Finnish Defence Forces.[41] The current main

one time or another paper products, car and bicycle tires, unit used by the Defence Forces is the Sanomalaite M/90

footwear (including rubber boots), communications ca- (SANLA M/90).[42]

bles, televisions and other consumer electronics, person-

al computers, electricity generation machinery, robotics, First mobile phones

capacitors, military communications and equipment The technologies that preceded modern cellular mo-

(such as the SANLA M/90 device and the M61 gas mask bile telephony systems were the various "0G" pre-cel-

for the Finnish Army), plastics, aluminium and chemi- lular mobile radio telephony standards. Nokia had been

cals.[27] Each business unit had its own director who re- producing commercial and some military mobile radio

ported to the first Nokia Corporation President, Björn communications technology since the 1960s, although

Westerlund. As the president of the Finnish Cable Works, this part of the company was sold some time before the

he had been responsible for setting up the company’s later company rationalization. Since 1964, Nokia had de-

first electronics department in 1960, sowing the seeds of veloped VHF radio simultaneously with Salora Oy. In

Nokia’s future in telecommunications.[36] 1966, Nokia and Salora started developing the ARP stan-

Eventually, the company decided to leave consumer dard (which stands for Autoradiopuhelin, or car radio

electronics behind in the 1990s and focused solely on phone in English), a car-based mobile radio telephony sys-

the fastest growing segments in telecommunications.[37] tem and the first commercially operated public mobile

Nokian Tyres, manufacturer of tires, split from Nokia phone network in Finland. It went online in 1971 and of-

Corporation to form its own company in 1988[38] and fered 100% coverage in 1978.[45]

two years later Nokian Footwear, manufacturer of rubber In 1979, the merger of Nokia and Salora resulted in

boots, was founded.[31] During the rest of the 1990s, the establishment of Mobira Oy. Mobira began develop-

Nokia divested itself of all of its non-telecommunications ing mobile phones for the NMT (Nordic Mobile Telepho-

businesses.[37] ny) network standard, the first-generation, first fully au-

tomatic cellular phone system that went online in

Telecommunications era 1981.[46] In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone,

The seeds of the current incarnation of Nokia were plant- the Mobira Senator for NMT-450 networks.[46]

ed with the founding of the electronics section of the ca- Nokia bought Salora Oy in 1984 and now owning 100%

ble division in 1960 and the production of its first elec- of the company, changed the company’s telecommunica-

tronic device in 1962: a pulse analyzer designed for use in tions branch name to Nokia-Mobira Oy. The Mobira Talk-

nuclear power plants.[36] In the 1967 fusion, that section man, launched in 1984, was one of the world’s first trans-

was separated into its own division, and began manu- portable phones. In 1987, Nokia introduced one of the

facturing telecommunications equipment. A key CEO and world’s first handheld phones, the Mobira Cityman 900

subsequent Chairman of the Board was vuorineuvos Björn for NMT-900 networks (which, compared to NMT-450,

offered a better signal, yet a shorter roam). While the

Mobira Senator of 1982 had weighed 9.8 kg (22 lb) and



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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





Involvement in GSM

Nokia was one of the key developers of GSM (Global Sys-

tem for Mobile Communications),[48] the second-gener-

ation mobile technology which could carry data as well

as voice traffic. NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony), the

world’s first mobile telephony standard that enabled in-

ternational roaming, provided valuable experience for

Nokia for its close participation in developing GSM,

which was adopted in 1987 as the new European standard

for digital mobile technology.[49][50]

Nokia delivered its first GSM network to the Finnish

operator Radiolinja in 1989.[51] The world’s first commer-

cial GSM call was made on July 1, 1991 in Helsinki, Fin-

land over a Nokia-supplied network, by then Prime Min-

ister of Finland Harri Holkeri, using a prototype Nokia

GSM phone.[51] In 1992, the first GSM phone, the Nokia

1011, was launched.[51][52] The model number refers to

its launch date, 10 November.[52] The Nokia 1011 did not

yet employ Nokia’s characteristic ringtone, the Nokia

tune. It was introduced as a ringtone in 1994 with the

Nokia 2100 series.[53]

GSM’s high-quality voice calls, easy international

roaming and support for new services like text messag-

ing (SMS) laid the foundations for a worldwide boom in

mobile phone use.[51] GSM came to dominate the world

of mobile telephony in the 1990s, in mid-2008 accounting

for about three billion mobile telephone subscribers in

the world, with more than 700 mobile operators across

218 countries and territories. New connections are added

at the rate of 15 per second, or 1.3 million per day.[54]



Personal computers and IT equipment





The Mobira Cityman 150, Nokia’s NMT-900 mobile phone from

1989 (left), compared to the Nokia 1100 from 2003.[43] The Mobi-

ra Cityman line was launched in 1987.[44]



the Talkman just under 5 kg (11 lb), the Mobira Cityman

weighed only 800 g (28 oz) with the battery and had a

price tag of 24,000 Finnish marks (approximately

€4,560).[44] Despite the high price, the first phones were

almost snatched from the sales assistants’ hands. Initial-

ly, the mobile phone was a "yuppie" product and a status

symbol.[27] The Nokia Booklet 3G mini laptop.

Nokia’s mobile phones got a big publicity boost in

1987, when Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was pic- In the 1980s, Nokia’s computer division Nokia Data

tured using a Mobira Cityman to make a call from Helsin- produced a series of personal computers called

ki to his communications minister in Moscow. This led to MikroMikko.[55] MikroMikko was Nokia Data’s attempt to

the phone’s nickname of the "Gorba".[44] enter the business computer market. The first model in

In 1988, Jorma Nieminen, resigning from the post of the line, MikroMikko 1, was released on September 29,

CEO of the mobile phone unit, along with two other em- 1981,[56] around the same time as the first IBM PC. How-

ployees from the unit, started a notable mobile phone ever, the personal computer division was sold to the Bri-

company of their own, Benefon Oy (since renamed to tish ICL (International Computers Limited) in 1991, which

GeoSentric).[47] One year later, Nokia-Mobira Oy became later became part of Fujitsu.[57] MikroMikko remained a

Nokia Mobile Phones.



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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





trademark of ICL and later Fujitsu. Internationally the over its rivals, along with greater economies of

MikroMikko line was marketed by Fujitsu as the ErgoPro. scale.[68][69]

Fujitsu later transferred its personal computer oper-

ations to Fujitsu Siemens Computers, which shut down Recent history

its only factory in Espoo, Finland (in the Kilo district,

where computers had been produced since the 1960s) at Product releases

the end of March 2000,[58][59] thus ending large-scale PC

manufacturing in the country. Nokia was also known for

producing very high quality CRT and early TFT LCD dis-

plays for PC and larger systems application. The Nokia

Display Products’ branded business was sold to ViewSon-

ic in 2000.[60] In addition to personal computers and dis-

plays, Nokia used to manufacture DSL modems and digi-

tal set-top boxes.

Nokia re-entered the PC market in August 2009 with

the introduction of the Nokia Booklet 3G mini laptop.[61]



Challenges of growth

In the 1980s, during the era of its CEO Kari Kairamo,

Nokia expanded into new fields, mostly by acquisitions.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the corporation ran Reduction in size of Nokia mobile phones

into serious financial problems, a major reason being its

heavy losses by the television manufacturing division

and businesses that were just too diverse.[62] These prob-

lems, and a suspected total burnout, probably contribut-

ed to Kairamo taking his own life in 1988. After Kairamo’s

death, Simo Vuorilehto became Nokia’s Chairman and

CEO. In 1990–1993, Finland underwent severe economic

depression,[63] which also struck Nokia. Under Vuorile-

hto’s management, Nokia was severely overhauled. The

company responded by streamlining its telecommunica-

tions divisions, and by divesting itself of the television

and PC divisions.[64]

Probably the most important strategic change in

Nokia’s history was made in 1992, however, when the Evolution of the Nokia Communicator. Models 9000, 9110, 9210,

new CEO Jorma Ollila made a crucial strategic decision to 9300 and 9500 shown.

concentrate solely on telecommunications.[37] Thus, dur-

ing the rest of the 1990s, the rubber, cable and consumer Has been found unbreakable. Nokia released its first

electronics divisions were gradually sold as Nokia contin- touch screen phone, the Nokia 7710, which was a huge

ued to divest itself of all of its non-telecommunications success. In May 2007, Nokia announced that its Nokia

businesses.[37] 1100 handset, launched in 2003,[43] with over 200 million

As late as 1991, more than a quarter of Nokia’s units shipped, was the best-selling mobile phone of all

turnover still came from sales in Finland. However, after time and the world’s top-selling consumer electronics

the strategic change of 1992, Nokia saw a huge increase in product.[70] In November 2007, Nokia announced and re-

sales to North America, South America and Asia.[65] The leased the Nokia N82, its first Nseries phone with Xenon

exploding worldwide popularity of mobile telephones, flash. At the Nokia World conference in December 2007,

beyond even Nokia’s most optimistic predictions, caused Nokia announced their "Comes With Music" program:

a logistics crisis in the mid-1990s.[66] This prompted Nokia device buyers are to receive a year of complimen-

Nokia to overhaul its entire logistics operation.[67] By tary access to music downloads.[71] The service became

1998, Nokia’s focus on telecommunications and its early commercially available in the second half of 2008.

investment in GSM technologies had made the company Nokia Productions was the first ever mobile filmmak-

the world’s largest mobile phone manufacturer.[65] ing project directed by Spike Lee. Work began in April

Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia’s turnover increased al- 2008, and the film premiered in October 2008.[72]

most fivefold from 6.5 billion euros to 31 billion euros.[65] In 2008, Nokia released the Nokia E71 which was mar-

Logistics continues to be one of Nokia’s major advantages keted to directly compete with the other BlackBerry-type





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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





devices offering a full "qwerty" keyboard and cheaper December, distribution of Nokia E71 is cancelled, both

prices. Nokia announced in August 2009 that they will from NTT docomo and SoftBank Mobile. Nokia Japan re-

be selling a high-end Windows-based mini laptop called tains global research & development programs, sourcing

the Nokia Booklet 3G.[61] On September 2, 2009, Nokia business, and an MVNO venture of Vertu luxury phones,

launched two new music and social networking phones, using docomo’s telecommunications network.

the X6 and X3.[73] The Nokia X6 features 32GB of on-

board memory with a 3.2" finger touch interface and Acquisitions

comes with a music playback time of 35 hours. The Nokia For a more comprehensive list, see List of acquisitions by

X3 is a first series 40 Ovi Store-enabled device. The X3 Nokia.

is a music device that comes with stereo speakers, built-

in FM radio, and a 3.2 megapixel camera. On September

10, 2009, Nokia unveiled a new handset, the 7705 Twist,

a phone with a sports square shape that swivels open to

reveal a full QWERTY keypad.[74] The new mobile, which

will be available exclusively through Verizon Wireless,

features a 3 megapixel camera, web browsing, voice com-

mands and weighs around 3.44 ounces (98 g).



Plant movements

Nokia opened its Komárom, Hungary mobile phone fac-

tory on May 5, 2000.[75]

In March 2007, Nokia signed a memorandum with

Cluj County Council, Romania to open a new plant near

the city in Jucu commune.[12][76][77] Moving the produc-

tion from the Bochum, Germany factory to a low wage

country created an uproar in Germany.[78][79] Nokia re-

cently moved its North American Headquarters to Sun-

nyvale.



Reorganizations

In April 2003, the troubles of the networks equipment di-

vision caused the corporation to resort to similar stream-

lining practices on that side, including layoffs and or-

ganizational restructuring.[80] This diminished Nokia’s The Nokia E55 from the business segment of the Eseries range

public image in Finland,[81][82] and produced a number of

court cases and an episode of a documentary television On 22 September 2003, Nokia acquired Sega.com, a

show critical of Nokia.[83] branch of Sega which became the major basis to develop

On February 2006, Nokia and Sanyo announced a the Nokia N-Gage device.[92]

memorandum of understanding to create a joint venture On 16 November 2005, Nokia and Intellisync Corpo-

addressing the CDMA handset business. But in June, they ration, a provider of data and PIM synchronization soft-

announced ending negotiations without agreement. ware, signed a definitive agreement for Nokia to acquire

Nokia also stated its decision to pull out of CDMA re- Intellisync.[93] Nokia completed the acquisition on Febru-

search and development, to continue CDMA business in ary 10, 2006.[94]

selected markets.[84][85][86] On 19 June 2006, Nokia and Siemens AG announced

In June 2006, Jorma Ollila left his position as CEO to the companies would merge their mobile and fixed-line

become the chairman of Royal Dutch Shell[87] and to give phone network equipment businesses to create one of

way for Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo.[88][89] the world’s largest network firms, Nokia Siemens Net-

In May 2008, Nokia announced on their annual stock- works.[95] Each company has a 50% stake in the infra-

holder meeting that they want to shift to the Internet structure company, and it is headquartered in Espoo, Fin-

business as a whole. Nokia no longer wants to be seen as land. The companies predicted annual sales of €16 bn and

the telephone company. Google, Apple and Microsoft are cost savings of €1.5 bn a year by 2010. About 20,000 Nokia

not seen as natural competition for their new image but employees were transferred to this new company.

they are considered as major important players to deal On 8 August 2006, Nokia and Loudeye Corp. an-

with.[90] nounced that they had signed an agreement for Nokia

In November 2008, Nokia announced it was ceasing to acquire online music distributor Loudeye Corporation

mobile phone distribution in Japan.[91] Following early



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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





for approximately US $60 million.[96] The company has

been developing this into an online music service in the

hope of using it to generate handset sales. The service,

launched on August 29, 2007, is aimed to rival iTunes.

Nokia completed the acquisition on October 16, 2006.[97]

In July 2007, Nokia acquired all assets of Twango, the

comprehensive media sharing solution for organizing

and sharing photos, videos and other personal me-

dia.[98][99]

In September 2007, Nokia announced its intention to

acquire Enpocket, a supplier of mobile advertising tech-

nology and services.[100]

In October 2007, pending shareholder and regulatory

approval, Nokia bought Navteq, a U.S.-based supplier of

digital mapping data, for a price of $8.1 billion.[5][101]

Nokia finalized the acquisition on July 10, 2008.[102]

In September, 2008, Nokia acquired OZ Communica-

tions, a privately held company with approximately 220

employees headquartered in Montreal, Canada.[103]

On 24 July 2009, Nokia announced that it will acquire

certain assets of cellity, a privately owned mobile soft-

ware company which employs 14 people in Hamburg,

Germany.[104] The acquisition of cellity was completed

on August 5, 2009.[105]

On 11 September 2009, Nokia announced the acquisi-

tion of "certain assets of Plum Ventures, Inc, a privately

held company which employed approximately 10 people

with main offices in Boston, Massachusetts. Plum will

complement Nokia’s Social Location services".[106]

On 28 March 2010, Nokia announced the acquisition

of Novarra, the mobile web browser firm from Chicago.

Terms of the deal were not disclosed.Novarra is a private-

ly held company based in Chicago, IL and provider of a

mobile browser and service platform and has more than

100 employees.[107] Photograph taken using Nokia N82 The Nokia N8 smartphone

On 10 April 2010, Nokia announced its acquisition of is the world’s first Symbian^3 device, and the first camera

MetaCarta, whose technology was planned to be used in phone to ever feature a 12 megapixel autofocus lens.

the area of local search, particularly involving location

and other services. Financial details of acquisition were N800, N810 and N900 are as of July 2010 the only Nseries

not disclosed.[108] devices to not use Symbian OS. They use the Linux-based

Maemo.[110]

Curtailments Nokia stated that Maemo would be developed along-

Amid falling sales, Nokia posted a loss of 368 million eu- side Symbian.

ros for Q2 2011, while in Q2 2010 had still a profit of 227 Maemo has since (Maemo "6" and beyond) merged

million euros. On September 2011, Nokia has announced with Intel’s Moblin, and become MeeGo, which will con-

it will lose another 3,500 jobs worldwide, including the tinue to be developed for mobile devices.

closure of its Cluj factory in Romania.[109] The Nokia N8 is the first device to function on the

Symbian^3 mobile operating system.

Operating systems Nokia revealed that the N8 will be the last device

The first Nseries device, the N90, utilised the older Sym- in its flagship N-series devices to ship with Symbian

bian OS 8.1 mobile operating system, as did the N70. Sub- OS.[111][112]

sequently Nokia switched to using SymbianOS 9 for all Instead, Nokia will use Microsoft Windows Phone for

later Nseries devices (except the N72, which was based on its high-end flagship devices, and revealed the Nokia N9

the N70). Newer Nseries devices incorporate newer re- will function on the MeeGo mobile operating system.

visions of SymbianOS 9 that include Feature Packs. The





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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





Alliance with Microsoft On 1 April 2007, Nokia’s Networks business group was

combined with Siemens’s carrier-related operations for

On 11 February 2011, Nokia’s CEO Stephen Elop, a former fixed and mobile networks to form Nokia Siemens Net-

Microsoft employee, unveiled a new strategic alliance works, jointly owned by Nokia and Siemens and consoli-

with Microsoft, and announced it would replace Symbian dated by Nokia.[123]

and MeeGo with Microsoft’s Windows Phone operating

Mobile Solutions

system[113][114] except for mid-to-low-end devices, which

would continue to run under Symbian. Nokia was also

to invest into the Series 40 platform and release a single

MeeGo product in 2011.[115]

This news was not well received by consumers, and

has contributed to the decline in the stock price by

11%.[1]

As part of the restructuring plan, Nokia planned to

reduce spending on research and development, instead

customising and enhancing the software line for Win-

dows Phone 7.[116] Nokia’s "applications and content

store" (Ovi) becomes integrated into the Windows Phone

Marketplace, and Nokia Maps is at the heart of Mi-

crosoft’s Bing and AdCenter. Microsoft provides develop-

er tools to Nokia to replace the Qt framework, which is

The Nokia N900, a Maemo 5 Linux based mobile Internet device

not supported by Windows Phone 7 devices.[117]

and touchscreen smartphone from Nokia’s Nseries portfolio.

Symbian becomes described as a "franchise platform"

with Nokia planning to sell 150 million Symbian devices

Mobile Solutions is responsible for Nokia’s portfolio

after the alliance was set up. MeeGo emphasis is on

of smartphones and mobile computers, including the

longer-term exploration, with plans to ship "a MeeGo-re-

more expensive multimedia and enterprise-class devices.

lated product" later in 2012. Microsoft’s search engine,

The team is also responsible for a suite of internet ser-

Bing becomes the search engine for all Nokia phones.

vices under the Ovi brand, with a strong focus on maps

Nokia also gets some level of customisation on WP7.[118]

and navigation, music, messaging and media.[122] This

After this announcement, Nokia’s share price fell

unit is led by Anssi Vanjoki, along with Tero Ojanperä

about 14%, its biggest drop since July 2009.[119]

(for Services) and Alberto Torres (for MeeGo Comput-

As Nokia was the largest mobile phone manufacturer

ers).[122]

worldwide at the time,[3] it is suggested the alliance

would make Microsoft’s Windows Phone 7 a stronger

contender against Android and iOS.[117] In June 2011

Nokia was overtaken by Apple as the world’s biggest

smartphone maker by volume.[120] In August 2011 Chris

Weber, head of Nokia’s subsidiary in the U.S., stated "The

reality is if we are not successful with Windows Phone, it doesn’t

matter what we do (elsewhere)." He further added "North

America is a priority for Nokia (...) because it is a key market for

Microsoft."[121]





Corporate affairs

Corporate structure

The Nokia E90, a Symbian smartphone from Nokia’s Eseries

Divisions portfolio.

Since 1 July 2010, Nokia comprises three business groups:

Mobile Solutions Mobile Phones and Markets [122] The

Solutions, Markets. Alberto Torres has stepped down.

three units receive operational support from the Corpo- Mobile Phones

Office,

rate Development Office led by Kai Öistämö, which is al- Mobile Phones is responsible for Nokia’s portfolio of af-

so responsible for exploring corporate strategic and fu- fordable mobile phones, as well as a range of services that

ture growth opportunities.[122] people can access with them, headed by Mary T. McDow-

ell.[122] This unit provides the general public with mobile



8

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





voice and data products across a range of devices, includ-

ing high-volume, consumer oriented mobile phones. The

devices are based on GSM/EDGE, 3G/W-CDMA and CDMA

cellular technologies.

In the first quarter of 2006 Nokia sold over 15 million

MP3 capable mobile phones, which means that Nokia is

not only the world’s leading supplier of mobile phones

and digital cameras (as most of Nokia’s mobile tele-

phones feature digital cameras, it is also believed that

Nokia has recently overtaken Kodak in camera produc-

tion making it the largest in the world)[citation needed],

Nokia is now also the leading supplier of digital audio

players (MP3 players), outpacing sales of devices such

as the iPod from Apple.[citation needed] At the end of the

year 2007, Nokia managed to sell almost 440 million mo-

bile phones which accounted for 40% of all global mobile

phones sales.[124] By 2010, Nokia’s market share in the

mobile phone market had dropped to 32.6% (453 million

phones).[125]

Anssi Vanjoki resigned a few days before Nokia World

2010 and under new leadership team Jo Harlow will look

into the affairs of Smartphones portfolio.

On 27 April 2011, The Register reported that Nokia is

secretly developing a new operating system called Melte-

mi aiming at the low-end market. It is believed it will be

replacing the S30 and S40 operating systems. Due to low-

end market customers’ demand of having smartphone

features in their feature phone, the OS will include some

features exclusive to high-end smartphones.

Markets

Markets is responsible for Nokia’s supply chains, sales

channels, brand and marketing functions of the compa-

ny, and is responsible for delivering mobile solutions and

mobile phones to the market. The unit is headed by Nik-

las Savander.[122]



Subsidiaries

Nokia has several subsidiaries, of which the two most

significant as of 2009 are Nokia Siemens Networks and The Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, a touchscreen smartphone and

Navteq.[122] Other notable subsidiaries include, but are portable entertainment device which emphasizes music and

not limited to Vertu, a British-based manufacturer and multimedia playback.

retailer of luxury mobile phones; Qt Software, a

Norwegian-based software company, and OZ Communi- Nokia Siemens Networks

cations, a consumer e-mail and instant messaging Main article: Nokia Siemens Networks

provider. Nokia Siemens Networks (previously Nokia Networks)

Until 2008 Nokia was the major shareholder in Sym- provides wireless and fixed network infrastructure, com-

bian Limited, a software development and licensing com- munications and networks service platforms, as well as

pany that produced Symbian OS, a smartphone operating professional services to operators and service

system used by Nokia and other manufacturers. In 2008 providers.[122] Nokia Siemens Networks focuses in GSM,

Nokia acquired Symbian Ltd and, along with a number EDGE, 3G/W-CDMA and WiMAX radio access networks;

of other companies, created the Symbian Foundation to core networks with increasing IP and multiaccess capa-

distribute the Symbian platform royalty free and as open bilities; and services.

source. On 19 June 2006 Nokia and Siemens AG announced

the companies are to merge their mobile and fixed-line

phone network equipment businesses to create one of





9

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





the world’s largest network firms, called Nokia Siemens itoring technology is to be only used by order of legal

Networks.[95] The Nokia Siemens Networks brand iden- authorities such as judges and prosecutors. According to

tity was subsequently launched at the 3GSM World local regulations, every Bahraini phone and Internet op-

Congress in Barcelona in February 2007.[126][127] erator must provide the state with the ability to mon-

As of March 2009, Nokia Siemens Networks serves itor communications. Phone companies also must track

more than 600 operator customers in more than 150 the location of phones within a 164-foot (50-meter) ra-

countries, with over 1.5 billion people connected through dius, the rules say. NSN and Trovicor’s status as exclusive

its networks.[128] provider in Bahrain continued at least through 2009.

On 22 August 2011 Nokia Siemens became embroiled That period of more than two years coincides with the

in a scandal related to the use and abuse of surveillance dates of text messages used to interrogate scores of po-

systems delivered to the Bahrain government by one of litical detainees. Authorities used messages that dated

its former business units, Nokia Siemens Intelligence So- as far back as the mid-2000s, even in recent interroga-

lutions (NSIS). The spy gear in Bahrain was sold by tions.[130]

Siemens AG (SIE), and maintained by Nokia Siemens Net-

Navteq

works and NSN’s divested unit, Trovicor GmbH. The sale

Main article: Navteq

and maintenance contracts were also confirmed by Ben

Navteq is a Chicago, Illinois-based provider of digital map

Roome, a Nokia Siemens spokesman based in Farnbor-

data and location-based content and services for auto-

ough, England. The system was reportedly used as the in-

motive navigation systems, mobile navigation devices,

vestigative tool of choice to gather information about po-

Internet-based mapping applications, and government

litical dissidents—and silence them. Companies such as

and business solutions.[122] Navteq was acquired by

Nokia and Nokia Siemens are free to sell such equipment

Nokia on October 1, 2007.[5] Navteq’s map data is part of

almost anywhere. For the most part, the U.S. and Euro-

the Nokia Maps online service where users can download

pean countries lack export controls to deter the use of

maps, use voice-guided navigation and other context-

such systems for repression, as was the case in Bahrain

aware web services.[122] Nokia Maps is part of the Ovi

were at least 30 people were killed during the 2011 up-

brand of Nokia’s Internet based online services.

rising. Many Western nations actively support the export

of these systems of repression, e.g. to countries that are Corporate governance

home to some of the U.S. Navy’s Fleet. Monitoring cen-

The control and management of Nokia is divided among

ters, as the systems are called, are sold around the globe

the shareholders at a general meeting and the Group Ex-

by Nokia Siemens and its competitors, such as Israel-

ecutive Board (left),[131] under the direction of the Board

based Nice Systems Ltd. (NICE), and Verint Systems Inc.

of Directors (right).[132] The Chairman and the rest of the

(VRNT), headquartered in Melville, New York. They form

Group Executive Board members are appointed by the

the heart of so-called lawful interception surveillance

Board of Directors. Only the Chairman of the Group Ex-

systems. By the end of 2007, the Nokia Siemens Intelli-

ecutive Board can belong to both, the Board of Direc-

gence Solutions unit had more than 90 systems installed

tors and the Group Executive Board. The Board of Direc-

in 60 countries.[129] Besides Bahrain, several other Mid-

tors’ committees consist of the Audit Committee,[133] the

dle Eastern nations that cracked down on uprisings this

Personnel Committee[134] and the Corporate Governance

year—including Egypt, Syria and Yemen—also purchased

and Nomination Committee.[135][136]

monitoring centers from the chain of businesses now

The operations of the company are managed within

known as Trovicor. Trovicor equipment plays a surveil-

the framework set by the Finnish Companies Act,[137]

lance role in at least 12 Middle Eastern and North African

Nokia’s Articles of Association[138] and Corporate Gover-

nations. Trovicor’s precursor, which started in 1993 as

nance Guidelines,[139] and related Board of Directors

the voice- and data-recording unit of Siemens, in 2007

adopted charters.

became part of Nokia Siemens Networks, the world’s sec-

ond biggest maker of wireless communications equip-

Former corporate officers

ment. NSN, a 50-50 joint venture with Espoo, Finland-

based Nokia Oyj (NOK1V), sold the unit, known as In- Chief Executive Officers 140]

Chairmen of the Board of Directors [140]

telligence Solutions, in March 2009. The new owners, Björn 1967–1977 Lauri J. 1967–1977 Simo Vuo- 19

Guernsey-based Perusa Partners Fund 1 LP, renamed the Westerlund Kivekäs rilehto

business Trovicor, coined from the Latin and Esperanto Kari 1977–1988 Björn 1977–1979 Mika Ti- 19

words for find and heart, according to the company’s Kairamo Westerlund ivola

website. According to NSN the elevated risk of human

Simo Vuo- 1988–1992 Mika Ti- 1979–1986 Casimir 19

rights abuses was a major reason for NSN’s exiting the

rilehto ivola Ehrnrooth

monitoring-center business. In Bahrain, officials routine-

ly used the NSIS surveillance systems as a basis for the ar- Jorma 1992–2006 Kari 1986–1988

rest and torture of political opponents; legally the mon- Ollila Kairamo



10

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





131]

Group Executive Board (January 2011) [131]

Stephen Elop (Chairman), b. 1963

President, CEO and Group Executive Board Chairman of Nokia Corporation since 21 September 2010

Joined Nokia on September 21, 2010



Esko Aho, b. 1954

Executive Vice President, Corporate Relations and Responsibility

Joined Nokia 2008, Group Executive Board member since 2009

Former Prime Minister of Finland (1991–1995)



Jerri DeVard, b. 1958

Executive Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer

Joined Nokia 2011, Group Executive Board member since 2011



Timo Ihamuotila, b. 1966

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

With Nokia 1993–1996, rejoined 1999, Group Executive Board member since 2007



Mary T. McDowell, b. 1964

Executive Vice President, Mobile Phones

Joined Nokia 2004, Group Executive Board member since 2004



Dr. Tero Ojanperä, b. 1966

Executive Vice President, Services, Mobile Solutions

Joined Nokia 1990, Group Executive Board member since 2005



Niklas Savander, b. 1962

Executive Vice President, Markets

Joined Nokia 1997, Group Executive Board member since 2006



Alberto Torres, b. 1965

Executive Vice President, MeeGo Computers, Mobile Solutions

Joined Nokia 2004, Group Executive Board member since 2009



Juha Äkräs, b. 1965

Executive Vice President, Human Resources

Joined Nokia 1993, Group Executive Board member since 2010



Dr. Kai Öistämö, b. 1964

Executive Vice President, Chief Development Officer

Joined Nokia 1991, Group Executive Board member since 2005





Olli-Pekka 2006–2010 Nokia Company logo. Founded in Tampere in 1865,

Kallasvuo incorporated in Nokia in 1871.[29]





Logos

• Past









•

•



11

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





132]

Board of Directors [132]

Jorma Ollila (Chairman), b. 1950

Board member since 1995, Chairman of the Board of Directors since 1999

Chairman of the Board of Directors of Royal Dutch Shell PLC



Dame Marjorie Scardino (Vice Chairman), b. 1947

Board member since 2001

Chairman of the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee, Member of the Personnel Committee

Chief Executive Officer and member of the Board of Directors of Pearson PLC



Lalita D. Gupte, b. 1948

Board member since 2007, Member of the Audit Committee

Non-executive Chairman of the ICICI Venture Funds Management Co Ltd.



Dr. Bengt Holmström, b. 1949

Board member since 1999

Paul A. Samuelson Professor of Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

joint appointment at the MIT Sloan School of Management



Dr. Henning Kagermann, b. 1947

Board member since 2007, Member of the Personnel Committee

Former CEO and Chairman of the Executive Board of SAP AG



Per Karlsson, b. 1955

Board member since 2002, Independent Corporate Advisor

Chairman of the Personnel Committee, Member of the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee



Isabel Marey-Semper, b. 1967

Board member since 2009, Member of the Audit Committee

Chief Financial Officer, EVP in charge of strategy of PSA Peugeot Citroën



Risto Siilasmaa, b. 1966

Board member since 2008, Member of the Audit Committee

Founder and Chairman of F-Secure



Keijo Suila, b. 1945

Board member since 2006, Member of the Audit Committee





The brand logo of Finnish Rubber Works, founded in • Present

Helsinki in 1898.[31]

Logo from 1965 to 1966.









• Nokia’s current logo used since 2006,[144] with the

redesigned "Connecting People" slogan. This slogan uses

Nokia’s proprietary ’Nokia Sans’ font, designed by Erik

Spiekermann.[145]

• The Nokia Corporation "arrows" logo, used before

the "Connecting People" logo.









• Nokia introduced its "Connecting People" advertising

slogan, coined by Ove Strandberg[141] and used since • Nokia Siemens Networks logo. Founded in 2007.

1992.[142] This earlier version of the slogan used Times Roman

SC (Small Caps) font.[143]





12

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





Stock Since then, Nokia has launched the largest mobile portal,

Nokia.mobi, which receives over 100 million visits a

Nokia, a public limited liability company, is the oldest

month.[151] It followed that with the launch of a mobile

company listed under the same name on the Helsinki

Ad Service to cater to the growing demand for mobile ad-

Stock Exchange (since 1915).[27] Nokia’s shares are also

vertisement.[152]

listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (since 1988) and

New York Stock Exchange (since 1994).[10][27]

In 1 June 2011 Nokia shares dropped to their lowest

Ovi

in more than 13 years. Nokia shares fell as much as 10 Main article: Ovi (Nokia)

percent, extending their previous day’s by 18 percent

fall.[146]

For fiscal Q2 2011 ending in June 2011, Nokia reported

a net loss of 492 million EUR, despite a 430 million EUR

payment from Apple. Nokia cited decline in its mobile

phone business as the primary cause of the loss.[147]



Corporate culture







Nokia Ovi logo.



Ovi, announced on 29 August 2007, is the name for

Nokia’s "umbrella concept" Internet services.[153] Cen-

tered on Ovi.com, it is marketed as a "personal dash-

board" where users can share photos with friends, down-

load music, maps and games directly to their phones and

access third-party services like Yahoo’s Flickr photo site.

It has some significance in that Nokia is moving deeper

The Nokia House, Nokia’s head office in Keilaniemi, Espoo, Fin-

land. into the world of Internet services, where head-on com-

petition with Microsoft, Google and Apple is in-

Nokia’s official corporate culture manifesto, The Nokia evitable.[154]

Way, emphasises the speed and flexibility of decision- The services offered through Ovi include the Ovi

making in a flat, networked organization, although the Store (Nokia’s application store), the Nokia Music Store,

corporation’s size necessarily imposes a certain amount Nokia Maps, Ovi Mail, the N-Gage mobile gaming plat-

of bureaucracy.[148] form available for several S60 smartphones, Ovi Share,

The official business language of Nokia is English. All Ovi Files, and Contacts and Calendar.[155] The Ovi Store,

documentation is written in English, and is used in offi- the Ovi application store was launched in May 2009.[156]

cial intra-company spoken communication and e-mail. Prior to opening the Ovi Store, Nokia integrated its soft-

Until May 2007, the Nokia Values were Customer Sat- ware Download! store, the stripped-down MOSH reposi-

isfaction, Respect, Achievement, and Renewal. In May tory and the widget service WidSets into it.[157]

2007, Nokia redefined its values after initiating a series of On 23 March 2010, Nokia announced launch of its on-

discussions worldwide as to what the new values of the line magazine called the Nokia Ovi. The 44-page magazine

company should be. Based on the employee suggestions, contains articles on products by Nokia, what Ovi stands

the new values were defined as: Engaging You, Achieving for, tips and tricks on the usage of Nokia mini laptop

Together, Passion for Innovation and Very Human. [148] Booklet 3G, latest reviews of mobile applications, news

about the mobile maker’s services and apps such as Ovi

maps, files and mail. Users can download the magazine as

Online services a PDF or view it online from the Nokia website.[158]



.mobi and the Mobile Web My Nokia

Nokia was the first proponent of a Top Level Domain Nokia offers a free personalised service to Nokia owners

(TLD) specifically for the Mobile Web and, as a result, was called My Nokia (located at my.nokia.com).[159] Regis-

instrumental in the launch of the .mobi domain name ex- tered My Nokia users can get free services as follows:

tension in September 2006 as an official backer.[149][150]





13

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





• Tips & tricks alerts through web, e-mail and also purposes," expert insiders told The Wall Street Journal.

mobile text message. During the post-election protests in Iran in June 2009,

• My Nokia Backup: A free online backup service for Iran’s Internet access was reported to have slowed to less

mobile contacts, calendar logs and also various other than a tenth of its normal speeds, and experts suspect-

files. This service needs GPRS connection. ed this was due to the use of the interception technolo-

• Ringtones, wallpapers, screensavers, games and gy.[164]

other things can be downloaded free of cost. The joint venture company, Nokia Siemens Networks,

asserted in a press release that it provided Iran only with

Comes With Music a ’lawful intercept capability’ "solely for monitoring of

In 2007 Nokia set up their "Nokia Comes With Music" ser- local voice calls". "Nokia Siemens Networks has not pro-

vice, in partnership with Universal Music Group Interna- vided any deep packet inspection, web censorship or In-

tional, Sony BMG, Warner Music Group, EMI, and hun- ternet filtering capability to Iran," it said.[165]

dreds of Independent labels and music aggregators, to al- In July 2009, Nokia began to experience a boycott of

low 12, 18, or 24 months of unlimited free-of-charge mu- their products and services in Iran. The boycott was led

sic downloads with the purchase of a Nokia Comes With by consumers sympathetic to the post-election protest

Music edition phone. Files could be downloaded on mo- movement and targeted at those companies deemed to

bile devices or personal computers, and kept permanent- be collaborating with the Islamic regime. Demand for

ly.[71] handsets fell and users began shunning SMS messag-

In January 2011 Nokia withdrew this program in 27 ing.[166]

countries, due to its failure to gain traction with cus-

tomers or mobile network operators; existing subscribers Lex Nokia

could continue to download until their contracts ended. In 2009, Nokia heavily supported the passing of a law

The service continued to be offered in China, India, In- in Finland that allows companies to monitor their em-

donesia, Brazil, Turkey and South Africa where take-up ployees’ electronic communications in cases of suspected

had been better.[160] information leaking.[167] Contrary to rumors, Nokia de-

nied that the company would have considered moving its

Nokia Messaging head office out of Finland if laws on electronic surveil-

On 13 August 2008 Nokia launched a beta release of lance were not changed.[168] The law was enacted, but

"Nokia Email service", a push e-mail service, since incor- with strict requirements for implementation of its pro-

porated into Nokia Messaging.[161] visions. As of 2010, the law has become a dead letter;

Nokia Messaging operates as a centralised, hosted no corporation has implemented it. The Finnish media

service that acts as a proxy between the Nokia Messaging dubbed the name Lex Nokia for this law, named after the

client and the user’s e-mail server. The phone does not Finnish copyright law (the so-called Lex Karpela) a few

connect directly to the e-mail server, but instead sends years back.

e-mail credentials to Nokia’s servers.[162] IMAP is used as

the protocol to transfer emails between the client and Nokia–Apple patent dispute

the server. In October 2009, Nokia filed a lawsuit against Apple Inc.

in the U.S. District Court of Delaware citing Apple in-

Controversy fringed on 10 of its patents related to wireless communi-

cation including data transfer.[169] Apple was quick to re-

spond with a countersuit filed in December 2009 accusing

NSN’s provision of intercept capability Nokia of 11 patent infringements. Apple’s General Coun-

to Iran sel, Bruce Sewell went a step further by stating, "Other

In 2008, Nokia Siemens Networks, a joint venture be- companies must compete with us by inventing their own

tween Nokia and Siemens AG, reportedly provided Iran’s technologies, not just by stealing ours." This resulted in

monopoly telecom company with technology that al- an ugly spat between the two telecom majors with Nokia

lowed it to intercept the Internet communications of its filing another suit, this time with the U.S. International

citizens to an unprecedented degree.[163] The technology Trade Commission (ITC), alleging Apple of infringing its

reportedly allowed it to use deep packet inspection to patents in "virtually all of its mobile phones, portable

read and even change the content of everything from "e- music players, and computers."[170] Nokia went on to ask

mails and Internet phone calls to images and messages on the court to bar all U.S. imports of the Apple products in-

social-networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter". cluding the iPhone, Mac and the iPod. Apple countersued

The technology "enables authorities to not only block by filing a complaint with the ITC in January 2010, the de-

communication but to monitor it to gather information tails of which are yet to be confirmed.[169]

about individuals, as well as alter it for disinformation



14

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





In June 2011, Apple settled with Nokia and agreed to light to the ideal level, which then allows the battery to

an estimated one time payment of $600 million and roy- last longer without frequent charges.

alties to Nokia.[171] The two companies also agreed on a

cross-licensing patents for some of their patented tech-

nologies.[172][173]

Research cooperation with uni-

versities

Environmental record Nokia is actively exploring and engaging in open innova-

Electronic products such as cell phones impact the en- tion through selective research collaborations with ma-

vironment both during production and after their useful jor universities and institutions by sharing resources and

life when they are discarded and turned into electronic leveraging ideas. Major research collaboration is with

waste. Nokia is listed in Greenpeace’s Guide to Greener Tampere University of Technology based in Finland. Cur-

Electronics that scores leading electronics manufactur- rent collaborations include:[184]

ers according to their policies on sustainability, climate • Aalto University School of Science and Technology,

and energy and how green their products are. In Novem- Finland

ber 2011 Nokia ranked 3rd out of 15 listed electronics • École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,

companies, falling two places due to its weaker perfor- Switzerland

mance on the Energy criteria and scoring 4.9/10.[174] • ETH Zurich, Switzerland

All of Nokia’s mobile phones are free of toxic • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States

polyvinyl chloride (PVC) since the end of 2005 and all • Stanford University, United States

new models of mobile phones and accessories launched • Tampere University of Technology, Finland

in 2010 are on track to be free of brominated compounds, • Tsinghua University, China

chlorinated flame retardants and antimony trioxide. [174] • University of California, Berkeley, United States

Nokia’s voluntary take-back programme to recycle • University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

old mobile phones spans 84 countries with almost 5,000 • University of Southern California, United States

collection points.[175] However, the recycling rate of

Nokia phones was only 3–5% in 2008, according to a glob- Awards and recognition

al consumer survey released by Nokia.[176] The majority

The Brand Trust Report [185] published by Trust Research

of old mobile phones are simply lying in drawers at home

Advisory has ranked Nokia in the 1st position among the

and very few old devices, about 4%, are being thrown into

brands in India.

landfill and not recycled.[176]

All of Nokia’s new models of chargers meet or exceed

the Energy Star requirements.[177] Nokia aims to reduce See also

its carbon dioxide emissions by at least 18 percent in

Lists

2010 from a baseline year of 2006 and cover 50 percent of

• List of Nokia products

its energy needs through renewable energy sources.[178]

• List of acquisitions by Nokia

Greenpeace is challenging the company to use its influ-

General

ence at the political level as number 85 on the Fortune

• Nokia Ovi Suite – Nokia’s next generation phone

500 to advocate for climate legislation and call for global

suite software.

greenhouse gas emissions to peak by 2015.[179]

• Nokia PC Suite − A software package, slated to be

Nokia is researching the use of recycled plastics in its

replaced by Nokia Ovi Suite.

products, which are currently used only in packaging but

• Nokia Beta Labs − Nokia beta applications.

not yet in mobile phones.[180]

• Nokia Software Updater − Mobile device firmware

Since 2001, Nokia has provided eco declarations of all

updater.

its products and since May 2010 provides Eco profiles for

• Symbian – An open source operating system for

all its new products.[181] In an effort to further reduce

mobile devices.

their environmental impact in the future, Nokia released

• Maemo − Software and development platform and an

a new phone concept, Remade, in February 2008.[182] The

operating system.

phone has been constructed of solely recyclable mate-

• MeeGo − Merger of Nokia’s Maemo and Intel’s Moblin

rials.[182] The outer part of the phone is made from re-

projects.

cycled materials such as aluminium cans, plastic bottles,

• Qt − A cross-platform application development

and used car tires.[183] The screen is constructed of recy-

framework.

cled glass, and the hinges have been created from rubber

• Gnokii − A suite of programs for communicating with

tires. The interior of the phone is entirely constructed

mobile phones.

with refurbished phone parts, and there is a feature that

• Nokia Pure - Nokia’s current corporate font

encourages energy saving habits by reducing the back-



15

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nokia





Other [12] ^ "Nokia to set up a new mobile device factory in

• Nokia head office − Nokia’s headquarters. Romania" (Press release). Nokia Corporation.

• Nokia, Finland − A Finnish town. March 26, 2007. http://www.nokia.com/

• Nokian Tyres − A Finnish manufacturer of tires split A4136001?newsid=1114420. Retrieved May 14,

from Nokia Corporation in 1988. 2008.

• Nokian Footwear − A Finnish manufacturer of boots [13] "Nokia despre sechestrul ANAF: Colaborăm pentru

split from Nokia Corporation in 1990. a ne asigura că situaţia e soluţionată satisfăcător"

• Nokia Arena, Tel Aviv (Press release). mediafax.ro. November 12, 2011.

• Mobile phone http://www.mediafax.ro/economic/nokia-despre-

sechestrul-anaf-colaboram-pentru-a-ne-asigura-

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27 January 2011. http://www.nokia.com/results/ valtaavat pörssiyhtiöitä" (in Finnish).

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[2] "Nokia in brief (2007)" (PDF). Nokia Corporation. Ulkomaalaiset+valtaavat+p%F6rssiyhti%F6it%E4/

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Title Author Publisher Year Length ISBN

Winning Across Global Markets: How Nokia Dan Steinbock Jossey- May 304 pp ISBN

Creates Strategic Advantage in a Fast- Bass / Wi- 2010 9780470339664

Changing World ley

Nokia: The Inside Story Martti Häikiö FT / Pren- October 256 pp ISBN

tice Hall 2002 0-273-65983-9

Work Goes Mobile: Nokia’s Lessons from Michael Lattanzi, Antti John Wiley January 212 pp ISBN

the Leading Edge Korhonen, Vishy & Sons 2006 0-470-02752-5

Gopalakrishnan

Mobile Usability: How Nokia Changed the Christian Lindholm, McGraw- June 301 pp ISBN

Face of the Mobile Phone Turkka Keinonen, Harri Hill Com- 2003 0-07-138514-2

Kiljander panies

Business The Nokia Way: Secrets of the Trevor Merriden John Wiley February 168 pp ISBN

World’s Fastest Moving Company & Sons 2001 1-84112-104-5

The Nokia Revolution: The Story of an Ex- Dan Steinbock AMACOM April 375 pp ISBN

traordinary Company That Transformed an Books 2001 0-8144-0636-X

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Further reading

External links

• Official Nokia international website





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