'dkhwm0efta&;oHk;yg;
jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;
k
wdi;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDnwrrNyKd ua&;
G f I JG
'dkhta&;
'dkhta&;
88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm; owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGjyKvkyfNyD; oabmxm;aMunmcsufxkwfjyef
tcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwHUcdkifNrJa&; 'dkhta&; EkdifiHawmfor®wOD;odef;pdef
jynfolhoabmxm; \ vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhjzifh Zefe
- jynfytm;udk;ykqdef½dk; tqdk;jrif0g'Drsm;tm; qefhusifMu/ 0g&Dv 13 &ufaeYuvGwfajrmuf
- dfH df dfH U S f f h
EkiiawmfwnfNirat;csr;f a&;ESiUf Ekiiawmfw;kd wufa&;udk aESmif,uzsuq;D olrsm;tm; qefusiMf u/ vmcJhonfh 88 rsKd;quf ausmif;
- EkdifiHawmf\jynfwGif;a&;udk 0ifa&mufpGufzufaESmifU,SufaomjynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefhusifMu/ om;rsm;onf Zefe0g&Dv 21 &uf
- jynfwGif;jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu/ aeYwGif owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwpf
EdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf k
&yfukd &efueNf rdKU&Sd awmf0ifpifwm
- EdkifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifU w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;/ wGifjyKvkyfcJhygonf/
- trsKd;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrI cdkifrma&;/ k
tqdyg owif;pm&Si;vif;yGJ f
- pnf;urf;jynfU0aom 'Drdkua&pDpepf&Sifoefcdkifrmatmif wnfaqmufa&;/
f
wGif tcsu(9)csuyg0ifaom 88 f
- zGJYpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifUtnD acwfrDzGHY NzdK;wdk;wufaom EdkifiHawmfopfwnfaqmufa&;/
d
rsK;qufausmif;om;rsm;\oabm
pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
xm;xkwfjyefcsufudkxkwfjyefcJhNyD;
- k f k kd G D I kd f H l
pduysK;d a&;udk ydrzYHG NzKd ;wd;k wufatmifaqmif&uNf y;D acwfrpufrEiixaxmifa&;ESiUf tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;
u@rsm;udkvnf; bufpkHzGHY NzdK;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;/ k
tqdygowif;pm&Si;vif;yGoYkdjynf f J
- aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&;/ wGif;jynfyowif;pmq&mrsm; t
- jynfwGif;jynfyrS twwfynmESifUt&if;tESD;rsm;zdwfac:í pD;yGm;a&; zGHY NzdK;wdk;wufatmifwnf ygt0if vlOD;a& 600ausmf wuf
aqmufa&;/ a&muf c J h o nf / 88 rsKd ; quf
- EdkifiHawmf\pD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;udk zefwD;EdkifrIpGrf;tm;onf EdkifiHawmfESifUwdkif;&if;om;jynfolwdkh\ ausmif;om;rsm;\ oabmxm;
vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;/ xkwjf yefcsufrm atmufygtwdi;S k f 88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;\owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGudk
vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf jzpfygonf/ Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaehwGif &efukefNrdKY awmf0ifpifwmüjyKvkyfaepOf
- wpfrsKd;om;vHk;\ pdwf"mwfESifU tusifUpm&dwåjrifUrm;a&;/ 88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;\ jzwfa&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf wGef;tyfygonf/ wGif;jynfytzGJYtpnf;rsm;? vl
- k U f
trsK;d *kPf Zmwd*Pjf rifrm;a&;ESiUf ,Ofaus;rItarGtESprsm;? trsK;d om;a&;vu©Pmrsm; raysmuf oabmxm;xkwfjyefcsuf ,SONf ydKif&ef a':atmifqef;pkMunf 7/ trsKd;om;pD;yGm;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf yk*dK¾ vfrsm;? EdkifiHwumrdom;pkrsm;
ysufatmif xdef;odrf;apmifUa&Smufa&;/
- ppfrSefaomrsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfjzpfonfU jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwf&Sifoefxufjrufa&;/
1/ uREfkyfwdkY 88 rsKd;qufausmif; \qH;jzwfcsutm;axmufconf/
k f H a&;ESifh Ediiawmf\*kPoumjrihf
k f H f d © ESihf vuf&SdjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vkyf
- wpfrsKd;om;vHk; usef;rmMuHUcdkifa&;ESifU ynm&nfjrifUrm;a&;/ om;rsm;onf 'D r d k u a&pD a &;? 88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;t rm;vmapa&;twGuf EdkifiHwum ief;pOfrsm;udk ,HMk unfxufoefpm G
vlYtcGihfta&;? wdkif;jynfzGHUNzdK; aejzihf tm;ay;0ef;&HoGm;rnf/ f
EIe;pHrsm;ESitnDusio;Hk aqmif&uf
fh fh G taumiftxnfazmfaeoltm;vH; k
jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwD txl;tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyf wdk;wufa&;twGuf 1988 ckESpf
H
f
&Spav;vk;ta&;awmfyBkH uD;rSpwif
5/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihfywf
oufí vuf&Sdaqmif&Gufaeaom
rIrsm;? tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;tygt
kd f H
0ifEiiwumrdom;pkrsm;ESiqufqH hf
kf f
tm; uREywYkd 88 rsK;qufausmif;
om;rsm;rS tav;teufwefzdk;
d
h kd f
jynfaxmifpMk uHcia&;ESihf zGUH kd f
&yfrsm;udk oufqi&mtzGUJ tpnf; ítpOfwpdkufBudK;yrf;aqmif&Guf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;a&;jzpfpOfrsm;rS k f
a&;wd;jrihvmap&efBudK;yrf;aqmif xm;tyfygonf/
NzdK;a&;ygwD txl;tpnf;ta0; rsm;rSaqmif&Gufjznfhwif;ay;Edkif aeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ wpfqihf ydkrdkus,fjyefYjynfhpHkaom &GufrIrsm;tm; tm;ay;axmufcH tqdkygowif;pm&Sif;vif;yJG
udk Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYwGif a&;rsm;udk yg0ifaqmif&Guf&efESifh k f kd f H
2/ uREfywYkd Eiiom;rsm;onf ppf Nidr;csr;a&;vkyief;pOfrsm;jzpfay:
f f f oGm;rnf/ wGif udkrif;udkEkdif? udkudkBuD;? udk
f
usi;ycJNh yD; jynfaxmifpMk uHcia&; h kd f EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;? a&;? EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;rl0g' ap&ef trsKd;om;tiftm;pktm; 8/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? k
jrat;? udaX;
ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;ygwDrS ol&OD;a&Tref;? 'Drdkua&pDta&;? vlYtcGifhta&; trSm;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDqdwfokOf;rI k fh
vH;ESivufwaqmif&uom;rnf/
JG G f G zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;wdkYtwGuf EdkifiH k k D
udrif;aZ,sm? ud*sifrwYkd u wuf
ygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; d
rsm;&&Sa&;twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif rsm;aMumihfqif;&JEGrf;yg;rI? ynm 6/ Ediiawmfopfwnfaqmufa&;
k f H awmfor®wOD;aqmifonfh tpdk;& h
a&mufvmonfowif;rD',mrsm; D
OD;aX;OD;? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynf &Guf&efvdktyfaMumif; ajymMum; a&;? usef;rma&;edrfhusrIponfh twGuf vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf tzGJU? jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd; \ar;cGef;rsm;udkjyefvnfajzMum;
e,frsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f 809 OD; cJhonf/ Ik ©
vlr'ut00udq,fpEpig;ckausmf k kSf rsm;tm;jyefvnfpkpnf;Edkif&ef? om;vTwfawmf? wyfrawmftif cJhNyD; jyefvnfajzMum;cJhonfrsm;
wufa&mufcJhum ,ciftoif; 'Drdkua&pDvrf;aMumif;udk cHpm;cJhMu&NyD;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHa&;t& xdef;odrf;cHxm;& tm;pk? EdkifiHa&;ygwDtoD;oD;? G dk f H
xJwif taemufEiirsm;\jrefrm
taerS ygwDtjzpfodkY ajymif;vJzGJU S f
avQmufvr;aeNyDjzpfonftwGuf h 3/ ,aeYtcsdefonf ppfrSefaom onfhusef&Sdaeaom EdkifiHa&;t k
wdi;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;tygt0if EkdifiHtay:ta&;,lydwfqdkYrIrsm;?
pnf;NyD;aemuf yxrqHk;usif;y jynfolYoabmxm;? jynfolYqE´ dk
'Drua&pDazmfaqmifa&;? Nidr;csrf; f usOf;om;tm;vHk;jyefvnfvTwf kH
jrefrmhvYl tzGYJ pnf;wpf&yfv;&Sd jyK EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;? trsKd;
h
onftxl;tpnf;ta0;jzpfaMumif; rsm;onf aumif;rGeftusKd;&Sdygu a&;? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;wdkYtwGuf ay;a&;? EdkifiHa&;t&wdkif;jynfrS jyifajymif;vJa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf om;jyefvnfpnf;vH;nDnwa&;? k G f
od&Sd&ygonf/ J hH d dS G f
&J&00hH owå&&dS aqmif&uay;oGm; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vrf;aMumif;ay:odYk f G h
xGucmcJ&aom jynfya&mufEiiH kd f udk,fpGrf;ÓPfpGrf;&SdorQ yl;aygif; Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyJG? pD;yGm;a&;
tqdkyg tpnf;ta0;wGif l ©
rnfjzpfNyD; jynforsm;'kura&muf OD;wnfBudK;yrf;Mu&rnfhtcsdefjzpf a&;tiftm;pkrsm; *kPfodu©m&Sd&Sd aqmif&GufoGm;rnf/ qdkif&mtjrifrsm;? a':atmifqef;
ol&OD;a&Tref;u ygwDtaejzifh ap&ef? pdk;&drfaomupdwfrsm; r&Sd onf[k ,HkMunfonf/ kf
jyefvmEdia&;wdYktwGujf ynfaxmif 9/ jrefrmEdkifiH'Drdkua&pDa&;? vlY pkMunftay: 88 rsK;qufausmif;d
jynfolvlxktwGif;rS tajctae ap&efwdkYudk ygwDtaejzifh wwf 4/ ppfrSefaom 'Drkdua&pDazmf pktpdk;&rStjrefqHk;aqmif&Gufay; hf
tcGita&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;wGif tm; om;rsm;\oabmxm;tjrifrsm;
f
rSersm;udk &SmazGavhvmoH;oyfNyD; k pGrf;orQ aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyf aqmifa&;twGuf vmrnfhMum; yg&efuReywYkdrtav;teufwuf
kf f S kd ay;ulnDaxmufcHaeaom jynf udkajzMum;&Sif;vif;cJhygonf/
jynfolYtusKd;jzpfxGef;aprnfhudpö aMumif; ¤if;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
t,f'DwmcsKyf a0NzdK; jynfaxmifpktqifU Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;a&;tzGJY ESifU KIO udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJYwdkh
oef;aZmfxGef;
trIaqmift,f'Dwm
owif;axmufcsKyf rmefol&Sdef
w½kwfEdkifiH a&TvDü ESpf&ufMumawGYqHkaqG;aEG;cJUNyD;aemuf aMunmcsufxkwfjyef
tBuD;wef;t,f'Dwm aZmfaZmfatmif? ti,faxG;? atmifpnf[def;? jynfaxmifpktqifhNidrf;csrf ; jynfwGif; jidrf;csrf;a&;azmf rStzGJUacgif;aqmif OD;qGrfvGwf (1) jynfaxmifpk or®w jrefrm
[def;rif;vwf? jzLEk? aexGef;Ekdif? a&;aqG;aEG;a&;tzGJUESifhKIO udk,f f k f
aqmif&eftwGuvyaqmifrwpf I *rfacgif;aqmifaom tzGJU0if 11 EdkifiHawmf jynfaxmifpk tqifh
ausmfaZ,s? aZ0if;aemif f f kd f
pm;vS,tzGUJ wdYk w½kwEiiH a&TvD f hJ
&yftaejzifh jyKvkycaom tqdyg k OD;wdkY wufa&mufcJhMuygonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;a&;tzGJUESifh
tBuD;wef;owif;axmuf vif;vif;ckdif? &wemOD;? ausmxif? a0,HNzKd ;OD;?
f NrdKUü Zefe0g&Dv 18 &ufESifh 19 awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJodkY jynfaxmif aqG;aEG;rItjyD; xkwfjyefcJh KIO udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYonf jynf
0if;jrifUausmf? rif;oD[aZmf? pnfolatmif? &ufaeYrsm;wGifawGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJh pktqifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;a&; aomaMunmcsufwGiftcsufav; k f H
axmifpk jrefrmEdiiawmfBuD;wnf
csrf;ajrUol f
MuNyD; aqG;aEG;rItNyD;wGiaMunm tzGJUrS OD;atmifaomif; OD;aqmif yg0ifcJhum tqdkyg tcsufav; jidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh wnfwHhcdkifjrJ
csufwpf&yfxkwfjyefcJhygonf/ aomtzGJU0if 13 OD;ESifh KIO tzGUJ csufrSm - pmrsufESm (3)odkh á
rsufESmzkH;'DZkdif; jrifUarmifausmf
KIO/KIA tzGJY\ jzwfoef;rIordkif;tusOf;
twGif;pmrsufESmzGJYpnf;rI ELEVEN MEDIA GROUP
- ucsifvGwfvyfa&;tzGJY (KIO)udk 1960jynfUESpf atmufwdkbmv 25 &ufaeYwGifpwif KIAü wyfr[mav;cktxd&Sdvm/ 1975 ckESpfwGif 'l0gaZmf'efusqHk;/ KIA xdyfwef;
aMumfjimrefae*sm oEåmatmif zGJYpnf;cJU/ 'l0gaZmfqdkif;u OD;aqmif/ 'l0gaZmfqdkif;u Ouú|tjzpfwm0ef,lcJUNyD; 'l0gaZmfwl; acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonfU 'l0gaZmfqdkif;? 'l0gaZmfwl;wdkhvkyfMuHcH&/
rEåav;½kH;cGJ u 'kwd,Ouú|? OD;vrmv&drfu twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJU/ - 1976 ckESpfwGif r&rfb&efqdkif;u KIO \ Ouú|tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmif/
- 1961 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 5 &ufaeYwGif vm½dI;aiGwdkufudkwdkufodrf;,lcJUjcif;jzifU KIO \ USf kd J
- 1980 jynfEpatmufwbmvwGif KIO ESiUf Auyyl;wGppfqifa&;udtaumiftxnfazmf/ k
wm0efcH pkd;xufckdif kd f Sf kd f f G f
vufeufuiawmfvea&;pwifc/UJ vufeufuiwyfrsm;jzpfonfU ucsivwvyfa&;wyfrawmf awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&ESifU jidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyf/ oHk;BudrfwdkifaqG;aEG;cJUNyD;aemuf
aejynfawmfysOf;rem;½kH;cGJ (KIA) ESifU ucsifvGwfvyfa&;aumifpD(KIC) wdkYudkzGJYpnf;/ oabmwlnDrIr&cJUbJ aqG;aEG;rI&yfpJaMumif; tpdk;&bufrSxkwfjyefaMunm/
wm0efcH ae½di;f
k - 1961 ckEp?f Mo*kwv 26 &ufü yxptpd;k &rSxwjf yefonfU EdiiawmfbmomukA'bmom
S f k kfH dk¨ - 1993 ckESpftwGif; EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGJY udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifU
tjzpfaMunmcJUNyD;csdefaemufydkif;rSpwifNyD; KIO \vufeufudkifawmfvSefrIydkrdkBuD;xGm;vm/ KIO tzGJYwdkh ig;BudrfawGYqHkcJUNyD; typftcwf&yfpJa&;oabmwlnDrI&&SdcJU/
xkwfa0ol Eleven Media Group (,m,D^1059) - 1963 ckESpfwGif 'l0gaZmfqdkif;? 'l0gaZmfwl;wdkh\nD 'l0gaZmf'efjyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJUNyD; - OD;b&efqdkif;uG,fvGefNyD;aemuf OD;aZmfrdkif Ouú|jzpfvm? 2002ckESpfwGif OD;aZmfrdkifEIwfxGuf
yHEyol
k dS f Eleven Press (,m,D^1639) tqdkygoHk;OD;pvHk;rSm KIO \ta&;yg;aom acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfvmcJU/. tqdkygESpfrSmyif cJNU y;D aemuf OD;vrkew;l *sKd if Ouú|jzpfc?UJ 2006 ckEpwif OD;vrkew;l *sKd if uG,veNf y;D aemufyi;f
f Sf G f f G kd
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD\Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJodkh ESpfBudrfwdkifwufa&mufcJUNyD; oabmwlnD Ouú|wm0efudk OD;aZmif;[&m;u wm0ef,lcJU/
apmifa&? wefzdk; 15000? 350 usyf rIr&&SdcJU/ 1963 ckESpf Edk0ifbm 15 &ufaeYwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDu awGYqHkaqG;aEG;rIudk - 2009 ckESpftwGif; typftcwfNidrf;tzGJYrsm; vufeuftyfa&;udk KIO rS jiif;qefcJUNyD;
&yfpJaMumif;aMunmcJU/ e,fjcm;apmifUwyftjzpf ajymif;vJzGJYpnf;a&;udkvnf; vufrcHcJU/
jzefhcsda&;ESifU*sme,fwdkuf trSwf(22)? awmifjrif;NydKifuGif;vrf;?
- 1967 ckESpfwGif KIA acgif;aqmif 'l0gaZmfqdkif;ESifU ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD ta0;a&muf - 2009 ckESpf Mo*kwfvtwGif; KIO 'kwd,Ouú| a'gufwmwl;*smtygt0if acgif;aqmif
G Y k
wmarGBu;D (c)&yfuu?f wmarGNrKd e,f? &efueNf rKd /Y
ygwDacgif;aqmif ocifAodef;wifwdkh w½kwfEdkifiHwGif;aqG;aEG;rIrsm;jyKvkyfcJU/ ig;OD;udk 2010 jynfUESpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDopfjzifUyg0ifEdkif&ef EIwfxGufcGifUjyKcJU/
zkef; 400528? 400524
- 1968 ckESpfwGif KIA ESifU AuywdkYtMum; jyóemtcsdKYay:ayguf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif - 2011 ckESpf ZGefvwGif KIO ESifU tpdk;&tzGJYrsm;tMum; y#dyu©pwif/
rsufESmzHk;owif; ]tar&dueft
xufvwawmftrwf*Rerufue;f
T f
tygt0iftxufvwawmftrwf T f
f d jynfwGif;EkdifiHa&;wnfNidrfrItwGuf tav;xm;a&SUqufaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; EkdifiHawmfor®wajymMum;
av;OD; jrefrmEdkifiHokdhvma&muf}rS jynfaxmifpor®wjrefrmEkiiH k df jcif;jzpfygw,f}}[kajymMum;cJonf/ h
tquf awmf EkdifiHawmfor®wOD;odef;pdef tar&duefu Sanctions onf
tar&d u ef txuf v T w f onf 0g&SifwefydkYpfrS tBuD;wef; jrefrmEdkifiHtay: xda&mufrI&Sdae
awmftrwf*Rerufue;tygt0if f d f t,f'Dwm Ms.Eizabeth Graham onf[k xifjrifaeaMumif; 0g&Sif
txufvTwfawmftrwf av;OD; Weymouth ESifhtzGJUtm; Zefe0g&D f
wefyYkdpu ajymMum;cJ&m Ekiiawmf h d f H
onf jrefrmEdkifiHodkY Zefe0g&Dv 17 &ufaeYu aejynfawmf&dS or®w or®wu ]]Sanctions [m jrefrm
22 &ufaeYu vma&mufcygonf/ hJ tdrfawmf{nfhcef;raqmifüvufcH d f H
Ekiitay: xda&mufr&?dS r&Sd yGihf I
jrefrmEdkifiHokdY vma&muf awGUqkNH yD; ar;jref;csufrsm;udk jyef yGifhvif;vif;ajym&r,fqdk&if 'D
onf h t xuf v T w f a wmf t rwf vnfajzMum;cJhum jynfwGif;EkdifiH Sanctions aMumifh NyD;cJwhJ wyfr h
av;OD;rSm *Rerufue;? &S,v'ef f d f f f a&;wnfNidrrtwGuf tav;xm; f I k
awmftpd;&ujyKwfom;wmr[kwf G
0I d u f a [muf p f ? *sKd ; vD b mrif ? a&SUqufaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpf ygbl;/ wyfrawmftpdk;&u tck
u,fvDtm,dkwDwdkY jzpfMuonf/ aMumif;xnfoi;ajymMum;cJonf/ h Gf h k D kd
vd'rua&pDpepfusifo;wJtpd;& h Hk h k
D kd
jrefrmh'rua&pDa&;udk tpOf 0g&SifwefydkYpfowif;pmESifh jzpfatmifjyKjyifajymif;vJNyD; wm
kd f
wpfputm;ay;axmufcowpfO; H l D awGUqkHrIonf EkdifiHawmfor®w 0efvTJajymif;ay;cJhjcif;omjzpfyg
jzpfonfh tar&dueftxufvTwf taeESihf jynfyrD',mwpfcukd y D k w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY tpdk;&tay:
The Washington Post 0ufbfqkdufwGifazmfjyxm;pOf
awmftrwf *Refrufudef;onf H
xrqk;tBudrvufcawGUqkcjhJ cif; f H H oufa&mufrawmhr&Sygbl;/ 'gay I d
jrefrmEdkifiH\ vuf&Sdtajctae k
jzpfonf/ xdoYkd awGUqk&mwGif EkiiH H df Gf f f
jynfwi;Nidr;csr;a&;twGuvnf; f ar;jref;cJh&m EkdifiHawmfor®wu k
ay;apvdaMumif; ajymMum;cJonf/ h r,fh jynfovxuawmh'ua&muf l l k k ©
k
udqef;ppfavhvm&eftwGuf jrefrm awmfor®wOD;ode;pdeEitwl EdiiH f f S hf kf qufvufaqmif&u&rnfvyief; G f h kf JG G
a&G;aumufywif jynfovx\ l l k xdkYjyif EkdifiHawmfor®wu ygw,f/ jynfoluawmh txdem
EdkifiHodkY 2011 ckESpf ZGefv 1 &uf jcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk k
rsm;uda&SUqufaqmif&uom;rnf G f G a&G;cs,c&jcif;? ta&G;rcH&jcif; wdYk
fH kfH
]]jrefrmEdiieYJ ywfoufNyD;taemuf w,f/ qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIjzpfapyg
aeYrS 3 &ufaeYtxd vma&mufcJh 0efBuD;OD;0PÖarmifvGif? jyefMum; jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;cJonf/ h tay:wGif rlwnfaMumif;? jynfol EkdifiHawG&JU vdkvm;csuf(3)csuf&Sd w,f}}[kjyefvnfajymMum;cJonf/ h
ygonf/ a&;0efBuD;XmeESifh ,Ofaus;rI0ef typftcwf&yfpJa&;oabm k
vlxua&G;cJNh yDqygu vTwawmf
kd f ygw,f/ wpftcsufu EkdifiHa&; ajrmufu&;,m;EkiiEihf quf kd D dfHS
*Refrufudef;\ tqdkyg c&D; BuD; Xmejynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD; D f S hf
wlncsuEiywfoufNyD; 0g&Siwef f twGif;odkYa':atmifqef;pkMunf tusOf;om;qdkNyD; olwdkYajymqdk qHa&;udk 0g&SiwefyYkd pu ar;jref; f f
f
pOftwGi; 'kw,or®woD[ol& d ausmfqef;ESihf tvkyorm;0efBuD; f ydYkp\ar;jref;rIukd or®wu ]]vuf
f a&mufvmrSmjzpfaMumif;? xdYkaemuf okH;pGJaewJh tusOf;om;awGvTwf cJh&m ajrmufudk&D;,m;EkdifiHESifh oH
OD;wifatmifjrifhOD;? jynfaxmifpk Xmejynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;atmif kd f
eufuixm;wJh Ethnic Groups u Cabinet Member tjzpfeYJ trnf d ö f f
ay;zdYk up/ ESptcsuu Mum;jzwf wrefqufqHa&;&SdaMumif;? oHw
vTwfawmfem,u OD;cifatmif kd
MunfwYvnf;wufa&mufcMhJuonf/ H
tm;vk; 11 zGUJ &Sygw,f/ tJ't d D pm&if;wifoGif;&eftwGuf vTwf a&G;aumufyGJusif;yay;r,fhudpö/ refqufqHa&;rSty tjcm;EsLu
jrif?h jynfoYl vwawmf Ouú| ol& T f H
awGUqkar;jref;ol Ms.Eizabeth zGUJ awGeYJyxrtqifjh ynfe,ftqifh awmf\oabmwlncsu&,l&rnfD f H
ok;csufu a':atmifqef;pkMunf vD;,m;udp?ö vltrsm;BuD;aoap
OD;a&Tref;? EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme Graham Weymouth u jrefrm em;vnfroabmwlncsuawG n§dI D f jzpfaMumif;? vTwawmf\ oabm
f eJY olY&JUtzGJUawG EkdifiHa&;vkyfief; d f
Ekionfh vufeufc,rf;udprsm; J ö
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;0PÖarmif dfH
Ekii\jyKjyifajymif;vJrrsm;udk wpf I EIdif;ygw,f/ NyD;vdkY&Sd&if tpdk;&&JU hf
ESiywfoufNyD;qufqrr&SaMumif; HI d
vGi?f a':atmifqef;pkMunf? EdiiH k f urÇmvk;updw0ifwpm;apmifMh unfh
H f k f
ud,pm;vS,tzGUJ awGcay;NyD; 'Dt f JG kfH I G
jrefrmEdiitwGi;f jyKjyifajymif;vJrrsm;twGuf t&if;cHwe;f tm; jyefvnfajzMum;cJonf/ h
a&;ygwDrsm;rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESih f aeMuNyD; jrefrmEdiitwGi; jyKjyif k f H f zGJUawGeJYxdawGUaqG;aEG;rIawGvkyf d f H G
jrefrmEkiiwif rD',mvGwf D
oD;jcm; awGUqkHum ESpfEdkifiHquf I
ajymif;vJrrsm;twGut&if;cHwe; f Gf ygr,f/ tzGJUtm;vkH;eJY uRefawmf
udk odvaMumif;ar;jref;cJ&m Ediiawmfor®wu jrefrmEdii\jyKjyif
kd U kfH kfH G hf d
vyfci&&Sa&; rnfuoYkdaqmif&uf hJ G
qHa&; wdk;jr§ifha&;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH tm;udkodvdkaMumif; ar;jref;cJh&m k d
wdYxawGUqufqrawG&aeygw,f/ H I dS ajymif;vJrrsm;twGuf wdi;f jynfukd wnfNirat;csr;f apNy;D pD;yGm;
I k df d
oGm;&ef &SaMumif;ESihf yk*vu aeY ¾ d
kd
wGif 'Drua&pDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&; k f H
Ediiawmfor®wu jrefrmEdii\ k f H D kd d
tJ'vxawGUqufqr&aewJh tzGUJ H I dS pOfowif;pmrsm;xkwfa0rIudk cGifh
twGuf aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ jyKjyifajymif;vJrrsm;twGuf wdi; I k f awGxurS wcsKUd tzGUJ awGeYJoabm
J
a&; zGYH NzKd ;wd;k wufap&ef qE´jyif;jyaeaom jynfowh\qE´u
l kd d
jyK&ef &S?d r&SESifh pyfvsOf;í EkiiH d f
tar&dueftxufvTwfawmf jynfudkwnfNidrfat;csrf;apNyD; pD; wlncsuvufrwa&;xd;NyD;jzpfyg
D f S f k wGe;f tm;jzpfaMumif; jyefvnfajzMum;cJU . . . awmfor®wu ]]rD',meJYywfouf D
trwf *Refrufudef;onf 2008 k
yGm;a&;zGUH NzdK;wd;wufap&efqE´jyif; w,f/ 'gayr,fh Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyf NyD;awmh cifAsm;vnf; tckawGUrSm
ckESpftar&duefor®wa&G;aumuf jyaeaomjynfowYkd\qE´uwGe; l f ief;pOfrNyD;qkH;ao;ygbl;/ a&SUudk wlnDcsuf&&SdrS cefYtyfí&rnfjzpf S
pOfrm yg0ifzYkd up/ 'Dup(3)ck[md ö d ö yg/ t&iftpdk;&awG vufxufeJY
J G dS
yGwif vuf&or®w tkbm;rm;ESihf d tm;jzpfaMumif; ajzMum;cJonf/ h qufNyD; oabmwlncsuawGnzYkd D f d§ aMumif; ajzMum;cJonf/ h dk f H
taemufEiiawGu vdvm;awmif; k rwlygbl;/ tck*sme,fawGrSm yGifh
hJ
,SONf ydKifcojl zpfNyD; tar&duefjynf f
0g&SiwefyYkd pu jyKjyifajymif; f &Saeao;ygw,f}}[kajzMum;cJonf/
d h jrefrmEdkifiHESifh tar&duef k ö
qdaewJh udpawGjzpfygw,f/ ,ck yGifhvif;vif;eJY a&;aeMuwmygyJ/
axmifpk &DywfbvDuefygwD&JU vJrIrsm;udk or®wBuD;OD;aqmifNyD; xm0&Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&ef t f dk f H H
ESpEiiqufqa&;udk 0g&SiwefyYkdpf f dö H
'DupoHk;ckpvk;udk uReawmfaqmif f odYk aomf uReawmfapmapmu ajym f
txufvTwfawmftrwfwpfOD; Initiative ,lumaqmif&GufcJhjcif; f
wGuvufeufuitzGUJ tm;vk;H onf kd f u ar;jref;cJh&m EkdifiHawmfor®w f
&Guay;xm;NyD;jzpfygw,f/ jrefrm h
cJovdk uRefawmfwYkd u 'Drua&pD kd
vnf;jzpfonf/ jzpfojzifh jrefrmEkdifiH\tem*wf Oya'\atmufu0ifa&mufvmMu kd u tar&duefEiiEiomru EkiiH dk f H S hf df d f H k f
Ekiitydi;uawmhwm0efausom; G tawGUtMuHK enf;aeao;w,f/
tar&duefor®w tdbm;rm; k tay: or®wBuD;\tjrifuovkd kd d NyD;Oya'wpfcwnf;\atmufwif k G tm;vk;ESihf cspcspcifcif&if;&if;ES;
H f f D ygNyD/ tJ'Dawmh taemufEdkifiH D k f
'gaMumifh rD',mydi;eJYywfoufNyD;
vufxufwGif tar&duefonf aMumif;ar;jref;cJ&m Ekiiawmfor®w h dfH wef;wlnrQ aexdivyuif pm; D k f k f kd D d f
ES;&ScsiygaMumif;? tar&duefEiiH dk f tar&duefeJY EU wdYk wm0efauszdYk wpfzufuvnf; vGwfvGwfvyf
k f H S
jrefrmEdiiEihf ywfoufonfh ¤if; k f
u wdi;jynfwnfNidrat;csr;a&;? f f aomufMu&ef jzpfaMumif;vnf; ESihf oHtrwfBuD;tqifw;dk jriquf h § hf kf f
tydi;yJ useygawmhw,f/ 'ghtjyif k f
vyfvyzYkd? wpfzufuvnf; vGwf
wdkY\ rl0g'udk ajymif;vJcJhNyD; jref k kd
pD;yGm;a&;ydrzUHG NzdK;wd;wufa&;wdYkukd k or®wu ajymMum;cJhonf/ oG,&efqE´&aMumif;? tar&duef
f dS d
'DupöoHk;&yfu b,fob,f0g&JU l vyfrIeJY wm0ef,lrI? vGwfvyfrIeJY
k f H S
rmEdiiEihf xdawGUqufqaqG;aEG; H Sf
&nfre;csujf ynf0onftxdaqmif h xdjk yifh a':atmifqef;pkMunf tygt0if? EU tygt0ifEiirsm; dk f H k f G f f
wduwe;csuaMumif?h tusyuif f kd Hk
qifjcifww&m; ,SOwusio;NyD; f JG hf Hk
oGm;rnfhvrf;pOfudk usifhokH;vmcJh f G
&Guom;rnfjzpf aMumif;? xduoYkd k hJ JG
a&G;aumufyatmifEiNf yD;vTwawmf dk f k f H kd D
u jrefrmEdiiup;yGm;a&;t& wm; k f h
apcdi;rIaMumifrQr[kwbJ Ekii&UJ f d f H pnf;urf; &SdzdkYeJY wm0ef,lrI &SdzdkY
onf/ tar&duef-jrefrm oHw G f
aqmif&u&mwGif jynfwi;Ekiia&; Gf dfH f
twGi; 0ifa&mufvmcJrnfqygu h kd qD;ydwfqdkYrIrsm;aqmif&GufcJhonf dS
vuf&tajctaet&vkyoifvyf f h k G f
aqmif&uaew,f/ vGwvyfreYJ f I
H
refqufqa&;onf 1947 ckEpu S f wnfNidrfrItwGuf tav;xm;a&SU Cabinet &mxl;wpfae&m&mudk ay; rSm ESpf 20 ausmf&SdcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;? k f hJ
xduwtajctaersm;aMumifh uRef twl wm0ef,r?I wm0efcrvnf; l H I
wnf;u pwifcJhonf/ qufaqmif&uom;rnfjzpfaMumif;?G f G &ef tpDtpOf&r&Sd 0g&SiwefyYkd pu dS f f xdwm;qD;ydwqYkdrrsm;udajzavsmh
k f I k D kH Hk k
awmfwYkd'o;ckv;udaqmif&uay; G f k
vdtyfygw,f}}[k ajymMum;cJonf/ h
á pmrsufESm (2)rStquf Mum; y#dyu©jzpfrIrSm 2011 ckESpf
aom Nidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmif&ef ZGefvtwGif;upwifcJhjcif;jzpfjyD; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf uspfvspfcdkifrmawmifUwif;&ef jyefvnfzGJYpnf;
a&S;½Ií 2012 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv G G
&yf&mpGeYf cm&ol aomif;*Pef; t trsKd;om;'Drua&pD tzGUJ csKyf
kd xGef;[def? a'gufwma':ar0if; tzGJU\tpnf;ta0;qkH;jzwfcsuf a&pDtzGJUcsKyfonf EdkifiHa&;ygwD
18 &ufaeYESifh 19 &ufaeYwdkYwGif xd&SdcJhygonf/ typftcwf&yfpJ uspfvspfcdkifrmawmifhwif;&efESifh h
jrifwYkd jzpfMuonf/ t& zGJUpnf;vdkufNyD; twGif;a&; rsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'ESifhtnD
w½kwjf ynfoYlor®wEdiiH a&TvND rdKU
kf &eftwGuf ESpfOD;ESpfbufaqG;aEG; k f H
tzGUJ csKyf\ Ediia&;0g'oabmw tqdkygyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ygwD rSL;tzGJUwGif OD;ÓPf0if;? OD;tkef; 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmv 27
wGifawGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuygonf/ rIrsm;&SdcJhaomfvnf; atmifjrifrI &m;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm; xda&muf pnf;rsO;? zGUJ pnf;ykEitnD obm
f H S hf h
BudKif?OD;[HomjrifwYkd yg0ifonf/ G f Hk
&ufaeYwif rSwywifwnfaxmif
(2) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh KIO wdkU h
r&cJay/ odYk aomf 2011 ckEpf 'DZifS pGm taumiftxnfazmfEdkif&ef ywdtzGUJ ESihf A[dtvkytrIaqmif
k f trsK;om;'Drua&pD tzGUJ csKyf
d kd h
cJaomygwDjzpfonf/
onf EdkifiHa&;enf;vrf;jzifh quf bmv 'kwd,ywftwGif;ü KIO obmywdtzGJU? A[dktvkyftrI tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf 2012 ckESpf Zef udk EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwif okdYaomf ,ciftpkd;&vuf
vuf nd§EdIif;aqG;aEG;oGm;rnf/ wyfrsm;\wducuruccumuG,f
k f kd f I kd k H aqmiftzGUJ wdYk ukd jyefvnfzUJG pnf; e0g&Dv 9 &ufaeYwGif usif;y jcif; Oya'ESifhtnD rSwfykHwifí xuf 2010 jynfEprwfv 8 &uf h S f
(3) aqG;aEG;Muonfh taMumif; ½HkrSvGJíxdk;ppfrjyK&ef EdkifiHawmf k k
vduNf yDjzpfonf/ xdYkjyifA[dtvkyf k
aom A[dtvkytrIaqmiftzGUJ \
f aemifvmrnfh a&G;aumufyrsm;wGifJG hJ
aeYuxkwjf yefcaom Ediia&;ygwD kfH
t&mrsm;udk jynfoltrsm; od&Sd or®wu tpdk;&wyfrsm;odkY nTef f
trIaqmiftzGUJ wGif twGi;a&;rSL; tpnf ; ta0;qk H ; jzwf c suf t & 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif ta&G;cHrnf[k rsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya't& &uf
ap&ef rSefuefaomowif;rsm; Mum;csuf x k w f c J h y gonf / xd k Y tzGJUudkvnf; zGJUpnf;cJhaMumif; kd
wm0efay;tyfvujf cif;jzpfaMumif; 2011 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv 18 &uf aygif; 60 twGif; jynfaxmifpk
xkwfjyefoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ aemuf 2011 ckESpf 'DZifbmv od&onf/ od&onf/ xdYk jyif obmywdtzGUJ aeYu jyKvkyfonfh trsKd;om;'Drdk a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifokdY xyfrH
(4) ppfa&;t&Sdefrsm;udk xdef;odrf; wwd,ywfwGif KIO/KIA tzGJY obmywdtzGUJ wGif OD;wifO; D ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUudk ua&pDtzGJUcsKyf A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUt f Hk
rSwywif&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; uefY
k f S hf I
oGm;Edi&efEi,MkH unfrwnfaqmuf rsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;rIrsm; (em,u)? OD;0if;wif? OD;oef; h
oifawmfovdjk yifqifjznfpufrnf h G pnf;ta0;uuefYuuor&Sd wnDG f l owfcsursm;aMumifh 2010 jynfEpf
f hS
oGm;Edkif&eftwGuf jyóemjzpf jyKvkyfEdkif&ef jynfaxmifpktqihf xGef;? OD;vSaz? OD;nGefYa0wdkYjzpf jzpfaMumif;vnf; od&onf/ wnGwwnf;qk;jzwfconf/
f H hJ rwfv 29 &ufaeYwijf yKvyconfh G k f hJ
yGm;Edkifaoma'orsm;&Sd ESpfzuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;tzGJYudk EdkifiHawmf Muonf/ A[dktvkyftrIaqmif A[dktvkyftrIaqmif tzGJU 1990 jynfhESpf arv 27 kd
trsKd;om;'Drua&pDtzGUJ csKyf A[dk
ö
aomwyfrsm;udptm;ndEi;aqmif § Id f or®wuzGUJ pnf;ay;cJNh yD;aemufyi; kd f tzGJUwGif a':atmifqef;pkMunf f
wGif twGi;a&;rSL;tzGUJ udk 2012 &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfcJhaom a&G; OD;pD;tzGJUtpnf;ta0;u trsKd;
&GufoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ a&TvDNrdKUü awGUqHkcJhMujcif;jzpfyg (Ouú|)? OD;ÓPf0if;? OD;0if;jrifh? ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeYwGif aumufyGJü rJtjywftowfjzifh kd
om; 'Drua&pDtzGUJ csKyfukd xyfrH
KIO ESifh tpdk;&wyfrsm;t onf/ f f
OD;tke;BudKif? OD;[Homjrif?h OD;xGe; usif;yaom A[dtvkytrIaqmifk f tEdkif&&SdcJhaom trsKd;om;'Drdku f Hk
rSwyrwif&efq;jzwfconf/ Hk hJ
Pg-4
2007 ckESpf pufwifbmvIyf&Sm;rIüyg0ifcJUNyD; 2008 ckESpfwGif xdef;odrf;cH&um axmif'Pf&SpfESpfuscHcJU&ol 2012 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 13 vlukd xde;xm;csiw,fqwhJ &nf
f f kd yGJ0ifNyD; vTwfawmfEdkifiHa&;rSmyg0if
&ufaehu EdkifiHawmfor®w\ vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifUjzifU awmifBuD;axmifrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmcJUol? vli,fausmif;om;rsdK;qufudkausmfudkudkESifU &G,fcsufBuD;ygaew,fvdkYawmh r,fU a':atmifqef;pkMunfeYJ NLD
awGYqHk ar;jref;cJUonfrsm;udk jyefvnfwifjytyfygonf/ uRefawmfxifw,fav/ tJ'DvdkeJY &Sdaeygw,f/ Mum;xJrSm touf
yxrOD;qHk;tMudrf tif;pdefaxmif ti,fq;kH rsK;d qufjzpfaewJU udausmf k
]a0zefoHk;oyfwmawGu [dkbuf? 'Dbuf &SdrSmyJ} rSm uRefawmfaxmifuscJhygw,f/
tJ'urSwpfqifh uReawmf awmif
D f
k kd fk
uduwYkd tkypu b,fvqufom;
zdkh pOf;pm;xm;vJ/
kd G
MuD;axmifukd ajymif;oGm;ygw,f/ ajz - uReawmf&UJ tjrifaygh/ uRef
f
vli,fausmif;om;rsKd;qufacgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfol udkausmfudkudk ESifU awGYqHkjcif; kd f
ajymif;a&TUcH&jyD;aemufyi;rSm nTef
Mum;csuft&qdkjyD; ausmufwH
awmf&UJ tjrifukd t&ifq;ajymcsif
w,faygh/ vTwawmfwi;Ediia&;
f
kH
G f k f H
SfS k
ar; - 1988 ckEprm udrif;udEiwhkd k kd f vdktyfcsufudk awmif;qdk&if;eJU &if; uRefawmf olwdkYudk tm;us udk z,fcGm&r,fvdkY uRefawmfu wm;&Jpcef;uaeawmifBuD;axmif udk uRefawmfuawmhwpfOD;wnf;
vkyfaqmifcJUwJUt&mawGudk 2007 acwftqufquftpdk;&awG&JU w,f/ tm;us&wJh taMumif;t ,HkMunfvdkufw,f/ 'grSvnf; udka&mufvmNyD;awmh jyefvnf tm;jzifh pdwfr0ifpm;bl;As/ vwf
ckESpfrSmawmh udkausmfudkudkwdkh zdESdyfrIudk wGef;vSef&if;eJUAuo k f
&if;u olwYkd[m ordi;ay;wm0ef rsKd;qufwpfqufuwpfquf t G
ac:aqmifom;w,f/ xyfjyD;awmh wavmrSm/ vTwfawmfjyify EdkifiH
OD;aqmifNy;D xyfay:cygw,f/ (ud) UJ k rsm; tzGJUcsKyfjzpfay:vmcJhw,f/ udk? ykcHk;ay:usvmwJh ordkif;ay; qifjh rifvmr,fayghaemf/ uReawmf
h f tif;pdefaxmifrSm w&m;&ifqdkif k k kd f
a&;rSm udrif;udEiajymwJh vlxt k
atmifa0; a&;ovdkqdk&ifawmU d
tJ'gawGukd oGm;awGU&Sw,f/ oGm; wm0efukd rnnf;rnLxrf;aqmif kd
u tJvxifw,f/ xifwtwGuf hJ &w,f/ taMumif;&if;uawmh d f
usK;jyKwhJ vkyief;? vlxeYJwpfom; k
udkA[def;rSonf ausmfudkudktxd/ d f
awGU&Sawmh uReawmfwYkdvufvr; S f cJhMuw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY olwdkY[m ö
aMumifh tJ'Dudpudk BudK;pm;aqmif 2007 ckESpf pufwifbmrSm ql; wnf;uswJh EdkifiHa&;? vlxkvdkuf
wlnDwJU pdwf"mwfawGaygh . . . f
rDovdk pmtkyawGzwfw,f/ t&if ordkif;rSm wifusef&pfcJhwJh vlawG &GufzdkY tpOfwpdkuftawG;xJrSm avbk&m;vrf;rSm w&m;a[mcJh ygaqmif&GufEdkifwJh EdkifiHa&;rsKd;yJ
ajz - uRefawmfwdkYu yxrydkif; Auoa[mif;rSm ygzl;wJholawGeJY jzpfcJhw,f/ vuf&SdrSm vltm;jzifh &Sdw,f/ w,fwJh? tJ'Dtcsuf&,f aemuf uRefawmfu pdwf0ifpm;w,f/ udk
rSm ausmif;om;xkwpf&yfvHk;&JU d f
cswqufw,f/ tMuHÓPfawG,l awmh toufr&SdMuawmhbl;/ 'g oif;^zGJU Oya'yk'fr 6 eJY NidpGef; k kd f
rif;udEieUJ uReawmfoabmxm; f
Mum;xJrSm rcHr&yfEdkifatmifjzpf w,f/ vkyfyHkvkyfenf;awGudk ar; ayrJh olwdkY&JU vkyf&yfudk vlawGu ar; - udkausmfudkudk &ifqdkifcJU&wJU w,f q d k N yD ; awmh uRef a wmf h u d k csif;wdkufqdkifrI&Sdygw,f/ 'g[m
ay:vmwJh pdwf"mwfawGayghaemf/ w,f/ jref;w,f/ 'gayrJh wu,f wooeJY ajymMuwkef;yJ? qdkMu Y
w&m;pD&ifrI tawGtMuKH ukd ajymjy kH f
aemufxyfo;ESpwpfr?I ESpEpwpf f S f vnf; bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh ol
tESdrfcH? tcsKd;cH&vdkYqdkNyD; ausmif; wef;zGJUwJhtcgusawmh ausmif; wkef;yJ/ 'DvdkajymMu? qdkMuwmu ygOD;/ rIaxmifcsvdkufwJhtcg pkpkaygif; [m uRefawmfwdkY&JUpHjy yk*dK¾ vfwpf
om;awGucHjyif;wJa'goawGxuf h G om;awGyJ? vuf&Sdausmif;wuf olwdkYvkyf&yfu trsm;jynfolt ajz - uRefawmfhudkpzrf;wJhtcgrSm &SpEpjf zpfom;w,f/ uReawmfukd
f S G f h hJ
OD;jzpfcw,f/ jyD;awmhoYl &UJ &ifcef k
D
w,faygh/ tJ'a'goawGu ae&m aewJhausmif;om;awGyJ OD;aqmif wGuf tusdK;&SdvdkYaygh/ rSefuefvdkY udkÓPfvif;atmifeJY wGJjyD;awmh jrdKUe,fw&m;½Hk;awG? tjyifaygh? oHudk uRefawmfwdkY 0wfrIeful;cJh
S h
tESYHrmpD;arsmwJtcgusawmh ayguf jyD;awmhzGJUMuw,f/ uRefawmf Muw,f/ 'gaMumifrYkd uReawmfwYkdh f
uGJrIawGjzpfvmEdkifw,f/ 'g[m wdkYuaMunmcsufxkwfw,f/ pm &ifckefoHcsif;xyfwlusw,faygh
y&rf;ywmaygufuGJoGm;vdkY&Sd&if a0&if;eJYpmBuJ&if;eJYtajccHausmif;
Profile
ausmif;om;xkvnf; emrnfysuf om;awGtygt0if ausmif;om;
r,f? odu©musr,f/ ausmif;om; tm;vH k ; ud k pnf ; ½H k ; xm;w,f / trnf - udkausmfudkudk
xkukd 'Daygufurtm;vH;udk cont-
JG I k vufvSrf;rDoavmufudk eD;pyf&m arG;ouú&mZf - 'DZifbm 9 &uf?
rol vkyr,f/ lead vkyr,f/ pkpnf;
f f wl&m wl&mpkxm;w,f/ tzGJUawG 1981 ckESpf/
ay;jyD; rSefuefwJhvrf;aMumif;ay: udk zGJUxm;w,f/ tJ'DurSwpfqifh rdbtrnf - OD;ausmfat;?
wifay;EdkifwJh tzGJUtpnf;rsKd;u vlMuD;awG tjyifrm bmvkyovJ
S f a': pdk;pdk;aomf
tJ'DtcsdefumvrSm r&Sdao;bl;/ qdkwmudk Munfhw,f/ 88ausmif; ynmt&nf t csif ; - B.Com.
'DtzGJUtpnf;rsKd;jzpfatmif uRef om;tzGJUu avmifpmqDtcuft (Hons.) 2005 ckESpf? M.Com.
awmfwdkYuzefwD;&r,f? MudK;pm;& cJjzpfay:vmwJhtcsdefrSm vrf; 2006-2007 ckESpf/
r,f/ tJ'DtawG;udk&w,f/ &wJh avQmufqE´jywmawG&Sdvmw,f/ Zmwd - &efukef
f
tcgrSmuReawmfupD;yGm;a&;wuú olwdkYrMumcifrSm ygoGm;w,f/ vlrsKd; - Arm
odkvf&GmomBuD;u/ tjcm;oli,f zrf;qD;cH&w,f/ Mo*kwrmygoGm; f S f U
ud;k uG,onfbmom - Ak'bmom ¨
csif;awGusawmh '*Hkwuúodkvfu w,f/ ygoGm;wJh tcgusawmh
ygr,f/ taemufyi;wuúovf yg kd f kd or*¾tvHukd vJroGm;atmifquf av/ tJ'DyHkpHrsKd;&Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJh
r,f/ ta&SUydi;wuúovygr,f/
k f kd f xdrf;zdkY? qufudkifzdkY? uRefawmfwdkY uRefawmfwdkY rsKd;qufu a&SUrsKd;
f
uGeysLwmwuúov?f GTC tp&Sd kd tJ'D &nf&,csufeUJ or*¾tvHukd
G f S f kd f
qufawGeYJ ,Ovu&if tifrwef
ojzifh oli,fcsif;awG tm;vHk;u qufvTifhzdkYqdkwJh &nf&G,fcsufeJU H
ausmufwwm;jrdKUe,f? r&rf;uke; f G f f
rS i,fve;wJh t&G,awGygw,f/
tar&duefpifwmrSm Book Club uRefawmfwdkY xGufrS jzpfawmhr,f l
tckacwfvi,fawG&YJ oabmw&m;u vrf;aysmufaewm NrdKUe,f? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f dS l
i,fayrJh vuf&vi,frsKd;qufukd
wpfcziw,f/ t"du uawmh pm
k G hf qdkjyD;awmh tajctaet& vrf; tJ'DvdkrsKd; ½Hk;awGudkwifNyD; ppfyg uRefawmfwdkYu OD;aqmifoGm;ae
ayaqG;aEG;yGJav;wpfckygyJ/ tJ'D ay:xGufvm&wmjzpfygw,f/
rsm;w,fayghaemf/ vrf;aysmuf&wJU taMumif;w&m;uvnf; w,f/ tJ'taetxm;rSm b,fvkd
D &wJhtcgusawmh 'DrsKd;quf[m
rSm uRefawmfwdkY wdkifyifMuw,f/ U I kfH
tajctaet&yf&yfaMumifayg/h txl;ojzifU vlra&;? Ediia&;? d J kd
&Svqawmh vGwvyfru twGi;f I f vrf;aMumif; wpfckay:udk rSefrSef
wdkifyifMuwJhtcg tpp t&m&m ar; - udkausmfudkudk pD;yGm;a&; w&m;½Hk;ac:wJh tif;pdefaxmif uefuefa&muf&SdzdkYtwGuf uRef
ayghAsm/ ukefaps;EIef;awGBuD;jrifh wuúodkvfrSm r[mwef;wufae
U Y
pD;yGm;a&;pwJtajctaet&yf&yfaMumifU a&Squf&r,fU tem*wf wGif;u txl;w&m;½Hk;rSm ppfwm awmfwdkY jyifqif&r,f? BudK;pm;&
vmw,f/ ukef;aps;EIef;BuD;jrifh pOfrSm 2007 ckESpf vIyf&Sm;rIrSm f f Ykd kd f H
udk rjrifb;l / rIe0g;aeMuw,f/ tJ'gu uReawmfwEiitwGuf xufawmh rdom;pkawG 0ifawGUcGihf r,f? t"du b,fvrf;aMumif;
vmwJh *&ufu rdbawGuwpf f kd d
yg0ifzYkd pdwu b,fvue;f atmif; &w,fqdkwJhtcsufwpfcsufyJ ydk ay:a&mufzdkYvnf;qdkawmh Civil
qifhausmif;om;awGudk ½dkufcwf cJUwmygvJ/
tvm;tvmraumif;bl;As/ ordkif;ay;wm0efu 'D[mudkt&if wm&Sdw,f/ usefwmuawmh bm f
Society awGay:xGe;a&;vrf;aMumif;
vmw,f/ wcsKdUausmif;om;awG ajz - 'DvAs/ uReawmf&UJ b0wpf
kd f qH;k z,fcm&r,f/ taMumufw&m;awG? xdi;f rdi;f rIawG? av;vHrI
G k I udkrSckcHacsycGifhudkvnf; qkyfqkyf ayghaemf/ Civil Society awGay:
qdk&if ausmif;wufzdkY? ausmif;udk avQmufvHk;udk i,fi,fwnf;u udiuirjyEdiwoabmAs/ ud,hf
k f kd f k f hJ k xGef;&r,fqdkwm tvum;ajym
vmzdkYtwGuf awmifvrf;p&dwf uRefawmfu olrsm;awGvdk ajy;
awGudk z,fcGm&r,fvdkh uRefawmfu ,HkMunfvdkufw,f . . . zufu a&SUaeajymwmrSeforQudk wmr[kwfbl;As/ 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiH
rzlvHkwmawG&SdvmcJhw,f/ vrf; vTm;aqmhupm;wJhtydkif;rSm tm; vnf;y,fcswmrsm;NyD;awmh w&m; wpfEdkifiHrSm Civil Society &JU tm;
p&dway;vdu&wJtwGuf wpfae
f k f h h
enf;cJw,f/ tm;enf;wJtydi;u h k f aygh/ uRefawmfu tJ'DvdkoGm;jyD; ayghaemf/ 32(c)qdkwJh ADpD'Daygh/ vdka&SUaejzpfwJh tpdk;&a&SUaeajym ayghaemf? tJ'Dr@dKifaygh/ yxr?
ukefbmrS rpm;&awmhwJh ausmif; vnf; uRefawmfhudk pdwfrcsvdkY? awmh ,HkMunfvdkufw,f/ tJ'D w&m;r0if vdkifpifrJh udkifaqmifrI wJh[mawGudk rSef\rrSef\ rpOf; d
'kw,? wwd,? pwkwr@dKifMuD; ¦
om;awG&Sdvmw,f/ pmayoif rdbawGtydkif;uvnf; tjyifudk awmh uRefawmfvnf; vli,fyDyD? qdjk yD;awmh zrf;w,fAs/ awmfawmf pm;bJeJY w&m;olMuD;&JU qHk;jzwfrI awGeJUtwlayghaemf? tJwm r&SdvdkY
Mum;a&;twGuf pmtkyfpmwrf; ay;rvTwfwmawG bmawGaygh/ tJ'Dvdk vli,fawGudk tm;uscsif awmh &,fp&maumif;w,f/ bm awG a wG U &S d & w,f A s/ 'gawG u &Sd&if &&Sdxm;wJh tcGifhta&;awG
tcuftcJawG? ausmif;rSmvnf; uRefawmfh usef;rma&;uvnf; wJh pdwfay:aygufvmw,f/ jyD; vdkYvJqdkawmh tJ'DADpD'DbmvJqdk awmh w&m;pD&ifa&;pepf&JU tm; qHk;½HI;oGm;Edkifw,f/ tajctae
tjcm; facility rvHkavmufrIawG odyfaumif;wm r[kwfawmh/ tJ awmh tckacwfvli,fawG&JU o wm uRefawmf rjrifzl;bl;/ Munfh enf;csufawGyJ/ w&m;pD&ifa&;&JU t&yf&yfaMumifhayghaemf/ rlvt
&SdvmcJhw,f/ tJ'DtwGuf uRef vdk tcsdefrsKd;rSm tdrfxJrSm pmzwf abmw&m;u vrf;aysmufaewm vnf; rMunfh&bl;/ uRefawmfu txufrSm wpfpHkwpf&m&Sdaew,f usyftwnf;udk jyefvnfqdkuf
awmfwdkYjzpfaewJh taxGaxGjy wmawGudk uRefawmfwpfavQmuf rsm;w,fayghaemf/ vrf;aysmuf& tJ'DADpD'DrSm bmygovJqdkwm 'D vdkYawmh uRefawmfwdkYcHpm;vdkuf& a&mufoGm;Edkifw,f/ t"du u
óemudk ajz&Sif;zdkYtwGufqdk&if vHk; vkyfcJhw,f/ tdrfrSm pmtkyfpm wJh taMumif;w&m;uvnf; t aeYtxd rjrifzl;bl;/ Munfhvnf; w,f/ tJ'we;u tajctaeawG
D k f l k
awmhvxvYl tzGUJ tpnf;awG tm;
ausmif;om;or*¾qdkwm&Sdr,fqdk wef;vnf; pHkwJhtcgusawmh [dk ajctae t&yf&yfaMumifhaygh/ t rMunfhzl;bl;/ 'gayr,fh csdwfcsif aygh/ 'gayr,fhtckawmh tm;vHk; aumif;zdkYvdkw,f/ txl;ojzifhu
NyD;awmh uRefawmfwdkY tMuHxkwf wkef;u pmtkyfta[mif;awG jyef xl;ojzifh vlrIa&;? EdkifiHa&;? pD; wJtcgusawmh vSr;cswvuwm
h f d f kd f jyefvGwfvmMuygNyD/ awmh trsKd;om;tcsif;csif; pnf;
Muw,f/ t&ifwkef;u or*¾udk zwfrdw,f/ tJ'DxJrSm vufvSrf; yGm;a&;pwJh tajctaet&yf&yf yJ/ tJ'upBö uD;uvnf;ajym&cuf
D d ½Hk;nDnGwfa&;? wdkif;&if;om;t
jyefNyD;MunfhwJhtcg ordkif;tpOf rDovdk tdk;a0r*¾Zif;a[mif;awG? aMumifh a&SUquf&r,fh tem*wf w,f/ trSefwu,fawmh vludk ar; - vGwfvmcJUNyD;wJUaemufydkif; csif;csif;pnf;½Hk;nDnGwfa&;? jynf
tvmuBuD ; cJ h w ,f A s/ 1936 [dk;a&S;acwfu or*¾ordkif;awG? udk rjrifbl;/ rIef0g;aeMuw,f/ zrf;wmyg/ udkrif;udkEdkifajymovdk h
tajctaeeJywfoufvhkd ar;csiyg f oltcsif;csif; pnf;½Hk;nDnGwfa&;
ckEpf 'kw,ausmif;om;oydwrm
S d f S tJ ' gjyef a vh v mrd w mav;awG tJ'gu uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiHtwGuf qdk&if zrf;wmuvnf; EdkifiHa&;? S
w,f/ wpfzufrmu vlxe,OwUJ k hJ S f uwpfqifh xm0&jidrf;csrf;a&;qD
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om; &Sw,f/ tJ'rm ideal jzpfzYkd person
d D S tvm;tvm raumif;bl;As/ o tckvTwfwmuvnf; EdkifiHa&;yg vlxkEdkifiHa&;udk tm;oefw,fqdk udk oGm;r,f/
or*¾(Auo)qdNk yD; ay:aygufvm awGayghaemf/ udkatmifqef;? udkA rdkif;ay;wm0efu 'D[mudkt&if D
yJ/ tJ'oabmygyJ/ rusL;vGeay f wJUudkrif;udkEdkifeJh 88 rsKd;quf aexGef;Edkif
cJhw,f/ tJ'DurSwpfqifhawmuf [def;? udkvSa&T tp&Sdojzifh &mZ k
qH;z,fcm&r,f/ taMumufw&m;
G r,fh uRefawmfhudk bmaMumifhzrf; ausmif;om;tkyp&aeygw,f/ wpf
f k dS qufvufazmfjyygrnf
avQmufrSm ausmif;om;awG&JU 0ifawGudk avhvmw,f/ avhvm awG? xdi;rdi;rIawG? av;vHrawG
k f I f I qD;&ovJq&ifvuzrf;csiw,f/
kd l kd f zufrSmawmU Mum;jzwfa&G;aumuf
EdkifiHjcm;aiGvkyfudkifcGifU&yk*¾vdubPfav;ck jrefrmbPftm;vHk;csdwfquftoHk;jyKrnfU Myanmar Payment Union pepf
jynfyEkdifiHrsm;ü bPf½Hk;cGJrsm;zGifUvSpfEdkifrIr&Sdao; ,ckESpftwGif;pwifrnfjzpfNyD; 2013 ckESpfwGif EkdifiHwumwGifygtoHk;jyKEkdifrnf
vwfwavmwGif jynfyEkiiH d f rSm rjzpfEdkifao;ygbl;}}[k ¤if;u jref r mbPf t m;vH k ; csd w f
rsm;ü bPfcGJzGifhvSpf&ef yk*¾vdu ajymMum;cJhonf/ quf t oH k ; jyKrnf h myanmar
bPf a v;ck u &&S d o nf q d k a om vuf & S d x G u f a y:aeaom payment union(MPU) pepf
owif;rsm;jzpfay:aeNyD; tqdkyg owif;rsm;t& 2011 ckEpaemuf S f S f
2012 ckEpf ESpqef;yki;wGif pwif d f
owif;rrSefuefaMumif; uarÇmZ k f k f H
ydi;wGif jrefrmEdiiawmfA[dbPf k rnfjzpfNyD; 2013 ckESpfü EkdifiH
bPf'kwd,Ouú| OD;oef;vGifu ¾ d
rS yk*vubPf 11 ckwYkdtm; EkiiH d f f k
wumwGiyg toH;jyKEkdifrnfjzpf
ajymMum;cJhonf/ jcm;aiG vkyfudkifcGifhtm;cGifhjyKay; aMumif; bPfvkyfief;tokdif;
]]tckavmavmq,frm jynf S d
vkuNf yD; ,if;teuftm&Spr;vef; d f t0kdif;xHrS owif;&&Sdonf/
yEdkifiHawGrSm udk,fpm;vS,fbPf rIzGHUNzdK;a&; AGD bPf? or0g dk
]]MPU pepfurMumrDtoH; k
G hf kd f D f dS
awGziEizYkdppOfaewke;yJ&ygao; ,rbPf ? {&m0wD b Pf E S i f h d f S
jyKEkiawmhrmyg/ jrefrmbPftm;
w,f/ EdkifiHjcm;rSm bPfcJGoGm;zGifh uarÇmZbPfwdkYtm; jynfyae vHk;csdwfquftoHk;jyK&rSmjzpfyg
cGifhr&ao;ygbl;/ A[dkbPfu jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;aiGvTJajymif; w,f/ xkwfa0xm;NyD;jzpfwJh
vnf; zGifhcGifhray;ao;ygbl;/ O rItqifajyapa&;twGuf jynfy atwDtrfuwfawGvnf; 'Dpepf
k
yrm'DubPfwpfcu jynfyEkiiH d f wGif bPf½kH;cGJzGifhvSpfay;vdkuf d f dk
ukjd yefcswqufzYdkvw,f/ jrefrm
rSm oGm;zGifhvdkufr,fqdk&if tJ'Du aMumif; od&Sd&onf/ bPftcsif;csif;csdwfqufovkd
bPfudk'DrSmjyefzGifhcGifhay;&rSmyg/ xdkYtwl 2011 ckESpf ESpfukef EkiiwumbPfawGeYJ vnf;cswf
d f H d jynfwGif;yk*¾vdubPfwpfckjzpfaom ,lEkdufwuftr&mbPf\vkyfief;cGifwpfcktm;awGY&pOf
bPfvkyfief;qdkwmu tjyeft ydkif;tcsdefwGif ta
jcif;wkYuwpfNyKd ieufwnf;taumif ta
vSefoGm;&wJh oabm&Sdygw,f/ f
(atbDtrf)vkyief;udy*vubPf kk¾ d EkdifiHwumrSm MPU uwfoHk;Ekdif csdwfqufoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; 2011 txnfazmfaompepfwpf&yfjzpf ckESpfrS 2003ckESpftxd yk*¾vdu
wpfck&Sdwmu MFTB wdkY MICB ¾
ESifhtpdk;&yk*vdubPf 10 bPf dfHS
jzpfovkd jrefrmEkiirmvnf;wjcm; ckEpf Ek0ifbmvu pwifxway;
S d k f d f
onf/xkYd jyiftckutwefYaiGaMu; I h l
bPfrsm;u0efaqmifray;cJz;NyD;
kd S k S
wdYk q&ifawmh olwYkd rm [drm Cor- 0ef;usifu Ekd0ifbmvqef;ydkif; d f H
Ekiiu uwfawG? EkiiwumoH; d f H k xm;aomatwDtrfuwfrsm;tjyif d l I d
vktyforsm;ukd 0efaqmifray;Ekif S f G ¾ d
2003ckEpwif yk*vubPfrsm;
respondent Bank awG&SdNyD;om; f
wGipwif0efaqmifrjI yKaeNyD; 2012 uwfawGjzpfwJh VISA uwfwkdY? Debit uwfESihf Credit uwfpepf aompepfwpf&yfjzpfNy;D tyfaiGvufcH h
wGijf zpfay:cJaomaiGaMu;tusyf
qdkawmh olwkdYuzGifhr,fqdk&ifjzpf ckESpftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiH&SdNrdKUBuD; Master uwfwkdYukdvnf; jrefrm rsm;ukdvnf; toHk;jyKEkdif&efjyif olESihf aiGacs;olwpfNydKifwnf; f d f h
twnf;aMumihf ydwor;cJonf/
Ekdifygao;w,f/ tck yk*¾vdu k kd f
rsm;udygjzefYMuufEi&efvyaqmif kf jynfrmoH;pJEirmjzpfygw,f}}[k
S k G dk f S qifxm;aMumif; od&ygonf/ &Ekdifaom vufvDbPfvkyfief; d
xkYdaemufA[kbPf\cGijfh yKcsujf zihf
bPfawGtaeeJYawmh ESpfaygif; aeaMumif;ESihf Myanmar Payment ¾ d
yk*vubPfwpfcr'w,Ouú| kSk d taMu;0,fuwfjym;rsm;onf
G pepfjzpfaMumif; bPfvkyfief; S d
2011ckEpf Ek0ifbmvrSpwifum
50 avmufaemufususefcwmudk hJ Union(MPU)pepfudkygtaumif wpfOD;u ajymMum;ygonf/ bPfrsm;\t"duvkyief;jzpfonhf
f f f l
uRr;usiorsm;uajymMum;onf/ dk f
jyefvnftoH;k jyKEicjhJ cif;jzpfonf/
S
tckrtpysK;ae&wJtaetxm;rsK;
d h d txnfazmfaeaMumif; od&onf/ MPU pepfjzihf jrefrmbPf tyfaiGvufcHjcif;ESihfaiGxkwfacs; atwDtrfuwftygt0if pnfoatmif
l
xnfurPrsm;ESitxnfcsKyvyf
kÜ D
ief;rsm;\oH;yGiqiuexwvyf
hf
k hf kd f k f k f k
f k
f G fI kf
ukeo,rvyief;rsm;ajzavQmrEiywfoufí
U I S Uf
rI(Triangular Manufacturing)o
abmw&m;t&vkyfief;rsm;csdwf
rlq,ferfUcrf;ukefonfrsm;toif;rS
qufvsuf&SdaerIaMumifh jrefrm
EdkifiHtxnfcsKyfvkyfief;&Sifrsm;
tcsufig;csufudkwifjyxm;
toif;rSvnf; vlYpGrf;tm;t&if; e,fpyfa'o&Sd ydkYukefoGif; h
avSmifonfae&mcGjJ cm;owfrwNf yD; S
tjrpfzUHG NzdK;a&;pifwmudtoif;0if k ukefvkyfief;rsm;tqifajyacsmarGU tkwfwHwkdif;rsm;? tumt&Hrsm;
tcsKyfvkyfief; 75 ½Hkyl;aygif;um ap&efESifh ukefoG,frIvkyfief;rsm; kf
tcditrmwnfaqmufíukeo,f f G
hf S f
zGivpxm;aMumif; od&onf/ xdk ajzavQmhay;a&;twGuf rlq,f- f
a&;ZketwGi;oGm;vmrIEiueo,f f S hf k f G
pifwmrS jrefrmhtxnfrsm;t&nf erhfcrf;ukefonfBuD;rsm;toif;rS a&;aqmif&urvyief;rsm;tcuf G f I k f
h
taoG;jrifrm;apa&;twGuf enf; k
jynfaxmifpor®wjrefrmEkiiawmf dfH tcJjzpfaeaMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/
k f
ynmqdi&mA[kowrsm;udk Semi k ukefonfrsm;ESifhpufrIvufrIvkyf xdYktwlvuf&vipifavQmuf dS dk f
-nar ESifhtao;pm;okawoejyyGJ f
ief;&Sirsm;toif;csKyoYkdwifjyxm; f xm;rIpepfESifhywfoufí rlq,f
rsm; jynfyrStxnfcsKyfynm&Sif aMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/ 105 rkdifukefoG,fa&;ZkefwGif vkdif
rsm;jzifhjyKvkyfum puf½Hkrsm;wGif tqdkygtcsufig;csufwGif pifrsm;tm;avQmufxm;cGifhjyK&ef
jzpfavh&Sdaom Puckering ydwf f f f
oGi;ukeypön;rsm;vdipifavQmuf k f k f S
ESijhf ynfyydYk uer&aiGazmfjy&efrvdk
wGeUf jcif;ponfh csKyf½;csKyfaMumif;kd xm;&mwGif aps;EIef;rsm;tywfpOf f f
bJ oGi;ukeypön;rsm;tm;vkipif f d f
rvSaomjyifxnfrsm;udwYk jH yefajz k jrifhwufaejcif;yg0ifNyD; txl;o avQmufxm;wifoGif;cGifhjyK&ef?
jynfwGif;txnfcsKyfvkyfief;cGifwpfckudkawGY&pOf &Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf okawoejyyGJ h k f
jzifueMf urf;ypön;? vQyppfypön;? f f ukefypönf;rsm;o,f,lydkYaqmif&m
fS
rsuEmzH;k owif; ]jynfwi;f txnf G vkyfom;tiftm;aygrsm;jcif;wdkY wmawGeYJjrefrmEdiiutxnfawG
k f H rsm;udkpDpOfjyKvkyfcJhaMumif; od& pufypönf;rsm;yg0ifaMumif;? t wGif vrf;c&D;wGif,mOfaMumydwf
f k f
csKyvyief;rsm;odhk jynfyEkiirsm;rS d f H aMumifh 1995 ckESpfrS 2000 jynfh udkvdkvdkvm;vm;vufcHvmwJht onf/ vm;wl oGif;ukefydkif;wGifvnf; qdkYrIrsm;avsmhenf;ap&efESifh vrf;
S
txnfatmf'grm,lrI . . }rStquf . ESpftwGif; jynfyrSatmf'grsm;pGm wGuf *syefatmf'gawGudk wjznf; tqd k y g Seminar rsm;od k Y k f f
vdipifaps;EIe;rsm;jrifwufaejcif; h wHwm;rsm;ydkrdkaumif;rGefMuHhcdkifrI
Gf
jynfwi;txnfcsKyvyief; f kf &&SdcJhaomfvnf; 2003 ckESpfrSp jznf;prf;csKyf&if;uae *syefEdkifiH jynfwGif;txnfcsKyfvkyfief;rsm; aMumifh w&m;r0ifarSmifcdkukef d
&Sap&efjyKjyifay;a&;twGuawmif; f
rsm;odkY jynfyEdkifiHrsm;rStxnf wifí tar&duefp;yGm;a&;ydwqYkd D f tBudKuft&nftaoG;jrifhjrifh? t hf
&Sd Supervisor ESipufjyifrsm;wuf oG,frIrsm;&SdaeaMumif;? ,cifydkY qdkxm;aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
atmf'grSm,lrIwGifvwfwpfavm onfhjyóem&yfaMumifh tqdkyg rSm;t,Gif;enf;enf;eJYcsKyfEdkifcJh a&mufrI&SdMuNyD;? NyD;cJhonfh 2011 ukewiueo,cef 8 &mcdiEe;?
f G f k f G f G k f I f f
]]uReawmfwYkd oGi;ukeorm; f f
ü *syefEdkifiHrStrsm;qHk;jzpfae f f
ESptwGi;txnfcsKyfvyief;wpf k f wmaMumifh 2010 jynfhESpf ESpf ckESpf 'DZifbmvtwGif;u *syef tjrwfcGef 2 &mcdkifEIef;aumufcH awGt"duMuHKawGUae&wJtcuft h
aMumif; jynfyodkYwifydkYay;ae& kd d f d f h
&mausmfcefYuywor;cJ&aMumif; v,fydkif;upNyD; *syefeJYudk&D;,m; kfH f
EdiiütxnfcsKypuf½wnfaxmif kH pOfuw&m;r0ifueo,rrsm;&SchJ k f G f I d k f
cJu vdipifaMu;jrifwufaewJt h h
onfhtxnfcsKyfvkyfief;todkif; od&onf/ ]]pD;yGm;a&;ydwqYkd rawG f I kfH
EdiiawGutyfxnfawGtrsm;tjym; cJhzl;ol Mr.YOSHIT u pufnd§ aomfvnf; ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGef cuftcJyg/ vdkifpifaMu;jrifhwJht
t0dkif;rS owif;&&Sdygonf/ rjzpfcifwkef;uawmh tar&dueJY &&SdcJhw,f/ vuf&SdtajctaerSm hf
jcif;ESiywfoufonftajccHoabm h f G hf
uif;vGwciay;ojzifh ydYk uevyf k f k cgusawmh uRefawmfwdkYaqmif&
jrefrmEdkifiH\ txnfcsKyf Oa&myEdkifiHawGudktrsm;qHk;wifydkY awmh *syefEdkifiHutjcm;EdkifiHawG w&m;rsm;udkvma&muf&Sif;vif; ief;rsm; w&m;0ifvrf;aMumif; h f
wJtcGeawGuvdujf rifom;w,f/ k h G
vkyfief;rsm;udk 1980 jynfhESpf0ef; h
ay;cJ&NyD; 2003 ckEpaemufyi;rSm S f kd f H d I kd kd
xufatmf'gvufc&&Sryrrsm;jym; ajymMum;rIrsm;jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdkY ay:odYk jyefa&mufvmonfukd awGU f f
ukeypön;wpfcuwifoi;r,fqkd k kd Gf
f S hJ
usicefYrpwifcaomfvnf; 1990 kd f H
awmhtm&SEiiawGeYJ tmz&duEdiiH k f aeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tjcm;EdkifiH tjyiftxnfcsKyfvkyfief;rsm;zGHU &aMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/ &if tGefvdkif;uaeNyD;awmh ouf
S f kd f f kd f
ckEpaemufyi;wGiEiijH cm;ukrPD Ü kd
awGuajymif;NyD;wifyYkdc&w,f/ tJ hJ awGrm&Swvyief;awGeYJEi;,SO&if
S d hJ k f Id f f NzdK;wdk;wuf&ef&nf½G,fí ,if; tvm;wl rlq,f 105 rdkif df
qki&mypön;&JUvuf&aygufaps;udk f Sd
hf k f kd f
rsm;ESizufpyfvyuiítpjyKcJNh yD; f JS
'Daps;uGuxrmtm&SEiiwpfcjk zpf kd f H awmh jynfwGif;txnfcsKyfvkyf pifwmrStajccHpufcsKyfoifwef; f G f
ukeo,a&;ZkeEiywfoufírl *dkf S hf MunfhNyD;awmh aygufaps;twkdif;
a[mifaumif? awmifudk&D;,m;? h kd f H
wJ*syefEiiuawmhpnf;urf;wif; f
ief;awG&UJ tm;enf;csuu vQyppf f rsm;udkzGifhvSpfcJhNyD; toif;0ifpuf a'gifrsm;wGifypönf;rsm;odkavSmif f d kd f
uReawmfwYkvipifavQmufygw,f/
*syefESifh*smreDEdkifiHrsm;rS vm usyfwmwdkY? ppfaq;rIrsm;jym;wm rD;tajctaeeJYpufa[mif;awGudk ½Hkrsm;rSvlopfrsm;? tulvkyfom; xm;&SdrItm; oGif;ukefydkYukefcGJjcm; 'gayr,fh vdipifxway;wJbuf k f k f h
D f HS
a&muf&if;ES;jrKyEcMhJ uumwdi;&if; kf wdkYeJYtxnfcsKyfcenf;wmaMumifh k
oH;ae&wJtajctaerSmyJ&ygao;
h dS rsm;vma&mufwufa&mufr&confh I dS hJ rIr&SdbJ odkavSmifxm;cGifhjyK&ef S f hJ
uowfrwwaps;EIe;f awGuwu,fh
om;ydkiftxnfcsKyfvkyfief;rsm;udk jynfwGif;vkyfief;&SifawGu*syef w,f}}[k jrefrmEdkifiHtxnfcsKyf tjyif&yfa0;rS vmwufa&mufol rlq,f 105 rkdif ukefoG,fa&;Zkef aygufaps;xufyrsm;aew,f/ tJ'D kd
k
vnf; tqdygtcserpíxlaxmif d f S kd f d f
atmf'gxnfawGucsKyzYkdpw0ifpm; vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;rSwm0ef&Sd rsm;yg&ScNhJ yD; tvsO;oif&mtxnf
d f h wnfaqmufpOfuydYk ueoi;ukef k f G f twGufvdkifpifaMu;udkoifhwifhwJh
aqmif&GufrIrsm;jyKvkyfcJhjcif;jzpf rIenf;cJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh tar&d olwpfOD;u &Sif;jyygonf/ csKyfpuf½Hkrsm;odkYjyefvnftvkyf k
odavSmifxm;rItm;cGjJ cm;xm;jcif; aps;jzpfzYkd oufqi&mudwifjywm dk f k
aMumif;od&onf/ xdYkaMumifjh refrm uefaps;uGufr&Sdawmhwm&,f? t k f
txnfcsKyfvyief;rsm;onf 0ifMuaMumif; od&onf/ r&Sdaomfvnf; ,cktcgydkYukefodk f
yg}}[k vkyief;&SiwpfO;u ajymjy f D
EdkifiHütxnfcsKyfcaps;csdKjcif;ESifh jcm;Oa&myEdkifiHawGvdkydwfqdkYrIr&Sd urÇmh0,fvufrsm;? EdkifiHwumt &wemOD; avSmifonfhae&m? oGif;ukefodk cJhonf/
f S
rsuEmzH;k owif; ]jrefrmEkii\a& d f H h
oifygw,f}}[kvnf;ajymjycJonf/ h
t&if;tjrpfyiqirurÇmwGitqifU kd f dk f I f tvm;wl a&ESiywfoufNyD; hf
14 &dS} . . . rS tquf f f l
uRr;usiowpfO;uvnf; ]]jrefrm D
jrefrmEkdifiH\ a&o,HZmw d f H kH
Ekiiu puf½tvky½?kH t&ufcsuf f
t&if;tjrpfrsm;ydkifqkdifrIrSm urÇmh puf½HkpwmawGuxGufwJha&qdk;
wGiftqifh 14 &SdaeNyD; tm&Sa'o awGujkd rpfacsmif;xJuwu½upeYf kd kd f kd f G
d f H
Ekiirsm;ESiEi;,SOygutqih(5)hf dI f f f ypfMuw,f/ 'Dawmh jrpfacsmif;xJ
wGif&SdaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHtif*sif ua&t&nftaoG;udxcuw,f/ k d kd f
eD,mtoif;? ESpywfvnfnvmcH f D kd d d
'gawGuxxa&mufa&muf[efYwm;
wGif qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS tNidr; f EkdifzdkYvdkw,f/ a&o,HZmwawG
d
pm;'kw,nTeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyfwpf xdef;zdkYvdkaeovdk &moDOwkawG
OD;rSzwfMum;cJaompmwrf;t& od h ajymif;vJaeawmh a&BuD;rIawG
&Sd&onf/ vnf;jzpfyGm;vmw,f/ a&eJYywf
urÇmhay:wGif a&t&if;t oufwJhobm0ab;awGtwGuf
kd f dk f I
jrpfyiqirtajctaeudEi;,SOf k dI f owd? jyifqif? tqifoifhtae
ygub&m;ZD;vfEkdifiHrSmtqifh(1) txm;jzpfaezdYkvygw,f}}[kvnf; kd
wGif&SdaeNyD; ½k&Sm;EkdifiHrSmrl tqifh pmwrf;&Sifu oHk;oyfajymMum;
(2)ae&mwGif&SdaeNyD; tm&Sa'o tjrpfrsm;xdef;odrf;Ekdif&eftwGuf k kd
a&udb,fv&,lrvJ? b,fvprH kd D OD;u ajymMum;cJhonf/ wpfaeYwpfjcm; &Sm;yg;vmw,f/ oGm;cJhonf/
wGif;EkdifiHrsm;taejzifh w½kwf water policy rsm;&Sdaomfvnf; cefYcGJrvJ? a&eJYywfoufwJhu@ qufvufNyD; ARDC (Agri k
a&t&nftaoG;qd&ifvnf; WHO jrefrmEkdifiHwGif a&udkv,f
jynfolYor®wEkdifiHrSm tqifh(5) jrefrmEkdifiHürl a&t&if;tjrpfrsm; awG a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufzdkYqdk&if -business and Rural Develop- standard yJ&Sdw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHt k f
,mpduysdK;a&;u@ü t"duoH;pGJ k
jzpfNyD; tif'e;&Sm;Ekiirm urÇmt
kd D d f H S h umuG,fxdef;odrf;Ekdif&eftwGuf 'D t wd k i f ; aevd k Y r &bl ; / Water ment rS tMuHay;jzpfol OD;aZmf0if; qifhowfrSw fwmrsdK;rawGU&ao; f dS
vsu&onfjzpf&m pm;eyf&umESihf d ©
h
qif(6)ae&mwGi&aeaMumif;vnf; f dS Myanmar National Water Policy d d
Policy &S&r,f/ &SaeNyD;om;t&if; uvnf; ]]jrefrmEkdifiHrSm ywf0ef; bl;/ tmqD,EiiawGxrmvnf;
H dk f H J S pdkufysdK;a&;tzGJU\pm&if;rsm;t&
od&Sd&onf/ d
r&Sao;aomaMumifh Oya'wpf&yf tjrpfawGudk Oya'awGjyXmef;NyD; usifxdef;odrf;a&;eJY ywfouf water policy r&Sdao;wm jrefrm 2000 jynfhESpftwGif;u a&toHk;
tm&Sa'owGif;EkdifiHrsm;t tcdkiftrmjyXmef;&ef vdktyfae xdef;odrf;zdkYvdkw,f/ bmaMumifh k f
NyD;Oya'jyXmef; zdYkvyaeMuw,f/ EkdifiHyJ&Sdw,f/ uarÇm'D;,m;?vm csrIpkpkaygif;\ 91 &mcdkifEIef;udk
aejzihfEIdif;,SOfMunfhygu w½kwf aMumif;vnf; ynm&Sifrsm;uoHk; 'DvdkcsrSwfzdkYvdkvJqdk&if vuf&Sd kd
'DvOya'jyXmef;&m rSmyJjzpfjzpfajr tdkwdkYrSmawmif&Sdw,f/ urÇmeJYyJ v,f,mu@twGuf toHk;jyK
jynfolYor®wEkdifiHrSmtm&Stqifh oyfajymMum;cJhonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHrSma&csdKa&aumif;u ay:vpD? a&ay:vpDawGxnfoi; h G f f S f d f H
,SO,O?f a'owGi;EkiiawGy,Of J S f dS
vsu&onfuawGU&aMumif;? puf kd
kd D
(1)? tif'e;&Sm;Ekiirm tqif(2)? d f H S h ]]jrefrmEkdifiHrSm a&t&if;t quality a&mquantity ygusvmNyD/ pOf;pm;oifhw,f/ ajray:vpDu ,SOf udk,fhEdkifiH&JUvuf&Sda&t&if; rIvufrIu@twGuf oHk;pGJonfh
d´ d f H S
tdE,Ekiirm tqif(3)? b*Fvm; h jrpfydkifqkdifrIu urÇmhtqifh(14) 'gawG[mxdef;odrf;zdkYvdkaeygNyD}} h J dS
rlMurf;tqify&aeao;w,f/ ajr? tjrpfawG[m xdef;odrf;zdkYtwGuf yrmPrSm 3 &mcdkifEIef;ESifhaomuf
fS dk f H S
a'h&Eiirmtqif(4)ESihf jrefrmEkiiH h df rSm&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh a&csdKa& [kvnf; qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS a&ay:vpDr&Sbvy&iftacsmwwf
d J kf H f d
a&t&if;tjrpfxe;f odr;f a&;tzGUJ awG oHk;a&twGuf 6 &mcdkifEIef;om&Sd
rSm tqif(5)wGif &yfwnfvsuf&dS
h aumif;uvnf; &Sm;yg;vmwm f
tNidr;pm;nTeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyfwpf w,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm a&oefYu aumfrwDawGzUJG pnf;NyD; aqmif&uf G aMumif;vnf;od&onf/ eD v m
aMumif;vnf; od&Sd&onf/ awGU&w,f/ pdkufysdK;ajrwdk;vm
urÇmhEkdifiHrsm;wGif a&t&if; w,f/ pufrIzGHUNzdK;vmwmeJYtrQ rsufESmzHk;owif; ]jrefrmEkdifiHü
wpfurÇmvHk;qdkif&m a&t&if;tjrpfydkifqkdifrItajctae(xkxnfyrmP) S k ¾ d
v,form;rsm;xHry*vuukrPD Ü
odkhvTJajymif;ay;aom . . .}rStquf
jyefvnfjznfUwif;Ekdifaom ajratmufa& ajrjyifay:&Sda&yrmP jynfvnfjznfUwif;Ekdifaom jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ,ckESpfrsm;
a&t&if;tjrpf a&t&if;tjrpf a&t&if;tjrpf a&t&if;tjrpf twGif; v,f,majr{utenf;
1/ b&mZD;vf 5418 1874 5418 8233 i,fomvkyfukdifaom v,form;
2/ ½k&Sm; 4312 .7 788 4036 .7 4507 .25 rsm;xHrS yk*¾vdu ukrÜPDrsm;odkY
3/ tar&du 2818 .4 - - 3069 .4 vTJajymif;ay;aomajr{utus,f
4/ uae'g 2850 370 2840 2902 t0ef;wd;k wufvmaMumif;od&onf/
5/ w½kwf 2879 .4 832 .8 2774 .5 2896 .57 jrefrmEkdifiHwGif EkdifiHvlOD;a&
6/ tif'dkeD;&Sm; 2838 455 2793 2838 \ 70 &mcdkifEIef;onf v,f,m
7/ udkvHbD,m 2112 510 2112 2132 k f d f
pduysK;a&;vkyief;rsm;udk vkyuif f dk
8/ tar&duef 2000 1300 1862 2071 aeMuonf/ 2010 jynfhESpftxd
9/ yD½l; 1616 303 1616 1913 ¾
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif jrefrmyk*vduykdif
10/ tdE´d, 1260 .54 418 .54 1222 1907 .76 pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; 216 cktm;
11/ uGe*kdf 900 421 899 1283 w&m;0if vkyfukdifcGifhjyKaom e,f
12/ AifeDZGJvm; 722 .45 227 700.14 1233 .17 ajr{&d,mtus,ft0ef; pkpaygif; k H H
qk;½I;rIjzpf&yfrsm;onf awmifay: awmawGukd vufvGwfqkH;½IH;ae& cif;twGufjzpfonf/ ucsifjynf
13/ b*Fvm;a'U&Sf 105 21 .09 83.91 1210 .64 rSm {u 1 'or 75 oef;eD;yg; d f
wki;&if;om;a'orsm;wGif t"du wmudkvnf; awGUjrifae&NyDjzpfyg e,fü vkyfief;vkyfukdifcGifhjyKcsuf
14/ jrefrm 880 .6 156 874.6 1045 .6 &Sdum trsm;qkH;rSmweoFm&Dwdkif; jzpfay:aeum EkdifiHvlOD;a&\ 42 Sf
w,f}}[k&r;jynfe,f uGwciNf rdKUrS f dk 14 ckxkwfay;xm;um ajr{u
a'oBuD;jzpfNyD; 'kwd,trsm;qkH; k f I f
&mcdiEe;onf tqdyga'orsm;ü k k f
OD;pdiprfcrf;u ajymMum;ygonf/ 600000 eD;yg;&SdNyD; &Srf;jynfe,f
rSmucsijf ynfe,fjzpfonf/ tjcm; aexdkifvsuf&SdMuonf/ awmif ]]t*Fvdyfvufxuf ajr,m ajrmufykdif;wGif ukrÜPD 17 cktm;
aomjynfe,fESihf wkdif;a'oBuD; ay:a'orsm;wGifomru ajrjyefY rSwfykHwifpepfqdkwmudk pw,f/ ajr{u 50000 ausmf vkyfydkifcGihf
rsm;üvnf; v,f,majrESihf quf wGifyg v,form;rsm;onf ajr H JG
ajrykqw,f? aumufw,f? vkychJ f ay;xm;onf/
pyfí &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;0ifa&muf ,mpDrHcefYcGJa&;twGuf rpdkufysKd; Muw,f/ okdYaomf wkdif;&if;om; f dk f G
vkyuicijhf yKjcif;trsm;pkrSm
aeonf[k od&Sd&onf/ bJ csefvSyfvsuf ajrvGwfxm;&Sd S
a'oawGrmawmha'otBuD;tuJ jynfwGif;ukrÜPDrsm;udk cGihfjyKjcif;
f kf
]]ajrvGwajr½di;awGuurPD dk k Ü aom pepfukd usihfokH;vsuf&Sdum awGuyJ qufNyD;awmh olwdkYo jzpfNyD; oufqdkif&m jrefrmukrÜPD
wcsKdUeJY vlyk*¾KdvfwcsKdUu OD;ykdif ,if;odkY rpdkufysKd;bJ csefvSyfxm; abmw&m;eJYolwdkY tcGefaumuf? onf jynfyrS &if;ESDS;jr§KyfESHrIudk&
D
vufO;rI&atmifvufawGUrSm pduf k aomajrrsm;? &yf&Gmu tokH;jyK tJ'&wJtcGeaumufxurS tcGef
D h f J ,laeum jynfyrSvyief;rsm;tm; k f
ysKd;arG;jrLrIrvkyfbJeJY OD;ykdiftrnf onfh pm;usufajrESifh xGef,uf oGif;qdkwJh pepf&SdcJhygw,f/ olwdkY 100 &mcdkifEIef;pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;
cHNyD;awmhajr&SiBf uD;pepfjzpfaejcif; pdkufysKd;aeaomfvnf; rSwfykHwif k f kd f I
&JU ydiqir[m tck vGwvyfa&; f rsm;vkyfukdifcGifhjyK&efpDpOfaeonf
pwJhtm;enf;csufawG uRefawmf xm;jcif;r&Sdaom ajrrsm;udk ajr vnf;&NyD? bk&ifpepfvnf;r&Sd [k od&Sd&onf/ 2010 jynfhESpf
wdkYawGU&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY vGwfajr½dkif;Oya'wGif tusKH;r awmhbl;/ 'DacwfrSm 'DajrawG[m {NyDvwGif AD,uferfEkdifiHu &ckdif
e,fawGrSmqdk&ifvnf; yk*¾vdu 0ifap&efvdktyfaeaMumif;vnf; dfH
Ekiiawmfuykiw,fqwm&Sw,f/df kd d jynfe,fü a&mfbm{u 120000
wpfOD;udk v,f{u 50? 100 ydkif od&Sd&onf/ f Hk
ajr,mrSwywif[mwki;&if;om; d f k f d k f kd f G hf d
pduysK;&efvyyici&&ScNhJ yD; jrefrm
NyD;awmhrS BudK;jyifawm? opfawm ]]ckESpfykdif;awGrSm uRefawmf awGqDrSm jynfhjynfh00r&bl;/ EkdifiHajrmufykdif;ü w½kwfEdkifiHrS
BudK;0dkif;eJYeD;pyfwJhae&mawGrSm wdkYEdkifiH zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufapzdkY &if;ESD; uRefawmfwdkY 'Dawmifwef;a'o D HS k f
&if;ES;jr§KyfErjI zifh a&mfbmpduysKd;rI
v,fOD;ydkifcHwmyJ/ bmrSvnf; jrKyfESHrIrsm;pGmvkyfvmwmudk uRef awGrSm ajr,mrSwfykHwifjcif;t udk aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
rvkyfbl;/ 'DpepfawG[m Oya' awmfhtaeeJY 0rf;ajrmufp&mwpfck ouf0ifrIuar;cGef;xkwfp&mawG NyD ; cJ h o nf h 'k w d , tBud r f
Murf;twnfjyKcsufcsrS ol[m taeeJYawGU&ovdk wpfzufrSmus &Sdw,f}}[k OD;0if;rsKd;ol (Eco T f
jynfoYlvwawmftpnf;ta0;wGif
atmfwdkrufwpf ajr&SifjzpfzdkY&Sdyg awmhvnf; 'Dawm 'Dawmifudk rSD Dev)u ajymMum;cJhygonf/ v,f,majrESiywfoufonfh Oy hf
w,f}}[k {&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD; wif;aexdkifwJh wdkif;&if;om;nD ucsifjynfe,fwGif ukrÜPD a'Murf;ESifh ajrvGwfajr½dkif;ESihf
bd k u av;Nrd K Ue,f r S awmif o l tpfudkarmifESrawG[m olwdkY bdk; 11 ckonf {u 400000 eD;yg; ywfoufaomOya'Murf;wdkYudk
OD;tkef;
vkyuici&&ScNhJ yD; xuf0ufcefYrm S wifoGif;xm;aMumif;vnf; od&dS
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif v,f,majr awmif,majr? pm;usufajreJYopf [l;aumif;a'orS yavmyDeHpdkuf &ygonf/ jzLEk
7
2011ckESpftwGif; jrefrmUtmrcHvkyfief;wGif Y
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;twGif; obm0"mwfaiGokH;"mwftm;ay;puf½kHwpf½kHESifU
dI f U
tmrcHxm;&Srw;kd cJNU y;D avsmaMu;ay;&rIavsmus weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;twGif; avtm;vQyfppfpuf½kHwpf½kH wnfaqmufEdkif&efpDpOf
2011ckESpfwGif jrefrmhtmrcH 'gayr,fh wpfzufuvnf; tJ'vkd D ]]2012-2013 ckESpfrSmyJ &ef ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufygbl;/
vkyfief;onf tmrcHxm;&SdrIEIef; S f k f
rarQmfre;EdiwhJ ab;tEÅ&m,fawG f S
ukerm 500 r*¾g0yf obm0"mwf urÇmrSmvnf;avtm;vQyfppfu
rsm; wdk;wufcJhNyD; avsmfaMu;jyef h
aMumif2011ckEptwGi;rSm tmrcHS f f aiGYokH; "mwftm;ay;puf½kHwnf us,fus,fjyefYjyefYokH;aeMuNyD/
vnfay;acs&rItaetxm;wGif xm;&SdrIEIef; ododomomwdk;vm aqmufzdkY&Sdw,f/ 2015 ckESpfrSm uRefawmfwdkYvnf; weoFm&DrSm
avsmhenf;cJhaMumif; jrefrmhtmrcH ygw,f/ESpfcsKyfpm&if;awGrxGuf obm0"mwfaiGY&vmEdkifvdkYjzpfyg vkyfr,f/ avwdkufEIef;u av
f
vkyief;taxGaxGrefae*sm a'guf ao;wJhtwGufpm&if;Z,m; twd w,f/ a&SUajy; 500 r*¾g0yfxkwf tm;vQyfppfpuf½kHawG? wmbdkif
d
wmarmifarmifor;f u ajymygonf/ kf
tus rajymEdiao;ayr,fh 2009- r,f/ tck Survey vkyfaeygNyD/ awGvnfEdkifwJhtaetxm;jzpfvdkY
dI
tmrcHxm;&SrtajctaewGif 2010 b@ma&;ES p f r S m &&S d w J h udk&D;,m;eJYzufpyfvkyfrSmjzpfyg k k f
yg/ &efue?f &cdieYJ tv,f½;rwpfkd
obm0ab;tEÅ & m,f r sm;? rD ; pHcsdefwif0ifaiGxuf tck 2011 k f kd f
w,f/ &efueuvQyppf"mwftm; avQmuf Survey vkyMf unfygr,f/
h
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ponfjzifrarQmf h ckESpfrSm 0ifaiGydkwdk;vmygw,fvdkY h k f
tjynft0ay;EdizYkd &efuermay: k f S avtm;vQyfppfu tckvkyfxm;
f k f
rSe;Ediaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;BuHK k kd f
oH;oyfEiygw,f}} [k a'gufwm vmr,fh oDv0gpufrIZkefudkay;zdkY wmu physical study aygh/olwdkY
awGUvm&jcif;ESifhtwl pD;yGm;a&; d f
armifarmifor;u ajymjycJonf/ h jzpfygw,f/ t&ifwe;u oDv0g k f udk tcsdefwpfESpfay;xm;w,f/
f Ü D
vkyief;rsm;?ukrPrsm;?bPfrsm;rS jrefrmhtmrcH vkyfief;tae qd&ifausmufr;aoG;vkyzYkd&w,f/
k D f dS wpfESpfywfvkH; avwdkufEIef;udk
vnf; tmrcHtumtuG,frsm; h
jzif2006-2007 b@ma&;ESpwif f G kf
tck&efueteD;wpf0urmausmuf kd f S jyefwGufaew,f/ wpfESpfjynfhvdkY
k f
ydrjkd yKvkyvmMuNyD; 0ifaiG&&Sryi; d I kd f usyfoef; 8656 'or 11?2007- rD;aoG;rvkyfbl;/ obm0ywf physical study NyD;wJhtcgrSm uRef
f hJ
wGivnf;wd;k wufcaMumif;od&onf/ 2008 b@ma&;ESpf wGif 10384 0ef;usifudk taESmifht,Sufay;rSm awmfwdkY 0efBuD;XmeeJYolwdkYeJYpm
]]'DESpfxJrSm wmavivsif? 'or 11?2008-2009 b@ma&; d f l k f H
rsK;rvkyb;/ EdiiawmftBuD;tuJ csKyfygr,f/tJ'DtcgrSm "mwftm;
yckuúLa&ab;pwJhobm0ab; ESpfwGifusyf 14044 'or 77? awGuvnf;a&tm;udk&atmif,l? udk uRefawmfwdkYydkifwm&Sdr,f/
tEÅ&m,fawG?rD;avmifrIawG&SdcJh 2009-2010b@ma&;ES p f w G i f obm0"mwfaiGYokH;puf½kHawGudkyJ uRefawmfwdkY 0,fr,fh"mwftm;&Sd
ayr,fh tmrcHxm;&SdrIr&SdwJhtajc usyfoef;aygif; 15077 'or wnfcdkif;ygw,f/ 'gudkuRefawmf w,f/ ydkvQHwmudk a&mif;r,f }}[k
taeawGaMumifh avsmaMu;ay;acs f 34& &SdcJhaMumif;? jrefrmhtmrcH f f
wdYk ig;ESptwGi;taumiftxnf ajymMum;cJhonf/
h h
&rI avsmenf;cJygw,f/ul;wdYkqyf d vkyfief;rS pHcsdefwifavsmfaMu;aiG ud&;,mEdiiEiy;aygif; um
k D k f H S hf l f
twGi; avtm;vQyfppfpuf½wpf Hk azmf o G m ;r,f / aemuf w pf c k u xdkjyif avtm;jzifhvQyfppf
rD ; avmif a yguf u G J r I r S m vnf ; k f kd f
tjzpfem*pfrewi;jzpfay:cJonfh h &efukefwdkif; a'oBuD;twGif; ½kHwnfaqmufEdkif&efpDpOfvsuf&Sd avtm;uaer*¾g0yf 1000 txd xkwf,lEdkifjcif;&Sdr&Sdudk {&m0wD
rD;avmifrIjzpfwJh*dkaxmifawGrSm 2008-2009 b@ma&;ESpfwGif obm0"mwfaiGYokH;"mwftm;ay; f
aMumif; trSw(2)vQyfppfpr;tm;
G f ig;ESpftwGif;xkwfzdkY&Sdygw,f/ 'D k f f
wdi;a'oBuD;twGi;üyg avhvm
tmrcH x m;&S d r I r &S d w J h t wG u f f
avsmaMu;aiGusyoef;aygif; 6000 f puf½kHwpf½kHESifh xdkif;EdkifiHESifhyl; 0efBuD;XmerS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u pDrHudef;udk xdkif;EdkifiHeJYaygif;NyD; rIrsm;jyKvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
avsmfaMu;ay;acs&rIr&Sdygbl;/ f f hJ
ausmay;avsmcaMumif; od&onf/ aygif;um weoFm&Dwi;a'oBuD;kd f u ajymMum;cJhonf/ vkyfygr,f/ avtm;u obm0 od&Sd&onf/
jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd yk*¾vdubPf 19 bPfteuf xuf0ufausmfrSm tdrfrSxGufajy;vmol trsKd;orD;wpfOD;tm;
jrefrmUtmrcHvkyfief;wGif tyfaiGtmrcHxm;&SdNyD;jzpfaMumif; od& arG;pm;rnf[kpnf;½Hk;NyD; aetdrfwGifckdvIHcGifhay;um
jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd yk*¾vdu
bPf 1 9bPf t euf x uf 0 uf
v1&ufaeYrSpwifum bPfrsm;
tm;vHk; tyfaiGtmrcH (Deposit
rSm tmrcHukd bPfrsm;u xm;&S&
rnfjzpfNyD; cHpm;cGi&&SrrmtyfEol
hf d I S HS
d umuG,ay;oGm;rnfh tmrcHtrsKd;
f
tpm;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
jynfUwefqmtjzpfckdif;apol w&m;cHwpfOD;tm;
ausmfrm jrefrmhtmrcHvyief;wGif
S k f
tyfaiG tmrcHxm;&SNd yD;jzpfaMumif;
d
Insurance) pwifxm;&S&rnf jzpf
d f H k
aMumif; jrefrmEkiiawmfA[dbPf
u&&Sdrnfjzpfum tajccHvlwef;
pm;rsm;ESifh vlvwfwef;pm;rsm;
tyfaiGtmrcH pepfonf
jrefrmhtmrcHvyief;rS 2011ckEpf
k f S
tvkyfESifhaxmif'Pf 10 ESpftrdefYcsrSwf
owif; &&Sdygonf/ rSxwjf yefchJaMumif;od&onf/
k twGuO;wnfí aiGusywpfoe;
f D f d f H kd hf kd f
wGif topfxyfrw;jr§ivuonfh f S G f
tdrrxuajy;vmol trsKd; rsm;ukd a':jrif&u,lxm;aMumif;?
h D
2011ckEp?f atmufwbm
S kd tyfaiGtmrcH trsdK;tpm; rSig;odef;txd tyfESHaiGrsm;udk tmrcHtrsdK;tpm;jzpfygonf/ D
orD;wpfO;tm;arG;pm;rnf[pnf; k aemufaeYwGiftrsKd;om;okH;OD;ESifh
&kH;jyD; aetdrfwGifckdvIHcGifhay;um jynfhwefqmtjzpfckdif;apí vkyfcJh
aps;uGuftwGif;a&mif;csvsuf&Sdaom eEGif;rIefhrsm;wGif cGifUrjyKonUf t"r®jcdrf;ajcmufí jynfhwefqm
jzpfckdif;apolw&m;cHwpfOD;tm;
&aMumif;? aemufwpf&ufwGif t
d f D hf
rsK;om;ESpO;ESixyfraecJ&aMumif; H h
f S hf
tvkyEiaxmif'Pf 10 ESpf trdeYf ppfaq;csuft& od&onf/
ta&mifqdk;aq;rsm; a&maESmxm;aMumif;od& f hJ
csrSwcaMumif; &efuewi;a'o k f dk f ¤if;aemufvecaom&ufu G f hJ
k
BuD;&JwyfzUJG rSL;½H;rSowif;&&Sonf/ d hD
a':jrif&ur---tm;{&m0wDwi; dk f
&efukefNrdKU aps;rsm;twGif;ü jzpfpOfrSm r-----onf a'oBuD;rS&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;
a&mif;csvsuf&Sdaom eEGif;rIefYrsm; {&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD; bkduav; okdY ac:aqmifcJhaMumif;? 'vNrKdU
wGifcGifhrjyKonfhta&mifqdk;aq; NrKdUe,f&Sd aus;&GmwpfckwGif rdcif okdYa&muf&SdcJhNyD; wnf;ckdcef;wpfck
(Metanil Yellow ) rsm;a&maESm jzpfolESifhtwl aexkdifaMumif;? d f hJ
okYdyYdkaqmifaexkicaMumif;? wnf;
yg0ifaeaMumif;jrefrmEkiiuse;rm d f H f rdcifjzpfolrSaemuftdrfaxmifjyK ckdaexkdifpOf trsKd;om;okH;OD;ESifh
kf
a&;qdi&mokawoenDvmcH(2011) h h G f hJ
cJojzifvecaom&uf(rrSwraeY) f d d d
wpfBur?f trsK;om;ESpO;ESiwpfBurf f D hf d
f G f
wGizwfMum;wifoi;cJYonf]h ]aps; n 6 em&DtcsdefcefYu ,if;tdrfrS h
jynfwefqmtjzpfci;apcJNh yD; a': dk f
üa&mif;csaeaom [if;cwftarG; xGufajy;vmNyD; u'kHued aus;&Gm jrifh&Dwnf;ckdcef;ür&Sdcsdef xGuf
tBudKifrsm;wGif ta&mtaESmyg0if wGif aexkdifaomta':jzpfolae h
ajy;cJum 'vNrKdUe,frwm0ef&ol S dS
kd
aerIuavhvmjcif;okawoe}} pm tdrfokdYoGm;a&mufpOf ¤if;aetdrf rsm;ESifhawGUqkHNyD; &yfuGuftkyfcsKyf
wrf;t& od&onf/ okdYra&mufrD aq;½kHa&SUta&mufü k G
a&;rSL;½H;okYdom;a&mufum &Jpcef;
tqd k y g ta&mtaES m rsm; jypfrIusL;vGefol a':jrifh&Dqkdol üw&m;vkdjyKwkdifMum;xGufqkdcJh
awG Y &S d & rI u d k aps;toD ; oD ; rS hf hD
ESiawGU&m a':jrif&uta':jzpfol aMumif; od&onf/
i½kwfoD;rIefY? eEGif;rIefYwHqdyfuGJ f k dk f
\aetdroYdvuyYdk&m ta':jzpfol trIoufaoxGufcsufrsm;
udk;rsKd;pD?i½kwfaumif;rIefYoHk;rsKd; d
uk¤if;\aetdrwirawGU&ojzifhf G f ESifh oufaocHtaxmuftxm;
ESifhZD,mrIefYwdkYudk 0,f,lppfaq; a':jrifh&DrS ol\tdrfwGifvkdufae rsm;t& jypfrIusL;vGefol a':jrifh
cJh&müawGY&SdcJY&jcif;jzpfaMumif; &efac:ívkdufoGm;cJhaMumif; od& &Dtm; 'v&Jpcef;pGJcsuftrSwf
ESifh tqdkygqdk;aq;rsm;onfuif aMumif;ESifh eEGif;rIefYudk;rsKd;teuf awGudkvnf;aysmufapw,f/ 'g onfhpm;aomufukefypönf;rsm; r onf/ 547(u)^2010jzifw&m;pGqwif h J dk
qmjzpfaprIudkjrifhrm;apNyD; a& oHk;rsKd;rSm qefrIefY?ajymif;rIefYrsm; ayr,fh tckaemufydkif;rSm tJ'Dvdk a&mif;cs&ef 2011ckESpf pufwif jypfrusL;vGeoa':jrif&u
I f l h D h H
cJ&m w&m;½k;rS &mMuD;(94^2010)
&Snfpm;oHk;ygutonf;uifqm yg0ifNyD; ESpfrsKd;wGif cGifhrjyKaom usef;rma&;t&a&m [if;csuf&m bmvüxyfrHtoday;aMunmcJY r----tm;arG;pm;rnfjzpfaMumif; jzifh vufcHppfaq;cJhNyD; 2011
ESifhA[dkemrfaMumrBuD;udkxdcdkuf kd
ta&mifq;aq; (Metanil Yellow) rSm t"dutoHk;jyK&wJY eEGif;rSm NyD;ppfaq;awGY&Sd&ygu xda&muf ajymqkdjyD; ¤if;tdrfwGifaexkdif&ef ckESpf 'DZifbmv 30 &ufaeYwGif
apEdkifaMumif;vnf;od&onf/ rsm; yg0ifaeaMumif; ppfaq;awGY ta&mifqdk;aq;awGyg0ifaeawmh pGmta&;,loGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ac:xm;&m tqkdygaetdrfwGifae awmifykdif;c½kdifw&m;½kH;? 'kc½kdifw
ppfaq;cJYonfh i½kwfoD;rIefY &Sdcsufrsm;t& od&onf/ k f
toH;jyK&wm pdwrcs&bl;jzpfvm vnf; &efukefNrdKYawmfpnfyifom xkdifcJhaMumif;? ,if;okdYaexkdifjyD; &m;olBuD;(2)½kH;rS vlukeful;rI
udk;rsKd;teuf ESpfrsKd;wGif oJrIefY ]] t&ifu aeraumif;jzpf w,f}} [k wmarGNrdKYe,fae tdrf ,ma&;aumf r wD aps;rsm;XmrS ig;&ufcefYtMumwGifa':jrifh&Du wm;qD;umuG,fa&;Oya'yk'fr
zk e f r I e f Y r sm;a&maES m yg0if a eNyD ; &iftaru eEGif;wdkufw,f/ e &SifrwpfOD;u qdkygonf/ aMujimcsufxkwfjyefxm;cJYNyD;jzpf d
r---tm;trsK;om;wpfO;ESijhf ynfh D 24 t& tvkyfESifhaxmif'Pf 10
i½kwfaumif;rIefYwpfrsKd;wGif t EGif;u usef;rma&;t&aumif;rGef xdkUtjyif &efukefNrdKU&Sdaps; aMumif;od&onf/ wefqmtjzpf t"r®Ncdr;ajcmufap f f
ESpusap&ef trdeYf csrSwcaMumif; f hJ
f k f
jcm;tyiftpdwtydi;rsm;yg0ifae NyD; cE¨mudk,fu teHYtoufqdk; rsm;tm;vHk;wGif qdk;aq;yg0if Nidrf;aZmfvif;?tdoOÆmausmf ckdif;cJhaMumif;? &&SdaomaiGaMu; od&onf/
Pg-8
aejynfawmf&Sd[dkw,frsm;tm; Mu,fyGifhrsm;tqifUowfrSwf? Mu,foHk;yGifU fS S f kd f Id
jrefrm-b*Fvm;a'h&EpEiiH ndEi;f aqG;aEG;rIt&
[kdw,f 13 ck? Mu,fESpfyGifU[dkw,f ckepfckESifU Mu,fwpfyGifU[dkw,fwpfck&SdaMumif; od& tjynfjynfqdkif&m jrefrmavaMumif;ESi fUtJyk*HwdkY
0efaqmifr?I taqmufttk&UJ tif
H U f kd f H k f kd f H
b*Fvm;a'&SEiiohkd wdu½uysoef;cGifU&&Sd
*sifeD,mydkif; t&nftaoG;awGudk
t"duxm; ppfaq;ygw,f}}[k 2012 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 16 tjynfjynfqdkif&mavqdyf av
[dkw,fESifh c&D;oGm;nTefMum;rI G
&ufaeYwif usif;ycJaom jrefrm- h aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&;nTefMum;rIOD;
OD;pD;XmerS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u b*Fvm;a'h&SfESpfEdkifiH avaMumif; pD;XmewGif usif;ycJhygonf/
ajymMum;cJhonf/ Id f
ydYk aqmifa&;ndEi;aqG;aEG;rI&v'f tpnf ; ta0;wG i f 1977
Mu,foHk;yGifhtqifh [dkw,f t& tjynfjynfqi&m jrefrmav kd f ckESpfu vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhaom
rsm;rSma&Teef;awmf[w,f? o*F[ kd k H
aMumif;ESihf tJy*avaMumif;vdi; k f ESpfEdkifiHavaMumif;oabmwlpm
[dkw,f? jrwfawmf0if[dkw,f? wdkYb*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHodkY wdkuf½dkuf csKyfudk EdkifiHwumavaMumif;ydkY
a&T{nfhonf[dkw,f? awmf0ifae ysHoef;cGifhpwif&&SdchJaMumif; od&Sd aqmifa&;jzpfay:wdk;wufrIESifh
kd
jynfawmf[w,f? aumif;uifeef; &ygonf/ tnDjyifqifcsKyfqdkEdkifa&;twGuf
awmf[dkw,f? a&Tjrefrm[dkw,f? ,if;nd§EIdif;aqG;aEG;yJGwGif pmcsKyf t opf r l M urf ; wpf & yf u d k
awmf0ifukrkj'm[dkw,f? tr& jrefrmEdkifiHrS tjynfjynfqdkif&m vnf; a&;qJGcJhMuonf/
[dkw,f? tdkatppf[dkw,f? ZrÁL jrefrmavaMumif;ESifh tJyk*HvDrd ]]b*Fvm;a'h&SfeJY wdkuf½dkuf
oD & d [ d k w ,f ? wH k * yl & d [ d k w ,f ? wufwdkYudk jrefrmEdkifiH\ ysHoef; yHsoef;cGifh&zdkY avaMumif;vdkif;
aejynfawmf[dkw,fZkef&Sd Mu,fyGifhowfrSwfNyD;jzpfaom [dkw,fwpfckudk awGY&pOf armifh[dkw,fwdkYjzpfonf/ cGifh&Sdaom owfrSwfavaMumif; awGudk uefYowfxm;wmrsKd;r&Sd
S f G hf
Mu,fEpyitqifrm &wem h S rsm;tjzpfowfrSwfcJhNyD; b*Fvm; ygbl;/ b,favaMumif;vdi;rqdk k f
aejynf a wmf [ d k w ,f Z k e f & S d f
pnf;urf;csursm;twdi;Mu,fyihf k f G w,fZkefrsm;udk ZrÁLoD&dNrdKU? 'u©d odCF[dkw,f? a&Tjynfawmf[dk a'h&SfEdkifiHrS Biman Bangladesh ajy;qJGcsifw,fqdk&if cGifhjyKcsuf
[dkw,frsm;tm; [dkw,ftqifht rsm;owfrSwfxm;aMumif; od&Sd& Á D
PNrdKU? ykAo&Nd rdKUESihf Owå&oD&Nd rdKU w,f? jrwfr*Fvm[dkw,f? *sef; Airlines? GMG Airlines ESihf Uni- &zdkY ndEdIif;ay;oGm;rSmyg}} [k av
wef;Mu,fyGifhrsm; owfrSwfxm; onf/ f
rsm;wGiwnfaqmufaeNyD; vuf&dS &Sif;[dkw,f? r*FvmoD&d[dkw,f? ted Airways (BG) wdYk ukd b*Fvm; aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&;nTefMum;rI OD;
NyD; Mu,foHk;yGifh[dkw,f 13 ck? [dkw,f 21 ckudk [dkw,f wGif [dkw,f 28 ckzGifhvSpfvnf ref;jrefrm[dkw,fESifh Owå&oD&d a'h&Eii\ ysoef;cGi&aom owf
fS kd f H H hf dS dS l
pD;XmerS wm0ef&owpfO;u ajym D
Mu,fESpfyGifh[dkw,fckepfck? Mu,f h G hf
tqiftwef;Mu,fyirsm;owfrwf S ywfaeum [dkw,f 27 ckrSmwnf [dkw,fwdkYjzpfNyD; Mu,fwpfyGifht rSwfavaMumif;rsm;tjzpfvnf; jycJhonf/
wpfyGifh[dkw,fwpfck&SdaMumif; NyD;aomfvnf; usef&Sdaeonfh [dk aqmufaeqJjzpfonf/ Mu,fyGifh hS k kd
qifrmjrwfeef;,H[w,fjzpfonf/ aumif;owfrSwfcJhonf[k od&Sd& jrefrmEdkifiHESifh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf
owif;&&Sdonf/ k kd
w,f ckepfcurl jyifqifrr;rHrrsm; Gf I tqifowfrwNf yD;pD;onf[w,f
h S h kd jrefrmEkdifiHwGif [dkw,frsm; onf/ avaMumif;vdkif;rsm;onf EdkifiHwdkYtMum; wdkuf½dkuf ysHoef;
,if;uJhodkY [dkw,ftqifht aqmif&GufaeqJjzpfonfhtwGuf 21 ckwGif tcef;aygif; 1500 Mu,fyGihftqifhtwef;owfrSwf ESpfEdkifiHMum; c&D;pOfrsm;udk wpf ajy;qJGjcif;udk ,cifu 1980
S f
wef;owfrw&mwGif zGivpxm; hf S f G hf h
Mu,fyitqifowfrw&efaqmif S f ausmf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ jcif;udk 2011 ckESpfwGif c&D;pOf f
ywfvQif ckepfBudrpD ysHoef;cGi&&Sd hf h S f S f
jynfEprS 2006 ckEptxd Ediiyif k f H kd
NyD;jzpfonfh[dkw,f 28 ckteuf f
&GuaeqJjzpfí Mu,fyiowfrwf G hf S ]][dkw,ftcef; zGJYpnf;rI? f
a'otcsKdUü jyKvkycjhJ cif;jzpfonf cJhonf[k od&onf/ avaMumif;vdkif;jzpfaom jrefrmh
[dkw,f 21 ckudkppfaq;NyD;jzpf rIr&Sdao;aMumif; od&ygonf/ toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm; t&nf [k od&Sd&onf/ aqG;aEG;yJGukd 2012 ckESpf avaMumif;rS ajy;qJGcJhzl;aMumif;
onfhtwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh aejynfawmfc½kitwGi;ü [dk
df f taoG;? 0efxrf;t&nftaoG;? aeNynfawmfowif;tzGJY Zefe0g&Dv 16 &ufaeYu &efukef od&Sd&ygonf/
f
uGeu&pfbavmufw;kH toH;k jyKtaqmuftODrsm; Android 4.0 jzifh Tablet rsm; jynfwGif;aps;uGufodkYpwif0ifa&muf
d f H G k f G
jrefrmEkiia'ooH;k ckwif aqmufvyom;rnf Android 4.0.1 toHk;jyKxm;
aom N 90 Tablet uGefysLwmrsm;
ukvor*¾vlaeNrdKU&GmzGHYNzdK; tqdkyguGefu&pfbavmuf &Srf;jynfe,fwdkYrSmvnf; quf jynfwGif;aps;uGufodkY Zefe0g&Dv
a&;tpDtpOf\enf;ynmyHy;rIjzifh h kd wH;udk manual yHazmfyoi;pufud
k k kH G f vufNyD; wnfaqmufoGm;rSmjzpf v,fydkif;wGif pwif0ifa&mufvm
uGeu&pfbavmufw;toH;jyKt
f kH k &d,mESifhxkwfvkyfjcif;? uGefu&pf ygw,f/ UN-Habitat tzGYJtpnf; NyD; w½kwfESpful;NyD;rSomxyfrH0if
aqmuftODrsm; jrefrmEkdifiHa'o bavmuf w H k ; t&nf t aoG ; ud k &JU uRrf;usifolrsm;u OD;aqmif a&mufrnf[k pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/
oH;ckwif aqmufvyom;rnfjzpf
k G k f G Hydraulic prf;oyfpufEihf ppfaq;
S NyD; aqmif&Guf&mrSm e,fajrcHtif ,if; Tablet rSm Android4.0
aMumif; od&Sd&onf/ jcif;? uGefu&pfbavmufwHk;t *sife,mawGeYJ a'ocHyef;&HawGukd
D (Ice Cream Sandwich) OS udk
ukvor*¾vlaeNrdKU&GmzGHYNzdK; oHk;jyKaqmufvkyfaom taqmuf bavmufw;xkwvyr?I toH;jyK
kH f k f k toHk;jyKxm;NyD; ya&mqufqmrSm
a&;tpDtpOf( UN-Habitat) ESifh tODrsm;udk jrefrmEkdifiHa'ooHk;ck aqmuf v k y f r I e nf ; ynmawG u d k Rockchip RK2918, RAM rSm 1
aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;Xme NrdKU&Gm wGif erlemjyaqmufvkyfoGm;rnf vnf; avhusifhoifwef;ay;oGm; GB DDR3, Internal Memory rSm
ESihftdk;tdrfzGHYNzdK;a&;OD;pD;XmewdkY t jzpfaMumif;vnf; od&Sd&onf/ rSm jzpfygw,f}}[k aqmufvya&; k f 16 GB &Sdum SD uwfxyfpdkufí
Mum; vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom ]]uGefu&pfbavmufwHk;t 0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifp0efBuD;OD;
k &aMumif;vnf; od&onf/ a&SU
em;vnfrpmcRefvmyg vkyief;t
I T f oH;jyKaqmufvywtaqmuftOD
k k f hJ cifarmifjrifhu Zefe0g&Dv 20 aemufuifr&mESpfckyg0ifNyD; rsuf ]]jyyGJrSm N 90 Tablet awG iOS udk,SOfEdkifzdkY vdkygao;w,f/
pDtpOft& uGefu&pfbavmuf k
udk yxrOD;qH;taeeJY ok0PÖoif &ufaeYu ok0PÖoifwef;ausmif; S
ESmjyiftus,frm 9 'or 7 vuf a&mif;ukefoGm;w,f/ w½kwfESpf 'gayr,foYltm;omcsueYJoawmh
h f l
wHk;toHk;jyKtaqmuftODrsm;udk wef;ausmif;rSm pwifaqmufvyf k zGifhyGJtcrf;tem;wGif ajymMum; d
r&Sonf/ Multitouch rSm 10 points ul;&SdwmaMumifh ypönf;xyfrSmvdkY &Sdw,f/ Android 4.0 eJY Tablet
aqmufvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ jcif;jzpfygw,f/ aejynfawmfeJY cJhonf/ d f S
txd&NyD; tav;cserm 630 *&rf r&ao;bJ ESpful;NyD;rS xyf0ifvm awGuawmh'DESpfrSm apmifhMunfh&
&SdaomaMumifh iPad 2 \ tav; zdkY&Sdygw,f}}[k T land rSwm0ef&Sd r,fhaps;uGufwpfckyg}}[k uGefysL
csdefESifh rwdrf;r,drf;jzpfum buf olwpfOD;uajymjyonf/ f kf k
wmypön;ta&mif;qdiwpfcrS wm
x&DrSm 8000 mAH &SdNyD; 10 em&D ]]oHk;xm;wJh [mh'f0Jypönf; 0ef&Sdolu oHk;oyfcJhonf/
0ef;usicefYtoH;k cHaMumif;od&onf/
f csif;wl&ifawmif Android taeeJY
U D kfH k f D D kd
vmrnfazazmf0g&vtwGi;f EdiiawmftqifU tdipwz&rfusi;f yoGm;&ef&dS
2012 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvt &GufEdkifrnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; &SifawG zdwfac:NyD; tvkyf½kHaqG;
wGif; aejynfawmf&Sd MICC wGif tm; t"duxm;í aqG;aEG;oGm; aEG;yGJvkyfr,f/ jynfwGif;u ynm
EdkifiHawmftqifh tdkifpDwDzdk&rfyGJ rnf[k od&onf/ &SifawGvnf;ygr,f/ aemufNyD;
wpfck usif;yoGm;&ef&dSaMumif; ]]EdkifiHawmftqifh tdkifpDwD EdkifiHwumrSm tvkyfoGm;vkyfae
G f
jrefrmhqufo,a&;vkyief;owif; f zdk&rfu azazmf0g&Dv 24 &ufaeY wJh jrefrmEdkifiHom;ynm&SifawG
tcsuftvufESifhenf;ynmXmerS eJU 25 &ufaeYawGrSm aejynfawmf vnf;ygr,f}}[k tif*sifeD,mcsKyf
D
tif*sife,mcsKyf OD;aZmfrif;OD;xHrS f
u MICC rSm usi;yzdYk vsmxm;yg OD;aZmfrif;OD;u ajymMum;onf/
od&Sd&onf/ k f H
w,f/ Edii&UJ Private Sector awG tqd k y g Ed k i f i H a wmf t qif h
tqd k y g Ed k i f i H a wmf t qif h hf
rSm Social Economic udk jr§i&if;eJY tdkifpDwDzdk&rfodkY jynfwGif;owif;
k f D D kd G
tdipwz&rfwijf ynfwi;jynfyrS G f 'DICT Sector u b,fvdkyg0if rD'D,mrsm;vnf; wufa&mufo
ynm&Sifrsm;yg0ifaqG;aEG;rnfjzpf aqmif&GufEdkifovJ qdkwmawGeJY wif;,lEdkifrnfjzpfonf[k od&
G f I D
jyD; jynfwi;&Sd vlrp;yGm;a&;u@ ywfoufNyD; aqG;aEG;oGm;rSmyg/ onf/
rsm;wGif ICT u@rS yg0ifaqmif 'DaqG;aEG;yGukd Ediiwumuynm
J k f H
9
Map ++ f
'pf*spw,f rEåav;a&TMuuf,ufqdyfurf;wGif a&aMumif;usOf;vmí ukefwifoabFmrsm;
ajryHkvrf;nTefpepfudk qdkufuyf&yfem;&efcufcJvmNyD; a&v,fwGifausmufcs&yfem;vm&
Android zkef;rsm;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiHtxufatmuf
f f kd rsm; t"du ukk o yfe BuD
uGeysLwmrsm;wGitoH;k jyKEif tpkeftqef qdeufwfuifyf&abFmm;&m;
Myanmar Explore Map++
rEÅav;NrdKU a&TMuuf,ufqyurf; d f
'pf*spfw,fajryHkvrf;nTefpepfudk f f
wGia&aMumif;usO;vmí oabFm
Android zkef;rsm;ESifhyDpDuGefysLwm
rsm;qdkufuyf &yfem;&efcufcJvm
rsm;wGifvnf; Offline taejzifh jyD; oabFmMuD;rsm;rSma&v,fwif G
xnfhoGif;toHk;jyKvmEdkifaMumif; ausmufcs&yfem;rI ydkrdkvmaMumif;
od&Sd&onf/ od&Sd&onf/
]]t&ifwkef;u 'Dpepfudkt {&m0wDjrpfaMumif;a&TMuuf
oHk;jyKzdkY 0ufbfqdkufudkzGifhNyD;oHk;& ,ufqdyfurf;wGif oabFmBuD;
ayr,fh tGevi;rvdbJ yDpueysL
f kd f k D G f k f
rsm; qduuyf&yfem;&ef vHavmuf k
wmawGeJY Android zkef;? oifykef; aoma&pl ; &S d a o;aomf v nf ;
uGefysLwmawGrSmoHk;EdkifwJhAm;&Sif; ,if;uJhodkY a&aMumif;usOf;vmí
udk tdkifpDwDjyyGJrSmrdwfqufay;cJh qd y f u rf ; wG i f &yf e m;&ef a e&m
ygw,f}}[k In Mai Kha ukrÜPDrS tcuftcJ jzpfay:jcif;jzpfaMumif;
wm0ef&owpfO;uajymjycJonf/
dS l D h od&onf/
,if;ajryHkvrf;nTefpepfwGif ]]oabFmqdkufuyfzdkYae&m
azmfjyvdkaomtcsuftvufrsm;? tcuf t cJ & S d a yr,f h vG e f c J h w J h
a&v,fwGif ausmufcs&yfem;xm;aom oabFmrsm;udk awGY&pOf
ae&ma'orsm;udk ajryHkay:wGif ESpfESpfuavmufawmh rqdk;ao;
azmfjyay;aompepf? vdktyfaom bl ; / tck a &pl ; teuf u av; ]]a&TMuuf,ufqdyfu jrpf uroefYawmhbl;/ awmfawmfqdk; uodyfNyD;rqdk;ao;ayr,fh vrf; BuD;r[kwfao;ayr,fh 0ifa&muf
tcsuftvufrsm;udk tvG,fw awmif(ajcmufay)avmuf&jdS yD; a& aMumif;taetxm;t& wpfzuf aeNyD } }[k quf v uf a jymMum; rSm 10 &ufavmufMumw,f/ wJhukefwif oabFmtay:rlwnf
ul&SmazGEdkifaompepf? teD;pyfqHk; aMumif;usOf;vmwmaMumifhom ydwaeNyD; acsmifMuD;vdjk zpfaewm/
f cJhonf/ tckcsdefa&pl;t& qD*gvH ESpfodef; NyD; ukewifuecsvyzYkd tcseawG
f k f k f d f
wGufcsufay;Edkifaompepf? tGef oabFmawGujkd rpfv,frm ausmuf S 'gaMumifh oabFmawGu ae&m rEÅav;NrdKU a&TMuuf,uf avmufyJwifNyD; a&aMumif;&Sm yd k a y;vm&w,f } }[k &ef u k e f -
k f f D
vdi;ay:wGip;yGm;a&;vkyief;rsm;f cs&yfxm;Mu&wm/ ukewifuecs f k f usOf;usOf;av;xJrSm auGUywf qdyfurf;wGif jrefrmEdkifiHtxuf armfawmfav;awGeJY a&aMumif; rEÅav;tpkeftqefoGm;vmae
jyKvkyEiaom eCommerce tajc
f kd f vkyfr,fqdkrS qdyfurf;rSmvmjyD; armif;NyD; &yfem;Mu&w,f/ a&pl; ydkif;rS0ifa&mufaom opfvHk;wGJ prf;NyD;*½kwpdkuf armif;ESifae& ¾
aom yk*vduukefwifoabFmydkif
cHpepfrsm;yg0ifNyD; www.myan tvSnfhusvkyf&w,f}}[k armf teufuawmh aumif;ygw,f/ azmifrsm;? qDoabFmrsm;t"du wmaygh/ a&TMuuf,ufqdyfurf; &SifwpfOD;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
marexplore.com [laom0ufbf
awmfqvifwpfOD;u ajymMum;cJh a&aMumif;uawmh wjznf;jznf; k f
qduuyf&yfem;aMumif;od&onf/ rSmawmh a&aMumif;uawmfawmf rif;oefY
qduviwifxm;aMumif;od&onf/
k f T hf onf/ usOf;vmNyD;qdyfurf;rSm&SdwJh a& ]]a&aMumif ; taetxm; usOf;aeNyD/ &yfem;zdkYtcuftcJ /
EdkifiHwumrS blrdaA'ynm&Sifrsm;yg0ifaom tjynfjynfqdkif&mblrdaA'qdkif&m
nDvmcHudk jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yxrqHk;tBudrftjzpf usif;yrnf
EdkifiHwumrS blrdaA'ynm vm rnfh rwfv 1 &ufaeYESifh 2 &yfqdkif&mpmwrf;tenf;qHk; 15
f
&Sirsm;yg0ifaom tjynfjynfqif kd &uf aeYwdkUwGifusif;yrnfjzpfNyD; apmiftxdzwfMum;rnfjzpfaMumif;
&m blrdaA'qdkif&m nDvmcHudk Geo Myanmar 2012 acgif;pOfjzifh vnf; od&onf/
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yxrqHk;tBudrf usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;twGif; t
tjzpf usif;yoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; h k
t"dutm;jziftqdygnDvmcHwif G jcm;EdkifiHrsm;wGif blrdaA'qdkif&m
jrefrmEdkifiHblrdodyÜHtoif;wm0ef Ed k i f i H w umbl r d a A'ynm&S i f nDvmcHukd tvSnfhususif;yMu
&Sdolrsm;xHrSowif;&&Sdygonf/ G f f
rsm;ESijhf ynfwi;?jynfywGiaexdif k aomfvnf;jrefrmEdkifiHwGifrl,ckrS
International Geological vsuf&Sdaom jrefrmEdkifiHom; blrd omyxrtBudrfusif;yjcif;jzpf
Conference udk jrefrmEdkifiHwGif aA'ynm&Sifrsm;rS blrdaA'ynm aMumif; od&onf/
f
okawoejyKvkyfcsufrsm;t& jrefrmEkdifiHtv,fydkif; csdKih 0Srf;a'otwGif;
vIyfcwfcJhaomivsifBuD;rsm;aMumifh xdcdkufysufpD;rIrsm; xyfrHawGY&Sd&
jrefrmEkdifiHtv,fydkif;a'o ú D
yckuL? yk*?H anmifO;? ausmufyef; ododomomysufpD;rI taxmuf
f f hJ l
rsm;twGi;vIycz;aomivsifBuD; awmif;eJY awmif;wGif;BuD;e,f H D
txm;rawGU&bJ yk*eYJ e;wJh ae&m
rsm;ESifhywfoufNyD;ivsifaA'qkdif wpf0dkufudkavhvmcJhwmyg/ t"d f k f d dk f
rSmyJivsiA[dcsuu&SEiw,fvYkd
&mokawoevkyfief;rsm;udk jyK u u a*G;csdKjywfa&GUudkvdkufavh od&ygw,f/avmavmq,frSm
vkyfvsuf&Sd&m ivsifBuD;rsm;vIyf H
vmwmyg/yk*ivsifu a*G;csdKjywf f hJ hJ
ivsioufa&mufcwae&m awGukd
hJ I h d kd f f D h
cwfcraMumifxcuysup;cJonfh a½GY&JUajrmufbufjcrf;rSmjzpfNyD; xyfawGUw,f}}[k&efuetaemuf k f
k H
a'orsm;udxyfrawGY&c&aMumif; dS hJ awmifwGif;BuD;ivsifuawmh a*G; k f kd d
ydi;wuúov?f blraA'XmerSwm
od&Sd&onf/ csdK&JUawmifbufjcrf;rSmvIyfcJhwm 0ef&SdolwpfOD;uajymMum;cJhonf/
,if;uJhodkYavhvmrIrsm;udk yg/ uGif;qif;avhvmMunfhwJht ]] awmifwGif;BuD;udkavhvm
jrefrmEkdifiHblrdodyÜHtoif;?jrefrm cg ivsif&JUA[dkcsufeJYxdcdkufysuf wJhtcgrSmvnf;t"du tysuft
EkdifiHajrivsifaumfrwDESifh&efukef pD;cJhrIawGudk xyfrHawGY&ygw,f}} pD;rsm;cJhwJh qyfoGm;&GmeJYteD;w
taemufydkif;wuúodkvfrS blrdaA d f H
[kvnf;jrefrmEkiiajrivsifaumf 0dkufavhvmwJhtcg qyfoGm;&Gm&JU
f
'ynm&Sirsm;yl;aygif;avhvmcJMh u rwDrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajym atmufu anmifyifom&Gmem;
jcif;jzpfNyD; 1975 ckESpfwGif vIyf Mum;cJhonf/ rSmvnf; ivsifoufa&mufrIawG
cwfcJhaomyk*HivsifESifh 2003 ]]1975 yk*HivsifrSmqdk&if &dScJhw,fqdkwm xyfrHawGY&SdcJh&
ckESpfwGifvIyfcwfcJhaom awmif yxrodxm;wmu ANSS uay; w,f/tck&wJhdata awGt& blrd
wGif;BuD; ivsifwdkYESifhywfoufNyD; wJh data t& yk*HeJYpm&if ajrmuf oabmt& avhvm&&SdwmawG
avhvmcJjh cif;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ bufjcrf;ydkusNyD;wefYMunfhawmif aygif;NyD; tcsuftvuftopf
d f H
]]jrefrmEkiitv,fyi;rSm qdk kd f eJYydkeD;w,fvdkYod&w,f/ NrdKifNrdKY&JU awG xyfrHxkwfjyefoGm;zdkY&Sdyg
J
&ifNrdKifNrdKUe,fxu&GmawG? ur®NrdKY taemufbufwefYMunfhawmif&JU w,f}} [kvnf; jrefrmEkdifiHajri
0ef;usif? anmifOD;&JU{&m0wDjrpf ta&SUbufjcrf;rSm ydkusw,fvdkY vsifaumfrwDrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;
wpf b uf u rf ; u jrpf a jc&G m ? e*dkuodcJh&w,f/ wu,fwrf; uajymMum;cJhonf/
10
,mOfpnf;urf;vrf;pnf;urf;pmar;yGJtm; tdkifwDenf;ynmtoHk;jyKí ppfaq;rIpwif Tan Chay Bing ynmoifqk
tdkifwDenf;ynmtoHk;jyKí rnfjzpfaMumif;vnf; od&Sd&yg ay:rSm trSm;trSeuvufaxmuf
f kd vuf&SdtoHk;jyKaeygNyD/ rMumcif ,ckESpfrSpwifí ay;tyfrnf
,mOfpnf;urf;vrf;pnf;urf; ppf onf/ k
NyD;ajzqd&rSmyg/ 'Dpepfo;xm;wJh
kH umvrSm &efukefeJY rEåav;u pifumylEkdifiH&Sd LASALLE vnf;pifumylynma&;0efBuD;Xme
aq;jcif;tm; aejynfawmf&dS uke; f ]]'Dpepfudk uneu owf twGuf wu,fwwfuRrf;rSom ,mOfarmif;oifwef;ausmif;awG College rS Tan Chay Bing ynm rS csD;jr§ifhonfh Tuition Grant rsm;
D
vrf;ydYk aqmifa&;tif*sife,mXme rSwfxm;wJh,mOfpnf;urf;? vrf; pmar;yGJatmifrSmyg/ tck'Dpepfudk rSmvnf;toH;jyKzdYk &w,f}} [k Mr.
k dS oifqkudk 2012 ckESpfrSpwifay; d
&&Srnfjzpfum ynmoifaxmufyhH
rS zGifhvSpfxm;onfh ,mOfarmif; pnf;urf;awGeJYtnD a&;qGJay; aejynfawmfu uke;vrf;ydYk aqmif
f Htet Computer Virus Lab rS tyfrnfjzpfaMumif; od&dS&onf/ aMu;&&Sygu pifumylEiiüoH;ESpf
d dk f H k
oifwef;ausmif;ü pwiftoHk;jyK xm;wmyg/ pmar;yGJajzwJholawG f D
a&;tif*sie,mXmeu zGixm;wJh hf udkxufvif;pdk;u qdkygonf/ tqdkygaumvdyfodkY 2012 ck tvkyfvkyfudkif&eftwGuf pmcsKyf
ppfaq;vsuf½SdaMumif; od&Sd&yg taeeJY Touch screen uGefysLwm ,mOfarmif;oifwef;ausmif;rSm aucdkif0ifh ESpf Mo*kwvüwufa&mufrnfol
f h kd
csKyfq&rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
onf/ rsm;twGuf Tan Chay Bing ynm 2012 ckESpf ynmoifESpf
tqdkygpepfrSm uGefysLwm oifESihf Future Leader ynmoif twGuf ynmoifaxmufyHhaMu;
twGif;ü ukef;vrf;ydkYaqmifa&; D hf
qkrsm;yg ay;tyfcs;jr§iay;rnfjzpf rsm;tjyif ynmoifqkESpfrsKd;udkyg
nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme (une)\ &m ynmoifqkrsm;twGuf Zefe df
avQmufxm;EkirnfjzpfNyD;ynmoif
ar;cGef;rsm; xnfhoGif;xm;NyD; d
0g&DvrSpwifavQmufxm;EkiNf yDjzpf qktwGuf ynma&;rSwfwrf;rsm;?
ajzqdkrnfhoifwef;om;rsm;tae aMumif ; Crown Education rS vuf&majrmufaom Portfolio rsm;
jzifh ,mOfpnf;urf; tck 20 ESifh od&Sd&ygonf/ hf I
ESiacgif;aqmifrtawGUtMuHKrsm;
vrf;pnf;urf; tck 20 udajzqd&k k LASALLE College onf ay:wGiftuJjzwfí qHk;jzwfoGm;
rnf[k od&onf/ tm&S-ypdzdwfa'owGiftEkynm rnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
ar;cGef;wpfckvQif ajzqdkcsdef hf h
ESiywfoufonfbmom&yfrsm;udk k
tqdyg aumvdyoYdk avQmuff
15 puúefYom &&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ oifMum;ay;aeNyD; pifumylynm xm;vdkolrsm;taejzifh wuúodkvf
,if ; pepf t m; Mr.Htet Com- a&;0efBuD;Xme\ axmufyHhrI&&Sd J
0ifwef;pmar;yGatmifjrifNy;t*Fvyf D d
puter VirusLab u ukef;vrf;ydkY h f
xm;onfaumvdywpfcjk zpfonf/ pmt&nftcsif;IELTS 5.5 (odkYr
aqmifa&;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;XmerS Design? Interior Design? Film? [k w f ) TOEFL(525) &&S d & rnf
owfrSwfxm;aom ,mOfpnf; Fine Arts? Media Arts? Dance? f d kd
jzpfNyD;tao;pdwovyguCrown
urf;? vrf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD Music? Theatre ponfhbmom&yf Education ½Hk;csKyf Summit Park -
a&;qGJxm;jcif;jzpfonf[k od&Sd& rsm;udk tajccHrSpwifí 'Dyvdkrm? view Hotel tcef;(228-229)
onf/ bGJUESifh r[mbGJUwef;rsm;txd zGifh hf k f k
ESiajreDue;½H;cGJ trSw(272) (4) f
k
,if;pepf toH;jyKí pmar;yGJ f
vSpoifMum;ay;vsu&&mtqdyg f dS k f
vTm tcef;trSw(404) jynfvrf;?
ajzqdk&jcif;aMumifh trSefwu,f f G hf d
aumvdyoYkd0ifci&&Sonfh ausmif; "evIdifwm0godkY qufoG,fpHkprf;
wwfuRr;rSom pmar;yGatmifjrif
f J tdkifwDenf;ynmtoHk;jyKí ,mOfpnf;urf;vrf;pnf;urf; ppfaq;jcif;tm; jyoxm;pOf ol ausmif ; om;rsm;taejzif h ar;jref;EkdifaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
LCCI Level 4 tm; &efukef? rEåav;? aejynfawmf&Sd jynfwGif;jynfy oHCmtyg; 1000 jzifh oHCmh tpnf;ta0;usif;y&ef&Sd
jynfwGif;jynfy oHCmawmf aqudE´m&mrausmif;wdkufü jyK q&mawmf? csrf;ajrhq&mawmf
oifwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif qufvufoif,lEdkifNyDjzpfaMumif;od& f
tyg; 1000 jzifh (18)Budrajrmuf
Ak'¨omoemawmfvHk;qdkif&m a&T
vkyfrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
tcrf;tem;odkY jrefrmEkdifiHrS
h
ponfq&mawmfrsm;OD;aqmifonfh
jynfe,fESifh wdkif;a'oBuD;toD;
,ckESpfrSpí LCCI Level 4 wJholawGu ,laurSm 'D*&D&wJh Zefe0g&DvrSpíESpEptwGi;LCCI
fSf f usif edum,oHCmhtpnf;ta0; d f H
EkiiawmfMo0g'p&d, a&Tusiom f oD;&Sd a&Tusif*dkPf;0ifoHCmawmf
tm; &efukef? rEÅav;ESifh aejynf l G hf
txd qufvufoif,ci&rSmjzpf Level 3 NyD;qHk;olwdkif; Level 4 udk yGJtcrf;tem;udk Zefe0g&Dv 31 oemydkif 0gqdkq&mawmf tbd"Z rsm;? t*Fvef? *syef? awmifudk&D;
awmf&Sd oifwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ygw,f/ 'DLevel 4 eJYywfoufwJh pwifoifMum;EkdifNyD; oifwef; &ufaeYrS azazmf0g&Dv 2 &ufaeY k
r[m&|*k½a'gufwmb'´Et*¢, Å d ,m;? oD&dvuFm? xdkif;ponfh
qufvufoif,lEkdifNyDjzpfaMumif; a[majymyGJawGudkvnf; rwfv ausmif;ESifhoifwef;om;\ wuf k f kd f
txd &efuewi;a'oBuD; arSmbD f (rEÅav;r[m0dok'¨g½Hkwdkufopf)? EkdifiHrsm;rS a&TusifEG,f0ifoHCm
NAdwdoQaumifpDrS wm0ef&Sdolwpf k f S f G D
ydi;avmufrmvkyom;zdYk ppOfxm; a&mufray:rlwnfíoifwef;umv
I NrdKUe,f atmuf0g;eufacsmif; a&T[oFmwduopfq&mawmf (&ef
k f awmftyg; 1000 wdkY wufa&muf
OD;xHrSod&onf/ ygw,f/ aemufESpfawGrSm Level tenf;qHk;ajcmufvMumjrifhrnf aus;&Gm&Sd "r®'lwaZw0efawm& uif;)? r@dwm&mra&Tawmifue; k f rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]uRefawmfwYkd LCCI Level 4 5 eJY Level 6 xd qufvufoif jzpfaMumif;ESifh LCCI Level 4
eJYywfoufwJh jy|mef;pmtkyfawG d f D
Mum;vmEkiatmifppOfaeygw,f}} pmar;yGJaMu;rSm wpfbmomvQif
k
udk &efueNf rdKUu oifwef;ausmif; [k OD;ausmfxif (Business De- tar&duefa':vm 55 a':vm
awGudk jzefYa0ay;NyD;jzpfygw,f/ velopment Consultant , LCCI ) J f
jzpfNyD; pmar;yGukd ZGevwGif pwif
ESpfESpftwGif; Level 3 ajzqkdcJhNyD; h S
uajymMum;cJygonf/ 2012 ckEpf usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
tonf;? ausmufuyfa0'em&Sifrsm;udk tcrJUprf;oyfMunfh ½Ippfaq;ay;rnf
tdE´d,EdkifiH Apollo aq;½Hk f l
tpmtdrtvrf;aMumif;ESifh taxG aqG;aEG;ay;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfay;
f k J d f
tkyprS cGpwtxl;ukq&m0efBuD; axGcGJpdwfq&m0efBuD; Dr.(Prof) oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
rsm; jrefrmEdkifiHodkY vma&mufí Sandeep Guleria wdYk jzpfNyD; Zefe0g k
aqG;aEG;ukovdaomtonf;?
h f I
tcrJprf;oyfMunh½aqG;aEG;rIrsm; &Dv 27 &ufaeYwGif rEÅav;NrdKU&Sd f
ausmufuyfa0'em&Sirsm;taejzifh
jyKvkyfrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ Hotel Mandalay üvnf;aumif;? KC usef;rma&;apmihfa&SmufrIvkyf
tqdkyg q&m0efBuD;rsm;rSm Zef e 0g&D v 29 &uf a eYwG i f k f
ief; 09-73144588 (&efue)ESifh
k JG d f
tonf;tpm;xd;ukcpwq&m0ef &efukefNrdKU&Sd Chatrium Hotel ü 09-43127970(rEÅ a v;)od k Y
BuD ; Dr. Subash Gupta ES i h f vnf;aumif;tonf;?ausmufuyf G f kf
qufo,pm&if;ay;oGi;f EdiaMumif;
ygarmu©^ ausmufuyftpm;xdk;? vlemrsm;udk tcrJhprf;oyfMunhf½I od&onf/
tvdk&Sdonf
(1) tvkyfoif (odkh) ti,fwef;owif;axmuf - usm; (3) OD;? r (2) OD;
f k f kd f kfS df
touf (23) ESpatmufjzpfNy;D tajccHynmtxufwef;atmifjrif&rnf/ ud,wia&;tmabmfowif;wpfy'EiUf twlavQmufxm;Ekionf/
(2) owif;axmuf - usm; (2) OD;? r (1) OD;
touf(25)ESpfatmuf bGJY&? owif;wpfyk'fESifUtwl avQmufxm;Ekdifonf/
(3) rEåav;½kH;cGJtwGuf tvkyfoif (odkh) ti,fwef;owif;axmuf - usm; (1) OD;
f k f kd f k f S Uf df
touf (23) ESpatmufjzpfNy;D tajccHynmtxufwef;atmifjrif&rnf/ ud,wia&;tmabmfowif;wpfy'Eitwl avQmufxm;Ekionf/
avQmufxm;olrsm;onf owif;rD'D,mvkyfief;udkpdwf0ifpm;olrsm;jzpfNyD; trsm;tusKd;aqmif&Guf&ef pdwfxuf
oefolrsm;jzpf&rnf/ avQmufxm;olrsm;onf rdrd&&SdvdkonfUvpmudk xnfUoGif;avQmufxm;&rnf/ avQmufxm;ol
tm;vHk;udk tajccHjyifyA[kokwrsm; ar;jref;rnfjzpfonf/
(2012 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 10 &ufaeh aemufqHk;xm; avQmufxm;Ekdifygonf/)
qufoG,f&ef á Eleven Media Group ? trSwf (22) awmifjrif;NydKifuGif;vrf;? wmarGBuD;(c)&yfuGuf? wmarGNrdKYe,f?
&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;/ zkef; - 400524? 400528? 401411
11
Call Center 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;odkY ukrÜPD 15 ckcefh xyfrHurf;vSrf;xm; xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m jrefrmoH½Hk;ü
NyD;cJUaomvtwGif; rdkbdkif;zkef;BudKwifaiGay;pepftaMumif; ar;jref;olrsm;jym;cJU jrefrmtvkyform; t&m&SdwpfOD;tm;
jynfwGif;ü yxrqHk;zGifh wGJzufwm0efay;tyfrI pwifjyKvkyf
f hJ
vSpconfh Call Center 0efaqmif
k f
rIvyief;wGif ueOD;tvkytyfEHS f xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m jrefrmoH½Hk; EdkifiHjrefrmoH½Hk;rSmawmh tvkyfo
aomtzGUJ tpnf;ESiurPD 12 ck hf k Ü f
ü jrefrmtvkyorm;t&m&SwpfO; d D rm;t&m&Sdudk 'DZifbmv 18 &uf
d dS G f k Ü
&ScNhJ yD; vuf&wiurPD 15 cku tm; wGJzufxm;&Sdvsuf wm0ef uaepNyD;awmh wGJzufwm0eft
tvkyftyfESH&efxyfrHurf;vSrf; ay;tyf r I p wif j yKvk y f a eNyD j zpf aeeJY ay;tyfaqmif&GufapcJhyg
xm;NyD;tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;rIrsm; aMumif; tvkyform;0efBuD;Xme? w,f}} [k tvkyform;0efBuD;Xm
f
jyKvkyaeaMumif;pHprf;od&onf/ k k
tpd;&jynfytvkytudiat*sifpD f k f e? tpdk;&jynfytvkyftudkifat
dS S
]]tckvuf&rm jynfwi;u G f rS owif;&&Sdygonf/ f D dS l
*siprS wm0ef&owpfO;u ajymjy D
ukrÜPD 15 ckavmufxyfurf; tqdkygtvkyform;t&m&Sd cJhygonf/
f
vSr;xm;NyD;aqG;aEG;n§Ei;rIawG d dI f taejzifh xdkif;EdkifiHa&muf jrefrm xdkif;EdkifiHonf jrefrma&TU
f
jyKvkyaeygw,f/ xyfurf;vSr; f EdkifiHom;a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm;ü ajymif;vkyfom;rsm; trsm;qHk;
h k Ü D
vmwJurPawGxrm jyyGawGpD J S J jzpfay:vmonfh tcuftcJrsm;? oGm;a&mufvkyfudkifonfhEdkifiHjzpf
pOfwJhukrÜPD? tDvufxa&mepf tqif r ajyrI r sm;? jzpf a y:vm NyD; vuf&SdtcsdefwGif jrefrmvkyf
Ü
ukrPBD uD;wpfc?k tGevi;uae f kd f onfh jyóemrsm;ESifh ywfoufí om; ESpfoef;cefY&SdaeaMumif;ESifh
h
wpfqiftar&duefEiiuypön; kd f H f tultnDrsm;aqmif&Gufay;oGm; ¤if;wdkYtwGufvdktyfaom tvkyf
awG0,fay;aewJhvkyfief;? c&D; Call Center twGif;at;*sifhrsm;rS 0efaqmifrIay;aepOf rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ kd f H l
orm;,m,DEiiu;vufrwrsm; S f
oGm;ukrÜPD? aq;ukrÜPDBuD;ESpf udkBudKwifaiGay;pepfajymif;r,f cPapmifhcdkif;NyD; vdkufpHkprf;& oGm;&ef&SdNyD; xyfrHwnfaqmuf k f k f H kd f
]] tck xdi;Ediiqi&mjrefrm xkwfay;jcif;ESifh om;orD;rsm;
f
ck? tcsutvufawGpaqmif;wJh k qdkwmeJYywfoufNyD; Prepaid, wmrsKd;? zkef;eHygwfawmif;NyD; jyef rnfhae&mudkra&G;cs,f&ao;bJ oH½Hk;rSm jrefrmvkyfom;t&m&Sdudk ynmoifMum;Edkifa&;ESifhywfouf
MMRD pwJhukrÜPDawG? vkyf Postpaid udpöawG ajzay;&wm qufay;wmrsKd; vkyfay;cJh&yg qufoG,fa&;½Hk;rsm;\teD;0ef; xm;ay;wm EdkifiHtaeeJYajymr,f íESpfEdkifiHtpdk;&rS nd§EdIif;aqmif
ief;awGyg0ifygw,f/ zkef;t0if rsm;cJhw,f}}[k tqdkyg Call Cen- f Gf
w,f / wu,f w rf ; ajz&rS m u usiwiomjzpfrnf[o&onf/ k d qdk&if 'kwd,ajrmufEdkifiHjzpfyg &Gufay;aeaMumif; owif;&&Sdyg
txG u f 0 ef a qmif r I a wG t jyif ter rSwm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajym f h k Ü D
tvkytyfxm;wJurPawGeYJywf aejynfawmfwiwnfaqmufrnfhGf w,f/ yxrqHk;taeeJY jrefrmeJY onf/
tifwmeuf0efaqmifrawGvnf; I Mum;cJhonf/ k D f
oufwmudkt"duajzay;&rSmjzpf Call Center udq;*dr;trDzivpf G hf S G to G vk y f o m;apvT w f r I a wG tvkyform;t&m&Sdrsm;tm;
vkyfaqmifay;&ygw,f/ tar ]]taxG a xG u d p ö & yf a wG u d k ayr,fh wwfEdkiforQvkyfay;wJho oG m ;rnf j zpf N yD ; rEÅ a v;wG i f G f
aqmif&uaewJh ud&;,m;Ediirm k D k f H S jynfy&Sd rdrdEdkifiHqdkif&moH½Hk;rsm;ü
&duefeJY jrefrmjynfqdk&ifaeYeJYn vnf; ar;jref;Muwm&SdNyD; wwf abmygyJ}}[ktqdygwm0ef&ou vnf; Call Center wpfcaqmuf
k dS l k udk&D;,m;a&muf jrefrmawG&JUt xm;&Sdjcif;udk a&TUajymif;vkyfom;
ajymif;jyefjzpfNyD; 'Drmnbufyi;S kd f Edkifoavmuf ajzay;ygw,f/ qufvufajymjycJhonf/ vkyfoGm;rnf[kod&onf/ ö
a&;udptqifrajywmawGaqmif tjzpfoGm;a&mufvkyfudkifrIrsm;
udktGefvdkif;uaeypönf;awG 0,f r,fvrkbk&m;em;u bkef;BuD; vuf&SdwGif Call Center rSm tqdkyg Call Center udk &G u f a y;Ed k i f ? tul t nD a y;Ed k i f onfhEdkifiHrsm;rS rdrdEdkifiHom;t
ay;wmrsKd; 0efaqmifrIay;&wJh ausmif;&JUzkef;eHygwfawmif;wm jynfvrf;üwpfckom&Sdao;NyD; t 2011 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv 17 &uf atmif 2011 ckESpftwGif;u jref vkyform;rsm;\ta&;udpörsm;
yHkpHawGvnf;ygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJhv ajzay;cJh&w,f/ 'gayr,fhtJ'g f HS I
vkytyfErtaetxm;ay:rlwnf aeYwGifpwifzGifhvSpfcJhjcif;jzpf rmvkyfom;t&m&SdwpfOD;udk oH½Hk; aqmif&Gufay;Edkif&ef wGJzufxm;
twGif;rSmawmh rdkbdkif;zkef;awG rsKd;usawmh csufcsif;rajzEdkifbJ í &efukefNrdKUtwGif;xyfrHwdk;csJU aMumif;od&onf/ aersKd;xGef; rSm xm;ay;cJhygw,f/ tck xdkif; &Sdavh&Sd MuaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
owfrwfpnf;urf;csufrsm;azmufzsufonfhrdkbdkif;zkef;rsm;rStyvdkif;ydwfxm;jcif;r&d[kod&
S S t*FgN*dK[fod[f&moDcGiftwGif;&yfwnfumN*dK[fazmufjyefrIjzpfpOf
jrefrmhqufoG,fa&;vkyfief;
k kd f f k J G hf
rS rdbi;zke;Xm;&rf;oH;pGcirsm;ESihf
wmvdUk ajymw,f/ aejynfawmfrm
avQmufvTmjyefwifqdkvdkY 2011
S tzGJUtpnf;awGu w&m;r0ifzkef;
oH;pGvUkd jrefrmhqufo,a&;udvi;
k J G f k kd f
Zefe0g&Dv 25 &ufaehrS {NyDv 14 &ufaehtwGif;jzpfay:rnf
ywf o uf í owf r S w f x m;onf h 'DZifbmv 7 &ufaeYuwnf;u ydwfcdkif;wmrsdK;awGuvGJvdkU vdkif; t*F g N*d K [f o d [ f & moD c G i f
pnf;urf;csufrsm;tm; azmuf wifxm;wm ckxdbmrStaMumif; ydwfwmrsdK;r&Sdygbl;}}[k owif; twGif;&yfwnfum N*dK[fazmuf
zsufonfhrdkbdkif;zkef;rsm;rStyrnf rxl;vdUk xyfom;ar;awmh uReawmf
G f tcsutvufEienf; ynmXmerS
f S hf jyefrIjzpfpOfZefe0g&Dv 25 &uf
onfhzkef;rsdK;rS taMumif;jycsuf wdYk avQmufvmu &efuea&T*wif
T k f kH kd tif*sifeD,mcsKyf OD;aZmfrif;OD;u aeYrS{NyDv 14 &ufaeYtwGif;jzpf
r½SdbJ vdkif;ydwfxm;jcif;rsKd;r½Sd ½Hk;a&mufoGm;NyDajymw,f/ EdkifiH ajymMum;onf/ ay:rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
aMumif; od&onf/ jcm;u0ifwJh zkef;awGu Oversea ]]wu,ftydwfcH&w,fqdk&if tqdkygt*FgN*dK[fod[f&moD
rdbi;zke;oH;pGotcsKdU e,f
k kd f f k J l eHygwfawGeJr0ifbJjynfwGif;zkef; awmh b,fzkef;eHygwfb,ftcsdef cG i f t wG i f ; &yf w nf u m N*d K [f
pyfjzwfausmfoHk;pGJonf[kqdkum eHygwfawG 0950 wdkYvdk eHygwf tydwc&w,fqwmudk a&T*wif
f H kd kH kd azmufjyefrIjzpfpOfonf 32 ESpf
vdkif;ydwfcH&jcif;rsm;BuHKawGYae& awGeJYajymif;0ifvdkY wJh/ tJ'Dvdk u jrefrmhqufoG,fa&;vkyfief; vQifwpfBudrf jzpfay:avh&Sdum
onf[kod&NyD; 4if;vdkif;ydwfcH& 0ifwtwGuf cd;oH;wJoabmrsdK;
hJ k k h rdbi;tif*sife,mcsKyfquvyrl
k kd f D D kd d f 1948 ckESpfwGifwpfBudrf? 1980
onfhzkef;ydkif½Sifrsm;taejzifh rdrd jzpfaewJhtwGuf cdk;oHk;w,fvdkY NyD;avQmufvmwifEiygw,f/pdppf
T kd f jynfhESpfwGif wpfBudrfjzpfay:cJh
wdYkze;tm;rnfonftaMumif;&if;
k f h oHo,0ifwJhzkef;awGudkjzwfwm NyD;jyefcsay;rSmyg/ jrefrmhqufo,f G aMumif; od&onf/ t*FgN*dK[fod[f&moDcGiftwGif;ü jzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
aMumihf vdkif;ydwfcHxm;&jcif;udkrl d D¬
vdYkajymw,f}}[krwvmNrdKUwGif ae a&;taeeJYService ay;aewJhae&m ,if;jzpfpOftm; eu©wfygVd &yfwnfumN*dK[fazmufjyefrIjzpf xdkYtjyifrwfv 4 &ufaeY
aocsmpGmrod&&[ko&onf/
dS d xkdifolwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/ rSmtcuftcJ&Sdatmif ydwwmrsKd; f tac:ta0:jzifP,xH(odYk)As*pm
h d k ¢ ay:rnfhjzpfpOftm;avhvmvdkyg üvnf;t*FgN*dK[onfurÇmESiteD;
f hf
]]uRefawmforD;&JU ig;odef; ]]e,fpyfjzwfausmfoHk;pGJvdkY r½Sdygbl;/ zkef;tMumBuD;ajymvdkY k
usiMhf uHaomjzpfpOf[ac:NyD; ,if; uazazmf0g&Dv 10 &uf? rwfv qHk;qHkrSwfudk a&muf&Sdrnfjzpf
wef*sDtufpftrfzkef;vdkif; ydwfcH vdkif;ydwfwmrsKd; awG uRefawmf ydwwmrsK;vnf;r&Sygbl;/ tcsuf
f d d S G f
umvüt*FgN*dK[frpr;tm;tjynfh 8 &ufaeYESifh{NyDv 4 &ufaeYwdkY onf/ xdYk tjyifrwfv 4 &ufaeYü
xm;&wm ESpfvausmf&SdNyD/ pHkprf; wdkUqDrSmr&Sdygbl;/ bDvfraqmif wpfcsueYJNidpe;w,fa
f G f t0ay;pGrf;Edkifavh&SdaMumif; od& ü v\teD;ta&SUbufrdk;aumif; hf
vnf;t*FgN*dK[fonfurÇmESiteD;
MunfawmhowYkdbufutpydi;u
h l k f &ifydwfr,f/ trsm;jynfolaESmifh rsK;qd&ifywrmyg}}[k rdbi;tif*sif
d k d fS k kd f h
onf/ xdYk aMumifZef0g&Dv25 &uf uif ü t*F g N*d K [f u d k rD ; usD c J qHk;qHkrSwfudk a&muf&Sdrnfjzpf
e,fpyfjzwfausmoo,&SvYkd ydwf
f H d ,SufwmrsKd;? aemuftmPmydkif eD,mcsKyfu ajymMum;cJhonf/ aeYrS{NyDv 14 &ufaeYtwGif; o@mefawmufypGmjrifawGY&rnf aMumif; od&onf/
uGr;f pm;&müxnfpm;aomaq;tcsKaMumifU aemufqufwa&m*gjzpfym;rIrsm;jym;vm
U Yd JG G 2011 ckESpfü pdwfusef;rma&;aq;½Hkodkh
uGr;pm;&mwGif Ekiww;? zd;
f d f D l k vlem 7467 OD;wufa&mufcJU
wDzdkuf ponfhaq;jyif;rsm;xnfh
oGif;pm;oHk;rI rsm;jym;vmaom S f f
2011 ckEptwGi;'*HNk rdKUopf ½l;jyefa&m*geJY rl;,pfaq;pGa0'em J
h G f
aMumifur;pm;jcif;\aemufquf k f d f f
(ta&SUydi;)NrdKUe,fpwuse;rma&; &SifwcsKdUygNyD; trsm;pkuawmh t
wGJa&m*gjzpfyGm;rIvnf; ydkrdkrsm; aq;½HkBuD;odkY twGif;vlemtjzpf f
&ufp?JG pdwus? pdw
jym;vmaMumif; oGm;bufqdkif&m a0'em&Sifaygif; 7467 OD; aq; uvsm;a0'em&SifawGyg/ aq;½Hk
aq;wuúodkvf ar;½dk;ESifYcHwGif; k
0g;wufa&mufuorIc,caMumif; H l hJ l
wufvemawGukd aq;ukoay;wJh
cGpwuXmerS tNidr;pm;ygarmu©
J d f k f owif;&&Sdygonf/ tcgrSmvnf; a&m*gtajctae
XmerSL;OD;udkudkarmifu ajymjycJh pdwfusef;rma&;aq;½HkBuD; f
ay:rlwnfNy;D tenf;qH;k ESpywfawmh
ygonf/ wGif twGif;vlemtjzpfaq;0g; aq;½HkwufNyD;ukoapygw,f}}[k
tvm;wl uGrf;udk uGrf;oD;? wufa&mufukocH,lMurIwGif NyD; f f
pdwuse;rma&;aq;½HBk uD;(&efue) kf
xHk;? aq;&GufwdkYjzifh rd½dk;zvm h S f
cJonfh 2005 ckEpwmumvrSpí dS l D
rSwm0ef&owpfO;u &Si;jyonf/ f
pm;oHk;aeMu&mrS EkdifwDwl;? zdk;wD S f
2011ckEptxd ckepfEpwmumv S f pdwfusef;rma&;aq;½HkBuD;
k f
zduponfaq;jyif;rsm;xnfoi;
h h G f EdIif;,SOfygu 2011 ckESpfüwuf wGif twGif;vlemukoaqmifrsm;
pm;oH;vmrIaMumifcwi;a&m*gjzpf
k hH Gf a&mufcJhonfh vlemta&twGuf tjzpftrsKd;om;aqmifoHk;aqmif?
yGm;rIrsm;onfvnf;,cifuxuf t&G,frSpí jzpfyGm;aerIrsm;&Sd pdrfvdkufwJhtcg uGrf;oD;uyGvm awGwifruygbl;/ tdrfeD;csif; rSmtrsm;qHk;jzpfaeaMumif; od& trsKd;orD;aqmifESpfaqmif? rIcif;
oufwrf;xuf0ufcefYapmí jzpf vmaMumif;oGm;bufqdkif&maq; h G f
w,f/ yGvmwJur;oD;udta&mif k kfH
EdiiawGuaew&m;r0ifvrf;aMumif; onf/ ]]pdwfusef;rma&;aq;½Hkudk aqmifwpfaqmifESifhrl;,pfaq;pGJ
yGm;vmonfuawGU&Svm&aMumif;
kd d wuúodkvf ar;½dk;ESifYcHwGif;cGJpdwf azG;NyD;vSaeatmif"mwkcRwfaq; awGuwpfqifh wifoi;vmMuwJh G f k f S h l
&efuerm&SMd uwJvemawGomru a&m*gukoaqmifwpfaqmifxm;&Sd
od&onf/ ukXmerS tNidrf;pm;ygarmu©Xme wpfrsKd;eJYta&mifcRwfw,f/ NyD; EdkifwDwl;? zdk;wDzdkuf? pwm;Arm e,fa'o toD;oD;updwfaMumifh kd f
umoufqi&ma0'emtvduvem k f l
k l
vlxvwef;pm;ra&G;aps;EIe; f k kd
rSL;OD;uduarmifuajymjycJygonf/ h f
awmha&aq;NyD;aevSe;tajcmufcH aq;? qpf*e,fpwJhaq;jyif;awG hJ
jzpfwa&m*gcHpm;ae&wJa0'em&Sif h rsm;tm;ukoay;vsu&NdS yD;uav;
f
oifwifpmjzifh ae&mtESYHuefYowf
h h G ]]jrefrmh½dk;&mxHk;? uGrf;oD;? w,f / aq;&G u f B uD ; ud k v nf ; udvnf;xnfpm;Muygao;w,f/
k h awGygwufa&mufrI&SdMuygw,f/ oli,fEipwuse;rma&;udyguko
S hf d f f k
csufr&Sd tvG,fwul0,f,lpm; Armaq;awGeYJ pm;aewmr[kwbJ f t&uf? ysm;&nfawGeJYa&mpdrfxm; 'Daq;awG&UJ obm0utvGejf yif; vmwufMuwJh vlemawGxrm 0uf JS ay;aMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
oHk;Edkifjcif;wdkYaMumifh uGrf;pm;oHk; jyKjyifxm;wJhaq;awGeJYpm;oHk;ae NyD;awmh ESyfaq;oabmrsKd;toGif xefygw,f/ b*Fvm;a'h&Sfuae
2005 ckESpfrS2011 ckESpftwGif; ESpftvdkufaq;½Hkwufa&mufcJUonfUvlemta&twGuf
rIEIef;rSmvnf;EdkifiHüjrifhrm;vsuf wmjzpfwJhtwGuf uefYowfcsuf ajymif;xm;w,f/ xHk;udkvnf;a& h G f
0ifwjhJ yKjyifxm;wJur;oD;txkwf
&SdaeNyD; q,fausmfouft&G,frS awGr&SdbJ vG,fvG,f0,fvdkY&ae eJYazsmf? tay:,Ha&MunfawGudk av;awGuaps;uGuxrma&mif;cs
kd f J S ckESpf aq;½Hkwufvlemta&twGuf
pwifíuGr;pm;onftavhtusihf
f h orQumvywfv;uGr;eJYywfouf
kH f oGefypfNyD;tenf;xkdifusefcJhwJhxHk; aewmawGvnf; &Sdygw,f/tJ'g 2005 ckESpf 5645 OD;
&Sdvm&muGrf;pm;jcif;ESifhywfouf kd f k
wJjh yóemawGaemufyi;ydrsm;vm tESpfom;udkrSyspfyspfazsmfxm;wJh awGtm;vH;[mobm0udqefYusif
k k 2006 ckESpf 5860 OD;
í a&m*gjzpfyGm;rItajctaerSm rS m jzpf y gw,f } }[k & ef u k e f w d k i f ; EdkYrIefYawGeJYa&mvdkufw,f/ xHk;udk NyD;jyKjyifxm;wJ"mwkaA'j'yfaygif;
h 2007 ckESpf 6139 OD;
vnf; ,cifu touf 40 0ef; a'oBuD; apwemh0efxrf;rl;,pf pm;wJYtcgrSmEdYkreYfawGygwJtwGuf
I h awGjzpfygw,f/ pm;usihfygoGm; 2008 ckESpf 6122 OD;
usiaemufyi;rSomoGm;zH;uifqm
f kd f k BuD;Muyfa&;rSL;toif;Ouú|OD;pH&ef dS xH;k om;uqdrqrav;jzpfaew,f/
hf d hf J
&ifvnf;pGvrf;apwwfwtmedoif hJ 2009 ckESpf 6060 OD;
jzpfyGm;rIrsm; awGU&Sd&aomfvnf; u qdkygonf/ xHk;uvnf; jyKjyifxm;wJhtwGuf awG&ygw,f}}[k ¤if;uqufvuf
dS 2010 ckESpf 6376 OD;
,cktcgtouf 25 ESpf0ef;usif ]]uGrf;oD;jcrf;awGudk uefYeJY obm0xHk;r[kwfawmhbl;/ 'g ajymjycJhygonf/ at;yy 2011 ckESpf 7467 OD;
pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m axmufyHh ykdYaqmifa&;ESih fjzefY jzL;a&;enf;ynmoifwef;zGifhrnf *a[qufoifwef; tcrJhydkhcsrnf
f
tvkyorm;0efBu;D Xme tvkyf vS p f oif M um;yd k Y c say;rnf j zpf a&;oifwef;ausmif;üzGifhvSpfydkYcs
*syefEkdifiHwGif usifhoHk;ae a&;0efBuD;Xme? &xm;ykYd aqmifa&; aMumif; od&onf/ orm;nT e f M um;a&;OD ; pD ; XmerS aMumif; owif;&&Sdygonf/ ay;rnfjzpfNyD; ynmt&nftcsif;
f
onfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyief;rsm;qdi&m k f k f H
0efBuD;Xme? jrefrmEdiia&aMumif; oifwef;odYkt*FvypmtajccH
df *a[quftcrJhoifwef;udk vm tqdkygoifwef;udk &efuif; ESifhtouftuefYtowfr&Sdoif
hH
axmufyyYdkaqmifa&;ESijhf zefYjzL;a&; ynmwuúokdvfESifh jrefrmEdkifiH D
&SNd y;tajccHynmtxufwef;atmif rnfhZefe0g&Dv 25 &ufaeYüzGifh jreE´mvrf;&Sd uRrf;usifrIavhusifh Mum;ay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
(Logistics and Distibution) kd f f
tjynfjynfqi&mukepnfyYkdaqmif jrifNyD;ol rnfolrqdk wufa&muf
oifwef;twGuf avQmufvTmrsm; I kf
a&;0efaqmifrvyief;&Sirsm;toif;f Edkifum avQmufvTmrsm;ukd Logis-
dS k f
ac:,lvsuf&aMumif; jrefrmEdiiH wdkYyl;aygif;í jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; tic Training Center? jrefrmhqdyf
kd f f
tjynfjynfqi&mukepnfyYdkaqmif Logistics and Distibution pD;yGm; urf;tmPmykdif½Hk;0if;twGif; t
a&;0efaqmifrIvkyfief;&Sifrsm;t a&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd EkdifiHwumESifh aqmif C ? yxrxyfodkY ay;ykdY
oif;rS owif;&&Sdonf/ d
wpfajy;nDzYHG NzdK;wk;wufvmap&ef avQmufxm;EdkifaMumif; od&Sd&yg
k
tqdyg oifwef;ukd ykYdaqmif twGuf &nf&G,fzGifhvSpfjcif;jzpf onf/
vlY pGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf zGHY NzdK;a&;oifwef;rsm; zGifUvSpf
ypdärm½kH ynm'geoifwef; ausmif;wGibmompum;oifwef;?
f oifwef;udk zGifhNyD;ygNyD/ tck
ausmif;wGif bmompum;ESifh pm&if;ukioifwef;ESitoufarG;
d f hf qufvufzGifhvSpfrSmu tywfpOf
vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf zGHUNzdK;a&; 0rf;ausmif;bmom&yfrsm;jzpfonfh (45) jzpfygw,f/ oifwef;wuf
oifwef;rsm; azazmf0g&Dv 11 wDA?D 'DA'jD yKjyifenf;oifwef;rsm;
D csifwJholtaeeJY owfrSwfwJh&uf
&ufaeYwGif pwifzGifhvSpfrnfjzpf tjyif vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;zGHUNzdK;wdk; rwkdifcifausmif;rSm vma&muf
d k
aMumif; ypärm½Hynm'geoifwef; wufa&;oifwef;rsm;udygydYk csay;
k tyfESH&rSmjzpfygw,f}}[k ypdärm½kH
ausmif;rS od&Sd&onf/ vsuf&aMumif;vnf; od&&onf/
dS dS ynm'geausmif;rS wm0efcHq&m
ypädrm½Hkynm'g oifwef; ]]tckqdk&if tywfpOf (44) OD;at;cspfu qdkygonf/
international NEWS 13
½dkar;eD;,m;wGif tpdk;&qefhusifqE´jyrIxyfrHjzpfyGm; rm'g*wfpumor®wa[mif;
½dkar;eD;,m;wGif q,fausmf
oufausmif;om;rsm;tygt0if
jynfawmfjyefrnfUtpDtpOf ratmifjrif
vlaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmonf tpd;& k jzKwfcscHcJh&NyD; jynfyxGuf d´ ´ f
qihf tdE,ork'&mtwGi;rS uRe; f
\NcdK;jcHacRwma&;tpDtpOfrsm;ESihf ajy;wdrf;a&SmifcJh&aom rm'g*wf EkdifiHi,frm'g*wfpumodkYjyefvm
ywfoufíqE´jycJhMuNyD; tpdk;& pumor®wapmif;&mAmvdkrmem; a&; 'kwd,tBudrfBudK;yrf;cJhjcif;
k f G f
wpfzUGJ vH;Ekwxu&ef Zefe0g&Dv em;onf Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeY jzpfonf/
G
19 &ufwif awmif;qdconf/ Ekif
k hJ d wGif EkdifiHodkYav,mOfjzihf jyefvm 2009 ckESpf? rwfvu ppf
D
iHp;yGm;a&;usqif;aeaomaMumifh cJhaomfvnf; avydkifeuftwGif; bufausmaxmufaemufcHjyK tm
EkdifiHwumxHrSacs;aiG&&SdEkdifa&; 0ifa&mufcGihf jiif;y,fcHcJh&jcif; Pmodrf;rIjzihf &mAmvdkrmem;em;
twGuf ½dkar;eD;,m;tpdk;&onf aMumihf vSnhfjyefcJh&aMumif; ajym f H hJ G f
jzKwcscc&NyD;aemuf i,f&,onfh
EdkifiHwGif; toHk;p&dwfavQmhcsa&; cGihf&yk*d¾Kvfu xkwfjyefcJhonf/ tefwmemem&DANkd rdKUawmf0efa[mif;
f k f
twGuvyaqmif&jcif;jzpfonf/ awmiftmz&duwGif aexdkif twkduftcHacgif;aqmiftef'a&
,ckqE´jyrIrSm NrdKUawmfblcg aeol &mAmvdkrmem;em;onf *sKd &m*sKdvDem or®wjzpfvmcJhonf/
&uf w G i f rMumao;rD E S p f r sm; [efempbwfNrdKUavqdyfrS wpf Ref: CNN
twGif; tBuD;rm;qHk;tpkd;&qefY
usifqE´jyrIjzpfcJhonf/ NyD;cJhaom
tdkiftdk0gtBudKa&G;aumufyGJwGif rpf&Grfae rEkdifcJhbJ
oDwif;ywfuvnf; qE´jyrIjzpf
yGm;cJNh yD; tiftm;oH;ESreif;jcif;cHchJ
k d f
qefwdk&rfEdkifcJhaMumif; jyifqiftwnfjyK
&onf/ wuúodkvf&ifjyifokdY qE´ &DywfbvDuefygwD\ tar tBudKxkwfjyefrIwGif rufqmcsK;
blcg&ufpfNrdKY yD,mwm wuúodkvf&ifjyifwGif uefYuGufqE´hjyaeolrsm;
jyolrsm;a&muf&SdpOf vrf;rsm;udk &duefor®wavmif; tBudKa&G; kf f
qufjynfe,ftycsKya&;rSL;a[mif;
ydwfNyD;or®w Traian Basescu udk Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufu qE´ ,if;yrmPxufrsm;jym;onf[k oufwrf;jzifh acs;aiG,l½dk bDvsH aumufyGJrsm;wGif tapmqHk;jzpf rpf&Grfaeu &SpfrJrQ uyfomNyD;
&mxl;rS EkwfxGuf&ef atmf[pf f
jyrItwGi; qE´jyolrsm;onf or® qE´jyrIOD;pD;olrsm;u ajymMum;cJh 20 &,lcJh&onf/ ,if;twGuf t onfh tdkiftdk0ga&G;aumufyGJwGif d f hJ hJ
Ekiconf[k xkwjf yefcaomfvnf;
awmif;qdkcJhonf/ hf f
wESi¤if;\r[mrdwc&D;oGm;vkyf onf/ pdk;&0efxrf;vpmrsm;udk 25 &mckdif yifqDvfaA;eD;,m;jynfe,ftkyf twnfjyKa&wGufrIrsm;tNyD;wGif
S
,if;&ifjyifrm 1989 ckEpu S f ief;ESifha'owGif;zHGUNzdK;a&;0efBuD; 2009 ckESpfwGif ½dkar;eD;,m; EIe;avQmhcscJNh yD; tcGersm;udvnf;
f f k csKyfa&;rSL;a[mif;ESihf txuf qefwdk&rfu 34 rJ tomjzihf
uGefjrLepfqefYusifa&;vlxkawmf Elena Udrea wdkYudk BudK;ay;onfh onf pD;yGm;a&; 7 'or 1 &mckdif wdk;jr§ifhaumufcHcJhojzifh ,cifu vTwfawmftrwf &pfqefwdk&rf tEkdif&aMumif; &DywfbvDuefyg
f hJ
vSea&;ay:aygufc&mae&mjzpfNyD; toGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/ EIef;usqif;cJhojzifh tjynfjynf wnf;u jcpm;rIxlajymaeaom d f h h
tEki&cJaMumif; twnfjyKcJonf wD tdkiftdk0gjynfe,fXmecJGu jyif
'Drdkua&pDpwifrdwfqufay;cJh&m qE´jyol 7000 cefY&onf[kdS qdkif&maiGaMu;&efyHkaiGtzJGU? Oa&m tpkd;&tzJGUudk uefYuGufqE´jycJh [k od&onf/ qifxkwfjyefcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
f kf
wGiordi;0ifae&mwpfcjk zpfconf/ hJ &JwyfzJGUu xkwfjyefcJhaomfvnf; yor*¾? urÇmhbPfwdkYrS ESpfESpf jcif;jzpfonf/ Ref:AP tBudKa&G;aumufyGJ NyD;pu Ref: CNN
Kodak uifr&mukrÜPD a'0gvDcH Apple \ ydkifqdkifrIrSm *&dEdkifiHxufyifrsm;jym;ae
vufudkifuifr&mudk wDxGif ESpf&SdNyDjzpfaom Kodak ukrÜPD \ xdyfwef;ukrÜPD 30 pm&if;rS Apple kd
\pawmhwefz;onf wuf o G m ;cJ h o nf / Apple \ wefzdk;onf *&d? MopBwD;,m;?
cJhaom Eastman Kodak ukrÜPD onf 'D*spfw,facwfwGif tvsif z,fay;cJh&onf/ Zefe0g&D 19 &ufaeYu a':vm G
txufwif Exxon Mobil ukrPD Ü tm*sifwD;em;? awmiftmz&du
onf Zefe0g&D 19 &ufaeYu a' tjrefvur&ef ½ke;uefc&onf/
kd f D f hJ f
Kodak onf 'D*spw,f"mwf H h
400 bDvstxdjrifwufc&murÇmh
hJ ua':vm 420 bDvsjH zifh &yfwnf EdiiwYkd \ *sD'bxufyif rsm;jym;
k f H D D
0gvDcH&ef avQmufxm;cJhonf/ ]]Kodak u zvifa&mif;NyD; H
ykynmudk rlvwDxiowpfO;jzpf
G f l D wefzdk;tjrifhqkH;enf;ynmukrÜPD aeNyD; yufx½dkcsKdif;em; ukrÜPDu aeonf/
orm;½dk;usuifr&mvkyfief;wGif d hJ
0ifaiGawG&&Scygw,f/ 'D*spfw,f aomfvnf;aps;uGuwif jzpfxe;
f G G f jzpfcJhNyD;aom ukrÜPDtwGufpHcsdef a':vm 270 bDvsHjzifh Apple \ Apple onf vGefcJhaom 10
a&SUaqmifurPjD zpfcaom Kodak
kÜ hJ uifr&macwfrSm b,folrSzvif rIrsm;udk tvsifrDatmifrvdkufEdkif wifjrifhwufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ aemufwGif &yfwnfaeonf/ xdk pkESpfwpfcku a':vm 10 bDvsH
onf NydKifbufrsm;\ 'D*spfw,f r0,fawmhygbl;/ 'Dvjkd zpfvmr,f cJhaomaMumifh zl*sDtygt0if NydKif Apple \&S,f,mwefzdk;rsm; aemufwGif rdkufc½dkaqmhzfu a': cefYom aps;uGufwefzdk;&SdcJhNyD; tHh
uifr&macwfu;ajymif;rIwif 15
l G d
qkwmudk olwYkdBudKjrifcyr&ygbl}}
hJ Hk kÜ D
bufurPrsm;u aps;uGua0pkzhJ f onf Zefe0g&D 19 &ufaeYwGif vm 235 bDvsHjzifh uyfvsuf&yf MozG,atmifjrifrukd &&Sxm;onfh
f I d
ES p f M umtxd e mcJ h & NyD ; aemuf [k enf;ynm0ufbquf ZDNet f kd ay;cJh&onf/ 431 'or 37 a':vmtxdjrifh wnfaeonf/ Apple \aps;uGuf ukrÜPDwpfckjzpfonf/ Ref: CNN
a'0gvDcH&jcif;jzpfonf/ Kodak rS t,f'Dwm0kvfbwf*Gwf0if;u Ü D h df
Kodak ukrPukd a*smtpref;
onf uif r &mrsm; xk w f v k y f
awmhrnfr[kwfbJ y&ifwmrsm;
ajymMum;cJhonf/
Kodak onf NyD;cJhonfh 10
u 1892 ckESpfwGif w&m;0if
wnfaxmifcJhNyD; urÇmhyxrqkH;
yem;rm;wl;ajrmif; wdk;csJY rIpDrHudef;wGif vkyfcwkd;&&ef tvkyform;rsm;qE´jy
xkwfvkyfjcif;udk tm½kHpdkufvkyf pkESpftwGif; &S,f,mrsm;usqif; vufudkifuifr&mudk wDxGifcJh yem;rm;wl;ajrmif;wGif oabFm wpfem&DvQif 3 'or 52 a':vm vHkjcHKrIr&Sdonfhae&mwGifvkyfudkif
aqmifaeonf/ oufwrff; 113 cJhNyD; 2004 ckESpfwGif tar&duef onf/ Ref: AFP BuD;rsm; oGm;vmEdkif&eftwGuf rS 7 a':vmxd wdk;awmif;cJh ae&aMumif;udkvnf; ajymMum;cJh
a':vm 5 'or 425 bDvsH ukef f
aMumif; tvkyorm;acgif;aqmif onf/
usrnfhwl;ajrmif;csJUxGifrIpDrHudef; Rolan-do Gonzalez u ajymMum; qE´ j yrI r sm;onf t csd e f
wGif vkyftm;cjrifhrm;pGm &&Sd&ef cJhonf/ tuefYtowfr&Sdqufvufjzpf
twGuf tvkyform; 6000 cefY k f H k G k f
EdiirsKd ;pHwif tajcpduaom yGm; rnfjzpfaMumif; Gonzalez u
u qE´jycJhMuonf/ aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;pk Grupo ajymMum;cJhonf/ukrÜPD\ vpm
tvkyform;rsm;onf tajc Unidos por el Canal &Sd tvkyf ay; pepfajymif;vJcsdefwGif tcsuf
cHvpmudk wpfem&DvQif 2 'or orm;rsm;u rdrdwdkYukrÜPDonf f hJ
tvufrsm;rSm;,Gi;rIjzpfcaMumif;
9 a':vm&&Sd&mrS 4 'or 9 d f kd
tcseyaMu;tcsKd UESihf tm;vyf&uf tqdkygukrÜPD\ owif;pm&Sif;
txd wdk;jr§ifh&,lvdkaMumif;ESifh d
ay;rIr&SaMumif; ajymMum;cJonf/h vif;yGJwpfckwGif xkwfjyefcJhonf/
uRrf;usifvkyfom;trsm;pkonf rdrdwdkYonf vkyfief;cGif ab;uif; Ref:AFP
ZifbmabGor®wESifh pD;yGm;a&;qufqHrI&Sdaom tar&duef\trnfysufpm&if;0if
olwpfOD;tm; 0efBuD;tjzpfcefYtyfch jJ cif;tay: xdkfif;tpdk;&umuG,fajymMum;
ZifbmabGor®w rl*gbDESifh emvifeD;wm0D;qifonf 2008 udk,fpm;b@ma&;? tdrfjcHajrESifh
pD;yGm;a&;qufqHrI&Sdonf[k pGyfpGJ S f k
ckEpu rl*gbDtpd;&udk b@ma&; ausmufrsuf&wema&mif;0,fa&;
cHxm;&aomaMumifh tar&duefu ESifhaxmufyHhypönf;rsm; yhHydk;ay;cJh f k l D
vkyief;rsm;udunaqmif&uay; G f
f G
trnfysupm&if;xJwif xnfoi; h Gf onfqdkonfhpGyfpGJcsufrsm;aMumifh cJhonf[k tar&duefb@ma&;
cH&aomoludk uufbdeuf0efBuD; k f kd f I
tar&duefu olr\ydiqirrsm; Xmeu 2008 ckESpfu xkwfjyefcJh
wpfOD;tjzpf cefYtyfrIudk xdkif;0ef udk xdef;csKyfxm;onf/ D d
onf/ emvDe;u rl*gbDrom;pkukd
BuD;csKyf,ifvyfcfu Zefe0g&Dv emvDeD;udk cefYtyfjcif;onf oduRrf;cJhzl;aomfvnf; ¤if;wdkYESifh
f
19 &ufaeYu umuG,ajymMum;cJh tajccHOya'ESifhtnDjyKvkyfjcif; H I d
pD;yGm;a&;qufqrr&SaMumif; bef
onf/ f
omjzpfaMumif;,ifvyfcuowif; f
aumufyYkdpowif;pmodYk ajymMum;
,ckoDwif;ywfwGif 0efBuD; axmufrsm;udk ajymMum;cJhonf/ cJhonf/
Hk H
csKyf½;0efBuD;tjzpfcefYtyfc&aom emvDeD;onfrl*gbD\ZeD; *a&Upf Ref:AFP
tifwmeufvGwfvyfcGifUudk xdyg;apEdkifaom tGefvdkif;rlydkifcGifUcsKd;azmufrIrsm;udk tjyif;txefwm;jrpfrnfU Oya'Murf;
0dkif;0ef;uefhuGufrIrsm;ESifUMuHKawGYcJU&tNyD;wGif tar&duefvTwfawmfwGif twnfjyKEkdifacsenf;yg;oGm;cJU
tGefvkdif;rlydkifcGihfcsKd;azmufrI onf/
rsm;udk tjyif;txef wm;jrpf&ef txufvTwfawmfwGif ,if;
&nf&G,fxm;aom Oya'Murf;udk k
Oya'Murf;udaemuftywfü quf
tar&duefvTwfawmfwGif wifjy aqG;aEG;rnfjzpfaomfvnf;atmuf
&efpDpOfxm;aomfvnf; tifwm f G f
vTwawmfwirl oabmwlnr&&Sd D I
G f G fh kd d
eufvwvyfciuxyg;apEkiaom df Ekdifonhftaetxm;wGifr&dSawmh
f kd f f kH f
aMumifh tGevi;pG,pusr; 0Duy; D D aMumif; atmufvTwfawmf Ouú|
'D;,m;? tifwmeuftcsutvuf f &DywfbvDueftrwf*Refbdkemu
&SmazGa&;ESihf 0efaqmifrIvkyfief; xkwfjyefcJhonf/
*l;*JvfwdkYu OD;aqmifNyD; 0ufbf tdrfjzLawmfajymcGihf&yk*¾dKvf
qdkuf&maygif;rsm;pGmu uefYuGuf a*s;umeDuvnf; tGefvdkif;rSrlydkif
cJhMuNyD;aemuf twnfjyKEkdifajc cGihfcsKd;azmufrIrsm;onf udkifwG,f
enf;yg;oGm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/ ajz&Sif;&rnfhudpöjzpfaomfvnf;
,if;Oya'aMumihf tar&duef tifwmeuf\vGwvyfrurxdyg; f I kd
tmPmydkifrsm;u jynfyrS 0ufbf aponhfenf;vrf;jzihfom oGm;&
qdkufrsm;tygt0if 0ufbfqkduf rnfjzpfaMumif;xkwfjyefcJhonf/
k
tm;vH;udk tppftaq;r&Sd ydwypf f tufOya' (Sopa) txufvTwf udk jyefvnf½kwfodrf;cJhMuonf/ *l;*JvfyifrpmrsufESmwGif trnf tqdkjyKol &DywfbvDueftxuf k G f
,if;Oya'Murf;uduefYuuaMumif;
Edkifonhftaetxm;a&mufoGm; awmfwGif tdkifyDumuG,fa&;tuf D D
0Duy;'D;,m; 0ufbquuf dk f pmvHk;udk trnf;a&mifjzihftkyfum vTwfawmftrwf rmudk½lAD,dku S f d
vufrwa&;xk;wifjyrIwivnf; G f
EkdifaomaMumihf 0dkif;0ef;uefYuGuf Oya'(Pipa)trnfwYdkjzihwifoi;
f G f uefYuGufonhftaejzihf t*Fvdyf ]]uGef*&ufudkajymMuyg? uGef&uf HIkf df d
oltaejzihf axmufcr½yor;vkuf vufrSwfxdk;ol wpfodef;ausmf&Sd
rIudkMuHKcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/ &ef BudK;yrf;cJh&mwGif yg0ifcJhMu bmomjzihf wifaomtydkif;udk udk qifqmrvkyfygeJY}}[kazmfjycJh NyD j zpf a Mumif ; aMunmcJ h o vk d aMumif; tdrfjzLawmfu xkwfjyef
atmufvTwfawmfwGif tGef f
aom vTwawmftrwftcsKdUuyif wpf&ufwdwd ydwfxm;cJhonf/ onf/ tjcm;trwfrsm;uvnf;raxmuf cJhonf/
vdkif;rlydkifcGihf csKd;azmufrIqkdif&m vQif Oya'Murf;tay:axmufcHrI *l;*Jvfuvnf; tar&duef Pipa Oya'Murf;udk yl;wGJ cHaMumif;toD;oD;xkwfjyefcJhMu Ref: AFP,Daily Mail
yifv,fa&arSmfZD0avmifpmonf a&eHESifUausmufrD;aoG;ae&mtpm;xdk;EkdifzG,f&Sdae h
omrefxuf tq 30 BuD;onf u
yifv,fa&arSmf\ oMum;
kd G f
"mwfupr;tiftjzpfajymif;vJ Ekif d
ynm&Sifrsm;u xkwfjyefaMunm
cJhonf/
aomaMumihf ½ky
ae&mwGif tpm;xd;Eki&ef ukeus
k d f f
,m;tajcpdkuf ZD0Adokum"mwfcGJ
cef;u jyKvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ *drf;cvkwfudk tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm; wDxGifcJh
onhf vQdKY0Sufcsufudk awGY&SdNyDjzpf rsKd ; AD Z jyif q if z ef w D ; xm; f
p&dwt&,SONf ydKifvmEkiawmhrnfd f tjcm;tPkZD0ydk;rsm;ESihfrwlonf
aomaMumihf yifv,fa&arSmfZD0 onhf tPkZ0ydk;wpfrsKd; u yif jzpfaMumif;tar&duefodyÜH*sme,f rSm ,if;bufwD;&D;,m;onf yif
S fh
avmifpmonf a&eHEiausmuf rD; f
v,fa&arSmtndK\ oMum;"mwf Science wGif azmfjyxm;aom ppf v,fa&arSmf\ t,fvf*sDedwf[k
aoG ; ae&mud k tpm;xd k ; Ed k i f & ef trsm;pkudk acszsufjzpfwnfoHo wrf;u azmfjyonf/ ac:aom t"duoMum;"mwfzGJY
tvm;tvmtajrmuftrsm;&Svm d &mt& 0g;rsKd;NyD; tDoaemtjzpf E. Coli bufw;&D;,m; wpf
D kd S f k
pnf;rIut"duypfrwxm;Edijf cif;
NyDjzpfaMumif; pGrf;tifokawoe f f
xkway;onhenf;udk awGY&cNhJ yDjzpf dS rsKd;udk rsKd;ADZjyifrIudk umvDzdk;eD; jzpfonf[kod&onf/ Ref: AFP
puúefhxyfwdk;rIpepfudk y,fzs,fa&;n§dEdIif;rIratmifjrif
urÇmvnfywfrIt& trSefwu,f&SdonhftcsdefESihf em&Drsm;wGifjyoonhf tcsdefudkufnDapa&; tcgtm;
avsmfpGm em&DwGif wpuúefYaygif;xnhfonfhpepfudk y,fzsufa&; qGpfZmvefEkdifiH*seDAmNrdKYwGif ynm&Sifrsm;
n§dEdIif;cJhMuaomfvnf; atmifjrifrIr&cJhaMumif;od&onf/ f
omrefxuf *dr;cvkwf wpf e,fomvef&Sd Delft enf;
tjynfjynfqkdif&mquf oG,fa&;or*¾u tESpf 40 Mum jrifhNyDjzpfonfh ,if;puúefYxyfaygif;pepfudk ck xuftq 30 BuD;onfhurÇmh kd f S
ynmwuúovrausmif;om; oH; k
y,fzsu&Efoihf roihaqG;aEG;rItm; qufvufavhvm&ef&ao;aomaMumih[qum a&TYqi;&efq;jzwfcjhJ cif;
f f dS f k dk kd f kH k D kd d f f
tBuD;qH; AD',*r;cvkwukd vef OD;yg0ifonfh tzGJUu Guiness
jzpfonf/ vdktyfovdkwpfpuúefYpDxyfaygif;onfhpepft& tESpf 40 twGif; 24 puúefYxyfaygif;ay;cJhNyDjzpf 'ef&Sd vDAmyl;vf St Station wGif World Records 2012 Gamer's
onf/ ,if;pepfonf tcsdereapa&;taxmuftuljyKaomfvnf; urÇmwpf0ef;&Sd csdwqufo;&aom uGeysL
f S f f kH f jyocJhonf/ tqdkyg*drf;cvkwf Edition wGif jyo&eftwGuf wD
wmrsm;&Sd em&Drsm;udk wpuúefYvdkufa&TYay;&jcif;aMumihf tcuftcJESihftrSm;t,Gif;rsm; jzpfay:avh&Sdonf/ f S f
onf*if;eufprwwrf;\ Gamer xGifcJh jcif;jzpfonf/
tar&duef? jyifopf? *syefwkdYu OD;aqmifNyD; ,if;pepfudk z,f&Sm;&efawmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ Ref: AFP u@opfwGifxl;jcm;aomypönf; f
]]uReawmfwYkd BudK;pm;yrf;pm;
wpfcktjzpf yGJxkwfjyocJhonf/ G f hJ I k f
wDxicrwpfcyg/ *dr;eJYywfouf
f dS k
iSuzsm;aq;twkrsm;aMumifU vloef;aygi;f rsm;pGmtwGuf tEå&m,f&vmEdif k f
eifwef;'d;*dr;\ NES( Nin-
tendo Entertainment System)
NyD;uReawmfwYkdt½l;trl;udk pGvef;
f
Muygw,f}}[k tqdkygtzGJUxJrS
J
iS u f z sm;aq;twk r sm;ES i f h okawoetzGUJ u ¤if;wdYk\okaw rsm;udka&mif;cscJhaMumif; awGY&dScJh d f
onf/ awGU&Scsut& 2009 ckEpf S cvkwyptwdi; t&G,tpm;BuD;
f kH H k f f f f
touf 23 ESpt&G,&dS NAdwetif d f
tqifhtwef;rrDaom iSufzsm; oeawGU&Sdcsuf rSwfwrf;rsm;t& onf/ aq;twkrsm;wGif rlrrSef wGif vlaygif; 450000 cefYaq;0g; NyD; wDxGifcJhonfh tqdkyg cvkwf fD
*sie,mausmif;om; Ben Allen u
f kd
aq;rsm;aMumifh ab;xGuq;usdK; azmfjycJhonf/ aom tjcm;aq;0g;rsm; a&mpyf twkrsm;aMumifaoqH;cJ&aMumif;
h k h onf tvsm; 12 ay? teH 5 ay ajymMum;cJhonf/
rsm;ESifh aq;,Ofyg;rIjzpfvmEdkif ,if;okawoetzGJU\awGU yg0ifaeNyD; tpydkif;wGif a&m*g od&onf/ iSufzsm;a&m*gaMumifh 3 vufr? tjrifh 1 ay 8 vufr&Sd *drf;cvkwf\ t&G,ftpm;
onfhtajctaersm; MuHKawGUvm &Sdcsuft& 2002 ckESpfrS 2010 ck vu©Pmrsm;ukd oufomapEdkif f l S f d f
urÇmay:wGif ESppOfv&poe;0ef; NyD; tav;csdef 265 aygifcefY&Sd aMumifh tqdkygcvkwfudk ESdyf&ef
Edkifojzifh vloef;aygif;rsm;pGm\ ESpftwGif;wGiftmz&duEdkifiH 11 aomfvnf; trSefwu,fukorI usifaoqHk;aeNyD;uav;rsm;ESihf onf/ tqdkyg cvkwfudk zefwD; f f
(odYkr[kw) cke&eftwGuf vlEpO; S f D
touftEÅ&m,ftwGuf pdk;&drf& EdkifiHwGifiSufzsm;aq;twkrsm;ESifh ray;EdkifbJ ab;xGufqdk;usKd;BuD; udk,f0efaqmiftrsm;pkjzpfonf/ d
&eftwGuf tcsef ig;vMumjrifNh yD; xufrenf;vdktyfrnfjzpfonf/
f
aMumif; atmufpzYkdwuúovaq; kd f t&nftaoG;rrDaomiSuzsm;aq;
f rm;pGmjzpfay:apEdkifaMumif; od& Ref: AFP aygif 4000 ukefuscJhonf/ Ref:Daily Mail
international News 16
ql'efwGif iwfrGwfrIab;qdkufuyfrnfUtvm;tvmESifU MuHKawGYae&aMumif; tar&duefudk,fpm;vS,fowday;
ql ' ef & S d y #d y u© j zpf y G m ;&m awmifql'efonf ajrmufql
a'otwGif;odkU tjynfjynfqdkif 'efxHrS 2011 ckESpf? ZlvdkifvwGif
&m vlom;csif; pmemaxmufxm; vGwfvyfa&;&SdcJhNyD;aemuf a&eH
onfhtzGJUrsm;udk 0ifa&mufcGifh xGuf&Sd&m Kordofan? Blue Nile
rjyKygu ta&;ay:tajc ESifh BuHK ?Unity State ESifh Edkif;jrpftxuf
awG U aeonf h e,f p yf a 'o&S d ydkif;e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif wdkufyGJ
vloef;wpf0ufe;yg;onf rwfv D rsm;qufvufjzpfyGm;aejcif;jzpf
wGif iwfrGwfrIab;qdkufuyfrI f kd f
onf/ra&rwGuEiaom touf
ESifhBuHKawGU&EdkifaMumif; ql'ef aygif;rsm;pGmqufvuf qHk;½IH;ae
k f
qdi&m tar&dueftxl; ud,pm; k f NyD; ESpfzufpvHk;u a&eHrS&aom
vS,f y&ifpwefvDref; u owd 0ifaiGtwGuftjiif;yGm;aeovdk
ay;cJhonf/ awmifql'efwGifvnf; rsKd;EG,fpk
S I l kH
]]ql'efrm vlrzva&;qki&m d f rsm;tMum;wdkufyGJrsm; qufvuf
uyf a b;jzpf a y:aeygw,f } }[k jzpfyGm;aeonf/
vD r ef ; u owd a y;ajymMum; awmiftmz&duqdkif&m ql
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 'ef oHtrwf tvD,qwt,fvf l G f
ql'efEdkifiH 'gzm&Sd 'ku©onf pcef;wpfckwGifaexkdifaom uav;i,fwpfOD;ukd awGY&pOf
urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mtpDtpOf &Sm&pfzfuvnf; ql'ef\ tajc
D f hJ
ESihf ,lequfzuoUkd aomtzGUJ rsm; e,fpyfa'otwGif;odkY 0ifcGifhjyK& onf / tqd k y ga'otwG i f ; od k Y tzGJU rsm;twGuf tvGeftEÅ&m,f xkwf jyefajymMum;cJhonf/ kd
taeonfqrmvD,mxufq;ae kd
udk ql'ef Kordofan ESihf Blue Nile rnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;u ajymMum;cJh G
oGm; a&mufcijhf yKjcif;onf NGOs rsm;aMumif; ql'eftpdk;&tzGJUu ql'efESifh awmifql'efwGif h
aMumif;ajymMum;cJonf/Ref:CNN
EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform;rsm;twGuf tD&efEsLpDrHudef;onf ppfa&;twGuf &nf&G,fjcif;&Sd? r&Sd tdkifattD;atoGm;a&mufppfaq;rnf
aexdkifrIoufwrf;udk xdkif0rfu wdk;ay;rnf &efEsLpDru;eyG;f monf jfppfaa&;twGuf vnf; ;yl;aygifOuú| ,l&uD,pvdk onf ,ifkdr;nfEsLodyÜHyhtnm &Sixkf \f jcHKa&;rsm;wdk;jr§wfhcftsxm;ay;&ef u
tjiif ;zG, zpf eaom tD
H d aMumif
;aqmif Gufa
mt trnfu onf cgrS w &efor®wrmrG rm'DeD*suf
IAEA
i tD
k f f f kd
xdi0rfuRe;\ oufBuD;&G,trsm;jym;vmjcif;aMumifh tvkyorm; f &nf&G,fjcif;&Sd? r&Sdudk tjynfjynf rmEdku NAdwdefowif;pm Finan- azmfoHk;EIef;cJhjcif;yifr&Sdovdk od nTefMum;xm;onf/
k h h k f
vdtyfcsujf rifwufvmjcif;udk jznfqnf;&eftwGuf EdiijH cm;om;tvkyf qdkif&mtPkjrLpGrf;tifat*sifpD cial Times \*smrefbmomjzihf vnf;od&SdcJhjcif;r&SdaMumif; trm tD&efonf NyD;cJaomoDwif;
h
k f G hf k
orm;rsm;udk aexdicioufwrf;tm;wd;ay;rnfjzpfaMumif; wm0ef&ol dS (IAEA) rS tBuD;wef; udk,fpm; f J
xkwa0onhf owif;pmcGoYkd ajym EkduajymMum;cJhonf/ ywfrsm;u ,la&eD,rfoefYpifpuf
rsm;u Zefe0g&D 20 &ufaeYwGif ajymMum;cJhonf/ vS,ftzJGU onf Zefe0g&D 29- Mum;cJhonf/ tD & ef o nf tar&d u ef O D ; k hf
½Hopfukd xkwjf yefjcif;ESitwl az
k f
EdiijH cm;rStrtulvma&muf vkyfudkifolrsm;udk 9 ESpfrS 12 ESpf
d f 31&ufwGif oGm;a&mufppfaq; G
Zefe0g&Dv 11 &ufwif um; f
aqmifaom pD;yGm;a&;ydwqYkdta&; azmf0g&DvwGif a[mfrkZfa&vuf
txd oufwrf;wdk;ay;rnfh Oya'rlMurf;wpf&yfudk xdkif0rfygvDref u rnfjzpfaMumif; Zefe0g&Dv 19 AHk;azmufcJGcH&rIü tD&efEsLodyÜH ,lrIMuHKawGUae&csdefwGif EsLodyÜH Mum;ü a&wyfppfa&;avhusifhrI
Zefe0g&D 19 &ufaeYwGif twnfjyKcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ xdkif0rfwGif 2011 &uf xkwfjyefcJhonf/ ynm&SiaoqH;rIupaemuf uG,f
f k d ö ynm&SiftowfcH&rI? olvQKdrIp kf k
xyfrjH yKvy&efaMunmjcif;wdYaMumifh
ckESpftukefü EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform; 425660 OD;txd&SdcJhaMumif; H d f
tD&efEsLpDrue;onf ppfa&; wG i f (IAEA) vnf ; yg0if a e ö
aom udprsm;vnf; MuHKawGUae& taemufEkdifiHrsm;twGuf pkd;&drfrI
tvkyform;a&;&maumifpDuqdkonf/ xdktxJrS 200000 cefYonf twGuf &nf&G,fjcif;&Sd? r&Sd oGm; aMumif; wD[D&ef\pGyfpJGcsuf ukd onf/ EsLodyÜHynm&SifvkyfMuHcH& jrifhwufapcJhonf/
ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHrsm;rSjzpfNyD; trsm;pkrSm tif'dkeD;&Sm;? zdvpfydkifESifh a&mufppfaq;rnfjzpfNyD; tD&efu trmEdku y,fcscJhonf/ IAEA tNyD; ,if;ynm&SifwdkYtwGuf vHk Ref:AFP
AD,uferfwdkYrSjzpfonf/ Ref: AFP
tD*spfor®wa[mif;rlbm&uf MuufiSufwkyfauG;a&m*gaMumifh AD,uferftrsKd;om;wpfOD;ESih f ua
MuufiSufwkyfauG; ul;puf v,form;wpfOD;jzpfNyD; ¤if;\ ajymMum;cJhonf/ Muuf i S u f w k y f a uG ; a&m*g
uifqma&m*gtwGuf "mwfuif&rnfr[kwf cH&rIaMumifh AD,uferfEdkifiH wGif bJrsm;rSwpfqihf a&m*gul;pufcH uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiHrS aoqHk; aMumifh 2003 ckESpfrSpwifum
Zefe0g&Dv 11 &ufaeYu trsKd; &jcif;[kwfr[kwfudk ynm&Sifrsm; oGm;aomuav;i,frSm uarÇm'D; urÇmwpf0ef;vHk;wGif vlaygif;
om;wpfOD;aoqHk;cJhNyD; uarÇm'D; u pHkprf;ppfaq;aeMuonf/ ,m;EdkifiH taemufajrmufydkif;&Sd 340 ausmfaoqHk;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/
,m;wGifvnf; Zefe0g&Dv 18 AD,uferfwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u befaw;rif;acs;jynfe,frSjzpfNyD; ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHrsm;xJwGif
f S f
&ufaeYu ESpEpom;uav;i,f rl ta&;ay: tajctaetjzpf a&m*gjzpfaeaomMuufiSufwpf AD,uferfonf aoqHk;rI trsm;
wpfOD; aoqHk;oGm;cJhonf/ aMunm&efrvdk tyfao;aMumif; S hf d
aumifaumifEixawGUrd&mrSa&m*g k d f S f
qH;EkiijH zpfNyD; 2003 ckEprS pwif
kd f H
AD,uferfEiirS aoqH;oGm; k hf kd f
ESiawmifyi; jynfe,frsm;&Sd tajc ul;pufcH&jcif;jzpfzG,f&Sdonf[k umvlaygif; 59 OD;aoqHk;cJhNyD;
ol trsKd;om;rSmawmifydkif;rJacgif taeudk pHkprf;&ef usef;rma&; urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU(WHO) u uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiHwGifrl 17 OD;
jrpf 0 S r f ; a'orS bJ a rG ; jrLaom f
tzGUJ rsm;apvTwxm;NyD;jzpfaMumif; xkwfjyefonf/ aoqHk;cJhonf/ Ref;AFP
,Drifor®wonf t,fvfau;'g;rsm;udk &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sd 0ifa&mufcGifUjyKxm;aMumif;twdkuftcHnGefhaygif; pGyfpJG
,Drifor®wtvDtAÁ'lvm Mum;cJhonf/ emta&SUawmifydkif;rS 107 rdkift tpdk;&qefYusifol axmif
f
qmvuf[\rdom;pkonf buf vHkjcHKa&;wm0ef,lxm;aom uGmwGif wnf&SdNyD; tpdk;&u vHkjcHK aygif;rsm;pGmu Zefe0g&Dv 18
oD,mjynfe,f&Sd &uf'gNrdKUokdY Sf
or®w\ awmfvea&;tapmifwyf h a&;wm0efrsm;r,lonfrm ajcmuf S G
&ufwif qmvuf[\wlEihf om;f S
f
t,fvau;'g;rsm; 0ifa&mufrukd I rsm;u jyefvnfwdkufcdkufjcif;rjyK f
&ufausmvmNyDjzpfaMumif; a'ocH rsm;onf NrdKUudk t,fvfau;'g;
G f dS
&nf&,csuf&&dS cGijhf yKcJNh yD; rwnf bJ tb,faMumifh ½kww&ufqwf f k rsm;u ajymMum;cJhonf/ ,if;NrdKU wdkYxHa&mif;pm;NyD; EkdifiHrwnfNidrf
NidrfrIrsm;jzpfay:ap&ef vkyfaqmif cGmoGm;oenf;[k &uf'gNrdKUrS vl &Sd vlrsKd;pkacgif;aqmifrsm;u ppf jzpfatmif BudK;yrf;aeaMumif;?
tD*spfor®wa[mif; rlbm f
pmt,fvtm[&rfoYkd ajymMum;cJh h k
cJaMumif;tBuD;qH;twdutcHneYfk f G rsKd;pkacgif;aqmiftAÁ'vmt,fvf l aoG;
tmPmcsKyuiEia&;twGuf wpf
&ufonf uifqma&m*gtwGuf onf/ aygif;u tjypfwifcJhonf/ bm&ufuDu ajymMum;cJhonf/ xGucmoGm;apa&; ndEi;aqG;aEG;
f G § Id f dfH k f D
Ekiiv;Hk udzsuq;&efMuHaeaMumif;
"mwfuif&rnfr[kwfaomfvnf; w&m;cGifjyefvnfppfaq;rI h f
,if;uJoYdk rwnfNidrrjI zpfym;G d f
&uf'gNrdKUrSm EkiiNH rdKUawmfqm aeaMumif; od&onf/ qE´jycJhonf/ Ref:CNN
rIrSmvnf; tuefYtowf&Sdae av,mOfjzifhvma&mufjyD; rlbm aESmifhaES;apatmifjyKvkyfum tm
aMumif; Zefe0g&Dv 18 &ufaeYu &ufonf wGef;vSnf;jzifhw&m;½kH; T ö
PmvJay;a&;udptxrajrmufap
k G
tifwmAsL;wpfcwif rlbm&uf\ xJodkY 0ifa&mufum trlqdkifNyD; &ef tMuHtpnfjzifhvkyfaqmifcJh
q&m0efuajymMum;cJhonf/ H
aemufq&m0ef\ok;oyfcsuxuf f G aMumif; Joint Meeting Parties
]]olUrSm 'Da&m*g(uifqm)r ay:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ (JMP) u pGyfpJGcJhonf/
&Sdbl;qdkwm aocsmatmifckxdppf ESvkH;a&m*gtwGuf ukorIcH t,fvfau;'g;ppfaoG;
aq; prf;oyfrIawG jyKvkyfaeyg ,lae&aom rlbm&ufonf vGechJ f rsm;onf&uf'gNrdKUodYk aoewfwpf
w,f/ cktcsdefxdawmh olYrSmtJ'D onfhESpf Mo*kwfv 3 &ufaeYu csufrazmuf&bJ xdef;csKyfEkdifcJhNyD
d kd
a&m*g&Saew,fqwm &mEIe;jynfhf pwif w&m;cGifppfaq;uwnf; jzpfaMumif;? ,if;NrKd UwGif qmvuf[f
raocsmao;ygbl;/ aemufjyD;bm u wpfBudrfomxdkifvsuf tppfcH \tBuD;qHk;om;tmruf\ wyf
k Hk
"mwkux;rSvnf; rvky&ao;yg f k f H d f
EdicNhJ yD; tjrJwrf;yif aq;½kty&m rsm;u vHkjcHKa&;wm0ef,lxm;
bl;}}[k uifqmtxl;uk,mqm ay:rSom tppfcHcJhonf/ aMumif;vlrsKd;pkacgif;aqmiftrsm;
tufb'vau'gu tpd;&owif;
fJ f k Ref:AFP tjym;u pDtifeftifefodkY ajym a&ESifUavmifpm tcuftcJMuHKaeaom ,DrifEdkifiH? qmemNrdKY&Sd rdef;uav;ESpfOD; trsm;oHk;a&bHkbdkifrS a&o,fvmpOf pum;&yfajymaeMupOf
regional NEWS 18
tmPmodr;f &efMupnfruazmfxwEicaMumif; b*Fvm;a'h&ppfwyfajymMum;
H I kd k f kd f UJ fS tzrf;cH&EdkifaomaMumifh EkdifiHokdY jyefvmrnfh ta&;
0efBuD;csKyf&wc[mqDem\tpd;&tm; jzKwfcsrnfh ppfbuftmPm
dS f f k
odrf;&efMuHpnfrIwpfckudk azmfxkwfEdkifcJhaMumif; b*Fvm;a'h&Sfppfwyfu
rl&Sm,ufzf jyefvnfpOf;pm;
Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeYwGif xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ ygupöwefor®wa&G;aumuf stan Muslim League(APLM) yg
bmoma&;tpGef;a&muft,ltqrsm;&Sdaom vuf&Sdwm0efxrf; yJG,SOfNydKif&eftwGuf Zefe0g&Dv wDrS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u owday;cJh
d hf f
aqmifqJ ppfbuft&m&Srsm;ESitNidr;pm;ppfbuft&m&Srsm; yg0ifonfh d 27 ESihf 30 &uftMum; jyefvm&ef onf/
f k k k
tkypwpfcu tqdygtpDtpOfujkd yKvkyjf cif;jzpfaMumif; AdvrL;csKyfr[m k f S kd &nf&G,fxm;aom or®wa[mif; jynfywGif oHk;ESpfausmfMum
rufrmqGwf&mZufu ajymMum;cJhonf/ ygAufrl&Sm,ufzfonf jyefvm f S
wdr;a&Smifaeaom rl&m,ufzf udk
d f H fS kd f H
,if;tpDtpOfukd Ekii&yfjcm;&Sd b*Fvm;a'h&Eiiom;rsm;uvIYaqmf H ygu zrf;oGm;rnf[k tpdk;&u 0efBuD;csKyfbemZD,m blwdkvkyf
h kd k f S
yHy;cJjh cif;jzpfonf[k AdvrL;csKyf&mZufu ajymMum;cJNh yD; ppfbuftmPm owday; rIaMumifh jyefvmrnfh MuHcH&rIwGif ywfoufqufET,f
f f l D
odr;&ef tpDtpOfujkd yKvkyowpfO;onf a[mifaumifwif aexdiz,f G k f G ta&;ud k jyef v nf p Of ; pm;ae aerIESihfywfoufNyD; ygupöwef
&SdaMumif; ppfwyfajyma&;qdkcGifh&SdolwpfOD;u ajymMum;cJhonf/ aMumif; ¤if;\ygwD u Zefe0g&Dv w&m;½Hk;u zrf;0&rf;xkwfxm;
ö
tqdkygudp&yfESifhywfoufí tNidrf;pm;'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; tDqef 19 &ufwGif xkwf jyefcJhonf/ onf/
,lqGwfESifh AdkvfrSL;ZmuD;,m;wdkYudk zrf;qD;xm;NyD;tNidrf;pm;AkdvfcsKyf ygupöwefEdkifiHwGif; ppfwyf ppfbufor®wa[mif;rl&Sm
Zdkif,,fvf[ufudk vdkufvH&SmazGaeaMumif;od&onf/ ppfbuftmPm ESifhtpdk;&tMum; EkdifiHa&;tusyf f S f G
&ufzonf 2008 ckEpwif &mxl;
odrf; &efpDpOfrIwGif tNidrf;pm;ESifh vuf&Sdwm0efxrf;aqmifaeMuonfh G
twnf;jzpfym;aerIukd tm½HvEif k JT kd rSEkwfxGufcJhNyD; ygupöwefrSxGuf
ppfwyft&m&Sd 16 OD;yg0ifonfh taxmuftxm;rsm;udk&&Sdxm;aMumif; a&;twG u f tpd k ; &onf rl & S m S kd f
ajy;um vef'efEihf 'lbi;wGif ae
ppfwyfu ajymMum;xm;onf/ ,uf z f u d k zrf ; qD ; rI j yKvk y f E k d i f xdkifvsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/
2007 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dva&G;aumufyGJtNyD; EkdifiHa&;rwnfNidrfrI faMumif; rl&Sm,ufzf\All Paki- Ref:CNN
H h
aMumifh ppfwyfuwifajr§mufNyD; taxmuftyhay;cJonfh Mum;jzwftpd;& k
f S f G dS
u ESpEpMf umtkycsKyfcNhJ yD;aemufwif vuf&0efBuD;csKyf[mqDem\ ]t0grD
vd*f} ygwDu 2009 ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif jywfjywfom;om;tEdkif&cJh
onf/
[mqDemtpdk;&tmPm&&SdNyD; ESpfvtMumwGif vpmESifhtjcm;cH
pm;cGifhrsm;qdkif&mwyfwGif;ykefuefrIaMumifh e,fpyfjynfolYppft&m&Sd 57
OD;tygt0if vlaygif; 74 OD;aoqHk;cJh&onf/ [mqDem\ zcifrSm
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH\ vGwfvyfa&;zcifBuD;&Sdwfcfrl*sDbm&mrefjzpfNyD;
1975 ckESpfEkdifiH\ yxrqHk;ppfbuftmPmodrf;rIwGif vkyfMuHowf
H hJ kd f
jzwfcc&onf/ ppfbufAvcsKyfBuD;b0rS or®wjzpfvmonhf Zdi,m&m k f
refonfvnf; 1981 ckESpf ppfbuftmPmodrf;rIwGif vkyfMuHowfjzwf
cH&NyD; ¤if;\ZeD;jzpfolcgvD'gZD,monf0efBuD;csKyfoufwrf; ESpfBudrf
a&G;cs,fcHcJh&um ,cktcgvTwfawmftwGif; twdkuftcHacgif;aqmif
zcifjzpfolvGwfvyfa&;zcifBuD;&Sdwfcfrl*sDbm&mref"mwfyHka&SYwGif &yfaeonfU [mqDem wpfOD;jzpfonf/ Ref: CNN Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaehu vef'efwGif owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJvkyfaeonfU rl&Sm,ufzf
ygupöwefwGif AdkvfcsKyfBuD;[efaqmifolwpfOD; zrf;qD;cH&
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;[efaqmifNyD; qD;&rdcjhJ cif;jzpfaMumif;wm0ef&ol dS 0wfpkHtwk? AK 47 ½kdifz,fwpf
ae&modrf;rIrsm;? tcGifhta&;&,l rsm;u ajymMum;cJhonf/ vufESifh Blackberry zkef;wpfvkH;
G f
&efaqmif&uaeolwpfO;udk yguD ¾ d
]]yk*vuaq;½kwpfcuO;pD;H k kd D f hJ
wdYkukd odr;qnf;&rdcaMumif; &J0ef
J
pöwef&wyfzUJG uzrf;qD;xm;aMumif; f
aeNyD; ajr,modr;rIawGaqmif&uf G xrf;wpfOD;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
Zefe0g&D 20 &ufaeYwGif &JwyfzGJU d k f
zdYk 'kw,AdvcsKyfBuD;tjzpf ok;ESpf H &Sm;onf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU0if
ajymMum;cJhonf/ avmuf[efaqmifaecJwvwpfO; h hJ l D 0efBuD;rsm;udkvdrfvnfcJhNyD; Pir
f
touf 52 ESpt&G,f rmqGwf udk uRefawmfwYkd zrf;qD;&rdxm;yg Pagara wGif MoZmBuD;aoma'o
&Sm;onf u&mcsdta&SUbuf&Sdppf hJ
w,f}}[ktqifjh rif&0efxrf;wpfO; D cHEdkifiHa&;orm;wpfOD;\ tokb
k Gf
bufe,fajrwpfcwippf0wfpjHk zifh u ajymMum;cJhonf/ &Jrsm;udk tcrf;tem;wdYkyif wufa&mufcol hJ
tpdk;&wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;udk vm d f k f hJ
rMumcPa&Smifwr;Edicaom &Sm; jzpfonf/ &Sm;udk ½kH;wifppfaq;
a&mufawGUqkHum w&m;r0ifajr k f f
onf EdiijH cm;wGia&muf&aeaom dS oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; jypfrIxif&Sm;awGU
,mvTJajymif;zdkYtwGuf oabmwl f k fS
tNidr;pm;AdvrL;BuD;a[mif;wpfO; D d f
&Sygu axmif'Pf ig;ESptxduscH
f d G f
nDcsu&&S&efaqmif&uaepOf zrf; ESifh nDtpfudkawmfNyD; ¤if;wGif ppf &Edkifonf/ Ref: AFP
e*g;ESpfwGif uav;ydkarG;Mu&ef xdkif0rfor®w wdkufwGef;
xdkif0rf\arG;zGm;EIef;udk jr§ifh rMumao;cifESpfrsm;twGif; ruf 196627 OD;arG;zGm;cJNh yD; ,refwpf
wif&eftwGuf vmrnfhe*g;ESpf vkH;rsm;ay;cJhonf/ f
ESpuxuf 17 'or 8 &mcdiEe; k f I f
wGif uav;ydkarG;Mu&ef xdkif0rf arG;EIef; usqif;rIu xdkif0rf k hJ f
wd;wufc&m 12 ESptwGi; yxr f
or®wrm&ifusKd;u Zefe0g&Dv pD;yGm;a&;udk xdcdkufapEdkifaom qkH;tBudrf arG;EIef;jrifhwufcJhjcif;
G k f G f h
19 &ufaeYwif wduwe;cJonf/ aMumif h uav;arG ; zG m ;rI r sm; k f G
jzpfonf/ xdi0rfwif 2000 jynfh
Zefe0g&D 23 &ufaeYwGif twGuf aiGom;vufaqmifrsm; ESpf e*g;ESpfu uav; 305300
pwifrnfh ESpfopfwGif arG;EIef;jrifh h
ay;jcif;? uav;apmifa&Smufrrsm;I OD;arG;zGm;cJhNyD;aemufydkif; arG;EIef;
wufvmrnf[k arQmfvifhaMumif; ay;jcif;wdkY aqmif&GufcJhonf/ qufwdkufusqif;aecJhonf/
rmu ajymMum;cJhonf/ e*g;ESpf ,refESpfu xdkif0rfwGif uav; Ref: AFP
onf w½kwfESpfrsm;wGiftaumif;
qkH;ESpftjzpf,lqcH&NyD; uav;
rsm;twGuf taumif;qk;ESptjzpf H f
S k f
owfrwMf uonf/ xdi0rfarG;EIe; f
h S f G
onf 2010 NynfEpwif pHcsewif d f
f f
usqif;cJNh yD;urÇmwGiarG;EIe;tedrhf
qkH;EdkifiHpm&if;0ifoGm;cJhonf/
2010 jynfhESpfwGif xdkif0rfü
uav; 166866 OD; arG;zGm;cJh
aMumif; tpdk;&udef;*Pef;rsm;u
azmfjycJhonf/ xdkif0rftmPmydkif
f hf
rsm;onfarG;EIe;jr§iwif&eftwGuf
international News 19
AD,uferfEdkifiHonf xdkif;EdkifiH\urÇmhtrsm;qHk;qefwifydkhrIEkdifiHae&mwGif 0ifa&mufvmEkdifzG,f&Sd
k f k f H kd f H
]]xdi;Edii[m NydKifbufEiirsm;eJY &JU *sufprifqefwpfwef aps;EIef;
,SOf&ifqefaps;EIef;[m t&rf;jrifh [m a':vm 700 yJ&Sdygw,f}}[k
aeygw,f/ xdkYaMumifh tpdk;&&JU k f k f l d
xdi;ykYduewifyYkdorsm;tzGYJ 'kw,
qefaps;EIef;jrifhwufap&qdkaom Ouú|rS ajymMum;oGm;ygonf/
H d f h h
pDrue;udk avQmcsoifygw,f}}[k xdkif;\,ckESpf qefwifydkYrI
ajymMum;oGm;ygonf/ S f k f
rSmcefYre;ajctwdi; wef 6 'or
]]xdkif;qefawG&JU aps;EIef;jrifh 5 oef;om&Sdygu ,refESpf qef
rm;rIaMumifh 'DESpfrSmarQmfrSef;onf wifydkYrIEIef;wef 10 'or 5 oef;
xuf qefwefcsdef wpfoef;eD;yg; ESifhEIdif;,SOfvQif 38 'or 1 &m
avsmhusEkdifygw,f/ xkdif;&JU *suf ckdifEIef; avsmhusoGm;jcif;jzpfyg
prifqefawG[m wpfwefudk a': onf/
vm 1300 &SdaecsdefrSm AD,uferf Ref:The Nation
AD,uferfEkdifiHtv,fydkif; Tuy Hoa jynfe,f&Sd v,fuGif;wpfck
xdkif;tpdk;&\ xdkif;qefaps; k S f f
q,fpEptwGi; tedrq;yrmP hf kH *sufprifqefrsm;tm; ESpfqwdk;í k f hf kd f
awmif;qdcsursm;ESixi;qefrsm;
EIef;rsm;jrifhwufap&rnfqdkaom jzpfonf/ urÇmhaps;uGuftwGif; wefcsdef 80000 txd wdk;jr§ifh \t&nftaoG;aumif;rGefrI rQw
uwdjyKrIpDrHudef;aMumifh AD,uf k f
xdi;qefa0pkonfvnf; ,refEpf S wifydkYoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; tjcm;aom aomtay;t,lrsm;aMumifh xdkif;
erfEdkifiHonf urÇmhtBuD;qHk; qef u 30 'or 2 &mckdifEIef;txd&Sd kd f h kd f H
qefpuysKd;onfEiirsm;jzpfonfh qefrsm;onfaps;aumif;&vsuf
wifydkYrIEkdifiHjzpfaom xdkif;EdkifiH\ &mrS ,ckESpfwGif 20 rS 25 &mcdkif b&m;ZD;ESifhO½ka*G;wdkY\ qefwif &SdNyD; qefwifydkYrIwef 6 'or 5
ae&modYk tpm;xd;0ifa&mufvmEdif
k k EIef;txd usqif;oGm;rnfjzpf ydkYrIrsm;onfvnf; jrifhwufvmcJh oef;txdusqif;oGm;rnfqonf kd
aMumif; ydkYukefuRrf;usifolrsm;rS onf[k cefYrSef;xm;onf/ onf/ uarÇm'D;,m;rSvnf; ,ck rSm ,HkMunfEkdifzG,fr&dSaMumif;
cefYrSef;xm;Muygonf/ k f
tjcm;aom xdi;qefwifyUkd rI ESpftwGif; qefwefcsdefwpfoef; k f d
xdi;'kw,0efBuD;csKyfEiu;oef; S fh l
xdkif;qefwifydkYolrsm; tzGJY twGuf tEIwfvu©Pmrsm;rSm wifydkYzG,f&dSí jrefrmEkdifiHrS aygif; a&mif;0,fa&;0efBuD;upfwD&uf
tpnf;\pm&if;rsm;t& ¤if;wdYk\ D
azazmf&vu wifyYkd&ufausmvef f G qefrsm;\ wifydkYrIonfvnf; em&ma&mif;u ajymMum;oGm;yg
qef wifydkYrIonf ,ckESpftwGif; oGm;aomqefrsm;tm; tdE´d,rS t&Sdeft[kefjzifh jrifhwufvmyg onf/
6 'or 5 oef;txdusqif;oGm; tpm;xdk;wifydkYcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ AD onf/ xkdif;ykdYukefwifydkYolrsm; tzGJY befaumufykdhpfowif;pmu azmfjyonfU qefpyg;ukefoG,frIjyZ,m;jzpfNyD;
rnfjzpfNyD; ,if;yrmPonf ,ck ,uferfonf ,ckESpftwGif; urÇmay:&dS pm;okH;olrsm;\ Ouú|aumhbfqGwfcftD,rfql&Du ,if;Z,m;t&rl xkdif;u xdyfqHk;wGif&Sdaeonf
G f
AD,uferf\ yxrqH;k jynfwi;f xkwppfoabFmpwifa&cs vlaoonfh txd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrIjzifh ul0dwf&Jt&m&SdESpfOD;udk axmif'PfwpfoufwpfuRef;csrSwf
f
AD,uferf umuG,a&;0efBu; D AdkvfcsKyf Pham Ngoc Minh u 2011 ckESpftwGif; ul0dwf&Sd cHtm;vHk;rSm Ahmadi &Jpcef;wGif wGif yg0ifywfoufonfh tjcm; k h h
aoqH;cJonftjzpftysuaMumif; f
Xme vufatmuf&Sd Hong Ha ajymMum;cJhonf/ &Jpcef;wpfckwGif xdef;odrf;cHxm; xdef;odrf;cHxm;&ol av;OD;udk t&m&SEpO;udk axmif'Pf 15 ESpf
d S f D d l f I f hJ
ul0wjf ynforsm;wkevyc&ovdk
oabFmwnfaqmufa&;ukrPu Ü D jynfwGif;enf;ynmrsm;udk &olwpfOD;udk toufaoonf 2011 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvwGif n§if; J f D
ESihf usef&0efxrf;ESpO;udk 'PfaiG ul0dwfjynfxJa&;0efBuD;a[mif;
kf h
aqmufvyonfyxrqH;jynfwi; k Gf k
toH;jyKonfoabFmwnfaqmuf
h txd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhrItwGuf yef;ESdyfpufcJhrIjzifh w&m;pGJcH&ol I kd f
200 dinars pDjzifh &mZ0wfrqi&m Sheikh Jaber Khaled al Sabah udk
xkwf TT400TP,HQ 272 acwfrD k f
rIvyief;rsm;udk Hong Ha ukrPD Ü &Jt&m&SdESpfOD;udk axmif'Pf wpf rsm;jzpfonf/ xde;odr;cHxm;&ol
f f w&m;½Hk;ujypf'PfcsrSwfcJhonf/ f G f
vnf;&mxl;EkwxurjI zpfapcJonf/ h
ppfoabFmudk Zefe0g&D 16 &ufaeY u 2009 ckESpf? {NyDvwGif pwif oufwpfuRef;ESifh tjcm;t&m&Sd rsm;xJrS touf 35 ESpft&G,f&Sd usef&Sdonfh EdkifiHjcm;om;ESpfOD; Mutairi onf tjyif; txef
wGifa&wyfodkY w&m;0ifvTJajymif; cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ oHk;OD;udk axmif'Pf 16 ESpfpDjzifh Mohammad Ghazzai al Mutairi tygt0if&J0efxrf; 11 OD;udk f d f H
n§i;yef;ESypufc&rIaMumifajcmufh
ay;cJhonf/ kfI
]]oabFmaqmufvyr&UJ ukef I kd f
&mZ0wfrqi&m w&m;½H;wpfcuk k onf ESdyfpufcH&rIrsm;aMumifh ao w&m;aovTwfay;cJhonf/ &uftMumwGif aoqHk;cJhaMumif;
tqdkyg ppfoabFmwGif AK usp&dwf[m tar&duef a':vm pD&ifcsufcsrSwfcJhonf/ qHk;cJh&onf/ &Jrsm;\n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrI ppfaq;awGY&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
630 pufaoewf? ajrjyifrSa0[if f
wpfoef;0ef;usiavmuf&ygw,f/ dS S f H
jypf'Pfcsrwc&onfh w&m; Mutairi udk n§i;yef;ESypufrI
f d f f f
aMumifh xde;odr;cHxm;&olwpfO; D Ref: AFP
kH hf l S f
ypf';pepf? a&'gESi&eforwonfh k f H f S
Ediiwumaps;uGurm 'DoabFmeJY
pepf? cJ,rf;rD;ausmufponfh
acwfrvufeufrsm; wyfqifxm;
D
tvm;wl oabFm&JUaps;EIef;u
a':vm 10 oef;xd&Sdygw,f/
ygvufpwdkif;udk EdkifiHtjzpf xdkif;EdkifiHu todtrSwfjyK
onf/ jynfwGif;rSm xkwfvkyfwJhtwGuf ygvufpwdkif;udk EdkifiHtjzpf w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKaMumif;udk S
1967 ckEp?f ajcmuf&ufppfyGJ rSwfjyKrIonf 2012 ckESpfESpfopf
jynfwGif;xkwf ppfoabFm 90 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;ukefusp&dwf k f k f H
xdi;Ediiu todtrSwjf yKaMumif; e,l;a,mufNrdKU? ukvor*¾&dS tjrJ rwdirD wnf&caom e,fpyfpnf;
k f dS hJ f k f
twGi; ygvufpwdi;oHwrefa&;
onf AD,uferfa&wyf\ wdkuf oufomapygw,f}}Z 173 puf½Hk Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufwGif aMunm wrf;tzJGU0ifrsm;ESifh avhvmol k f
twdi; ygvufpwdi;udEiitjzpfk f k dk f H &matmifjrifrIwpfckjzpfcJhaMumif;
cdkufa&;pGrf;&nfudk tiftm;jznfh k f
\'g½duwm Nguyen Van Coung cJh&m tpöa&;ESifhrajyvnfrI&Sdae tqifhEkdifiHtm;vHk;udk today;cJh xdkif;EdkifiHu todtrSwfjyKcJhonf ygvufpwkdif;EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
kf
wif;ay;EdirnfjzpfaMumif; a&wyf u ajymMum;cJhonf/ Ref: AFP aom ygvufpwdkif;twGuf tm; aMumif; xdkif;EkdifiH\owif;xkwf [k ygvufpwdkif;EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef f f
&D,uf't,fvrmvDu\ajymMum;D
wufp&mwpfckjzpfcJhonf/ jyefa&;wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajym dS l
BuD;XmerSwm0ef&owpfO;u ajym D csufudkygvufpwdkif;owif;Xme
um;wdkufcH&ol ESpfESpft&G,fuav;i,ftm; ygvufpwdkif;udk EkdifiHtjzpf Mum;cJhonf/ h k f d f H
Mum;cJonf/ xdi;Ekii\todt h
WAFA uazmfjycJonf/ Ref: AFP
aq;½Hkydkhay;cJUonfUtrsKd;orD;vlrIxl;cRefqk&&Sd acgif;aqmifopfuif*sKHtGef ajrmufukdf&D;,m;ppfwyfokdh tvnftywfa&muf&Sd
w½kwfEkdifiHü NyD;cJhonfh atmufwdkbmvujzpfyGm;cJhaom ESpfESpf EdkifiHhacgif;aqmifopftae 0g'jzefYcsdxkwfjyefonf/ uif*sKH
t&G,fuav;i,ftm; um;wdkufrIwGif ¤if;uav;i,ftm; aq;½kHodkY jzihf omru ppfbufacgif;aqmif f H
tDvae&mqufcol uif*sKHte\ G f
ydkYaqmifcJhonfhtrIdufodrf;oltrsKd;orD;tm; vlrIxl;cRefqkay;cJhaMumif; tjzpfyg ,HkMunfrIwnfaqmuf ppfpcef;okdYwpfvtwGif; 'kwd,
qif[Gmowif;XmerS xkwfjyefcJhygonf/ aeaom ajrmufudk&D;,m;acgif; tBud r f a jrmuf vnf y wf r I j zpf
tGefvdkif;AD'D,dkrSjzpfpOfwpfavQmufvHk;tm; ½dkuful;xm;&m ¤if; H G f
aqmifopfuif*sKteonf ajrmuf onf/
ESpfESpft&G,f rdef;uav;i,fonf vrf;ay:wGif aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;jzifh udk&D;,m; ppfwyf? wyfzGJYwpfckodkY uif*sKHtGef\c&D;pOfwGif xl;
owdarhaeaomfvnf; uav;eHab;üjzwfavQmufoGm;ol tenf;qHk; oGm;a&muf vnfywfcJhaMumif; f
jcm;csutaejzihf oGm;a&mufonhf
18 OD;&dScJh&m wpfpHkwpfOD;urQ *½kpdkufvSnfMunfhjcif;r&dSay/tqdkygjzpf d f H kd f D D
Ekiiyir',mu xkwjf yefaMunm ae&mudk zcifuJhokdYvQKdU0Sufxm;cJh
&yfonf w½kwfwpfrsKd;om;vkH;tm; xdwfvefYwkefvlyfapNyD; vQifjrefpGm onf/ d dk D
jcif;r&Say/ ajrmufu&;,m;tpd;& k
wd;wufvmaom NrdKUjyt*Fg&yfrsm;aMumifjh zpfonf[o;oyfMuygonf/
k k kH uif\ppfpcef;odYk vma&muf onf uif*sKHtGefudk zcifuif*sKH
h kd G f
,if;uJoYkd,,i;vmaom pdw"mwfrsm;Mum;ü av;pm;zG,&m ay:
f f NyD; ppfonfrsm;ESihf trSwfw& tDvf? tbdk;uiftDvfqGef;wdkYuJh
xGufvmaomtouf 58 ESpft&G,f? trIdufodrf;oltm; w½kwfjynfol "mwfyHk½dkuful;rIwGif ppfom;rsm; k f I dS
odYk yif yk*Kd¾ vfa&;ud;uG,r&ap&ef
oef;aygif;rsm;pGmu tGefvdkif;rSwpfqifh axmufcHrJay;cJhaomaMumifh u pdwftm;xufoefpGmjzihf rsuf 0g'jzefYcsda&;udk tm;pdkufvkyfudkif
qif[Gmowif;Xmeonf ½kyfjrifoHMum;rSwpfqifh ¤if;trsdK;orD;tm; &nfvnf&TJaysmfyGJqifcJhMuonf[k vsuf&Sdonf/
vlrIxl;cRefqkay;cJhJjcif;jzpfygonf/ Ref: AFP udk&D;,m;A[dkowif;at*sifpu D Ref: AFP
international NEWS 21
tD&efta&; tar&duefppfOD;pD;csKyftzGJY Ouú| tpöa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifUvma&mufaqG;aEG; a[mfrkZfa&vufMum;udk ydwfypf&eftpDtpOfr&SdcJh[k
G
ajymif;vJom;onfU oabmxm;udk
tD&efEdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD; xkwfazmf
l I
a&eHo,f,rtwGuf t"du vmjcif;udk jyorItjzpf EkdifiHw
vrf;aMumif;jzpfaeaom a[mfrkZf umu ½IjrifcJhMuonf/
a&vufMum;udk ydwfypf&ef rnf tD&efudk ppfa&;t&wkduf
onh f t cgurQ tpD t pOf r &S d c J h cdkufvmrI? ta&;,lydwfqkdYrIrsm;
aMumif; tD&efEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD; xyfrHwif;usyfrIjyKygu ydwfypf
tvDtuf*fbmqmav[Du Zefe rnf[k rlvuNcdrf;ajcmufcJhjcif;
0g&Dv 19 &ufaeYwGifajymMum;cJh jzpfonf/
onf/ vmrnf h & uf o wÅ y wf r sm;
tD&efonf NyD;cJhonhf 'DZif twGif; a[mfrkZfa&vufMum;wGif
bmvu urÇmhwpf0ef;a&eHwifydkY ppfa&;avhusifhrIrsm; xyfrHjyKvkyf
Zefe0g&Dv 20 &ufaeYu a*s½kpvifwGif tpöa&;or®w&SDrGefyD&ufZf ESihf tar&duefppfOD;pD;csKyfrsm;tzGJY Ouú|rmwif 'rfaq;wdkYawGYqHkpOf rI\ ig;yHkwpfyHkjzwfoef;&m a[mf &ef tD&efu pDpOfxm;ovdk tar
tD&efEdkifiHESihf qufqHa&; aomaMumihf 0g&SifwefESihfquf 0efBuD;csKyf? umuG,fa&;0efBuD;? ajymcJhaom tar&duef\ tD&ef rkZfa&vufMum;ukdydwfypfrnf[k &duefjynfaxmifpkuvnf; av
wif;rmaepOf tar&duefppfOD;pD; oG,fa&;udk csdwfqufxm;&ef ppfOD;pD;csKyfwkdYESihfawGYqHkcJhonf/ tay:ta&;,lydwfqkdYrIESihf ywf wkHYjyefcJhzl;&m ,ckpum;onf o ,mOfwifoabFmaemufwpfp;xyf D
csKyfrsm;tzGJYOuú| AkdvfcsKyfBuD; tpöa&;acgif;aqmifydkif;udk 'rf aqG;aEG;rIwGifta&SUtv,f oufNyD;vnf; aqG;aEG;cJhMuonf abmxm; jyefvnfaysmhajymif; rHapvTwfxm;onf/ Ref: AFP
rmwif'rfaq;onf tpöa&;EkdifiH aq;u wkdufwGef;oGm;cJhonf/ ydkif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihf tD&efEsLta&;? [kqkdonf/ tpöa&; owif;pm
odYk Zefe0g&Dv 20 &ufaeYwivm G f ppfOD;pD;csKyfrsm;tzGJYOuú| tD&ef\a[mfrkZfa&vufMum;udk rsm;\azmfjyrIt& ESpfzuft"du a[mfrkZfa&vufMum;udk zGifhxm;&efvdktyfaMumif;
a&mufcJhNyD; tpöa&;acgif;aqmif wm0efudk NyD;cJhonhfESpfatmufwkd f dk f
ydwypfEiacswYdkukd t"duaqG;aEG; J JG S
oabmuGvonfrmtD&efEsLpuf½kH
rsm;ESihfawGYqHkcJhaMumif;od&onf/ bmvu 'rfaq;&,lNyD;aemuf cJhonf/ tpöa&;0efBuD;csKyfbif*s rsm;udk wdkufcdkufa&;jzpfaMumif; w½kwf0efBuD;csKyfajymMum;
tpöa&;onf tD&efEsLpuf½Hk ydkif; yxrqHk;tBudrf tpöa&;odkY rifaewef,m[ku vHavmufjcif; k od&onf/
a&eHwifoabFmrsm;oGm;vm EkdifiH 'dk[mNrdKUokdYa&muf&SdcJhaom
d f k f kd f k
rsm;udk tcsera&G;wducuvmEdif vma&muf&mwGif tpöa&;or®w? r&Sdao;[k NyD;cJhonhftywfu Ref: AFP
aom r[mAsL[majrmuf a[mfrkZf 0rfusm;aygifu ajymMum;cJonf/ h
a[mUrkZfa&vufMum;t½IyfawmfyHkwGif a'owGif;EkdifiHrsm;ryg0ifMu&ef tD&efowday; a&vufMum;udk tD&efu ydwfypf
rnf[kNcdrf;ajcmufrIjzpfay:aepOf
w½kwfonf tD&efa&eHESifh
"mwfaiGUudk t"du0,f,laeaom
tD&efEdkifiH\ EsLuvD;,m; onf/ kd f H S hf h
tD&efEiiEiaqG;aEG;oifaMumif;? f hJ
aumif;rGew&nf&,csufxm;&SzYkd
G f d hf
,if;a&vufMum;zGixm;&efrm t S k f h
EdiijH zpfonftwGuf tD&efa&eHt
vkyfief;pOfaMumifh wif;rmrIrsm; dS
]]tEÅ&m,f&whJ tajctaexJ or®wtdkbm;rm;xHrS a[mhrkZfa& &,f BudKwifowfrwcsuawGrygS f f a&;BuD;aMumif; a&eH
ay: ydwqYkdta&;,lrjI yKvyrnfukd
jzpfay:vmonfh a[mhrkZfa&vuf udk udk,fhudk,fudkqGJroGif;MuygeJY vufMum;jyóemESifhywfouf wJh aqG;aEG;rIjyKvkyfzdkY&,f vdkyg yifv,fauGUa'ookdY a&eHc&D;pOf vufrcHcJhay/
Mum;jyóemwGif a'owGif;tm vdkY uRefawmfwdkY&JYtdrfeD;csif;EdkifiH onfh azmfjyxm;aompmwpfapmif f S
w,f/ 'DwpfBudrrm trSewu,f f f f
xGuaeaom w½kw0efBuD;csKyf0rf tD&efa&eHydwfqdkYta&;,lrI
&yfEdkifiHrsm;onf tar&duefESifh awGudk owday;ajymcsifygw,f}} udk &&Sdxm;aMumif;vnf; qmav aqG;aEG;csifw,fqdkwm vufcH& usm;aygifu Zefe0g&Dv 18 &uf k f f G f
MuHK&Edicsdewif w½kw0efBuD;csKyf
tvGeftuRHvufwGJNyD; tEÅ&m,f [k tD&efEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;qm [Du ajymMum;cJhonf/ atmif ½dk;om;wJhenf;AsL[mawG wGif tav;xm;ajymMum;cJonf/h onftESpf 20 twGif; a&eHtrsm;
wGif;odkY r0ifa&muf&eftD&efEdkifiH av[Du ajymMum;cJhonf/ ]]tdkbm;rm;u tD&eftmPm udk usifhoHk;zdkYvdktyfygw,f}} [k kf
a[mfrZa&vufMum;vHjk cHKa&; qHk;xkwfvkyfaom aqmf'Dtma&As
jcm;a&;0efBuD;u Zefe0g&Dv 19 tar&dueftaejzifh BudKwif ydkifawGqDudk pmwpfapmifay;ydkYcJh qmav[Du ajymMum;cJhonf/ &S&efrm Ekiitm;vH;\tusK;pD;yGm;
d S dfH k d okdY yxrqHk;tBudrfoGm;a&mufcJh
&ufaeYwGif owday;ajymMum;cJh owfrSwfxm;csufrsm; ryg0ifbJ ygw,f/ 'gayrJh olwdkYtaeeJY Ref: Reuters twGuf ta&;ygaMumif; umwm jcif;jzpfonf/ Ref: AP
Oa&myor*¾u USS Abraham Lincoln av,mOfwifoabFm tma&Asyifv,fokdh a&muf&SdNyD;
tD&efa&eHwifoGif;rIukd USS Carl Vinson av,mOfwifoabFmESifU yl;aygif;
Zlvkdif 1 &ufrS tar&d u ef a v,mOf w if av,mOfwifoabFmaemuf JG
wyfpxm;jcif;tm; qufvufvyf k H f
uefuxyfrapvTwcjhJ cif;jzpfonf/ ,if;a'o&Sd tD&efawmfvSef
pwifydwfyif&efaqG;aEG; oabFm USS Abraham Lincoln
onf Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufwGif
wpfpD; USS John Stennis rSm NyD;
cJhaom&ufydkif; ,if;ae&mrS jyef
aqmifrnf[k wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u
ajymMum;cJNh yD; rnfonftcsdewif
h f G
rMumao;rDESpfrsm;twGif; tar&d
uefonf yifv,fauGUa'owGif
a&;tapmifhwyfrSL;rsm;\ordkif;
aMumif;rsm;udk tar&duefaxmuf
Oa&myor*¾onf tD&efa&eH tma&Asyifv,fodkYa&muf&SdvmcJh G f G d f
vnfxucmcJNh yD; ypdzwtaemuf av,mOfwifoabFmta&TUtajymif; av,mOfwifoabFmwpfpD;? tm f
vSr;a&;rsm;uaemufa,mifcvuf H kd
wifoGif;rIudk Zlvkdifv 1 &ufaeY &m ,if;yifv,fwGif,cif&SdaecJh bufa'oodkY OD;wnfxGufoGm;cJh jyKvkyfrnfudkrl rajymMum;cJhay/ a&Asyifv,fwGif av,mOfwif aeNyD; ,if;wyfrSL;rsm;onf wD[D
f
rSpwifNyD; ydwyif&efaqG;aEG;aeNyD; aom USS Carl Vinson av,mOf aMumif;od&onf/ USS Lincoln USS Stennis oabFmonf oabFmwpfpD; wyfpJGcJhNyD; ,if;a' S
&ef&Sd tBuD;wef;wyfrL;rsm;\uGyf
tzJGU0ifEkdifiHrsm;taejzifh ajcmuf wifoabFmESifh yl;aygif;cJhonf/ kf
oabFmonf a[mfrZa&vufMum; h
yifv,fauGUa'orS NyD;cJaom&uf owGif ,if;uJhokdY ppftiftm;cs uJrIatmufwGif tjynfht0&Sd? r&Sd
wmtwGif; tD&efESifhvuf&Sdvkyf kf f
a[mfrZa&vufMum;ydwypfrnf[k udkjzwfí yg&Sef;yifv,fauGUokdY ydi;twGi;u xGucmoGm;cJ&m tD
k f f f G h G
xm;rIukd ajymif;vJom;rnfr[kwf udk apmifhMunfhaeaMumif; tar&d
aqmifaeaom oabmwlnDcsuf f
tD&efu Ncdr;ajcmufrjI zpfay:aepOf oGm;a&mufrnfjzpfonf/ tar&d &efwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u tar&duef aMumif; tar&duefumuG,fa&; ueftpdk;&wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u ajym
rsm;udk NyD;jywfatmifvyaqmif&ef k f tar&duefuav,mOfwifoabFm uefppfbufonf yifv,fauGUa' av,mOfwifoabFmxyfrrapvTwf H 0efBuD;vD,Gefyefeufwmu ajym Mum;cJhonf/
f
tcsdeay;xm;aMumif; Oa&myor*¾ D H
wpfp;xyfrapvTwcjhJ cif;jzpfonf/
f owGif av,mOfwifoabFmudk &ef owday;cJhaomfvnf; tar&d Mum;cJhonf/ Ref:CNN;USS
hf
tvSnusOuú|wm0ef,xm;aom l
'def;rdwfESifh Oa&myor*¾oHwref
rsm;u Zefe0g&Dv 17 &ufwGif
ajymMum;cJhonf/
tD&efa&eHwifoGif;rItay:
ydwfyif&ef Oa&mor*¾u rltm;
jzifh oabmwlxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
Oa&myor*¾onf tD&efxHrS
NyD;cJhaomESpfwGif a&eHig;yHkwpfykH
l
0,f,cNhJ yD; t"du0,f,ow½kwf l l
k
ESihf tNydKiftqdijf zpfconf/ tDw hJ
vD? pydef? *&dEkdifiHwdkYrSm tD&efa&
kd
eHut"du0,f,orsm;jzpfonf/ l l
f
wpfaeYvQia&eHpnf 2 'or
f
6 oef;xkwaeaom tD&efa&eHwif
f kd d f
oGi;rIuywyifvuygu Ekiiw dk f d f H
f G f
umaps;uGuwia&eHaps;jrifwuf h
oGm;Ekdifovdk tD&efjynfolrsm;
f
twGuvnf;ukeaps;EIe;jrifwuf f f h
usyfwnf;rIESihfMuHKawGY&Ekdifonf/
Ref: Reuters USS Abraham Lincoln av,mOfwifoabFmESifU wpfygwnf;yg&Sdaom oabFmtkyfpk
Page 23
ed'gef;
EkdifiHawmfor®wBuD; OD;odef;
pdefvufxufjrefrmEdkifiH\ jzpf
ay:wd k ; wuf r I o nf zG J Y pnf ; yk H
D
aejynfawmf tem*wfoabmwlncsuf EkdifiHom;tm;vkH; xm;&Sdoifh
aom oEéd|mefrSm aemufjyef
rvSnfhaMu;jzpfíaemufaMumif;
rSL;aZmf
tajccHOya'yg ay;xm;csufrsm; jyefvSnfhvdkaom tzGJYtpnf;?
udk taumiftxnfazmfonfh vkyf yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;taejzifh aemufaMumif;
f
aqmifcsursm;yg0ifaeaomfvnf; S hf kd
jyefvnvonfh taMumif;&if;rSef
t"d u tm;jzif h or® w BuD ; ES i f h udk yGifhyGifhvif;vif;&J&Jwif;wif;
acgif;aqmifrsm;\ EkdifiHa&;pdwf f
xkwazmfaMunm&ef wduwe;vdk k f G f
&if;apwemrS xGufay:vmaom onf/ (,if;odkY aemufaMumif;
&v'frsm;jzpfonf/ or®wBuD; S hf kd
jyefvnvonfh oabmudk xkwf
twGuf t"dupdefac:rIBuD;(3)&yf azmfajymMum;rSomStake Holder
(EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? jynfwGif; f k k f
rsm;twGi;wd;wdurjd cif;udk a&Smif
Nidrf;csrf;a&;)onf tem*wfEkdifiH vTJEdkifrnfjzpfaomaMumifh jzpf
awmf E S i f h Ek d i f i H o m;tm;vk H ; \ onf/)
ta&;BuD;vSaom tem*wfjzpfae xdkYaMumifhvnf; vuf&SdEdkifiH
onf/ vuf&Sdaqmif&GufrIrsm; a&;? pD ; yG m ;a&;? Nid r f ; csrf ; a&;
onf aemifrsKd;qufrsm;txdBuD; tcif;tusif;wGif tdkif'D,dkavmf
rm;pGm oufa&mufrI&Sdaernfjzpf k f
*sDr&S?d ordi;r&Sd ? The Art of State
dfH
í Ekiiom;tm;vk;twGutouf H f Building om&Sdonf[k qdk&jcif;
wrQ ta&;BuD;vSaom Ekiita&; d f hH D kd
jzpfonf/ jrefrmh'rua&pD? pD;yGm;
udk Stake Holder tm;vkH;u tm½kH a&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;
jyKMu&ef vdktyfjcif;jzpfonf/ csuf o nf uG e f j rLepf y gwD a yg aoG;aMumjzpfaeNyDjzpfonf/ f h h
vSr;ausmjf zwf&rnftqif(3)qifh Consilidation tqifhodkY a&muf^
k f hH
Ediita&;udowdrrlbJ Ediiom; k k f H vpfAsL½dkrsm;\ pOf;pm;qifjcif EkdifiHawmfrS cif;jyxm;aom Hk H
vpfb&,fyponf pHjyKowf udkrl atmufygtwdkif;½IjrifEdkif ra&muf (jrefjrefa&mufrvm;? Mum
(tcsKdU)ta&;udk OD;pm;ay;&efvkyf csufrS xGufay:vmjcif;jzpfaomf vrf;aMumif;onf trdefYtmPm rSwfcsufrsm;r&Sd[k qdkEdkifaomf onf (oabmxm;uG J v G J v d k u &S n f r S a &muf r vm;)[l o nf r S m
aqmifvmEkdifaomtvm;tvm vnf; aejynfawmf oabmwlnD (txufrS cdkif;apjcif;)r[kwfbJ vnf; ,if;owfrSwfcsufrSm jyKrl J JG dk f
uGvEiaomfvnf; ,if;uGvcsuf J JG Field trsKd;rsKd;wGif yg0ifaeMu
rsm;jrifawGUvmEkijf cif;aMumifEiiHd h kd f csufrSm vuf&SdedkifiHom;tm;vkH; vpfb&,fykHpHjzifh aqmif&Gufae vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGufom onf EdkifiHawmfESifhEdkifiHom;wdkY\ aom Player tm;vkH;\ Capac-
om;(tcsKdU)ta&;ESifh EdkifiHa&;udk \ awG;ac:aqmif&GufcsufeSifh jcif;? wGef;tm; r[kwfbJ qGJtm; &nf n T e f ; aejcif ; jzpf N yD ; Ek d i f i H k f S hf d
yef;wdiEiuif;uGmrIr&Sap&efta&; ity tay:wGif rlwnfaeonf/
jrifatmifMunfhMuapvdkonf/ vmrnfh(4)ESpftwGif;qufvuf jzpfaejcif;wdYkaMumifh vpfb&,fypH Hk S k f H
awmfEihf Ediiom;tm;vk;avQmuf H BuD;aMumif;owdjyKapvdkonf)
or®wBuD;OD;odef;pdefonf aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tay:tajc ESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfaom
EkdifiHhta&;twGuf rSefonfxif cHí jzpfay:vmrnf jzpf&mjrefrmh Agree to Disagree wdYk onf txl;
k f H dk d f
jrefrmEdii\ 'Drua&pD? xm0&Nir;f csr;f a&;ESiUf aps;uGup;D yGm;a&;tqif(3)qifU
U
onfudk jywfjywfom;om;vkyf zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;armf',fvfonf taxGajymp&mrvdkawmhonfh a& Transition Liberalization Consilidation
aqmifwwfoljzpfjcif;udk jrpfqkH Ediiom;tm;vk;uazmfaqmifonfh
kfH H vJokH;wpfckjzpfvmrnfjzpfonf/ kfH
1 Ediia&;
qk H ; jzwf c suf ? ausmuf r D ; aoG ; armf',fvfjzpfvmrnfjzpfonf/ vpfb&,fypjH zifom;rnfoabm
Hk h G h 1 .1/ tajccHOya' tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdaeqJ/ bkHwlnDcsuf&SmazGEdkif tjiif;yGm;rIr&SdawmU/
puf½kHrsm;pGefYvTwfonfh qkH;jzwf tm;vkH;yg0ifcGifh&Sdvmonfh &aomaMumifrrwYktpktzGUJ tvduf
hdd d k uGJvGJcsufrsm;
csuf? (aemufqkH;aom)vGwfNidrf; EdkifiHa&;tcif;tusif;opfwGif Idealism rsm;? Ideology rsm;ed*kH; S Uf
wpfzufEiwpfzuf
csrf;omcGifhqkH;jzwfcsufwdkY rSwpf a':atmifqef;pkMunf ajymMum; csKyfoGm;NyDjzpfonf/ ,aeYjynf todtrSwfjyKvm/
qifjh rifawGUae&jcif;aMumiftjcm; h cJhovdk EkdifiHESifh jynfoltwGuf axmifpkMuHhcdkifa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&; 1 .2/ a&G;aumufyGJ tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdaeqJ tmPm&? twdkuftcHoabm tjiif;yGm;rIr&SdawmU/
aom Stake Holder rsm;taejzifh vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufonfudk vkyf ygwD? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD xm;wlnDvmjcif;/
EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? jynfwGif; aqmif&ef StakeHolder tm;vkH; nGwfa&;ygwDponfh 2010 a&G; 1 .3/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; tcsKdY0ifvm?tcsKdYusef&pfvsuf rwlwmcGJvkyf?wlwmwGJvkyf wpfygwDrStjcm;wpfygwDodkh
Nidr;csrf;a&;vkyief;pOfBuD; (3)&yf
f f av;eufqifjcifaqmif&Gufoifh aumufy0ifygwDrsm;ESitrsK;om;
JG hf d tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdaeqJ/ tqifUodkha&muf&SdNyD;tm;vkH; tmPmvTJajymif;rIrsm;wnfNidrfrI
k
udtm½kjH yKok;oyfMu&efvtyfvm
H kd ovdrvkyoifrvkyxuonfukd
k f h f kd f 'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf tp&Sdaom yg0ifcGifU&&Sdvm/ &&Sdvm/
d kd f
NyDjzpfonf/ rdrwYkdu,pm;jyKonfh (awmfvSefa&;udka&SmifvTJvm) (awmfvSefa&;r&SdawmU)
vlYtzGJUtpnf;(tenf;pk)tusKd; jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD? pD;yGm;a&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; 1 .4/ rD'D,m ajzavQmUrIrsm;pwifvmaomf vGwfvyfrIESifUwm0ef,lrIcGJa0 rD'D,mtumtuG,fay;rIrsm;
ESiqE´ua&SUwef;wifrojzifh EdiiH
hf kd d kf vnf;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdaeqJ/ rIrsm;pwifvm/ &Sifoefvm/
om;tm;vk;ud,pm;jyKonfvUl tzGUJ
H k f h Consilidation tqifhodkY a&muf^ra&muf (jrefjref 1 .5/ vlYtcGifUta&; tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdaeqJ/ ,kHMunfcsuftusOf;om;[lí tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;r&SdawmU/
tpnf;Bu;D wpfcv;Hk \tusK;d ESifhqE´
k fS S
a&mufrvm;? Mum&Snra&mufrvm;)[lonfrm Field trsK;d rsK;d r&SdawmU/ (Rule of Law
udxcuepfemaprnft&dyta,mif
k d kd f h f (t&yfbufvlYtzGJYtpnf;) tjynfht0jzpfvm)
kfG f d h
rsm;jrifvmEdiz,&m&Sonfoabm
wGif yg0ifaeMuaom Player tm;vkH;\ Capacity tay: tm;aumif;vm)
udkNcKHikHrdojzifhvlYtzGJUtpnf;BuD; wGif rlwnfaeonf/ 2 jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;
wpfckvkH;\ tusKd;udk bkH&yfwnf 2 .1/ ,kHMunfrI oHo,rsm;&SdaeqJ/ tcsKdY&&Sd? tcsKdYusef/ ESpfOD;ESpfzuftcdkifrmjzpfxGef;/
csuftjzpfowfrSwfay;yg&eft vnf; owdjzifh qifjcif&ef vdk Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJ0ifygwD (oHo,tcsKdY&SdaeqJ) (oHo,[lír&SdawmU)
aMumif;wifjy&jcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ tyfaMumif;awGU&Sd&onf/ þae h
rsm;udk jzefYcif;MunfvQif Ekiia&; d f H 2 .2/ em;vnfrI ypfcwfwdkufcwfrI&yfpJa&;/ ypfcwfwdkufcdkufrItm;vkH;pwif
&mwGif pma&;oltaejzifh 'Drdku oabmw&m;t& wdk;wdkufrIrsm; (pwifarQmfrSef;vm) &yfpJ/(aoewfoH?,rf;aiGYrjrif&awmU)
All Inclusive a&pDESifh zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufa&;odkY csD&m r&Sdawmhonfudk awGU&Sdedkifonf/ 2 .3/ yl;aygif;aqmif aphpyfn§dEIdif;rIrsm;pwif/ rwlwmcGJ? wlwmwGJonfUtqifUodkh wpfom;wnf;jzpfvm/
vuf & S d Ek d i f i H a &; tcif ; vrf;twGuf zlul,m;rm;\ In- 0g'tuGJtuGJtjym;jym;r&Sdawmh &GufrI a&muf&Sd/
tusif;onf jynfwGif;? jynfy stitution (3)&yfudk rsufarSmufjyK onfhenf;wl trsKd;om;a&;0g' 2 .4/xm0&Nidrf;csrf;a&; ESpfOD;ESpfzufarQmfrSef;vm/ vufeufrsm;tcsKdY pGefhvTwf? vufeufudkifvrf;pOf[lí
urÇmBuD;wpfckvkH;u awmif;qdk Mu&ef wdkufwGef;vdkonf/ ,if; (EkdifiHzGHUNzdK;a&;? EdkifiHom;rsm; MuD; tcsKdYudkifxm;qJ/ r&SdawmU/
aom All Inclusive Muef t if Institution(3)&yfrm(1) Ediiwnf
S k f H yGm;wdk;wufa&;)onf bkHvrf;pOf 3 pD;yGm;a&;
vu©Pmrsm;odkY pwifa&muf&SdNyD aqmufa&; State Building? (2) ozG,fjzpfvmaeNyDjzpfí vuf&Sd 3 .1/ aps;uGuf,Eå&m; pwiftouf0ifpjyK/ aps;uGuf,Eå&m;yDyDjyifjyif ,Eå&m;cdkifrmNyD;qufvuf
jzpfí 'Drua&pD&ioefap&maom
kd S f w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&; Rule of Law jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;udk The Art of State touf0ifvm/ (jynfaxmifpk wdk;wufonfUtqifUodkh
tqifhopfwpfqifhodkY wufvSrf; ESifh(3)'Drdkua&pD&Sifoefa&; Ac- Building tjzpf½IjrifEdkifrnfjzpf tqifUESifUjynfe,f^wdkif;a'oBuD; a&muf&Sd/
vdkufNyD[k qdkEdkifonf/ urÇmwpf countable Government and Re- onf/ tqifUESpfckpvkH;)
0ef;vk;rS tHtm;oifaom rsuv;
H h h f Hk sponsible Citizen [lí jzpfaom yuwdtajctaerSef Reality 3 .2/ Sanction ½kyfodrf;a&;tay:&yfwnfcsuf qef&Sif ½kyfodrf;a&;onf qef&Sif[lí r&SdawmU/
aygif;rsm;pGmtMum; ,aeYjrefrm aMumifh jrefrmwpfEiiv;oabm
kd f H Hk udk av;av;eufeufokH;oyfNyD; uGJjym;aeqJ/(½kyfapvdkonfU Stake Holdertm;vkH;\
d f H
Ekiionf &J&&if&ifw;xGuvmcJh
J h h kd f aqmifaom r@dKifBuD;rsm;jzpf vuf&SdvdktyfcsufNecessity udk bufESifUr½kyfapvdkonfUbuf) bkH&yfwnfcsufjzpfvm/
NyDjzpfovdk BudK;wef;vrf;avQmuf aeaMumif; awGU&SdEdkifonf/ pdppfazmfxwum tusK;pD;yGm;rsm;
k f d ajzavQmha&;tqifUudk
taetxm;rsKd;jzifh r,kHr&Japmifh vuf&Sdtcif;tusif;(pD;yGm; Adjustmen vkyfMu&rnfh tajc ESpfzufpvkH;vufcHEdkif/
Munfhaejcif;rsm;&Sdaejcif;aMumifh a&;? EdkifiHa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;)onf taejzpfonf/ ,if; Adjustment 3 .3/ yk*¾vduu@ pwiftouf0ifvm/ cdkifrmtm;aumif;aprnfU EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wGif
jrefrmh'rua&pDEihf zGUH NzdK;wd;wuf
D kd S k Ekiiwnfaqmufa&;vkyief;pOf[l
dfH f vkyfaqmif&eftwGufvnf; rnf (Institution rsm; Mueftifvu©Pmrsm; t"duarmif;ESiftm;
a&;tem*wfonf EdkifiHom;tm; aom vrf;aMumif;ay:odYk a&muf&dS h Hk
onfyp?H rnfonfrabmifrQowf h l rjynfUpkHao;) jynfUpkHvm/ (Oya'? tjzpfodkha&muf&Sdvm/
vkH;\ pOf;pm;awG;ac:aqmif&Guf aejcif;jzpfNyD; awmfvSefa&;rsKd; rSwfxm;jcif;r&SdbJ Liberalized enf;Oya'?yk*¾vdu
csufrsm;ay:wGif rlwnfaeonf/ qufrsm;&ihfusufcsdefMuaeNyD[k Adjustment oabmodkY ouf0if tzGJYtpnf;rsm;)
0g&SifwefoabmwlnDcsufonf vnf; oabm&aomaMumifh EdkifiH aeaomaMumif h Stake Holder 3 .4/ tcGifUta&; Level Play Fieldodkh Level Play Fieldodkh tcGifUta&;[líawmif;
abma*A'ynm&Sirsm;\ pOf;pm; f wnfaqmufa&;wm0efudk EkdifiH tm;vk H ; tae\ vuf & S d t cif ; a&muf&efpwifíOD;wnf pwifa&muf&Sd/(tcsKdY aep&mrvdkawmUonfU
qifjcifcsufrS xGufay:vmjcif; om;wdkif;rQa0xrf;aqmifMu& tusif;tay:½IjrifokH;oyfcsuf? BudK;yrf;vm/(tcGifUta&; qufvufítcGifUta&; tajctaeodkha&muf
jzpf N yD ; abusif ; oabmwl n D rnhtcsetcg[líoH;oyfronf/
f df k d G f f
jyKrlaqmif&ucsursm;rSm touf rnDrQrIrsm;&SdaeqJ) awmif;qdkaeMuqJ) &Sdvm/
opinion 24
d Ykd h
tqH;k r&SvawG;cJwhJ ylaqG;0rf;enf;rI f G f
NydKieufvwvmcGiMfh uHK&jyefonf/
awGudk cHpm;
aojcif;w&m;eJh numvxuf arSmif
cGifUvTwfw,f? arUypfzkdhawmUr[kwfbl; 'DvlawGeJY ywfoufvm&if
awmh r[wår*E¨D\ pum;u
rdkufwJU trSm;awGudk cGifUvTwf trSwf&p&m/ ]]cGifhvTwfzkdYqdkwm
xm0&wnfjrr,fxif&wJU tmPmudk
J a Z 0 if ; a e m if arhypfzkdYawmhr[kwfbl;}}/ uRef
zDqef&if; awmfwYdkonf tem*wftwGuf cGifh
b,fawmUrS rajymif;vJ? rNydKvJ? f kd f
vTwEizYkd BudK;pm;&rnfxifonf/
aemifwr&wwfwJU arQmfvihfcsuf u oifykef;acsMuzkdYawmh vdkrnfxif
ol [dk;t&ifxJu awG;arQmfxm;wJU onf/ okdYayrJh arhypfzdkYawmh r
t&mudk [kwf/ uRefawmfwkdYarhrsm;aerdMu
olY&JY tysuftpD;yHkxJuaeyJ zefwD; avovm;/
vmEkdifwJUtxd 'DtaMumif;udk ajymrdawmh
cspfcif? onf;cH? arQmfvifU&JY bdk;awmf[kac:Muaom uRefawmf
tdk;? toif wkdufwef? wdkY q&mu twdwfukdjyefajymjy
þ arQmfvifUcsufonfvnf; onf/ Eleven Media Group \
*kPfoa&&Sdaom toifESifU tvm; CEO a'gufwmoef;xG#fatmif
wlyif qdkaomb0ESihf Eleven *sme,f
aumif;jrwf? BuD;us,f? aysmf&Tif? d f dk f S
rsm;\orki;rSmarhypfEirm r[kwf
vSy? vGwfajrmufayNyD/ wJh aeYwpfaeYtaMumif;jzpfonf/
þ arQmfvihfcsuf onfom b0? f
Eleven udk uReawmfra&mufao;
aysmf&TifrI? tifyg,m? atmifyGJ . . ./ aom tcsdefujzpfonf/
]yDbD&S,fvD\ y½dkrD;oD;,yfpf aESmif
wnf;rS vGwfajrmufjcif; uAsm&SnfrS} 2003 Zlvdkif 17
h
nnfeufoef;acgifausmonf f olb,fawmhrS rarhwJhaeY/
txdaeNyD; b,fawmhrS tapm Eleven rSmvkyfcJhMuwJh uRefawmhf
k
BuD;rEd;wwfaom uRefawmfxaeY kd aemifawmf? trawmfrsm;vnf;
k
u tapmBuD;Ed;aeygonf/ &S,vD f rarhwJhaeY/ ZmwfuGufqifcHcJh&
ajymcJhaom b,fawmhrS rajymif; onf/ b,forS bmrSe;rodaom l f
vJ? rNydKvJ? aemifwr&wwfwJh ZmwfuGufwpfckrSm r[kwfygbJ
arQmfvihfcsufu uRefawmhfudk Edk; k d§ Id f
fonf/awGYqHnEi;rIrsm; twGuf twpfaumifudk vTwf\/ 'kwd, &JUowif;pum;[k awG;rdonf/ y½dkrD;oD;,yfpfvGwfajrmufrI vsuf aumufxnhfcHcJh&aom "m;
Mum;apcJ h o nf [ k xif o nf / aumifrav; (The Girl)udkvnf; wpfcgwGifrl csKd;udkvTwf\/ ajccs f f f f
Nidr;csr;a&;\ oauFw? Nidr;csr; udk uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm wpfacwf pmcHawGjzpfcJh&onf/ tJ'Dwkef;u
taemufwkdif; t,ltqt& uH d
aus;Zl;wifronf/ (The Lady [k p&majrr&SdaomaMumihf csKd;onf a&;\ edrdwfyHkudkvnf; azmfusL; wpfcgu tvGefMudKufcJhMu onfh e,frSmaeonhf uRefawmfodwm
raumif ; wwf a om 13 &uf ? d f H
Ekiiwum u oHk;Muaomfvnf; avSodkYom jyefvm\/ wwd, ay;EkdifcJhonf[k xifonf/ NAdwdoQuAsmq&m yDbD&S,fvD wpfckyJ&Sdonf/ uRefawmfpdwf0if
aomMumaeY o nf jref r mEk d i f i H uRefawmfh\ wpfa,mufaom wpfacguf csK;d udk vTwjf yefaomtcg (1792-1822) u olYcHpm;csuf k J
pm;aomabmvH;yGawGeYJ uReawmf f
twGufawmh uHMur®maumif;rsm; olu a':atmif qef;pkMunfudk wGifrl oHvGif&Gufudk udkufvsuf y½dkrD;oD;,yfpfvGwfajrmufjcif; k f
twdi; uAsmq&mwpfa,muf\ cspfaom jrefrmtoif;taMumif;
udk aqmifMuOf;vmrnfhaeYjzpf cspfpEdk;ESihf The Girl [k &nfnTef; d h
csK;iSujf yefvmcJonf/ uke;ajrrSm
f vGwfajrmufrI taMumif;? vGwfvyfrIrsKd;jzifh jyefzJGUcJhonf/ G fh
awGzwfcir&awmhwmyJjzpfonf/
vmcJhNyDvm; rod/ dS
avh&ygonf/t*g&0 jzpfaeaomf tyifwkdY aygufa&mufum a&us taES m if t zG J Y rS vG w f a jrmuf r I 'DuAsm&SnftaMumif;udk Mum;zl; D
tJ'tywfu First Eleven uReawmf f
d f H
Ekiia&;tusO;om; qdaom f k vnf;ydkNyD; Ek oGm;aponf[k xif NyDudk aem{odcGihf&\/ pwkw¬ taMumif; awG;rdawmh acgif;xJ cJhonf/ tJ'DaeYurS jyef&Smzwf& kd
wkYd e,fua&mufrvm/ (&efuerm k f S
k
pum;vH;xuf,MkH unfcsuaMumifh f aomaMumihf tJ'D vdkyJ &nfnTef; onf/ em;vnfovkdcsa&;Munhf awmhawGUvdkuf&onf[k jyefvm
tusOf;uscHae&olrsm;(prisoners k
vdygonf/olYudk uReawmfxm0& f rdonf/(uAsmÓPfenf;vSaom olwcsKdUu ajymonf) aemufwpf
of conscience) [k ESpfzuftqif EkysKdapvdkygonf/) trSew&m;udk uHMur®maumif;u az;rcJonf/ odaMumifom
f U hk U aMumihf tmabmfudk iHkrdEdkifa&; ywfusawmhvnf;xGurvm/ e,f f
ajyatmifoHk;Muonf/ ,HkMunf wkdif;jynftem*wftwGuf ¦ f dk
'Duaeh Eleven onf pwkwr@dKiqaompum;udk us,f renf; BudK;pm;&onf) y½dkrD;oD; rSmu owif;awGtrsKd;rsKd;Mum;
csufaMumifh[koHk;vQif tjyifu &J&ihfaom ajcvSrf;tjzpf ordkif; ,yfpf vGwfajrmufrI ESihftwl &onf/ rkdufu,ftdk0iftzkH;eJY *sm
vlawGu ,HkMunfcsufr&Sdovdk rSwfwrf;0ifEkdifNyD[k xifrdonf/ us,favmifavmifajymEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/ 'DudpöeJh ywfoufvkdh arQmfvihfcsufonfvnf; vGwf e,fav;jyef&Smodrf;xm;rdonf/
rsm;jzpfaeovm;[k awG;rdonf/ *E¨DBuD;ajymcJUaom oabmxm; . . . ajrmufvmcJhNyD/ trS e f w &m;ud k uH M ur® m
[kwfvnf; [kwfEkdifygonf/ odkY csKd;iSufeJh oHvGif&Guf b,fawmhrSrajymif;vJ? rNydK h
aumif;u az;rcJonf/ odYkaMumihf
wnf;r[kwf ,HkMunfcsufjyif; or®musrf;? "r®a[mif;xJu h f f f
vJ?aemifwr&wJarQmvihcsuawG om 'DuaeY Eleven onf pwkw¦
xefaomaMumihf tusOff;uscHae& f S fh H G f G f
csKd;iSuEiovi&utaMumif;udk tBudrfxyfvTwfaom tcgwGif ay:vmwmu y½dkrD;oD;,yfpfjzpf J
taMumif;eJYtwl &ifxa&mufvm r@d K if q k d a ompum;ud k us,f
olrsm;[koHk;&vQif ydkaumif;rnf d f kH
edrwytjzpfawG;rdonf/ (oHvif G um; owå0gwdkY &Sifoefusufpm; onf/ y½dkrD;oD;,yfpfonf wdkuf wmu cGihfvTwfzkdY/ us,favmifavmifajymEdijf cif;jzpf k
xifonf/ uRefawmfuawmh arQmf S S fh
cufrm*&dEia&mrwdYkEifh ywfouf S Edkifaom taetxm;udk a&mufNyD wef[kac:aom *dkif,mESihf,la&; d ö
onf/ 'DupeYJ ywfoufvYdk *E¨BD uD;
vihfcsufaMumifh tusOf;uscHae& NyD;rS ygvmjcif;jzpfygonf/ "r® jzpfaomaMumihf csKd;iSufi,fonf eyfpfwkdYrS qif;oufonhf *&dewf cGifUvTwfw,fqkdwm ajymcJhaom oabmxm;udk q&m
olrsm;[k oHk;csifygonf/ a[mif;rSmuoHvi&uyjJ zpfonf)/ GfG f jyefrvmawmh/ aem{wdYkonfvnf; bk&m;rsm;xJrS wpfOD;jzpfonf/ arUypfzkdhawmUr[kwfbl; cH,lxm;onf/
f D
&S,vajymaom b,fawmhrS urÇmudk bk&m;ocifu a&vTr;f ajray:jyefvnfajccsEkdifcJhonf/ vlom;wdYkr;udk toH;cswwfatmif
D k H
wpfcgwpf&usawmh avmu ]]tm;vHk;udk cGihfvTwfEkdifyg
rajymif;vJ? rNydKvJ? aemifwr&wJh apcsdefrSm ,HkMunfol aem{u aem{twGuf pwkw¬tBudrf aqmifMuOf;ay;cJhaomaMumihf Zkpf BuD;u &,fp&mawmfawmfaumif; w,f/ 'gayrJh b,fawmhrS arhypf
arQmfvihfcsufaMumihf . . . rdom;pkrsm;? wd&pämeftxD;tr d f T
ajrmufcsK;iSuvwjf cif;onf urÇm ewfrif;BuD;\ tusOf;cscH&ol onf/ vGwfajrmufapvdkolawG rSmr[kwfbl;}} [k/
f k
trSetwdi;f ajym&vQif or®w k kH
tpHpwYkdukd avSBuD;ESiwifNyD; vGwffh ajrjyefvnf&SifoefrI\ owif; jzpfonf/ *&drSpmqdkBuD;tufqD; kd
enf;wl olwYdkuaESmifwnf;cJMh u&m cGihfvTwfw,f qdkwmonf
fh
BuD;ESiwpfNrdKUwnf;om;jzpf&jcif; ajrmufoGm;onhftaMumif; jzpf pum;jzpfcJhovkd pwkw¬tBudrf cD;vyfpuy½dr;oD;,yfptaMumif;
f kD f rSm t"duae&muygcJoawGonfh l trSm;awGudk xyfwvJvJ usL;
fD
twGu'wpfBudrrm trSewu,f fS f onf/ uke;f ajray:? ray:odvaom dk ajrmufvGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihfonf jyZmwfoHk;yk'fzGJUcJYzl;onf[k qdk vnf; twlwlaESmifwnf;cHcJh& f
vGezYkdawmhr[kwwmudk olaocsm f
0rf ; ajrmuf 0 rf ; om&S d r d j cif ; jzp aMumifh yxrwpfBudrfwGif usD; vnf; jrefrmjynfjyefvnfEkd;xrI onf/ onf/ tckawmhtaESmiftzGUJ rS wpf pmrsufESm (28) odkh
Page 25
rsufESmzkH;owif;rStquf nctions aMumifh vlwkdif;xdckduf csuftcsKdUu tm;&p&mraumif; 0o,HZmw opf? ausmufrsuf BuD;ygw,f/ 0efxkyf0efykd;jzpfap qkNd yD; aus;Zl;rwifEib;/ t"du dk f l
S
Oa&mor*¾Eihf tar&duefEif kd cHpm;&ygw,f/ 'gaMumihtjrefq;f kH ao;bl;/ wcsKdUXmeqdi&meJYp;yGm;
k f D awGqdk&if jynfyEdkifiHawGu wpf ygw,f/ Sanctions awG½yor; k f d f u'DSanctions aMumihf vkyief;awG f
iHwdkYrS jrefrmEdkifiHtay: ydwfqdkY ajzavQmhapcsifw,f/ pD;yGm;a&; qkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;awGrSm ,kefudk h D kd f H
qifa&mif;ae&vdYk tJ'Eiiu vkyf oGm;r,fqkd&ifwkd;wufrItwGuf tcuftcJjzpfw,f/ epfemrIawG
xm;onfh pD;yGm;a&; ydwfqdkYrI f I f
vkyief;awGvyomvmr,f? tcGifh rkefvmO*dka'gifapmifhckdif;ovdkrsKd; ief;&SifawGu jrefrmho,HZmweJY t[efYtwm;jzpfapwJ0efxy0efy;kd h kf trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/pD;yGm;a&;qkdwm
(Sanction)tm; ,cktcg jyefvnf tvrf;awGay:vmEkdifw,f/ EkdifiH jzpfaeao;w,f/ uRefawmfwdkY f
csr;omaeMuw,f/Oyrm-w½kw?f wpfckavsmh oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ dk f
vlwi;eJYqufpyfwtwGutay: hJ f
½kyfodrf;oifh roifhqdk onfhtay: &JUpD;yGm;a&;0efxkyf0efykd;avsmhvm taeeJYtpdk;&udk tpdk;&aumif; AD,uferf? rav;&Sm;EdkifiHawGrSm 'gaMumihf a&SUavQmufpD;yGm;a&; uaeatmuftxd tukefvHk;xd
jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;e,fy,f? Ekdifw,f/ EkdifiHjcm;vkyfief;awG wpf&yfjzpfatmifa0zefrSm jzpfo jrefrmopfukefMurf;udk tedrfhqHk; tvm;tvmawG aumif;vmEkdif d f
ckuepfemw,f/ 'gaMumihf ydwqYkd f
pD;yGm;a&;? vIrIa&;e,fy,fpHkrS trsm;BuD;0ifvmr,f/ jynfwi;pD; G f k k f
vdtwdutcHawGuvnf;twdufkd k aps;eJY0,fNyD; ukefacsmxkwfa&mif; w,f/ EkdifiHwGif;ukd jynfyt&if; dk
rIutjrefq;½kyor;apcsifw,f}}kH f d f
ynm&Sifrsm;? yg0ifvkyfaqmifae yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGtaeeJY tcGifh tcHaumif;jzpfatmif a0zefoGm; wJhtwGuf pD;yGm;jzpfw,f/ jrefrm tESD;? jyifyt&if;tESD;awGykdNyD; [k ajymMum;cJhonf/
olrsm;rS oHk;oyfcsufrsm;pGmjzifh tvrf;ukd,lEkdifzkdY tqifoihfjzpf k f
&rSmyg/ twdutcHaumif;qdwm k EdkifiHwGif;rSmusawmh opftajccH pD;0ifvmr,f/ olwYdkvmcsiatmif? f ]]uRefawmfwdkYygwDuawmh
ajymMum;cJhMuygonf/ atmifvkyfzkdYta&;BuD;vmygNyD/ S
rSm;&ifrm;wmudk &J&&if&ifh axmuf
J h hJ k f
eJYywfoufwvyief;zGUH NzdK;wmrsKd; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcsifatmifrufvHk;ay; Sanctions eJY ywfoufvdkY pD;yGm;
Oa&myor*¾taejzifh 1996 t&ifu Sanctions aMumifh pD;yGm; k
jyajymqd&vdk rSe&ifvnf; rSewm
f f avmufavmufvm;vm;jyp&mr&Sd &r,f/bPfpepfawGaumif;atmif a&;ydwfqdkYwmudk vHk;0vufrcH
S f S k f H S
ckEprpí jrefrmEdiiEihf pD;yGm;a&; f J
a&;vky&wmcufcw,fvYdkvyief; kf udk axmufczYkdvw,f/ tpd;&vkyf
H kd k ao;bl;/ Sanctions ½kywmwpfck f vkyfay;&r,f/ ukefxkwfvkyfief; bl;/ [dk;wkef;uwnf;u pvkyf
qufqHrIrsm;udk ydwfqdkYrIjyKcJhNyD; f h
&SiawGajymcJw,f/ tck Sanctions aeorQtm;vH;udk tpd;&eJYwef;wl
k k wnf;eJYawmh jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&; awG? pufrIvkyfief;awGvkyfvkdY & uwnf;uvufrcHb;/ tckvnf; l
1997 ckESpfwGif tar&duefrS vl ½kyfNyDqkd&if pD;yGm;a&;ujrefEIef; od&Sdae&r,f/ Shadow Gover- f l
ajymif;oGm;rSmr[kwb;/ Political atmifaqmif&Gufay;wmwkdY? EkdifiH vufrcHbl;/ 2011 ckESpfu jzpf
yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jcif;? tzGJYtpnf; jrihftaetxm;jzpfvmEkdifawmh ment zGJUEdkifwJhtaexm;rsKd;&Sdoifh Changes eJY Economy Changes wumuvufcHwJhOya'? vkyfxHk; ysufcJhwJhtaMumif; w&m;awG[m
wpfckjcif;\&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI topf jynfwGif;vkyfief;&SifawGtrDvkduf w,f/ tpdk;&bmvkyfaew,fqdk csdefcGifvQmnDrS&r,f/ EkdifiHa&; vkyenf;awGeYJvyEiatmifjyifqif
f k f dk f S f S
2012 ckEprm tusK;w&m;awGjzpf d
rsm;udkydwfyifcJhonf/ 2004 ck EkdifzkdYvkdygw,f/ EkdifiHawmfykdif;u wmawmifem;rvnfbeYJ a0zefae J k
tajymif;tvJwpfcwnf;a&SUa&muf ay;wmwkdYvkyfay;&r,f/ tcGef vmw,f/ Targeted Sanctions vdYk
ESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHESifhpD;yGm;a&;t vnf; Oya'ykdif;? rl0g'ykdif;? vkyf w,fqdk&if'gtwdkuftcHaumif; l
aevdYkrjzpfb;/Economy Changes udpöawG? vkyfief;pOfawGxifom ajymajymolwkdYwifrubl;/ jynf
&qufqHrItm;vHk;udk &yfqkdif;ypf olawGudk wdkuf½dkufaomfvnf;
cJhonf/tar&duefor®wbm&uf aumif;? oG,f0dkufíaomfvnf;
tdkbm;rm;u 2010 jynfhESpf ar kd f
aumif;xdcuapygw,f/uReawmf f
wGifta&;,lydwfqdkYrIrsm;ouf wdkYygwDtaeeJYuawmh jynfoludk
wrf;wkd;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ xdcdkufapr,fhb,fvdktaMumif;
]]Sanctions awGukd Ediiwi; k f H G f ö k
udprqdqefYusiygw,f}}[k wdi; f k f
wdk;wufrIawGeJYtnD wpfqifhNyD; &if;om;pnf;vk;nDnwa&;ygwDrS H G f
wpfqifh avsmhayghapoifygw,f}} h OD;[efa&Tu ajymMum;cJhonf/
[k trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf d
trsK;om;'Drua&pDtzGUJ csKyf kd
A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU Ouú| obmywdtzGJU0if OD;0if;wifu
a':atmifqef;pkMunfu Zefe0g f
]]uReawmfwYkduawmh uReawmfwYkd f
&D v 15 &uf a eYwG i f ol r \ wpfavQmufv;ajymaewJtwdi;yJ Hk h k f
aetdrfü jyifopfrD'D,mrsm;ESihf uRefawmfajymcsifygw,f/ bmvJ
H
awGUqk&mwGif xnfoi;ajymMum; h G f qdkvdkY&Sd&if wdkif;jynfrSm jzpfaewJh
cJhonf/ hf
vlYtcGita&;csKd;azmufrupawG? I d ö
]]ydwfqdkYta&;,lrIqdkwm olY 'Drdkua&pDa&; tcGifhta&;ydwfqdkY
tvdkvdk rdk;ay:u usvmwm r G f f
rIawG? jynfwi;Nidr;csrf;a&; wdi; k f
[kwfygbl;/ taMumif;aMumifh t &if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;eJY vufeufuif kd
usKd; jzpfvmwmyg/ w&m;awmf y#d y u© j zpf a ewmawG y aysmuf
jrwftwdkif;/ 'gaMumifh ydwfqdkY d l k
oGm;jcif;r&Sb;qd&if 'D Sanctions
ta&;,lrIqdkwJh tusKd;w&m;udk awGu ta&;,lxm;wJh[mawG
S
z,f&m;csif&if taMumif;w&m;udk k f
xH;vkyenf;yki;awGutcsdeuuf
d f dk f dk jrifomjzpfatmif? rQwatmifvkyf awmh ½kyfodrf;zdkY roifhbl;vdkY xif
f
rodcsiatmifraqmifygeJYvYkd ajym jyifqifajymif;vJay;zkdYvkdw,f/ acgif;aqmifydkif;u 'Drdkua&pDeJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;vdkh b,fvdkyJ ay;zkdYvkdw,f/ wpfzufrSmvnf; w,f/ ½kyfodrf;r,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if
csifygw,f/ taMumif;w&m;udk f
Sanctions ½kyayr,hf Ekii&UpD;yGm; d f H J jyifyutiftm;BuD;vkyief;awG0if f vnf; tJ'DckeuajymwJh vlYtcGifh
z,f&m;zdYk twGuq&ifawmh uRef
S f kd a&;tcif;tusif;u raumif;&if ajymajym? qif;&JwJUjynfolawGynmrwwfwJU jynfolawGu vmr,fhtwGufjynfwGif;vkyfief; ta&; csKd;azmufrIawG? 'Drdkua&
H kf
awmfwYkdtm;vk;0di;0ef;ulnaqmif D jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI0ifrSmr[kwf awGtaeeJY ,SOfEkdifNydKifEkdifatmif pDa&; ydwfqdkYrIawG? wdkif;&if;om;
&Guay;Ediygw,f}}[k 88rsK;quf
f k f d d dk f hH D
ovkEiip;yGm;a&;vnf;wk;wuf d
trsm;pkjzpfae&if 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHjzpfrvmEdkifygbl; . . . vkyfxm;zkdYta&;BuD;w,f tpkd;& vufeufudkify#dyu©awG? 'gawG
ausmif ; om;rsm;\ yxrqH k ; rSmr[kwfbl;/ olwkdYt"duMunhf d f G f f
yki;uvnf;jynfwi;vkyief;awG avsmhyg;oGm;wmeJYtrQ 'D Sanc-
owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif udkrif; wJhtcsufwpfcsufjzpfwJh EkdifiHa&; b,f[kwfrvJ/ rSefrSefuefuef twGufqdk&ifESpfrsKd;xyf&w,f/ dS wkd;wufzkdY tm;ay;yHhykd;ay;oihf tions awGbufu avQmhcsa&;udk
udkEdkifu ajymMum;cJhygonf/ wnfNidrfrIuawmh tcktvm;t kd f S f
a0zefEiNf yD; rSereuefuefvrf;jy External Economy Changes eJY In- w,f}}[k oHk;oyfcJhonf/ vnf; wdk;jr§ifhvmrSmyJvdkY uRef
EkdifiHawmfor®w\ pD;yGm; vmaumif;aeNyD/ wjcm;tcGefwkdY G f kf
aqmif&uay;Edi&r,f/ 'gtwduf k ternal Economy Changes qdNk yD;&Sd k
uarÇmZbPf'Ouú| OD;oef; awmfwdkY tJvdkyJajymcJhygw,f/ tJ
a&;tMuH a y;tzJ G U acgif ; aqmif pGrf;tif&&SdrIwkdYu &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHol tcHaumif;yJ/ tpdk;&aumif;awG w,f/ tck Sanctions ½kyfw,fqdk vGifu]]jrefrmEkdifiHukd csrSwfxm; 'Dtwdkif;yJ uRefawmfwdkY'DaeYtxd
OD;jrihfu]]Sanction ½kyfodrf;zkdYvkyf awGukd rqJGaqmifEkdifao;bl;/ k
vdtyfovdtwdutcHaumif;awG
k k f kf
wm jyifyupD;yGm;a&;qdi&majymif; wJhpD;yGm;a&;ydwfqkdYrIawG½kyfodrf; tJ ' D t wd k i f ; yJ ,l q ygw,f /
vmwm aumif;wJhvu©Pmyg/ dk f H f
wpfEiiv;Hk vQyppfo;Hk pJr&mckiEe; GI dfIf vdtyfygw,f/twdutcHaumif;
k k f vJrIwpfckjzpfw,f/ Top Down ay;oifhygNyD/tcktusOf;om;awG or®wBuD;u aeNyD;awmh tckvdk
ydwfxm;wmxuf zGihfxm;wmykd u 22&mckdifEIef;yJ&Sdao;wJhEkdifiHrSm jzpfrS wpfcsdefrSmtpdk;&aumif; ajymif;vJrIwpfckwnf;eJY r&bl; vnf;vTwfNyD;NyD/ wkdif;&if;om; wdkufwGef;wmawGeJY ywfoufNyD;
aumif;wmaygh/ qufqHa&;awG f f
vkyief;vky&ifvQyppfb,fvay; f dk S
jzpfrmyg}} [k Eleven Media Group Bottom Up ajymif;vJrIvnf;jyK awGeJYvnf; Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG; uRefawmfwdkYu Mum;&w,f/ tJ
wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmrSmjzpfyg rSmvJvkdY EkdifiHjcm;vkyfief;awGu \ CEO a'gufwmoef;xG#atmif f rS Sanctions ½kyjf cif;eJYtwl jrefrmh aew,f/wjcm;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; J S
'Dxrm xl;jcm;wJtcsuu aemuf h f
w,f/ pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufvmEkdif pOf;pm;rSmyJ/ 'gaMumihf tpkd;&ykdif; u ajymMum;cJhygonf/ pD ; yG m ;a&;ajymif ; vJ r S m yg}} [k f
awGvnf; vkyaqmifaewmawGU& aMumif; rjyefawmhbl;qdkwmudk
w,f/ EkdifiH&JU pD;yGm;a&;ajymif;vJ taeeJY tajccHtaqmuftODukd ]]Sanctions uawmh taMumif; UMFCCI \ wGJzuftaxGaxG w,f/ NyD;awmh 'Drkdua&pDeJY aps; tmrcHw,faygh/ tJ'gtwGuf
a&;rSm taxmuftuljzpfaprSmyg/ EkdifiHwumwef;rDtatmift&Sdef &SdNyD;jzpfvmwmaygh/ 'gayr,fh twGif;a&;rSL; OD;at;vGifu ajym uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfusihfoHk;zkdYBudK; uRefawmfwdkY bmyJajymajym tJ'g
wu,fwrf;ajym&&ifSanction ½kyf t[kefjr§ihfvkyfaqmifoihfw,f/ tckvdk EdkifiHa&;tajymif;tvJ Mum;cJhygonf/ h dk f H
pm;aewJEiiwpfcjk zpfygw,f/ w onfyifvQif ta&;BuD;wJhavQmh
wmyJjzpfjzpf? r½kyfao;wmyJjzpf aemufNyD; EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI aMumifh jyefzGifhoifhNyD/ jyefzGifhwm EkdifiHawmfor®wtMuHay; u,fwrf;ajym&&ifw½kweYJA,uf f D ayghcsufwpfck jzpfw,fvdkY uRef
jzpf EkdifiH&JU pD;yGm;a&;jyKjyifajymif; Oya'? aiGvJEIef;? tcGefEIef;eJY k
udk BudKqdw,f/ wdi;jynftwGuf k f a'gufwmaeZifvwfu]]tusOf; erfwkdYxufawmifomao;w,f/ awmfwYkdowfrwygw,f/ okYdaomf S f
vJrIuawmh trsm;BuD;qufvkyf pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'ykdif;ajymif;vJrIawG epfemvdYk yg/ wpfu,fawmh Sanc- uscHae&olawG vTwfay;wmwkdY? pepft&omw,f?a&SUa&mufw,f/ or®wBuD;ajymwmeJY [kwf&JUvm;
zkdYvkdao;w,f/ qufvkyfoGm;zkdY d f f
ukd EkiijH cm;vkyief;&SiapmihMf unhff tions aMumifOpen pD;yGm;a&;rjzpfyJ
h wkdif;&if;om;tzJGUtpnf;awGeJY jyKjyifajymif;vJaewJhajcvSrf;awG vdkY trsm;BuD;ar;cGef;ar;p&mawG
d
vnf;&Sw,f/ pepfawG?Oya'awG? k d
aew,fvYdo&w,f}}[kqygonf/ kd Permit pD;yGm;a&;jzpfom;wJtwGuf G h Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;wmwkdYukd jyK t& bmaMumihfwpfqihfcsif;avQmh d
&Saer,fvYkduReawmfu xifw,f}} f
rl0g'awGajymif;vJzkdYvkyf&rSmawG ]]EdkifiHa&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrIeJY EdkifiHrSm Semi Goverment awG vkyfaewmaMumihf tar&duefeJY O ay;&rSmvJ/ vHk;0ukdrydwfqkdYoifh [k ajymMum;cJhonf/
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&Saew,f/t&if d pD;yGm;a&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrIqdkwm D
ay:vmNyD; tJ'tzGUJ awGukd rScvyf D kd k a&mytygt0if EkdifiHwumucs awmhb;/ 'DSanctions aMumihwi;
l f dk f ]]EdkifiHa&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI eJY
h hJ dk d
urSm;cJwq;usK;awGutaumif; dk tNydKifoGm;&ygw,f/ wpfckcku udkifwJh tcGifhxl;cHtvTmay:vmcJh rSwxm;wJywqYdkrawG½yor;vm
f hd f I kf df S
jynfrmepfemwmtrsm;BuD;&Sw,f/ d pD;yGm;a&;jyKjyifajymifvrI wpfajy; J
bufukda&mufatmifOD;wnfjyif usef c J h & if arS m uf & uf v J w wf w,f/ t&nftcsif;trSefeJYwuf rSmyg/ wpfOD;wnf;tjrift&ajym kf
bPfvyief;u@eJYyajym&ifawmifJ nDjzpfzdkYvdkw,f/ tck EdkifiHa&;
qifoGm;EkdifzkdYvkyf&rSmyg/ tckcsdef w,f/ wpfzufuvnf; twdkuf vmwJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGtm; &&if {NyDvrwkdifcif ydwfqkdYrI f I
ydwqYdk raMumihf tqihqifvyae f h k f ajymif;vJrIu a&SUa&mufwJho
xd EkdifiHwum&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItuJ tcHawGzufu pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdkYrI k
vH;usyfwnf;oGm;w,f/ 'Dvvyf kd k awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ajzavQmhNyD;jzpf &w,f / aiG u k e f a Mu;usyk d r sm; abmaqmifaewJhwGuf pD;yGm;a&;
jzwfcsufawGrSm jrefrmu atmuf f d f
½kyor;a&;ulnaqmif &Guaeo D f ief;&SifawGusyfwnf;awmh vkyf r,fvkdY,lqygw,f/wpfqihfcsif; w,f/ pifumylu UOB bPfqkd aemufususeae&ifjyóemaygif; f
em;rSmyJ&Sdaewmqkdawmh pD;yGm;a&; vdk wpfzufuvnf; pD;yGm;a&; f
ief;&SiawGtay:rScae&wJtajccH D dk h yJajzavQmhwmyJjzpfjzpf csufcsif; &if jrefrmjynfubPfawGaMumihf pHkjzpfvmrSm pdk;&drfrdw,f/ 'g
jyKjyifajymif;vJrIukd t&Sdeft[kef tajccHaumif;awG? jyKjyifrawGukd I vkyfom;awGtwGuf tvkyfopfr jzKwfay;wmjzpfjzpf b,fenf;rqkd bDvsHeJYcsDNyD;jrwfw,f/ 0efaqmif aMumifh Sanctions udk tvsitjref f
jr§ihfNyD;qufvufaqmif&GufzkdY&Sdyg tpdk;&uaqmif&Gufoifhygw,f/ D
zefw;ay;Ediovdtvkytudit k f k f k f aumif;ygw,f/ jrefjrefqefqef cukd eihfaeatmif,lw,f/ Sanc- ½kyfodrf;oifhygw,f}}[k pma&;q
w,f}}[k oHk;oyfcJhygonf/ pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI cGifhvrf;enf;NyD; wdkif;jynfqif;&J jzpf&ifawmhykdaumif;ygw,f/ 'g tions aMumifh wkduf½kdufrcsdwfEkdif &m a'gufwm cifarmifndKu oHk;
ygarmu©a':vSjrihfu ]]Sa- qdkif&m rl0g'tcsKdUeJYvkyfaqmif oGm;w,f/ 'Dxufq;dk wmuobm aMumihjf zpfaewJh epfemrIu yrmP wmukd pifumylbPfuulnw,f D pmrsufESm (26) odkh
Page 26
pmrsufESm (25) rStquf Sanctions ½kwfr,fqdk&if ½kwfEdkif uvnf; 'Drdkua&pDeJUtom;rus awGtay:xdcdkufrI&Sdw,fqdkwm aomfvnf; wpfckpOf;pm;&rSmu 'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfacgif;aqmif
oyfcJhygonf/ r,fh tcsuftvufawGay:xGuf ao;vdkYaygh/ tcsdefawmh,l&tHk; aumif;aumif;BuD;,HkMunfw,f/ sanctions onf tajymif;tvJ a':atmifqef;pkMunfeSifhawGUqHk
]]vuf&SdjrefrmEkdifiHrSm jzpfae vmNyDvYkd ajymvdYk &w,f/'gayr,fh r,f}}[k rEÅav;NrdKUae EdkifiHa&; vufvnf;vufcHw,f/ Oyrm wpfcktwGuf wGef;tm;vnf; jzpf cJhaomtar&duef &DywfyvDuif
wmu education eJY knowledge kf
wdi;jynfqif;&J&wm[mSanctions e,fy,frS OD;odef;oef;OD;uajym yJavmuu qHk;&Hl;rIawGudkjyef G f
aew,f/'Dwe;tm;wpfcuvnf; k G f
txufvwawmftrwfrufaumf
Mum;rSm Gap jzpfaew,f/Gap aMumifhygvdkYawmh ajymvdkYr&bl;/ Mum;cJhonf/ Munfh&ifvnf; odEdkifw,f/ [dk vdkaewJh taetxm;&Sdw,f/ 'D e,f\ ajymMum;csuft&rl EdkifiH
jzpfvmwmuvnf; taMumif;&Sd e*dkuwnf;utpdk;&tqufquf ]]tpdk;&zGJUwmvnf; wpfESpf wkef;u yJudkukrÜPDtBuD;tao; twGuf jzpfvmcJhwmqdkawmhusef awmfor®wOD;odef;pdeftm; ppfrSef
w,f / industry rzG H Y Nzd K ;awmh azmufjyefrSm;,Gif;wJh pD;yGm;a&; jynfhawmhr,f/ pD;yGm;a&;ydkif;rSm tukefvHk; ydkUMuw,f/ aemufydkif; &Sdaeao;wJh EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om; aom reformer wpfOD;taejzifh
ausmif;om;ausmif;olawGtaeeJY h
rl0g'awGaMumifqif;&Jwi;eufae Gf vnf; acgif;wGJuyJoGm;aeNyD; sanction awGrsm;vmawmh ukrPD Ü H h
awG tarhctqifeUJ &yfraeyJvwf G h
tjynft0,HMk unfaMumif; or®w
avhvm&wmrvG,fulbl;/ 2015 &wm/txl;ojzifh Crony Capi- awmh aemufuwGJawGvdkufzdkYvdk J k f kd f
tBuD;BuD;awGyvyEiawmhw,f/ ajrmufvmzdkU? wdkif;&ifom;udpö ESifhawGUqHkNyD;aemufydkif;owif;
rSm AFTA vmawmh zGifhcsvdkuf& talism qdkwJh rsufESmBuD;&m[if; aeao;w,f/ 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&&JU t"duuawmh letter of Credit zGihf awGrD'D,mvGwfvyfcGifhyDyDjyif axmufrsm;tm;ajymMum; cJhonf
r,fh tcsdefrSmudk,fhbufu rusef zwfygabmf'gu@pD;yGm;a&;pepf xHk;pHtwdkif; 6 v odkYr[kwf wpf D
vdUk r&vdUk / tJ'awmh ukrPawGuÜ D jyif&zdkU ausmif;om;or*jzpfvm d dS
[ko&&onf/ tvm;wljrefrmEdiiH kf
h
cJatmifawmh&wJtajctaeeJYvyf h k awG? vuf0g;MuD;tkyftcGifhxl;cH ESpjf ynf&ifuufbeufukd ydrouf
h d k kd G wpfcgpifumylrSm? a[mifaumif zdkU? pDwef;vSnfhv,fcGifh Oya' tay:uefUowfxm;aom pD;yGm;
zkdYvdkaew,f/ Sanctions ½kyfwmr h J
tzGUJ tpnf;awGaMumify/ olwYkd &UJ vufwJh tpdk;&tzGJUrsKd;jzpfatmif rSm udk,fydkifukrÜPDawG oGm;zGifh& awGjy|mef;EdkifzdkUpwJh 'Drdkua& f
a&;ydwqUkd rIrsm;ESihf ywfoufvQif
½kyfodrf;wmxuf HR udk develop rSm;,Gif;wJh pD;yGm;a&;pepfawG Reshuffle jyefvkyfoifhw,f/ pD; w,f/ tJ'DrSmwif transistion 'DpHEIef;awG&SdvmzdkUvdkaeygw,f/ rlvmrnfh {jyDvMum;jzwfa&G;
jzpfatmifvyxm;&r,f/ resource k f aMumifhysufpD;wm/uRefawmfhtae yGm;a&;eJYywfoufwJhrl0g'awG JG
aumufytNyD;wGif jzpfvmEdip&m k f
rSm vlwifr[kwfbl;/ taqmuf eJUuawmh 'Dtajctae[m Sanc- vnf;ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif jyefoHk; e*dkuwnf;u tpdk;&tqufqufazmufjyefrSm;,Gif;wJU &SdaMumif;t&dyftjrGufajymMum;
k kd f k
ttHyi;udvnf; yHy;dk &r,f/ Sanc- h tions awG ½kyfodrf;zdkYtajccHawG oyfoifhw,f/ vkyfEdkifpGrf;r&SdwJh oGm;cJhonf[k od&Sd&onf/
tions ½kyfvdkufvdkY enf;ynmawG ay:aygufvmNyDvdkYjrifygw,f/ olawGtpm; vkyfEdkifpGrf;&SdwJhol G
pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'awGaMumifU qif;&Jwi;f eufae&wm/ txl;ojzifU ,if;taejzifh pHowfrwcsuf S f
0ke;ueJ0ifvmcsermud,bufu
f d f S k hf ajymif ; vJ r vm;rajymif ; vJ b l ; awGudk tpm;xdk;oifhw,f/ 'ght Crony Capitalism qdkwJU rsufESmBuD;&m[if;zwfyg oHk;cktm; csjycJhjyD; eHywfwpft
f h
useraecJatmifawmh jyifqifxm; vm;qdkwmuawmh apmifhMunfh& jyif A[dkbPfvdk? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI aejzifhvmrnfh{jyDv Mum;jzwf
zdkYvdkygw,f}}[kvnf;aqmufvkyf ygr,f/ Sanctions ½kwfr,fqdk&if aumfr&Sifvdk pD;yGm;a&;twGuf t abmf'gu@pD;yGm;a&;pepfawG? vuf0g;BuD;tkyftcGifUxl;cHtzGJY a&G;aumufyGJ usif;yonfhtcsdef
a&;ynm&S i f O D ; apmaxG ; aZmf u awmh ½kwfoifhwJhtajctaeudk a&;ygwJhae&mawG 'gawG[m Po- tpnf;awGaMumifhyJ/ olwdkh&JY rSm;,Gif;wJU pD;yGm;a&;pepfawG wGif tjynfjynfqdkif&mavhvm
ajymMum;cJhonf/ a&mufaeNyD/ EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESH litical post r[kwfbl;? Technical apmifhMunfholrsm;tm;cGifhjyKay;
]]sanctions [m qif;&JrGJaw S D
rIeUJ ywfoufvYkd 'Drm&if;ES;jr§KyfErIHS post awG j zpf w J h t wG u f ynm aMumifU ysufpD;wm/ uRefawmfUtaeeJhuawmU 'Dtajctae[m &ef? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;ESifh
rIudkwGef;tm;ay;w,f/ jyD;awmh d
Oya'&Sw,f/ tJ'geJU rvHavmuf k &SifawGcefYoifhw,f/ Xmeqdkif&m typftcwf&yfpJ&efESifh ajrmuf
ukrÜPDtao;av; awGomrefpD; k f hJ
bl;/t"duajymEdiwtcsuawGu f awGrmvnf; vlreae&mrSecsxm;
S S f f
Sanctions awG½kyfodrf;zdkh tajccHawGay:aygufvmNyDvdkh udk&D;,m;ESifh qufqHa&;wdkUtm;
yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawGudk xdcdkuf ajr,meJY ywfoufjyD; 1947 rSm zdkYvdktyfw,f/ Oyrm-taumuf jrifygw,f . . . &yfwefU&efponfh pHoyfrSwfcsuf
apw,f/ ,SOdjydKifEdkifrIrJhapw,f/ hJ d
uefYowfwOya'&Sw,f/1987rSm cGef? tcGefOD;pD;? wpfu,fhpD;yGm; rsm; tm;xnfhoGif;ajymMum;oGm;
ukefoG,frIudktwm;tqD; jzpfap 'gawGjzpfvm&if sanctions qdwm k cJhaMumif;ESifh,if;pHrsm;ESifhnDnGwf
w,fqawmh wdi;jynf&UJ pD;yGm;a&;
kd k f &SdrSmawmifr[kwfawmhygbl;/tck ygu pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdkUrIudk y,f
wd;wufrukd t[efUtwm;jzpfap
k I qdk&if ta&;t&mudpöawGtay: zsufay;EdkifaMumif; a':atmif
w,fqdkayrJh sanctions udktar&d Oyrm rl0g'w&yfcsrSwfjyD; vTwf qef;pkMunf\ tMuHnPfvnf;
uefu &kwfodrf;r,f qdk&ifawmh awmfa&m? executive level rSmvkyf &,l o G m ;rnf j zpf a Mumif ; ajym
olwUkd oyfrwxm;wJh pHEe;awGeUJS f I f dS
aewmawG&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh t Mum;cJhonf[kod&Sd&onf/
udkufnDrSyJay;rSmyg/ EdkifiHa&;t& ay:uvkyfaeayr,fh atmufajc ]]jyKjyifajymif;vJrIawGudk ,Hk
H kd f hJ
vufcEiwajz avsmrawGvy&if h I k f rSm t&ifu&SdcJhwJh AsL½dkua&pDt d f I d
Munfpwcsrr&Sao;bl;vdYkqonfh kd
pD;yGm;a&;t& ajzavsmhrIawGolU wdkif; oGm;aew,f/ olwdkU tusdK; wdkifatmif pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;
bmomolvkyfvmrSmyg/ NyD;awmh pD;yGm;xdcdkufrSmpdk;&drfaewmvnf; wufrIudk tm;ay;zdkY Sanction ½kyf
EdkifiHa&;eJY pD;yGm;a&;qdkwm ESpfck &Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifhatmufajcrSm oifhfaeygNyD/ pD;yGm;a&;ajymif;vJ
vHk;NydKifwlvkyfrS&rsmyg/ wbuf vnf; vufawGUususvkyfEdkifzdkU rIawG rvkyfzl;qdk&if EdkifiHa&;t
u sanctions r&S d r S v nf ; yd k N yD ; vdktyfygw,f/ 'gqdk&if edkifiHa&; ajymif;tvJawGu ajcwkyfNyD;vJ
wdkif;jynfpD;yGm;a&;tm;aumif; rSm wdk;wufaumif;rGefwJh jrifom oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ acgif;aqmifydkif;
vmrSmyg}}[k pD;yGm;a&;ESifh EdkifiH wJh tajymif;tvJjzpf&if pD;yGm;a&; u'Drdkua&pDeJY Nidrf;csrf;a&;vdkY
a&;qdkif&muRrf;usifolwpfOD;u t& qef&Sifu tvkdvdkygoGm;rSm b,fvdkyJajymajym? qif;&JwJhjynf
oHk;oyfjycJhonf/ yg}}[k obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh pD; olawGynmrwwfwJhjynfolawG
]]88 vlxk'Drdkua&pDta&; yGm;a&;qdkif&muRrf;usifolwpfOD; utrsm;pkjzpfae&if 'Drdkua&pD
awmfyHkucscJhwJhtrsdK;om;EdkifiH d
jzpfol Eco Dev rS OD;0if;rsK;olu k f k f
EdiijH zpfrvmEdiygbl;}}[k Eleven
a&;vrf ; pOf u 'D r d k u a&pD a &;? oHk;oyfjyygonf/ Media Group \ CEO a'gufwm
jidrf;csrf;a&;eJYtrsKd;om;aoG;pnf; jyefNyD;rGrf;rHw,f/ ra&TUajymif; a&;eJY ywfoufwJh wHcg;apmifhae cost awGwufvma&m/ukrÜPDt tvm;wlyifNyD;cJhonfh Zefe oef;xG#fatmifu oHk;oyfajym
nDnGwfa&;pwJh tvHoHk;vuf EdkifwJhypönf;uefYowfwJhOya'&Sd S
&mawGrmwpfu,fut&nftaoG;
kd ao;awGu rwwfEdkifawmhbl;/ 0g&Dv 16 &ufaeUwGif jrefrmEdkif Mum;cJhygonf/
aygh/ tJ'gtrsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;vrf; w,f/&SdwJhtcgrSm EdkifiHjcm;om; jynfh0NyD;awmh ukd,fusifhw&m; LC zGiwmrSmvnf;,l½eUzGiw,f
hf kd J hf iHodkY vma&muf cJhjyD;trsdK;om; owif;t,f'wmtzGYJ
D
pOfyJ/ 'Drdkua&pDazmfaqmifw,f awGtaeeJUajrydkifcGifhr&Sdbl;/wpf f
aumif;rGew?hJ avmboufum, ú a':vmjyefajymif;w,f/ a':vmu
qdkwJh Step wpfckrSm t"dutae f
ESpxufausmfNyD;iSm;&rf;vdYk r&bl;/ enf;wJh olawG? rQrQwwvkyfvdk aiGjrefrmaiGjyefajymif;w,f/ tJ'D
eJUawmif;wmwpfckuEdkifiHa&;t tJ'DtcgrSmolwdkYu 'DrSmtMuD;t wJhqE´&SdwJholawGudk oufqkdif&m rSmtqifhqifhjzpfaeawmh transi-
usOf;om;awGvGwfay;zdkYyJ/ tck us,fvmNyD; Estate vkyfwJhtay: XmeawG? Xmeqdkif&mtBuD;tuJ k kfIf
tional cost u oH;&mcdiEe;avmuf
aemufqHk;tcsdefrSm awmfawmfrsm; rSmb,fvkd tmrcHcsu&r,fqwm f dS kd ae&mawGrSm aoaocsmcsmpdpdppf &SdoGm;w,f/ 'DtxJrSm aiGaMu;
rsm;vGwfoGm;NyD/ ta&;BuD; vl rodbl;/ wduswJhpD;yGm;a&;Oya' ppfa&G;cs,fcefYxm;oifhw,f/ w twuftusaMumifh qH;½H;ogm;wJh k I
yk*¾dKvftrsm;pkvGwfoGm;NyD/enf; d l f
awGr&Sb;/tcGeOya'u b,fvkd jcm;pD;yGm;a&;eJYywfoufwJh ukef yrmPrygao;bl;/ ukrPtao; Ü D
enf;yJusefawmhw,f/100&mEIef; ,lrSmvJ/ tjrwftcGefu b,fvdk f
oG,a&;vdk XmeawG? ae&mawGrm S f kd
awGrvkyeiMf ubl;/ud,yia&mif; k f kd f
vdkYrajymEdkifayr,fh pdwfauseyfp vk y f r S m vJ / tJ ' D t ajccH t csuf f k
ynm&SiawGukd ydcefYxm;zdYk 'Dxuf aewmuaeukrÜPDtBuD;BuD;awG
&mwpfpHkwpf&m&SdvmNyD/yGifhyGifh tvufawG&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;&SdzdkY ydkae&may;zdkYvdkygw,f/ Political qDudkyJay;vdkuf&w,f/ tJ'Drsm
vif;vif;ajym&&if apmapmur,Hk vdkygao;w,f/tJ'DtwGufEdkifiH post jzpfwJh 0efBuD;ae&mawGudk d f I
wifvrvnfrawG? tvGo;pm;rI J kH
bl;/ 'gayr,fhtckaemufqHk; rif; jcm;u wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI rcefYxm;&ifawmif? nTefMum;a&; awGvmawmhwmyJ/ jyD;awmhtck
udkEdkiftygt0iftrsm;pkudk vGwf awGuvmzdkYcsdefawmh csdefMurSmyJ/ rSL;csKyfawGnTefMum;a&;rSL;awGae pifumylrSmjzpfwJh [Gef'Dudpqdk&if ö
k f
vduawmh Ediia&;tusOf;om;eJU k f H vmwmaumif;w,f/ BudKvnf; &mrSm ynm&SifawGydkcefYxm;oifh f D G hf
vnf; t,fvpzir&vdUk [Ge'ukd f D
ywfouf&if Majority awmhvGwf BudKqdkw,f}}[k rEÅav;NrdKUae w,f/ a&SUavQmufEdkifiHwumeJY k
tm;ud;&wm/ aemufyivrvnf kd f d f
d
oGm;NyD/ 'kw,wpfcsuuNidr;csr; f f f EdkifiHa&;e,fy,frS OD;odef;oef;OD; ydkrdkqufqH&awmhr,f/ tckEdkifiH rI jzpfvmwmyJ/ aemufwpfcku
a&;eJYywfouf&iftrsm;pkujynf uajymMum;cJhonf/ D f
wumuvmawmhr,f/ &if;ES;jr§KyEHS f
ywf0ef;usia&;&mawGuygxdcuf kd kd
axmif p k t qif h a qG ; aEG ; a&;ud k ]]EdkifiHa&;eJY pD;yGm;a&;jyKjyif rIawGvmawmhr,f/ wpfu,fawmh vmw,f/ pm;p&mr&SawmxJom; d G
a&mufaeNyD/ autdkifateJYawmif I kd kd f H
ajymif;vJrq&ifEiia&;uawmif rlawG csnf;yJjyifvdkYr&bl; vlawG f
vdyzrf;? owÅm0gawGzrf;wefz;&Sd kd
19 &ufaeYuawGYNyD aMunmcsuf k
a&SUudtawmfa&mufaew,fvYkajym d yg jyif&r,f/ cdkifrmwJhpD;yGm;a&; wJh species awGqHk&HI;ukefw,f/
f
xGuvmNyD/typftcwf&yfr,fvYkd &r,f/ jrpfqHkuaetusOf;om; rl0g'awGvJqGJ&r,f/ abmvHk;t aemufqHk;awmxJrSmr&rS rav;
rygao;ayr,fh qdk;&Gm;oGm;wm awGvTwfay;wJhtxd bmrSrMum oif;vdkyJ vuf&Sdtoif;eJYawmh wdkU xdkif;wdkYxGufukefMuwmyg/
awGrygatmifxdef;odrf;r,fvdkY vdkufbl;/ajymif;wm awmhajymif; r&bl ; }} Eleven Media Group 'Dawmh sanctions ujynfoawG&UJ l
ygvmwJhtwGuf jidrf;csrf;a&;t aeNyD/ odkYaomftay:rSm ajymif; \CEO a'gufwmoef;xG#atmif f aepOfb0awGtay:rSmoufa&muf
kH
wGuf wpfpwpf&mvIy&m;vmNyDvYkd f S ayr,fhatmufrSmbmrS ajymif;vJ u oHk;oyfajymMum;cJhygonf/ wJhtwGuf sanctions r&Sdbl;qdk&if
ajymvdkY&w,f/ 'DtajctaerSm rvmwmawG&Sdaeao;w,f/ 'g ]]Sanctions u qif;&Jom; 'Db0awGaumif;vmEdiw,f/ odUk k f
Page 28
13-1-2012 aeY[m tifr aysmfw,f/ 'gayrJh orD;av;u f
xdweYJ apmifBh udKaeMuwJjh rifui; G f vHk;nGwfrwwf&SdNyD; cGyfa'gif; csKyfoGm;wJh tpdk;&rsKd;awGvnf; udkEkdifwdkY vli,ftm;vHk;u olwdkY
T f
wef0rf;ajrmufaysmf&ip&maumif; kd d f
awmhoYl upr;aeao;w,fvYkdajym awG r suf p d x J j yef j rif v mw,f / tvHawGvnf; avrSm wzsyfzsyf trsm;BuD ; &S d c J h z l ; ygw,f / bm l
[m ygwDraxmifb;? a&G;aumuf
wJhaeYjzpfw,f/ EkdifiHwpf0ef;vHk; wmMum;vdkuf&awmh &ifxJrSm r udk,f&Smaeoludk awGUvdkuf&wJh vGifhysHaeMuawmhw,f/ h J kd
aMumifvqawmh vuf&urÇmEiiH dS h dk f yGJr0ifbl;/ jynfolawG&JU ta&;
u jynfoltm;vHk;vnf; tkef; aumif;bl;/ qkdYoGm;w,f/ udk,f tcg olwdkYrsufESmawGay:rSm 0rf; wkdif;rSm usifhoHk;aewJh 'Drdkua&pD udpörSeforQudk jynfolawG&JU a&SU
tkef;uRufuRufjzpfatmifaysmf vnf; olYvdkESpfcgMuHKzl;cJhwmudk;/ omjcif;eJY 0rf;enf;jcif;cHpm;rI onf;onf;vIyfatmifcspfMu u ]udk,fpm;jyK'Drkdua&pD} pepf u&yfNyD; qufvufaqmif&uom; G f G
kd f
Muw,f/ 'Dvaysmp&maumif;wm dfS
yxrtBurrmom;udk oH;vt&G,f
k ESpfrsKd;wpfNydKifwnf;jzpfay:vm rif;udkEkdifcrsmtdrfjyefc&D;udk jzpfw,f/ udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk r,fvdkY ajymMuwmudk Mum;&
rsKd;urÇmay:u b,fEkdifiHb,f eJYxm;cJh&w,f/ 'kwd,tBudrfus wmudk t&trd½dkuf,lxm;EkdifwJh taomhESifroGm;Ekdifbl;/ jynfol jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufNyD; awmh trsm;BuD ; pd w f c srf ; om
vlrsKd;rS cHpm;zl;vdrfhr,fr[kwf awmhorD;u 10 vorD;/ ESpfawG "mwfyHkq&m&JU vuf&m"mwfyHkpm awGu [dkuxGufwm;? 'DuxGuf vTwfawmfxJydkYvdkufayr,fh udk,f oGm;w,f/
bl;vdkY awG;Munfhrdw,f/ tMumBuD;aerS jyefawGUMu&awmh tkyfudk aowåmawGxJrSm jyef&Sm wm;eJY wpfwm;wnf;wm;aeMu pm;vS,fawG[m vTwfawmfxJ
tzGJYtpnf;awGtrsm;BuD;
wpfEkdifiHvHk;aysmf
tif;pdefaxmifBuD;a&SUrSm vl jynfolcspfwJUolawG jynfoleJhtwl tjrJ&Sdygap olwdkYvli,fawGudk jynfol
awGucspfMuw,f/ ,HkMunftm;
awGaxmifeJYcsDpka0;a&muf&SdaeNyD; udk;Muw,f/ vTwfawmfEkdifiHa&;
axmifxuxGuvmolawGuvuf
J f kd k d f
vlxpe0if; G f
rSmyg0ifaqmif&ur,fh a':atmif
f H H
ckyoawGnaewJMh um;u ajy;zuf qef;pkMunfudk t&ifutwdkif;
oluzuf? yef;pnf;ay;oluay;? 0ef;&Hay;&if; jynfolawG&JUtoH
f
jyHK;rsu&nfawGeYJ ai;olu ai;jzpf udk udk,fpm;jyKay;r,fh tiftm;
aeMuwJhjrifuGif;rsKd;vnf; b,f awmif h w if ; wJ h t zG J U tpnf ; BuD ;
EkdifiHrS MuHKzl;Mur,frxifygbl;/ tjzpfjrifawGUvdkMuw,f/ 'Drdku
jref r mvl r sKd ; awG t zd k Y a wmh w pf a&pDEkdifiHrSm EkdifiHa&;ygwDawG
f
Budrwpfcgomr[kwb; 'Dvaysmf f l kd tjyif wjcm;toif;tyif;tzGJU
p&maeYrsKd;awG cP cPudkMuHK tpnf;awGvnf; ra&rwGufEdkif
awGUcJMh uzl;w,f/ &Snvsm;wJh ESpf f avmufatmif&SdjrJjzpfw,f/ vdk
ig;q,fumvudxnfrajymawmh k h tyfvm&if olwdkYvli,f awG[m
ygbl;/ 'DoHk;ESpfavmuftwGif;rSm 88 rsKd;qufvli,frsm;qdkwJh em
udk tBudrfawGrenf;vSbl;/ rSwf rnf e J Y yJ j zpf j zpf t&yf b uf v l
f
rSw&&qdk OD;0if;wifvwwe;u G f k f xktzGJUtpnf;wpf&yftjzpf&Sdae
wpf B ud r f ' D v d k a ysmf c J h M u&w,f / &if odyfaumif;ygvdrfhr,f/
rESpfu a':atmifqef;pkMunf
vGwfwkef;uvnf; wpfEdkifiHvHk; tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKEdkifwJU
tkef;tkef;uRufuRufjzpfatmif t kfH kd
Ediia&;ygwDqwmuvduem k f
aysmfBuD;aysmfcJhMuw,f/ h d f h
apmifxe;&r,fpnf;urf;usi0wf hf
awG&Sdw,f/ 'pfyvdkarpDusifhoHk;&
&ifxJutvHk;BuD;us df f
tprSm cyfpr;pdr;ygyJ/ ]]tarb,f a&mufNyD;wJhtcg jynfolYqE´udk dS f kd f
wmawG&w,f/ rSewi;ajymrjzpf
tck Zefe0g&D 13 &ufus uvlBuD;vJ}}vdkY tar;rcH&wm OD;xdyfyefqifjcif;rjyKawmhbJ ig bJ xdef;csKyf&wmawG&Sdw,f/ tJ
awmh reufty&muxvduwmeJY
d f k f udyaus;Zl;wifae&ao;w,fav/
kJ
'DtcsdefrSm jynfol&JY ta&;udpörSeforQudk jynfolawG waumaumwmrsKd;awGjzpfavh 'gaMumifh jynfolawGtaeeJY t
usuoa&r*Fvm&Svwowif;udk
f d S hJ tvdkusvkyfudkifaqmif&Gufr,fU tzGJYtpnf;rsKd; r&Sdrjzpf &Sdw,f/ csdefra&G; olwdkYa&SUurm;rm;rwf
t&ifqHk;pMum;vdkuf&w,f/ cGef ½kyfoHeJh rsufpdrcGm rwf&yfNyD;ajymqdkvkyfudkifay;r,fh
f
xGe;OD;eJYrif;udEitygt0if tESpf
k dk f 13 &ufaeYwpfaeYvHk; ½kyfoH vdktyfygw,f . . . jynfolY'Drdkua&pD tzGJUtpnf;rsKd;vdktyfw,f/ 'Drdk
ESpftvvarQmfvifhapmifhpm;ae& dk f
pufa&SUrSmyJxiaew,f/ vmorQ taumif;qHk;uawmh wdkif; ua&pDacwfa&muf&if EkdifiHom;
olawGtm;vHk; jyefxGufvmNyDwJh/ vlawGudkvnf; 'DADbDeJYyJ {nfhcH S
vdYka&mufav&mt&yfrm EIwquf f ö
a&;jynf&mudprSeforQrSm jynfol tm;vHk;&JU ta&;udpötrsKd;rsKd;udk
em;eJYMum;&wmudktm;r&vdkYuGef vdkufw,f/ w*Grf*GrfeJYquforQ OD;rSyJvdkY acgif;xJrSm rSwfxm; pum;awGajym&w,f/ yef;uHk;pGyf jynfom;awGtm;vHk; yg0ifaqG; aqmif&GufzdkY vlxktajcjyKt&yf
ysLwmudkMunfhvkdufawmh tm;vHk; zkef;awGudkvnf; ½kyfoHMunfh&if; vkdufw,f/ wmcH&w,f/ atmifoajyawG aEG;qHk;jzwfwJh ]wdkuf½dkuf'Drdku buftzGUJ tpnf;awGvnf; trsm;
vGwfwJhtaMumif;0ufbfqdkufoHk; ajzvdkufw,f/ toufBuD;vm urf;wm,l&w,f/ jynfoawGu l a&pD} 'grSr[kwf ]jynfolY'Drdku BuD;&SdvmzdkY vdktyfvdrfhr,f/ 88
av;ckrSma&;xm;wmawGUawmhrS awmh vluydkNyD; ylwwfw,f/ cGyfa'gif;atmifvHwvlvl cspfMuwmudk;/ toufxif&Sm;&Sd a&pD} jzpfw,f/ 'gayrJh 'guvuf l
rsK;d qufvi,fawGue*duwnf;u k
pdwfcsoGm;w,f/ 12 &ufaeYu bmajymajymtd r f a &muf N yD q d k r S ½kyfjrifoHMum;a&SUrSmwpfaeY aeqJrSm wpfwkdif;wpfjynfvHk;u awGUvkyfzdkY rjzpfEkdifao;bl;/ 'D jynfolcspfwJh tzGJUjzpfawmh a&SU
EkdifiHawmfor®w&JU vGwfNidrf;csrf; pdwfcsEdkifrSmrdkY ½kyfoHeJY rsufpdr k d f kd
vH;xkiaew,fvYkdq&ayr,fh tm ]oJovy}f atmifcspMf uwJEiia&;
J I h kd f H tcsdefrSm jynfol&JU ta&;udpö vmr,fhumvawGrSmvnf; jynf
omcG i f h a Munmcsuf x G u f N yD ; u h
cGmbJ apmifMh unfaerdw,f/ ½kyoH f ½Hkuawmhtjynfhra&mufygbl;/ orm;qdvYkdwpfoufrmESpa,muf
k S f rSeforQudk jynfolawGtvdkus l k k
olvxtm;ud;tm;xm;jyKEdir,fh k f
wnf;u 'DwpfcgygrSmvm; ao zefom;jyifay:u aysmf&TifjrL;wl; {nfhonfawG0ifvdkufxGufvdkuf? yJawGUzl;w,f/ wpfOD;u a': vk y f u d k i f a qmif & G u f r ,f h tzG J U tzGUJ tpnf;tjzpf &yfwnfEivrhf dk f d
csmNyDvm;eJY &ifwrrjzpfaecJhwm aeMuwJh vlawGudkMunfh&if;eJY zkef;oHw*Grf*Grfjrnfvdkufjzpfae atmifqef;pkMunf/ aemufwpfOD; tpnf ; rsKd ; r&S d r jzpf v d k t yf y g r,fvdkY arQmfvifhrdaMumif; odap
tckrS&ifxJu tvHk;BuD;usoGm; pmtprSma&;cJhwJh ]'Dvdkaysmfp&m awmh tm½HkawGvnf;[dka&muf 'D u rif;udkEkdif/ w,f/ axmifuvGwfvmwJh rif; vdkuf&ygw,f/
awmhw,f/ nuqdkwpfnvHk; aumif;wmrsKd;urÇmay:u b,f a&mufygyJ/ taotcsmrsufpdxJ
raysmfwpfcsufaysmfwpfcsufjzpf EkdifiH b,fvlrsKd;rS cHpm;zl;vdrfh rSmpGom;wJjh rifui;uawmho&uf
J G G f igwaumaumwwf
aecJh&w,f/ r,fr[kwfbl;}qdkwJh tawG;0if f
axmifuxGuvmwJh rif;udEiukd k dk f a':atmifqef;pkMunfu t
vmcJhwmjzpfw,f/ f
o&ufNrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;ucGya'gif; ck o r® w OD ; od e f ; pd e f t pd k ; &eJ Y
b,fuvlBuD;vJ tvHwvlvlvTifhNyD;BudKqdkwJhjrif vufwGJNyD; vTwfawmfEkdifiHa&;
eHeuf 10 em&Davmufowif; tusOf;pcef;awGxJu uGif;jzpfw,f/ o&ufvdkNrdKUi,f vkyfzdkY qHk;jzwfvdkufNyDjzpfw,f/
axmufawG&JU tar;udk ajzaewJh D
tJ'vkd awG;rdwmeJYwpfquf k l
av;rSmawmif vlpva0;u&meJYcsD 'Drdkua&pDvrf;c&D;rSma&G;aumuf
rif;udkEkdif&JUtoHudkMum;vkduf& d f
wnf;'kw,urÇmppfBuD;NyD;NyD;csi; NyD;&Sdw,f/ o&ufNrdKUolNrdKUom; yGwYkd? vTwawmf wdYk qwmr&Srjzpf
J f kd d
f G
awmh pdwcsom;NyD; vGwvwvyff G f tusOf;pcef;awGxJu toufr rsm;&JUowådudkav;pm;rdovdk rif; t*Fg&yfawGjzpfw,f/ 'gayrJh NyD;
vyfaysmfoGm;w,f/ om,m0wD aobJusef&pfaeolawGxGufvm udkEdkifudkcspfMuwmudkvnf; aus jynfhpHkNyDvdkYawmh rqdkEkdifbl;/ a&G;
axmifuvGwfwJh reDvmodef;u wmudk rdbaqGrsKd;om;csif;awGeJY eyftm;&jzpfrdw,f/ atmifvH JG f
aumufywYkd? vTwawmfwYkdeYJ wuf
orD;av;udjk yefawGU&awmh t&rf; ZeD;om;r,m;awGu &ifwxdwf bufukdul;awmh y&dowfuurf; vmNyD;rS tmPm&Sifqefqeftkyf
pmrsufESm (24) rStquf awmhrSmvm;/ q&mhpum;udk uRef w&m;awmfwpfyk'fudk ESvHk;oGif; tm;vHk;udk cGihfvTwfEkdifyg
apcsifonf/ rSm;wJholawGonf awmfqufawG;rdonf/ a&SUqufMu&rnfxifonf/ "r®y'? onf/ twdwfudk b,fawmhrSjyef
olwkdYtrSm;twGuf r0efcHrcsif; 'Dxufydk'ku©a&mufcJhMuwJh ,ru0*f? umV,u©eD 0w¬Kvm roGm;vdkawmh/ 'gayrJh qlyltHk
olwkdYudk acgif;vQKd;qufqHzkdY r b0awG? 'DxufydkcHpm;cJh&wJhb0 w&m;wpfyk'f/ l hJ
acgif;jzwfvowfcw,fqwmrsK;? kd d
jzpfEkdif/ olwkdYrsKd;quf\ qnf; d
awGtrsm;BuD;&Sygao;onf/ wpf ]]e [d a0a&e a0&med &&if& r&&ifcs? 88 qlyltHk
yl;rIxJrSmygcJhaom r[wår*E¨D\ yHkwpfyif&SdMuygonf/ uRefawmf or®EÅD" uk'gpeH? ta0a&e p k k f
BuD; qdwmrsKd; ordi;trSm;awGukd
t,l t qawG t aMumif ; vnf ; wdkY onf;ajcaumif;MuzkdYawmh vdk or®EÅd {o "ar®m oeEÅaem}} uRefawmfh nDi,f? nDri,fawG?
q&mjyefajymjyonf/ onf/ ]]&efudk&efcsif;wHkYESif;jcif; om;orD; awGtzwfrrSm;? tjrif
udk,hftrSm;udk,f r0efcHbJeJY bmyJjzpfjzpftem*wftwGu?f tm;jzihf &eftaygif;wdYkonf rNidr; f rrSm;& atmifawmh ordkif;pmtkyf
awmh EkdifiHa&;ZmwfcHkrSm 0ifuMu tenf;qHk;awmh pwkw¦rsKd;quf ukef/ &efudk&efcsif;rwkYHESif;jcif; trSef a&;zkdYvdkaeNyD/
OD;rSmvm;/ arQmfvihfcsuftwGuf f f
twGu(1962upvdYk uReawmfwYdk jzifhom &eftaygif;wdkYonf Nidrf; orkdif;qdkwm vlawGudk rt
aESmifwnf;cHcJhMuolawGeJY aESmif tbkd;rsm;? tazrsm;eJY uRefawmf uk e f \ / þw&m;onf o m f h
atmif vkyay;wJt&m/ orki;rSm; d f
S
wnf;rIrmt"duae&muygcJMh uol kd hJ kH
wdYk qwrsKd;qufo;quf&UJ tvGef razmufrjyefrSefuefaom w&m; &ifawmh vlawG ]t} oGm;ygvdrfh
awGudk wpfwef;wnf;xm;Mu twGuf) a&SU½INyD; Ak'¨a[mcJhaom aywnf;}} rnf/
Page 30
2011 ckESpf rdk;pyg;pdkufysKd; S f
arQmfre;vmMuonf/ pyg;pduysKd; k f
G
&moDwif awmifov,form;rsm; l df hJ
cserufcaomtdyrufEivufawGU f S hf
twGuf tdyfrufaumif;rufcJhMu rSm ododomomuGmjcm;aeonf/
onf/ jrefrmEdii\vlO;a& 70 &mk f H D
2010 jynfhESpf rdk;pyg;&dwf cdkifEIef;onf aus;vufudktrSDjyK
odrf;NyD;csdefüMuHKawGUcJhMu&aom aeolrsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdYk \ 0,f
&moDOwktcuftcJESifh aps;EIef; vdktm;usqif;rIonf jrefrmhaps;
tcuftcJaMumifh vufrdIifcscJh& uGuftwGif; pkpkaygif;0,fvdktm;
aom awmifolv,form;rsm;t k d d
udooomomusqif;rnfomjzpf
aejzifh aqmif;oD;ESHyJudktm;udk; ojzifh xdktcsufonf pD;yGm;a&;
arQmfrSef;cJhMuonf/ 2011 ckESpf taqmufttHkwpfckvHk;udk pD;yGm;
{NyDvrSpwifNyD; ydYkue&aiGa':vm k f a&;wHkYqdkif;oGm;Ekdifonf/
aps;EIef;usqif;rIaMumifhvnf; fD f kf dfH
tdre;csi;xdi;Ekiitygt0if
aumif;? &moDOwkaMumifhvnf; k f H
Ediitawmfrsm;rsm;onfv,f,m
aumif; yJpuawmiforsm;txdem kd f l xGufukefaps;EIef;tmrcHonhfpepf
cJh&jyefonf/ xdktajctaeonf usifhoHk;vmMuonfrSmvnf; pD;
awmifolv,form;rsm;twGuf yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudkarQmfrSef;
temBuD;emaecJhojzifh v,f,m vk y f a qmif c suf y if j zpf o nf /
f
vkyief;udqufvufvyui&efyifk k f kd f awmifov,form;rsm;\ 0,fvkd l
tcuftcJ&SdaecJhMuonf/
2011 ckESpf rdk;pyg;pdkufysKd;
G
&moDwif vTwawmftrwfrsm;\ f
tdyfrufxJu nDrQjcif; tm;jrifhrm;vmrIrSwpfqifh NrdKUjy
xkwuexwvyrw;dk wufvmap
f kf k f kfI
rnfudkarQmfrSef;Mujcif;jzpfonf/
aqG;aEG;csufrsm;? *sme,frsm;\ H kd
armifo'if (abm*aA') h D
þenf;jzifp;yGm;a&;zGUH NzdK;rI&&Svm d
axmufjya&;om;csufrsm;aMumifh awmifydkif;rSrkwfokefqkwfcGmoGm; aps;EIef;owfrSwfNyD; 0,frnf[l f f d
EIe; wif; 50 twGu&&Saomwef ajcudkufrIvHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;uif;rJh atmifvkyfcJhMuonf/
awmifolv,form;rsm;twGuf jcif;ESifhtwl rkd;vnf;cGmcJhonf/ aomaumvm[vrsm;uvnf;ay: zd k ; aiG u syf 150000 cef Y ES i f h aernfomjzpfonf/ tu,fírsm;pD;yGm;a&;wGuf
tm;wufcJhMu&onf/ xdkYaMumifh pyg;oufwrf;&uf cJhjyefojzifh awmifolv,form; EdIif;,SOfygu v,fodrf;csdefNyD;yg þjzpf&yfrsKd; tBudrfBudrf t k f I
ajcruduraMumifh awmifov,f l
vTwfawmftrwfrsm;\aqG; 100 rS 120 cefYom&Sdaompyg; rsm;twifh&JpGm t&if;tESD;&SmazG u ]v,fydkif&SiftwGuf qefaum H
xyfxyfcpm;vm&aomv,form; orm;rsm;\xkwvyrusqif;oGm; f kfI
f
aEG;csursm;? *sme,frsm;\axmuf rsm;omatmifjrifjzpfxGef;cJhaomf acs;iSm;NyD; tBudrfBudrfvkyfudkifcJh ESiaumufqomusernf} [laom
hf G f f
rsm;twGuv,f,mukexwvyf f k f k cJhygu jynfwGif;pm;oHk;rIzlvHka&;?
jyajymqdkrIrsm;wGif 2011 ckESpf rkd; vnf; &uf 120 ausmfaom ouf Mujcif;jzpfonf/ qdk½dk;twdkif;yifjzpfrnf/ tu,f ief;tay:tm;xkwBf udK;yrf;vdpwf k d jynfyydkYukefwifydkYa&;udkygxdcdkuf
pyg;ay:csdefwGif pyg;aps;EIef;udk S
vwfEihf oufBuD;pyg;rsm;twGuf ,cktcg pyg;xGuvmNyDjzpf f írsm;wpfBudrfru ysKd;axmifpdkuf h
avsmyg;vmap½Homru v,f,m k vmEdkifrnf/ þtcsufudk EdkifiH
xkwfvkyfolp&dwfxufredrfh½Hkom k k I
rd;a&vdtyfraMumifh tzsif;rsm;NyD; ojzifh v,form;rsm;&ifqkdif& ysKd;&jcif;? vdktyfonfht&if;tESD; f kGfG k l
vkyief;udpeYcmvdorsm;jym;vmrnf k
awmftpd;&omru v,f,mxGuf
ru awmifolv,form;rdom;pk pyg;txGufododomomusqif; onfhpyg;aps;EIef;rSm &ifeifhzG,f udktpdk;&ESifhacs;,l&jcif;rsm;&SdcJhyg jzpfonf/ H
oD;ESujkd ynfyydYk uetjzpfwifyYkd ae k f
pm;0wfaea&;udkyg umrdaprnfh oGm;cJhonf/ yifjzpfonf/ oufBuD;pyg;rSm t u t½HI;BuD;½HI;rnfomjzpfonf/ txufwGifazmfjyxm;ouJh Muaomvkyfief;&SifBuD;rsm;yif
pyg;aps;EIe;tmrcHcsufay;rnfo f h pdkufysKd;csdefumvtwGif; a& xGufenf;onfuwpfaMumif;? þwGiu,wiv,f,mvkyuif
f kd f kd f f kd odkY ]v,form;rsm;onf pD;yGm; f h h
owdcsyoifonftcsujf zpfonf/
abmrsKd;aqG;aEG;vmcJhMuonf/ hf kd f
BuD;jcif;aMumifh ysKd;cif;ESipucif; jynfwGif;aps;uGuftwGufpm;oHk; Edkifol? udk,fydkifuRJEGm;&Sdolrsm;t a&;wGufajcudkufonf? rudkuf ,ckawmhjzifh u,fola0;ae
wpfacwfwpfcgujrefrmhp;yGm;a&; D rsm;a&0ifepfjrKyfMu&jyefonf/ odYk ol B ud K uf E S p f o uf r I a Mumif h w pf wGuf xkuoifaomtusK;aus;Zl;
d f h d kd
onfut"durxm;bJ 0goemt& NyDjzpfaom awmifov,form;wdYk l
avmuwGivufccMhJ uaom nDrQ f H aomfazmfjycJhaomtdyfrufaMumifh v,f,mudk qufvufvyuiae k f kd f \tjzpfonf wpfr;wGi;vH;arQmf kd f k
jcif;udkyifaxmufjyajymqdkvmMu vdktyfonfht&if;tESD;udkzspfn§pf EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;onf v,f,mxGufukefaps;EIef;tmrcH Murnfomjzpfonf}[laom ,lq rSef;cJhMuonfh pyg;wif; 100 ESifh
onf/ ¤if;nDrQjcif;rSm pyg;wif; f d
xkwNf yD; tBudrBf udrysK;axmifpuf kd csufaMumifh ¤if;wdkYudk vspfvsL½I a&Twpfusyfom;[laomnDrQjcif;
100? a&Twpfusyfom;ESifh uRef; ysKd;Muolrsm;vnf; &SdcJhonf/ þ U Uf S
onfpepfusio;kH vmMuonfrmvnf; pD;yGm;a&;zGYH NzKd ;wd;k wufrI xm;rduumv&SnfwGifrarQmfrSef; onf tdyfrufomjzpfcJhMuNyD/ t
opfwpfwef\aps;EIef;wlnDaecJh wGifar;p&mar;cGef;epfck&Sdonf/ udk arQmfrSef;vkyfaqmifcsufyifjzpfonf/ awmifolv,form; G f
bJxuay:vmrnfh awmifov,f l edrfhqHk;pyg;aps;rsKd;wif; 100 t
jcif;jzpfonf/ ,cktcgwGif uRef; ]]awmifolv,form;rsm;pD;yGm; orm;rsm;\tEkwvu©PmwHYkjyef f wGuf av;ode;rSr&vQifawmifol f
opfonf EdkifiHawmfuomwm0ef a&;wGufajcrudkufbJ tb,f kd
rsm;\ 0,fvtm;jrifrm;vmrIrwpfqifU NrKd Y jyxkwuexwvyf
U S f kf k f k f kd f
csuonfwi;jynftwGuf tvGef v,form;rsm; pdwysutm;avQmh f f
k f k f
,lxwvya&mif;csjcif;jzpfojzifh aMumifh v,f,mvkyfief;udkquf rIwdk;wufvmaprnfudk arQmfrSef;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ þenf;jzifU trif;txdemrnfomjzpfonf/ vmrnf/ ,ckEpf rwfyEiywpr; S J S hf J D d f
azmfjyygnDrQjcif;rS z,fxm;rnf vufvkyfudkifaeMuoenf;}} [lí k
þjyóemudajz&Si;&eftcsef f d pdkuf{uododomomusqif;oGm;
k
qdygu a&Twpfusyfom;\wefz; kd jzpfonf/ pma&;olavhvmxm; pD;yGm;a&;zGHY NzdK;rI&&SdvmatmifvkyfcJUMuonf . . . J
qGírjzpf/ v,form;rsm;twGuf jcif;onfyif v,form;rsm;\
ESifh pyg;wif; 100 \ wefzdk;wl csuft& jrefrmv,form;trsm; pyg;ay:vQif trsm;tm;jzifh r aps;uGutay:tEkwvu©PmwkUHf f
nDae&rnf[kqdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/ pkonf rdk;&GmvmcsdefwGif v,fxJ aMumif;aMumifh wif; 100 aps; &&SdEdkifonf/ xdk0ifaiGonfyif a&mif;rjzpfa&mif;csMu&onf/ jyefrjI zpfonf/ tu,fí vmrnfh
,cktcgwGif a&Twpfusyom;wef f qif;í v,frvkyf&ygu rpm; f
EIe;rSm usyig;ode;cefY&onf/ odYk
f f dS awmifolv,form;rsm;? ¤if;\ aps;wufrnf[cefYre;Muonfwifk Sf h kd pyg;pdkufcsdefwGif awmifolv,f
zdk;rSm usyfckepfodef;cefY&Sdojzifh p Ekdif? rtdyfEdkifolrsm;omjzpfMu aomfoufi,fpyg;wif; 100 t f k f k f hJ
vkytm;pduxwc&onfvycom h kf atmif odrf;qnf;odkavSmifxm; orm;rsm;u ,ckyJpdkufcsdefuJhodkY
yg;wif; 100 udusyfcepfoe;cefY k k d f onf/ ¤if;wdkYtwGuf rd½dk;zvm f f kH f
wGuf aps;EIe;rSmrl usyo;ode;ESihf jzpfNyD; tvkyform;\vkyfcxuf Edkifjcif;r&SdMu/ qyf&rnfhta
rsm;&vmavrvm;[k cefYre;cJMh u S f k J
tvkyjf zpfojzifh t½d;pGaeaom t usyfoHk;odef;atmufwGifomaps; yifedrfhusaeonfh0ifaiGjzpfonf/ pm;0wfaea&;p&dwEihf taxGaxG f S kd
oH;k rIuygxdyg;vmEdirnfjzpfonf/ kf
jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkYaom aqG; vkyjf zpfonf/ pD;yGm;a&;t& wGuf jzpfvsuf&Sdonf/ ,ckESpfpdkufysKd; l
awmifov,form;rdom;pk\pm; toHk;p&dwfwdkYtwGuf aygufaps; xdjk yóemudajz&Si;&ef tcseqí k f d f JG
aEG;csufrsm;udk v,form;rsm;t ajcudkufonf? rudkufonfrSm t &moDtwGif; pma&;olavhvmcJh 0wfaea&;toHk;p&dwfudkygxnfh jzifha&mif;Murnfomjzpfonf/ r&/aoa&;&Sifa&;wrQta&;BuD;
wGuwpfoufwmtwGi;rMum;zl;
f f f
"dur[kwbJ v,frvky&vQif r f aom &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD; arSmf oGif;pOf;pm;ygu ,ckESpf&&Sdaom ,ckyifa&mif;aeMu&NyD/ olwdkY\ vSojzifh tjrefEdkifqHk;jrefEdkiforQ
cJhaompum;oHrsm;jzpfcJhonf/ aeEdkifolrsm;omjzpfMuonf/ xdkY bDNrdKUe,f&Sd awmifolv,form; pyg;aps;EIef;onf awmifolv,f t½HI;udk olwdkYydkí ydkíodvmMu jrefjrefajz&Sif;&rnfhjyóem[kyif
,ckawmhMum;vm&NyD/ tdyrufvS f aMumifhvnf; jyef&csufraocsm tcsKdU\ysrf;rQpyg;wpf{uxkwf orm;rsm;twGufpD;yGm;a&; wGuf onf/ pyg;aps;EIef;jrifhrm;a&;udk qdkvdkufyg&ap/
vSvnf;rufcJhMuonf/ txl;o h kd d
onfwif rdrwYkdrufcaomtdyruf hJ f vkyfrIukefusp&dwfudkMunfhygu
jzifh 2011 ckESpf rkd;pyg;pdkufysKd;&m twGuf tBudrfBudrfukefusp&dwf atmufygtwdkif;awGU&ygonf/
oDwGif awGYMuHKcJh&onfhtcuft pdkufxkwfvkyfudkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ Z,m;wGifazmfjyxm;onfht
cJrsm;udk xdktdyfrufaMumifhausmf pyg;pdkufysKd;csdefuvnf; ,ckESpf wdkif; pyg;wpf{utwGuf pdkuf
vTm;EkdifcJhonf/ pyg;ay:vQif pyg;wif; 100 vQif ysKd;xkwfvkyfrIp&dwfrSm 147500
rk d ; pyg;pd k u f y sKd ; &moD w G i f f f
usyav;ode;cefYtenf;qH;tmrcH k usyfcefY&NdS yD;ysrf;rQwpf{utxGuf
atmufjrefrmEkiiü Zlvivv,f d f H kd f pyg;wpf{uxkwfvkyfrIukefusp&dwf
S kd f
cefYrr;rSevmjcif;aMumifysK;axmif h d
rIaemufusrSvkyfief;pwifcJhMu& pOf taMumif;t&m ysrf;rQp&dwf (usyf)
onf/ oufBuD;pyg; (ay:qef; 1/ ysKd;cif;+pdkufcif;\xGef,ufp&dwf 35000
arT;? awmifysH) pdkufysKd;olrsm;rS t 2/ rsKd;pyg; 10000
csKUd omvQiBf udKwifNyD; ysK;cif;uda& d k 3/ ysKd;Ekwfc 15000
pkyfpufjzifh a&wifí ysKd;axmifol 4/ aumufpdkufc 22500
tenf;tyg;&SdcJhMuonf/ trsm; 5/ "mwfajrMoZm 25000
tm;jzifh Zlviv'kw,ESiwwd, kd f d hf 6/ aumuf&dwfc 18000
oDwif;ywfrSomysKd;axmifEdkifol 7/ taxGaxGvkyftm;c 10000
rsm;cJhMuonf/ xdkYtjyif atmuf 8/ e,f^avShp&dwf 12000
wdkbmvqef;cefYwGif jrefrmEdkifiH wpf{u\pkpkaygif;ukefusp&dwf 147500
31
D d f Gf kd f G
wmcsvwwivm;[lwi;f &if;om;(pkaygi;f )ESpopfu;l yJawmf pnfum;pGmusi;f y MuHaps;EIef;avQmhcs0,f,ljcif;aMumifh
wmcsDvdwfNrdKUwGif vm;[l MuHpdkufawmifolrsm; tcufawGYae
wdkif;&if;om;½dk;&m(pkaygif;)ESpf
opful;yJGawmfudk &Srf;½dk;ruGif;jyif &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif av;aps;uGufudk wifydkYcJhwmyg/
wGif Zefe0g&Dv 19 rS 21 &uf H f h
Muaps;EIe;avQmcs0,f,jl cif;aMumifh kd f
aemufyi;puf½wnfawmh awmif kH
txdusif;ycJhaMumif;od&onf/ MuHpdkufawmifolrsm; tcufawGU olawGudk rEÅav;'dkifaygufaps;t
tqdygyJawmfoYkd wmcsDvwf
k G d aeaMumif; pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/ wdkif;0,fr,fqdkNyD; pnf;½Hk;w,f/
NrdKUay:ESifhawmifay:aus;&Gmae ]]oMum;aps;rwnfNidrfwJh MuHaps;udk wpfwef usyf 16000
vm;[lwkdif;&if;om; trsm;tjym; twGuf MuHaps;EIef;udk jyifqif hJ
ay;NyD;0,fcw,f/oMum;aps;awG
k f
vma&mufcNhJ yD;tjcm;wdi;&if;om; owfrSwfr,fqdkNyD; 'DZifbmvxJ f
aumif;wke;uMuHuowfrwxm; kd S f
rsm;vnf; yg0ifqifEJTcJhaMumif; f
wke;uaMunmcJw,f/ MuHawmifh h f J
wJaps;EIe;eJYy0,fNyD;tckaps;usEif kd
od&onf/ ol&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;eJY puf½Hka&&Snf wJhtaetxm;a&mufawmh ESpfOD;
yJGawmfwGif acwfay:aw; kd f
&yfwnfEia&;qdNk yD;MuHwpfwefukd ESpfzufqHk;½HI;rIr&Sdap&efqdkNyD; aps;
*DwpifESifh vm;[l½dk;&majr0dkif; f
usy37000xdaps;avsm0,fw,f/ h avsmh0,fw,f/jrwfwkef;uESpfOD;
twD;ESifhtursm;yg0ifcJhNyD; aus; tckvdk aps;avQmh0,fwJhtwGuf ESpfOD;ESpfzufrQNyD; rjrwfcJh&bJ ½HI;
&Gmrsm;rS vm;[lwdkif;&if;om; yJGawmfwGifuHprf;rJrsm;? wdkif;&if; ]]uRefru erfhwl;&Gmuvm ok;bD;qdiu,f? tDwefum;awGeYJ
H k f S f S
wpfEprm wpf&moDyarQmvifcsuf J f h awmhEpO;ESpzufrQ½;qdwoabm
SfD f IH k hJ
tursm;udk ujycJhMuaMumif;? om;t0wftxnfqkdifrsm;? ½dk;&m wmyg/ tm;vkH;ta,muf 30 k
vmMuygw,f/ &GmrSmtbd;tbGm; &SdwJhawmifolawGtwGuf awmf jzpfaew,f}}[k uHBuD; aus;&Gm
acwfay:wD;0di;wGif vm;[ltqdk
k f tpm;tpmqdkifrsm;? aysmf&TifzG,f ausmfvmNyD; ESpfntdyfygw,f/ awGyJusefw,f/ &GmvkH;uRwfvm awmfav;tcufawGYaeygw,f}} awmifolwpfOD;u ajymMum;yg
awmfrsm;tjyifemrnfBuD;tqdawmf k upm;enf;rsm;vma&mufzGifhvSpf f dk f
uRerwdYkwi;&if;om;yJawmfvnf;
G Muw,f/ ajr0dkif;turSm &Gmwkdif; [k aemifcsKd NrdKUe,frS MuHpuawmifkd f onf/
rsm;vnf ; azsmf a jzcJ h N yD ; npOf oltrsm;tjym;&SNd yD; a&mif;aumif; jzpfawmh t&rf;aysmfw,f/ yGJ h l
uMuw,f}}[kerfw;&GmrSreef;crf; olwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/ &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; BuH
h
wd;k raygufatmifpnfum;cJaMumif;? cJhaMumif; od&onf/ awmfvmwJholawGu qdkifu,f? u ajymjyonf/ qkvPD; f
,cifu &Sr;jynfe,fajrmuf pdkuf&moDrSm arvwGifpwifum
ydkif;&Sd MuHpdkufawmifoltrsm;pkrSm azazmf0g&Dvqef;ydkif;wGif pwif
rEåav;yJaps;uGufwGif Zefe0g&Dvv,fydkif;twGif; yJrsKd;pHkta&mif;t0,fat; d kd f kd
rdru,wif oumcsuvyNf yD; rEÅ f k
av;aps;uGufodkY wifydkYa&mif;cscJh
ckwfaMumif;? MuHwpf{updkufysdK;
f k f I
xkwvyrp&dwonf MuHrsdK; usyf f
f Gf
rEÅav;yJaps;uGuwiZefe0g ao;w,f/ ukvm;yJaps;uGuf 'D orm;trsm;pku ukefacsma&mif; kd
(a&Tb) ta[mif; 35000 jzpfNyD; aMumif;? aeYpOfaygufaps;twdkif; 300000? ajrjyKjyifp&dwf 70000?
&Dvv,fydkif;twGif; yJrsKd;pHkt wpfywftwGif; usyf2000 uae tm;&dSoavmufyJ ukefMurf;0,f puform;yHkrSef 0,f,lBudwfcGJMu a&mif;cscJhMu&mrS ,cktcg puf½Hk oGif;tm;pkp&dwf(uGefaygif;? bdkif
a&mif;t0,f at;vsuf&dSaMumif; 2500txd aps;tajymif;tvJjref JG kd f S f
,lMuw,f}}[k yJcpufyi&iwpfO; D w,f/ajraxmufytopf 39000
J pdwfBudKufaps;EIef;taojzifh 0,f J
td?k ykv) 108000 ? pduysdK;p&dwf k f
rEÅav;NrdKUyGJpm;ukefonf pufydkif w,f/ 'Dv14 &ufaeY ukvm;yJ u &Sif;jyygonf/ &dSNyD; ta&mif;t0,fat;w,f/ ,lvmjcif;aMumifh awmiforsm;rSm l (vkyfom; 10 OD;) usyf 25000?
f
rsm; r[muxdeawmftoif;rS t usyf 50000uae 51000txd J
]]rwfyaps;uvnf;ta[mif; ukvm;yJjzLvHk;BuD; topfxGuf a½G;cs,fp&mr&Sjd zpfvmaMumif; od aygif;vkdufc(ESpfBudrf) 50000?
D H
oif;om;wpfO;xHrS pkprf;od&&yg Sd S hJ
&dcw,f/19&ufaeUrSmusy48000
f usyf39000?topfusyf 40000rS rvmao;bl;/ ta[mif;aps; usyf &onf/ kH
abmifv;15000?a&oGi;50000? f
onf/ uae 48500xdjyefusoGm;w,f/ k D
42000?yJpif;iHeta[mif;43000? 50000 &dSNyD; yHkrSefta&mif;t0,f ]]'Da'orSm oMum;puf½vm kH f
ckwc30000?wifc40000?um;c
]]ukvm;yJu avSmiform; d f S
'Dtcserm puform;awG ta&mif; yJpif;iHeD topf46000 rS 47000
k omjzpfw,f}} [k qufvuf&i;jy S f rwnfcifwkef;u uRefawmfwdkY 210000wdkYjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
trsm;pkvufxrm trsm;qH; usef
J S k rSm;? t0,frSm;jzpfEdkifw,f/ puf txd t0,fvuw,f/ yJpif;iHjk zL
kd f ygonf/ [m udk,fwdkifoumcsufNyD; rEÅ oef;Edkifpdk;
trSwf(22)? awmifjrif;NydKifuGif;vrf;? wmarGBuD;(c)&yfuGuf?
wmarGNrdKYe,f? &efukefNrdKY/
zkef; 400528? 400524? 401411 zufpf - 400528
33
tvkHNrdKYe,ftwGif;&Sd &SpfxyfwkduftaqmufttHk\ajrnDxyfaemufzufjcrf;rS S f k UJ
,ckEpqef;ydi;f twGi;f jzpfay:confU
ajrom;tenf;i,fedrfUqif;rIESifUtwl uGJtufonfUjzpfpOfwpfckjzpfyGm;cJU kd f I S I
,mOfwurEiUf wdr;f arSmufrrsm;wGif
&efuewi;a'oBuD;? tvkH
k f kd f D
aMumif;rD;owfO;XmerS wm0ef&ol dS
d f
t&Sejf yif;pGmarmif;ESirI t"duyg0if
f
NrdKUe,ftwGi;&Sd &Spxyftaqmuf f D
wpfO;u ajymMum;cJonf/ h ,ckESpfqef;ydkif;twGif;jzpf kf df
&efue-ykorvrf;rBuD;(100)*dwf
k Hk
ttHwpfv;\ ajrnDxyfaemuf ,if;jzpfpOfESifhywfoufí ay:cJhonfh,mOfwdkufrIESifh,mOf a[mif;ta&mufwGifa&SUnmbuf
zufjcrf;rSm ajrom;tenf;i,f k
&efuejf rKdUawmfpnfyifom,ma&; f I
wdr;arSmufrrsm;wGif t&Sejf yif;pGm d bD;yGifhNyD;vrf;ab;"mwfwdkiftm;
edrfhqif;rIESihftwl uGJtufonfh aumfrwD taqmufttk(tif*sifH armif;ESifrIaMumifh t"duydkrdkjzpf 0ifwdkufcJh&m c&D;onfajcmufOD;
jzpfpOfwpfck 2012 ckEpf Zefe0g S eD,mXme) wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u yGm;cJhNyD;[dkif;vwfESifh'dkifem,mOf d hJ
'Pf&m&&Scum Zefe0g&Dv 11 &uf
&Dv 19 &uf nu jzpfyGm;cJh hJ
vnf; ]]tckjzpfcwhJ jzpfpOfuawmh ydkrdkrsm;jym;aMumif;rxo(A[dk) eHeuf 10 em&Dtcsdeu taemuf f
aMumif; owif;&&Sonf/ d tEÅ&m,fuawmh t&rf;r&Sygbl;/ d rSw&m;0ifxkwfjyefcsufrsm;t& ydkif;c½dkifXmecGJ(2)rS 101 tjzL
k
tqdygjzpfpOftm; ,if;aeYn f dS
uReawmfwYdkXmeeJYwm0ef&tzGUJ awG owif;&&Sygonf/d 'd k i f e m,mOf t rS w f ( t / 8332)
9 em&D 45 rdepftcsecefYwif ajr d f G Sf kf
,ckEpqef;ydi;twGi; ,mOf f ,mOfonf0g;wpf&mrS tif;pdefodkY
Gf kf l
nDxyfwiaexdiorsm;rS pwifod wdkufrIESifh ,mOfwdrf;arSmufrIrsm; f
tjyefavSmum;txu (2)a&SUcsKd ifh
d
&ScjhJ cif;jzpfaMumif; od&&onf/ dS jzpfay:cJhrIrsm;onf Zefe0g&Dv 2 udka&Smif&mrS,mOf wdrf;arSmufrI
,if;jzpfpOfudk rsuawGU&Sol f d &ufaeY eHeuf 8 em&D tcsdefcefY aMumifh oHk;OD;aoqHk;um oHk;OD;
D
wpfO;u ]] uRerwkYdtru tJ'D f df wGif 125 ,mOfum;vwf,mOfvi; kd f d
'Pf&m&&ScNhJ yD; Zefe0g&Dv 11 &uf
d f
wkutaemufbuf wnfwnfrm h hS f
rS,mOftrSw('/102) ,mOfonf d
rGef;vGJ 2 em&DtcsefwGifawmifyi; kd f
jzpfygw,f/ uRefraemufaz;udk G f
apmfbm;MuD; uke;vrf;qkrwwif H S f kd c½dkif?XmecGJ(2)rS,mOftrSwf(6u/
f hJ d f S
xGuwtcserm tJ'wuu ajr D dk f d
teD;t&Sejf yif;pGmarmif;ESiraMumifh f I k f
1167)[di;vwf,mOfonf ,kZe
S hf
nDxyfEiyxrxyftqufem;u df
,mOfwr;arSmufrjI zpfay:cJ&m 'Pf h yvmZmrSausmufwef;odYkarmif;ESif
fDJ
tkwecusoawGMum;vkYd Munfrd H h d
&m&oloHk;OD;&ScjJ cif;vnf;aumif;? vmpOf oefvsif oraumvdyrwf fS
awmh ajrnDxyfESifhyxrxyft Zefe0g&Dv 4 &uf? rGef;vGJ 2 em&D wdkifwGif&yf&efjyKvkyfpOfvrf;\
qufu uGtufaMumif;BuD;awG J uawmh tJ'DajrnDxyfeJY yxr 30 rdepftcsewiajrmufyi;c½dipD
df Gf kd f k f nmbufrxuvmaomqdiu,f S G f k f
awGU&wmeJYy J tJ'DwkdufukdvSrf; xyftufaMumif;uae atmufajc rH r I a tmuf & S d X mecG J ( 1)rS 132 k f f
tm; wdurNd yD;wdr;arSmufc&m,mOf hJ
atmfjy;D owday;vkuygw,f }} [k d f d
txdudk jzKcsr,f/ NyD;&ifjyefNyD;awmh tjzL[dkif;vwf,mOftrSwf(' / ay:yg 11 OD;'Pf&m&&SdcJhaMumif;
jyefvnfajymjycJonf/ h f
tkwywfum;wyfNyD; jyKjyifom;yg G 6782),mOfonf&efuerwuMf uD; k f S kd od&&onf/dS
ajrnD e d r f h q if ; cJ h r I r S m 6 r,f/ vlawGuawmh jyefvnfaexkif d odkYtjyef arSmfbDNrdKUe,fwyfukef; ]]arSmfbDwdkYwdkufBuD;wdkUbuf
vufreD;yg;cefY&aMumif;? ajrnD dS vk d Y &ygw,f } }[k ok H ; oyf a jym &yfuGuf rdkifwdkif(29/4)ta&muf udkajy;qGJwJh,mOfvdkif;awGqdk&if
S
xyfEihf yxrxyftquftufuJG Mum;cJonf/ h Ekiw,f}}[k tvkHNrKdUe,f NrKdUe,f
d f cJh&NyD; pmoifausmif;tcsKdU wGif ,mOf\aemufwm,muGum vrf; J vnf;rsm;aomtm;jzifyrexuft h kH S f
aMumif;rSm pwifapmifMh unfonfh h ]]'DjzpfpOfuawmh azmifa'; f f
tkycsKya&;rSL; jzpfol OD;oef;Ekiu df f
u,fq,fa&;pcef;zGihf vSpumxm; df
\,mbufoYkdwr;arSmufrjI zpfay: &Sdefwdk;NyD;armif;Muw,f/,mOf
Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeY n 10 &Sif;tm;enf;csufaMumifh jzpfEkdif ajymMum;cJonf/ h &ScaMumif; od&onf/
d hJ h
cJ&m'Pf&m&olajcmufO;&Sconf/ D d hJ arSmufrIyJjzpfjzpf? ,mOfwdkufrIyJ
em&DtcsdefwGif vufESpfvkH;cefY ygw,f/ tm;enf;wJh tJ'tyki; D d f k k f JG
tqdyg wduutufraMumifh I d d fS S
tqkygwkurm 2006 ckEpf xdYktjyifZefe0g&Dv 5 &uf rGef;vGJ jzpfjzpft"dutaMumif;t&if;u
d
om&ScjhJ yD; 20 &uf aeY eHeuf 10 d f
uvnf;wkuuajrom;xJuajcmuf dk ,if ; wd k u f w G i f aexd k i f o l r sm; 0ef ; usif u CCG aqmuf v k y f 1 em&D 15 rdepftcsdewif oef f G ,mOfarmif;tay:rlwnfygw,f}}
em&Dtcsdeftxdppfaq;csuft& vufrcefY edrfhqif;oGm;wJhbuf f kd f
omruteD;ywf0ef;usiwursm; &Sd a&;rSwnfaqmufchjJ cif;jzpfaMumif; jrefolpDrHrIatmuf&Sd 79 tpdrf; [krxo(A[d)rSwm0ef&owpfO; k dS l D
vufwpfxGmtxdtus,f&Sdvm f
jcrf;u tm;enf;csuaMumifh jzpf k
olrsm;udyg odocsi; ajymif;a&TU
d f dS
od&&onf/ (5u /9020)uifwm,mOfonf u ajymMum;cJhonf/
vQyfppfqdkifu,f? pufbD;rsm;tm; &efukefpnfyife,fedrdwf pdwfazmufjyefí oHk;vt&G,fuav;i,ftm; wdkufay:rS ypfcs&efBudK;yrf;rIaMumihf
jyifywGifom pD;eif;cGifUjyKjcif;aMumifU 0,f,lolrsm; tcuftcJawGY oufqdkif&mrS wm;qD;í pdwfusef;rma&;aq;½HkodkYydkYaqmifay;cJh&
kd f
vQyfppfqiu,fEihf pufb;S D vnf;w&m;0ifa&mif;cswmjzpfwJh ta&;,lvsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd & wmarGNrdKUe,fausmufajrmif; d kd f
&Swucef;wpfcef; wGif aexdiol k f oHaMumihf &yfuGufvlawGu 0dkif;
rsm;tm;uke;vrf;ydYk aqmifa&;nTef
f twGuf pD;vdkY&w,ffqdkNyD; 0,fcJh onf/ ta&SU&yfuuausmufa&wGi;vrf;
G f f udk... touf 29 ESpfrSm rdrd\ wm;xm;NyD; uRefawmfwdkYqDudk t
Mum;rIOD;pD;XmewGif w&m;0ifvdkif rddw,f/ tckusawmh &efukefpnf ]]uRefawmfu vQyfppfqdkif trSwf----&Sd wdkufcef;wpfcef; oH;vt&G,orD;i,fukd oH;vTmrS
k f k aMumif;Mum;ygw,f/ uRefawmf
pifjyKvkyfí &efukefpnfyife,fed yife,fedrdwftwGif; pD;eif;cGifhr&Sd u,f0,fxm;wm odyfrMumao; f k f l kd
wGiaexdiou----touf 29 ypfcs&ef BudK;yrf;aejcif;aMumifh wdkYvnf; e,fajrcH&JwyfzGJYeJY rD;
rdwfjyifywGifom pD;eif;oHk;pGJcGifh bl;qdkNyD;awmh xkwfjyefwJhtcg ygbl;/ 'gayrJh tck pnfyife,f ESpfrSm Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeYu &yfuGufrS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESihf &J owfudk tultnDawmif;NyD; u
ay;rnfjzpfaMumif;? &efukefpnf usawmh uReawmfwYkdvkd 0,fxm;rd
f edrdwfxJrSm vQyfppfqdkifu,fpD; pdwazmufjyefírdr\oH;vt&G,f
f d k wyfzGJU0ifrsm;? rD;owfwyfzGJY0if av;udk jyef,lEdkifcJhygw,f/ udk...
d d f
yifom,me,ferwtwGi;pD;eif; f wJholawGu jyefvnftyfvdkY r& eif;cGifhr&Sdbl;qdkawmh uRefawmf uav;i,ftm; ¤if;aexdi&m oH; k f k rsm;u tcsdefrDwm;qD;EdkifcJhNyD; &Gm u pdwa0'em&SiwpfO;yg/ t&if
f f D
cGifhr&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ bl;/ qufNyD;pD;&ifvnf; ta&; wdkY 0,fxm;wJholawG bmrSvkyf vTmrS ypfcs&efBudK;yrf;rIjzpfpOf omBuD; pdwfusef;rma&;aq;½HkodkY uvnf; pdwfusef;rma&; aq;½Hk
,if;uJhodkY &efukefpnfyif ,lc&r,f/ NyD;awmh w&m;0ifvif
H kd vdkYr&awmhbl;/ uRefawmfvQyfppf wpfckjzpfyGm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/ ydkYaqmifay;cJh&jcif; jzpfonf/ rSm aq;ukorIcH,lNyD; jyefqif;
e,fedrdwfjyifywGifompD;eif;cGifh pifvy&ifvJ pnfyife,ferwjf yif
k f d d qdkifu,f0,fwkef;u 6 odef;ay; jzpfpOfrSm Zefe0g&Dv 19 ]]pdwfazmufjyefNyD; ZeD;onf vmwmyg}}[k ausmufajrmif;
jyKjcif;aMumifh tqdkygqdkifu,f yrSmyJ pD;eif;cGifh&Sdw,fvdkY ajym &ygw,f/ pD;vdkYr&awmhwJhtcg &ufaeY n 7 em&DtcsdefcefYwGif d
qDu uav;ukvNk yD; wduay:u k f ta&SU&yfuGufrS tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
rsm;tm; 0,f,lxm;NyD; vuf&Sd w,f/ b,fvqufvy&rvJrod
kd k f usawmh a&mif;wJhqdkifudkjyefoGm; ausmufa&wGif; vrf; trSwf ... ypfcszdkY vkyfaewkef; olYZeD;&JUatmf OD;0if;olu ajymygonf/
pnfyifom,me,fedrdwftwGif; bl;}}[k ajymjycJhonf/ NyD ; jyef o G i f ; vd k Y & rvm;vd k Y a r;
pD;eif;aeolrsm; tcufawGUvsuf kd f S
vQyfppfqiu,fEihf pufb; D Munfhawmh ESpfodef;yJay;r,fvdkY
&SdaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/ rsm;tm; qdkifu,frsm;uJhodkYyif ajymygw,f/ a&mif;wJholawGu
vQyfppfpufbD;0,f,lxm; vdkifpifjyKvkyfay;NyD; pnfyifom vnf;a&mif;aeawmh uRefawmfwdkY
ol wpfOD;u ]]uRefawmfwdkYu NrdKU ,me,fedrdwfjyifywGifom pD;eif; vnf; w&m;0ifw,fqdkNyD;oGm;
e,f w G i f ; rS m oG m ;a&;vma&; toHk;jyKcGifhay;rnfjzpfaMumif;? vma&;tqifajyatmif0,frdwm
tqifajyatmif 'DvQyfppfpufbD; &efukefpnfyife,fedrdwftwGif; aygAsm}} [kvnf; ol\tawGU
D hJ
wpfp;0,fcygw,f/ uRefawmfwYkd vQyfppfqdkifu,fpufbD; pD;eif; tBuHKudk ajymjycJhonf/
0,fwJhtcsdefwkef;u 0if;olZmu toHk;jyKrIrsm;tm; pDrHcsufcsí
MDY Page 35
ppfudkif;NrdKY&Sdtdk;vkyfief;rsm;wGif xif;tumom;? aumuf½;kd ponfU taxmuftxm;rcdkifvHkaom CNG
avmifpmp&dwBf u;D jrifraMumifU pkaygi;f vkyuionfypoajymif;vJvm
UI f kd f U kH H hkd "mwfaiGY ,mOfrsm;tm; 0,f,lcGifU,m,D&yfem;xm;
aomif;usyf? aumuf½dk;tvdIif; rEÅav;NrdKUwGif; ajy;qGJaom ajymif;vJwyfqifwtcgrSmvnf; hJ
500 twGuf av;aomif;usyf CNG ,mOf r sm;wG i f taxmuf k f f kH f
½H;vkyief;vkyx;vkyenf;twdi; k f
f
ukeuswmrdYkp&dwurenf;bl;av/ f txm;rcdkifvHkaom,mOfrsm;tm; f hJ
vkycygw,f/ jrefrmha&eHeYJobm0
k f hJ l
'gaMumifh td;vkywoawGpaygif; k 0,f , l c G i f h , m,D & yf e m;xm; "mwfaiGYvkyfief;uae armfawmf
NyD; zkwfMuovdk yGJpm;awGqDrSmyJ aMumif; od&Sd&onf/ ,mOfo;Hk obm0"mwfaiGU0,f,cihf lG
tdk;tpdrf;twdkif;a&mif;NyD; vkyfc ]]tck , mOf t d k , mOf a [mif ; f h
pmtkyf xkway;cJygw,f/ ajcmuf
G f
aeYwuoabmrsdK;vkyaeMuwm/ f tyfESHwJhtxJrSm CNG um;awG vavmuf 0,f,lcGifh&cJhayr,fh
xk w f v k y f r I u awmh t &if x uf vnf;ygw,f/ wcsdKUum;awGu Zefe0g&Dv 18&ufaeYupNy;0,f,l D
avsmhroGm;ygbl;}}[k qufvuf ,mOfomtyfESHNyD; *wfpftdk;awGudk hf
cGir&awmhygbl;/ ta&mif;qdiu k f
ajymjyygonf/ wjcm;um;awG jyef a &mif ; Mu uRefawmfwdkY0,f,lcGifh pmtkyfawG
jymodkvtwGif;jyKvkyfaom w,f/ rlvpm&if;udk rzsufbJeJY upm&if;raygufb;l vdYkajymygw,f/
tdk;rsm;rSm tat;"mwfydkrdkjzpfay: ,mOf j yef o G i f ; wJ h t cgMuawmh tck"mwfaiGU0,f,vYkr&wJtwGuf l d h
k f
apjcif;aMumifh td;vkyief;vkyuif f kd *wf p f u m;awG j yef o G i f ; w,f / vdkif;ajy;wm&yfxm;&w,f/ w
olrsm;rSm ajccif;vufcif;om 'ghaMumifh "mwfaiGYum;awGu jcm;um;awGvdk vrf;ab;u 0,f
k
aom jymodvwGiEppOfuoYkd td; f S f hJ k wd k ; vmw,f / uRef a wmf w d k Y h h
jznfvYkd &wJum;awGvnf; r[kwf
k
tvH;a&tajrmuftjrm;xkwvyf f k taeeJ Y u m;awG w d k ; vm&if vH k bl;}}[krEÅav;NrdKUwGi;ajy;qGaom f J
umEdkifiHtESHodkY oabFm? rD;&xm; avmufatmif ra&mif;csEdkifrSm ,mOf ydkif&SifwpfOD;u ajymonf/
h I dS
rsm;jzifwifyYkdr&aMumif;od&onf/ pdk;vkdYum;awGudktaxmuftxm; pGrf;tif0efBuD;|me\ xkwf
]]jymodkvrSm aea&mifrjyif;wm cdkifvHkrI&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;aeygw,f/ G f G f
jyefcsufwipr;tif0efBuD;|me\
aMumifh tdk;vkyfwJhtcgoJrsm;rsm; kd
'Dvppfaq;qJumvrSmawmh 0,f cGifhjyKcsufr&&Sdonfh w&m;r0if
ppfudkif;jrdKU&Sdtdk;vkyfief;rsm; f kd f I kH H
vkyuiryprsm;wpwpajymif;vJ k
vkyNf yD;om;td;tpdr;awGuwpfv;
f kd kH oHk;NyD;vkyf&w,f/ aea&mifjyif; ,lcGifhudk &yfem;xm;ygw,f/ cdkif CNG ,mOfrsm;onf yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;
wGifwpfESpfxufwpfESpf jrifhwuf vmaMumif;od&onf/ td;bd&yft k k 200usyfeJY tdk;zkwfwJhyGJpm;awGudk &ifajrurmvG,wmaMumifh vky& f f k hJ kd
vHwum;awGuawmh yHretwdi; k S f k f jzifh CNG ta&mif;qdkifrsm;wGif;
vmonfh ukefMurf;aps;EIef;rsm; a&SYydkif;&Sdbdk;pOfabmifquftdk; a&mif;&w,f/ udk,fwdkifzkwfNyD;rS udkif&wmraumif;bl;/ jymodk a&mif; ay;aeygw,f}}[k jrefrm 0,f , l a eonf h t wG u f ? ab;
f kd f l
t& vkyuiotrsm;pkrm aeYpm;? S vkyfief;vkyfudkifol rpef;wifhu a&mif;r,fqdk&ifawmh tdk;wpfvHk; tdk;u oJrsm;rsm;oHk;NyD;vkyfawmh a&eHESifhobm0"mwfaiGUvkyfief;rS tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;apa&;twGuf
vufcpm;tjzpfjyKvkyfvmjcif;? ]]ajreD ? ajreuf E S p f r sd K ;aygif ; udk azmufonfaps; 450 usyf? k
ydat;wmaygh/ ewfawmf? jymodu k wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajymonf/ zrf;qD;ta&;,l vsuf&SdaMumif;?
td k ; zk w f a omxif ; tumom;? axmfvm*sDwpfpD; 18000 usyfeJU 500 usyf&jyD; vufvDa&mif;aps; tdk;vkyfief;twGuf taumif;qHk; ,mOftdk;,mOfa[mif; tyfESH usef&Sdaeonfh w&m;r0if CNG
aumuf½dk;aps;EIef;ponfh xkwf oJvSnf;wpfpD;udk 2000 usyf&Sd u 700usyf? 800 usyf&Sdw,f/ tcsdefjzpfNyD; waygif;? wefcl;qdk k
aom,mOfrS "mwfaiGUtd;udjk yefvnf ,mOfrsm;\ eHygwfrsm;udkvnf;
vkyfrIp&dwfrsm;aMumifh tdk;zkwf&m w,f/wpfcsKdUuawmh udk,fhjcH0ef; 'gayr,fh aumuf½dk;eJYxif;tum ajcmufaoGUvmawmh tdk;txGuf 0,f,laom,mOfydkif&Sifrsm;tae f h
uGeysLwmjzifazmfxwppfaq;NyD; k f
wGifpkaygif;vkyfudkifonfhyHkpHodkY xJuae ajreDwl;NyD;vkyfwmrsdK; om;aps;EIef;awGaMumifh udk,fwdkif enf;oGm;jyD/ waygif;qdk&ifawmh jzifh "mwfaiGYtdk;ajymif;vJwyfqif ,mOfxdef;&JwyfzGJU? ukefvrf;ydkY
ajymif;vJvmaMumif; od&onf/ vnf;&Sdw,f/ 'guvnf;ajrom; tkd;zkwfEdkifzdkYcJ&if;Muw,f}}[k qdk oBuF e f t d k ; (twmtd k ; )awG p jyD ; cGifhudk jyefvnfavsmufxm;& aqmifa&;nTeMf um;rIO;pD;|mewdYkxH D
,if ; od k Y tajctaewG i f aumif;rSvkyfvdkY&wm/ wpf&ufudk ygonf/ vkyfMuygNyD}}[k tdk;vkyfief;vkyf rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ tyfESHí yl;aygif;tzGJUrsm;jzifh *dwf
kd f k k S G f dS
ppfui;NrdKU? td;bd&yfrxu&aom tdk;tvHk;a& 50 avmufNyD;&if ]]tdk;tvHk;wpfaxmifzkwfzdkY udiowpfO;u ajymMum;cJonf/
k f l D h ]]uRef a wmf u rEÅ a v;- rsm;? vrf;rBuD;rsm;ay:wGif quf
emrnfausmfjymodktdk;jyKvkyfrIrsm; t&if;EIwfvdkufawmh aeYwGuf qd k & if axmf v m*sD o H k ; pD ; wd k u f rif;oefY ausmufqnfajy;qGJwJhum;uae vufppfaq;zrf;qD;ta&;,loGm;
avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; 2000 usyf a vmuf u sef w ,f / xiftumom;twGuf ajcmuf / wqif h j yef 0 ,f c J h w myg/ ,mOf rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
yGifhopfvGifjyifyef;csDjyyGJ rEåav;NrdKYwGif wpf&ufwnf; tcsdefokH;em&Domjcm;um rD;avmifuRrf;rIESpfBudrfjzpfyGm;
usif;yrnf rEÅav;wdkif;a'oBuD;? rEÅ G h
rIwpf&yf jzpfym;cJaMumif; owif; ajrompHNrdKUe,fü avmifuRrf;cJh
k f G
av;c½diwif Zefe0g&Dv 19 &uf &&Sdonf/ aomrD;avmifrIaMumifh 18 ay?
rEÅav;NrdKU 84 vrf; ESifh 31 aeY eHeuftapmydkif;ü rD;ESpfBudrf ]]'D&yfuGuftaeeJY tckvdk 25ayESifh 8ayywfvnf RCESpf
vrf;axmifh&Sd "r®omv cef;rwGif avmifuRr;cJNh yD; vlaetdrajc(26)
f f rsKd;rD;avmifwm rxrqkH;tBudrf xyfrD;zdkaqmiftwGif;&Sd yef;uef
azazmf0g&Dv 4 &uf? 5 &ufESifh
vkH; rD;avmifqkH;½HI;cJh&NyD; tdrf yJ/ rD;avmifwJhtcsdefuvnf; pifESifhopfom;pm;yGJckHwpfvkH; rD;
6 &ufaeYrsm;wGif yGifhopfvGif
jyifyef;csDjyyGJudk usif;yoGm;rnf axmifpk(28)pkESifh vlOD;a& (106) tdyfarmusaewJh tcsdefBuD;/ &yf h
avmifuRr;f qk;H ½k;H cJaMumif;od&onf/
jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ OD; rD;ab;'ku©cHpm;cJh&aMumif; uGufxJutrsdK;orD;wpfa,muf yxrtBudrfrD;avmif&modkY
]]yef;csDq&m 50 ausmf&JU od&onf/ u rD;avmifaew,fvdkY atmfoH rD;owf,mOf(53)pD; tygt0if
yef ; csD u m;aygif ; 200 ausmf r[matmifajrNrdKUe,f? oH Mum;awmh xGufMunfhwJhtcsdefrSm oaE¨ r D ; owf t if t m;(40)ES i f h
yg0ifjyorSmyg/ yef;csDum;a&mif; f
vQufarSmta&SU?rmvmumjcHt&yf rD;awmufuawmfawmfav;BuD; t&efrD;owftiftm;(235)wdkYrS
k f I f
&aiG&UJ 30 &mcdiEe;udk trsdK;om; tuGuf(482)wGif eHeuf 2 em&D aeNyD rEdkifawmhbl;/ bmypönf;rS k f f hJ
0di;0ef;Nidr;owfcaMumif;?'kw, d
'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf (rEÅav;wdkif; 30rdepfcefYurD;avmifuRrf;rIwpf vnf;,l csdefr&vkdufbl;/ wpf tBudrf rD;avmif&modkY rD;owf
a'oBuD ; )&J U &ef y H k a iG tjzpf &yfjzpfyGm;cJhaMumif;? tvm;wl zuftdrfrSm&SdwJhtouf(80)ausmf twGif;aexdkifol udkrdk;olu &Sif; S f H
eHuyfEpxyf 4vk;? wpfxyf 1vk; H ,mOf (10)pD;? oaE¨rD;owftif
vSL'gef;oGm;rSmjzpfNyD; usefwJh 70
tcsd e f o k H ; em&D j cm;um atmif tareJ Y (10) wef ; ausmif ; ol jyonf/ tygt0if oGyfrdk;x&Hum ESpfxyf tm;(10)OD; tygt0if t&efrD;
&mckdifEIef;uawmh yef;csDq&m
twGufyg}}[k yef;csDjyyGJ usif;y ajrompHNrdKUe,f? arC*D&Dt&yf orD;av;udk ajy;ac:&w,f/ uRef k
tqdygrD;avmifrEpBf udrwif
IS f G 4 vkH;? wpfxyf 1vkH;ESifh 0g;uyf owftiftm;(30)wdkYrS 0dkif;0ef;
a&;aumfrwD0ifwpfOD;u ajym tuGuf (140) 17vrf;ESifh 18 awmftdrfuawmh jrifwJhtwdkif;yg r[matmifajrNrdKU e,füjzpfyGm;cJh x&HumESpfxyf 4 vkH;? wpfxyf Nid r f ; owf c J h M uaMumif ; od & S d &
onf/ vrf;Mum;? 82 vrf;wGif eHeuf 5 yJ jymyJusefawmhw,f}}[k r[m aom rD;avmifrIrSm rD;avmifcsdef (13)vkH; pkpkaygif;tdrfajc (26) onf/
/ em&D 15 rdepfcefYu rD;avmifuRr; f atmifajrNrdKUe,f? tuGuf(482) 50 rdepfcefY MumjrifhcJhum RC vkH; xyfqkH;½HI;cJhonf/ atmif /
36
bl;oD;awmifNrdKYwGif rEåav;NrdKY&dS taqmifiSm;&rf;caps;EIef;rsm; jrifUwufvmaMumif; od&
vlukeful;olwpfOD;tm; zrf;qD; trsdK;rsdK;&dSw,f/t&ifusyf12000
&cdijf ynfe,fb;oD;awmifNrdKU
k l ief;&Sif w½kwftrsdK;orD; -- ae wefu15000?usyf20000wefu
wGif pifumylEiioUkd vlueu;ol
kd f H k f l tdrfwGif wjcm;jrefrmtrsdK;orD; 22000?27000wefu30000txd
rsm;tzGJUrSwpfOD;tm; Zefe0g&Dv i,f 15OD;ESifhtwl tcef;wpfcef; aps;,lMuw,f/ tpuawmh aps;
5&ufaeYu armifawmvlukeful; xJwGif ydwfavSmifaecJh&aMumif;? wufr,lbJ taqmifcudk t&if
wm;qD;ESreif;a&; (txl;)tzGUJ ESihf
d f jyifyodUk qufo,cir&cJbJ tqdk
G f G hf h aps;twdkif;xm;NyD; vQyfppfoHk;pGJ
bl;oD;awmif&wyfzUJG pcef;rSwyfzUJG
J ygaetdrfodkYvmaom um;rsm;ESifh wmudk avQmhcdkif;rvdkU/ 'gayr,fh
0ifrsm;yl;aygif;um zrf;qD;vdkuf trsdK;orD;i,frsm;udk xnfhay; taqmifolawG trsm;pku tusÐ
jcif;jzpfaMumif;owif; &&Sdonf/ aMumif;? r-----udkvnf; um; rD;ylwdkufwm? xrif;csufwmawG
zrf;qD;&rdormbl;oD;awmif
l S wpfpD;ESifh xnfhay;&maeraumif; k
eJU tjcm;vdtyfwmawGo;vufp kH
(5) &yfuGufaea':---? touf [kqumjiif;cJojzifajcaxmufEihf
kd h h S qdkawmhavQmhoHk;csifrSmr[kwfbl;
55 ESpjf zpfaMumif;ESihf pifumylEiiH kd f uef ausmufcH&aMumif;? tqdkyg av/ tJ'gaMumifh taqmifcxyf
odkU vlukeful;cH&ol r-----? w&kwftrsdK;orD;xHwGif wpfvcGJ k k f
wd;vdu&wmyg}} [k 69 vrf;ay:
touf 24 ESpf? bl;oD;awmif cefU aexdkifcJh&jyD;aemuf pifumyl &dStaqmifydkif&SifwpfOD;u ajym
awmif&yfuGufaeol\ wdkifMum; wGifaexdkifol bl;oD;awmifjrdKUrS Mum;ygonf/
csuft&zrf;qD;&rdjcif;jzpfonf/ udk--- ESifhtquftoG,f&um e,frSvmaom ausmif;om;
jzpfpOfrSm a':---u r-- tqdkyg tdrfrScdk;xGufcJhaMumif;? ausmif;oltrsm;pkonf rEÅav;
kd f
wuúovteD;&dS taqmifrsm;wGif
----- tm; pifumylEdkifiHwGif pifumyl&JodkU wdkifMum;cJh&m &Jrsm;
taersm;NyD; tcsdKUtaqmifrsm;
vpmaumif;onfh tvkyf&rnf? f
uw&kwtrsKd ;orD;r--udk ac:,l wGif ukrÜPD0efxrf;rsm;? ½Hk;0ef
ukefusp&dwf tukeftuscHydkYay; ppfaq;um EdkifiHul;vufrSwfudk rEÅav; wuúodkvfteD;&dS taqmifrsm;ukd awGY&pOf
xrf;rsm;xm;&dSjcif;r&dSbJ ausmif;
rnf[k oHk;BudrfcefYaetdrfodkYvm h hf kd
jyef&cJaMumif;ESiu--- \ tul S
rEÅav;NrdKU&dS taqmifim;&rf; olrsm;xHrS pHkprf;od&dS&ygonf/ f D
wmuvnf;vQyppfrwmcjrifwuf
h om;? ausmif;oloD;oefUomxm;
a&mufpnf;½H;cJaMumif;?odYk twGuf
k h h k f
tnDjzif&efueoUkd jyefvnfa&muf caps;EIe;rsm; jrifwufvmaMumif;
f h ]]taqmifcudk 'DvuaepNyD; vmvdkU 'Dvdk,l&wmyg/ taqmif &dSaMumif; od&dS&onf/
&efukefNrdKU ausmufajrmif;wmarG &Sdvmjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/ taqmifae ausmif;om;? ausmif; aps;jrifNh yD;,lwmyg/ aps;jrifNh yD; ,l &JU tjyiftqifay:rlwnfNyD; aps; rEÅav;owif;tzGJY
&yfaetqdkyga':---\ orD;r- k f
&efueoUkd a&muf&jdS yD;OD;av;
-(c)---qDodkYydkYay;aMumif;ESifh
,if;rSwpfzef yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f
aetdrfwGif aexdkifaepOf r--
a&mufvmjyD; r--u a':vm
rdkufc½dkaqmhzf Forefront enf;ynmpmar;yGJrsm; jynfwGif;üajzqdkEdkif
wGifaexdkifol r--(c)r---xH h
1000 jzifh a&mif;cJaMumif;ajymjyD; D G f
yDpueysLwmrsm;\ OS aps; owif;&&Sdonf/ h
Network orm;rsm;taejziftxl; ESpfckrSm 70-162 TS: Forefront
ay;ydkYcH&NyD; tqdkygyef;bJwef; aemufxyfpifumylodkU jyefoGm;& uGufwGif aps;uGufa0pktrsm;qHk; MCTS atmifvufrSwf&&Sd *½kjyKajzqdk&onfh pmar;yGJjzpf Protection for Endpoints and
rSaetdrfwGif wpfvcGJcefYaexdkif rnf[kvmajymaMumif;udk r---- k f k
&,lxm;aom rduc½daqmhz\vHk f rnfh Forefront enf;ynmpmar;yGJ aMumif;? pmar;yGJajzqdkcsdef 3;15 Application pmar;yGJESifh 70-557
um pifumylodkYoGm;Edkif&ef ADZm uwdkifMum;pmjzifhwdkifMum;cJhjcif; jcHKa&;enf;ynm&yftopfjzpfaom oHk;rsKd;txd&SdvmNyD; aemufqHk; em&Day;xm;NyD; tjcm; rdkufc½dk TS: Microsoft Forefront Client
&&Sda&;udk r--u jyKvkyfay;cJh jzpfaMumif; trIudk bl;oD;awmif Forefront pmar;yGJrsm;udk Zefe xGufay:vmaompmar;yGJrSm 70- aqmhzpmar;yGrsm;uJoYdk yiftenf;
f J h J
and Server pmar;yGwYkd jzpfaMumif;
aMumif;ESifh,if;aemufav,mOf &Jpcef; (y)6^12?vlueu;rI wm; k f l 0g&DvaemufqkH;ywfrS pwifum 158 TS: Forefront Identity k k f I f d kd
qH; 70 &mcdiEe;&&S&efvaMumif; od&NyD; BudKwifpm&if;oGif;p&mr
jzifh pifumylodkUoGm;cJhaMumif;ESifh f
qD;umuG,a&;Oya'yk'r 24^32 f jynfwi;ü ajzqdEiNf yDjzpfaMumif;
G f k kd Manager 2010, Configuring jzpf od&onf/ vdkbJ aeYcsif;NyD;ajzqdkEdkifaMumif;
f G
avqdywif vmBudKourPD vkyf l kÜ t&ta&;,laqmif&uvsu&onf/ G f f dS mmknowledge pmar;yGJpifwmrS aMumif;? FIM 2010 udk oHk;pGJrnfh Forefront \tjcm;pmar;yGJ od&onf/
37 commodities prices
azmfjyygaps;EIef;rsm;onf Zefe0g&Dv 20 &ufaehwGif
wpfywftwGi;f kf
&efueaps;EIe;f rsm; aumuf,lxm;aom aps;EIef;rsm;jzpfNyD; 5% rS 10% txd
aps;EIef;tajymif;tvJ&dSEdkifygonf?
EdkifiHwumaiGaMu;vJvS,frIEIef;rsm;
rD;zdkaqmifoHk; ukefpnfrsm;aps;EIef; (usyf) EdkifiHwumukefpnfaps;rsm; ( t a r &d u ef w pf a ': v m ES ifU nD rQ a o m a ps ; EI ef ; jz pf o nf )
k
qefrsK;d pHaps;EIe;f rsm; EdkifiHwumukefpnfaps;EIef;rsm; tm&Saps;uGuf qefaps;EIef; EdkifiHtrnf aiGtrsKd;tpm; 14-1-2012 21-1-2012
Oa&myor*¾ ,l½dk 0 .788 0 .773
a&Tbdkay:qef;arT; 1 jynf 1500 (tar&duefa':vm) (wpfwef? tar&duefa':vm)
NAdwdef aygif 0 .653 0 .642
ykodrfay:qef;arT;(&S,f) 1 jynf 1100 14-1-2012 21-1-2012 k
xdi;f AD,uferf
MopaMw;vs a':vm 0 .969 0 .954
ykodrfay:qef;arT;(xl;xl;½S,f) 1 jynf 1300 a&eHpdrf;(wpfpnf) 99 .03 98 .39 100%qefjzL 546 - uae'g a':vm 1 .023 1 .013
zsmyHkay:qef;arT;(xl;&S,f) 1 jynf 1400 a&T(atmifp) 1639 .06 1666 .55 5%qefusKd;yg 529 485 awmiftmz&du &ef; 8 .133 7 .936
zsmyHkay:qef;arT;(xl;xl;&S,f) 1 jynf 1500 aiG(atmifp) 29 .52 32 .17 10%qefusKd;yg - 475 *syef ,ef; 76 .955 77 .010
rdk;ZD,m(&S,f) 1 jynf 850 "mwfaiGY(mmbtu) 2 .64 2 .38 15%qefusKd;yg - - ,lattD; Dirham 3 .673 3 .673
a';'&Jay:qef;arT;(&S,f) 1 jynf 1000 "mwfqD(wpf*gvef) 2 .75 2 .79 25%qefusKd;yg 525 455 w½kwf ,Grf 6 .306 6 .333
ab;Mum;(½dk;½dk;) 1 jynf 1000 *sKH(aygif 60 tdwf) 6 .70 6 .67 aygif;qef 529 - a[mifaumif a':vm 7 .765 7 .761
ab;Mum;(opf) 1 jynf 800 pifumyl a':vm 1 .293 1 .271
&efukef&Sd yk*¾vdupufoHk;qDta&mif;aps;EIef;rsm; (usyf? Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaehaps;rsm;) rav;&Sm; &if;*pf 3 .133 3 .105
ay:qef;arT;(vwf) 1 jynf 800
qdkiftrnf ta&twGuf "mwfqD 'DZ,f atmufwdef; tdE´d, ½lyD; 51 .529 50 .225
awmifysH(xl;xl;&S,f) 1 jynf 1300
Petro K wpf*gvef - 3487 3645 xdkif; bwf 31 .800 31 .500
awmifysH(opf) 1 jynf 1000
ruf(pf)jrefrm wpf*gvef 3350 3500 3650 w½kwf(wdkifay) a':vm 29 .975 29 .950
bdkuav;ay:qef;arT;(&S,f) 1 jynf 1150 ST Oil wpf*gvef 3350 3500 3600 awmifudk&D;,m; 0rf 1150 .200 1132 .900
ay:uRJ(½dk;½dk;) 1 jynf 800 KZH wpf*gvef 3350 3550 3650 zdvpfydkif Pesos 43 .730 43 .250
a';'&JawmifysH(opf) 1 jynf 1100 NEW DAY wpf*gvef 3350 3550 3700 ½k&Sm; ½lb,f 31 .848 31 .325
awmifysHMuD;(½dk;½dk;) 1 jynf 1000 2000 wpf*gvef 3350 3500 3600 e,l;ZDvef a':vm 1 .260 1 .241
awmifysH(&S,f) 1 jynf 1200 jr0wD wpf*gvef 3350 3500 3600 b*Fvm;a'h&Sf wmum 82 .000 83 .700
raemokctopf(&S,f) 1 jynf 600
{nfUrx(xl;xl;&S,f) 1 jynff 750 a&Taps;EIef;rsm;(usyf)
uRef;a&T0g(&S,f) 1 jynf 700 15yJ&nf f
wpfusyom; 673000
a&T0gxGef;(&S,f) 1 jynf 800 tacguf f
wpfusyom; 715000
a&T0gxGef;(vwf) 1 jynf 750
tom;yQrf;rQaps;EIef;rsm;(usyf)
&mausmf(&S,f) 1 jynff 650
Muufom;(pDyD) 1 ydóm 4000-4500 trJom; 1 ydóm 4500-5000
ipdef 1 jynf 650
Muufom;(Arm) 1 ydóm 5000-6500 0ufom;(oH;k xyfom;) 1 ydóm 4500-5000
qif;oG,vwf f 1 jynf 900
bJom; 1 ydóm 4500-5000 0ufom;(aygifom;) 1 ydóm 6000-7000
aEGZD,m(xl;&S,f) 1 jynff 750
{&marT; 1 jynff 1200
tajccHtdrfaqmufypönf;aps;EIef;rsm;(usyf)
a&T0gxGef;(topf) 1 jynf 600 uke;f tkwf wpfv;kH 96 ausmufp&pf wpfusi;f 55000
&mausmf(½dk;½dk;) 1 jynf 650 qifwHqdyfbdvyfajr wpftdwf 5000 oJMurf; wpfusi;f 9000
ab;Mum; 1 jynf 1000 yJrsKd;pHk FOB aps;EIef;rsm;(wpfwef? tar&duefa':vm)
zsmyHkay:qef;arT;(½dk;½dk;) 1 jynf 1200 rwfyJ FAQ 580-600 yJpif;iHk topfteD 650-670
ykodrfay:qef;arT;(½dk;½dk;) 1 jynf 1100 rwfyJ SQ 630-650 yJpif;iHk topfjzLeD 520-540
aumufnSif;qef(&dk;&dk;) 1 jynf 1100 rwfyJ tcGHcRwftvHk; 830-860 yJpOf;iHk topftjzL 520-540
aumufnSif;qef(&S,f) 1 jynf 1500
rwfyJ tcGHygtvHk; 725-750 ukvm;yJjzLvH;k MuD; tcGHcRwftjcrf; 1015-1040
pm;oHk;qDaps;EIef;rsm; (usyf) rwfyJ tcGHcRwftjcrf; 830-860 ajraxmufyJ FAQ 730-750
ajryJqDoefh 1 ydóm 4000 yJwDpdrf;(tnm) FAQ 670-690 ajraxmufyJ tcGHcRwftjcrf; 915-940
ajryJqD(½dk;½dk;) 1 ydóm 3000-3200 yJwDpdrf;(yckuúL) FAQ 690-710 yJaxmywf tcGHcRwftjcrf; 915-940
yJydpyfqD 1 ydóm 3500 yJwDpdrf; a½T0gtao; 720-740 yJaxmywf FAQ 730-750
ESrf;qD 1ydóm 3000 yJwDpdrf; a½T0gtMu;D 770-790 yJvGef;jzL SQ 880-900
taMumfcHqD 1 ydóm 1900 yJwDpdrf;(tcGHygtvHk;ao;jcrf;) tnm 895-920 pm;awmfyJ tMu;D 1130-1150
38
{&m0wDjrpfa&wdkufpm;rIaMumifU urf;yg;rsm;ydkrdkNydKusvmí aus;&Gmrsm;ESifU oD;ESHpdkufcif;ajrrsm; ESpfpOffqHk;½IH;rIrsm;vm
{&m0wD j rpf a &wd k u f p m;rI wefa&umwmvkyfaqmifcJhaomf
aMumifh yckuúLNrdKUe,fjrpfurf;yg; vnf; tusKd;r&SdqHk;½IH;chJ&aMumif;
ab;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;ESifhpdkufysKd;ajr od&onf/
{uaygif;rsm;pGm ESpfpOfqHk;½IH;rI ]]uRefawmfwdkY &GmawGqDudk
rsm;jym;vmaMumif;? jrpfurf;yg; OD;wdkufaewJh a&vrf;aMumif;udk
NydKrIaMumifh &Gmajrae&m a&TUajymif; kd
ajymif;ay;zdYkvtyfygw,f/ yckuL ú
&rIESifh oD;ESHpdkufysKd;&ef tcuftcJ jrpfaMumif;aumif;oGm;&if urf;
aygif;rsm; MuHKawGUae&aMumif; yg;NydKwmawGoufomr,fvYkd xif
vnf; od&onf/ ygw,f}}[k taemufjrif;uRef;
{&m0wD(yckuúL)wHwm;BuD; &Gmom;wpfOD;u ajymonf/
atmuf jrpfurf;ab;&Gmrsm;jzpf yckuúLNrdKUteD; jzwfoef;pD;
aomukuKú v?S ukuKú ue;? oabFm
d d k f qif;aomjrpfaMumif;onfwaygif;
uke;?py,fue;?taemufjrif;uRe;?
f kf f wefcl;a&enf;yg;vsuf oJaomif
r½dk;ukef;? odrfukef;? &Sm;awm? rsm; tjrJay:xGef;vsuf&SdaMumif;?
xaemif;ukef;? &mausmfcHk&Gmrsm; xdkoJaomifrsm;aMumifh vufyef
{&m0wDjrpfa&wdkufpm;rIaMumifU yckuúLNrdKYe,f&Sd jrpfurf;yg;NydKusrIukd awGY&pOf ajcay:bufrS pD;qif;vmaom
teuf taemufjrif;uRef;? r½dk;
f
uke;? odrue;? &Sm;awm? xaemif;
f kf zdkYajrvnf; ukefaeNyD}}[kodrfukef; k f h ú
rdicefYa0;wJyckuLNrdKUwufNyD; BuHK ausmif;awmfBuD;ta&;udkvnf; ajymonf/ a'ocHtrsm;pkrSm bdk; {&m0wDjrpfa&rSm r½dk;ukef;? odrf;
uke;&Gmrsm;rSmtqd;qH;tajctae
f k k &Gmom;wpfOD;u ajymygonf/ &musyef;aeYcsif;jyefoGm;vkyfae& a'ocHrsm;updk;&drfylyefvsuf&Sdyg bGm;bDbifvufxufuwnf;u ukef;? xaemif;ukef;&Gma'orsm;
dS
a&muf&aeMuygonf/ ]]uReawmf f ]]&Gm&JUrlvyifrae&mu tckoabFm w,f}}[k r½dk;ukef;&Gmom;wpfOD; onf/ ]]NrdKUrSmvdk aiG&Sdwdkif;ajru aexdkifcJhaom ae&mrsm;udkpGefYcGm odYk ESppOfO;wdupeqif;ae aus;
f D k f k f
G
wdYk &ma&TUajymif;&wm'geJYqkd oH;cg k awG c k w f armif;aewJhae&maygh/ uvnf; ajymygonf/ odrfukef; 0,fr&bl;As/ pdkufysKd;ajrr&Sdwm vdkpdwfenf;MuaMumif;? jrpfurf; &Gmtrsm;pk'uM© uHKawGUae&aMumif;
k
&SdaeNyD? a&TUp&majrvnf;r&Sdawmh kd f h
urf;yg;NydKwi;a&TUcJ&vdYk aiGtcuf &Gm&Sd ay 90 t&Snf? tjrifh 30 xuf aep&majrr&S&if yd'ua&muf
d kk © H kd f S f
yg;NydKrI'PfcEiap&ef ,cifEpu vnf; od&onf/
bl;/ pdkufysKd;vkyfudkifpm;aomuf tcJ?ajrtcuftcJawGaMumifav; h ay? 11 yif? 10 cef;? ESpfxyf awmhr,f}}a'ocH&Gmom;wpfOD;u wwfpGrf;orQusyfodef; 30 ausmf aeOD;armif(yckuúL)
txGufEIef;enf;onfh tjyif pyg;aps;raumif;í
awmifolrsm; acs;aiGtwGuf tcuftcJ&Sdae
txGufEIef;enf;onfhtjyif w,f/ pyg;aps;raumif;awmh
pyg;aps;raumif ; aomaMumif h tpdk;&udkay;&r,fh acs;aiG?ukrÜPD
l
awmiforsm;acs;aiGtwGutcuf f awGudk ay;&r,fhaiGawGtwGuf
tcJrsm;&SdaeaMumif; od&onf/ tcuftcJ&Sdygw,f}}[k av;rsuf
dk f
]]oufqi&muawmifoawG l d f
emNrdKUe,f tkiojyKaus;&GmtkyprSf k
udk pyg;aps;aumif;&apcsifw,f/ a'ocHwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/
usyf 320000 aps;&apcsifw,f ]]&efukefwpfae&mrSm usyf
h d
vdYkajymaeayr,fpyg;r&Sawmhusyf kd G
12000 aps;&w,fqvYkdom;a&mif;
oHk;odef;aps;vnf;r&ygbl;/ pyg; wJhtcg usyf 10800? 10500 yJ
aps;uGufuvnf; aysmufovdk S f S k
&ygw,f/ 'DEprmrd;aMumifh ESpcg f
f
jzpfaew,f/ uReawmfwYkda'orSm jyefpdkuf&vdkYtxGuf raumif;&wJh
dS
tckvuf&usyf 260000? 270000 txJaps;uvnf;r&awmhawmif
aps;yJ&Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fhvnf; olawGawmfawmftcuftcJjzpf
0,fvufaysmufaeygw,f/a&mif; aeygw,f}}[ka'ocHawmifowpfO;D l
vdkY&&ifvnf; ta
r,fawmfurf;ezl;&Sd aomif&if;e,fjcm;aps;½HkBuD;wGif
f
e,fpyfwHwm;zGih vSpfNyD;aemufta&mif;t0,fydkoGufvm
jr0wDwpfzufurf;aomif&if; ezl;&Sd e,fjcm;aps;½HkBuD;wGifpm;
jrpftem;owfpnf;wGifzGifhvSpfxm; k f f
aomufueypön;rsm;a&mif;csjcif;
onf h r,f a wmf e ,f j cm;aps;½H k r&SdbJ jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI tEkynm
BuD;wGifjrefrmhtEkynmvuf&m vuf&m yef;yk½kyfrsm;? xdkif;,Of
yef ; yk r sm;ud k wcrf ; wem;cif ; aus;rIyef;yk½kyfrsm;? xdkif;EdkifiH
usif;a&mif;csvsuf&Sdjcif;aMumifh f k
vkyvYl toH;taqmifrsm;? w½kwf
jynfwGif;jynfyc&D;oGm;rsm;tm; EdkifiHxkwfvloHk;ukefrsm;? vQyfppf
qGJaqmifvsuf&SdNyD; 17 vMum f
ypön;rsm;?t0wftxnfrsm;t"du
,m,Dydwfxm;cJhonfh e,fpyfwH a&mif;csvsuf&SdaMumif;od&onf/
G hf S f kd
wm;jyefvnfzivpvuNf yD;aemuf e,fjcm;aps;½HBk uD;wGif jrefrm
kd kd G f
ta&mif;t0,fyrouvmaMumif; tEkynmyef;ykrsm;tjyif,e;xnf G f
tqdkygaps;wGifyef;ykqdkifzGifhvSpf rsm;? a&Tcsnfxdk;aiGcsnfxdk;rsm;?
a&mif;csaeolrsm;xHrS od&onf/ df
ausmufpr;?y,if;ESiwi;&if;om; hf kd f
xdkif;EdkifiH wmhc½dkifcspfMunf k kH
rsm;\½d;&m0wfprsm;vnf;cif;usi; f
a&;wHwm;xdyf aomif&if;jrpfurf; f dS
a&mif;csvsu&aMumif; od&onf/
39
wmhc½dkiftajcpdkuf udk&D;,m;vkyfief;&Sifrsm; aejynfawmfysOf;rem;NrdKY e,fwGif;ü rD;ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfay:apEdkifonfU
aejynfawmfwGif tvkyf½Hkpuf½HkcGJrsm; zGih fvSpfrnf vkyfief;rsm;ESifU "mwfaiGYypönf;rsm;&SdonfUae&mrsm;udk ppfaq;rnf
f D f k f k f
tdre;csi;xdi;EdiiH wmhc½dif k uenf;jytaeeJYoGm;vkyf&r,f/ rsm;ydYkcsjcif;? pmoifausmif;tajc
r,fye,ftwGi; tajccsvkyuif f f kd pufu&d,mawG uwfaMu;utp jyKtodynmjzefYa0jcif;? aq;½Hk
vsuf&Sdaom udk;&D;,m;EdkifiHom; *syefjzpfyJoHk;w,f/ xdkif;uwf kd f
rsm;? qDqirsm;? aps;rsm;ESihf puf
puf½Hktvkyf½Hkydkif&Sifrsm;taejzifh aMu;awGqkd 0g,mBudK;jzwfvkd r& h I kf
rIvufrvyief;rsm;vkyuionfh f kd f
w½kwfjynfpD;yGm;a&;aps;uGufESifh bl;/ pufud&d,mawGpHkrSqdkawmh ae&mrsm;wGif &yfuGuftvdkuf
f G f I G f l
ukeo,rv,urnfjh refrmEdiiH k f {NyDvavmufjzpfr,fvdkY ajymyg ppfaq;rIrsm;udkaqmif&Gufvsuf
aejynfawmfpufrIZkefwGif puf½Hk w,f}}[k r,fye,f&vQyfppf0g &SdaMumif; od&onf/
f kH JG hf S f kd f
tvky½crsm;zGivpEi&eftaqmuf ,mBudK;udGKifrsm; xkwfvkyfonfh ]] rD;ab;tEÅ&m,fMudKwif
kf
tOD;ydi;rsm;jyifqifvsu&aMumif; f dS puf½HkrSjrefrmtrsKd;orD;wpfOD;u umuG,fzdkY ppfaq;rIjyKvkyfwJht
od&onf/ ajymonf/ f k f S
cgvkyief;wpfccsi;pDrmtm;enf;
wmhc½dkiftwGif;&Sd rJaqmuf? ]]puf½HkxJrSm tvkyfcGiftkyf f dS
csuawG&wmawGY&w,f/ Oyrm
r,fawmf? r,fye,fwGifpuf½Hk csKyfolxdkif;trsKd;orD;awGawmif tm;jzifh tcsKdYvkyfief;awGqdk
tvkyf½Hktajrmuftjrm;&Sd&m udk&D; olaX;&Sdae&if olwdkYpwdkiftwdkif; k
"mwfBudK;ud,m,Do,wef;BudK; G f
,m;vkyfief;&Sifrsm; ydkifqdkifonfh twdktjywfr0wf&JMubl;/ jrefrm k
oH;wmrsm;w,f/ &yfuuawGrm G f S
f f
vQyppfypön;f udKGirsm;(t&G,tpm;pH) f k awG0wfovdkyJ0wfMuw,f/ 'D qdkd&if rD;csdwf? rD;uwfxm;&Sd&if
xkwfvkyfonfhpuf½HkwGif jrefrm puf½HkrSmjrefrm,Ofaus;rIvTrf;yg awmifrS pHcsdefpHnTef;rrDwmawG
tvkyorm; 500 ausmf0ifa&muf
f w,f}}[kqufvufajymMum;onf/ 2010 jynfh ESpftwGif;u ysOf;rem;NrdKYe,f aygif;avmif;&yfuGufwGif rD;avmifrIjzpfyGm;cJUpOf awGY&w,f/rD;owfaq;bl;xm;
vkyfudkifvsuf&Sdonf/ aomif&if;wpfzufurf; wmh aejynfawmfysOf;rem;NrdKU awG? NrdKYe,fawGrSm rD;ab;tEÅ awG? aq;½Hkvdkae&mrsKd;awGrSm d I
&Srvnf;enf;yg;wmawGY&w,f}}
]]nDrwdkY rMumcifaejynf c½dkiftwGif; puf½Hktvkyf½Hk&mESifh e,fü rD;ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfay: &m,fMudKwifumuG,rawGjyKvkyf f I rD;vefYr,fqdk&if rD;cdk;aiGY&wmeJY [k¤if;uqufvuf&i;jycJonf/ S f h
awmfrSmoGm;vkyf&r,f/ bmvdkY D dS kH
cs&aeNyD;,if;puf½rsm;wGif jrefrm k f I
apEdirukd BudKwifumuG,&eft ygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJhvu &efukefNrdKY
f aoqHk;EdkifwJhvlemawG&Sdw,f/ 'g h h
NyD;cJonf2011 ckEpwpfEpf S f S
vJqdkawmh udk&D;,m;vlrsKd;olaX; tvkyform;tajrmuftjrm;0if wGufpufrIvufrIvkyfief;rsm;? rSmjzpfay:wJh aygufuGJrIjzpfpOfNyD; h D kd kd
aMumif'vae&mawGuppfaq;NyD; wmumvwGif aejynfawmfysOf;
u ajymw,f/ xdkif;rSmvkyfvnf; a&mufvkyfudkifvsuf&SdaMumif;? df h
rD;ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEkionf"mwf wJaemufrm aejynfawmfrmvnf;
h S S vdktyf&ifvdktyfwJhtodynmydkif; rem;NrdKUe,fürD;avmifuRrf;rI 12
jrefrmtvkyform;awGyJtm;udk; EdkifiHjcm;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;taejzifh aiGYypönf;rsm;&Sdonfhae&mrsm;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEkir,fypön; d f h f awGjzefYa0oGm;rSmyg}}[k ysOf;rem; G h k D fh
Budrjf zpfym;cJum rD;zdr;ESiayghq
&w,f/ w½kwfaps;uGufudkwifydkY k f H G f
jrefrmEdiiwivma&mufNyD; puf½Hk aq;½Hkrsm;udkppfaq;ívlxkMum; awGudk a'otmPmydkifawGeJYyl; NrdKUe,frD;owfOD;pD;XmerS wm0ef rD;aMumihf rD;avmifuRr;rI 75 &m f
zdkYvG,fulatmif aejynfawmfrSm tvkyf½Hkrsm;zGifhvSpfvdkMuaMumif; ü todynmjzefYa0oGm;rnfjzpf aygif;NyD; ppfaq;zdkY nTefMum;xm; &SdolwpfOD;u qdkygonf/ k f I f D
cdiEe;&SNd yD;vQyfppfr;avmifuRrf;
puf½HkzGifhvSpfzdkYtaqmuftODydkif; tqdkygpuf½Hkrsm;wGif 0ifa&muf aMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/ ygw,f/ vuf&SdrSm qDqkdifawGudk rD;ab;tEÅ&m,fMudKwifum rIrSm 25 &mcdkifEIef;&SdaMumif;
awG j yif a eygNyD / NyD ; &if j ref r m vkyfudkifaeolrsm;xHrSod&onf/ ]] yGihfvif;&moDa&muf&if ykH ppfaq;wm&Sdovdk vkyfief;cGifxJ uG,f&eftwGuf apwemh0efxrf; od&Sd&ygonf/
tvkyform;awGac:r,f/ nDrwdkY udka&Todef;(jr0wD) rSevy½;vkypOftwdi; &yfuuf rSmqdk&iftEÅ&m,f&SdEdkifwJh vkyfief;
f k f kd f k f G rD;owfwyfzGJY0ifrsm;udk oifwef; aejynfawmfowif;tzGJY
jrefrmEdkifiHoGm;bufqdkif&m q&m0eftoif; yJcl;toif;cGJrS tcrJhuGif;qif;uko ,ckESpf&ckdifa'o qm;txGufEIef;enf;EkdifaMumif; od&
jrefrmEdkifiHoGm;bufqdkif&m yJcl;toif;cGJtaejzifh yxr vl e mrsm;tm; aq;0g;rsm;ES i f h ,ckESpftwGif;&ckdifjynfe,f vGefpGmenf;yg;rnfjzpfaMumif;? qm;awGawmif&Sdao;w,f/ tck
q&m0eftoif; yJcl;toif;cGJrS H f
OD;qk;tBudrjf yKvkyay;cJjh cif;jzpfNyD; twlom;wduaq;bl;? oGm;wduf
G k f k rSqm;aps;uGufjyefvnf&Sifoef ,cifvufa[mif;qm;rsm;ukdom qm;opfay:vmawmh qm;opf
2012 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv 8 &uf oGm;bufqdkif&m q&m0ef 13 OD; wHrsm;udkyg tcrJhjzefYa0ay;cJh h dk f
vmonfwiqm;txGuEe;enf; f I f wifyYdkMu&rnfjzpfNyD;qm;opfxuf G f
eJYqm;a[mif; ESprsKd;jzpfvmw,f/
l k f
aeYu yJc;wdi;a'oBuD; oeyfyif jzifh vlemOD;a& 150 ausmuuo f kd k onf/ tqdkygukrÜPDtpDtpOf Ek d i f a Mumif ; vk y f i ef ; &S i f r sm;u &SdrIrSmt&ifESpfrsm;uxuf avsmh wifykdYEkdifr,f? 0,fvkdtm;awG&Sd
d f k
NrdKUe,f usKuy'diBf uD;aus;&GmwGif k f hJ
ay;EdicaMumif; od&onf/ xdYk jyif k
twGuf vdtyfaomaq;0g;ypön; f okH;oyfajymqkdMuygonf/ qm; enf;oGm;EkdifaMumif; pD;yGm;a&; h dk f S f
vmwJwiEpzuftqifajywJaps; h
hf H G f h G f
oGm;ESicwi;tcrJui;qif;uko usef;rma&;todynma[majym l d
rsm;udk yJc;NrdKU&SarwåmOD;aq;pwd;k G f
onfjynfe,fwi;xGuuewpfck f k f vkyfief;&Sifrsm;u okH;oyfonf/ EIef;jzpfzkdYawmh vkdw,f}}[kqm;
f h
ay;rItpDtpOfjyKvkyay;cJaMumif; yGJudkyg usif;yEdkifcJhaMumif; od&Sd& rS vSL'gef;cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; od& jzpfonfhwkdif0,fvkdtm; usqif; ]]tckrS b*Fvm;a'h&uqm;ykYd
fS dk f f D
vkyief;&SiwpfO;uajymMum;onf/
od&onf/ onf/ onf/ xifay:(yJcl;) aeojzihf qm;aps;uGuftwGuf r,fqkdawmh qm;txGufEIef;u aps;uGuftwGif; qm;wpf
qm;aps;rsm;at;aecJhonfrSm ESpf odyfr&Sdawmhbl;/ qm;aps;aumif; ydómrSmusyf 100 ausmf&Sdaomf
rdvmwGif;xJokdh vufpGyfqif;&Smol oHk;OD;toufqHk;½IH;
v
tawmfMumcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;? qm;
aps;jyefaumif;vmonfqkdaomf
r&wJtwGuxwvyoawGvnf;
h f k f kf l
odyr&Sawmhb;/ xkwvyrp&dwf
f d l f k f I
vnf; qm;Murf;wpfydomrSm 25
usyfcefYaps;&SdaMumif;? ukefusrI
f k
a&mfbmjcHrsm;wGitoH;jyKMuaom vnf;cPwmjzihfjyefusoGm;avh kd f S d
eJYuuromjyefa&mif;EkiMf urSmuk;/ d rsm;ukdxnfhaygif;vQif *kda'gif
qmjzL&pftufqpfoHk;ykvif;&Sm &SdaMumif;? ,if;okdYjzpf&jcif;rSm f
qm;aps;uGu[mb*Fvm;a'h&EiiH fS dk f ta&mufqm;wpfydómaps;rSm
azGumrdv’musif;xJavmif;xnhf b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHrS qm;vkdtyf k d DS dk
wpfcwnf;ukrcae&wmvnf;yg kf
usyf 40 cefYueusaMumif;? vuf&dS
f
NyD;em&D0ufcefUtMumwGiaemfuukd kd csufukdtajccHum xkwfvkyfae& wmaygh/ ½k;ra&SUbufuwifyYdkwm
d dk owif;rsm;t& qm;wifyYdkrrsm;ukd I
(c)pdwfwdk(34)ESpf(b)OD;OmPf jcif;aMumifhjzpfaMumif;od&onf/ uykHrSefr&Sdbl;/ vkdtyfwJhtcsdefrS b*Fvm;a'h&SfrS vufcHrnfqkdjcif;
od e f ; u yxrqH k ; qif ; oG m ;&m ,cktcgwGif b*Fvm;a'h&Sf wifydkY&wmqkdawmh qm;vkyfief; rS m qm;vk y f i ef ; &S i f r sm;twG u f
tcsdeftenf;i,fMumonftxd d f H
EkiirS qm;rsm;0,f,rnfqaomf l dk awG tcufawGU&w,f/ 'gayr,fh aumif;aomtajctaejzpfaMumif;
rnfonfhtoHrMum;í udkrsKd;jrihf vnf; &ckdifrSqm;wifykdYEkdifrIonf qm;*kda'gifawGxJrSmawmh rESpfu od&onf/ vdIif(ppfawG)
vdkufqif;oGm;NyD; usif;xJüvJus
oGm;aMumif;? usif;teD;&dSaeaom
OD;tHk;wif(c)zdk;Mo(52)ESpf(b)
qD;0,fvufr&Sdí tnma'oqD;aps;uGuftajctaeqdk;0g;vsuf&Sd
OD;at;armifu tdrf&SiftrsKd;orD; jynfy0,fvufr&Sdí 2011 &wJhtcsdefaps;uusoGm;a&m}}[k trsm;pkrSmtnma'oqD;csOfjzKef;
udktoday;umtultnDay;&ef ckESpftwGif; tnma'oqD;aps; qD;vkyief;&SiwpfO;uajymonf/
f f D d D k
tm;enf;NyD;tcsKo;udvnf; ykv?J
vdkufqif;cJhNyD;usif;xJta&muf f k
uGutajctaeqd;0g;aeaMumif;? 2012 ckESpf ESpfqef;ydkif;qD; rk'kHe,frsm;rSwpfydóm usyf 450
vJusNidrfoufoGm;aMumif;? usif; yck u ú L a'orS ES p f p Of q D ; &moD aps;uGuftajctaerSm qD;jcrf; f f
EIe;om&íESppOfjynfy0,fvufukd
tem;a&mufaeaom OD;atmifjrwf tcsdefwif;aygif; 10 odef;0ef; wpfwif;cGJwpftdwfusyf 1000? tm;xm;ae&aMumif; od&onf/
u ulnD&efusif;xJodkYqif;aepOf usifxGuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/ tcsOf oD;qD;qHwpfwif;cGJusyf f
]]qD;vkyief;uvuf0ifw,f/
ywf0ef;usiteD;tem;uvltrsm;
f qD;&moDrSm rwf? {NyD? arv 7800? qD;rIefwpftdwfusyf 500? MumMumavSmifxm;&ifvnf;ta&mif
0dkif;0ef;qJGwifumowd&ap&efjyK f
rsm;jzpfNyD;use&moDücyfyg;yg;om H d f
qD;tcGwpftwusyf 500? qD;oD; rvSbl;/ teHYuvnf;raumif;wJh
vkyfNyD; oHjzLZ&yfjrdKUe,faq;½Hk d ú kf
&SaMumif;?yckuLc½ditwGi;ayguf? f tajcmufwpfwif;usyf 1500 rS tjyif t&omuvnf; enf;oGm;
rdv’mwGif;xJodkY qmjzL&pf omvrf;ae udkrsKd;jrihf(c)uGef odkYydkYaqmifcJh&mjyefvnfoufom NrdKifa'orsm;rSm qD;xGuftm; 2000?qdwfpm;qD;usyf 4000 rS w,f/ qD;0,f,lNyD;jcrf;&w,f/
tufqpfjyif;xnhfjyD; vufpGyf Avdkif(39)ESpf\ZeD; rcifcifrdk; vmaMumif;od&onf/ usif;xJus taumif;qk;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/
H d
6000 aps;&SaMumif;? qD;qHuom kd jym&w,f/ trIefYtqHcGJxkwf&
qif;&SmoloHk;OD;tqdyfaiGU½SLrdNyD; onf tdrfomwuf&if;ig;rl;om; aeol o H k ; OD ; tm;q,f w if E d k i f c J h ]]qD;uMuufoGefvdk r[kwf w½kwfESifhudk&D;,m;u 0,f,lMu w,f}}[k qD;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u
toufqHk;½HI;cJhaMumif;od&onf/ a&Tvufpywpfui;rdvmusi;odUk
G f G f ’ f H
aomfvnf;toufq;Hk ½I;cJNh yD;jzpfpOf bl;/ aps;udkuf&ifckavSmifcka&mif; aMumif;od&onf/ qD;qHEe; usyf I f ajymonf/ qD;vkyfief;ü aeYpm;
jzpfpOfrSm Zefe0g&Dv 16 usoGm;cJh&m vufpGyfjyefvnf&Sm tm;tydkif&Jpcef;u aorIaocif; vdkY&w,f/ qD;u ukefMurf;uae 18000 txd 2010 jynfEparv h S f tvkyform;rsm;om&SdNyD; usyf
&ufaeY eHeuf 10 em&DcefUwGif azG&ef teD;em;aexdkifolrsm;udk (2^2012)jzihftrIzGihfxm;aMumif; f hf Hk
ukeacsmjzpfatmiftedrq;ajcmuf ydkif;uaumif;cJhí awmifolESifh 2500? 3000 0ef;usifjzpfNyD; jymc
rGefjynfe,f oHjzLZ&yfNrdKUe,f tulnDawmif;cHcJhonf[kod&yg [kod&onf/ vMumrSa&mif;&w,f/aps;aumif; vkyief;&Sirsm;tqifajycJaMumif;?
f f h rSmwpfjynfusyf250 jzpfaMumif;
usKHu'wfpHjyaus;&Gm jynfawmf onf/ udkrsKd;jrihfonfa'owGif; armifarmifa&TNrdKif(armfvNrdKif) &vnf;a&mif;vdkYr&bl;/ ukefacsm jynfwGif;pm;aomufukefvkyfief; od&onf/ aeOD;armif(yckuúL)
40
yJcl;NrdKYESifhoeyfyifNrdKYtMum; jr0wDukefoG,frIvrf;(tm&Svrf;)ydkif;&Sd vrf;usdK;csdKifhcGufrsm;aMumifh ,mOfwdrf;arSmufrIESifh ukefpnfpD;qif;rIrsm;aESmifh aES;
um;vrf;ray:wGif xGefpuf jynfwGif;odkY ukefpnfxdk; w,f/ vrf;v,fcsKdifhxJ usNyD;
azmuf0ifa&mufrI taumif;qHk; G
arSmufom;wm rsuEm? vufawG? f S
(axGvm)wpfpD; wdrf;arSmuf jzpfaom jr0wDe,fpyfpD;yGm;a&; k G
'l;awGpwjf ywfom;w,f/[di;a0; k f
l hf
yJc;NrdKUESioeyfyifNrdKUtMum; ukefoG,frIvrf;aMumif;ay:rS aeY kd
vrf;rBuD;rSm'Dvvrf;taygufBuD;
yJcl;-oeyfyif um;vrf;ray:&Sd pOfc&D;onfESifh ukefpnfydkYaqmif awGjzpfaeawmh tEÅ&m,ft&rf;
rdkifwdkiftrSwf(5^3)ESifh (5^4) a&;armfawmf,mOfBuD;i,f 1000 rsm;ygw,f}}[kjr0wDNrdKUbk&ifaemif h
tMum;wGif Zefe0g&Dv 17&ufaeY ausmfcefYtwufwpf&uf? tqif; aps; taemufbufaeol a'ocH
n10;30em&DtcsdefcefYü xGefpuf wpf&ufoGm;vmaeaomfvnf; jr wpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/
(axGvm)wpfpD; wdrf;arSmufrIjzpf 0wDaumhu&dwfvrf;ydkif;&Sd tcsKdU jr0wDa'geawmifausmf ukef
yGm;cJhNyD;vlwpfOD;aoqkH;cJhaMumif; ae&mrsm;wGif jzpfay:aeaom oG,fvrf;ydkif;? aumu&dwf -
od&onf/ vrf;usKd;csdKifhcGufrsm;aMumifh qdkif atmufAdkvfwJvrf;ydkif;wGifvnf;
c&rf;NrdKUe,fxGuf z&JoD; u,frsm;rMumcPwdrf;arSmufrI armfawmf,mOf qdkifu,frsm;oGm;
tvkH; 600cefYwifaqmifum yJcl; f D
jzpfay:NyD;ukepnfp;qif;rIuvnf;kd vmr&avmufatmifaygufjyJ ysuf
f
bufoYkdarmif;ESivmpOf(ZETOR) aESmifhaES;apaMumif; od&onf/ pD;aejcif;? MuHhcdkifrIr&SdbJoGm;vm
d f
trsK;pm;xGepufrmvuf,mbuf S ]]ukeo,a&;Zkeudk udp&vYdk
f G f f ö dS onfh,mOfrsm;aMumifhvrf;ydwfqdkY
f G f
a&SUbD;jyKwxuívrf;\nmbuf toGm; twlygvmoluvrf;ab; f G f
rIjzpfjcif;? ukeo,a&;ZkerS xGuff
tjcrf;odkYusNyD; wdrf;arSmufcJhjcif; uoGm;?uRefawmfu vrf;tv,f raysmufao;bl;}}[kudk,fwdkifMuHK d f k f H J
td?k xki;Ediiraqmuf-jrefrmEkiiH d f tyd k i f ; wpf c k j zpf a om jr0wD - vmNyD;aomfvnf;ppfaq;a&; *dwf
jzpfNyD; yJcl;wdkif;a'oBuD; u0NrdKU uyHkrSefav;armif;oGm;wm?cspfol &olwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/ jr0wD - armf v Nrd K if u d k jzwf í f
oCFe;nDaemifvrf;ydi;wGif vrf;k f rsm;wGif tcsdefydkMumae&jcif;wdkY
e,f uHxl;aus;&Gmae,mOfarmif; rsm; O,smOftvGefa&mufawmh tm&Swdkuf awmifydkif;ESifh taemufzufb*Fvm;a'h&?fS tdE, d´ csKdifhcGufBuD;rsm; jzpfay:vsuf&Sd h S hf k f
aMumifc&D;onfEiuepnfp;qif; D
pdefoef;(46)ESpfrSm xGefpufacgif; S f
tm&Svrf;rBu;D tv,frm½kww&uf ta&SUawmiftm&Sa'o\ pD;yGm; Ediixom;vmEdirnfta&SUtaemuf
kfH d G kf h aMumif; od&onf/ kd h
rIuaESmifaES;aponf[k jr0wDNrdKU
J d
wGyí tcif;jzpfae&müyifaoqk; H csKdifheufBuD;xJusNyD; qdkifu,f a&;tcsutcsmusonfvrf;rBuD;
f h pD;yGm;a&;pBuFefvrf;r(East West k
]]nqdawmh bmrSrawGU&bl;/ rS pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;xHrS
cJaMumif;od&onf/ xifay:(yJc;)
h l arSmufoGm;wm/ tckxd'Pf&m tjzpf AD,uferfEdkifiH'geef;rS vm Economic Corridor) \ tpdwf tm&Svrf;rdkY yHkrSefxufydkarmif;rd od&Sd&onf/ udka&Todef;(jr0wD)
ppfawGurf;ajcwGif bef*vkd rMumrD
zGifUvSpfawmUrnf[k od&Sd&
yifv,furf;ajcwpfckjzpf taejzihf urf;ajc[kdwnfwGif
aomppfawGyifv,furf;ajcawmf d dk f h d
wnf;ckEiouJoYdkrom;pkrsm;tae
0if,smOfwGif wnfaqmufvsuf h d d f
jzifvnf;xkbef*vkrsm;wGiwnf;ckd
&Sdonfhbef*vkdrsm; rMumrDzGifh Ekdif&eftwGuf pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpf
f
vSpawmhrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/ aMumif; od&onf/
d d
tqkygbef*vkrsm;onf ppf k dS
]]'Durf;ajcrSm [dw,f&aeNyD?
awGurf;ajcwGif yxrqkH;wnf d d
bef*vkr&Sao;bl;/'gaMumihf c&D;
aqmufaom bef*vkdrsm;jzpfNyD; oGm;awGtqifajyatmif aqmuf
Gf
jynfwi;jynfyc&D;oGm;rsm;wnf;ckd f f
vkywmyg/ cGijhf yKcsu&wmeJY csuf
Ekdif&efpDpOfxm;aMumif;od&onf/ S d
csif;zGijhf zpfrmyg}}[k bef*vkwnf
,ckumvonf c&D;oGm;&moDjzpf aqmuf o l w pf O D ; u ajymMum;
ojzihf jynfwi;jynfyc&D;oGm;rsm;
G f onf/ om;BuD;jrwf(ppfawG)
weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;&Sd avS0ifavSxGufppfaq;a&;
(Check Point)wGif e-u-orxm;&SdawmhaMumif;od&
NrdwfNrdKU tjynfjynfqkdif&m ig;av;vHwHwm;ae&mrS ppfaq;a&;jyKvkyf&mae&m
weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;&Sd ae&muae tck e-u-o udk
avS 0 if a vS x G u f ppf a q;a&; rxm;&Sdawmhbl;vdkU Mum;od&yg
(check point) wGif e.u.o(e,f w,f/ Zefe0g&Dv 16 &ufaeYu
k f G f d
pyfueo,a&;)a&; rxm;&Sawmh wnf;u em;vdkufwmyg/ tckqdk
aMumif; od&onf/ G f d ö
avS0ifavSxuupawGrm wjcm; S
weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;&Sd zGJUawGyJ ppfaq;xGufcGmcGifhay;
ig;zrf;vkyfief;rsm;? ig;o,fa& aeygw,f/ Check point uawmh
f G
,mOfrsm;ESihf ukeavSrsm; 0ifxuf NrdwfrSmwpfck NrdwfuRef;pktwGif;
k f
oG m ;vm&mwG i f ppf a q;onh f rSmqd0g;uRe;rSmwpfcjk y&w,f}}[k
(Check Point)wGif e,fpyfukef at;*sifhwpfOD;uajymMum;onf/
f d
oG,a&;ukZefe0g&Dv 16 &ufaeY ,ckvuf&Sd One stop servic
d
rSpwifNyD;rxm;&SawmhaMumif;od& pepfjzifhppfaq;um avS0ifavS
onf/ xGuf aqmif&Gufjcif;udkNrdwfNrdKU
]] Check Point rSmu One tif;av;NrdKif&dS tjynfjynf qdi&m k f
stop servic pepfxJrSm ig;OD;pD;? ig;avvHaps;ae&mwGif aqmif
tcGef? p&z? euopwJhtzGJUawG &Gufvkyfudkifay;aeaMumif; od&
tygt0ifwjcm;tzGJUawGvnf;&Sd onf/ aZmfrdk;OD;(Nrdwf)
eDvmAk'¨*,mbk&m;zl;tzGJY uHprf;rJzGifUyGJ Myanmar Beer \ Chinese
New Year 2012
a':at;at;armf(tkyfcsKyfrI'g½dkufwm? OD;atmifaX;('g½dkufwm?
eDvmtjynfjynfqkdif&mc&D;oGm;vkyfief;) eDvmtjynfjynfqkdif&mc&D;oGm;vkyfief;) Ak'¨*,mbk&m;zl;tcrJUvdkufygcGifU&&SdonfU uHxl;&SifoHk;OD;tm; awGY&pOf
eDvmtjynfjynfqdkif&mc&D; ESifh eDvmAk'¨*,mbk&m;zl;tzGJU\ 0g&Dv 19 &ufaeYu &efukefNrdKU&Sd uHxl;olrsm;udk Ak'¨*,mbk&m;zl; Mr.Lim Yew Hoe OD;jrifUaZmf
oGm;vkyfief;\ tkyfcsKyfrI 'g½dkuf tzGJUtrSwfpOf (45-46^2011- Traders Hotel wGif jyKvkyfcJhNyD; c&D;pOf tcrJhydkYaqmifay;rnfjzpf (jrefrmb½l0g&DvDrdwuf) (jrefrmb½l0g&DvDrdwuf)
wm a':at;at;armf\ arG;aeYyGJ 2012)\ uHprf;rJzGifhyGJudk Zefe txl;qkokH;qk a&G;cs,fay;cJhum aMumif; od&onf/
Myanmar Beer \Chinese e,f 19 vrf;xdyfwGif jyKvkyfcJh&m
BRAND Muufaygif;&nftaMumif; &Sif;vif;yGJ New Year 2012 udk Zefe0g&Dv
18 &ufaeYu &efueNf rdKU vomNrdKU
k
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh zdwfMum;xm;
olrsm; wufa&mufcJhonf/
BRAND Muuf a ygif ; &nf
wGif yg0ifonfh tm[m&"mwfrsm; COTTO Thank You Party
taMumif; &Sif;vif;onfhtcrf;
tem;udk Zefe0g&Dv 18 &uf
aeYu &efukefNrdKU&Sd Parkroyal Ho-
f hJ
tel wGijf yKvkyc&m Cerebos Picific
Limited rS wm0ef & S d o l r sm;?
Dr.Param Jeep (Chief Scientist, udkausmfudkudk0if; (Marketing zdwMf um;xm;olrsm; wufa&mufchJ
Cerebos Picific Limited) Manager, BRAND) f
ukNd zKd ;rif;ausm(Operation Director) aMumif; owif;&&Sdygonf/
LCCI Level 4 jy|mef;pmtkyfrsm;tm; oifwef;ausmif;rsm;odkY ay;tyfyGJtcrf;tem; OD;pdkif;&D (President, Focus a':oif;oif; (MD,Focus
Enterprise Company Limited) Enterprise Company Limited)
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;udk awGY&pOf
Mr. Alan Smart (Country OD;ausmfxif (Business Develop- COTTO aqmufvkyfa&;vkyf u Sedona Hotel wGifusif;ycJh&m
Director, British Council) ment Consultant, LCCI ) Mr. Alan Smart rS oifwef;ausmif;wpfcktwGuf jy|mef;pmtkyfay;tyfpOf dS l hf d
ief;okH;ypönf;rsm;\ 1 Anniver- wm0ef&orsm;ESizwMf um;xm;ol
st
LCCI Level 4 jy|mef;pmtkyf ay;tyfyGJtcrf;tem;udk Zefe0g wGifusif;ycJh&m NAdwdoQaumifpDrS rsm;rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm; wufa&muf sary of Pride and Thank You rsm;wufa&mufcJhaMumif; od&Sd&
rsm;tm;oifwef;ausmif;rsm;odkY d
&Dv 19 &ufaeYuNAdwoQaumifpD wm0ef&Sdolrsm;? oifwef;ausmif; cJYaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ Party udk Zefe0g&Dv 16 &ufaeY onf/
tZ#m 2012 atmifjcif;&Spfyg;ESifU rD'D,mwkdhawGYqkHyGJ
Akdvfuav;wifUatmif rEåav;odef;aZmf ESif;&Doefh
rEÅav;odef;aZmf\ tZ#m f G
&Dv 18 &ufaeY rGe;vGJ 2 em&Dwif jrefrmoDcsif;tqkdawmfrsm;u Ak'¨
f D
2012 atmifjcif;&Spyg;ESihf rD',m Central Hotel ü usif;yjyKvkyfcJh f dk
*kPawmfua&;zGUJ xm;aomoDcsi; f
wkdYawGYqkHyGJtcrf;tem;ukd Zefe0g d J G
onf/ tqkygyGwif acwfa[mif; rsm;ukd oDqkdcJhMuonf/
Mon Shine ukrÜPD\ uHprf;rJazmufyGJESifh aus;Zl;wifnpmpm;yGJ
OD;jraomif;(refae*sif;'g½kdufwm) [def;a0,H csrf;csrf;
Mon Shine International uHprf;rJazmufyGJESifh npmpm;yGJt &m ukrÜPDrS wm0ef&Sdolrsm; zdwf
Ü D
Trading ukrPrS Dealer BuD;rsm; crf;tem;ukd Zefe0g&Dv 19 &uf Mum;xm;olrsm;ESifh tEkynm&Sif
tm; aus;Zl;wkHYjyefonfhtaejzifh aeYu Chatrium Hotel wGif usif; rsm; wufa&mufcJhMuygonf/
Page 42
½kyf&SifESifhAD'D,dkZmwfum;rsm;tm; qifqmppfaq;&ef e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;rS AD'D,dkZmwfum;rsm;0,f,lrIEIef; xuf0ufcefhusqif;oGm;
wifjy&mü xkwfvkyfol? 'g½dkufwm? o½kyfaqmifwdkh\ 0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;?&Srf;jynfe,f?
rGefjynfe,f? ppfudkif;wdkif;a'o
oabmwlnDcsufjzifh wifjy&ef aMunmcsufxkwfjyef BuD;? ucsifjynfe,fponfa'o
rsm;wGif ydkrdkodompGmusqif;cJh
h
f S f S hf D D kd
½ky&iEiA',Zmwfum;rsm; d
wmrsK;utajzrSer[kwb;vdYkxiff f l jcif;jzpfonf/
tm; qifqmjyoppfaq;&efwif ygw,f}}[k 'g½dkufwmwpfOD;u ]]e,faps;uGufutodom
jy&mü xkwfvkyfol? 'g½dkufwm? &Sif;jycJhonf/ qHk;yJ/ t&if,laeusxuf xuf
o½kyfaqmifwdkY\ oabmwlnD xdkYtjyifAD'D,dkxkwfvkyfol kd h
0ufavmufuavQmcsNyD;,lw,f/
csufvufrSwftppfjzifh wifjy&ef wpfOD;uvnf; ]]t&ifuawmh k f
rif;om;qdvnf;xdywef;ig;a,muf
aMunmcsuftopftm; xkwfjyef f kf l
xkwvyo&UJ od&aMumif;vufrwf Sd S avmufudk t&ifurnnf;rnL
cJhonf[k owif;&&dSonf/ tqdk eJYtwl qifqmMunfh½Ippfaq; h
0,fayr,ftckawmht'rif;om; J D
ygxkwjf yefaMunmcsuukd Zefe0g f cGifhwifjyvdkY&ayr,fh tckuawmh ig;a,mufavmufuawmift&ifkd
&DvyxrywftNy;D wGixwjf yefaMu f k k f f
'g½duwm?o½kyaqmifawG&UJ vuf aps;xuf xuf0ufavQmNh yD;0,f
d k f kd f kH
nmcJjh cif;jzpfNyD;*D&rewi;&efyaiG f J
rSwtppfeYomqifqmMunfzYwifjy h kd r,f/ a&mif;&ifa&mif;?ra&mif;&if
tjzpfujycJhonfh ]bmjzpfvdkYvJ} d
vdYk &r,fvYkd o&ygw,f/ rif;om; r0,fawmhbl;qdkwmawGMuHK&yg
jyZmwfwdktm; AD'D,dkZmwfum; rif;orD;awG e,fxu½uwmwdYk G f kd f w,f/t"dujyóemue,fawG
toGifjzifh aps;uGuftwGif;jzefYcsd k
jynfyoGm;wmrsKd;qd&if ydNk yD;tcsdef rSm sky net wdkY 5 movie wdkYrSm
cJhNyD;aemufydkif;ü 'g½dkufwm?o½kyf MuefYMumoGm;Edkifw,fav/ ]bm D kd
AD',Zmwfum;rsm;tm;e,f rSowfrSwfa&mif;csonfh aps;EIef; \ e,f j zef Y csd & rI t aetxm; jyorQ AD'D,dkZmwfum;awGyJ
aqmiftrnfwyfc&onftEkynm H h jzpfvYkdv}J Zmwfum;jyóemvdupö k d udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xHrS 0,f,lrI r[kwbJ e,fu,pm;vS,rsm;rS
f kd f f kd f
tcuftcJrsm;ESihf &ifqi&jcif;rSm S
MunfhMuw,f/ tacGim;MunfMh u
&Sifrsm;uwdkifMum;jcif;jzpfay:NyD; rsKd;udk xdxda&mufa&mufajz&Sif; f
EIe;rSmxuf0ufcefYusqif;oGm;Ny;D owfrSwf0,f,lvdkonfhaps;EIef; 2011 ckESpfcefYuwnf;upwifcJh wmt&rf;udkenf;oGm;NyD; cdk;ul;
aemuf ,ckaMunmcsuftm;xkwf NyD; wu,fxda&mufEdkifwJhenf; f
tcsKUd aome,frsm;wGit0,fv;Hk 0 jzifhom a&mif;cs&jcif;rsm;yg&dSvm jcif;jzpfNyD; ESpfukefydkif;umvwGif S
awGuvnf;e,frmus,us,jf yefY f
jyefcJhjcif;jzpfonf[k od&dS&onf/ vrf;rsKd;eJYyJ tajz&Smoifhw,fvdkY kd f
&yfqi;oGm;onftxdMuKH awGY&Ny; D onf[k owif;&&dSonf/ h d
,if;uJoYkxuf0ufcefYusqif;oGm; kd k f
jyefYuvyaeMuw,f}}[kxwvyf k f k
]]½k y f & S i f a vmuom;wpf xifygw,f}}[k ol\tjriftm; f k f
aemuf,cktcgxkwvya&;rsm; ,if;odkYAD'D,dkZmwfum;rsm; jcif;jzpfonf[kod&onf/ {&m olwpfOD;u &Sif;jycJhygonf/
a,muftaeeJY qdk&ifawmh 'Dpnf; qufvufoHk;oyfjycJhonf/
urf;csufu jrefrm½kyf&SifeJYAD'D,dk d k f kd f kH
*D&rewi;&efyaiGtjzpfujy
Zmwfum;awGxwvyjf zefYcs&mrSm
k f k d cJhonfh ]bmjzpfvdkYvJ} jyZmwfwdk 2011 ckESpfü qifqmcGifUjyKjrefrm½kyf&SifZmwfum; 21 um;&SdcJUjyD; ,cifESpfuxuf ydkrsm;cJU
aESmifhaES;MuefYMumrIawGomydkrsm; D kd
tm; AD',Zmwfum;toGijf zifjh zefY 2011 ckESpftwGif; jrefrmh½kyf ]igrif;udk}? ]trdkufpm;}? ]oGm; ... xdw,f 2}? ]txmopfeJYESpfcgcspf ]vufyH} Zmwfum;rsm;jzpfaMumif;
vmEdkifw,fvdkY qdk&rSmyg/ jy csdí o½kyfaqmiftEkynm&Sifrsm; &Sifvkyfief;odkY ½dkuful;cGifhwifcJh vl q d k ; 'grsKd ; awmh w wf w ,f } ? r,f}? ]0#fa
óemwpf&yfjzpfvmw,fqdk&if \cGifhjyKcsufr&&dSbJ jzefYcsdcJhjcif; f S f
onfh ½ky&iZmwfum; 21 um;&SchJ d ]ESpyifvrw&nf;pm;pm}? ] O}? ]t
f d f hJ owdkYom;}? ]Zmwfvrf;a[mif; ESpftvkduf qifqmcGifhjyKcJhonfh
tJ'Djyóem&JU tajccHtaMumif; tay:tEkynm&Sifrsm; pkaygif;í aMumif;od&Sd&ygonf/ vef;vGef tvGefvef;}? ]cspfyef; awG&SdcJh&if}? ]jyHK;jyHK;aysmfaysmfaxmf jrefrm½kyf&Sifum;rsm;rSm 2009
&if;udk t&ifr&SmbJ rwif;usyf kd f
oufqi&mtqifqifoYkwiMf um;rI h h d kd tqdkyg 21 um;rSm ]cspf a0}? ]0dkif;BuD;ywfywf'la0a0}? avmfuefYvefY}? ]trkef;rD;awmuf}? S f G
ckEpwif 27 um;&SNd yD; 2010 jynfh
oif h w mawG x yf N yD ; wif ; usyf kf
rsm;jyKvyxm;onf[o&&onf/ k d Sd w,fajymrSvTwfr,f}? ]&ifuGJem}? ]xm0&tvif;wef;rsm;}? ][wf ] [dkif;abmhpf}? ]yef;Mum0wfrIH} ESifh ESpfwGif 16 um;om&SdcJhonf/
rSwfwrf;um;rsm;ESih f Zmwfvrf;wdkrsm;½dkuful;jcif;tm; pdwf0ifpm;olydkrsm;vm
rSwfwrf;Zmwfvrf;rsm;ESifh
k k f l
Zmwfvrf;wdrsm;½duu;jcif;tay:
f kd
pdw0ifpm;olyrsm;vmaMumif;tEk
k f k f d dS
ynmtodi;t0di;rSo&&ygonf/
]]tckaemufydkif; rSwfwrf;
um; qdkwmudk jrefrmy&dowf u
ydkNyD;&if;ESD;vmw,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ
tEkynm&SifawG txl;ojzifh 'g
k f k f f
½duwmydi;rSmrSwwrf;Zmwfvrf;
awGeJY Zmwfvrf;wdkawG½dkuful;zdkY vGwfvyfjcif;tEkynm½kyf&SifyGJ awmfü qk&&Sdch Jaom Zmwfvrf;wdk
pdwf0ifpm;wJholawGvnf;rsm;vm
w,f/ 'gayr,fh jrefrmy&dowf d
wumrSm&SaewmMumygNyD/ jrefrm ½dkufwJhol ydkrsm;vmw,fvdkYxif
twGuf avmavmq,f rSwwrf; f EdkifiHrSmawmh acwfpm;wmodyfr ygw,f / Zmwf v rf ; wd k a wG u
um; qd k w mxuf Zmwf v rf ; Mumao;bl ;/ rS w f w rf ;um;eJ Y jrefrmy&dowf vufcHNyD;om;yg/
awG u yd k N yD ; &if ; ES D ; rI & S d r ,f v d k Y ywfowfNyD; EdkifiHwumyGJawGrSm qufrvkyMf uvdYk om aps;uGuref f dS
xifw,f}}[k 'g½dkufwm0dkif;u kd
rif;xifuuBkd uD;wdYk ? MunfjzLoQif aewmrsKd;yg/ 'gaMumifh rSwfwrf;
qdkygonf/ wdkYawGqk&cJhMuw,f/ tJ'Dawmh um;eJY Zmwfvrf;wdkawG½dkufwJhol
k f H G f S f
jrefrmEdiiwirwwrf;um; EdkifiHwumudk xdk;azmufzdkYqdk&if ydkrsm;vmovdk tJ'gawGu aps;
rsm;udkvGefcJhonfh okH;ESpfavmuf Zmwfum;awGxuf rSwfwrf;um; f k
uGuwpfcvnf;jzpfvmzdYk tvm;
wGifrStEkynmorm;tcsKdUpdwf0if awGuydkvG,fr,fvdkY ,lqvmMu d
tvm&Saeygw,f}} [k 'g½duwm k f
pm;vmcJjh cif;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ w,f/ tJ'Dvdkvnf; jrifvmMu armifrsKd;rif;uqdkygonf/
]]rSwfwrf;um;qdkwmuEdkifiH w,f/ 'gaMumifh rSwfwrf;um; /
onf;xdyf&ifzdkZmwfum;rsm; ½dkuful;&efjyifqifrIrsm;&Sdae
onf;xdwf&ifzdkZmwfum; f kd
onf;xdw&ifzZmwfum;rsm;½duf k pOf;pm;cJh&wm/ wcsKdUZmwfawG
rsm;twGuf xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief; ul;&efpDpOfrIrsm;jym;vmjcif;rSm k
qd&ifaumif;ayr,fh onf;xdw&if f
k f
tcsKdUESihf 'g½duwmtcsKdUjyifqifrI ,cifcGifhjyKrdefY r½kyfodrf;cifu zdkZmwfvrf;yHkpHrsKd;jzpfaevdkY r½dkuf
rsm;jyKvkyfvmMuaMumif; od& k f l D hJ h
½duu;&efppOfconfZmwfum;rsm; &wmawG&Sdw,f/ tckawmh tJ'D
onf/ tm; jyefvnf½dkuful;&efpDpOfjcif; kd f kd k f k f
Zmwfum;awG½uzYkduxwvyol
]]tckavmavmq,fawmh pD rsm;&SdouJhokdY Zmwfvrf;topf k f
awGua&m'g½duwmawGuygydNk yD;
pOfxm;NyD;om; Zmwfum;awGyJ k f l f kf
tqef;½duu;xkwvy&eftwGuf pDpOfvmMuw,f/ aemufNyD; t&if
½dkufaew,f/ 'gayr,fh aemuf jyif q if r I r sm;aMumif h v nf ; jzpf kd k f k f
cGijhf yKw,fqwe;u ½ducNhJ yD; cGihf
½dkufr,fhZmwfum;udkawmh onf; aMumif; od&onf/ hJ
rjyKawmhwtwGuywcvu&wJh f d f H kd f
xdwf&ifzdkZmwfum;½dkufzdkY pDpOf ]]wcsKd U Zmwf u m;awG u Zmwfum;awGudkvnf; jyefNyD;cGifh
k f
xm;w,f}}[k 'g½duwm 0if;xGe; f f kd
onf;xdw&ifzZmwfum;rsK;r[kwf d jyKay;zkdY arQmfvifhaeMuw,f}}[k
xGef;u qdkygonf/ bJ 0dnmOfeJYywfoufwmrsKd;yg&if ½kyf&SifESifh AD'D,dkxkwfvkyfa&;
vuf&SdtEkynm&yf0ef;wGif awmifrS Zmwfum;½dkufzdkY tawmf vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u qdkygonf/
Page 43
dk Uf k f S f kH f hS fS S
jrefrmjynfatmufyi;f ESitxufjrefrmjynf½y&i½rsm;wGif xuf0ufausmcefrm½ky&ijf yorIr&dbJ
jrefrmUEdkifiHa&;ordkif; ydwfodrf;&yfem;xm;í &efukef? rEåav;½kyf&Sif½Hkrsm;\0ifaiGudkom t"dutm;xm;ae&
atmufjrefrmjynfESifh t
OD;av;armif
xufjrefrmjynf½kyf&Sif½Hkrsm;wGif
1824 ckESpf? t*Fvdyf-jrefrm f S fS
xuf0ufausmcefYrm½ky&ijf yorIr
JG
yxrppfyumvrS 1943-44 ckEpf S S J d f d f
&dbywor;&yfem;xm;í½ky&if f S
*syefrsm; jrefrmjynfwGif tkyfpdk; Zmwfum;rsm;\0ifaiGrm&efue?f S k
aom tcsdefumvtxd jzpfay: rEÅav;½kyf&Sif½Hkrsm;\ 0ifaiGudk
cJUaom ordkif;wifoifUonfU tjzpf om t"dutm;xm;ae&onfh
tysuf r sm;ud k aocsmusepG m tajctaeESihf MuHKawGUae&onf
azmfjyxm;aom ]jrefrmUEdkifiHa&;} [k owif;&&dSonf/
ordkif;pmtkyfjzpfonf/ ]]½kyf&SifZmwfum;awG ½Hk
ArmhacwfaehpOfowif;pmwGif wifjyor,fqdk&if tckcsdefrSm [oFwmjrdKU&Sd atmifr*Fvm½kyf&Sif½Hkae&m tm;awGU&pOf
f
1956ck? ZGev 16 &ufrS pufwif 0ifaiGt& tm;udk;EdkifwJh½Hkt&rf;
bm29 &uftxdaqmif;yg;&Sntjzpf f pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf - 3101960911 wefzdk; -4000 usyf k
enf;oGm;ygNyD/ &efue?f rEÅav; jyNyD;usewtcseawGrmukeypön;
f hJ d f S f f ½dkuful;rI ukefusp&dwfrSmtenf; ,ckaemufydkif;wGif ,SOfNydKif
&uf j cm;azmf j ycJ U N yD ; tqd k y g jzefhcsda&; - pmayavmu
u t"du½HkawG&JU0ifaiGudkyJ rSDcdk awGodkavSmifzdkYvufcHwmrsKd;? w qHk;usyfodef;wpfaxmif0ef;usif Munfh½Ip&mrD'D,m tcef;u@
aqmif;yg;rsm;udk pkaygif;í xyfrH f
csutvufrsm;jzpfayonf/ xdawGY k &yfwnfae&wJtwdi;twmyg/
h k f jcm;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfwmrsKd;awGyJrsm; cefY ukefusrI&dSNyD; pwif½dkuful; us,fjyefYvmonfhenf;wl ½kyf
jyifqifa&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ MuHKod&SdcJUaom jzpf&yftrSefrsm;udk S S f S f kH
e,frm&daewJh ½ky&i½awG&UJ wpf ygw,f}}[k ½kyf&Sifxkwfvkyfol csdefrS ESpfESpfcefYMumjrifhNyD;rSom &Sifrsm;tay:wGif y&dowfpdwf
pma&;olu]EdkifiHa&;e,fy,f a&;om;yg[k rdwfo*F[rsm;uyif 0ufausmfu jyorIr&dSbJ ydwf wpfOD;u &Sif;jycJhonf/ ½HkwifjyocGifh&&dSEdkifaMumif;? ½Hk 0ifpm;rI odompGmavsmhusvm
wGif ESpaygi;f rsm;pGm vkyuiaqmif
f f kd f k f G k
wduwe;f ygonf/ordi;f jzpfpOftrSef odrf;xm;MuygNyD/ wcsKdUjyo ½k y f & S i f Z mwf u m;wpf u m; wifjyo&mwGifvnf; &efukef? jcif;ponfhtcsufrsm; jzpfvm
&GufcJUaom tawGYtMuHKESifU EdkifiH k
uda0zefo;kH oyfí taMumif;tusK;d r,fqdkNyD; ,lxm;wJh½HkawGu ½duu;ygut"duo½kyaqmifrsm;
k f l f rEÅav; ½kyf&Sif½Hkrsm;&dS t"du aMumif; od&ygonf/
a&;vIy&m;rI tjzpftysursm;onf
fS f f kd f H
trSm;trSeukd tem*wfEiitusK;d vnf;½ky&iuwpfywfavmufyJ
f S f kd \o½k y f a qmif a Mu;tygt0if 0ifaiGudkom tm;xm;&aMumif;? /
aemifvmaemufom;wdkh odoifUod twGuf wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf}[k
xdkufaom ArmUEdkifiHa&;ordkif; t qdkygonf/ wpfywftwGif;½kHwifrnfU &efukef½kyf&Sif MRTV? MWD wdkhrS
tvHeDawmfvSefa&;\ ordkif;wauGY or®w? oGif? e0a'; tarUaus;Zl;qyfzl;csifw,f 0ZD&m 1 zvef;zvef;jzpfwJUtcspf 'g½dkufwm nDnDxGef;vGif jyornfh Zmwfvrf;wJGrsm;
awmfvSefa&;twGuf &ifaoG;i,frsm;ay;tyfjcif; Junction armfwif? 'g½dkufwm cifapmrsKd;(tazUynm) (&efatmif? aewdk;? rdkhrdkhjrifUatmif? tdjE´mausmfZif?
(ajywDOD;? oufrGefjrifU? vStÍÆvDwifU)
1/ pdwful;eJhMur®m MRTV
aroOÆmOD;? cspfpEdk;OD;)
a&;om;ol - 0rf;tdk0rf; ausmf0if;armif aejynfawmf THE TWILIGHT SAGA:BREAKING wevFm? t*Fg 7;00 /
a&TA[dk? bk&ifUaemif? csdef; 'g½dkufwm odef;[ef(zD;epf)
DAWN PART-1
wpfckjzpfvmygw,f/ {&m0wD (aewdk;? ausmfausmfAdk? tdjE´mausmfZif) 2/ arG;pm;om;
KRISTEN STEWART, ROBERT
tpdk;&xdk;ppfawG pdyfvmwm a&Tref;? pHjy? oDwm &mZ0ifxJutvef; 'g½dkufwm jynfodef;oD[
PATTINSON, TAYLOR LOUTNER wevmF? t*Fg 9;30 /
aMumifU ygwDwGif;rSm om;orD;awG a&SYaqmif MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE 4
0ZD&m 2? jr&wem (ausmfausmfAdk? rdk;,kpH)
Uf kd f S hk
ESiq&if vIy&m;vdrvG,yg/ om; f Director - Brad Bird r[mNrdKif jcdrf;jcdrf;cspf 'g½dkufwm 0g0g0if;a&T 3/ tcspfeJh trkef;
i,forD;i,fawGq&if xde;f vdor;f
kd hk d (Tom Cruise, Jeremy Renner) (0gZif? &efatmif? &Jatmif? rd;k ,kp?H cifoef;Ek? 0g0g0if;a&T) Mumoyaw;? aomMum 7;00 /
vdkh rvG,fyg/ uav;awG&JY idkoH
&,foH[m tpdk;&wyfrsm;udk yifU
wpfywftwGif;xGuf&SdrnfU jrefrmAD'D,dkZmwfum;rsm; 4/ a&olrav;cspfyHkjyif
f k
zdwac:ovdvnf; jzpfEiw,f/ 'g kd f 23-1-2012 tcspf+tcspf topf(y+Zmwfodrf;) udkaZmf(t½kPfOD;) 25-1-2012 vrif;aESmifwJUBudK; aeydkif Mumoyaw;? aomMum 9;30 /
aMumifU tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwDwGif; (aewdk;? oufrGefjrifU) (pl;&S? aroufcdkif? aroOÆmOD;? iSufaysmaMumf)
/ pdeac:wvl wd&efol
f UJ hk oD[wifp;kd 26-1-2012 *sufr oD[ausmfpdk; 5/ tcspfcsKdcsKdtMuifemydk
rSm om;orD;arG;&if rdr&ifaoG;i,f d
(oD[wifpdk;? ausmfaZm[def;? vStÍÆvDwifU) (aerif;? at;jrwfol? Edkb,fausmfausmf) pae? we*FaEG 7;00 /
rsm;udk &GmawGqDoGm;tyfMuygvdkh / zefqif;&SiftNidrfU yDtdkufvHk / rdbjypfrSm;rdíajrNrdKcH&aomr&ifa&T r[m(M.Sc)
pmrlcGifUjyKcsuf - 3102191011 wefzdk; - 1000 usyf?
jzefhcsda&; - Silver Owl D f
ygwXmecsKyunTeMf um;w,f/ 'Dvkd (cefhpnfol? rdk;jynfUjynfUarmif? eef;pk&wDpdk;? ukodkvf? (pdk;a&T? jrifUjrifUcif? tmumjrifUatmif) 6/ Mu,fyGifUav;&JY 'dkif,m&D
D Sf
}tvHeawmfvea&;\ ordi;f k tyf&awmh eDe&&J EkEe,fe,f cspf
D J k uif;aumif? t½dkif;) 27-1-2012 tcspf\'kwd,ajrmufaemufxyftpDtpOf aeydkif pae? we*FaEG 9;30 /
wauGY} rSm tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD vdkh erf;vdkhrS tm;r&Edkif? uav; 24-1-2012 trkef;0uFyg oefhpifatmif (atmif&Jvif;? pdk;jrwfeE´m? acsm&wem)
wGif;rS jzpf&yfrSefwpfckudk a&;om; i,fuvnf; rdcif&E&nfu0atmif YJ hkd kd 1/ iSufuav;&JYaumif;uif MWD
(cefhpnfol? aruAsm? bkef;oQH? c&pöwD;em;) / r&PwHqdyfeJh vl oD[rif;nD
xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ awmif raomuf&cif rdcif&ifcGif / opömNydKif&Sif;wrf; ZAÁLxGef;oufvGif (rif;opöm? ausmfaZm[def;? ykvJ0if;? &Sufw,f? OMo) wevFm? t*Fg? we*FaEG 7;00 /
pma&;olu]'gu tvHeuef D G rS pGecmcJ&wJU aMuuG0rf;enf;zG,f
hf G U J ([def;a0,H? oifZm0ifUausmf? aroef;Ek? eef;a'0D) 28-1-2012 zswfceJ . . tNid aeol&def 2/ tcspfBuD;cspf
jrLepfygwDtwGif; wpfcsdefu w &m twdjzpf&rSmyg}[k pmtkyfyg / ,kefxifaMumifxif eE´ausmf (rdk;atmif&if? 0wfrIHa&T&nf)
u,fUjzpf&yf jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m tjzpftysufrsm;ESifUywfoufNyD; (rif;OD;? rif;tkyfpdk;? ae&Jvif;? cifZmjcnfausmf) / a&Tnmom;eJh &efukefol "gwfyHktPfaxmfPD wevmF? pae? we*FaEG 9;30 /
aemifMumaomtcg ordi;f 0ifjzpf&yf
k ed'gef;wGif qdkxm;onf/ 25-1-2012 tmzsHuGD; armifatmif ½lyaA'(Aef;BuD;) (ausmfausmfAdk? cefhxufEdkif? csrf;rDrDudk? od*ÐxGef;) 3/ opömapwref
(vlrif;? aumif;cefh? 0dkif;pkcdkifoef;? od*ÐxGef;? yGifU) / cifOD;ESifU om; ausmfZ
ppf / ykvJeuf0uFyg (*Ref*dk? pHy,frdk;) xufydkif (pGr;f ? jrwfauoDatmif? aroufci?f yGi&wemausm)
kd Uf f Ak'¨[l;? Mumoyaw; 7;00 /
a&;om;ol - vif;a0NrKdif / oHCmawmfESifUrdciftm;jypfrSm;í ciffEGJY EJGY rl / qHkEdkifcGifU pdk;ausmfqef; 4/ iSufuav;\uGef;cdk&m
rdk;BudK;ypfcH&aomarmifESr (oD[Edkif? pHy,frdk;? arrdk;) (vif;rif;jrwf? at;jrwfol? cifrdkhrdkhat;)
Mikhail Sholokov \ The t*Fg? Ak'¨[l; 9;30 /
Fate of a Man udk q&mvif;a0NrKif d D
Zefe0g&Dvxkwf aw;pD;&D;? pD'?D ADp'D Zefe0g&Dvxkwf pmtkyfrsm;
5/ cspfcGef;zGJYoDcspfolqD
u]ppf}trnfjzifU bmomjyefqdk tjrif tZJ pD'D pDtdkifatarTaeaom EdkifiHrsm; wuúodkvfjrwfol 3800
xm;jcif;jzpfNyD; 'kwd,tBudrfjyef igU&JYtvif;av; Krystal AGDpD'D ,kefESpfrSm ,kefom;pm;jcif; vlxkpdef0if; 500 aomMum? pae 7;00 /
vnfxGuf&Sdjcif;jzpfygonf/ Mu,fpifrsm;&JYqHkrSwf vlpHk 'DAD'D b0wGif xJxJ0if0ifyg0ifvIyf&Sm;jcif; jrESif;qD 2000 6/ wpfaehaomtcg
Edkb,fvfqk&pma&;q&mBuD; ql;pl;ol aeae pD'D tjcm;olrsm;udkpDrHcefhcGJenf; a'gufwmÓ Pf[def;vwf 2000
teD;qHk;vl--erf;rSmvm; atoifcsKdaqG pD'D vQKdY0Sufcsufrsm; Mumoyaw;? aomMum 9;30 /
d kd f
rpfac;½IvaumUA\ 0w¦Kvwfwpf
yk'jf zpfaom The Fate of a Man rSm
Selection Writings of U Yi Sein
ppf\ted|m½Hkrsm;udk yDjyifpGma&;zGJY
xm;jcif;f jzpfNy;D ½ky&itjzpf½uu;l
U
f S f
cJ&mwGif tjynfjynfqi&m ½ky&if kd f
kd f
f S /&efukef OD;&nfpef\ vufa&G;pifpmwrf;rsm;
d
qk csD;jr§ifUjcif;cHcJU&onf/ f f G
trSw(22)? awmifjrif;NyKd iui;f vrf;? wmarGBu;D OD;aomfaumif; pkpnf;onf/
yxrqH;k aom bmomjyefpmrl (c)&yfuGuf? wmarGNrdKYe,f? &efukefNrdKY
f
tjzpf rd;k a0r*¾Zif;wGiazmfjycJz;l Ny;D U zkef; 400528? 400524? 401411 jrefrmUorkdif;tzJGY0if OD;&nfpdef (1924-2005)\ ordkif;bmom&yfqdkif&m okawoe
tm½Hkaumif;uifrS pmtkyftjzpf /rEåav;(½Hk;cGJ) pmwrf;rsm;udk OD;aomfaumif;u pkpnf;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD; þpmtkyfwGif ysLacwfrSpí
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf - 5014051111 wefzdk; - 1000 usyf? 20 &mpkESpfOD;ydkif;txd jrefrm-w½kwfqufqHa&;orkdif;aMumif;rsm;udk w½kwfrSwfwrf;
f d
xkwa0cJNU y;D jzpfonf/ ,ck 'kwt jzefhcsda&; - Quality Publishing House trSwf 4^3? jrpE´mvrf;oG,?f (62_63) vrf;
Burtjzpfxwa0&mwGivi,frsm;
df k f f l taxmuftxm;rsm;qkdif&m t*Fvdyfpmwrf;(7)yk'f? jrefrmpmwrf;(21) yk'f? pkpkaygif;
Mum;? (24_25) vrf;Mum; atmifajrompHNrKd Ye,f?
twGuf&nf&G,fNyD; tvG,fwul Mum;vSaom 0w¦Kwpfyk'fjzpfovdk (28)yk'f yg0ifonf/ ,if;pmwrf;rsm;onf a&S;a[mif;ysLEkdifiH? ysLvlrsKd;wkdh\taMumif;
rEåav;NrdKY/ zkef; 02-61172 t&mrsm;udk a&S;w½kwf rSwfwrf;taxmuftxm;rsm;wGif azmfjyxm;csufrsm;?
o,faqmifoGm;EdkifonfU Pocket uG,veoq&mvif;a0NrKi\ bm f Gf l df xGef;azmifa';&Sif;
/aejynfawmfysOf;rem;(½Hk;cGJ) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;taMumif;? w½kwf-jrefrmqufqHa&;orkdif; taMumif;t&mwdkhudk
Size t&G,fjzifUxkwfa0xm;jcif; omjyefvuf&mudkvnf; jyefvnf trSwf(53^61)? odrfjzLvrf;?
jzpfonf/ zwf½IcGifU&&SdaprnfUpmtkyfwpftkyf kf df
trSwf 11^54? Advawmufxevrf;? &efatmif(1) AdkvfwaxmifNrdKYe,f/ fS f
w½kwrwwrf; taxmuftxm;rsm;pGmwdrS okawoejyKrwwrf;wifxm;onfU pmwrf;
hk S f
k f H S
EdiiwumwGif xif&m;ausmf jzpfygonf/ G
&yfuu?f aejynfawmfysO;f rem;NrKd Y zke;f 067-22822 zkef; 01-296325? 0973104487 rsm;jzpfonf/
Page 44
DJ oifwef;odkh
oBuFefZmwfum;rsm; pwif½dkuful;csdefodkh a&muf&dSvmaomfvnf; ½dkuful;&efpdwf0ifpm;ol enf;yg;ae
trsKd;orD;rsm;vnf;
oBuFefrwdkifrD jzefYcsdEdkif&ef f kd
oBuFeem;eD;NyDq&if oBuFeZmwf f
wufa&mufoif,lvm twGuf oBuFefZmwfum;rsm;tm; S D kf
um;opfawGim;MunfNh y;&ifce&wm
d
DJoifwef;odYk trsK;orD;rsm; pwif½dkuful;jyifqifavh&dSonfh udku t&omwpfrsKd;ygyJ/ emrnf
vnf; wufa&mufoif,lrI&Sdvm tcsd e f u mvod k Y a&muf & d S v m BuD;rif;om;rif;orD;awGurwluGJ
aMumif; DJ todkif;t0dkif;rS pHkprf; aomfvnf;pdwf0ifpm;½dkuful;rnfh h kH
jym;wJZmwfvrf;yHpav;awG½uMf u kd
od&Sd&ygonf/ DJ oifwef;rsm; S D
olrmenf;yg;aeqJjzpfNy;Zefe0g&Dv wmav/ tckaemufydkif;uawmh
d f d
pwifcseutrsK;om;rsm;omwuf v,fydkif;txdoBuFefZmwfum; f S
oBuFeav;&ufrmawGUMuqHMk uwJh
I d f G
a&mufrrsm;jym;cJNh yD;,cktcsewif k f l I S
½duu;jyifqifrr&dao;[kowif; ½dk;tDaewJhZmwfrsKd;udkyJ oBuFFef
trsKd;orD;rsm;vnf;wufa&muf &&dSonf/ oDcsi;f a[mif;awG? oBueumvrSmFf
vmjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ ]]t&ifESpfawGwkef;u 'DZif ½dkufxm;wJh rSwfwrf;yHkawGoHk;NyD;
]]DJ oifwef;u uRefawmf bmavmufqdk oBuFefZmwfum; tacGjzpf½Hkavmufvkyfxm;Muwm
wdYkqrmenf;ygw,f/ tckziaewJh
D S G hf ½dkuful;zdkYudkpNyD; jyifqifaeygNyD/ qkdawmhiSm;MunfhzdkYudkpdwfr0ifpm;
DJ oifwef;rSm rdef;uav;awG Zmwfvrf;&SmwmeJY? oBuFFefum; awmhygbl;}}[kol\tjrifudk ajym
,cifESpfu jrifawGY&aom oMuFef½dkufuGif;wpfck
vnf; vmwufMuw,f/ tck jzpfwJhtwGuf oDcsif;av;awGBudK Mum;cJhygonf/
aemufydkif;u DJ qdkayr,fhoDcsif; pkwmeJYvkyfNyD;Zefe0g&DavmufrSm taetxm;uvnf; ,drf;,dkifae avmufygbl;/ tckcsdefrSm tJ'Dvdk owfawmfawmfNiD;aiGUoGm;ygNyD/ oBuFefAD'D,dkZmwfum;rsm;
wD;ay;&wmydrsm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
k k f S f kd f
½durrwfvukeyi;avmufrmjzefY S w,fqawmhb,foroBuFeZmwf
kd lS f ½dur,fqvnf;awmfawmfBuD;udk
k f kd 'gaMumifhvnf; oBuFefum;awG ½dkuful;jzefYcsd&eftwGuf 2010
oDcsif;wD;wmudkyg oifay;w,f/ k f
Ediwmav/ tcku 2010 jynfEpf h S um;udk oD;jcm;xkwf½dkufzkdYudkpdwf kd f
jyifqifNyD; aumif;atmif½urjS zpf f
ay:pdwyg0ifpm;rIt&rf;avsmom; h G jynfhESpfcefYrSpwifí avsmhenf;
DJ udkpdwf0ifpm;wJh rdef;uav; avmufupNyD; oBuFefZmwfum; 0ifpm;rIawmfawmfenf;oGm;wmvdYk rSmyg/ NyD;pvG,fZmwfvrf;rsKd;eJY w,fvdkYqdk&rSmyg}} [k0g&ifhAD'D,dk Sf
oGm;cJjh cif;jzpfNyD; 2011 ckEpoBuFef
awGtwGuf ydkNyD;tqifajyoGm; f
awGtay:pdw0ifpm;rIuodoom d qdk&ygr,f/ rESpfuvdkyJ tenf;pk S f
t&ifEpawGuoBuFejf rifui;awGG f f kf l D
xkwvyowpfO;u&Si;jycJonf/f h umvwGifrl oBuFefZmwfum;
w,f}}[k oifwef;q&mwpfO;jzpf D omavsmhusoGm;w,f/ vuf&dS wpfum;? ESpfum;avmufvJG&if § f
jzwfnyuyfvyNf yD;½d;aewJocsi;
k k h D f xdkYtjyif y&dowfwpfOD;u wpfum;rQ ½dkuful;jzefYcsdrIr&dScJh
onfh DJ 0dkifu &Sif;jycJhygonf/ tajctaet& AD'D,dkaps;uGuf oBuFefum; oD;oefY½dkufzkdYu r&dS a[mif;awGoHk;xm;wmrsKd;u y&d vnf ; ]][d k t &if w k e f ; uawmh aMumif; od&dS&onf/
Myanmar Underground Concert ukd
Zefe0g&DaemufqkH;ywfwGifusif;yrnf
Metal Music Band rsm;om BandawGtaeeJY dS
y&dowf&ayr,fh
yg0ifazsmfajzMurnfh Myanmar Underground taeeJYyJ &SdaeMu
Underground Concert azsmfajzyGJ ao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmf
udk 2012ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 27&uf wdkY Metal Music Band awGoD;
aeYwGif &efukefNrdKU uefawmfBuD; oefYazsmfajzr,fh 'DyGJudk Myanmar
arQmfpifuRef;wGif usif;yjyKvkyf Underground Concert vd k Y yJ
dS
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&&ygonf/ trnfwyfvdkufwmyg}}[k yGJpDpOf
]] EdkifiHwumrSmawmh Metal ol w pf O D ; jzpf o nf h Nightmare
Music u tcdkiftrmjzpfwnfae Band rS udkatmifrsKd;vif;u yGJ
k f H S
NyD/ jrefrmEdiirmawmh ae&mwpfck usif;y&jcif;ESifh ywfoufí ajym
tcdkiftrmr&Sdao;bl;/ xkwfvkyf Mum;cJ h y gonf / tqd k y gyG J w G i f
kd f kd f
olawGu,wiuvnf; 'D*wudk D Metal Music Band pkpkaygif; 12
odyfNyD;vufrcHMuao;bl;/ 'D zGJUESifhtxufazsmfajzMurnfjzpf
awmh uRefawmfwdkY Metal Music aMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
G f
‘]nDnwjf cif;ESi;f qD} azsmajzyJG
pifumylEdkifiHwGif wifqufrnf
'g½dkufwmarmifrsKd;rif; (&if ajzyJGvnf;jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ OD;rsKd;
wGif;jzpf)pDpOfonfh ]nDnGwfjcif; wdkY wjcm;EdkifiHawGuvnf; ujy
f G
ESi;qD}azsmfajzyJtm; pifumylEiiH kd f ay;zkdY urf;vSrf;xm;wmawG&dSyg
wGif {NyDv 1 &ufaeYü Kallang w,ff}}[k 'g½dkufwmarmifrsKd;rif;
Theater (Stadium MRT)ü jyKvkyf (&ifwGif;jzpf)u &Sif;jycJhonf/
oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; vufrSwfrsm;udk G f
]nDnwjf cif;ESi;qD}azsmfajzyJG
yifeplvmyvmZmwGipwifa&mif; f wGif vl&Tifawmfrsm;tjzpf aewdk;?
Sd
csvsuf&onf[owif;&&donf/ k S ausmfausmfAdk? rdk;rdk;? xGef;xGef;?
kd f H
]]OD;rsKd;wdYk Eii&UJ aumif;aom &Jav;? rif;orD; zl;pHk? aruAsm?
ajymif;vJjcif;awGu pNyD;jrifawGU rdk;,kpH? rif;om;wifarmifqef;
ae&ygNyD/ aumif;aomajymif;vJ rif;0if;wdkYu yg0ifujyoGm;rnf
kd k
jcif;awGutm;vH;k 0di;f 0ef;azmfaqmif jzpfNyD; {nfhonftqdkawmftjzpf
zdkYvdkygw,f/ tm;vHk;nDnGwfzdkY oef;jrwfpdk;? zdk;aomMum? cifnGefY
vdkygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ESif;qDtzJGU kd f k d
&nfwYyg0ifazsmajzrnf[o&onf/
taeeJY nDnGwfjcif;ESif;qDtjzpf tqkdygazsmfajzyJGtm; {NyDv 1
jyefvnfujyygr,f/ 'DyJGu 2012 &ufaeY rGef;vJG 2em&DcJGwGif pwif
ckESpftwGuf yxrqHk;jynfyazsmf jyKvkyfoGm;rnf[k od&dS&onf/
Pg-45
a*smU&Sfvl;uyfpf 2012ckESpf uef;pf½kyf&SifyGJawmf\ *sL&DOuú|ae&mtwGuf tDwvD'g½dkufwmtm; a&G;cs,f
tem;,lawmUrnfU 2012 ckESpf uef;pf½kyf&SifyGJawmf\ *sL&DtzGJUudkOD;aqmifrnfholtjzpf tDwvD½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmifESifh 'g
½dkufwm eefeDarmf&oDudk a&G;cs,fcJhaMumif; qka&G;cs,fa&;tzGJUrS Zefe0g&Dv 20 &ufaeYwGif owif;xkwfjyef
owif;rsm;xGuay:f aMunmcJhonf/ touf 58 ESpft&G,f&Sd 'g½dkufwm eefeDarmf&oDonf urÇmh½kyf&Sifpifjrifhxufü xif&Sm;cJh
olwpfOD;jzpfygonf/ olYtaejzifh 1994 ckESpfujyocJhaom Caro Diario (Dear Diary) Zmwfum;ESifh 2001
ckESpfu jyocJhaom La Stanza del figlio (The Son's Room) Zmwfum;rsm;jzifh uef;pf½kyf&SifyGJawmfrSay;
tar&duef½kyf&Sife,fy,fü
f k d hJ l D kd f H k f H kd hJ
tyfonfh xl;cReqrsm;udk &&Scz;oljzpfonf/ xdYktjyiftwvDEii\ Ediia&;pepfua0zefcaom Il Caimano"
kH k f
tatmifjrifq;'g½duwmESixwf hf k
(The Caiman) Zmwfum;jzifhvnf; emrnfausmfcJholjzpfonf/
vkyfoljzpfcJhaom a*smh&Sfvl;uyfpf
tem;,lawmhrnfowif;rsm;xGuf h
ay:cJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
tqdkyg owif;rsm;onf e
atmfpum EdkifiHjcm;bmompum;ajymZmwfum;qk aemufqHk;qefcgwifig;um;twGuf
,l;a,mufwdkif;rf owif;pmwGif
azmfjycJhaom vl;uyfpf\ ajymp
um;rsm;tay:tajccHNyD; xGuf
xnfUoGif;pOf;pm;rnfU Zmwfum;rsm;pm&if; xkwfjyef
ay:vmcJ h j cif ; jzpf o nf / e,l ; atmfpumqk trsKd;tpm;
a,mufwi;rfowif;pmwGif azmf
kd f rsm;wGif wpfcktygt0if jzpf
jycJaomaqmif;yg;wGiv;uyfpu
h f l f k f
onfh EdiijH cm;bmompum;ajym
vkyief;rsm;ESihf a0;&modYk oGm;csif
f Zmwfum;qk aemufqHk; qefcg
jyDjzpfaMumif; ajymqdkcJhjcif;jzpfyg wifpm&if;twGuf xnfoi;pOf; h G f
onf/ pm;rnfh Zmwfum;rsm; pm&if;udk
]]uRefawmf tem;,lcsifae xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/
NyD/ 'Dvyief;awGeYJ a0;&mudk xGuf
k f tqdkygpm&if;rsm;udk Zefe
oGm;csifaeNyD/ 'DurPtygt0if k Ü D 0g&Dv 18 &ufaeYu xkwfjyef
qufpyfaeorQ t&mtm;vHk;&JU aMunmcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; Zmwfum;pk
ta0;udk oGm;csifaeygNyD}}[k vl; pkaygif;udk;um;jzpfaMumif; od&Sd
uyfpu e,l;a,mufwi;rfrazmf
f kd f S &ygonf/ ,if;Zmwfum;rsm;xJ
jycJhaom aqmif;yg;wGif ajymqdk wGif a&TurÇmvHk;½kyf&Sifxl;cRefqk
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ay;yGJü taumif;qHk; EdkifiHjcm;
xdkodkYajymqdkvmcJhonfh t bmompum;ajym Zmwfum;qk &onfh Zmwfum;rsm;rSm *smreD? ,ck a&G;cs,fcJhonfh Zmwf bmompum;ajym taumif;qHk; f
atmfpumqka&G;cs,a&;tzGUJ Ouú|
wGuf vl;uyfpftaejzifh trSefw &&SdcJhonfh A Separation Zmwf 'def;rwf? uae'g? armf½dkudk? xdkif um;udk;um;teuf Zmwfum; ig; Zmwfum;qkudk 'def;rwfZmwfum; f
ESihf *seDzmavm&efYpwYkd u pmtdwf
u,ftem;,lawmhrnfvm;[lonfh um;vnf; yg0ifcJhonf/ 0rf? ydkvef? tpöa&;vfESifh b,fvf um;Zefe0g&Dv 24 &ufaeYwGif jzpfonfh In a Better World Zmwf zG i f h a zmuf a Munmay;rnf j zpf
ar;cGef;rsm;yg xGufay:vmcJhyg S
atmfpumqkEihf tjrJvacsmf JG *sD,HEdkifiHrsm;rS Zmwfum;rsm;jzpf xkwfjyefrnfhatmfpumaemufqHk; um;u &&SdcJhonf/ aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
onf/ Star Wars ESifh Indiana dS f k f
avh&aomw½kw'g½duwm usef Muygonf/ xdkZmwfum;rsm;rSm tqifh qefcgwifpm&if;twGuf (84)Mudrfajrmuf atmfpum S f f
2012 ckEptwGuatmfpum
Jones uJhodkYaom 0ifaiGpHcsdefcsKd; l
&dr\ The Flowers of War Zmwf Pina ? In Darkness ?Footnote ? h G f
xnfoi;pOf;pm;rnfjzpfygonf/ J
qkay;yGtm; azazmf0g&Dv 26 &uf *kPfxl;aqmifqkrsm;udk *sdrf;pf
Zmwfum;rsm;udk zefwD;wifquf kH
um;rSmrl aemufq;qefcgwift Omar Killed Me ? Warriors of ,ckESpf EdkifiHjcm; bmom p aeYwGifusif;yrnfjzpfjyD; qktoD; S
tm&f*sKef;pfEihf 'pf(cf)prpfcsfwYkd jzpf
cJhonfh a*smhvl;uyfpfonf t jzpf pOf;pm;rnfh Zmwfum;rsm; the Rainbow: Seediq Bale ? Bull- um;ajym atmfpumqktwGuEiiH f kd f oD;twGuf aemufqHk;qefcgwif Muygonf/ atmfy&m0if;za&;udk
ouf 67 ESpft&G,f&SdNyDjzpfNyD; d
pm&if;wGif yg0ifcjhJ cif;r&SaMumif; head ?Monsieur Lazhar? Supe- aygif; 63 EdkifiHrS Zmwfum; 63 pm&if;udk Zefe0g&Dv 24 &ufaeY rl vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;rI
2011 ckESpfu 0ifaiGtar&duef od&ygonf/ A Separation Zmwf rclásico Zmwf u m;wd k Y jzpf M u um;ay;ydkYcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ,cif wGif xkwfjyefaMunmrnfjzpfyg kf f I
qdi&mvkyaqmifrrsm;twGu*Pf fk
a':vmoH;bDv,ausm&&Sconf/
k D H f d hJ um;ESifhtwl pm&if;wifoGif;cHcJh onf/ ESpf atmfpumqkay;yGJü EdkifiHjcm; onf/ qefcgwifpm&if;rsm;tm; jyKqkwpf&yf csD;jr§ifhrnfjzpfonf/
14 ESpfwmMumjrifUcJUaom *RefeD'uf\ tcspfZmwfvrf; tqHk;owfcsdef NAdwdef½kyf&Sifxl;cRefqkrsm;twGuf qefcgwifpm&if;ü
eD;uyfvmNyDjzpfaMumif; owif;rsm;u azmfjy d f k f S
toHww½y&if The Artist Zmwfum;OD;aqmif
k f S f l f k
NAdwef½y&ix;cReq( BAF- k f S f l f k
urÇmvH;½ky&ix;cReqtygt0if ajrmuf qefcgwiftrsm;qHk;tae
TA) twGufqefcgwifpm&if;rsm; tjcm;aom qkrsm;pGmudk qGwfcl; jzifh pm&if;yg0ifcJhonf/
udk Zefe0g&Dv 17 &ufaeY tapm &&SdcJhygonf/ rmwifpaumhaq;aq;\tHh
ydkif;u xkwfjyefaMunmcJh&m The jyifopf Zmwfum;jzpfaom MozG,fzefwD;rIjzpfcJhonfh Hugo
Artist Zmwfum;uyif OD;aqmif The Artist Zmwfum;onf jAdwdef Zmwfum;ESifh rufa'gem;\ My
aecJhaMumif; od&onf/ f S f l f k
½ky&ix;cReqtwGuf qefcgwif Week with Marilyn Zmwfum;rSm
tjzLtrnf;jzifh wifqufcJh 12qk pm&if;0ifcJhNyD; qktrsm;qHk; qkajcmufqkqefcgwifpm&if;0if
onfhtjyif toHwdwftaejzifh pm&if;0ifcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ pydkif cJhygonf/ pwDAifpyD;bwf½dkuf
½dkuful;cJhaom xdkZmwfum;onf Zmwfum;jzpfaom Tinker Tailor ul;cJhaom War Horse ESifh The
,ckESpf atmfpum&moDü a&yef; Soldier Spy Zmwfum;rSm qefcg Help Zmwfum;wkdYvnf; qkig;qk
tpm;qHk;Zmwfum;jzpfaejyD; a&T wif 11qk pm&if;0ifcJhjyD; 'kwd, twGu fqefcgwif0ifcJhonf/
Billboard \ ta&mif;&qHk;pm&if;ü t'Jvf\ t,fvfbrfopf
14 ESpwmMumjrifcaom *Ref
f h hJ ESpfOD; oD;oefYtaejzifh oD;jcm;ae ygonf/ People r*¾Zif;ü azmfjy
&ufowÅywf 16ywfqufwdkuf xdfyfqHk;rS &yfwnf
f
eD'uf\ tcspZmwfvrf;rSm tqH; k xdkifrIrSmvnf; vlodxif&Sm;jzpf xm;csuft&rl *RefeD'ufESifh y&m Billboard \ ta&mif;&qHk; onf/ xdkodkYa&mif;csEdkifcJh&rIonf
owfcsdef eD;uyfvmNyDjzpfaMumif; vmcJhaMumif; owif;wGifazmfjycJh 'D;pfwdkYonf ESpfOD;twlwGJvsuf yGJ aw;t,fvfbrfrsm;pm&if;ü jAd 1997 ckESpfu xGuf&SdcJhaom Ti-
½dkufwmowif;Xmetygt0if o ygonf/ vuf&SdtcsdefwGif *RefeD rwufcJhonfrSmvnf; tcsdefMum wdef tqdkawmf t'Jvf\ t,fvf tanic \Zmwf0if oDcsif;a&mif;cs
wif;Xme trsm;tjym;u azmfjy 'uf\ toufrSm 48 ESpftwGif; h h h S
jrifcNhJ yDjzpfaMumif;ESihf NyD;cJonfEpf brfopfrm &ufowÅywf 16 ywf
S h S f
cJ&rI? 1992 ckEpu xGu&caom f dS hJ
cJhMuygonf/ odkYa&muf&SdaeNyDjzpfNyD; y&m'D;pf\ u jyKvkyfcJhaom uef;pf½kyf&SifyGJ qufwdkuf ta&mif;&qHk;t,fvf 0pfeD[lpwef\ The Bodyguard
*RefeD'ufonf jyifopftrsKd; S f
toufrm 39 ESpt&G,&NdS yD jzpfyg f awmfESifh ,ckESpftwGuf a&TurÇm brftjzpf &yfwnfEdkifcJhaMumif; oDcsif;? 1992 ckESpfuyif xGuf&Sd
orD;o½kyfaqmifESifh tqdkawmf f
onf/ wpfBudrwpfcgrQ vufxyf vHk; ½kyf&Sifxl;cRefqkay;yGJrsm;wGif od&Sd&ygonf/ h D k f f
cJaom bDva&;qdi;&yfp\ ome
S
Aefeufqmy&m'D;pfEihf 14 ESpMf um h l
cJz;jcif;r&Saomfvnf; olwYkd EpO;
d S f D vnf; *RefeD'ufwpfOD;wnf;udk t'Jvf\ t,fvfbrfopf Gave All oDcsif;rsm; a&mif;cscJh&
cspfBudK;oG,fcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; vuf&Sd wG i f &if a oG ; ES p f O D ; &S d a eonf / om jrifawGUcJh&aMumif; a&;om; jzpfaom 21 t,fvfbrfü yg onfh pHcsdefESifh wlnDcJhaMumif; od
tcsdefwGif olwdkYESpfOD;\ qufqH xdkYtjyif jyifopfESifh tar&duef cJhygonf/ tqdkygowif;rsm;ESifh 0ifcJhaomacgif;pD;oDcsif; 21 onf &ygonf/ 2012 ckESpf ESpfOD;ydkif;
a&;rSm ausmufwHk;ozG,fjzpfaecJh wGif wpfvSnfhpDaexdkif&if;jzifh ol ywf o uf í rl *Ref e D ' uf b uf r S t,fvfbrfxGuf&SdcJhjyD; &ufowÅ f kH
Billboard üxdyq;rS&yfwnfEichJ kd f
aMumif; People r*¾Zif;rS owif; wdkYESpfOD;rSm b0udkjzwfoef;cJh wpfpHkwpf&m xkwfazmfajymMum;cJh ywf 33 ywftwGif; tBudrfwpf onfhtqdkawmfESpfOD;rSmt'JvfESifh
azmfjycJhygonf/ xdkYtjyif olwdkY aMumif; owif;rsm;wGifazmfjycJh jcif;r&SdaMumif; od&onf/ odef;ESifhtxuf a&mif;cscJh&yg f
a*sqifrufZwYjkdzpfaMumif;od&onf/
46
u&mqpftm; csJvfqD;ESifUtNydKif vDAmyl;vf pdwf0ifpm; &Sufwm'kd;eufpftoif;\ b&mZD;vfuGif;v,fvl 0DvsHtm;
vDAmyl;vftoif;onf *sL ac:,lEkdif&ef BudK;pm;aevsuf&Sd
Aifwyfptoif;\ awmifyupm;
f
orm;jzpfol u&mqpftm; csJvf
H onf/ u&mqpfonf NyD;cJhonfh
2010 jynfhESpfu CSKA armfpukd
aygifoef; 20 jzifU ac:,l&ef csJvfqD;toif; BudK;yrf;vm
qD;? pyg;toif;wkdYESifhtNydKifac: toif;xHrS aygif 14 oef;jzifh *sL f d f D
y&D;rD;,m;vd*xyo;uvyf
,l&ef pdwf0ifpm;aeaMumif; od& Aifwyftoif;okdY ajymif;a&TUvmcJh csJvfqD;toif;onf ,lu&def;
onf/ oljzpfonf/ touf 27 ESpf&Sd uvyf &Sufwm'kd;eufpftoif;\
vDAmyl;vftoif;onf *sL qmbD;,m;awmifyHupm;orm; b&mZD;vfuGif;v,fvl 0DvsHbkd
Aifwyfpftoif;eJY oabmwlnDrI u&mqpfudk ref,toif;uvnf;
l *ufpf 'gaq;vfAm;ukd aygifoef;
&&Sdvdrfhrnf[k ,kHMunfxm;vsuf NyD;cJonfh atmufwbmvtwGi;
h dk f 20 jzifh ac:,l&efBudK;yrf;aevsuf
&SNd yD; csJvq;ESihf pyg;toif;wkYd udk
f D u ac:,l&efBudK;pm;cJhzl;aMumif; &SdaMumif; od&onf/
ausmf j zwf u m u&mqpf t m; od&onf/ touf 23 ESpfom&Sdao;
H h
onfh 0Dvsonf NyD;cJonf&moDu
emq&DESifU &Dbm&Dwkdhukd ac:,l&ef PSG BudK;yrf; &Sufwm'kd;eufpftoif;ESifhtwl
csefyD,Hvd*fwGif ajcpGrf;jyupm;
umwmawmf0ifrdom;pkrsm; vef E S i f h csJ v f q D ; toif ; wk d Y \ EkdifcJhaomaMumihf Oa&mytoif;
d f dk f df D
ykiqiaom jyifopfxyo;uvyf enf;jya[mif; tefqavmhwDukd BuD;tawmfrsm;rsm;u ac:,l&ef
D
PSG toif;onfrefp;wD;toif; enf;jytjzpf cefYtyfxm;onf/ rsufpdusaejcif;vnf;jzpfonf/
\ uGif;v,fupm;orm;jzpfol PSG toif;onf t*Fveftoif; f
uGi;v,fupm;orm;jzpfol 0DvsH
emq&DESifh ab,efjrL;epftoif; acgif;aqmifa[mif; a';Apfbufcrf; onf b,f a wmif y H a e&mES i f h ae*sm tmpif0if;*g;onf 0DvsHukd csJvfqD;toif;refae*sm bkd f
xkway;&rnf jzpfonf/ &Suwm f
f
\ uGi;v,fvl &Dbm&DwYdk udk ac: ukd ac:,l&ef eD;pyfonftajc aemufcsefwkdufppfrSL;ae&mrsm; ac:,l&ef BudK;pm;cJhzl;NyD; &Sufwm tuf&onf0vstm;ac:,l&efqE´
fS D H d f D
'k;eufptoif;onf0vsHua&mif;dk
,l&ef BudK;yrf;aevsuf&SdaMumif; taea&muf&SdcJhNyD;rS vufvGwfcJh ukdyg upm;Ekdifolvnf;jzpfonf/ 'kd;eufpftoif;tm; ajymif;a&TU jyif;jyaeaomfvnf;toif;ykdif&Sif csrnfr[kwf[kqkdaeaomfvnf;
od&onf/ &aomaMumifh emq&DEi&bm&DwYdk S hf D NyD;cJhonfh aEG&moDtajymif;ta&TU aMu;owfrSwfay;&ef awmif;qkd d f
atb&mrkApfcs\oabmxm;t& aygifoef; 30 cefYom ay;acsrnfqdk
PSG toif;onf atpDrD ukBd udK;yrf;vmjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ umvu tmqife,ftoif; ref cJhzl;aMumif; od&onf/ upm;orm;wpfO;D ukjd yefvnfa&mif; G f d
ygua&mif;csz,vnf;&Saeonf/
Sports News In Brief
vDAmyl;vf á vDAmyl;vftoif;\ upm;orm;a[mif;jzpfol [mref;
onf avmif;upm;vkyfrIaMumifh aygif 288000 qkH;½IH;cJhonf/
&D;'if; á &D;'if;toif;Ouú| rm'ufpuDonf toif;ukd aygifoef;
40 jzifh ½k&Sm;ukrÜPDwpfckxH a&mif;cs&ef aqmif&Gufaeonf/
b&mZD;vf á b&mZD;vftoif;\ vufa&G;pifupm;orm;a[mif;
jzpfol ½kde,fvf'if[kdonf bkdvD;AD;,m;or®wESifhawGUqkHcJhonf/
bmpDvkdem á bmpDvkdemtoif;\ upm;orm;a[mif;jzpfol tm
*sifwD;em;uGif;v,fvl &DuG,fvfrD;u tifeDa,pwmrSm tHhMozG,f
aumif;avmufatmif xl;cRefonfhupm;orm;[k qkdcJhonf/
tmqife,f á tmqife,fenf;jy tmpif0if;*g;u aemufwef; b,f
tpGefupm;orm;wpfOD; ac:,lrnf[k twnfjyKcJhonf/
aumfpwm&Dum á tmz&duzvm; NydKifyGJ0ifaeonfh aumfpwm&Dum
toif;\ tmqife,fwkdufppfrSL; *smAif[kdu aumfpwm&Dumtoif;
rSm ¤if;twGuftmqife,fuJhokdYyif ta&;ygonf[k ajymMum;cJhonf/
refpD;wD; á refpD;wD;toif;enf;jy refpDeDu toif;okdY wDAufZfjyef
vm&efrSm rjzpfEkdif[k ajymMum;cJhonf/
'a&mUbmtm; wpfywfaygif 267000 jzifU
okH;ESpfpmcsKyfcsKyfqkd&ef &Sef[kdif;&Sif[Gm urf;vSrf;
fl f
w½kwpygvd*uvyf&e[i; S f dk f w,f/uRefawmfh&JUtvkyf[m y&d
&S i f [ G m toif ; onf csJ v f q D ; owfawGtay:rSmrlwnfygw,f/
toif;\ tkdifA&DukdYpfwkdufppfrSL; uRefawmfqkdvkdcsifwmu csJvfqD;
'a&mh b mtm; wpf y wf a ygif toif;uaerxGufcGmao;vl;qkd
267000 jzifh okH;ESpfpmcsKyfcsKyfqkd wmukdyg/ ZGefvtxd uRefawmf
f h
&ef urf;vSr;cJaMumif; od&onf/ S dS
'Dr&aerSmyg}}[k ajymMum;cJonf/ h
odkYaomf 'a&mhbmu vuf&Sd fl f
w½kwpygvd*uvyf &Se[i;f f dk
Zefe0g&Dtajymif;ta&GUumvwGif f G
&Si[mtoif;onf csvq;toif; J f D
csJvfqD;toif;rS xGuf cGmOD;rnf \ jyifopfwkdufppfrSL; te,fvf
f J
r[kwb&moDuetxdqufvufkf d
umukvnf;wpfywfaygifEpoe; S f d f
&SdaernfjzpfaMumif; twnfjyK jzifh ac:,lxm;vsuf&onf/ csJvf dS
ajymMum;cJhonf/ 'a&mhbmu qD;toif;onf 'a&mhbmtm;
]]uRefawmf y&dowftopfawG? t wpfESpfoufwrf;wkd; pmcsKyfcsKyf
awGYtMuHKopfawG?zdtm;topfawG qk d & ef urf ; vS r f ; cJ h a omf v nf ;
J f D
&Smcsif ygw,f/ csvq;toif;rSm 'a&mhbmu ESpfESpfpmcsKyfcsKyfqkd
'D&moDukefwJhtxdaezkdY qE´&Sdyg &ef qE´&SdaeaMumif; od&onf/
tm;upm;owif; twdktxGmrsm; MNL yGJpOf(3)wGif vuf&SdcsefyD,H &efukefESifh 25 yGJquf ½HI;yGJr&Sdao;aom
á Zefe0g&DvtwGuf zDzmurÇmhabmvHk;tqifhrsm;udkxkwfjyefcJh&m
jrefrmtoif;onf tqifh&yfwnfrIajymif;vJcsufr&SdbJ urÇmhtqifh {&m0wD,lEdkufwufwdkh½HI;edrfUcJUNyD; [Hom0wDESifUcsif;,lEdkufwuf? rauG;ESifU&u©yl&wdkhoa&us
172 ü&yfwnfvsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/ jrefrmtoif;onf tqifh&yf jrefrmae&Sife,fvd*f yGJpOf
I d f
wnfrtajymif;tvJr&Saomfvnf; a'owGi;toif;rsm;jzpfonfh xdi;? k f (3)udk Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYu
tif'dkeD;&Sm;? AD,uferfESifh pifumyltoif;wdkYrSm tqifhrsm;toD;oD;us atmifqef;? y'kr®m? awmifMuD;ESifh
qif;cJhonfudk awGU&onf/NyD;cJhonfhvu urÇmhtqifh 98 txd wuf k G f G f h
rH&muGi;wdYk wiusif;ycJ&m vuf
kd f hJ
a&mufEicaom AD,uferftoif;rSm 101 odYk vnf;aumif;? xdi;toif; k f &SdcsefyD,H &efukef,lEdkufwuft
rSm tqifh 124 odkYvnf;aumif;? tif'dkeD;&Sm;toif;rSm 143 odkY vnf; oif;ESifh 25 yGJqufwdkuf ½HI;yGJr&Sd
aumif;? pifumyltoif;rSm 147 odkYvnf;aumif; toD;oD;usqif; ao;aom {&m0wDtoif;wdkY ½HI;
oGm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/ edrfhcJhNyD; [Hom0wDESifh csif;,lEdkuf
k J G
á rauG;toif;ESihf &wemyHtoif;wdYk \yGpOfwif uGi;v,f'i\qH; f kd f k l
wuf? rauG;ESihf &u©y&toif;wdYk
jzwfcsufudk jyif;jyif;xefxefapm'uwufrIrsm;jyKvkyfcJhaom &wemyHk oa&usoGm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
toif;\ enf;pepf'g½dkufwmjzpfol rpöwm a&mbwftm;jrefrmEdkifiH awmifMuD;uGif;wGif ,SOfNydKif
abmvHk;tzGJUcsKyf pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDu wpfyGJy,fjypf'Pf upm;cJhaom uarÇmZtoif;ESifh
ESifh 'PfaiGusyf oHk;odef; jypf'PfcsrSwfcJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ xdkYtjyif &efukef,lEdkufwuftoif;wdkY\
tqdkygyGJwGif wm0ef,ludkifwG,fcJhaom uGif;v,f'dkifjzpfol OD;vSrif; yGJpOfwGif yxrydkif;NyD;onftxd
tm;vnf; jrefrmae&Sife,fvd*fyGJpOf(3)tm; yGJMuD;Muyfapjcif;rjyK&ef *dk;r&Sdoa&uscJhNyD; 'kwd,ydkif; 67
qHk;jzwfcJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ G f
rdepfwiuarÇmZtoif;\ upm; ay;Z,m;udk qufvufOD;aqmif onf/ aZ,sma&Tajrtoif;t Edkufwuftoif;ESifh toif;opf
á tm&SabmvHk;tzGJYcsKyfrS BuD;rSL;zGifhvSpfrnfh AFC Elite Education oem;opf Eleufpfu 35 udkuft EdkifcJhonf/ kH
wGuf wpfv;wnf;aom tEdi*; k f kd csif;,lEdkuftoif;wdkYyGJpOfwGif
d f H k J S G
Seminar 2012 odYk jrefrmEkiiabmvH;tzGUcsKyfrwufa&mufom;rnfjzpf uGmrSuefoi;cJNh yD; uarÇmZtoif;
G f rHk&GmuGif;wGif ,SOfNydKifupm; udk wdkufppfrSL;ausmfudkudku yif wpfzufwpf*dk;pDoa&uscJhNyD; y'k
aMumif;od&onf/ ,if;oifwef;udk MFF rS jrefrmae&Sife,fvd*fwm twGuf wpfvHk;wnf;aom tEdkif cJhaomyGJpOfü aZ,sma&Tajrtoif; e,fwDrSwqifh oGif;,lcJhjcif;jzpf r®muGif;wGif ,SOfNydKifupm;cJhaom
0efcHOD;0if;olrdk;ESifh vufaxmufenf;jy OD;atmifatmifxGef;wdkYwuf *dk;udk&,lEdkifcJhonf/ ,if;&v'f u 25 yGJqufwdkuf ½HI;yGJr&SdpHcsdef onf/ rauG;toif;ESifh &u©yl&toif;
a&mufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ OD;0if;olrdk;onf AFC \ "A" vdkifpifenf;jy aMumifh uarÇmZtoif;onf oH;yGJ k wifxm;aom{&m0wD,lEdkufwuf atmifqef;uGif;wGif ,SOf wdkYyGJpOfrSmvnf; *dk;r&Sdoa&yGJjzifh
vufrSwf&&Sdxm;oljzpfNyD; OD;atmifatmifxGef;rSmvnf; ,cifujrefrmh upm;? &rSwf 9 rSwfjzifh trSwf toif;udk (1-0)*dk;jzifh tEdkif&&SdcJh NydKifupm;cJhaom [Hom0wD,l NyD;qHk;oGm;cJhonf/
vufa&G;piftoif;vufaxmufenf;jytjzpfaqmif&GufcJhum vuf&Sd
wGif b½lEkdif;bk&ifhzvm;NydKifyGJ0ifrnfh ,l-21 toif;\vufaxmuf
enf;jytjzpf aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
Road to 27th SEA GAME "mwfykHjyyGJusif;yrnf
á [Hom0wD,Euwuf(,cifOóm,lEuwuf)toif;\ enf;jy
l kd f kd f Road to 27th SEAGAME tm;upm;jydKifyGJ usif;ycJhykHrsm;? tjzpf wm0efcJhonfh tif'kdeD;&Sm; ,lusif;yrnfh (27)Budrfajrmuf
a[mif;jzpfol qmAm*sDonf uarÇmZtoif;odkYajymif;a&GU&ef oabm trnfjzifh "mwfykHjyyGJukd &efukef jrefrmEkdifiHrS tm;upm;tzGJUcsKyf EkdifiHtpkd;&? jynfolrsm;? vli,f ta&SUawmiftm&S tm;upm;NydKif
wlnDrI&&Sdxm;NyDjzpfNyD; uarÇmZtoif;wGif OD;at;armifMuD;? OD;oef; d
jrdKU&dS tm&SyvmZm[kw,fwif Zef G f HS f
toD;oD;\,SONf ydKicMhJ uykrwwrf; rsm;? tm;upm;a&;&m0efBuD;Xme? yGJukd atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&eft
xdkufwdkYESifhwGJí wm0efxrf;aqmifoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ e0g&Dv 29 &ufrS 31 &ufaeYt "mwfykHrsm;ukd jyoxm;rnfjzpf tkdvHypfaumfrwD? tm;upm;jydKif wGuf wpfaxmifhwpfae&mrSyg0if
,ckESpfwGifrS EdkifiHjcm;om;upm;orm;rsm; pwifac:,lcJhaom uarÇm xdusif;yoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od aMumif; od&onf/ J
yGusif;ya&;OD;pD;aumfrwDwYdk vuf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvkdpdwfrsm;ay:
S f
Ztoif;onf 2012 ckEpf jrefrmae&Sie,fv*f yGpOfEpyupm;tNyD;wGif
d J S f JG &Sd&onf/ jyyGJjyo&jcif;ESifhywfouf J
wGí atmifjrifpmusif;ycJrI "mwf
G h aygufvmap&ef &nf&G,fonf[k
ESpfyGJEdkif? &rSwfajcmufrSwfjzifh [Hom0wD,lEdkufwuftoif;ESifhtwl tqkdyg "mwfykHjyyGJwGif (26) í (26)Budrfajrmuf ta&SUawmif ykHrSwfwrf;rsm;ukdavhvmjcif;jzifh vnf; pDpOfolrsm;xHrS od&dS&yg
trSwfay;Z,m;wGif xdyfqHk;ae&mü&yfwnfvsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/ Budrfajrmuf ta&SUawmiftm&S tm&Stm;upm;NydKifyGJwGif tdrf&Sif d f H f S f
jrefrmEkiiutdr&itjzpf wm0ef onf/
48
*&dwfNAdwdefabmvHk;toif;wGif toif; vef'eftdkvHypfNydKifyGJ\ vHkjcHKa&;0wfpHkjynfUavUusifUrIrsm;udk vef'efNrdKY&Sd odrf;pfjrpftwGif;jyKvkyf
acgif;aqmiftjzpf wm0ef,lvdkaMumif;
a';Apfbufcrf 0efcHajymMum;
t*Fvef emrnfausmfupm; a'ojzpfwhJ vef'efta&SUzsm;a'o
orm;a';Apfbufcrfonfvmrnfh rSm usif;yrSmjzpfvdkY uRefawmf
2012 NAdwdeftdkvHypfwGifNydKifyGJ0if t&rf;pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeygw,f}}[k
rnfh *&dwfNAdwdefabmvHk;toif; ajymMum;cJhonf/ xdkYjyif bufcrf
f S
wGiyg0if,ONf ydKifumtoif;acgif; u toif;ESifhpmcsKyfoufwrf;
k
aqmif&mxl;ud&,lvaMumif;ajym kd rwdk;rD y&D;rD;,m;vd*ftoif;rsm;
Mum;vdkufonf/ f kd d hJ
\urf;vSr;rIu&&ScaMumif;vnf;
NyD;cJhonfh&ufydkif;twGif;u ajymMum;cJhonf/ bufcrfu y&D;
LA *vufqDtoif;ESifhtwl ESpf rD;,m;vd*frS toif;ESpfoif;u
ESpf oufwrf;wdk;pmcsKyf csKyfqdkcJh ¤if;tm; t*FvefajrwGif jyefvnf
onfhbufcrfu toif;ESifhtwl ajccsEdkif&ef tcGifhta&;ay; urf;
f hJ h
jyKvkyconfowif;pm&Si;vif;yGJ f vSrf;cJhaMumif;? odkYaomf rdrd\
h
wGif ,if;uJoYkd ajymMum;cJjh cif;jzpf rdom;pkrSm tar&duefwGif tajc
onf/ touf 36 ESpft&G,f&SdNyD d d d kd f kd f
usaeNyDjzpfovkrru,wivnf;
jzpfonfh bufcrfu ]]*&dwNf Adwef d LA *vufqDtoif;wGif upm;
toif;&JU toif;acgif;aqmif&m ae&onfudk aysmf&Tifaeojzifh 2012 vef'eftdkvHypfNydKifyGJ ´d d f f kd f
tdE,EkiiH rGrbi;NrdKUwGijf zpfym; G awGudk taumif;qHk;wm0efaus pD;qif;onfh odrf;pfjrpfonf O2
xl;udk uRefawmftvGeftvdk&Sdyg toif;ESipmcsKyoufwrf;wd;cJjh cif;
hf f k f h
twGuvjkH cHKa&;0wfpjkH ynfavhusihf h h kd kfD
cJonf[w,ftydip;aomtMurf; atmifaqmif&uom;rSmyg/ odr;pf
G f G f Arena tm;upm;uGif;teD;rSjzwf
w,f/ t*Fvefvufa&G;piftoif; jzpfaMumif;vnf;ajymMum;cJonf/ h rIrsm;udk vef'efNrdKU&Sdodrf;pfjrpft zufrrsK;jzpfym;rnfukd pd;&draeMu
I d G k f jrpf[mvef'efNrdKU&JUtonf;ESv;Hk vdYk oef;pD;qif;NyD;,if;tm;upm;uGi; f
h
udk OD;aqmifNyD; urÇmzvm;NydKifyeYJ JG *&dwfNAdwdeftoif;enf;jy p f h
wGi; NyD;cJonfMh umoyaw;aeYu hf I
onf/,ckavhusir\tkycsKyfa&; f ajymvdkY&NyD; 'Dae&m[m tdkvHypf wGif vef'eftvypfNydKify\ uRr;
kd H JG f
,l½dkNydKifyGJawGrSm ,SOfNydKifcJhzl;wJh wl;0yfy,mhuvnf; LA *vufqD
D jyKvkyfcJhMuaMumif;od&Sd&onf/ rSL;jzpfol vufaxmuf&Jrif;BuD; NydKify&UJ txifu&ae&mwpfcjk zpf
JG JG k
bm;NydKifyrsm;udvufcusi;yrnf H f
uRefawmfhtwGuf *&dwfNAdwdeft f
toif;wGiqufaernfbufcrf\ h Operation Woolwich Arse- c&pöt,fvDqifu ]]trSeftwdkif; vmygvdrfhr,f/ 'DESpfaEG&moDu jzpfonf/ xdYk jyifor;pfjrpftwGi;
d f f
oif;udkOD;aqmifNyD; tdkvHypfNydKifyGJ qHk;jzwfcsufudkcsD;usL;cJhNyD; tkdvH nal Pier [k trnfay;xm;onfh ajym&&if odr;pfjrpfquae pd;&drf
f D k awmh vef'efNrdKUtwGuf wjcm;aEG avSi,frsm;jzifh y&dowfrsm;ESifh c
rSm,SONf yKd ici&cJ&iftvGeuaumif;
f G hf h f H ypfNydKiyusi;ycsewiMf uHcirjI ynf0
f JG f d f G h kd f h hf I G
,if;avhusirwif t*Fvefa&wyf h
p&maumif;wJtMurf;zufrawGjzpf I l l
&moDawGeYJrwlbJ wpfrx;jcm;ae &D;oGm;rsm;udo,f,yYkdaqmifrrsm;
l
k I
h
wJupm;orm;wpfO;tjzpfrw,l D S f aernfbufcrf;\tajctaeut
h om;rsm;ESifhtwl paumhwvef hf
vmzdYkutcGitvrf;enf;ygw,f/ ygvdrfhr,f}}[k ajymMum;cJhonf/ jyKvkyfrnfvnf;jzpfovdk odrf;pf
Edkifygvdrfhr,f/ tdkvHypfNydKifyGJ[m f
oif;twGutvGetusK;&Srnfjzpf f d d ,mh'&wyfzUJG rSwyfom;rsm;twly;
f J l 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkY&JUwm0ef vef'efNrdKUv,frS jzwfoef; jrpfurf;yg;odkYvnf; y&dowfrsm;
uRefawmfi,fpOfu BuD;jyif;cJhwJh aMumif;ajymMum;vdkufonf/ wGJyg0ifcJhMuonf/ ta&twGuf pGmvma&muftyef;ajzMuvdrrnf hf
tm;jzifh a&wyfom; 100 cefYESifh [k vHkjcHKa&;wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u cefY
hJ
&Jt&m&Sd 50 cefYyg0ifconfh ,if; f k H
rSe;xm;Muonf/ tdvypfNydKifyt JG
hf I kd
avhusiru&ufowåywfwpfywf wGuf vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif
kf G
MumjyKvyom;rnfvnf;jzpfonf/ vHjk cHKa&;wyfom;rsm;ESitwlwufhf kd
vef'eftdkvHypfNydKifyGJwGif vHk av,mOfrsm;? wdkufoabmFESpfpD;
jcHKa&;0efxrf; 25000 0ef;usicefY f hf S
ESitwl ajrjyifra0[ifypf';Hk ysrsm; H
xm;&SdrnfjzpfNyD; pkpkaygif;toHk;p vnf; yg0ifrnfjzpfaMumif;od&
&dwf aygif 553 oef;cefYtxd t onf/ xdkYjyifvdktyfygu NAdwdef
k
oH;jyKrnfvnf;jzpfonf/ tdvypf k H wyfrawmf\tultnDudkvnf;
NydKifyGJ vHkjcHKa&; wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u G
&,lom;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
ig;EdkifiH cspfMunfa&;um;armif;NydKifyGJudk jrefrmEdkifiHu tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif;yrnf
a'owGif;EdkifiHrsm;rS um; armif;uvyfwGifusif;yrnf jzpf vwGif; xdkif;EdkifiHwGif xdkif;c&D; cJhjcif;jzpfNyD; ajrtus,f 2 'or
armif;orm;rsm; yg0if,SOfNydKifMu k f
NyD;xdi;? AD,uferf? pifumyl? vm oGm;vma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh tm; 6325 [ufwm us,f0ef;um
rnfh ig;EdkifiHcspfMunfa&; um; tdk? uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiHrsm;rS um; upm;0efBuD;XmewdYk yl;aygif;usi; f jrefrmEdkifiHrS tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcH
armif;NydKifyGJudk 2012 ckESpf Zefe0g armif;orm; 20 OD;cefY yg0if,SOf ycJhonfh tmqD,Hrdom;pkum; usif;yrnfh (27) Budrfajrmuf
&DvaemufqHk;ywfü jrefrmEdkifiHrS NydKifMurnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ JG G f k f h l
armif;NydKifywitEdi&cJz;aMumif; qD;*drf;pfNydKifyGJwGif toHk;jyKEdkif&ef
tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif;yrnf jref r mEd k i f i H o nf tqd k y g od&Sd&onf/ f
twGuf um;armif;uGi;opfwpfck
jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ um;armif;NydKifyGJudk 2009 ckESpfu &efukefNrdKU ok0PÖ&Sd Top udk rEÅav;NrdKUwGif aqmufvkyf
,if;um;armif;NydKifyGJudk &ef vnf; tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif; Ruby Land um;armif;uvyf f dS
&ef pDpOfvsu&aMumif;vnf; od&dS
ukefNrdKU&Sd Top Ruby Land um; ycJhzl;NyD; 2010jynfhESpf Edk0ifbm onf 2009 ckESpfu pwifzGifhvSpf &onf/
jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ol&OD;a&Tref;ESifh tar&dueftxufvTwfawmftrwf*Refrufudef;wdkY awGqHkcJhNyD; Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJom
vTwfawmfESpf&yfyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef tar&duefvTwfawmfodkY vma&mufavhvm&efzdwfMum;cJh vGwfvyfNyD;w&m;rQwygu
jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú| ol&
ta&;,lydwfqdkh rIrsm;½kyf
OD;a&Tref;ESifh tar&dueftxuf
vTwfawmftrwf *Refrufudef;wdkY
odrf;&eftar&dueftoifh&Sd
Zef e 0g&D v 22 &uf a eYu ae vGwfvyfNyD;w&m;rQw onhf
jynfawmf&Sd vTwfawmftaqmuf Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJusif;yay;
ttHkwGifawGYqHkaqG;aEG;cJhaMumif; a&;tygt0if jrefrmt&yfom;tpd; k
owif;&&Sdonf/ &uom EdkifiHa&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI
,if;uJhodkY awGYqHkaqG;aEG;&m rsm;qufvufvyaqmifygutark f
wG i f vT w f a wmf E S p f & yf y l ; aygif ; &duefjynfaxmifpktaejzifh ta&;
G f kd f
aqmif&uEi&eftwGutar&duef f ,lydwfqkdYrIrsm; ½kyfodrf;ay;&eft
vTwfawmfodkYvma&mufavhvm&ef oihf&SdaMumif; tar&dueftxuf
zdwfMum;cJhNyD; vTwfawmfESpf&yfyl; vTwfawmftrwfrsm;u jrefrmEkdifiH
aygif;aqmif&Gufygu jrefrmhvTwf odkYrvma&mufrD befaumufNrdKY
awmf\ t&nftaoG;ydkrdkaumif; wGifa&muf&SdpOfajymMum;cJhonf/
rGefvmrnfjzpfaMumif;? vTwfawmf *Refrufudef;? *sKd;qufzfvD
t&nftaoG;rsm; ydkrdkaumif;rGef Amrif;efwkdYOD;aqmifaom 0g&ifh
vmygu 'Drdkua&pDta&;aqmif tar&dueftxufvwawmftrwf T f
f
&Gu&mwGif xufxufjrufjrufpr; G f rsm;onf jref r mEk d i f i H o d k Y rvm
aqmifvmEdirnfjzpfívma&mufavh
kf jynfolhvTwfawmfOuú| ol& OD;a&Tref;ESifU tar&dueftxufvTwfawmftrwf *Refrufudef;wdkhawGYqHkMupOf a&mufrD 'DZifbmv 21 &ufaeYu
d h
vm&efzwMf um;cJaMumif;od&onf/ w,f/ olwdkYuvnf;tqifhvdkuf NyD; vTwfawmfuEdkifiH&JUbwf*suf wd;wuf&eftwGuqufvufaqmif
k f d f d f H G f dS
xki;Ekiiwi&aepOfowif;axmuf
]]tck v ma&muf a qG ; aEG ; wJ h tqifhvdkufaqmif&Gufaewmqdk awGudk aoaocsmcsmpdppfray;Edkif &GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? tar&d rsm;udkajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
*Refrufudef;OD;aqmifwJhtzGJYrSm qD awmh &uft wdt usrajymao; &iftqifrajybl;/ tJ'gudkaoao ueftxufvTwfawmftrwf vm ]]uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSmoHo,
f
edwwmav;a,mufygvmygw,f/ ygbl;}}[kjynfolYvTwfawmf Ouú| csmcsmwdwususpppfay;Edi&r,f/
d d k f a&mufawGYqHk&mrSmvnf; wdkif;&if; r&Sdwmu vGwfvyfNyD;w&m;rQw
ESpfa,mufuawmh orwåavmif; ol&OD;a&Tref;u ajymMum;cJhonf/ ta&;MuD;qHk;aemufwpfckuawmh om;udk,fpm;vS,fawGa&SUrSmyJyGifh h JG
wJa&G;aumufyomjzpf&if ta&;,l
hJ l
awGjzpfcz;ygw,f/ Sanctions udpö quf v uf N yD ; *Ref r uf u d e f ; a&;&maumfrwDawGtvkyfrjzpfvdkY yGifhvif;vif;aqG;aEG;aMumif;? vQKdU f I k
ydwqYdk rawGtqH;owfzYkd urÇmay:
awGudkvnf; jyefvnfzGifhvSpfay; uvnf;]]'Drdkua&pDtrSefwu,f rjzpfbl;/ tJ'Da&;&m aumfrwDawG 0Sufp&mr&SdaMumif;? EdkifiHhtusKd;udk ub,fwdkif;jynfeJYrqdk yl;aygif;
EdkifzdkY wpfqifhcsif;wdk;wufatmif &&SdzdkYtpGrf;txufqHk;vufeufu touf0ifrS'Drdkua&pDppfudka&muf qufvufaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpf aqmif&GufzkdYtoifhygyJ}} [k ruf
aqmif&Gufay;oGm;r,f/ oHwref f f
vTwawmfygyJ/ vTwawmfraumif; r,f}}[ktMuHjyK aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ aMumif; jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\ udef;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
tqifhwdk;jr§ifhrSmvnf; aocsmyg &if'Drdkua&pDrjzpfygbl;/ aemuf vT w f a wmf t aejzif h Ed k i f i H f
ajymMum;csursm;t& od&ygonf/ Ref;VOA
tar&dueftxufvTwfawmftrwf *Refrufudef;ESih f txufvTwfawmftrwfav;OD; &efukefNrdKU tar&duefpifwmüowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJjyKvkyf
ta&;,lydwfqdkh rIrsm; ½kyfodrf;&ef rnfrQtcsdef,l&rnfqdkonfudk cefhrSef;&cufaMumif; *Refrufudef; ajymMum;
jrefrmEdkifiHodkY Zefe0g&Dv 22 H k fh
iHqufqa&;wd;jr§ia&;udp&yfrsm;? ö
dS h h
&ufaeYua&muf&vmcJonftar&d vmrnfh Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyrsm; JG
ueftxufvTwfawmftrwf *Ref wGif avhvmolrsm; cGifhjyKa&;udpö
rufudef; tygt0if txufvTwf &yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;cJhaMumif; od&Sd&
awmftrwfav;OD;onf&efukefNrdKU onf/
d
&Star&duefpifwmüowif;pm&Si; f jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDa&;udk tpOf
vif;yGJwpf&yfudk tqdkygaeY nae wpfpdkuftm;ay;axmufcHolwpfOD;
6em&D 15rdepfwGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/ jzpfonfh tar&dueftxufvTwf
tqdkyg owif;pm&Sif;vif; awmf t rwf *Ref r uf u d e f ; onf
yGJwGiftar&dueftxufvTwfawmf 2008 ckESpf tar&duefor®w a&G;
trwf *Refrufudef;? *sKd;vDbmrif? JG G
aumufywif vuf&or®w tkbm;dS d
&S,fvf'ef0Idufa[mufpf? u,fvD rm;ESifh ,SOfNydKifcJholjzpfNyD; tar&d
k D k f H
tm,dwwYkd u jrefrmEdiitay: t uefjynfaxmifpk &DywfbvDuef
ar&duefjynfaxmifpku ydwfqdkY ygwD\txufvTwfawmftrwf
ta&;,lxm;rI?jrefrmEdkifiHwGif; 'Drdk a'pdk;rdk;a&;? vGwfvyfpGmxkwfazmf wuf j zpf a y:ajymif ; vJ r I a wG e J Y Ediiawmfor®wOD;ode;pde?f jynfoYl
k f H f wpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf/
ua&pDvkyfief;pOfrsm; taumif ajymqdci?hf a&;om;jzefYa0cGi?hf vGwf
k G k f dk f k f
wdu½uouf qdiaevdYk yg/ yxr vTwfawmfOuú| ol&OD;a&Tref;? &ef tar&duefor®w tdkbm;rm;
txnfazmfaqmif&GufaerI? ESpfEdkif vyfpGmpka0;cGifh ponfhtaMumif; H f
OD;qk;t"duajcvSr;uawmh {NyDv ukefNrdKUwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD vufxufwGif tar&duefonf
iHqufqHa&;? {NyDv 1 &ufaeYwGif t&mrsm;udk wpfOD;csif;pDajymMum; f
rSmusi;yr,fh Mum;jzwfa&G;aumuf tzGJUcsKyfA[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU jrefrmEdkifiHESifh ywfoufonfh ¤if;
jyKvkyfrnfh Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJ? cJhonf/ yGJawGyg}} [k ajymMum;cJhonf/ Ouú| a':atmifqef;pkMunfwdkYESifh wdkY\ rl0g'udk ajymif;vJcJhNyD; jref
EdkifiHwGif;jzpfyGm;aeonfh wdkif;&if; tar&d u ef txuf v T w f jrefrmEdkifiHodkY a&muf&Sdvm vnf; Zefe0g&Dv 22 &ufaeYu rmEdkifiHESifh xdawGUqufqHaqG;aEG;
om;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh y#dyu©ta&;? t awmftrwf *Refrufudef;u]]ta&; h h
cJonftar&dueftxufvwawmf T f oD;jcm;pD awGUqkHaqG;aEG;cJhaMumif; oGm;rnfhvrf;pOfudk usifhokH;vmcJh
usOf;axmifrsm;wGif usef&aeonfh dS ,lydwfqdkYrIawG ½kyfodrf;zdkYtwGuf d f
trwf *Refrufue;? *sKd;vD bmrif? od&onf/ onf/ tar&duef-jrefrm oHw
,kHMunfcsufaMumifh tusOf;uscH b,favmuftcsdef,l&r,f qdkwm &S,fvf'ef0Idufa[mufpf? u,fvD EdkifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdef refqufqHa&;onf 1947 ckESpfu
ae&olrsm;vTwfay;a&;? w&m;Oy cefYrSef;&cufygw,f/'gu wdk; tm,dkwDwdkYonf aejynfawmfwGif ESifh awGUqkHaqG;aEG;&mwGif ESpfEdkif wnf;u pwifcJhonf/
J
y&D;rD;,m;vd*f yGpOf (22)
ausmif;pmMunfUwkdufrsm;zGHhNzdK;wkd;wufa&;ESifU pmzwf&defjr§ifhwifa&;yGJawmf
S d d f H G k f U J f
xki;f Ekiiwijf yKvyonfracgia'o ausmfudkudktm; Ek&ifbwftoif;rS yl;wGJavUusifUrIrsm;jyKvkyfNyD; aem0pfcsf 0-0 cs,fvfqD;
abmfwef 3-1 vDAmyl;
qkay;yGJtcrf;tem; AdkvfwaxmifNrdKYe,fwGifusif;y pGrf;tifu@qkdif&m aqG;aEG;yGJwGif jrefrmEkdifiHESifU ajcpGrf;prf;oyfvdkaMumif; urf;vSrf; zlvf[rf 5-2 e,l;umq,f
refpD;wD; 3-2 pyg;
ywfoufonfU pmwrf;av;apmifzwfMum;cJU *smrefbGef'pfvD*guvyf
Ek&ifbwftoif;onf aZ,sma&T
tJAmwef 1-1 bvufbef;
usLyDtm 3-1 0D8ef
d f d f H G f
xki;Ekiiwijf yKvkyonfh rJ able Energy Revolving Fund f
nm&Sirsm;?*sme,fvpfrsm;uaqG; ajrtoif;rS jrefrmhvufa&G;pif pwkwf 1-2 0ufpfb&Gef;
acgifa'o pGrf;tifu@qkdif&m (RRERF) Trial in Myanmar"? aEG;ar;jref;cJMh uNyD; pmwrf;aygif; k f S
toif;wduppfrL;ausmuutm; f kd kd qef;'g;vef; 2-0 qGrfqD;
nDvmcHwGif jrefrmEkdifiHESifhywf "Development in Myanmar: ESpfq,fzwfMum;cJhaMumif;od&Sd& ac:,l&efpdwf0ifpm;aeNyD; w&m; 0kvfAf 2-3 ADvm
oufNyD; pmwrf;av;apmifzwf Energy Security & investment" ygonf/ kf
0ifurf;vSr;f rIrsm;jyKvyxm;aMumif; J
pD;&D;atyGpOf(19)
Mum;cJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ dfH
acgif;pOfrsm;jzifh jrefrmEkii\pGr; f rJacgifa'opGr;f tifu@qkif d od&onf/Ek&ifbwftoif;onf
xkdif;EkdifiH? befaumuf? csL tifu@?vQyppfpr;f tm;tp&Sonf
f G d &mnDvmcHukd xki;Ekiitajcpkuf
f d f d f H d ½dk;rm; 5-1 pDqDem
qm;bD;,m;at;*sifh '&m*ef\ twÅvefwm 0-2 *sLAifwyf
Gf
vmavmifue;wuúovwif Zef dk f G rsm;ESifhywfoufí pmwrf;zwf Mekong Energy and Ecology tquftoG,fjzifh aZ,sma&Tajr bdkavmhem 0-0 yg;rm;
e0g&Dv 18? 19 &ufrsm;wGifjyK Mum;cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ Network(MEE Net), Mekong f
toif;xHurf;vSr;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD; tl'D;eD;pf 2-1 umwm;eD;,m;
vkyfcJhonfh rJacgifa'opGrf;tif tqkdygnDvmcHwGif rJacgif Studies Center,Institute of Asian f
,if;urf;vSr;rIukd vufccygu H hJ qDem 1-1 emydkvD
u@qkdif&m nDvmcHwGif ''Curr- a'oEkdifiHrsm;\pGrf;tif?vQyfppf Studies,Chulalongkorn Univer- f kd kd
ausmuuonf Ek&ifbwftoif; ygvmrdk 5-3 *sDEdktm
ent Power Sector Profile of pGrf;tm;? jyefjynfhNrJpGrf;tiftp&Sd sity, Finland Futures Research wGif yl;wGJavhusifhrIrsm;jyKvkyf& k
ajrtoif;ud\ajymif;a&GUaMu;tar xm;NyD; MFF ESifh aZ,sma&Tajr axmuftulay;Edkifatmif ap vufcsD 2-2 csDa,Adk
Myanmar"? '' Launch of China onfhu@rsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; rJ Center(FFRC), University of rnfjzpfumavhusifhpOfumvt &duefa':vmav;ode;rS ig;ode;
f f toif;wdYkuvnf;upm;orm;\ vTwfay;zdkYqE´&Sdygw,f/ avm EkdAm&m 0-3 atpDrDvef
Burma Project Unleashes Abuse acgifa'owGif;EkdifiHrsm;ESifh EkdifiH Turku wkdYu pkpnf;usif;ycJhjcif; wGif;av,mOfc?tpm;taomuf? kd
Mum;ay;acsrnfjzpfNyD;ausmfuukd wd;wufrtwGuf apvTway;&ef
k I f avmq,fawmh jrefrmEdkifiHabm uuf*vD,m&D 0-0 zDtdk&ifwD;em;
Across Burma"? "Rual Renew- wumrSynm&Sifrsm;? ADB rSy jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ taetxdkif? pm;&dwftm;vHk;udk taejzifh wpfvvsif a':vm qE´&SdaeaMumif; od&onf/ k H
vH;tzGYJ csKyfxwifjyxm;NyD; cGijhf yK
jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmeESifU ,Ofaus;rI0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;ausmfqef;u qk&&SdolwpfOD;tm; qkay;tyfpOf J
vmvD*gyGpOf(20)
tqdkygtoif;rSuscHay;rnfjzpf 4000 rS 5000 Mum;&&Sdrnfjzpf aZ,sma&T a jrtoif ; \ f
csuf&&ifawmhapvTway;oGm;rSm
ausmif;pmMunfhwkdufrsm;
d hf dS
zGUH NzdK;wk;wufa&;ESipmzwf&ejf r§ihf
ausmif;olrsm;ukd qkrsm;csD;jr§ifh
ay;tyf c J h o nf / xk d Y tjyif
wef;zkd;&Sd pmtkyfpmapmifrsm;?
r*¾Zif;*sme,frsm;ESifh Avmpm
trsKd;om;ukefpnfjyyGJESifUum;jyyGJ av;&ufMumusif;ycJU NyD; ajcpGr;ydi;udk BudKufEpouf
f k f S f aMumif;od&onf/ aZ,sma&Tajr taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; OD;oef; f
jzpfygw,f/olwYkd&UJ urf;vSr;rIukd
bufwpf 1-1 qDADvm
tufpyefndK 3-0 *&efem'g
ygu tNyD;owfpmcsKyfcsKyfqom; kd G toif;onf ,if;urf;vSrf;rIESifh aZmfu ]]uRefawmfwdkYtaeeJYu kd D
vufc?H rcHqwmZefe0g& v(31) a&qif; 1-2 *Dwmaz;
J k J
wifa&;yGawmfqay;yGtcrf;tem; AkdvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f txuf tkyfrsm; vSL'gef;cJhMuonf/ trsdK;om;ukefpnfjyyGJESifh 0,fa&mif;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh um; ypönf;jycef;rsm;tygt0iftjcm; rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ tNyD; ywfoufí jrefrmEdkifiHabmvHk; k
vnf; upm;orm;&JY wd;wufreYJ I &ufaemufqHk;xm;NyD; taMumif;
ukd Zefe0g&Dv 22 &ufaeYu Akvf d wef ; ausmif ; rsm;&S d ausmif ; ¤if;tcrf;tem;wGif usyef; um;jyyGJBuD;ukd &efukefNrdKU r&rf; qufpyfypön;ta&mif;qkirsm;rS
f d f taxGaxG vlo;ukeypön;jycef;
kH f f qdkqD'uf 0-4 tufovufwDudk
owfac:,ljzpfygu aZ,sma&T tzGJYcsKyf(MFF)xHw&m;0ifwifjy jrefrmhvufa&G;piftoif;udkt jyef&rSmyg}}[k ajymMum;cJhonf/ tdkqmqlem 1-1 AvifpD,m
waxmifNrdKUe,f&Sd t.x.u(6) pmMunfhwkdufrsm;twGuf jrefrm pum;ajymNydKifyGJwGif yxrqk&&Sd ukefNrdKUe,f&Sd jrefrmuGefAif;&Sif; um;jycef;aygif; 100 ausmfyg rsm; yg0ifa&mif;cscJhaMumif; od&
Akdvfwaxmifausmif;&Sd atmif
ausmf c ef ; rü usif ; yjyKvk y f c J h
EkiipmMunhwursm;azmifa';&Si;?
dfH
dfH
f dk f f
jrefrmEkiipmayESihf pme,fZif;tzGUJ ?
cJholESifh rlvwef;tqifhuAsm
&GwfqdkNydKifyGJwGif yxr&&SdcJholwdkY
pifwm(MCC)cef;rü 2012 ckEpf
Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeY Zefe0g&D
S hJ
0ifjyoa&mif;cscaMumif;od&onf/
trsKd;om;ukefpnfjyyGJrSm
onf/
tqkdyg um;jyyGJwGif *syef?
awmifudk&D;,m;rS tlvfqefwuúodkvfvufa&G;pifabmvHk;toif;jrefrmEdkifiHodkhvma&mufíajcprf;yGJrsm;upm;rnf A,fvm'dk;vpf 0-1 rma,mUum
rmvm*g 1-4 bmpDvdkem
aMumif; od&onf/ jyefMum;a&;ESifh jynfolYqufqH u jyefvnfo½kyfjywifqufcJh v 22 &ufaeUtxd usif;ycJh jycef;rsm;taeeJYtvufxa&mepf
D kD kf d´
ud&;,m;? xdi;? tdE,ESifh w½kwf awmifudk&D;,m;uvyfwpf pifabmvHk;toif;onfvmrnfh wuúovf vufa&G;piftoif;ESihf
kd tlvfqefwuúodkvftoif; jyifopfzvm; 32 oif;tqifh
tcrf;tem;wGif usyef;p a&;OD;pD;Xme? Eleven Media Group Muonf / xk d Y aemuf yG J a wmf aMumif; od&Sd&onf/ ypönf;jycef;rsm;? tdrf&mta&mif; EdiiwYkdrwifoi;aomum; trsK;
k f H S G f d f
oif;jzpfaomtlvqefwuúovf kd Zefe0g&Dv 31 &ufwGif &efukef ajcprf;upm;&eftwGuf b½lEdkif; onf jrefrmEdkifiHodkYvma&mufí qmb,fvf 0-4 PSG
um;ajymNydKifyGJ? txufwef;t rSEleven Exercises book 'gZif usif;yvmrItajctaersm;tm; tqkdyg trsKd;om;ukefpnf jycef;rsm;?qufo,a&;oH;ypön;
G f k f rsKd;ESihf puf,EÅ&m;trsKd;rsKd;? armf k
vufa&G;pifabmvH;toif;onf NrdKUodkYa&muf&SdvmrnfjzpfNyD; az bk&ifhzvm;0ifrnfh jrefrmvli,f ajcprf;yGJrsm; upm;avh&Sdonfh abmUyg&Gefeufpf 3-2 at,ufp,kd D
h H
qifpmpDpmuk;NydKify?JG tv,fwef; 150? pdwful;csKdcsKdpmaywkduf? AD'D,kdjzifhjyocJhNyD; ausmif;om; jyyGJwGif jynfwGif;ukrÜPDrsm;rS jycef;rsm;? tvSukefypönf;jycef; awmfqiu,frsm;? um;tvSqif
dk f k f H
jrefrmEdiioYkd vma&mufíajcprf; azmf0g&Dv 3 &uftxd aajcprf;yGJ toif;tm;t"dua&G;cs,xm;NyD;
f toif;wpfoif;jzpfNyD; aemufq; kH vDrdk*ufpf 0-2 ,ef;'Dtuf
tqifh pmpDpmukH; NydKifyGJESifh rlv ynma&TawmifpmtkyfwkdufESifh ausmif;olrsm;rS ]]Zmwdrmef}} oD jycef; 200 ausmfESihf armfawmf rsm;? uGefysLwmESifh qufpyf ypönf;rsm;eJYum;tykdypönf;rsm; yGJrsm;,SOfNydKifupm;&ef&SdaMumif; rsm;,SOfNydKifupm;&ef pDpOfxm; f
jrefrmae&Sie,fv*uvyftoif;
df vma&mufupm;xm;onfhESpfrSm kf
uGefydkifeD 0-1 vdivD
wef;tqifh uAsm&GwfqkdNyKdifyGJ tjcm; vSL'gef;olrsm;rS pkpkaygif; csif;jzifhtcrf;tem;ukd ydwfodrf; ,mOfwifoi;cGi&&SconfurPD
G f hf d hJ h k Ü ypönf;jycef;rsm;? ynma&;0ef ud k j yoa&mif ; cscJ h a Mumif ; od & od&onf/ kfH
aMumif;od&onf/jrefrmEdiiabm tcsKYduvnf;a&G;cs,xm;aMumif;
kd f 2010ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvtwGif; 'D,Gef 2-1 tpfx&ufpf
wGifqk&&SdcJhaom ausmif;om; aiGusyf 94 odef; 9 aomif;ausmf cJhaMumif; od&onf/ rsm;? vkyfief;&SifBuD;rsm;? um; aqmifrIjycef;rsm;? vHkjcHKa&;oHk; onf/ tlvfqefwuúodkvfvufa&G; vHk;tzGJYcsKyf(MFF)onftlvfqef od&onf/ ujzpf aMumif;od&onf/
eDatmU 1-2 atmfvef;pf
c&Daw;vf 2-2 abmf'dk;
rlbm&ufonf tD*spfor®wjzpfaeqJ[k a&SYaejzpfolavQmufvJ zifvefwGif or®wopfa&G;aumufyGJusif;y [m;rm;pfacgif;aqmif&mxl;rScgvufruf&Sm;vfEkwfxGufrnf atmfaZ; 1-2 csmaw;a&mUZf
ajymMum;cJhonf/ zifvefEkdifiH\ yxrqHk; od&onf/ruf&Sm;vfEkwfxGuf
D
uGA,fvD 1-0 tef*gpf
[m;rm;pf a cgif ; aqmif c g h
cJaMumif; [m; rm;pf0ufbquf f kd
t,fvf'donf NyD;cJhonhf trsKd;orD;or®wtjzpf 12 ESpf vufruf&m;vfonf ¤if;\&mxl;
S &SdaMunm csufwGif azmfjyxm; awmhrnfqonfaumvm[vrsm;
dk h A,fvefh 0-2 tDA,ef D
tywfuvnf;u rlbm&ufrSm Mumxrf;aqmifcaom wm*sm[m
hJ rSekwfxGufawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; onf/ xGufay:aeonfrSm&uftwef Edkufpf 0-0 &def;pf
tD*spfavwyftBuD;tuJtjzpf k S
vdeefrm oufwrf;ESpBf udrjf ynhchJf Zefe0g&Dv21&ufaeYuxkwfjyef EkwfxGuf&efqkH;jzwf&jcif; MumjyDjzpfaomfvnf;Zefe0g&Dv *gZDvuf 1-0 x½GdKif,ufpf
quf&Sdaeao;aomaMumihf ppf NyDjzpfaomaMumifh zifvefEdkifiH cJhonfh[m;rm;pftzGJU\aMunm rSm udk,fa&;udk,fwmtaMumif; 21&ufaeYurSw&m;0ifajymMum; G
vluef 0-2 vdi,ef kf G
cHk½Hk;wGifom ppfaq;oihfaMumif; om;rsm;onfZefe0g&Dv 22 &uf f k G f
csuwpfcwiazmfjycJonf/ h rsm;aMumifhjzpfaMumif;odkYaomf G f
csufxuay:cJjh cif;jzpfonf/ vd*csefy,&pypOf(27)
f D H S f JG
avQmufvJcJhao;onf/ aeYwGif or®wopfudka&G;cs,f&ef cgvufruf&m;vfonf ¤if;
S vnf;jynforsm;twGutvkyquf
l f f 2004ckESpfutpöa&;\av bmrif*rf 3-0 0ufz'f hkd
w&m;vdkbufrS a&SYaersm; rJay;cJhMuaMumif;od&onf/ h
taejzif[m;rm;pftzGUJ \OuúX&m f G
vkyom;rnfjzpfaMumif;ruf&m;vf S aMumif;wducuraMumifxpOfu
k f kd f I h kd bvufyl;vf 2-1 c&pöw,fyavUpf J
url ,if; avQmufvJcsufudk [,fveiftay:axmufcrI
kd H xl;twGuf0ifa&muf,SOfjydKif&ef uaumifpoYkdajymMum;cJonf/
D h [m;rm;pfacgif;aqmiftufb'Jvf um'pfzf 3-2 ydkhpfarmuf
uefYuGufcJhMuNyD; rlbm&ufonf tm;aumif;cJhMujcif;ESihftwl ol qE´ r &S d a wmh a Mumif ; ½S L &m qk;jzwfcsuujkd yefvnf pOf;
H f tZpft,fv&efwpfqaoqk;jyD;
f D H udkAifx&D 3-1 rpf',fba&mU
'kwd,or®wudk tmPmvTJcJhNyD; tem;,lNyD;onhfaemufrnfolYudk aumifp[k ac:qdonf[m;rm;pf
D k h S kd
pm;&efruf&m;vfu[m;rm;pfacgif; aemufruf&Sm;vfu¤if;\ ae&m vd'fpf 3-1 tpf0pfcsf
uwnf;u or®wr[kwfawmh a&G;&rnfqdkjcif;rSm EdkifiHom;rsm; \OD ; aqmif tzG J U od k Y t od a y; aqmifyi;f uwduwe;f xm;aMumif;
kd k f G k
udqufcconf/ Ref:CNN
H hJ &D;'if; 0-1 [l;vfpD;wD;
Zefe0g&Dv 22 &ufaeYu rlbm&ufudk trIppf&efbD;wyfukwif jcif;jzpfaMumif;jyefvnfavQmuf twGuf 0d0g'uGJp&mjzpfaecJhNyD; Zefe0g&Dv 22 &ufaeYu tufpfyl;&Sd rJ½Hkwpf½kHwGif rJay;aeMupOf 0ufpf[rf; 2-1 aemfwif[rf
jzihfac:aqmifvmpOf vJcJhMuonf/ a&G;aumufyrmwpfausmwnf;ESifh
JG S h ½dua&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;jzpf
k f 0ef,l&ovkd ppfaoemywdcsKyf DD kS
avmif;aqmfveepfpwdrm a&yef; Oa&myor*¾okdY 0if&efoihf? roifh c½dkat;&Sm;wGif jynfolYqE´cH,lyGJusif;y 2012 MNL yGJpOf(2)
tD*spfor®wa[mif; [dkYpeD wGif trIMum;emppfaq;aepOf S fh JG
rlbm&ufEitwlpcsuf wif f J
yiftajzxGu&efcufcaMumif;avh NyD;oufwrf;wpfBudrvQiajcmuf f f vnf;jzpfonf/okdY&mwGifrMum tpm;qH k ; jzpf a eNyD ; a*;jzpf KBZ 1-0 &efuef k
k
rlbm&onf &mxl;rSw&m;0ifEwf avQmufvJcJhonf/ cH & aom jynf x J a &;0ef B uD ; vmolrsm;uoHk;oyfMuonf/ ESpfMumjrifhonf/or®wavmif; ao;rD u tajymif ; tvJ v k y f c J h aMumif;w&m;0ifaMunmxm;onhf tzGJY0if 27 EkdifiH&Sd Oa&my MuHKaeaom Oa&myor*¾okdY 0if wkionfvnf; b@ma&;tusyf
d f [Hom0wD 2-1 &u©y& l
f hJ
xGuc&jcif;r&SaomaMumihf vuf
d ]]ol(rlbm&uf)u w&m; a[mif; udk 23 &ufaeYwGifquf ,cka&G;aumufyGJwGif rJay; D
wpfO;rS rJxuf0ufausmr&ygu f aomaMumifhor®w\vkyfydkifcGihf f
jrpdr;a&mifor*¾rS yufumAmApf or*¾odkY0ifa&muf&efoihf roihf a&muf&ef 56 &mckdifEIef;rS 60 &m twnf;udk&ifqdkifae&NyD;tvkyf aZ,sma&Tajr 1-0 {&m0wD
&Sdtcsdeftxd tD*spfor®wjzpfae 0ifvufrSwfwpfpHkwpf&mrxdk;bJ vufMum;emppfaq;rnfjzpfonf/ cGihf&Sdonhf zifvefEkdifiHom; 4 rJ t rsm;qH k ; &ol E S p f O D ; 'k w d , tmPmavsmhuscJhNyD;tpdk;&tzGJY pwdkESihft"du,SOfNydKif&rnfjzpf k
vlxqE´c,yukd Zefe0g&Dv 22
H l JG ckdifEIef;cefYu vdkvm;MuaMumif; vufrJh 17 &mcdkifEIef;rQ&dSae&m aejynfawmf 3-0 ZGuyif J
qJyifjzpfNyD; ppfaq;rnfqdkygu tJ'Dwkef;u 'kor®wtdkrmqlav rlbm&ufonf tusifhysuf 'or 4 oef;eD;yg;&SNd yD;0ifa&muf tausmhxyfNydKif&rnfjzpfonf/ ESihf ygvDrefwGiftmPmydk&SdvmcJh onf/,l½dkaiGaMu;oHk;pGJrIudkrvdk &ufaeYu c½dkat;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif d f D
rJay;rIrwkirppfwrf;aumuf ,l tzGJYtwGif;0ifa&mufjcif;jzihf pD; Southern 0-4 raemajr
txl;cHk½Hk;jzifhom ppfaq;&rnf refukd vTay;cJwmyg/'g[mtajc
J h cspm;rI?qE´jyolrsm;udkypfcwf ,SOfNydKifonhf or®wavmif;&Spf zifvefor®wonf EdkifiH\ onf/ vm;aom True Finns rS wDrqKdG if
kd usif;ycJhaMumif;od&onf/ rIrsm;uazmfjyonf/ yG m ;a&;ES i h f t vk y f t ud k i f t cG i h f [Hom0wD 1-1 csif;
jzpfaMumif; rlbm&uf\ a&SYae cHOya't&w&m;r0ifygbl;}}[k owfjzwf&eftrdefYay;rIrsm;jzihf OD;&Sdonf[k od&onf/ EdkifiHjcm;a&;rl0g'qdkif&mtBuD; or® w a&G ; aumuf y G J w G i f eDudkvnf;apmihfMunhf&rnfjzpf tzGJY0ifEkdifiHrsm;\a
jzpfolu Zefe0g&Dv 22 &ufaeY a&SYaejzpfol zm&pft,fvf'd u J f H
pGcsuwifcxm;&onf/Ref:CNN zifvefwif or®wudk wduf
G k tuJtjzpftpd;&tzGYJEitwl wm
k S fh trsK;om;nGeYfaygif;ygwDror®w
d S onf/ Ref;CNN tusyftwnf;aMumifh tcuf EkdifiHjzpfaom c½dkat;&Sm;udk,f arQmfvihfxm;Muonf/ Ref;AP rauG; 0-0 &u©y& l
Zefe0g&D 23 (wevFmaeh) Zefe0g&D 24 (t*Fgaeh) Zefe0g&D 25 (Ak'¨[l;aeY) Zefe0g&D 26 (Mumoyaw;aeh) Zefe0g&D 27 (aomMumaeh) Zefe0g&D 28 (paeaeh) Zefe0g&D 29 (we*FaEGaeh)
w½kwf - ta½SYtm&SEdkifiHrsm;wGif ESpfopful;yGJawmfusif;yrnf/ b,fvf*sD,H - Oa&my b@ma&;0efBuD;rsm; tpnf;a0;usif;yrnf/ k l
tD*spf - or®w [dpeDrbm&ufukd jzKwcsconfh tH
f hJ hJ umZufpwef - EdkifiHwumqdkif&m tmumopcef;twGuf taxmuf MopaMw;vs - e,l;ZDvef 0efBuD;csKyf *RefuD; oGm;a&mufrnf/ usL;bm; - usL;bm;uGefjrLepfygwD wnfaxmifcJhonfh 1965 tDoD½dk;yD;,m; - tmz&duor*¾ xdyfoD;aqG;aEG;yGJ usif;yrnf/
WHAT'S b,fvf*sD,H - Oa&my b@ma&;ESifh pdkufysdK;a&;0efBuD;rsm; ygupöwef - ppfwyftmPmxdef;csKyf&eftwGuf tar&duefxHrS wpfESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwftwGuf vlxkpka0;rI jyKvkyf&ef hH
axmufyay;rnfh tmumo,mOfwpfpif;udk vTwwifom;rnf/
f G f f
tDwvD - touf 17 ESpt&G,tur,fwpfO;D ESihf vdiqufqjH cif; f ckESpfaemufydkif; EdkifiHrl0g'udk acwfESifhtnDjyKjyifrGrf;rH &ef&nf tD*spf - txufvTwfawmftwGuf yxrtqifh qE´rJay;rIrsm;
AHEAD tpnf;ta0;usif;yrnf/ tultnDawmif;cHcJhonfh tjiif;yGm;zG,f rSwfwrf;wpfckESifh pDpOfxm;onf/ uGef*dk - Edk0ifbm 28 &ufaeYu usif;ycJhonfh tjiif;yGm;zG,f ESifh tqdkygrdef;uav;udk tultnDay;&eftwGuf tmPm &G,fNyD; ygwD\ yxrtBudrfnDvmcHudk usif;yoGm;rnf/ jyKvkyfrnf/
½dkar;eD;,m; - 0efBuD;csKyfa[mif; Adrian Nastase jcpm;rIudk ywfoufNyD; w&m;a&;aumfr&Sifwpfcku Mum;emppfaq;rnf/ qGpfZmvef - urÇmh pD;yGm;a&;zdk&rf usif;yrnf/ a&G;aumufyGJ&vm'frsm;udk xkwfjyefaMunm&ef a&TYqdkif;xm; tvGJoHk;pm;jyKjcif; ponfh pGyfpGJcsufrsm;jzifh 0efBuD;csKyfa[mif; tD*spf - ygvufpwdkif;udpöESifh ywfoufNyD; tm&yftzGJYcsKyf tpnf;
pD&ifcsufcsrSwfrnf/ tar&duef - tar&duefor®w tdkbm;rm; rdefhcGef;ajymMum;rnf/ onf/ bmvlpudkeDudk ½Hk;wifppfaq;rnf/ a0;usif;yrnf/
f Gfdf
ta&;ygaom awmifum½dkvdkif;em;tBudKa&G;aumufyGJwGif e,lwef*if;*&pfcsftEkdif& e*g;ESpwipeac:rBI u;D rsm;
ta&;ygaom awmifum½dk S
ESifh &ifqdkif&zG,f&daMumif;
vdkif;em;jynfe,f &DywfbvDuef
or®wavmif;tBudKa&G;aumufyGJ f f
w&kw0efBu;D csKyajymMum;
wG i f atmuf v T w f a wmf O uú | w½kwf0efBuD;csKyf 0rfusm;
a[mif; e,lwef*if;*&pfcsfu tHh aygifu Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYu
tm;oihfzG,f tEkdif&oGm;cJhaMumif; jyKvkyfcJhaom tpnf;ta0;wpfck
od&onf/ ü]]w½kwfwdkY\&moDwpfq,hfESpfck
Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYwGif teufta&;BuD;qHk;ESifh tav;
usif;yonfh tBudKa&G;aumufyGJ teuftxm;qHk;e*g;ESpfwGif pdef
wGif a&yef;pm;aeonhf rufqm kd f
ac:rIBuD;rsm;udk &ifqi&vdrrnf}} hf
csK;qufjynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; h
[k ajymMum;cJygonf/
a[mif; rpf&Grfaeudk *if;*&pfcsf u 0efMuD;csLyf0rfonf EdkifiH\
tjywftowftom&cJhjcif;jzpf pD;yGm;a&;tm; csrf;om
onf/ f kd
rQjcif;jzihw;wufap&rnf[vnf; k
2012 tar&duefor®w a&G; uwday;xm;onf/ 0ef BuD;csKyf
aumufyGJ wGif 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYu e,lwef*if;*&pfcsfESihf ZeD;jzpfol u,fvpöwm *if;*&pfcsfwdkY atmifyGJcHaeMupOf
0rfu ,cktcsdefü EdkifiHwumpD;
bufrS vuf&Sdor®w bm&uftdk EI e f ; ? txuf v T w f a wmf t rwf
f
yGm;a&;onf &IyaxG;wif;usyf aom
bm;rm;ESihf ,SOfNydKifrnfh &Dywf a[mif; &pfqefwdk&rfu 17 &m
tajctaejzpí w½kwfwdkYonf
bvDuef or®wavmif;udk a&G; ckdifEIef;? wuúqufatmufvTwf
q,fh ESpf B udrfajrmufi g;ESpfwm
cs,f&ef tBudKa&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk awmftrwf &Gefaygvfu 13 &mcdkif
pDrHudef;wGif aumif;aompwif
jynfe,ftoD;oD;wGif usif;yae EIef;&&SdcJhonf[k rJ½HktxGufppf
rIjzifhpwif&efvdkaMumif; ajymMum;
jcif;jzpfNyD; awmifum½dkvdkif;em;rSm wrf ; aumuf , l r I r sm;u azmf j y
cJhonf/
wwd,ajrmufjynfe,fjzpfonf/ onf/
or® w [l u sif a wmif o nf
usif;ycJhaom tdkiftdk0gESihf *if;*&pfcsfonf awmifum½dk
ygwDacgif;aqmif'kwd,oufwrf;
e,l;[rf½dIif;,m;tBudKa&G;aumuf vdkif;em;wGif jyKvkyfcJhaom or®w
S f G f k f kH
,ckEpwiueq;rnfjzpfNyD; quf
yGJrsm;wGif pwkw¦ae&müom&yf avmif;rsm;\pum;ppfxdk;yGJESpfck
cHolwpfOD;udk vTJay;&rnfjzpfum
wnfcJhaom *if;*&pfcsfonf NydKif wGif ododomom tom&cJhaom
&pfqefw&rfkd rpf&rae
Gf 'kwd,or®w &SDusifyif;u quf
yGJrS xGuf&awmhrnf[k avhvm aMumifh ½kwfcsnf;axmufcHrIjrihf
cHzG,f&Sdaeonf/ ygwDacgif;aqmif
oltrsm;pkurSwf,lxm;cJhMuaomf oGm;um tEkdif&oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ &Grfae?awmifum½dkvdkif;em;wGif onf/rpf&Grfae\ ododomom
h l
opfjzpfvmrnfoonf[\or®w l
vnf; wpfausmhjyefvmEkdifcJhjcif; &DywfbvDuefygwDordkif; *if;*&pfcsf) tEkdif&jcif;rSm yxr OD;aqmif aerIudkacszsufEkdifcJhjcif;
ae&mudkvnf; 2013 ckESpf rwfv
jzpfonf/ wpfavQmufwGif tapmqHk;tBudK qHk;tBudrfjzpfonf/1980 jynhf vnf ; jzpf o nf / pwk w ¦ j ynf e ,f
wGif vTJ,l&rnfjzpfum 0rfusm;
rJ 95 &mcdkifEIef;a&wGufNyD; a&G;aumufyGJoHk;ckü rwlnDaom ESpaemufyi;wGif awmifum½dvi; tjzpf zavmf &D'gwGif Zefe0g&Dv
f kd f k kd f
aygifOD;aqmifaomtpdk;&tzGJYonf
csdefwGif *if;*&pfcsfu rJ 40 &m or®wavmif;oHk;OD; (tdkiftdk0gwGif em;wGif Ekdifaomolonf &Dywf 31 &ufaeYütBudKa&G;aumuf yGJ
vnf; &mxl;rStem;,lMurnfjzpf
cdkifEIef;&cJhNyD; &Grfaeu 27 &mcdkif qefwdk&rf?e,l;[rf½dIif;,m;wGif bvDuefor®wavmif;jzpfavh&Sd usif;yrnfjzpfonf/ Ref;CNN
onf/ Ref;AFP
tD*spfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGiftpövmrpfrsm; f J kd H
or®wqmvuf[w&m;pGqc&jcif;rS
kf d
tEdi&&SaMumif;aemufq;Hk &v'frsm;utwnfjyK uif;vGwfcGifUjyKonfU Oya' ,DrifygvDreftwnfjyK
tD*spf\ordkif;0if tpövm tm;vkH;ygvDrefü ta&;ygaom or®wqmvuf[ftm;w&m;
rpfEdkifiHa&;ygwDonf awmfvSef tcef;u@wGif&SdrnfjzpfaMumif; pGJqdkcH&jcif;rS vkH;0uif;vGwfrIudk
a&;vGefumv yxrqkH;ygvDref Freedom and Justice Party u h
aocsmaponftjiif;yGm;zG,Oya' f
wGif tjywftowfomvGefaom h
ajymMum;cJonf/ tajccHOya'opf wpf&yftm;,DrifygvDrefu Zefe
yrmPjzifh trwfae&mtrsm;qkH; J k
a&;qG&eftzGUJ wpfzUJG udygvDrefucefY 0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYutwnfjyKay;
udk&&SdcJhaMumif; aemufqkH;&v'f tyf&rnfjzpfonf/ cJhonf/
rsm;u Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYwGif Freedom and Justice Party qmvuf[fu ¤if;\vuf
twnfjyKcJh&m tajccHOya'opf rS t wG i f ; a&;rS L ;csKyf rd k [ mruf axmufrsm;udk ta&;,lcH&jcif;rS
wpfck\rlMurf;udk a&;qGJ&mwGif qmtufumwwfeDonf ygvDref wpfpdwfwpfydkif; tumtuG,fay;
f k k f h
vTr;rd;Edionfu@rSyg0ifEiawmh kd f Ouú|&mxl;u&,l&ef ygwD&mxl;rS f d
&eftwGuwusaomtajymif;tvJ
rnfjzpfonf/ EkwfxGufcJh onf/ rsm;jyKvkyf&ef awmif;qdkaeojzifh Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaehu qmvuf[fudk w&m;pGJqdkrIuif;vGwfcGifUjyKonfU
Muslim Brotherhood \ EdkifiH\tmPm&AdkvfcsKyfMuD; Oya'twnfjyKa&;rSm oDwif;ywf Oya'twnfjyKa&; vTwfawmfwGif vufaxmifrJcGJqHk;jzwfaepOf
Freedom and Justice Party onf rsm;utajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;vkyf rsm;pGmaESmifhaES;cJhonf/ ,Drif jyefMum;a&;0efBuD; tvD tmPmvTJajymif;a&; oabmwlnD
atmufvTwfawmfwGiftrwfOD;a& ief;pOfwGif vTrf;rdk;vdkonfhqE´&Sd J kd H
w&m;pGqc&jcif;rS uif;vGwf t,fvftrfr&meDu ajymMum;cJh csufwGift"duusonfhtcsufwpf
47&mcdkifEIef;&&SdcJhNyD;jyif;xefonfh f f
aMumif; &Si;&Si;vif;vif;ajymMum; cGifhjyKonfhtwGuf tjyeftvSef onf/ azazmf0g&Dv 21 &ufaeY ckjzpfonf/
uG e f q maA;wpf Salafist Nour xm;aomfvnf; Oya'jya&;tmPm taejzifh EdkifiHudk 33 ESpfausmftkyf k f H kd
wGif Ediiuor®wopfwpfO;u OD; D tmPmvTJajymif;a&;oabm
Party utrwfae&m 25 &mcdiEe; k f I f udktjynfht0&&Sdvdrfhrnf[k arQmf csKyfcJhaomqmvuf[fonf vm k
aqmifawmhrnf[vnf;¤if;uajym wlnDcsufudk ,Drif&SdtwdkuftcHyg
&&SdcJhonf/ Muslim Brotherhood vifhaMumif; ygvDreftrwfrsm;u rnfhvwGif &mxll;rSqif;ay;&rnf Mum;cJhonf/ Oya'twnfjyKcJh wDrsm;uvufcHMudKqdkcJhaomfvnf;
onfor®wa[mif;rlbm&uf vuf ajymMum;cJhonf/ jzpfonf/ onftjyif'w,or®wtufb'l&m vli,fqE´jyolrsm;ESifh EdkifiHwum
h k d
xufu ydwfyifcHcJh&aomfvnf; tD * spf o nf ½ I y f a xG ; onf h r J qmvuf[ftm; w&m;pGJqdk hf
bl[m'Dtm;or®w&mxl;twGuf tcGita&;tkyprsm;urlEiiwum f k kd f H
vGefcJhonfhESpfujzpfay:cJhonfhvl ay;rIpepfudkusifhokH;cJhjyD; rJqE´&Sif jcif;rS uif;vGwfcGifhjyKonfhOya' trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;jcif;udk Oya'udkcsKd;azmufjcif;jzpfaMumif;
kd f k f
xkt
k f H f H vnf; ygvDrefuvufcHcJhonf/ ajymMum;vsuf&Sdonf/ Zefe0g&Dv
a&;rsufESmpmwGif t"duusaom cefYtwGif;tqifhokH;qifhcGJírJay; cs,frIjzpfjyD; ,cktcgjynfolrsm; w&m;pGJqdkrI uif;vGwfcGifhjyK 21&ufaeYujynfe,f 13 ckwiqE´ G f
k
tiftm;pkBuD;wpfctjzpf xGuay: f cJh&onf[kod&onf/ taejzifh ajymif;vJrIESifhzGHUjzdK;wdk; onfhOya'onf yifv,fauGUyl; jyrIrsm;jzpfyGm;cJhonf/
vmcJhonf/ EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf; Ref:Washington Post I kd h kd
wufruarQmMf unfEijf yDjzpfaMumif; aygif ; aqmif & G u f a &;aumif p D \ Ref:CNN