Elections (Election) is the embodiment of popular sovereignty and the
reflection of a democratic system within the frame of the Unitary
Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and 1945 Constitution. Running
the election mechanism and role of political circulation in a democracy,
where the output of the election is a leader who truly desired by the
people who will sit in the House of Representatives, Parliament and the
President and Vice President. In other words, election is a step of a
democratic process.
In the history of Democracy in Indonesia until now has been accomplished
10 (ten) times the election. First elections held in Indonesia in 1955,
in shades of parliamentary democracy to elect members of Parliament and
the Constituent Assembly. In subsequent developments, elections in
Indonesia is strongly influenced by the political dynamics that occur.
Election 1971 as the second election, the first election in the
Presidential system of Government to select the people's representatives
in the legislature, followed by 10 (ten) political party and one (1)
Functional Group. Turbulent political situation in the era between the
1960s until the 1970s the government to issue policy underlying the Act -
Act No. 3 of 1975 on Political Parties and Golkar through the mechanism
of fusion (merger) of political parties to strengthen the unity and
integrity, as well as create national stability in the order to
accelerate the implementation of national development. With the
incorporation of the above then in the 1977 elections to choose
representatives in the legislature, followed by 3 (three) participating
in the Elections, ie 2 (two) political party which is a fusion of several
political parties that have the same understanding of ideology, and one
group the work. This system continued in the period 1982 General
Elections, 1987, 1992 and 1997 elections.
Conditions of democracy and political life during the New Order era
finally reached its peak in 1998 which gave birth to the reform movement
demanding the opening of political channels as possible for all citizens,
so that by the year 1999 held elections to choose representatives in the
legislature through a multi-party system , followed by 48 (forty eight)
political party.
During the maturation process of democratic reforms have been significant
developments in the 2004 elections where the people of Indonesia are not
only carry out the elections to elect representatives of the people, but
also to elect the President and Vice President directly. In addition to
the elections for the DPR, Provincial DPRD and Regency / City is also
experiencing growth by starting to use a proportional system with open
lists of candidates by electoral district (dapil).
In 2004, held elections to choose members of the DPR, Provincial DPRD and
Regency / City followed by 24 (twenty four) parties participating in the
Election, and members of the DPD which is representative of the area, and
elections to elect a president and vice president. As a consequence of
the number of political parties contesting the 2004 election with
proportional representation system is open, so that ballots used in
previous elections, because it must contain the serial number and logo of
a political party for member of parliament and the parliament of 24
(twenty four) political parties and serial number and photos to name
candidates for the DPD.
Implementation and Vice Presidential Election of 2004 held two rounds of
elections. In the first round there are no couples who get 50% + 1 votes
so held Presidential and Vice Presidential second round followed by two
pairs of candidates for President and Vice President. The development of
democracy is not just happening in the national sphere, but also occur at
the local level within the framework of regional autonomy, where the
people entitled to vote directly for the Head and Deputy Head of terrain.
Like the 2004 election, Election 2009 was also held to elect members of
the DPR, Provincial DPRD and Regency / City (followed by 38 parties
participating in the election and six local parties specifically for NAD
Province) as well as members of the DPD which is representative of the
area. While the election to elect the President and Vice President
followed by 3 (three) pairs of candidates for President and Vice
President. But the difference between the 2004 elections with Election
2009 is in the way penetepan selected candidate, where the 2009 election
used a proportional system with open lists of candidates by a majority
vote, this system is a modification of the system used in legislative
elections in 2004 which uses a proportional system with a list open
prospective candidates based on sequence number. Therefore the ballot for
the 2009 legislative elections also are large because each ballot shall
contain the serial number, and signs of the political parties, the name
and serial number of candidate members of DPR and DPRD of 38 (thirty
eight) political parties, as well as order number, name DPD and photos.
The above conditions affect the level of difficulty of printing the
ballots, because the availability of a suitable printing machine ballot
measure is very limited.
Here's a little flashback about the elections in Indonesia and I will
reconnect the text next time. Hail Democracy.