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Environment and Alternative Energy Trends in the Gulf: MASDAR Case
THE FIRST ANNUAL WANA FORUM 19 – 20 April 2009 Kempinski Hotel, Amman-Jordan
Mohamed A. Raouf Program Manager, Environment Research Gulf Research Center, Dubai
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Outline
Environmental
Status and Challenges Ecological Footprint Renewable Energy in GCC Countries MASDAR Initiative MASDAR City Advantages and disadvantages
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Ecological Creditors and Debtors
Ecological Reserve > 50% of biocapacity
< 50% of biocapacity
Ecological Footprint Network
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Ecological Deficit < 50% of biocapacity
> 50% of biocapacity
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Insufficient data
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Environmental Challenges
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Current Environmental Status
WWF and the Global Footprint Network released Living Planet Report 2006 and 2008 - the UAE has the largest footprint in the world. The total Ecological Footprint for UAE was 11.9 global ha/person. Kuwait and KSA also have very large footprints – 7.6 and 4.6 global ha/person respectively. World average footprint is 1.8 global ha/person. The GCC countries represent a unique case of development, where oil and gas revenues have enabled an exceptional, accelerated development process in all aspects of life.
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Dubai Coast
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CDM projects in 2008 Worldwide
Source: UNFCCC
CDM projects in greater Mena expected to increase dramatically!
Location of registered projects
India: 31%
China: 22% Brazil: 13% Mexico: 9%
MENA: 11 registered CDM project
Egypt : 4 Morocco: 4 Tunisia: 2 Qatar: 1
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Other: 23%
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Renewable Energy in GCC Countries
Every GCC country faces a gas shortage now (except Qatar). Power stations had to switch to more expensive fuel oil in the summer months when electricity demand is up to 40 percent higher due to the rising need for air conditioning, growing populations and economies.
Oil is in good demand and yields higher profits as an export item than being fired in gas strapped power plants
Therefore, the GCC countries now envisage nuclear energy and renewable energies as additions to their energy mix.
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Renewable Energy in GCC Countries
Pilot projects in Saudi Arabia in the 1980s and 1990s
Solar Energy Atlas for Saudi Arabia in 1983 two major international agreements to promote solar energy: one with the US (“Solar Energy Research American-Saudi”/SOLERAS) and the second with Germany (“Hydrogen from Solar Energy”/ HYSOLAR). In Oman, the Authority for Electricity Regulation has outlined a road map for the development of renewable energy resources in a landmark study. Oman, like Bahrain, also has some experience with solar powered reverse osmosis units for desalination and photovoltaic systems or wind power for water pumping and electricity generation. The Kuwait Petroleum Company (KPC) has earmarked $100 million for new energy technologies in 2004.
German GTZ has constructed a pilot wind generator on Sir Bani Yas island near Abu Dhabi,
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Masdar Overview
Abu Dhabi Government backed US$22 billion initiative to develop global leadership in clean technology, sustainable technology and low carbon solutions globally
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MASDAR Initiative
• Completely owned subsidiary of the Mubadala Development Company, a leading business development and investment company in Abu Dhabi.
• Driven by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company. • Vision:
– MASDAR City – MASDAR Institute: research driven graduate level institute. – Carbon Management: focusing on emission reduction technologies particularly CO2 CCS. – Utilities and Asset Management: investment in renewable energy and sustainability companies. – Industries: establish Global, large-scale production asset.
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Masdar’s Mission
Mission
To make Abu Dhabi An international hub For alternative energy
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To create an entirely new economic sector in Abu Dhabi to lead this industry
To be a catalyst for change on a global scale
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Masdar Vision
The world first, carbon neutral and Zero waste city
Masdar City
Invest in and develops large-scale renewable energy projects
Industries
Masdar Institute
Masdar Vision
Graduate level, research-driven institution focused on advanced energy & sustainable technology
Invest in renewable energy, assets and technology, and utility scale renewable energy projects
Utilities & Asset Mgmt
Carbon Mgmt
Specializes in green house gas emission reduction projects
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What is Masdar?
• Initiated in 2006 • Take around eight years to build • A power plant that will use solar energy to produce enough electricity to power the institute and the planned Masdar headquarters will be completed in September 2009. • Take around eight years to build, The entire project is scheduled to be complete in 2016
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What is Masdar?
• Masdar is a planned city in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates • Designed by the British architectural firm Foster and Partners • The city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a sustainable, zerocarbon, zero-waste ecology • Will be home to 50,000people and 1,500 businesses.
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MASDAR City is Unique in
• Renewable Energy
• Building Design. • Innovative Transporta -tion System.
• Recycling Waste to Energy.
• MASDAR Institute.
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Energy, Waste, and Water
• Sources of Energy:
– – – – 26% Concentrated Solar Power. 14% Evacuated Thermal Tube Collector. 7% Waste to Energy. 53% Photovoltaic.
• Waste Management:
– 60% Materials Recycled. – 30% Waste to Energy – 10% Composting.
• Water Strategy:
– Reduce Consumption. – Recycle 90% of Grey Water. – Reduce Water Leakage to 3%.
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Success Elements
Infrastructure
4 1
People
Technology
3
2
Financing
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MASDAR City Criticism
• • • • • • • • • • The city will be only symbolic for Abu Dhabi. It may become just a luxury development for the wealthy. Not enough energy to power itself at night. Import gas-fired power from Abu Dhabi’s grid. The city will not allow any energy-intensive industries within its boundaries. Masdar will do little to improve Abu Dhabi’s carbon footprint. Next to Masdar city, a Formula One racetrack and a Ferrarithemed amusement park are being built. Mubadala is building the world’s biggest aluminum smelter just a few miles up the road, complete with its own gas-fired power plant. A nearby mall is even planning to install an indoor ski slope. Some critics call Masdar a "greenwash" project aimed at improving Abu Dhabi's image rather than combating carbon emissions. Masdar's main contribution from the role it might play in developing cleaner technologies for the future.
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Thank You…
raouf@grc.ae Gulf Research Center P.O. Box 80758, Dubai United Arab Emirates www.grc.ae Tel: +971 4 3247770 Fax: +971 4 3247771
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