Europe
Comenius Project 2005/06
Lucia Massi
The post war period:
to the1960s
2nd World War
Europe
Bombardment
Military Grave Millions of
operations economic dead
damage
inflation
Serious balance Unemployment
of payment
deficits
Plan of intervention in favour of
the rebirth of Europe
Harry Truman & George Marshall
President of
U.S.A.
America wanted to
Project (directed) counteract Soviet
expansionism
“not against any country or doctrine
but against hunger, poverty,
desperation and chaos”
The birth of the EOEC and
the ECSC
2 important steps:
European Organisation European Coal and
for Economic Steel Community
Cooperation
ECSC
EOEC
16 western European In 1952
states
So…
Elimination of
Import and Subsidies to Other
export industries measures
duties of support
in individual
countries
The birth of the EEC and
EURATOM
Rome:1957
EEC EURATOM
European European Atomic
Economic Energy
Community Community
The EEC
3 Targets
Elimination of Development Creation of
customs of a common a common
barriers system of agricultural
customs policy
duties
The birth of the European
Community: 1967
EEC ECSC EURATOM
Joined together as
EC (European Community)
1.to improve living and working conditions;
2.to reduce economic disparity between regions ;
3.to help underdeveloped countries;
4.to maintain peace and freedom;
The „60s and the ‟70s: development
of the European Community
Political Crises Economic
1973
Resolved with the
widening of EEC
Denmark Ireland United Kingdom
Economic and population growth
Helsinki Conference:1973
Helsinki Conference
Helped to bring together Eastern
and Western Europe in a common
struggle to develop civil liberties
and rights.
1979 & 1981
1979
The European The EMS: The
Parliament was for European
the first time Monetary System
elected directly by
the citizens
Ecu:an ideal
currency to control
oscillation in
continental
1981 Greece joined currencies
the EEC.
The UEA 1986
Luxemburg:1986
9 member states signed the
unique European Act
Revision of the treaty of
Rome
Objectives Social policy
Environmental protection
Technological research
Reduction of gaps between the various
regions
The Maastricht Treaty
Signed on 7th February 1992
by 12 countries
Coming into force in November 1993
Economic, political and
cultural integration
The Maastricht Treaty launched the EU towards
a form of collective cooperation which had no
historical precedent
Main objectives of the Maastricht
Treaty
1. The promotion of balanced economic and
social development through the creation of “ a
space without internal frontiers”;
2. The reinforcement of economic and social cohesion;
3. Economic and monetary union based on the free
circulation of capitals, goods, people and above all the
institution of a single European currency;
4. A common foreign and security policy in terms of a
common defence policy;
5. The institution of a Community citizenship
with the aim of reinforcing the observance of
rights and cooperation in the field of justice.
The Treaty of Amsterdam: 1997
Amsterdam: 1997
Signed by the fifteen member states
Came into force in 1999
To integrate the decisions of the
Schengen agreement with
relation to free circulation
Objectives
To strengthen judicial cooperation in
crimes against children, corruption and
terrorism
The Treaty of Nice: 2000
Nice: 2000
The institutional The first “paper of
bodies of the EU‟s fundamental rights
member countries within the Union”
were reorganised was agreed on
The Europe of 25
2003
Estonia
Union of
Lithuania
25 states
Latvia
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Ceremony
Hungary
in Dublin
Slovenia
2004
Cyprus
Malta
The ECB and the Euro
1998: Frankfurt
European Central Bank ECB
1999 EMU officially
came into being
12 countries
Eurolandia: new economic zone
Countries in EUROLANDIA
Spain Austria
Belgium
Portugal Finland
Netherlands France
Luxemburg Germany
Italy Ireland
The European Constitution
Europe Home of freedom
European Constitution
Civil, political,
One economic and
single social rights of
text EUROPEAN
CITIZENS
Human values
The standards for the European Constitution respect
and guarantee inalienable human values that are
deeply rooted in European soil:
Dignity
Equality
Solidarity
Citizenship
Justice
Liberty “EVERY PERSON HAS THE
RIGHT TO LIBERTY AND
SECURITY”
The importance of being free
What does it mean to live in a reality where
the rights of liberty are respected?
In Europe it is not possible to carry out an arrest without
first obtaining the authorisation of a judge;
None of the European member states are in favour of
the death penality.
European Constitution
affirms that:
“EVERY PERSON HAS THE RIGHT TO LIFE”
“NO ONE MAY BE CONDEMNED TO DEATH
OR EXECUTED”
“NO ONE MAY BE FORCED TO UNDERGO
TORTURE OR INHUMAN AND DEGRADING
TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT”
Other liberties in the UE
Liberty of every citizen of the Union to circulate
freely and stay in any European territory
Liberty of information and expression
In other countries, such as
China, this liberty isn‟t
guaranteed
Liberty of religion etc.
The importance of
European Constitution:
With the new Constitution the European
Union provides proof of its efforts to
promote balanced and sustainable
development and the hope of a peaceful
future for the generations to come.
Liceo Classico Francesco Stelluti
Comenius Project 2005/2006