APG TF
Carbon Capture and Storage R&D
An industry perspective
Tony Oliver, K-S Tech Ltd
(Advanced Power Generation Technology Forum)
Royal Academy of Engineering, 28 February 2008
Latest position
• UK CAT strategy – R&D, component demos, pilot
scale demos, work on regulations etc. Actions out to
2010
• BERR CAT strategy CCS demonstration competition
- single post-combustion 300MW power plant with CCS by 2014
• European Council – all new fossil PSs with CCS from
2020(now an aspiration)
• IEA at UNFCCC Bali conf – 600 CCS plants by 2030
BCURA Coal Science Lecture London OTTER - 8th October 2007 - P 3
New Vision
• Original CAT strategy remains sound but must be
accelerated
• More focus on deployment
- what is required to get to deployment
- what will be required by markets
• Need to revitalise whole of innovation process for
capture storage and monitoring
- from Research right through to Deployment
• Lessons learnt from previous successes eg fgd, low
NOx, need to be applied to CCS
Revised CAT Strategy – Areas to be addressed
• Action areas:
- RD&D priorities
- Deployment of CATs
- Public attitudes
- Legal and regulatory
- Development of a market mechanism for CO2
- Development of CO2 transport /storage networks
- Technology transfer
• Linkage to Research Council programmes
• Linkage to TSB and other funding bodies
• Positioning and linkage for EU programmes
• International collaboration
• Planning, funding and timescales
Carbon Capture Technologies
• Accepted need for a portfolio approach
• All technologies need to be addressed
• Retrofit and new plant application
BCURA Coal Science Lecture London OTTER - 8th October 2007 - P 6
CO2 Transport and
Storage
Key Issues
Infrastructure Requirement
Cost Reduction
Public Acceptance
Safe and Effective Storage
Developing the Legal, Regulatory &
Fiscal Framework
Safety and acceptance of CO2 storage
BCURA Coal Science Lecture London OTTER - 8th October 2007 - P 7
R&D
H M L
Power Plant Issues: Efficiency Improvement, Pollutants and Control
Materials, fabrication, inspection, monitoring and life assessment technologies for progressive increases in steam temperature and
pressure to 350 bar and 750°C X
-Particular issues relating to high nickel alloys X
Utilisation of waste heat including domestic and industrial heating schemes X
Gas turbine technology issues X
Multi–pollutant control, including mercury, and interaction of pollutant control with carbon capture and plant efficiency X
Flexibility of operation and control, control and instrumentation issues in general X
Co-use of Biomass
Advanced cofiring or co-gasification (up to 20% or more by heat input), including corrosion, slagging and fouling issues X
Efficient preparation and processing of biomass energy crops (e.g. pelletisation, torrefaction) X
Other cycles using biomass (e.g. biomass feedwater heating) X
Materials issues for biomass use X
Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
Post-combustion (scrubbing)
Process optimisation X
New and less energy intensive solvents (e.g. advanced amines and ammonia) X
Avoidance of solvent degradation X
Health and Safety issues particularly for amines X
Membrane technology X
Pre-combustion Capture
Gasification : process integration/optimisation, improved availability load following and control X
Gas cleaning : improved reliability X
Gas conditioning: CO2 capture : integration and optimisation of shift conversion and CO2capture processes, conditioning of H2 fuel
gas stream for GT X
Gas turbine : Premix burners for hydrogen X
Air separation unit : Process optimisation, improved absorbents for contamination removal, high efficiency packings for distilling
fluids close to supercritical conditions X
Polygeneration – production of electricity, hydrogen etc X
Gas separation membranes - oxygen/nitrogen X
Gas separation membranes - carbon dioxide/hydrogen X
Oxyfuel combustion
Process optimisation - including start-up/shut-down X
Combustion chemistry and kinetics X
Heat transfer prediction X
Materials for oxyfuel environment, corrosion issues X
Ash properties X
Flue gas cleaning to meet CO2 specifications X
ASUs: selection, cycle optimisation X
Flue gas cleaning and conditioning X
Oxygen separation membranes X
Pilot plant tests (scale up to 100MWe) MF X
New and Emerging CO2 Capture technologies
Chemical looping X
Other novel concepts/cycles X
Carbon Dioxide Transport and Storage
Transport
Corrosion behaviour of pipelines as a function of material, temperature, etc X
Alternative materials, joining technologies, sealing technologies X
Crack formation and growth X
Technologies for CO2 ships X
Use of current North Sea infrastructure X
Health & Safety Issues : including impact of impurities, risks associated with major releases both on and off shore X
Storage
Gather experimental data and develop proper modelling and measuring, monitoring and verification techniques, together with knowledge and methods on
trapping, rock and fluid properties, stability/integrity and CO2 mobility X
Assess/develop cost-effective methods for managing impact of sub-surface uncertainty on performance prediction and risk. X
Develop database of equilibrium and kinetic data for use in coupled geochemical modelling of storage systems. X
Develop remote sensing techniques that give improved characterisation of stability of storage sites. e.g. geomechanical properties for fault stability X
Assess potential for storage in saline aquifers. e.g. develop atlas of sea and saline formation properties for North Sea X
ECBM/UCG - real absorption capacity of coal as function of depth and permeability X
Environment
Risk of leakage X
Dispersion following leakage X
Impact of leaks on eco systems X
Impacts of seepage on shallow marine systems X
Public perception issues X
APG TF Concluding remarks
Importance of clean use of fossil fuels
- a critical transitional issue in getting to a sustainable energy future
- an essential part of the portfolio
Importance of accelerating the take-up of CCS
- CCS Competition is good news but need more focus on deployment
covering whole chain – capture, transport and storage (many of a kind)
- Must involve whole innovation chain for all key technologies
Importance of addressing issue worldwide
- use of high efficiency technologies
- retrofitting of high efficient coal plant with CCS to avoid “carbon lock-in
- new build CCS
No time to lose …..urgent for action