Notes of Meeting
Held on Thursday 2nd November 2004
at St Anne’s Chapel Memorial Hall
Present:
Cllr Bryan Carson South Hams District Council Gerald Boalch Marine Biological
(Chairman) Association
Alan Burrows Environment Agency Duncan Norris Local resident
John Crawford Aune Conservation Peter Marsh Aune Conservation
Association Association
Robin Toogood South Devon AONB Unit Hugh Cater Bantham Sailing Club
Stephen Tooke South Hams District Council Peter Lewis Ex-Avon Oysters
Pippa Woods Local resident Rowland Cole Local resident
Peter Weardon South Hams District Council Nigel Mortimer South Hams District Council
John Peters Aune Conservation Alan Stapleton South Hams Society
Association
Elspeth Peters Aune Conservation Stuart Watts Aune Conservation
Association Association
Richard Fisher Environment Agency Neill Schroeter Bantham Harbour Master /
Evans Estate
1 Welcome
Those attending were welcomed by the Chairman of the meeting, Councillor Bryan Carson.
2 Introductions and Apologies
Apologies were received from:
Gordon Local Naturalist Nik Ward Devon Birds and
Waterhouse Preservation Society
Phil Whitby defra Roger Halliday Duchy of Cornwall
Johnathan Aylett Evans Estates 1956 Ltd Laura Heape English Nature
Pip Chorley RYA
Jo Bowry SHDC Green Tourism Earl Grey Local Resident
John Horne Aune Valley Waterski Club Paul McNie South West Water
Maya Plass Local resident Tim Robbins Devon Sea Fisheries
3 Approval of the Minutes of the previous meeting (6th May 2004)
The meetings of the previous meeting were approved as a correct record with the following minor
change - item 6 Abstract should have read ‘The Avon Estuary Forum together with the Aune
Conservation Association and the South Hams Society have recognised that there is an increase in the
rate of change of siltation affecting salt marshes and fundus of the Avon Estuary.’
Avon Estuary Forum – Notes of Meeting 12 December 2004
4 Matters Arising
AEF visit to the Aveton Gifford Sewage Treatment Works (STW) - brief discussion on when a
majority of the Forum’s members might be able to visit the STW’s.
Action: Nigel to contact SWW to ask if the AEF might visit on a Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday
during March 2005.
Salmon Action Plan - Stuart Watts asked when the Salmon Action Plan would be discussed by the
Forum? Nigel thought that he had drawn attention to the Salmon Action Plan during its consultation
draft stage so that members of the Forum could request a copy and comment on the draft. Alan Burrows
suggested that members could ring him for a copy or regarding any concerns about the Salmon Action
Plan. A ‘forum’ of interested parties is hosted by the Environment Agency twice a year.
Local place names map of the Avon estuary - Nigel proposed that a draft map of the Avon estuary be
produced and that AEF members would be invited to annotate local place names (and their rough extent
if relevant). The draft maps will be collated and a map produced for AEF members. Pippa Woods
suggested that the map include some of the hinterland too.
Action: Nigel to bring along several draft maps for annotation to the next spring AEF meeting.
‘Blockage’ at first railway bridge on the River Avon - Neill reported that he had reported the
‘blockage’ to the Environment Agency but since it was presently not causing any flooding, it was really
a South Hams District Council issue. [Nigel has since rung Bill Lawrence - principal engineer, who
said that he was aware of the trees against the bridge, did not consider that they were causing any
damage to the bridge or were likely to cause a flood but would monitor the situation].
5 Estuary Management Plan Progress
5.1 Alan Burrows - Environment Agency
Data access - the EA is a public body and hence data is normally provided free of charge. However,
data given for commercial gain, e.g. commissioned consultant reports, is charged for as the EA must
recoup costs wherever possible.
The EA have a full set of aerial photos for the county, useful for showing details of tracks and farm
vehicle movements and livestock poaching of land.
Forum were shown a map of where all the EA’s water quality samples are taken (map didn’t show
what samples are collected for) data can be superimposed on aerial photos to consider land use or
investigate site problems.
John Peters and Alan Stapleton were volunteered forward to further discuss with Alan exactly what
data would be asked for and how the data might be presented for presentation to the Forum at each
meeting.
Alan handed out sheets showing the monitoring carried out within the Avon estuary catchment. The
sheet identified the reason (or driver) for the monitoring including the number of samples required
per year
Alan explained that the water quality monitoring is expensive and that budgets only allowed for that
monitoring that is required by legislation. There is presently no monitoring for E. coli or suspended
solids within the Avon estuary. (NB Suspended solids are monitored under the EC Freshwater Fish
Directive only). The frequency of the monitoring is dictated by the relevant EC Directive.
Freshwater invertebrate monitoring is undertaken three times through the season.
Fish populations are surveyed at 1 and 5 year intervals. The 1 year survey identifies temporal
changes, the 5 year spatial changes. Both enable an assessment of abundance and diversity of fish
stocks. The 5 year survey covers a wider range of sites.
Biological and chemical maps are produced nationally. data from 2004 is normally available in map
form about June 2005, following extensive QA of the data.
Further monitoring parameters may become required under the European Union implementation of
the Water Framework Directive.
Avon Estuary Forum – Notes of Meeting 12 December 2004
Alan showed graphs showing orthophosphate and nitrate levels from the River Avon at Hatch for
the last eight and 2003. Orthophosphate and nitrate levels were described as ‘very low’ and ‘low’
respectively. Orthophosphates appear to peak during periods of low water flows, suggesting a
constant source of phosphates upstream, such as Sewage Treatment Works [STW’s do not presently
remove phosphates (or nitrates) from the sewage effluent - levels might be decreased by raising
awareness of the issue within the local community]. Nitrates appear to peak after periods of high
water flow suggesting a diffuse source such as agricultural land runoff.
[Orthophosphate - phosphorous is one of the most plentiful elements on earth, but most of it is
combined with oxygen into phosphate (PO4-3). Much of the phosphate, in turn, is complexed into
organic compounds or bound into plant and animal tissues. Orthophosphate tests measure the
portion of that phosphate that is readily available to plants and animals. It is often referred to as
'inorganic' or 'reactive' phosphate Phosphorous is taken up from the water by plants and animals;
plant or animal waste (including dead bodies) sinks to the bottom where bacteria decomposes the
complexed phosphorous chemicals into available orthophosphate; the phosphate ion diffuses back
into the water where it is taken back up; and the cycle continues. Since there is usually plenty of
nitrogen, phosphorous is often the limiting nutrient so algae is sort of 'waiting' for an increase in
orthophosphate. Increases in orthophosphate levels can predict algae blooms, algae blooms use up
the available dissolved oxygen, without dissolved oxygen, the fish suffocate.]
Avon dam - the Environment Agency monitor water flow as part of South West Water’s Abstraction
licence. SWW control the abstraction and compensation flow (the flow require to be released
through the dam at all times).
During June 2004 the water flow was 770 litres per second (when the Dam was over toping) - 68
litres sec-1 is the minimum low flow required. One failure of this minimum is known to have taken
place over the last three years.
Alan Stapleton and John Peters were again volunteered for further discussions with Alan on the
water quality for the last six months.
5.2 John Peters & John Crawford - Aune Conservation Association
Avon Estuary Sediment Research Project. (Planned Programme.) [NB these notes also contain a
substantial amount of updates made since the AEF meeting on the 2nd December 2004].
Methods
Air photo assessment of changes with time –position of channels at three time frames. Preferably
associated with any trends that may be identified.
Survey heights of banks and cross sections of the estuary and set up control points to ensure state of the
art accuracy for further research
Atkins Survey and Mapping.
Atkins could survey the whole estuary and produce a three dimensional model/map from mouth to Aveton
Gifford accurate attitudinally to 5cm with contour interval of 10cm throughout the estuary. The mapping
would survey a series of fixed points as controls.
The use of historic air photos to show what has been going on is not viable altitudinally to these degrees of
accuracy but can give boundaries to show gross movement of channels. The 1946 RAF survey only gives
altitudinal accuracy to some 2 meters because of the height at which it was flown. However, EA has flown
the Avon estuary in 2000 within its series of 5000 ft. photos of UK coast and have also used lidar techniques.
(It may be possible to get an additional map created for this 2000 period.)
Atkins could probably have a look back at a couple of air photo dates for a few hundred pounds and set the
photos as a plan view backdrop to their hard copy maps.
An additional strength to having this accurate mapping available to the whole project is the use of photos taken
by individuals to assess change at particular points in the estuary. This would entail additional costs outside
our present funding:-
Avon Estuary Forum – Notes of Meeting 12 December 2004
Ground level photos that contain a number of surveyable points within them can be accurately scaled for the
features that they contain. ( The technique is used for accurate survey of walls of buildings.) By using this
technique it would be possible to monitor change through comparison of one oblique ground level picture and
another provided they contain the same control points. Thus it is possible to use ground level pictures of the
estuary taken at different historical dates of similar views to determine change accurately but at a cost. We
all need to search our photo archives for photos of the same view taken at known historic dates.
To assess the marine influence, current flow and cross section (sonar transect?) of the Avon
entrance are likely to be needed. Some modelling of effects of restraint on flow may allow insight
into the effect of the groins.
Explore possible freshwater flow changes and associated weather conditions as they contribute to
the tidal/freshwater interface. Contribution of SS from FW flow records and identification of main
periods of Erosion/deposition.
Examine flow record to check on particular events such as the 1990-95 wet period and assess water
height at which main erosive forces start acting and the year on year contribution. . Examine Avon
dam effect by subtraction from catchment and in the possible absence of gauged flows below dam.
Examine contribution of groundwater to the flow record.
Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML)
Utilising the three dimensional map created by Atkins which will include cross sectional survey at chosen
points up the estuary, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) are proposing to measure current flows and
suspended solids through the entrance of the Avon at different tidal states in order to model the likely
movement of sediments of marine origin into the Bantham area. Utilising data for river flow and suspended
solids the contribution from upstream will also be assessed for those periods of time deemed significant.
Particularly pre and post the building of Avon Dam. The use of ‘Microflow’ model technique to compare the
flow data of the rivers Plym and Avon should enable the effect of the Avon dam to be assessed by
extrapolating the Avon flow data back in time. At present the Loddiswell gauging station data only start in
1970. PML hope that EA may be able to do this. PML suggest conducting siltation measures at differing
states of river flow and tide to assess the short term deposition/erosion of sediments and the likely flocculation
effect of freshwater/brackish interface.
Year 1 Summer low flows
Superficial sediment grain-size analysis (some other analysis too, such as loss-on-ignition) at
numerous stations throughout the Avon.
For a spring tide and a neap tide (or portions thereof) the measurement of flow, suspended solids and
other physical variables at a site near Ham Cottage (close to the mouth) and at a site near North Efford
(near the head).
Analysis and interpretation.
Year 2 Early spring, higher flows
Superficial sediment grain-size analysis (some other analysis too, such as loss-on-ignition) at
numerous stations throughout the Avon.
For a spring tide and a neap tide (or portions thereof) the measurement of flow, suspended solids and
other physical variables at a site near Ham Cottage (close to the mouth) and at a site near North Efford
(near the head). If these measurements proved to be too difficult to make during the shorter day-light
days, we would attempt an alternative measurement strategy.
Analysis and interpretation.
Utilise the topographic data supplied by Atkins to develop a 1-D estuary model in order to estimate
(a), tidal flows through the estuary and how these might effect sediment movement and (b), the
influence of freshwater flows on the tidal currents and how this influence might impinge on the
sediment transport.
Year 3 Continue to utilise the topographic data supplied by Atkins to develop the 1-D estuary model in
order to estimate (a), tidal flows through the estuary and how these might effect sediment movement and (b),
Avon Estuary Forum – Notes of Meeting 12 December 2004
the influence of freshwater flows on the tidal currents and how this influence might impinge on the sediment
transport.
Write a brief report on the ‘physical’ study that the Project Manager will incorporate with the other
study-reports to provide a final report.
Constraints and Possibilities
We would need the topographic data to be supplied in ASCII xyz form with z relative to OD(Newlyn), or as
high resolution charts with sufficient marked depth contours relative to OD(Newlyn). We would need to be
supplied with time-series data on freshwater runoff into the Avon Estuary from all its sources for periods
before and after the building of the dam (if realistic estimates of ‘before and after’ situations are to be
attempted). If more funding became available it might be possible to do additional work, or if aspects of the
work prove to be particularly interesting scientifically, then it might be possible to do more work for the above
costs than has been outlined here
Compare tidal/freshwater interface zones with timescales ascertained from core horizons to build
picture of change and predict the possible change in tidal flow regime in the estuary. Assess
contribution of sediments over time from marine or FW sources and from what part of the
catchment the latter comes. The Isotope studies already underway in surrounding catchments will
be compared for lessons learnt.
Assess data on land cover of the catchment, soils, farm crop, forestry/woodland as well as identity of
individual sub-catchments and contribution to the whole.
Exploring the causes of siltation in the upper estuary sediment cores, transects, quadrat survey,
sampling points and GPS guided banktop walks. These all require accurate spatial identification.
Plymouth University objectives:-
A) A sediment tracing project to establish if distinguishable geochemical signatures can be determined in
potential source areas of the Avon catchment (e.g. pasture land, agricultural land, woodland etc) for
comparison with ‘problem sediment’ Incorporating:-
1. Collection of spatially-integrated soil samples from areas of contrasting land use (50 samples)
2. Collection of stream and river channel stored sediment from headwaters to estuary (linking sources to
estuary) (30 samples)
Collection of estuarine surface sediment (20 samples)
(All samples will be analysed by particle size separation and particle size analysis (laser granulometry) and
geochemical analysis (ICPMS))
This will enable source signatures to be established and to explore spatial distribution of sediment from
contrasting sources and numerically ‘unmix’ downstream problem sediment and assign to generic source types
so that linkages between problem sediment and upstream landuse can be assessed.
B) In addition there will be an exploration of land-use impacts on estuarine environmental quality consisting
of a reconnaissance of water and sediment quality in the Avon hydrological system in relation to point and
diffuse sources of nutrients.
1. Collection of stream and river channel stored sediment from headwaters to estuary (linking sources to
estuary) (50 samples)
2. Collection of stream and river water samples from headwaters to estuary (linking sources to estuary)
(50 samples)
3. Collection of estuarine surface sediment (20 samples) These need linking with PML and taken at
different states of tide and FW flow.
(All samples will be acid digested and EDTA extraction carried out as well as geochemical analysis (total and
available nutrients N and P)
C) There will be studies to establish recent historical changes in environmental quality through an
interpretation of sedimentary evidence for recent changes in nutrient and metal flux to the Avon estuary for
comparison against natural ‘background’ levels. This will establish the accretion rates of salt-marshes and
enable comparison against historical rate of sea-level change.
Avon Estuary Forum – Notes of Meeting 12 December 2004
1. Collection of stream and river channel stored sediment from headwaters to estuary (linking sources to
estuary) See impacts study above.
Collection of salt-marsh and estuarine sediment cores.
For all cores there will be:-
1. Sample preparation - core logging and dissection
2. Sample preparation - sediment acid digest
3. Geochemical analysis of core (total and available nutrients N and P) (50 samples)
4. Geochemical analysis of core (metals, primarily Pb and Sn) to provide a mining chronology (50
samples)
5 Microfossil analyses
6 Sediment dating by 210Pb and 137Cs will be conducted on 2 selected cores
These data will then be assessed to explore temporal and spatial patterns sediment quality and link temporal
changes in known landuse change history. All assessment will be comparable with quality indicators set by
international environmental quality guidelines.
The outcome of the upstream work will be a map of sediment quality within the Avon system linked to recent
history of sediment accretion and changing pollution dynamics and local sea-level history.
Examine soil/water retention times (important in understanding E.coli sources.) and possibly model
against rainfall/flow data and SS levels as measured to date.
All work on the catchment should be identifiable to subcatchments as well as the national 1 kmsq.
classification, so that full use can be made of the 1990 and 2000 National Countryside Surveys for
comparison of the effects of such incidents as BSE, F&M, CAP reform etc. Our dataset then becomes
useful for many other initiatives and may attract additional finance.
It is hoped that the aspects I & II above can be picked up asthe project progresses but there is no finance
available for the work at present. Nor is there for water quality studies associated with the sediment study or
tracing of pollutants such as E.coli which is so important to the Shell Fishery on the Avon. The catchment
assessment of land use/cover used by Plymouth University for the sediment study is not at field level and is
inadequate for real understanding of nutrient/pollutant sources and loads on a farm or parish basis.
Examination of GIS material from the Devon County GIS shows that the farm use data are only available at
Avon plus Erme catchment level and DEFRA will need to be approached for reanalysis of these data unless it
is held differently by the EA.
The detailed mapping of the saltmarsh vegetation and extent is not costed within the programme but could
be easily added by an ecologist working alongside the Atkins survey team. Atkins have ecologists with
saltmarsh survey experience and it would seem very wise to find funds to add this aspect into the project.
Installation of bird boxes and benches within Stiddicombe Wood is now largely complete and the
ACA are considering the construction of an ‘artificial’ holt to encourage otters back down to the
estuary. Thanks was given to Evan’s Estates for their assistance in bringing this about. [Nigel has
since written to Mary-Rose Lane of the Environment Agency, otter conservation champions, asking
for further advice / help on this].
5.3 Nigel Mortimer - Marine Conservation Officer
Common cordgrass - University of Plymouth student is looking at the problem of cordgrass and
how it might be controlled on the Salcombe-Kingsbridge estuary - on the Avon estuary the problem
is perceived to be far worse and appears to be now dominating areas of saltmarsh on the western
banks at least - it is now probably beyond management control on the Avon. For more information
on this invasive species see (american article)
http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/commoncordgrass.html
A guided walk looking at some of the ecology of estuary saltmarshes and mudflats was lead by
Nigel on Saturday 13th December - it was reasonably well attended.
Loddiswell primary school science week 2004 - the whole school was involved in a week of science
and applied science week activities, some of which involved visits or lessons about the estuary and
wildlife. Class 3 visited the Avon oyster farm, for which Peter Marsh was thanked, and the Aveton
Avon Estuary Forum – Notes of Meeting 12 December 2004
Gifford Sewage Treatment Works and encouraged to consider their and their communities impact
on the health of the estuary and how this might affect their health as consumers of the oysters! Nigel
helped with a number of class field trips and classroom talks.
Egret film - the sequel was launched in the autumn at an event in Kingsbridge - several Avon
estuary organisations and businesses had stalls at the event and Nigel lead a guided walk to meet
some of stars of the film!
Swan rafts - Nigel raised a slightly difficult issue of the use of swan rafts - for whatever reason,
swans have not learnt about the tidal cycle and frequently build nests above the tide mark on a neap
tide only for the nest and frequently eggs to float off on the next spring tide. For many years,
conservationists have built rafts and moved the nest and / or eggs onto the raft so that neither are
drowned. However, Nigel was asked to check the legality of doing this and both the RSPB and
Swan Trust http://www.swanuk.org.uk/index%20frame.htm advised against swan rafts and pointed
out that moving nest or eggs was illegal. The RSPCA have further added that they will now seek to
persecute anyone moving nest or eggs - although losing their nest is a harsh lesson for the swans, it
is the only way that they will learn. Nigel reminds the Forum that members voted to support PAW,
the Partnership for Action Against Wildlife Crime. Rafts could be legally left on site before the
nesting season but it is then up to the birds to make the choice to use them.
[Nigel forgot to mention that a coppicing guide had been produced by the Environment Agency for
minimising the impact of riverside coppicing work on bats - “Coppicing: Bats and River Corridors”-
copies available from the EA.]
5.4 Robin Toogood - South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB)
Life into Landscape - Robin gave a brief report on the first year’s achievements of the project
programme, including the funding of practical work e.g. green-lane and hedge restoration. Three
year scheme is still open for new projects.
Coast and Countryside Events programme - this winters booklet advertises the most varied
programme of events ever produced by the team but it contains little about or within the Avon
catchment. AEF members were asked for any suggestions for local events and / or volunteers to lead
them, to include in future programmes.
Avon estuary management plan - the plan is due for review by December 2006 and Robin
suggested, that as part of the review process, the Forum may wish to consider its structure and
constitution, frequency of meeting, etc. to ensure that the meetings remain productive.
Programme of local archaeological studies - Robin was asked to consider whether the archaeologists
might be commissioned to investigate the historic land use of the estuary’s catchment. Studies of the
Loddiswell and Woodleigh parishes would be particularly useful to the proposed siltation survey.
Limekilns - Robin was asked about possible grants towards limekiln restoration projects? Robin
suggested that funding can be obtained for such projects but that either a community group or
landowner is needed to organise and progress the work.
5.5 Neill Schroeter – Bantham Harbour Master
3 - 4 major incidents on the estuary this year involving speeding boats but all were sorted locally
and amicably.
Neill expressed his concern regarding the angling for sea bass on the estuary and the need to clarify
the definitive rules of angling and bait collection. Stephen Tooke said that he was calling a meeting
of the Devon Sea Fisheries, defra, Environment Agency, police and Harbour Authority to discuss
fishing enforcement issues and promised to invite Neill. Nigel suggested that the Duchy of
Cornwall’s several fishery designation of the estuary could be useful, however, legislation still
needs to be enforced.
Neill expressed his satisfaction with the new patrol boat and especially the blue light facility. Neill
has written to Father Christmas for a siren too!
Avon Estuary Forum – Notes of Meeting 12 December 2004
5.6 Tim Robbins - Devon Sea Fisheries
Devon Sea Fisheries have visited the Avon 33 times over the past twelve months, either by land or
in the rigid inflatable boat. Liaison continues with the harbour master and DSF have been called
recently due to concerns about an increased level of illegal bass fishing around the entrance to the
river. DSF will continue to monitor the situation and will respond when possible, along with
colleagues from defra and the EA.
5.7 Mariculture Report
Devon Sea Fisheries - the shellfishery and water quality in the Avon have caused concerns over the
last year and work continues with SHDC Environmental Health Officers and the EA to secure the
water quality needed by the fishery to be successful.
Peter Wearden - SHDC Environmental Health - reminded the Forum that the role of the
Environmental Health department is to monitor the health of shellfish being produced for human
consumption - local shellfish are collected and sent for testing monthly.
The present shellfish designation for the Westbank of the Avon estuary is grade B for oysters and
mussels - there were no toxic algae issues over the last 6 month period.
There were 1 or 2 E.coli blips in the summer, most probably due to a number of private untreated
sewage discharges - since resolved and results have improved. CEFAS (Centre for Environment,
Fisheries and Aquaculture Science) are proposing a downgrade in the designation category but
SHDC are arguing that significant improvements to the water quality have been made.
Environmental Health differ from the EA - EH do monitor bacteria levels [specifically the E.coli
bacterium, presently taken to be an indicator of human gut virus levels] - oysters are collected and
sent to the Derriford microbiological lab and within 48hrs results can be obtained The results are
then forwarded to CEFAS, who in turn advise the Food Standards Agency If results are found to be
high, the EA and SWW are contacted and asked if there might be some reason for the level?
However, the reason is frequently inconclusive.
There is an arrangement where there are pollution incidents of public health significance for SWW
to notify the Council . Combined Storm Overflow (CSO) events for CSO's with telemetry to be
reported to the EA. SHDC have written regarding specific dates with high bacteria results and
SWW are investigating this. It has been reported by the EA that there have been no known problems
during the weeks prior to (& inc.) the dates questioned.
5.8 Wildlife Sightings
Shelduck - 5 chicks fledged - otherwise numbers normal.
Grey herons - similar numbers to usual.
Numbers of Canada geese have risen dramatically - 304 in December 2004 - must be the effect of
shooting them over Slapton Ley and Salcombe-Kingsbridge estuary !
Little egret - first year of confirmed breeding on the Avon estuary. Up to three pairs may have
nested but as far as known only one produced fledged young (two seen in nest in early July). [Peter
Reay]
Arrival (?) of Sea Spurge (Euphorbia paralias) on Cockleridge Ham. Over 50 plants found in a small
area at the top of the beach in August 2004. [Peter Reay]
Hairy Violet (Viola hirta) grows on a rabbit-grazed area of Cockleridge Ham. First found it there in
2002, but not sure that it is on the official plant list. [Peter Reay]
Numbers of dead dolphins are starting to build up again due to the start of the pair trawling season -
members are asked to report any cetaceans found to Lindy Hingley 07712 587799 (or Gavin Black
01392 279244 Devon Wildlife Trust if Lindy is out).
Avon Estuary Forum – Notes of Meeting 12 December 2004
6 A.O.R.B.
Egret Film Sequel - John Crawford reported on the success of the new film and its launch event, and
that he had copies available for sale.
7 Date of Next Meeting
Thursday 12th May 2005 at 7pm, St. Anne’s Chapel Memorial Hall
Avon Estuary Forum – Notes of Meeting 12 December 2004