HIV to AIDS
Adam Jones
Main Theories
• THEORY 1
– Began in 1940 in Africa
• Thought hunters were butchering monkeys that had
SIV, a disease with similar characteristic as HIV
• THEORY 2
– In the United States, common vaccinations were
unsanitary without regulations, and it is thought that
this spread the disease
In the beginning…
First big outbreak
– NYC 1981
– Thought it was “Gay
Cancer”
1984 HIV virus
discovered
What is HIV?
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Results in AIDS
– Acquired Immune Deficiency Disease
• Both Weaken the immune system
• HIV will not kill you…
– AIDS is acquired and breaks down your
immune system
Diagnosis
• ELISA Test
– If positive
• Western blot
– Usually used to
confirm readings.
– If negative
• Should take it another 2
times to be safe because
it could be in the
dormant stage.
Diagnosis Ctn’d
• More Tests to
Confirm ELISA
– Screening
• Count the anti-bodies
– Viral Load Test
– T Cell Count
HIV to AIDS
• Full blown Aids
• possessing fewer than 200 T-cells
• At Least 2 Opportunistic Illnesses
• Examples:
• Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC)
• Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC)
– Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
– Hepatitis
– Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
– Cryptococcal Meningitis
– Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
– Pneumonia (bacterial)
– Toxoplasmosis
Fluids to be aware of…
• Blood
• Vaginal Secretions
• Sperm
• Breast Milk
Common Modes of Transmission
• Breast milk
– Breast Feeding
• Vaginal Secretions & Sperm
– Unprotected Sex
• Blood to Blood
– Sharing of needles
– Birth
– Tattoos
– Unprotected first-aid
– Blood Transfusions
• Really rare now.
Is it Spreading?
• People usually spread the
disease because they are
unaware they have it.
• Blood transfusion?
– Used to be a problem, but
now the bloods is tested
before it can be used in the
hospital.
• Donating?
– After you donate, your
blood is tested for free so it
is safe for the receiver.
Treatments
• Preventative/Therapeutic Vaccines
• Different Prescribed Drugs to treat positive
people:
– Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors
• NNRTIs bind to and disable reverse
transcriptase, a protein that HIV needs to
make more copies of itself.
– Protease Inhibitors
• PIs disable protease, a protein that HIV
needs to make more copies of itself
– Fusion Inhibitors
• Fusion Inhibitors prevent HIV entry into
cells
– Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors
• NRTIs are faulty versions of building
blocks that HIV needs to make more copies
of itself. When HIV uses an NRTI instead
of a normal building block, reproduction of
the virus is stalled.
The Red Cross Helps Out!
• Many different public
awareness programs
– Programs:
• Basic aids/HIV
• African American aids/HIV
• Hispanic aids/HIV
• Workplace aids/HIV
• Programs for youth
• Get a FREE blood test
– When You Donate blood
The Destruction Done?
• More than 20 million have died • As of the end of 2002, an estimated
since aids was discovered. 384,906 people in the United States
were living with AIDS
• AIDS-associated illnesses – an estimated 501,669 people with AIDS
caused the deaths of in the US had died
approximately 2.9 million • 40,000 new HIV infections occur
people worldwide in 2003 each year in the United States,
– estimated 490,000 children about 70 percent among men and
younger than 15 years 30 percent among women.
– Half are younger than 25
• 37.8 million worldwide in 2003
• estimate that 850,000 to 950,000
were diagnosed
U.S. residents living with HIV
– 35.7 million adults and 2.1 million infection
children younger than 15 years
– 25% are unaware of their infection