Latin 646 Semester Exam Review
Grammar
Nouns, adjectives
Charts: declensions 1-5 (Cf pp.109 – 110 in Catullus text)
1 2 2 nt 3 4 5
NS puella servus baculum pater manus dies
GS
DS
AcS
AbS
NP
GP
DP
AcP
AbP
Determining the correct case:
o –a endings
Could be: (case/number/gender; 3 options)
Identify case/num/gen of underlined words: ( villa, -ae; templum, -i)
templa videmus.
in urbe conditur villa. (condo, ere: to build)
pulchra sunt templa. (pulcher, chra, chrum: beautiful)
o –i endings
Could be: (case/number/gender; 3 options)
Identify case/num/gen of underlined words: dominus,-i; vox, vocis)
domini villa est magna.
domini sunt magnanimi.
voci non credo.
o –es endings
Could be: (case/number; 5 options)
Identify case/num of underlined words:
voces auditae sunt.
voces audivimus.
o dative vs. ablative: is & ibus endings
2 questions?
Could be: (case/number; 3 options)
Identify case/num of underlined words:
sine dominis non sunt servi. sine = without
vox patris est magna.
dominis hoc dixi.
o –um endings (unsyncopated)
Could be: (case/number/gender; 4 options)
Identify case/num/gen of underlined words:
magnum est templum.
sonitus vocum est magnus. sonitus, -us: sound
templum vident.
o –us (with macron) endings
Could be: (case/number; 3 options)
Identify case/num/gen of underlined words:
sonitusne auditis?
audiuntur sonitus.
sonitus brevitas pauca erat. brevitas, brevitatis: shortness
o –ae endings
Could be: (case/number/gender; 3 options)
Identify case/num/gen of underlined words:
puellae villa est magna.
puellae donum dedi. donum, -i: gift
fortes sunt puellae. fortis, is, e: strong
Uses of datives
o with special verbs or compound verbs (Aeneid WB, p. 37)
o indirect object (Catullus WB p. 14): look for verbs of speaking or giving
o possession: look for this format (in any order): subject – Linking verb - dative
o separation: look for verbs of taking away
o reference
Pattern #1: subject – Linking verb – predicate – dative
Pattern #2: impersonal verb (e.g., licet) - dative
o Practice: translate & identify the use of the dative
domus est mihi.
nobis urbem eripuit.
credo tibi.
nobis poema dedit.
amor Catullo difficilis est.
bellum urbi imminent. bellum, -i: war
licuit Catullo Lesbiam videre.
Ablative absolutes
o How to recognize: look for a __________ & a ________________, both in the
ablative
o How to translate:
agmine facto:
urbe visa*: *macron over the “a”
voce audita*:
Positive, comparative, superlative adjectives & adverbs?
Poetic forms
o diminutives: -ulus or similar endings
E.g.: libellus. Translate 3 ways:
o syncopated: GP: deum =deorum
Substantives
o Definition?
o Translate:
miseras vidi. miser a um: unhappy
vocem miserorum audivi.
misero librum legi. lego ere legi lectus: read
Verbs
Subjunctives
o Forms: See the synopsis chart below.
Write the sentence that helps us remember the vowel changes for
making present subjunctives:
Write the present subjunctives (1S) for:
sum: possum:
eo: volo:
o Uses
Deliberative
Hortatory
Jussive
Potential
Future Less Vivid Condition
(Future More Vivid Condition)
Present Contrary to Fact Condition
Past Contrary to Fact Condition
o Translate & identify the use of the subjunctive:
Si viderem Carthaginem, essem laetus.
Si vidissem Carthaginem, fuissem laeta.
Si videam Carthaginem, sim laetus.
Eamus Carthaginem?
Eamus Carthaginem.
Spectet Carthaginem. specto, -are
Possis venire nobiscum.
Participles (form & translation): present active, perfect passive, future active, future
passive (gerundive), deponent (see synopsis below)
o Translate:
debitus (debeo, ere: to owe)
veritus (vereor, eri: to fear)
Imperatives: positive, negative (make below for debeo, ere)
o Singular positive: Singular negative:
o Plural positive: Plural negative:
(now do the same for vereor, vereri, veritus sum)
o Singular positive: Plural positive:
Infinitives: active, passive; present, perfect
o Make into passive infinitives:
Act: clamare videre (macron) petere (no macron) munire
Pass:
Supines
o Created from what principal part of a verb?
o = a noun of what declension?
o Exists in what 2 cases, with what uses?
Case: Use:
Case: Use:
o List the 2 supines for emo, ere, emi, emptus (buy):
o How would you translate the 2 supines you just made?
Synopsis of forms: Use paro (1st conj.; “to prepare”); 2nd singular
Indicative
Pres. Impf. Fut Perf Plupf FP
Act
Trans
Pass
Trans
Subjunctive
Pres Imperf (Perfect) Pluperf
Act
Pass
Participles
Pres Perfect Future
Act XXXX
Act Trans XXXX
Pass XXXX
Pass Trans XXXX
Poetic forms
o Syncopated perfect active 3rd plural
o Syncopated: loss of ve, vi, v: porta(ve)rat, porta(vi)sti, audi(v)it
o Syncopated: ris to re: portaberis -> portabere
Translation of forms
Verbs to know (for comprehension, not to write out):
o video, videre, vidi, visus: to see
o venio, ire, veni, ventus: to come
o do, dare, dedi, daturus: to give
o mitto, ere, misi, missus: to send
Syntax
Conditions (also on Qu 1): format & translation
Poems
Influences:
o Homer
o Sappho
o Euripides
o Callimachus & Alexandria
Catullus, Poems 11, 13, 85, 101
Life of Vergil
o Eclogues
o Georgics
o Maecenas
The Aeneid, Book I
o Story and myth (see other sections of review)
o Similes & signs:
Neptune 210ff
Geese 541ff
Bees 587ff
Dido 678ff
Mythology
Judgment of Paris: Peleus & Thetis, Achilles, Eris, Juno, Minerva, Venus, Paris
Trojan War:
o Trojans & their allies: Cassandra, Ganymede, Hector, Paris, Rhesus (638ff),
Troilus (646ff), Penthesilea (669ff), Priam
o Greeks: Achilles (from Phthia: 382), Agamemnon (from Mycenae: 383), Ajax
the Lesser, Danaans, Helen (and Leda: 888),
Aeneas’ family: Anchises, Ascanius (Iulus), Alba Longa (366); friend Achates
Aeneas in Italy: Lavinia, Lavinium, Latium, Latinus, Turnus (king of Rutulians: 358)
Odyssey references: Aeolus, Scylla (274), Cyclops (275)
Carthage
o Dido’s family: Pygmalion, Sychaeus
o Carthaginians: Tyrians (20, 32, etc.), Sidonians (605, 848), Libyan (718),
Phoenicians, Punic
Gods: Cupid, Diana (“Apollo’s sister”), Janus (394), Juno, Jupiter, Minerva (=Pallas, 60),
Mercury, Neptune (the storm, the simile), Venus
History
Romulus & Remus (line 371), Rhea Silvia: founding of Rome 753 BCE
Subjugation of Greece: 146 BCE
Birth & death of Catullus: 84 – 54 BCE
Spartacus 73
Birth and death of Vergil : 70-19
Cicero consul; conspiracy of Catiline 63
First triumvirate: 60
Caesar consul 59
Caesar in Gaul 58 – 49
Rubicon 49
Pharsalus, 48: Who defeated whom?
Death of Caesar: 44
Philippi, 42 BCE: Who defeated whom?
Terms: Define:
Anaphora
Anastrophe
Chiasmus
Diminutive
In medias res
Polysyndeton
Substantive (already defined above)
Synchesis
Syncopation
Transferred epithet