The Masonic History of the CIA

THE

MASONIC

HISTORY

OF THE C.I.A.

& GLOBAL

GOVERNMENT

POSITIONS



CIA Changes

OFFICIAL CIA SITE

http://www.cia.gov/





From The Library Of Dr. Michael Sunstar, D.D.



FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY

MASONIC CONNECTIONS WITH THE CIA???



The Good Shepherd is an Academy Award-nominated 2006 film

directed by Robert De Niro (his second directorial effort after A Bronx

Tale) and starring Matt Damon and Angelina Jolie, with an extensive

supporting cast. The film was rated "R" for "some violence, sexuality and

language" by the MPAA. Although it is a fictional film loosely based on real

events, it is advertised as telling the untold story of the birth of counter-

intelligence in the Central Intelligence Agency. It is a Morgan

Creek Productions film distributed by Universal Pictures. The film's

main character, Edward Wilson (played by Damon), is loosely based in part

on James Jesus Angleton and Richard M. Bissell, Jr.. General Bill

Sullivan, (played by DeNiro) is loosely based on Colonel William Joseph

Donovan







The movie begins in 1961 with Edward Wilson (Matt Damon) commuting

to work. A young boy approaches him and asks for change for his dollar.

Arriving at work he uses the serial number from the dollar to decipher a

message, which sets the tone for the rest of the film.



The stage is set for the main plot of the movie which begins with the failure

of the Bay of Pigs Invasion due to an informer or leak of some kind.

Later, a photograph and a recording on reel to reel tape are dropped off

anonymously to Edward.



The narrative cuts to one of the many flashbacks of Edward's life, this time

to 1939, where he is attending the then all-male Yale College of [Yale

University|Yale]] and is asked to join Skull and Bones, a secretive Yale

society, one of whose principal purposes is to create a bond among future

leaders of the United States trained at Yale. During an initiation ritual he

talks about witnessing his father (Timothy Hutton) commit suicide as a

young boy and hiding the suicide note from his family.



The narrative also introduces Edward's poetry professor Dr. Fredericks

(Michael Gambon), who reads a poem that he says he is having trouble

finishing, and Laura (Tammy Blanchard), a deaf student (presumably

enrolled at one of the specialized schools of Yale that accepted female

students) whom Edward starts dating after meeting her in the library.

Fredericks makes subtle sexual advances on Wilson, which Wilson ignores;

Wilson is recruited by an FBI agent, Sam Murach (Alec Baldwin), to find

out who Frederick's associates are in his pro-German groups, which Murach

believes are a cover for a Nazi spy ring--not knowing that Fredericks in

reality is infiltrating Nazi activities for the U.S. government. Wilson does so,

and justifies it to Fredericks based on the fact that the poem was plagiarized,

and so Fredericks betrayed him first.



Edward attends a Skull & Bones retreat on Deer Island in 1940 and meets

Clover (Angelina Jolie) and General Bill Sullivan (Robert DeNiro), a

powerful military intelligence official. Sullivan asks him to join the Office

of Strategic Services and offers him a post in London. Clover seduces

him.



Clover becomes pregnant, and, although Edward is in love with another

woman (Laura), he feels compelled to marry her. During the reception, a

man in uniform comes to see Edward and asks if he is still interested in

seeing the world. He accepts and tells his new wife that he is to be sent off to

England in one week, where he spends the next six years. He meets with

British intelligence Officer Arch Cummings (Billy Crudup) and Richard

Hayes (Lee Pace), and also Fredericks his old poetry professor who he

now finds is not only a member of OSS but is also assigned to tutor him in

espionage. Ironically, Fredericks' German-American Bund activities were an

undercover operation of the British government to infiltrate Nazi

organizations, which Edward and the FBI had ruined.



The timeline then moves to post-war Berlin, whose ruins are well depicted.

Both the Americans and the Soviets are trying to gather as many German

scientists as possible. At an old bombed-out church, Edward meets his

Soviet counterpart, codenamed "Ulysses." Ulysses informs Edward that

Edward's Russian codename is "Mother" and lauds Edward as a formidable

adversary.



Edward is shown interviewing potential German informants with the aid of a

female German translator. This translator, who comes into daily contact with

the most secret American actions in occupied Berlin, wears what appears to

be a hearing aid device. It seems to intrigue Edward (and, perhaps, reminds

him of Laura.

The translator later cooks for Edward and the two have a sexual encounter.

Edward notices that the translator has removed her hearing aid and appears

to hear well without it; it appears to be some sort of spy device. She has been

a Soviet spy in the heart of OSS activities in Germany. The next scene

shows the German translator being shot, with no indication of who is

responsible for the shooting. But Ulysses finds the presumed hearing aid

inside his teapot, an apparent gift from the OSS. It is one of the sequence of

deaths that Edward will be responsible for in the film.



Edward returns home and meets his son, Edward Jr., for the first time. His

OSS duties have kept Edward out of the United States for six years, one of

the unlikely elements of the film. He gives him a ship he made and put in

what looks like a glass watch casing. His wife informs him that she no

longer goes by "Clover" and is now Margaret. She further asks that the two

sleep in separate beds until they get to know one another again. Margaret

informs Edward that her brother and his fellow Skull and Bones member,

John. was killed in Burma in 1944. Both Margaret and Edward

acknowledge that they have engaged in infidelity during their long

separation. Sullivan approaches him to help form a foreign intelligence

organization and wants Edward to work with Hayes and under Allen.



As life continues, his son grows up and his relationship with his wife

continues to grow more distant. When his wife has friends over for dinner,

they ask if he really works for the CIA. Edward replies that his wife has a

"vivid imagination" and that he is just a civil servant at the trade office.



Edward then is given an assignment to interview Valentin, a Russian

requesting asylum and claiming to be a high ranking official who knows

Edward's counterpart in the Soviet government, Ulysses. Edward attends a

production of The Cherry Orchard with Valentin, who claims it is a bad

translation. At the theater Edward encounters Laura, his college sweetheart,

who has remained single "with a cat." Laura admits to dreaming of what

their lives would have been like together; Edward would, she thinks, have

taught at a small liberal-arts college in a college town. The contrast between

his OSS/CIA life and the professorial life causes Edward momentarily to

wince. They return to her house and end up sleeping together.



Soon after, however, Clover is sent pictures depicting Laura and Edward

during their romantic encounters. Clover loudly interrupts a S & B party and

throws the pictures at Edward. Edward breaks a date with Laura by sending

his assistant to return a cross he'd kept of hers when they were college

sweethearts. This act perhaps confirms that he reciprocated her strong

feelings for him which have remained over the years, yet may suggest their

continued separation is a cross they must bear. It also signifies that Edward's

work for the most secret agency in the United States is causing him to lose

his soul.



Edward visits Edward, Jr. at Yale, where he has also become tapped by

Skull and Bones. He tells his father he has been approached by the CIA and

that he wants to sign up. Edward tells his son it's a difficult life and tries to

talk him out of it--something Margaret tearfully urges him to do. But

Edward, Jr., who throughout the film is concerned with becoming closer to

the father he did not know for the first six years of his life, is adamant.

Edward and Margaret argue over the issue, adding to their highly conflicted

relationship. During the argument, Edward reveals that his son was the only

reason why they had married. Edward Jr. joins the CIA after Edward refuses

Margaret's request to have his application denied. At yet another S&B party

on Deer Island we learn that Margaret's father (a US Senator) has died and

that Margaret is going to Arizona to live with her mother. During this same

S & B party, Edward has a discussion with Hayes regarding the upcoming

Bay of Pigs Invasion. Edward Jr. overhears the discussion, and Edward tells

him that he cannot repeat what he overheard to anyone.



Time passes. After analyzing the photograph and tape that had been dropped

off anonymously at Edward's house earlier in the movie, the CIA officials

make a number of findings. The photo depicts a Caucasian man and an

African woman. They can deduce that there are three church belfries, the

ceiling fan is of Belgian origin, the window curtains have a baobab tree

design and the design of the stone balustrade on the balcony. They are

unable to identify a blurred item on the nightstand which they feel might be

significant. Over time they discern more details from the audio tape. They

distinguish church bells, a plane flying overhead, the woman's French

accent, and the use of "cochinos", the Spanish word for "pigs". They also

determine that the track has been tampered with to make some of the

dialogue indiscernible. From these clues, they figure it is possible for the

photo to have been taken in three places, all in Africa, one of those places

being Leopoldville, in the Congo.



Edward goes to the Congo and tracks down the room. Edward realizes it is

Edward, Jr. who is in the film because the object they couldn't identify was a

container holding the ship that Edward had made during his OSS service for

his son. Ulysses has apparently been awaiting Edward's arrival at the scene

of this recording. Ulysses plays the recording of the liaison that has been the

focus of the analysis.



This time, however, the audio clearly allows one to hear Edward, Jr. relate

the information he overheard at the earlier S & B meeting to his female

companion. Ulysses informs Edward that the African woman is a Russian

spy who has now apparently fallen in love with Edward's son. Ulysses

encourages Edward to commit treason by spying for the Russians in return

for their not harming his son. Edward confronts Edward, Jr., and his son tells

him that he is in love with the woman and that they are getting married.

Edward tells him she is a spy, but he won't believe his father and leaves.



In the next scene, Edward reveals Valentin as a spy for the Russians after

finding evidence in the binding of the book Ulysses by James Joyce.

This discovery also leads to Cummings' demise as a co-conspirator of

Valentin', as Cummings is shown in an earlier scene giving this book (which

contained not only a passport showing the real name of Valentin but also a

recording device) to Valentin as a seemingly benign, clever gift that refers

only to Valentin's knowledge of Ulysses, the Russian spy. As Arch and

Edward speak over the phone after Valentin's cover is blown, Edward says

"Your worst fear has come true. Alone and friendless, without a country of

your own.", to which a visibly affected Arch hangs up.



Edward is shown in a public scene with Ulysses where he declines the offer

to run counter-intelligence for the Russians. Ulysses notes that Edward does

not want his son's fiancée to become a part of the family and that "neither of

us can trust her." Edward offers the dollar bill from the opening scene to

Ulysses' aide, saying "it's a cardinal rule to be generous in a democracy."

Perhaps he is betraying the aide as the CIA spy codenamed "Cardinal" and

repaying the debt he owes Ulysses for ending Edward Jr.'s dangerous

engagement. In an alternate interpretation of this scene, Edward returns the

dollar bill from the opening scene to Ulysses' aide, thereby confirming the

aide's recruitment as a double agent for the CIA, right under Ulysses' nose.

In the opening scene, Edward's assistant had stated "Cardinal is interested."



Edward convenes with Margaret and Edward, Jr. in the aforementioned

Congolese room prior to the wedding ceremony. Sensing the tension,

Edward, Jr. offers to pour champagne for them. His parents both toast to

Edward, Jr.'s happiness.



Later, Edward, Jr. and the wedding party are at the church awaiting the

bride's arrival. The film shows the woman boarding a small plane with her

wedding dress in hand. Halfway through the flight, the crew opens the door

and throws the bride out of the plane. Edward, arriving late to the church,

informs his son of the death of his fiancée, something that he has apparently

arranged. When Edward Jr. reveals that she was pregnant, the viewer sees

the stunned look on Edward;s face; he has not only permanently alienated

his son but also killed his grandchild. Margaret is quick to accuse Edward of

playing a role in the death; Edward emotionally embraces his son after

learning his son's future bride was pregnant, but as a CIA agent the son will

surely and quickly realize that she was killed because she had been a

Russian spy.



Upon returning home, Edward opens his father's sealed suicide note, which

reveals that his father was a traitor, and burns it. Although his emotions have

largely been frozen since hearing his father shoot himself, his carefree role

in the Yale drama production and his romance with Laura seems to show

another side of him that could have developed if he had not devoted himself

virtually full time to government service. The film again displays itself as in

part the story of Edward's gain of the whole world but loss of his soul. The

motto from the Gospel of John inscribed at the entrance to the new CIA

building--"Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall set ye free"--has had

just the opposite effect on Edward's life.



The film ends with Edward at the new CIA headquarters where he will be

the head of counter-intelligence and his fellow Skull and Bones classmate,

Hayes, will be CIA director.



The Order of Skull and Bones, once known as The Brotherhood of

Death,[1] is a secret society based at Yale University, in New

Haven, Connecticut.



It is one of the oldest student secret societies, rivalling Phi Beta Kappa,

also originally a secret society, in prestige. Over time, Phi Beta Kappa

evolved into an overt honorary society to which academically achieving U.S.

undergraduates may aspire. Yale's Skull and Bones retained its selective

membership, masonic-inspired rituals, and other aspects that have

engendered 175 years of glamour, notoriety, and mystery. The society's

alumni organization, which owns its properties and oversees undergraduate

activity, is the Russell Trust Association, named after one of Bones'

founding members.



Bones and the U.S. Intelligence Community

Skull & Bones has been associated inaccurately with the U.S. Intelligence

Community. Movies such as The Good Shepherd perpetuate the notion

that entry into that wing of service to the country hinges on membership to

Bones. CIA founder James Jesus Angleton attended Yale, but was not

a Bonesman. Richard Bissell (Bay of Pigs) declined the offer of a Tap to

join (he was an Elizabethan Club member, although his brother was a

Bonesman). Richard Helms (DCI 1966-1973) attended Williams College.

Allen W. Dulles (DCI 1953-1961) attended Princeton. Recent former CIA

Director Porter Goss, Yale '60, was a member of Book and Snake,

and Goss and classmate John Negroponte, the first Director of

National Intelligence, who was a member of the Elihu Society, were

both in the Fence Club, Yale's name for the Psi Upsilon fraternity.

While Bones may not be "the" incubator for future CIA operatives, or have

been such for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS, considered the

predecessor to the CIA), it would be accurate to note that a disproportionate

number of Yale graduates have led and staffed the intelligence community;

for example, George H.W. Bush, Director of the CIA, January 30 1976 -

January 20, 1977, and Nathan Hale, patriot, had noteworthy careers.

Yale also lent the term 'spook' (designating a secret society member) as a

colloquial term for anyone in espionage.[citation needed]

For more on Yale graduates' and faculty influences on the formation of the

intelligence agencies, see the book Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret

War, 1939-1961 by historian Robin W. Winks.



Asset Management & Financial Associations

The Russell Trust Association is the business name for the Skull and

Bones society.

In 1943, by special act of the Connecticut state legislature, its trustees

were granted an exemption from filing corporate reports with the

Secretary of State, which is normally a requirement.

From 1978 onward, business of the Russell Trust Association was

handled by its single trustee, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. partner

John B. Madden, Jr. Madden started with Brown Brothers

Harriman in 1946, under senior partner Prescott Bush, George

Herbert Walker Bush's father.

On its 2004 Form 990, the Russell Trust Association reported

$3,205,143 in net assets.[citation needed]





The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of

the United States government. Its primary function is obtaining and

analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and

persons, and reporting such information to the branches of the government.

Its secondary function is propaganda or public relations, overt and

covert information dissemination, both true and false, and influencing others

to decide in favor of the U.S. government. The third function of the CIA is

as the hidden hand of the federal government, by engaging in covert

operations at the direction of the President.[5] This last function has

caused much controversy for the CIA, raising questions about the legality,

morality, effectiveness, and intelligence of such operations.



Its headquarters are in the community of Langley in the McLean CDP of

Fairfax County, Virginia, a few miles Northwest from downtown

Washington, D.C. along the Potomac River. The CIA is part of the

U.S. Intelligence Community, led by the Director of National

Intelligence (DNI). The role and functions of the CIA are roughly

equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence

Service (MI6), the Canadian Security Intelligence Service

(CSIS), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) and

Israel's Mossad.



The CIA is sometimes referred to as Other Government Agencies (or

OGA), in government and military parlance and also colloquially as The

Agency, The Company or The Corporation. The term OGA is used when

the CIA's presence is an open secret, but cannot be officially confirmed.[6][7]



The Central Intelligence Agency was created with the National Security Act of 1947 signed

by President Harry S Truman, is the descendant of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) of

World War II, which was dissolved in October 1945 and its functions transferred to the

State and War Departments. But the need for a postwar centralized intelligence system

was clearly recognized. Eleven months earlier, in 1944, William J. Donovan (a.k.a. Wild

Bill Donovan), the OSS's creator, proposed to President Franklin D. Roosevelt creating a

new espionage organization directly supervised by the President: "which will procure

intelligence both by overt and covert methods and will at the same time provide

intelligence guidance, determine national intelligence objectives, and correlate the

intelligence material collected by all government agencies."[8] Under his plan, a powerful,

centralized civilian agency would have coordinated all the intelligence services. He also

proposed that this agency have authority to conduct "subversive operations abroad," but

"no police or law enforcement functions, either at home or abroad."[9]



Despite opposition from the military establishment, the State Department and the Federal

Bureau of Investigation (FBI)[8], President Truman established the Central Intelligence

Group in January 1946.[10] Later, under the National Security Act of 1947 (effective

September 18, 1947), the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency

were established. Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter was appointed as the first Director

of Central Intelligence.





In the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency, several disposed Nazi operational

agents were recruited as U.S. secret agents, yet formed just a minor portion of the agents

at that time; they were induced financially and promised exemption from criminal

prosecution and trial for war crimes committed during World War II.[11] Additionally, many

scientists were also extracted from Germany in order to aid the U.S.; their recruitment

was under aegis of Operation Paperclip.



The now declassified National Security Council Directive on Office of Special Projects,

June 18, 1948 (NSC 10/2) provided the operating instructions for the CIA:





In 1949, the Central Intelligence Agency Act (a.k.a. Public Law 81-110) was passed,

permitting the agency's using confidential, fiscal, and administrative procedures, and

exempting it from most of the usual limitations on the use of federal funds. The act also

exempted the CIA from having to disclose its "organization, functions, officials, titles,

salaries, or numbers of personnel employed." It also created the program "PL-110", to

handle defectors and other "essential aliens" who fall outside normal immigration

procedures, as well as giving those persons cover stories and economic support.[13] By

1949, the West German intelligence agency Bundesnachrichtendienst, under Reinhard

Gehlen, was under the CIA's control.





In 1950, the CIA organized the Pacific Corporation, the first of many CIA private

enterprises. Director Hillenkoetter approved Project BLUEBIRD, the CIA's first mind control

program. In 1951, the Columbia Broadcasting System began co-operating with the CIA;

President Truman created the Office of Current Intelligence; Project BLUEBIRD was

renamed Project ARTICHOKE.



During the first years of its existence, other branches of government did not exercise

much control over the Central Intelligence Agency; justified by the desire to match and

defeat KGB actions throughout the globe, a task many believed could be accomplished

only through an approach as equally ungentlemanly as the KGB's, consequently, few in

government closely inquired about the CIA's activity. The rapid expansion of the CIA,

and a developed sense of independence under the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI)

Allen Dulles added to this trend.





Things came to a head in the early 1970s, around the time of the Watergate political

burglary affair. A dominant feature of political life during that period were the attempts

of Congress to assert oversight of U.S. Presidency, the executive branch of the U.S.

Government. Revelations about past CIA activities, such as assassinations and attempted

assassinations of foreign leaders, illegal domestic spying on U.S. citizens, provided the

opportunities to execute Congressional oversight of U.S. intelligence operations.

Hastening the Central Intelligence Agency's fall from grace were the burglary of the

Watergate headquarters of the Democratic Party by ex-CIA agents, and President Nixon's

subsequent use of the CIA to impede the FBI's investigation of the burglary. In the

famous "smoking gun" audio tape provoking President Nixon's resignation, Nixon

ordered his chief of staff, H.R. Haldeman, to tell the CIA that further investigation of

Watergate would "open the whole can of worms" about the Bay Of Pigs of Cuba, and,

therefore, that the CIA should tell the FBI to cease investigating the Watergate burglary,

due to reasons of "national security".[14]



DCI James R. Schlesinger had commissioned reports on past CIA crimes; the reports,

known as "The Family Jewels", were kept close to the Agency's chest until Seymour

Hersh broke the news in an article, in the New York Times, that the CIA had assassinated

foreign leaders, and had kept files on some seven thousand American citizens involved in

the peace movement (Operation CHAOS). Congress investigated the CIA in the Senate via

the Church committee, named after its chairman, Frank Church (D-Idaho), and in the

House of Representatives via the Pike committee, named after its chairman Otis Pike (D-

N.Y.); and these investigations provoked further politically embarrassing disclosures.

Around Christmas of 1974–5, Congress struck another blow for governmental oversight

when they blocked covert military intervention in the civil war in Angola. Subsequently,

the CIA was prohibited from assassinating foreign leaders.



Further, President Gerald Ford, responding to protests about the intrusive activities of the

CIA, set up a "Citizens' Commission" on January 4, 1975 to investigate whether it had

spied on Americans inside the U.S. in violation of its charter. The CIA's charter was

again enforced, with the FBI solely responsible for investigating U.S. citizens.



Repercussions from the Iran-Contra arms smuggling scandal included the creation of the

Intelligence Authorization Act in 1991. It defined covert operations as secret missions in

geopolitical areas where the U.S. is neither openly nor apparently engaged. This also

required an authorizing chain of command, including an official, presidential finding

report and the informing of the House and Senate Intelligence Committees, which, in

emergencies, requires only "timely notification".



In 1988, President George H. W. Bush became the first former chief of the CIA to be

elected President of the United States.

Previously, the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) oversaw the Intelligence

Community, serving as the president's principal intelligence advisor, additionally serving

as head of the Central Intelligence Agency. The DCI's title now is "Director of the

Central Intelligence Agency" (DCIA), serving as head of the CIA.



Currently, the Central Intelligence Agency reports to U.S. Congressional committees, but

also answers directly to the President. The National Security Advisor is a permanent

member of the cabinet, responsible for briefing the President with pertinent information

collected by all U.S. intelligence agencies, including the National Security Agency, the

Drug Enforcement Administration, et cetera; all fifteen Intelligence Community agencies are

under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence.



Many of the post-Watergate restrictions upon the Central Intelligence Agency were lifted

after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the

The Pentagon. Some critics charge this violates the requirement in the U.S. Constitution

that the federal budget be openly published. However, 52 years earlier, in 1949, Congress

and President Harry Truman had approved arrangements that CIA and national

intelligence funding could be hidden in the U.S federal budget.



Agency seal









The heraldic symbol of the CIA consists of 3 representative parts: the left-facing bald

eagle head atop, the compass star (or compass rose), and the shield. The eagle is the

national bird, standing for strength and alertness. The 16-point compass star represents

the CIA's world-wide search for intelligence outside the United States, which is then

reported to the headquarters for analysis, reporting, and re-distribution to policymakers.

The compass rests upon a shield, symbolic of defense and intelligence.



Structure



• Director of the Central Intelligence Agency(DCIA) – The head of the CIA is given

the title of the DCIA. The act that created the CIA in 1947 also created a Director

of Central Intelligence (DCI) to serve as head of the United States intelligence

community, act as the principal adviser to the President for intelligence matters

related to the national security, and serve as head of the Central Intelligence

Agency. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 amended

the National Security Act to provide for a Director of National Intelligence who

would assume some of the roles formerly fulfilled by the DCI, with a separate

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

• Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DDCIA) – Assists the Director

in his duties as head of the CIA and exercises the powers of the Director when the

Director’s position is vacant or in the Director’s absence or disability.

• Associate Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (ADD) – Created July 5,

2006, the ADD was delegated all authorities and responsibilities vested previously

in the post of Executive Director. The post of Executive Director, which was

responsible for managing the CIA on a day-to-day basis, was simultaneously

abolished.[15]

• Associate Director for Military Support (AD/MS) – The DCIA's principal advisor and

representative on military issues. The AD/MS coordinates Intelligence

Community efforts to provide Joint Force commanders with timely, accurate

intelligence. The AD/MS also supports Department of Defense officials who

oversee military intelligence training and the acquisition of intelligence systems

and technology. A senior general officer, the AD/MS ensures coordination of

Intelligence Community policies, plans and requirements relating to support to

military forces in the intelligence budget.









Directorates and

other offices

• The Directorate of Intelligence, the analytical branch of the CIA, is responsible for

the production and dissemination of all-source intelligence analysis on key

foreign issues.[16]

• The National Clandestine Service, a semi-independent service which was formerly

the Directorate of Operations, is responsible for the clandestine collection of

foreign intelligence and covert action.

• The Directorate of Science & Technology creates and applies innovative technology

in support of the intelligence collection mission.[17]

• The Directorate of Support provides the mission critical elements of the Agency's

support foundation: people, security, information, property, and financial

operations. Most of this Directorate is sub-structured into smaller offices based on

role and purpose, such as the CIA Office of Security.

• The Center for the Study of Intelligence maintains the Agency's historical materials

and promotes the study of intelligence as a legitimate and serious discipline.[18]

• The Office of the General Counsel advises the Director of the Central Intelligence

Agency on all legal matters relating to his role as CIA director and is the principal

source of legal counsel for the CIA.[19]

• The Office of Inspector General promotes efficiency, effectiveness, and

accountability in the administration of Agency activities. OIG also seeks to

prevent and detect fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement. The Inspector

General is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The Inspector

General, whose activities are independent of those of any other component in the

Agency, reports directly to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. OIG

conducts inspections, investigations, and audits at Headquarters and in the field,

and oversees the Agency-wide grievance-handling system. The OIG provides a

semiannual report to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency which the

Director is required by law to submit to the Intelligence Committees of Congress

within 30 days.

• The Office of Public Affairs advises the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

on all media, public policy, and employee communications issues relating to his

role as CIA director and is the CIA’s principal communications focal point for the

media, the general public and Agency employees.[20]

• The Office of Military Affairs provides intelligence and operational support to the

US armed forces.[21]



Relationship with other agencies



The CIA acts as the primary American provider of central intelligence estimates. It is

believed to make use of the surveillance satellites of the National Reconnaissance Office

(NRO) and the signal interception capabilities of the National Security Agency (NSA),

including the ECHELON system, the surveillance aircraft of the various branches of the

U.S. armed forces and the analysts of the State Department and Department of Energy. At

one point, the CIA even operated its own fleet of U-2 and A-12 OXCART surveillance

aircraft. The agency has also operated alongside regular military forces, and also employs

a group of clandestine officers with paramilitary skills in its Special Activities Division.

Johnny Michael "Mike" Spann, a CIA officer killed in November 2001 during the U.S.

invasion of Afghanistan, was one such individual. The CIA also has strong links with other

foreign intelligence agencies such as the UK's MI6, Canada's CSIS, Israel's Mossad, and

Australia's ASIS. Further, it is currently believed to be financing several Counterterrorist

Intelligence Centers. One of these, known under the codename of Alliance Base, was

allegedly set up in Paris and jointly run in cooperation with France's DGSE. Although

classified, the CIA may also be actively cooperating with India's RAW and possibly

Russia's SVR. The CIA worked extensively with Pakistan's ISI throughout the Afghan-

Soviet War, and works with this agency closely for the War on Terror.

References

1. ^ Public affairs FAQ. cia.gov. Retrieved on 2006-07-28. However, it was made

public for several years in the late 1990s. In 1997 it was of $26.6 billion and in 1998 it

was $26.7 billion

2. ^ Dave Kopel. CIA Budget: An Unnecessary Secret. Retrieved on 1997-07-

28.

3. ^ Cloak Over the CIA Budget. Retrieved on 1999-11-29.

4. ^ CIA Frequently Asked Questions. cia.gov. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.

5. ^ CIA Vision, Mission, and Values. cia.gov. Retrieved on 2006-07-16.

6. ^ Nir Rosen. Unsavory allies stack CIA's deck. post-gatzette.com. Retrieved on

2003-08-24.

7. ^ R. Jeffrey Smith. Soldier Described White House Interest. Yurica Report.

Retrieved on 2004-06-09.

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Further reading

• Andrew, Christopher (1996). For the President's Eyes Only. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-

00-638071-9.

• Baer, Robert (2003). See No Evil: The True Story of a Ground Soldier in the CIA's

War on Terrorism. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 1-4000-4684-X.

• Baer, Robert (2003). Sleeping With the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for

Saudi Crude. Crown. ISBN 1-4000-5021-9.

• Bearden, Milton;James Risen (2003). The Main Enemy: The Inside Story of the

CIA's Final Showdown With the KGB. Random House. ISBN 0-679-46309-7.

• Blum, William (2003). Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World

War II. Common Courage Press. ISBN 1-56751-252-6.

• Chile and the United States: Declassified Documents relating to the Military Coup,

1970-1976. National Security Archives Online. Retrieved on September 11, 1998.

• Chomsky, Noam (2003). Hegemony or Survival. Henry Holt & Co.. ISBN 0-8050-

7688-3. Also Deterring Democracy, also 9/11

• Cockburn, Alexander (October 1999). Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press.

Verso. ISBN 1-8598-4258-5.

• Johnson, Loch K. (1991). America's Secret Power: The CIA in a Democratic

Society. Oxford University Press.

• Kessler, Ronald (1992, reissue 1994). Inside the CIA. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-

73458-X.

• Littell, Robert (2002). The Company: A Novel of the CIA. New York: Overlook

Press. ISBN 978-1585671977.

• Mahle, Melissa Boyle (2004). Denial and Deception: An Insider's View of the

CIA from Iran-Contra to 9/11. Nation Books. ISBN 1-56025-649-4.

• McCoy, Alfred W. (2003). The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global

Drug Trade. Lawrence Hill Books. 1556524838. CIA involvement with the drug

trade since World War 2 to present day.

• Mendez, Antonio J. (1999). Master of Disguise: My Secret Life in the CIA. William

Morrow and Company, Inc. ISBN 0-06-095791-3.

• Moran, Lindsay (2005). Blowing My Cover: My Life as a CIA Spy and Other

Misadventures. Berkley Books. ISBN 0-425-20562-2.

• Prouty, L. Fletcher (April 1973). The Secret Team: The CIA and Its Allies in Control

of the United States and the World. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-798173-2.

• Scott, Peter Dale; Jonathan Marshall (April 1998). Cocaine Politics: Drugs,

Armies, and the CIA in Central America. University of California Press.

0520214498. CIA involvement in the drug trade during the US backed Contra

war with Nicaragua.

• Saunders, Frances Stonor (1999). The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World

of Arts and Letters. New Press. ISBN 1-56584-664-8. (AKA, Who Paid the

Piper?: CIA and the Cultural Cold War 1999 Granta [UK edition])

• Smith, Jr., W. Thomas (2003). Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency.

Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-4667-0.

• Webb, Gary (May 1999). Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack

Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press. 1888363932.

• Westerfield, H. Bradford (1997). Inside CIA's Private World: Declassified Articles

from the Agency's Internal Journal, 1955-1992. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-

300-07264-3.

• Woodward, Bob (1988). Veil. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-66159-0.





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency

OFFICIAL CIA SITE

http://www.cia.gov/

United States Masonic History



Many of the leaders of the American Revolution such as Washington and

Franklin were Masons, but according to the Masonic writer Charles Van Cott,

more Masons remained loyal to the crown than to the colonial cause and at the

start of the revolt only one of the one hundred or so lodges sided with the

patriots. Washington joined the Masonic order in 1752 and at the time of his

election as president was serving as Master of his lodge. Benedict Arnold was

also a Mason.



Masonic orators and writers sometimes get carried away and assert that most of

the signers of the Declaration of Independence were Masons, but the evidence of

Masonic affiliation for many of these signers is flimsy or nonexistent. A recent

publication of the Masonic Service Association identifies only nine of the fifty-six

signers as Freemasons, and some historians put the figure at eight. (Pg. 15-16)



Freemasons did play a more significant, but certainly not dominate, role in

creating the American Constitution. A document whose purposes have been

summarized by President Wilson in his book, Division and Reunion, as follows,



The Federal government was not by intention a democratic government. In plan

and structure it had been meant to check the sweep and power of popular

majorities. The senate, it was believed, would be a stronghold of conservatism, if

not of aristocracy and wealth. The President, it was expected, would be the

choice of representative men acting in the electoral college, and not of the

people. The Federal judiciary was looked to, with its virtually permanent

membership, to hold the entire structure of national politics in nice balance

against all disturbing influences, whether of popular impulse or of official

overbearance.



Only in the house of representatives were the people to be accorded an

immediate audience and a direct means of making their will effective in affairs.

THE GOVERNMENT HAD, IN FACT, BEEN ORIGINATED AND ORGANIZED

UPON THE INITIATIVE AND PRIMARILY IN THE INTEREST OF THE

MERCANTILE AND WEALTHY CLASSES (emphasis added). Originally

conceived as an effort to accommodate commercial disputes between the States,

it had been urged to adoption by a minority, under the concerted and aggressive

leadership of able men representing a ruling class. The Federalists not only had

on their side the power of convincing argument, but also the pressure of a strong

and intelligent class, possessed of unity and informed by a conscious solidarity of

material interests.

President Wilson's assessment of the motivations of the Masonic framers of the

constitution is restrained compared to the case built by Allan L. Benson in his

book Our Dishonest Constitution (B. W. Huebsch:1914). He remarks, 'If the patriot

fathers were still living and doing business as they did 125 years ago we should

call many of them grafters' (pg. 5).



The historical precedent for a massive conspiracy to cover-up an assassination

occurred in the early 19th century, when Captain William Morgan was abducted

and murdered by Freemasons for his efforts to expose the organization's inner

working. The crime, which led to the formation to the first third party political

movement in this country, was described in The Address to the People of the

United States issued from the United States Anti-Masonic Party convention, held

in 1830:



In 1826, William Morgan, your free fellow citizen, was, by highly exalted

members of the Masonic fraternity, with unlawful violence, seized,--

secretly transported through the country more than one hundred

miles, to a fortress of the United States, then in charge of

freemasons, who had prepared it for his reception,-- there

imprisoned, several days and nights, against his utmost efforts to

escape,-- and after suffering the most unmanly insults, and the

most inhuman abuse, he was privately murdered. Previously to his

seizure, numerous meetings of freemasons, in lodges and

otherwise, were held for the purpose of contriving and adopting the

most certain means of carrying into effect, their unlawful objects

upon him. These meeting were attended, and the designs of them

approved, by several hundred of the most respectable and

intelligent of the Masonic brethren. They included legislators,

judges, sheriffs, clergymen, generals, physicians, and lawyers. And

they proceeded in discharge of, what they deemed, their Masonic

duties.



After the crime was exposed, a massive cover-up was required and executed by

the Masonic brotherhood. It was also described in The Address to the People of

the United States:



In this alarming emergency, the agents of government seemed

paralyzed. Our public institutions for the preservation of tranquillity,

and the repression of crime, seemed nugatory.... No arts were left

untried by freemasons to baffle the pursuit of truth, and defeat the

administration of justice. The lion's grip of the order was upon our

courts, and loyalty to that, displaced fealty to the state.



A large proportion of the constables, justices of the peace, lawyers,

judges, sheriffs, and jurymen, of the counties where these acts

were performed, were members of the society, and had taken oaths

binding them,..., to conceal each other's crimes. The high sheriffs

were all masons, and at that time, summoned as grand jurors, at

their discretion, any such men as had the common qualifications.



The preface to former President John Quincy Adams's 1847 book Letters on the

Masonic Institution describes the implementation of the crime:



That so many men, at so many separate points, should have acted

in perfect concert in such business as they were engaged in, would

scarcely be believed, without compelling the inference of some

distinct understanding existing between them. That they should

have carried into effect the most difficult part of their undertaking, a

scheme of the most daring and criminal nature, in the midst of a

large, intelligent and active population, without thereby incurring the

risk of a full conviction of their guilt and the consequent

punishment, would be equally incredible, but for the light furnished

by the phraseology of the Masonic oath.



The preface goes on to say of the oaths:



Upon the first hasty and superficial glance, a feeling

might arise of surprise that the frivolity of its

unmeaning ceremonial, and ridiculous substitution of

its fictions for the sacred history, should not long ago

discredited the thing in the minds of good and

sensible men everywhere. Yet upon closer and more

attentive examination, this first feeling vanishes, and

makes way for astonishment at the ingenious

contrivance displayed in the construction of the whole

machine. A more perfect agent for the devising and

execution of conspiracies against the church or state

could scarcely have been conceived.



The preface also describes difficulties in energizing the public

against the conspirators:



Multitudes preferred to believe the Masonic oaths and

penalties to be ceremonies, childish, ridiculous and

unmeaning, rather than to suppose them intrinsically

and incurably vicious. They refused to credit the fact

that men whom they respected as citizens could have

made themselves parties to any promise whatsoever

to do acts illegal, unjust and wicked. Rather than to go

so far, they preferred to throw themselves into a state

of resolute unbelief of all that could be said against

them.

The results of the Anti-Masonic movement were described in the Anti-

Masonic Scrap Book, published by the National Christian

Association in 1883.



The excitement caused by Morgan's abduction and murder lasted

ten years. And Daniel Webster, Edward Everett, John Quincy

Adams, John Marshal, Wm. H. Seward, Thaddeus Stevens, and

other great men condemned the lodge in the strongest languages

men can use. The lodges feigned dead in the free States, and hid

beyond discussion in the slave. The Anti-Masonic army disbanded,

and the lodges silently crept back into power.



This 19th century event could be dismissed, as an irrelevant bit of

Masonic history, except upon investigation one finds Freemasonry

has not been inactive. It has been identified as the parent of a

violent and far right American organization, the Ku Klux Klan. In the

book Christianity and American Freemasonry, by William J Whalen,

on pages 17-18 we find:



A former Confederate general and Freemason, Nathan Bedford

Forrest, founded the Ku Klux Klan and served as its first Imperial

Wizard. Albert Pike held the office of Chief Justice of the Ku Klux Klan

while he was simultaneously Sovereign Grand Commander of the

Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction. Pike's racism was well known.

He expressed his concept of Masonic brotherhood succinctly: "I

took my obligation to White men, not to Negroes. When I have to

accept Negroes as brothers or leave Masonry, I shall leave it."

Some believe Pike concocted the ritual for the original KKK.



In The Ku Klux Klan by William Pierce Randel, on page 200 we

learn:



The Klan shared its Protestant restrictiveness with the Masons and

more than once sought to capitalize on the parallel. Kleagles

commonly remarked to prospects, in an offhand manner, that 'the

Klan is, in fact, a Masonic movement.' Many leading Klansmen, in

both the old Klan and the new were Masons; [Hiram] Evans himself

gained the 32nd degree.



The institution of Freemasonry remains largely segregated even today.



Another Masonic spin-off created after the Civil War was the Knights

of Labor. This organization, originally created as a secret society, can

be viewed as a fascinating case study of a failed attempt to use an

elaborate, cult like, 'value system' to suppress political activism and

control the labor movement. In his book Inside the Brotherhood, Martin

Short points out, "It seems wherever Masons have common

political aims, but cannot pursue them through Freemasonry, they

set up parallel public movements (pg. 239).



Martin Short describes how the OSS, later to become the CIA,

reintroduced Freemasonry into Italy after WWII as a tool "to prop up

a sickly democracy threatened by Soviet-inspired destabilization

and the prospect of a communist election victory" (pg 399). From

1970 through 1981 a far right Masonic lodge, P2, with links to Ronald

Reagan, the Republican party, the CIA, British Intelligence and

British Freemasonry are now believed to have been preparing for a

coup against "clerico-Communists", should they seize power (pg.

399-401). This lodge was disbanded when its activities became

public.



The P2 case is a documented modern example of a Masonic lodge

positioned as an extra-governmental body for the execution a coup.

It is therefore not implausible to suggest that elements within the

American Masonic lodges successfully executed a coup in the

United States by assassinating President John F. Kennedy. In his

book, Freemasonry in American History, the Masonic scholar, A. E.

Roberts identifies some of the Masonic participants in the

investigation of the Kennedy assassination,



Johnson had received the Entered Apprentice Degree in Johnson

City Lodge No. 561, Texas, on October 30, 1937. Reasons for him

going no farther are unclear. Until the 1850s becoming an Entered

Apprentice made a man a full member of the lodge conferring the

degree. During the 1850s all Grand Lodges adopted laws making

the Master Mason (or Third) degree the criteria for a man to be

considered a Freemason. Before then, all Masonic business was

conducted in the First Degree (and still is in some foreign

countries). With the adoption of the new law, business can be

considered only in a Master Mason Lodge.



One of Johnson's first acts was to order the Federal Bureau of

Investigation to check every aspect of the assassination. The FBI

was headed by J. EDGAR HOOVER, who had become a member

of Federal Lodge No. 1, District of Columbia, on November 9,

1920... But the public wanted more answers concerning the murder

of the President than any agency could provide. So, on January 29,

1963, Johnson issued an executive order creating a special

commission. It would take the name of the man chosen to head it,

Chief Justice EARL WARREN.

Warren, a Past Grand Master of Masons in California, was joined

on the Commission by two other known Freemasons. They were

Senator RICHARD B. RUSSELL, a member of Winder Lodge No.

33, Georgia, and Representative GERALD R. FORD of Michigan.

John Sherman Cooper, Hale Boggs, Allen W. Dulles, and John J.

McCloy made up the balance of the Commission. (pg. 379)



It is difficult to reliably determine if other members of the Warren

Commission were also Freemasons, because no published records

of membership exist. Even Mr. A. E. Roberts, who should have

excellent access to Masonic sources of information, qualifies his list

of Masonic participants on the Warren Commission to describe

'known Freemasons'. It is clear that millions of Americans have

taken the Masonic oaths to secrecy and obedience. These would

include people in the government and the media, historical,

scientific and medical professions.



It is quite possible Masonic elements representing many interests

conferred and reached a consensus on Kennedy's fate, as occurred in

the Morgan case in 1826, each knowing their discussions would be

held in confidence.



Their motives would probably be to protect and advance business

interests and their social positions (wealth and power). These

would include:



• Taking the presidency for Freemason Lyndon B. Johnson

• Protecting his control of the FBI for Freemason J. Edgar

Hoover

• Eliminating Kennedy's softening position on communism, a

threat to a wide variety of American business interests

overseas

• Slowing the progress of the civil rights movement, an

irritation to the KKK

• Eliminating Kennedy's challenges to the CIA's leadership;

he'd fired CIA Director Allen Dulles (another Warren

Commission member) and Deputy Director Charles Cabell

• There is also an interesting religious element, at that time

Kennedy's Church, Catholicism, explicitly condemned

membership in Freemasonry "under pain of

excommunication". The level of hostility that Freemasons felt

toward Kennedy was documented in February 1960 issue of

New Age magazine, a Masonic publication, where Luther A.

Smith, Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite,

Southern Jurisdiction, told his readers:

"Whatever bigotry is in evidence in the United States

is exhibited solely by the Roman Catholic hierarchy;

that the Canon Law of the Roman Church and the

directives of the Pope validate the fears of the people

that the dual allegiance of American Catholics is a

present danger to our free institutions, and lastly that

the people in passing upon the qualifications of a

Catholic candidate for the Presidency will be guided

by their knowledge of history and their great store of

plain old-fashioned common horse sense, and their

innate caution not to gamble when their LIBERTIES

AND THE NATIONAL SECURITY ARE AT STAKE

(emphasis added).



Among American citizens there should be no question

or suspicion of allegiance to any foreign power, but in

the case of the Roman Catholic citizen, his church is

the guardian of his conscience and asserts that he

must obey its laws and decrees even if they are in

conflict with the Constitution and laws of the United

States."



CIA resources developed in the anti-Castro campaign Kennedy

was canceling, and redirected against the internal threat, Kennedy,

probably executed the assassination. The investigation, which

followed the assassination, was overseen and directed by

Freemasons, who could influence the selection of the rest of the

investigative team and effectively control the results.



The Kennedy assassination appears to have been part a campaign

of assassinations against a generation of leaders, who posed

challenges to the entrenched power structure. The death toll

included John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr.

and Malcolm X. Viewed as a whole, one is driven to the conclusion

that the anyone advocating or supporting serious social reforms

(share the wealth and power) will not be tolerated in a leadership

position. You can read The CIA's Greatest Hits by Mark Zepezauer

for an overview of the assassination cases. These assassinations

suggest the merger of KKK ethics with CIA resources and

techniques.



If we agree with Michael Morrissey's analysis in the article, Rethinking

Chomsky, which states that it is irrefutable that Kennedy was planning

to withdraw from Vietnam 'by the end of 1965' and that Freemason

Lyndon Johnson reversed Kennedy's policy toward Vietnam, it is

clear that the escalating involvement in the Vietnam conflict was

driven by the Freemasons who seized control of the United States

government after the assassination of President Kennedy. Both the

American and Vietnamese peoples paid dearly in both squandered

resources and lost lives to pursue the dubious objectives of the

illegitimate Masonic leadership.



The CIA and modern Freemasonry can be viewed as tools for

America's corporate ruling elite. The CIA principally focused on

influencing events overseas, Freemasonry's old-boy and

increasingly old-girl networks used to influence domestic interests.

The assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X and the

Kennedy's revealed the undemocratic and brutal character of

America's ruling elates and demonstrates their ultimate control of

modern society. The domestic campaign of social repression and

control seems to have moved from assassinations to manipulation of the

media, intimidation, harassment and reprisals against any person or

organization, which pose a challenge to business interests or the

entrenched power structure.



As Americans are bombarded by the media with distortions and

distracted by trumped up issues, often designed to divide the

public, a massive consolidation of wealth has occurred, labor

unions crushed, social welfare programs attacked and media

outlets consolidated. The government and the judiciary have made

a dramatic move to the right, essentially erasing much of the 'New

Deal'. A case can be made that the government helped foment the

recent 'terrorist' attacks in Oklahoma and at the World Trade Center to protect

the massive military budget and advance the enactment of broad

new police powers, which strip away American civil liberties and

protect the entrenched power structure. It is remarkable that no

effective voice has been raised in opposition, until one realizes we

have lost those voices. We have a new generation of "pro-

business" Democrats and a history of ineffective or, more likely,

dishonest civil rights, union and progressive political leadership.





A Masonic conspiracy addresses all the points raised by Chomsky

at the start of this article:



• It provides historical precedents

• It provides an existing organizational structure capable of

covering-up the crime

• It explains the absence of internal records

• It provides many potential motives.

The larger question, which still needs to be answered, was asked in

an American Anti-Masonic pamphlet published in 1829 and holds

true for today:



Ought a secret society to exist amongst us whose

members can commit murder and yet escape

punishment? MASONS HAVE done this, and their

brethren ... are sworn to protect them.



Fellow citizens, are men bound by such obligations

and possessing such principals, FIT to be rulers of a

FREE PEOPLE."



It also warned us:



It is to be hoped that an institution whose very

principles lead directly to such horrid outrages, and

which is entirely made up of dissimulation and fraud,

will be completely suppressed in this country and

throughout the world, and that a barrier be instituted

to prevent it from ever again polluting the earth with

its insidious influence. But the public must not expect

to accomplish this desirable object without unwanted

pains and incessant vigilance; their task is but

commencing, and, should they lack in circumspection

or perseverance, the monster will yet flourish with

more power and commit greater enormities than ever.







The very word "secrecy" is repugnant in a free and open society;

and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to

secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We

decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted

concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers, which

are cited to justify it.



John F. Kennedy—address to newspaper publishers, April 27, 1961





Resource:Acacia Press



http://freemasonrywatch.org/history101.html

Lifting lid on judges' secret society







Gerard Seenan

Wednesday February 19, 2003

The Guardian



An unprecedented legal hearing into a secret society which boasts some of

Scotland's top judges among its members opened in Edinburgh yesterday amid

claims the judges' membership breaches human rights law.



Lord Gill, Scotland's second most senior judge, ordered yesterday's appeal court

hearing into the Speculative Society after campaigners raised questions about its

influence. It was heard before three judges who were not members of the

"brotherhood".



Robbie the Pict, a veteran campaigner against tolls on the Skye bridge, told the

court of session in Edinburgh that the Speculative Society had an invited and

closed membership. He said judges who were members should not be allowed to

sit on Skye bridge cases because they might be biased, or at least give the

appearance of being biased.



The society was founded in 1764 by a group of Edinburgh luminaries. Its stated

aim was "the improvement of literary composition and public speaking" and, in its

own literature, it describes itself as "a sodality and a brotherhood bound by

intangible ties of shared loyalty and common tradition".



Its members have included Robert Louis Stevenson and Sir Walter Scott. Today

many of Scotland's most eminent judges - including its most senior, Lord Cullen -

are members. It meets twice a week in Edinburgh.



Robert Black, an Edinburgh university law professor and member of the Spec,

described it as a piece of "harmless fun".



"It is extraordinary that the hearing is taking place, but it is probably a good

thing," he said. "The Spec is just a debating society men get involved in for three

years in their mid-20s."



The hearing continues.



Special reports

Crime

Gun violence in Britain



The issue explained

22.02.2002: Police reform



Useful links

Metropolitan police

Police Federation

Victim support

Firearms manual - Association of Chief Police Officers

The Police Superintendents' Association

Justice



Massachusetts Sentinel and Enterprise



Masons CHIP in to help fight child abductions

By Diane C. Beaudoin Correspondent



LUNENBURG -- The town's public schools for the first time will be participating in a

child-identification program offered by the local police department and the local chapter

of the Freemasons of Massachusetts.



Freemasons have worked with police departments around the country to offer the so-

called CHIP program, short for Child Identification Program. It is a free service to

parents of school-age children and allows the children the opportunity to be identified in

case of abduction or other crime.



Roger E. Winchester, district deputy grand master of the Fitchburg 13th Masonic District,

and Chief of Police Daniel Bourgeois were on hand at the Thomas E. Passios Elementary

School to introduce the kickoff of the program.



"Over 100,000 kids have been in the program within the Commonwealth of

Massachusetts," Winchester said. "This program is considered the best identification

program by the FBI, and the Bureau of Missing Children."



The program entails fingerprinting, done by Lunenburg police; a dental imprint, which is

done by local dentists and hygenists; and a video, with the child talking about what they

like to do; and how to call 911 in case of emergency.



"The parents receive the entire kit for their safekeeping. It is part of the community

policing services," Bourgeois said. "With the situation going on all around us, this is a

help in dealing with exploited and missing children. It is a win-win situation."



Winchester noted that there have been incidences of a child being abducted, and a trained

dog finding the child by the saliva left on the dental imprint. "It also houses some DNA,"

Winchester said.



The Freemasons supply all the materials.

"We have already done the Leominster school system, both parochial and public schools.

We are hoping to get into the Fitchburg system as well," Winchester said.



The dates for Lunenburg will be Wednesday, Nov. 6, and Friday, Nov. 8. Any parents

interested in volunteering to help may contact T.C. Passios Elementary School.



http://www.prisonplanet.com/masons_chip_in_to_help_fight_child_abductions.html



Euro’s ‘Father’ Calls for Global Currency



EU Observer

05/01/04





Robert Mundell, the Nobel-prize winning economist often credited with paving the

way to the European single currency, has called for a global currency.



In an interview with French paper Libération, Mundell said: "With the emergence

of the euro and its instability against the dollar, Europe, the United States and the

Asian powers should come together and create a new international monetary

system."



However, this would not mean the end of the euro or the dollar. "Of course, one

would keep the dollar and the euro," Mundell explained. "This international

currency would be used in the large international exchanges, for movements of

capital and commercial transactions."

http://www.prisonplanet.com/050104_euros_father_calls_for_global_currency.html

Liberty groups attack plan for EU health ID card

http://www.prisonplanet.com/211003euidcard.html





London Telegraph



The European Union took its first step yesterday towards the creation of an EU-

wide health identity card able to store a range of biometric and personal data on

a microchip by 2008. Approved by Union ministers in Luxembourg, the plastic

disk will slide into the credit-card pouch of a wallet or purse.



The European Health Insurance Card is intended to end the bureaucratic misery

of E111 forms currently used by travellers who fall ill in other EU countries.

Eventually it will replace a plethora of other complex forms needed for longer

stays.



But civil liberties groups said it was the start of a scheme for a harmonised data

chip that would quickly evolve into an EU "identity card" containing intrusive

information off all kinds that could be read by a computer.



During the first phase from June 1 next year, each country will be able to choose

whether to include photographs, fingerprints and biometric data, such as eye

measurements, on the "national" side of the card. Britain is opting for a minimalist

version.



The European Commission said yesterday that the final phase in 2008 would add

a "smart chip" containing a range of data, including health files and records of

treatment received. "The ultimate objective is to have an electronic chip on the

card, as the technology improves," said a spokesman.



Tony Bunyan, the head of Statewatch, said it was part of a disturbing Union-wide

erosion of privacy since September 11 2001. "We all know where they're heading

with this," he said. "They want a single card with all our data on one chip. It'll be a

passport and driver's licence rolled into one with everything from our national

insurance numbers, bank accounts, to health records."



Plans for single EU driving license

http://www.propagandamatrix.com/plans_for_single_eu_driving_licence.htm



Plans for a single European driving licence have been unveiled - replacing more than 80

different types currently in use in the 15 EU member states.



The new plastic card European licence would carry all information on the driver on a

microchip, but the Brussels Commission rejected claims the move amounted to big

brother legislation.

Transport Commissioner Loyloa de Palacio said the idea was to remove one of the last

obstacles to the free movement of EU citizens.



"There are more than 80 different driving licence models with different entitlements and

validity periods currently circulating, and hardly any proper enforcement of driving

licences is possible," she said.



"It is time to equip European drivers with anti-fraud driving licences guaranteeing their

right to drive vehicles for which they have the required qualifications."



About 60% of the EU population - about 200 million people - hold a valid driving

licence, many of them using cars from cross-border trips between EU countries.



Harmonising the driving licence will benefit motorists because individual countries could

no longer apply differing restrictions on non-national licence holders.



If approved by EU governments, the new EU licence could be introduced by member

states with immediate effect or only brought in when existing national licences gradually

expire.



Fears of big brother legislation were dismissed because, said the Commissioner, the EU

already has laws protecting personal data. The new driving licence would contain no

more information than that which already appears on current driving licences in Europe.



The Commission also proposed a new package of road safety measures, co-ordinating

national road safety standards at European level to cut death and injuries on the roads.



Story filed: 13:22 Wednesday 22nd October 2003







EU plots travel surveillance system



http://www.propagandamatrix.com/050204euplots.html







The Register



Comment: Just as I said before, the EU's supposed opposition to the US on this

issue was just a smokescreen to make everybody go to sleep. Now they're

proposing surveillance measures which are GLOBAL and DWARF those of

CAPPS II.



Observers of the European Commission's negotiations with the US Department

of Homeland Security over the transfer of airline passenger data might easily run

away with the impression that the Commission has meekly capitulated to the US'

extraterritorial and unilateralist demands. A report into the Commission's

activities published this week by Privacy International however argues

persuasively that the Commission has used the US negotiations as a Trojan

Horse to aid the construction, first, of the EU's own surveillance and monitoring

systems, and second, of a global system.



So actually, we're not talking about a battle between US Big Brother on the one

hand and freedom and privacy loving Europe on the other; we are talking about a

general, and effectively global, effort to neuter, circumvent or overthrow privacy

protection legislation. As the Privacy International report says, "Starting with a

simple law in the US, the European Commission has negotiated a global

surveillance system tracking the movement of people."



Privacy International says the Commission "has engaged in a process of

systematic deception and subterfuge... Not only has it allowed key privacy rights

to be extinguished in a deal struck with the US last December, but it has also

failed to disclose its own intention to establish a more extensive regime in the

EU. The proposed EU surveillance system will be used not only for purposes of

anti-terrorism, but also for immigration, law enforcement and customs."



The Commission certainly has not advertised its intentions broadly, but the

processes whereby its initial apparent rejection of US demands were defanged,

and it moved from the position of opponent to accomplice, are fairly clear. The

EU cannot, Commissioner Bolkestein has argued, reasonably deny the US

access to information in the fight against terrorism when member states

themselves have such access. Having taken this somewhat dodgy (because

actually, this is precisely what the law says the EU can and should do) premise

on board, the Commission looks at the data requirements of the US, and

concludes, "The list of data elements also seems broad enough to accommodate

law enforcement needs in the EU. Nothing in the arrangements agreed with the

US therefore seems to prejudice the development of an appropriate EU policy."



Which is...? The report lists the EU vested interests who have a need to perform

radical surgery on Europe's data protection regime. "The Internal Market

Commission argued for an EU policy on access to PNR so that it could ensure

that it was not restricting access for the US to something that the EU member

states would have access to; while also arguing for a centralised solution to filter

out sensitive data. Meanwhile the Transport Commission wishes to establish an

international solution through the ICAO for immigration controls, and the Justice

and Home Affairs Commission aims to establish a centralised solution for access

by EU member states for law enforcement purposes."



The process that will result in the construction of a centralised European PNR

database system is particularly fascinating because of the way it's being pitched

as a protection mechanism and a convenience, rather than the foundation of a

travel surveillance system. Currently the US "pulls" the data from European

airlines' systems, i.e. its operatives can go into the airlines' systems and get it.

This is clearly unacceptable from a privacy point of view, because the airlines'

systems do not as yet differentiate between data that the US does not want or is

allowed to access, and data that it does want, and is allowed to access. So for

example they could access free text data in the comments field, and data on

flights that neither go to nor come from the US, because that data is held on the

system of an airline which flies to the US. The US is not of course going to do

this.



Airlines will however be moving over to a "push" system, where they send the

required data to the US in the required format. But this is going to be expensive,

and matching up US requirements with the requirements of individual EU states

will introduce confusions. So, it makes obvious sense for the EU to standardise

PNR disclosure requirements, collate them in its own central database, filter

them, then let the US have them. Cute, no?



ICAO, the International Civil Aviation Organisation, is the chosen vehicle for

taking the surveillance system international. The US and EU plan to take the

issue to ICAO with a view to constructing an international regime, and this could

then be ratified by the European Parliament "under the requirements of

international co-operation." Privacy International argues that the Commission, by

abandoning the protection of European privacy rights will remove Europe as an

ally for other countries coming under pressure from the US to weaken their

privacy regimes, and that the result will be "a race to the bottom for global privacy

protection."



A commentary on the report produced by the American Civil Liberties Union

says, "instead of the Europeans' civilised privacy regime rubbing off on the

United States, it appears that our Wild West legal regime is instead rubbing off

on them." But this seems to The Register to be unnecessary self-flagellation. It is

in the nature of states everywhere to attempt to erode rights, which is why (in

their occasional fits of altruism) they construct checks, balances, bills of rights,

constitutions and the like. These then have to be defended when these states

decide with hindsight that the fits of altruism were extreme, and should therefore

be amended. Which, we reckon, is what we have here.



Code: ZE03070206



Date: 2003-07-02



Vatican Proposes World Alliance for Integral Development



Would Include International Groups, Governments and Civil Society

GENEVA, JULY 2, 2003 (Zenit.org).- The Vatican proposed to the international

community an alliance in favor of integral development, based on the responsibility of

the haves to the have-nots.



The proposal was presented Tuesday before the U.N. Economic and Social Committee

(ECOSOC) by Archbishop Celestino Migliore, permanent observer of the Holy See

before the United Nations, when he addressed the panel's meeting on "Promoting an

Integral Approach to Rural Development in Developing Countries for Poverty

Eradication and Sustainable Development."



"The establishment of a strong development alliance, including international

organizations, governments, NGOs, civil society, agricultural businesses and farmers,

both from developed and developing countries, will acknowledge the unity of humanity,"

the archbishop said.



"This partnership must recognize that those more blessed with economic resources and

the power to use them are called in solidarity to address the plight of those who are

amongst the most vulnerable," he added.



"The unity of humankind itself is imperiled when international and national economic

inequities divide the members of the human family into unjustifiable economic castes,"

Archbishop Migliore warned.



"Furthermore, this alliance can also contribute to the maintenance of international peace

and security which the U.N. is obliged to advance. It can promote as well the

interrelationship of all peoples which will strengthen the bond of solidarity," he said.



"Moreover, there is the question of justice that must prevail in the economic world," he

said. "Recognition of the interrelationship and interdependency of the social, economic

and political interests of all countries and peoples will get the community of nations back

on track of furthering true justice.



"The material threats that challenge the developed nations today will be reduced and

perhaps even eliminated when poverty is alleviated. Genuine global prosperity and

progress depend on unification of the interests of all people."



The Vatican permanent observer appealed "for an integrated strategy that would

implement a series of generous economic and trade concessions without asking

reciprocity, at least in the short term."



"At the core of this strategy there is a principle of collective responsibility, by which the

shortcomings and less favorable conditions of poor countries should be tackled and

remedied by the richer countries as if they were internal problems of their own," he said.



The archbishop said the alliance for development would pursue the following elements:

-- "Limitation of overseas economic practices which grant temporary relief but do not

invigorate the economies of rural areas so that their inhabitants can become active

economic and social actors able to contribute to the national and international common

good."



-- "New practices which support both sustainable development and expansion of family

farms' productivity should be encouraged, together with employment generating

opportunities in rural areas."



-- "Establish and enforce equitable rules regulating international trade which would

enhance vigorous participation of rural economies and would not simply favor the

interests of developed economies."



-- "Debt relief designed to remove burdens that impede the recovery and growth of the

economies of developing states and to promote new financial resources for agricultural

development."



-- "Encourage private and public investments interested in sound primary and secondary

education for all children and systems of basic health care that would substantially reduce

the impact not only of HIV/AIDS but of all other diseases that threaten the rural poor

such as malaria, typhoid, cholera and tuberculosis."



-- "Economic assistance directed toward public health programs must be viewed not

simply as humanitarian relief to the most vulnerable members of the rural community but

also as part of an economic and social strategy designed to improve the conditions of

those laborers who constitute the workforce in rural areas of the world."



-- "Encourage investments that will assist in the eradication of malnutrition and in the

development of adequate sources of potable water."



-- "Identify and eliminate the root causes of regional armed conflict in which innocent

civilians, oftentimes rural inhabitants, are targeted as victims of the conflict."



-- "Promote technology sharing by developed states with developing states, especially

those technologies that would make sustainable rural development, food security,

environmental protection and agricultural exports of developing countries compatible

with one another."



Archbishop Migliore concluded: "The international community cannot permit one more

day to pass wherein a real attempt to meet goals and make measurable progress toward

the alleviation of poverty is not pursued with all of the energy and resolve that we can

muster."



http://www.prisonplanet.com/vatican_proposes_world_alliance.html



September 2, 2002 11:45 AM

Chirac to back "globalisation tax" talks



JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) - French President Jacques Chirac will urge world

leaders to launch talks on a new international tax to fight

world poverty, sources with him at the Earth Summit in Johannesburg say.



The sources said Chirac rejected the existing "Tobin Tax" proposal to raise levies

purely on foreign exchange transactions but would call in

a speech to the summit for discussion on a wider tax on wealth generated by

globalisation.



"It could be a tax on airplane tickets, on carbon dioxide, on health products sold

in industrialised countries, and indeed on international

financial transactions," one source said.



"The idea of wanting to hold back a small share (of global wealth) to relieve

poverty is not a mad idea at all. But the debate has been

polluted by the campaign on the Tobin Tax," the same source added.



The Tobin Tax, championed by non-governmental groups as a way both to raise

funds and to deter financial speculation, attracted much

interest particularly in Europe last year but since appears to have fallen out of

favour.



European officials have noted possible problems with the tax, proposed by U.S.

Nobel Prize winner James Tobin in the 1970s. One is that

financial markets would simply move to those countries that chose not to apply

the tax.



World leaders began arriving at the World Summit on Sustainable Development

on Monday hoping to settle differences over an action plan

to end what South African President Thabo Mbeki called "global apartheid"

between rich and poor.



The sources close to Chirac, who was due to speak in Johannesburg around

midday local time (11 a.m. British time) on Monday, pointed to

studies suggesting global development aid would have to be doubled to around

$100 billion (64 billion pounds) to really fight poverty.



Reuters

http://www.prisonplanet.com/chirac_to_back_globalisation_tax_talks.htm





Pope calls for new world order

Vatican City

January 2, 2004



http://www.prisonplanet.com/010104_pope_calls_for_new_world_order.html



Pope John Paul rang in the new year yesterday with a renewed call for peace in the

Middle East and Africa and the creation of a new world order based on respect for the

dignity of man and equality among nations.



The Pope presided over a morning Mass at St Peter's Basilica to mark the World Day of

Peace, which the Catholic Church celebrates every January 1. He appeared in good form,

delivering his homily in a strong and clear voice.



This year the Pope directed his thoughts to continuing conflicts around the globe.



But he stressed that to bring about peace, there needed to be a new respect for

international law and the creation of a "new international order" based on the goals of the

United Nations.



He lamented continuing violence between Israel and the Palestinians and offered prayers

for his ambassador to Burundi, Archbishop Michael Courtney, who was killed this week.







Nations Seek World Order Centered on U.N., Not U.S.



New York Times 02/19/03: Richard Bernstein



Original Link:

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/19/international/europe/19EURO.html?ex=1046

235600&en=

3c78e8fe3857d670&ei=5062&partner=GOOGLE



BRUSSELS, Feb. 18 — The statement issued by the 15 heads of state of the

European Union on Monday amounted to a compromise formulation that was at

once tough on Saddam Hussein and clear on Europe's preference for a peaceful

outcome. But it was unambiguous on one point that perfectly captured the divide

between the United States and a vast majority of European public opinion.



"We are committed to the United Nations remaining at the center of the

international order," the declaration said. "We recognize that the primary

responsibility for dealing with Iraqi disarmament lies with the Security Council."



In fact, the entire emergency conference of European leaders, held to hammer

out a common position on Iraq, was saturated with a commitment to what may be

viewed as a form of world government, the supervision of countries by an

international civil service bureaucracy whose headquarters is the United Nations.

This is a notion that has long been viewed with suspicion and sometimes outright

hostility by the United States.



In a sense, all the analysis about the cultural differences between Europeans and

Americans — about Europeans being less reliant on force and more willing to

sacrifice their sovereignty — boils down in practice to this: European

governments believe in the United Nations as the "center of world order" and the

American government, especially the current American government, tends to be

hostile to that idea.



It is true that, despite the unilateralist reputation of the Bush administration,

America has so far more or less accepted the European multilateralist rules of

the game on Iraq. Indeed, after contemplating unilateral action against Mr.

Hussein, the administration finds itself enmeshed in the very gears of Security

Council resolutions and negotiations that American unilateralists — and, of

course, not all Americans are unilateralist — find anathema.



But the decision to go to the United Nations was taken reluctantly, and remains

contentious within the administration. "Europeans already operate a kind of world

government inside the confines of Europe, and they would like to replicate their

experience on a global scale," said Robert Kagan, whose book "Of Paradise and

Power," is a study of the cultural differences between Europe and the United

States. "But in the United States, which has never operated in such a system,

both Democrats and Republicans are skeptical that you can do this."



"It's also a question of power," Mr. Kagan said. "It's historically been the case that

weaker powers have sought to constrain stronger powers through the

mechanisms of international legal structures."



Monday's meeting did more than reaffirm an attachment to the United Nations.

The European leaders also warned Iraq to disarm and allowed that force might

be used, though only as a "last resort." But the most common refrain was the

collective expression of trust in a world order governed by the Security Council.



Present in Brussels was the secretary general of the United Nations, Kofi Annan,

who told the assembled European foreign ministers and heads of state that the

United Nations was the only source of legitimacy for the use of force in the world.



"If the international community fails to agree on a common position and action is

taken without the authority of the Security Council," Mr. Annan said, "then the

legitimacy and the support for that action will be seriously impaired."



Similarly, the Greek president, Costas Simitis, said at a news conference, "We

believe that the focus of the international system is the U.N., which has primary

responsibility for managing the Iraqi crisis."

The public opinion polls, showing such clear opposition in Europe to a war, ring

of this same conviction. A poll published in the German newsweekly Der Spiegel

showed 53 percent of the German public believing the United States to be the

greatest threat to peace in the world, while only 27 percent cited Iraq.



But the 53 percent are probably not saying that they prefer Iraq to the United

States. What they are saying is that their greatest fear is of a superpower

untrammeled by any international control. They would rather do nothing about a

dictator like Mr. Hussein, who, in the European view, is too weak and hemmed in

to be much of a threat in any case, than see the United States act without United

Nations approval.



What skeptics about world government say is that the record of the United

Nations is simply not very good. Its efforts in Bosnia, to take an extreme

example, before the United States led the effort to bring the genocide there to an

end, failed utterly, precisely, in the view of critics, because it placed too much

priority on negotiations and not enough on military force.



Europeans, of course, are aware of the possibility that the United States,

frustrated with what it sees as Security Council obstructionism on Iraq, may

decide to go to war with a coalition of the willing, ignoring the United Nations.

Europeans know that such an action would be a blow from which the idea of

world government might not recover, and their message in Brussels to President

Bush was clear: don't do it.

Ukrainian Opposition Unveiled Masonic Conspiracy

http://www.prisonplanet.com/ukrainian_opposition_unveiled_masonic_con

spiracy.html





Ukrainian opposition is to make a sensational exposure. As leader of Ukraine-s

Social Party Alexander Moroz says, about 300 high-ranking officials in Ukraine

are members of a Masonic lodge which representative office is located

somewhere abroad. These are Ukraine-s prosecutor general, chief of the

Ukrainian security service, the minister of defense, the first president of Ukraine

and parliament deputies. As LIGA online informs, Alexander Moroz says it is

abnormal that ?Ukraine-s prosecutor general is at the same time a chevalier.¦



The Socialist leader says that people belonging to a Masonic lodge cannot hold

key governmental posts.



The matter concerns the Order of Saint Stanislav into which representatives of

Ukrainian elite and high-ranking officials are actively dubbed. The initiation

ceremony of some politicians (for instance, initiation of Ukraine-s first president

Leonid Kravchuk) was photographed, and the pictures were later published in a

book. The opposition presented the book as the evidence of the Masonic order-s

existence. Former Vice-premier of Ukraine Julia Timoshenko says ?charters of

such organizations are frequently esteemed more than the Constitution and

legislation of Ukraine.¦



Ukraine-s Ex-president and leader of the parliamentary social democratic faction

Leonid Kravchuk says that accusation of his belonging to masonry are ?bluff and

lie¦. However, he admits that he has been member of the Order of Saint Stanislav

since 1999; the organization has its priory in Ukraine. But Leonid Kravchuk

doesn-t consider the organization Masonic; agency Ukrainian News quoted the

ex-president as saying that the order ?is a positive organization.¦



Indeed, declarations published on the official website of the Order of Saint

Stanislav are positive: ?strengthening of mutual understanding between nations,

consolidation of the ideals of humanism, virtue, human rights and freedoms

protection.¦ In a word, even if the Order is not a Masonic lodge, its Charter

resembles that one of Masons very much, the latter are also known as

humanists. The above mentioned objectives must be achieved by some

chevaliers of the Order, majority of which are elite of the society.



It is known that a priory of the Order was opened in Ukraine in 1999, about 300

people were dubbed into the society.



Ex-president Leonid Kravchuk says that many political figures of Ukraine and

businessmen donating for charity are members of the organization.



Andrey Lubensky

PRAVDA.Ru

Ukraine



Translated by Maria Gousseva



http://www.prisonplanet.com/090304_inductee_shot.html

Inductee shot dead at L.I. Masonic lodge rite

Secretive ceremony was designed to create 'a state of anxiety'



The associated Press | 9th March 2004





PATCHOGUE — A secretive initiation ceremony in the basement of a Long

Island Masonic lodge went "tragically wrong" when a member mistakenly pulled

out a loaded weapon and fatally shot an inductee in the face, police said

Tuesday.

William James, 47, of Medford, N.Y., was pronounced dead at the scene of

Monday night’s shooting inside the Southside Masonic Lodge, said Suffolk

County Detective Lt. Jack Fitzpatrick.



James was participating in an induction around 8:40 p.m. at the Southside

Masonic Lodge when Albert Eid, 76, of Patchogue, pulled out a gun from his

pants pocket with real bullets instead of blanks and shot him, Fitzpatrick said. Eid

had had a permit since 1951 for the .32-caliber handgun used in the shooting,

but it was not clear why he brought it to the ceremony.



A second weapon, a .22 caliber pistol with blanks, was in Eid’s other pocket. The

detective said both weapons are approximately the same size.



Fitzpatrick told reporters at a news conference that police believe the shooting

“was completely accidental.”



Police believe the Masons sat James in a chair and placed cans on a small

platform around his head.



Eid was standing approximately 20 feet away holding a gun, Fitzpatrick said. A

third member out of James’ view held a stick, and when the gun was fired the

man with the stick was supposed to knock the cans off the platform to make the

inductee think that real bullets were fired.



Fitzpatrick said the ceremony was designed to create “a state of anxiety” for the

inductees. Police also found a guillotine, rat traps, and a wooden board that

Fitzpatrick surmised was used in some type of “walking the plank” routine in the

basement of the one-story building.



Eid pleaded innocent to a second-degree manslaughter charge at his

arraignment before Suffolk County District Court Judge Paul Hensley in Central

Islip. He was released on $2,500 bail and ordered to return to court on April 27.



Eid’s lawyer did not immediately return calls for comment.



Fitzpatrick described Eid as “quite stunned and ... distraught.”



The shooting shone a spotlight on the Masons, a highly secretive society that

traces its roots to medieval craft associations.



While officials of the lodge denied that guns play a role in ceremonies, Fitzpatrick

said members told police the rite involving a gun with blanks goes back at least

70 years.



Carl Fitje, grand master of the New York State Freemasons, released a

statement early Tuesday in which he said guns do not play a role in any officially

sanctioned lodge ceremonies.



“We are fully cooperating with all of the appropriate law enforcement officials,”

the statement said.



A member of the Long Island lodge, who was told of the shooting by reporters

Tuesday morning outside the brick building in downtown Patchogue, also denied

that guns were used in Masonic rituals.



“We don’t use pistols,” said Steve Mayo, a senior deacon of the lodge who said

he was not present at Monday’s ceremony. “Nobody ever took out a gun with me.

I don’t know why he did that.”



Mayo said James had been a member of the lodge for a few months and Eid had

been a member for many years.



Monday’s ceremony was an initiation into the Fellow Craft, which is the second

degree within the Masonic system. Masonic officials described Fellow Craft as a

social organization within the club, involving active members who participate in

fund-raising and other charitable activities.



James worked as a map drafter and had worked for the Town of Brookhaven

since 1988, said town spokeswoman Inez Birbiglia. “He was a nice guy,” she

said. “Everybody around here knew him and I can’t say I’ve ever heard a bad

word about him.”

http://www.propagandamatrix.com/images/may2004/070504dunblane1.jpg









http://www.propagandamatrix.com/images/may2004/070504dunblane2.jpg

http://www.prisonplanet.com/robertson_considers_action_over_web_allegation.html

GEORGE Robertson, the NATO secretary general, is considering legal action against the

owners of the Sunday Herald, over internet allegations about his connection to Thomas

Hamilton, the Dunblane killer.



The move by Lord Robertson, which could force Scottish Media Group to pay out

hundreds of thousands of pounds in compensation, follows claims posted on the

newspaper’s discussion page by a member of the public.



Last night, lawyers warned that the scale of the payout could even force the Sunday

Herald out of business, given worldwide awareness of the Dunblane massacre.



There was also concern that the case could have serious implications for anyone who

operates a website encouraging views from members of the public.



Andrew Jaspan, the editor of the Glasgow-based Sunday Herald, admitted the website

was not "policed", although he insisted the offending material had been removed half an

hour after the paper was contacted by Lord Robertson’s representatives.



However, last night, a legal source said the information posted on the Sunday Herald

forum had been there for four weeks and could have badly damaged Lord Robertson’s

reputation.



He said: "We are talking about a well-known public figure on the international stage

being linked through these allegations to an atrocity which is known throughout the

world.



"We are talking about hundreds of thousands of pounds in compensation and even an

amount which could close the newspaper.



"Authors already have a responsibility not to publish defamatory statements. If they do,

and they do put them on the web, then there is no reason why they shouldn’t be liable

worldwide."



Another Scottish legal expert said online defamation typified by the case involving Lord

Robertson was an area of increasing concern for businesses.



Traditionally, defamation has been considered a national matter, with little scope for

conflict between laws of different countries, but the internet has muddied the waters by

emphasising the cross-border access to websites which is possible for users.



Gillian Davies, a solicitor with Edinburgh-based Shepherd & Wedderburn, who

specialise in intellectual property and information technology law, said: "Documents

published and uploaded in one country can be viewed and downloaded all over the world,

exposing newspapers and other publishers to the libel laws of potentially any nation

which provides internet access to its citizens.

"The lack of a uniform approach at an international level to such issues prevents any kind

of legal certainty."



Internet speculation about Lord Robertson grew following the revelation that 106

documents were closed to the public after the inquiry into the shootings at Dunblane

Primary School in 1996.



Lord Robertson told Lord Cullen’s public inquiry he became increasingly concerned

about Hamilton’s militaristic camps after his own son attended Dunblane Rovers, run by

Hamilton in 1983. After speaking of his fears to Michael Forsyth, then a newly elected

MP for Stirling, Lord Robertson kept him informed of publicity relating to Hamilton’s

clubs.



Yesterday, the Mail on Sunday claimed the letters between the two politicians drew a

detailed picture of Hamilton’s perverted behaviour towards young boys in his care as

well as his firearms obsession.



The paper states that letters from Mr Forsyth "campaigned on behalf" of Hamilton from

1983 onwards, but that he also passed to police parental concerns about Hamilton’s

personality. After receiving letters from Hamilton complaining about a police

investigation into his 1988 summer camp, Mr Forsyth raised the issue with Central

Scotland Police.



A year later, Hamilton met the force’s deputy chief constable and, the Mail says, shortly

afterwards the killer wrote to Mr Forsyth "thanking him for his assistance".



Dunblane secret documents contain letters by Tory and Labour ministers



Investigation: By Neil Mackay, Home Affairs Editor



LETTERS between Labour and Tory ministers and correspondence relating

to Thomas Hamilton's alleged involvement with Freemasonry are part of a

batch of more than 100 documents about the Dunblane mass murder which

have been sealed from public sight for 100 years.



The documents include a letter connected to Hamilton, which was sent by

George Robertson, currently head of Nato, to Michael Forsyth, who was

then Secretary of State for Scotland.



Until now it was thought that a 100-year public secrecy order had only been

placed on one police report into Hamilton which allegedly named high-

profile politicians and legal figures. However, a Sunday Herald investigation

has uncovered that 106 documents, which were submitted to the Dunblane

inquiry in 1996, were also placed under the 100-year rule.

The Scottish Executive has claimed the 100-year secrecy order was placed

on the Central Police report, which was drafted in 1991 five years before

the murders, to protect the identities of children named in the report.

Hamilton had allegedly abused a number of children prior to his 1996 gun

attack on Dunblane primary school in which 16 primary one children and a

teacher died before Hamilton turned his gun on himself.



However, only a handful of the documents, which the Sunday Herald has

discovered to be also subject to the 100-year rule, relate to children or

name alleged abuse victims.



The most intriguing document is listed as: 'Copy of letter from Thomas

Hamilton to Dunblane parents regarding boys' club, and flyer advertising

Dunblane Boys' Sports Club. Both sent to Rt Hon Michael Forsyth, MP,

Secretary of State for Scotland, by George Robertson MP.' Also closed under

the 100-year rule is a 'submission to Lord James Douglas Hamilton, MP,

Minister of State at the Scottish Office, concerning government evidence to

the Inquiry'.



Another document relates to correspondence between the clerk of the

Dunblane inquiry, which was presided over by Lord Cullen, and a member of

the public regarding 'possible affiliations of Thomas Hamilton with

Freemasonry ... and copy letters from Thomas Hamilton'.



SNP deputy justice minister, Michael Matheson, said: 'The explanation to

date about the 100 -year rule was that it was put in place to protect the

interests of children named in the Central Police report. How can that

explanation stand when children aren't named? The 100-year rule needs to

be re-examined with respect to all documents.'



Matheson has written to the Lord Advocate, Colin Boyd, asking why the 100-

year rule applies and how it can be revoked. He has so far had no response.

He also asked First Minister Jack McConnell to explain the reasons for the

100-year order but received 'no substantial answer'. Matheson is to write to

Colin Boyd a second time, in the light of the discovery that more than 100

other documents are also sealed, asking him to account for the decision.



A spokeswoman for the Crown Office said: 'In consultation with the Crown

Office and the Scottish Office, Lord Cullen agreed that in line with the age

of some of the individuals involved and named in the inquiry, the closure

period would be 100 years. The Lord Advocate is considering issuing a

redacted copy of the productions, which would blank out identifying details

of children and their families. A decision on this has yet to be made.'



Other sealed key reports on Dunblane include:

• A 'comparative analysis of Thomas Hamilton' by Central Scotland Police

• Information about Hamilton's 'use and possession of firearms'

• Pathology reports, Hamilton's autopsy report, and analysis by Glasgow

University's forensic science lab on blood, urine and liver samples from

Hamilton's body

• Details on firearms licensing policies

• A review by Alfred Vannet, regional procurator fiscal of Grampian,

Highland and Islands, of 'reports and information in respect of Thomas

Hamilton submitted to the procurator fiscals of Dumbarton and Stirling by

Strathclyde Police and Central Police'

• A psychological report on Hamilton

• Guidance from the British Medical Association on granting firearms

licences

• 'Transcript of and correspondence relating to answering-machine tape

which accidentally recorded conversation between police officers at the

scene of the Dunblane incident'

• Correspondence and witness statements 'relating to allegations of sexual

abuse made against Hamilton'



02 March 2003



http://www.prisonplanet.com/dunblane_secret_documents_contain_letters

_by_tory_and_labour_ministers.html



Dunblane killer report leaves questions unanswered



A police report into Dunblane killer Thomas Hamilton has failed to cast any light on why

authorities did not prevent his gun licence being renewed.



The 230-page dossier had been widely tipped to give information on Hamilton's

application for a handgun licence, and outline his alleged links to the Masonic movement.



Instead it detailed four investigations that were conducted against Hamilton between

1988 and 1993 over complaints about alleged abuse and mistreatment of boys at youth

camps he ran.



Unemployed Hamilton killed 16 primary school children and their teacher in Dunblane in

March 1996 before taking his own life.



One document describes an investigation into a complaint made by parents whose child

attended a youth club at Stirling High School. One parent, whose name was blanked out

in the report, made the complaint in July 1993.



The parent claimed their child had been set to attend football coaching run by Hamilton,

but it was subsequently discovered the boy had been made to wear a tight gym costume

and carry out gymnastics while photographs were taken of him.

The police report raised concerns Hamilton "induces certain children to dress in very

tight, ill-fitting tunics which he provides for them outwith the knowledge of parents" and

took photographs of them in "questionable circumstances".



It also stated that Glasgow-born Hamilton had been reported to the procurator fiscal on

two occasions over his behaviour to children, but it is not clear what happened to the

cases.



Details of the investigations into Hamilton, who had run various youth clubs for boys

throughout central Scotland, and subsequent police action, were considered by a 1996

public inquiry led by Lord Cullen.



Story filed: 16:58 Tuesday 18th March 2003



http://www.prisonplanet.com/dunblane_killer_report_leaves_questions_un

answered.html



Lifting lid on judges' secret society



Gerard Seenan

Wednesday February 19, 2003

The Guardian



An unprecedented legal hearing into a secret society which boasts some of

Scotland's top judges among its members opened in Edinburgh yesterday amid

claims the judges' membership breaches human rights law.



Lord Gill, Scotland's second most senior judge, ordered yesterday's appeal court

hearing into the Speculative Society after campaigners raised questions about its

influence. It was heard before three judges who were not members of the

"brotherhood".



Robbie the Pict, a veteran campaigner against tolls on the Skye bridge, told the

court of session in Edinburgh that the Speculative Society had an invited and

closed membership. He said judges who were members should not be allowed to

sit on Skye bridge cases because they might be biased, or at least give the

appearance of being biased.



The society was founded in 1764 by a group of Edinburgh luminaries. Its stated

aim was "the improvement of literary composition and public speaking" and, in its

own literature, it describes itself as "a sodality and a brotherhood bound by

intangible ties of shared loyalty and common tradition".



Its members have included Robert Louis Stevenson and Sir Walter Scott. Today

many of Scotland's most eminent judges - including its most senior, Lord Cullen -

are members. It meets twice a week in Edinburgh.

Robert Black, an Edinburgh university law professor and member of the Spec,

described it as a piece of "harmless fun".



"It is extraordinary that the hearing is taking place, but it is probably a good

thing," he said. "The Spec is just a debating society men get involved in for three

years in their mid-20s."



http://www.prisonplanet.com/lifting_lid_on_judges_secret_society.html



Freemason 'closed shop' blocked me, says barrister



Aug 20 2003



Martin Shipton, The Western Mail





A BARRISTER claims his application to become a judge has been

turned down because he is not a freemason.



Roger Everest says he was told 30 years ago that he would never get

on in the legal profession after turning down an invitation to join the

Dinas Llandaff lodge of the Freemasons in Cardiff.



Last week the 64-year-old was informed by the director of judicial

appointments at the Department for Constitutional Affairs that he was

not being appointed a circuit judge.



Earlier this year Mr Everest, who practises from chambers at Pontyclun

near Cardiff, had a claim that his career had been blighted by his non-

membership of the freemasons rejected by the European Court of

Human Rights.



Yesterday he said, "The judiciary in South Wales is a closed shop

which I believe excludes ethnic minorities, women and men who are

not part of a masonic network.



"After over 30 years as a practising barrister on the Wales and Chester

circuit with hundreds of satisfied clients - not one of whom has ever

made a complaint against me - I am furious never to have been

offered the opportunity to sit as a judge.



"Through The Western Mail I call on the Labour Government to appoint

an eminent and impartial privy councillor to investigate the many

miscarriages of justice in South Wales - especially the wrongful

convictions that followed the murders of Lynette White and Mr and Mrs

Tooze - and to publish a register naming judges who have ever been

masons. Judges should be appointed on their merit as lawyers,

independent of their standing among masons."



Mr Everest said he planned to meet his MP Dr Kim Howells to discuss

the matter.



He added, "It is my firm belief that there is a masonic connection with

the miscarriages of justice that have occurred in South Wales."



In February 1998, the Home Office committed itself to establishing

public registers of Freemasons in the judiciary and the police.



In a response to a report written by the Home Affairs select

committee, the Home Office stated, "The Home Secretary proposes to

make a formal request to the United Grand Lodge (the governing body

of freemasonry in England and Wales) that they provide on a regional

basis consistent with the regional structure of the Lodges, the names

and identifying occupations and other necessary details of those who

are or who become freemasons in the specified professions and

occupations.



"If the United Grand Lodge is unwilling or unable to comply with this

request, or to comply only partially (for example because it does not

itself have the data in the required form) the government will initially

make arrangements for registers to be opened for all the specified

professions and occupations. All would be invited to register. Although

at this stage a failure to return information would not of itself be a

breach of conditions of employment, any nil returns would be shown

as such.



"The government will consult on where the registers should be

available but in any event it believes that they should be publicly

available.



"The government will address the need for legislation having regard to

the extent of compliance with voluntary registers, once established."



John Hamill, director of communications for the United Grand Lodge

said, "The Home Office did not pursue the idea of registers because of

the incorporation of human rights legislation into UK law. Article 14 of

the European Convention on Human Rights forbids discrimination

against minorities.

"When a straw poll was done of judges several years ago, less than

five per cent were freemasons and none of those responsible for

judicial appointments were."

http://www.prisonplanet.com/freemason_closed_shop_blocked_me_says_barrister.html

http://www.prisonplanet.com/231103secretlist.html



Masons to reveal secret list of names



Scotsman



THEY are thick brown ledgers that wouldn’t look out of place in a Harry Potter

film. The huge tomes - each containing around 500 yellowing pages crammed

with densely-packed, handwritten information - are so heavy some staff are

banned from attempting to lift them.



The huge works are the membership registers of the 600 Freemason’s lodges of

Scotland, the "secret" order reputed to wield legendary influence in the corridors

of power.



And last week, in a historic and unprecedented move, six volumes were thrown

open to Scotland on Sunday as part of Freemasonry’s attempts to dispel its

secretive image and counter a damaging association with Dunblane killer

Thomas Hamilton. It is the first time that an outside organisation has had such

open access to masonic files.



The registration books, and the equally-voluminous attendance books for two

individual lodges, cover the period during which Hamilton could have been a

member or a visitor. Exhaustive searches by senior staff of the Grand Lodge of

Scotland - effectively head office - has failed to find any record of Hamilton ever

being a mason or even stepping over the threshold of the masonic lodges in

Glasgow and Stirling to which he has been most closely linked.



The Grand Lodge is now even considering publishing the relevant membership

records on the internet in a further move to reassure the wider public that it has

nothing to hide.



Robert Cooper, the museum and library curator of the Grand Lodge in

Edinburgh’s George Street, said: "We are going to ask for members’ permission

from two lodges that Thomas Hamilton has been linked with to print the

membership book on the internet to put an end to speculation over whether he

was a Freemason or not. We know he wasn’t but we want everyone else to be

sure as well."



It’s not just an academic exercise. The Hamilton connection has haunted the

Freemasons since he shot dead 16 children, one of their teachers and himself in

the school gym of Dunblane Primary in 1996. Last month, a petition was

submitted by a local resident to the Scottish parliament asking for the Cullen

Inquiry into the murders to be reopened to re-examine alleged masonic links.



Cooper is more familiar than most with how the theory goes. It sprang, he says,

from the clearly-recorded membership of Hamilton’s grandfather, James, a

welder who joined the Garrowhill Lodge in the working class district of Baillieston

in December 1957 and, after moving home, was a regular attendee at the Royal

Arch Lodge in Stirling until his death in 2000.



As the grandfather was a member, then so was the grandson, so the theory

progresses. As a mason, Thomas Hamilton would mix socially with other

masons, many of them local police officers, the theory dictates. "Thomas

Hamilton was unstable but was allowed to keep guns in his house by the police

because they were all masons together," Cooper said. "None of this is true."



Membership records were scrutinised for the years in which Hamilton, who was

born in 1952, could have been a member. They were from 1973, after he was 21

(you can only join at 18 if your father has been a member), to 1996 when he

died. Another two Thomas Hamiltons were unearthed in Scotland but they were

both the wrong ages.



"We spent months scouring the relevant documentation and no trace was found

of him. Of course people will say you would say that wouldn’t you, which is why

we are prepared to open the relevant parts of the register and attendance books

up to scrutiny."



Cooper hopes it will also dispel the notion that masonic membership is the

province of the wealthy and powerful. "I think most people will be surprised about

how blue collar our membership really is. I shouldn’t tell you this but there isn’t

one sheriff or judge among the Scottish membership."



The registration files themselves, stored in protective safes within the basement

vaults of George Street, are kept in much the same format as they were when

Freemasonry as a movement began life in Scotland in the 17th century. The

broad pages record the new recruit’s name, occupation and age when first

attending. A neat row notes the date of the three ceremonies each Lodge

member must undergo before the achieve the rank of Master Mason.



A glance through the pages reveals a multitude of trades and professions,

including engineers, joiners, labourers, bus drivers, pipelayers, welders, brewery

workers and the occasional company director.



There have been attempts to present a more open image to the public. The

movement and its 75,000-strong membership throughout Scotland realises that

to survive in the long run it has to overcome long-held suspicions. The George

Street headquarters is also the movement’s library and museum, stuffed with

books and antique glassware and pottery of masonic significance, which are

open to visitors.



The building dates from 1911, when it was purpose-built to replace an earlier

Grand Lodge. The 30 rooms are an Edwardian time capsule of marbled pillars

and warm wooden panelling.



The Grand Hall where the annual general meeting will be held next week has

seating for hundreds in cathedral-like splendour. The centrepiece is a traditional

black-and-white chequered carpet, which symbolises the choices of good and

evil. The many masons initiated here will have had to swear to the three great

Masonic principles of Brotherly Love, Relief (assisting others) and Truth (honesty

and integrity in personal, business and public life).



Scottish masons who have taken the vows in the past include Robert Burns, Sir

Walter Scott, Sir Harry Lauder, Manny Shinwell and King George VI.



The current Grand Master Mason is Sir Archibald Orr Ewing, a retired

Stirlingshire businessman. His father held the same position and last Friday, his

ceremonial regalia, complete with chains of office and gauntlets, had been

lovingly laid-out in his office, with its immaculate Italian marble fireplace and

ornate plasterwork ceilings, awaiting his attendance at the AGM.



http://www.prisonplanet.com/archive_freemasonry.html

http://www.prisonplanet.com/archive_freemasonry.html

http://www.prisonplanet.com/archive_freemasonry.html



http://www.prisonplanet.com/rowan_williams_apologizes_to_freemasons.html





Rowan Williams apologises to Freemasons

By Chris Hastings and Elizabeth Day

(Filed: 20/04/2003)

http://www.prisonplanet.com/rowan_williams_apologizes_to_freemasons.html



The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, has been forced to

apologise to Britain's 330,000 Freemasons after he said that their

beliefs were incompatible with Christianity and that he had rejected

them from senior posts in his diocese.



Dr Williams has written to Robert Morrow, the Grand Secretary of the

United Grand Lodge of England, in an attempt to defuse the row

prompted by comments he made last year. In his letter, the

Archbishop apologises for the "distress" he caused and discloses that

his own father was a member of the Craft.



Freemasons, many of whom are active members of the Church of

England, reacted angrily to his disclosure that he "had real misgivings

about the compatibility of Masonry and Christian profession" and by

his admission that, as Bishop of Monmouth, he had blocked the

appointment of Freemasons to senior appointments.



His comments about Freemasons were in a private letter leaked to the

media shortly after Downing Street confirmed his appointment as head

of the Church of England.



Subsequent attempts by his advisers to defuse the row only caused

further offence. A spokesman said the Archbishop was worried about

the ritual element of Freemasonry, which has been seen as "satanically

inspired".



In his letter of apology, Dr Williams tries to distance himself from his

own reported comments. He claims that his views were never meant

to be public and were distorted by the media.



He wrote: "I have been sorry to learn of the distress of a considerable

number of Freemasons . . . In replying to private correspondence, I

had no intention of starting a public debate nor of questioning the

good faith and generosity of individual Freemasons and I regret the

tone and content of the media coverage."



He added: "The quoted statements about the 'satanic' character of the

Masonic ceremonies and other matters did not come from me and do

not represent my judgment. Since my late father was a member of the

Craft for many years, I have had every opportunity of observing the

probity of individual members."



Dr Williams does not, in his letter, deny that he has misgivings about

the role of Freemasons within the Church.



He wrote: "Where anxieties exist, however, they are in relation not to

Freemasonry but to Christian ministers subscribing to what could be

and often is understood [or misunderstood] as a private system of

profession and initiation, involving the taking of oaths of loyalty."



He ends his letter by stating that Freemasons' commitment to charity

and the community is beyond question.

'Are you Masons?' challenge to judges

By Auslan Cramb, Scotland Correspondent

(Filed: 19/02/2003)

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/02/19

/nspict19.xml



Three judges yesterday refused to reveal whether they were

Freemasons after being challenged by a veteran human rights

campaigner.



Robbie the Pict put the question to judges hearing his complaint that a

"secret society" of senior figures in the Scottish establishment is

undermining the impartiality of the judicial system.



He believes that judges who are members of the Speculative Society

could have influenced cases against him during his long-running

campaign against tolls on the privately operated Isle of Skye bridge.



The campaigner said that Sir Iain Noble, chairman of the Skye Bridge

Company, was a member of the same organisation, and also

suggested that the 250-year-old debating club had Masonic

connections.



Appearing at the Court of Session in Edinburgh yesterday before Lords

Gill, Kirkwood and Wheatley, he demanded to know whether they were

Freemasons.



"Have you ever taken the oath for the purpose of entering into

Masonic association?" he asked.



After a few moments of silence, Lord Gill, the Lord Justice Clerk, urged

him to continue reading his speech, and said: "We are certainly not

going to answer that question right now."



The protester replied: "That is as much as I wish to upset your

lordships, the rest is downhill."



The latest case follows his conviction in 1998 for failing to pay bridge

tolls. He claims the collectors of the toll do not have proper authority

and is arguing that no cases involving the bridge should be heard by

society members.



He wants membership of the group considered against the background

of a dozen failed appeals in his anti-toll campaign.

Raymond Doherty, QC, advocate depute, produced a list of members

from an internet site to show the "Spec" was not a secret society.



The society's own literature describes it as a "secret brotherhood

bound by intangible ties of shared loyalty and common tradition".



A judgment will be issued at a later date.





Rethink urged on freemasons issue









Scotland's justice minister will be asked to review guidelines requiring

judges to declare membership of the freemasons.



A majority of MSPs on Holyrood's Justice 2 Committee said they were

not satisfied that the existing oath of office or new appointment

procedures for judges would provide sufficient transparency.



They were considering a petition calling for new and existing members

of the judiciary to declare whether or not they were members of the

freemasons.



Justice Minister Jim Wallace insisted there was no indication that

freemasonry membership has ever influenced judges in carrying out

their duties.



The Scottish Executive has also stressed that an

independent judicial appointments board, which

was set up at the end of May, should increase

public confidence.



However, committee convener Pauline McNeill said

she found Mr Wallace's reply unsatisfactory.



The committee backed Labour MSP Scott Barrie's

proposal to write again to Mr Wallace "urging him

to reconsider the issue". Bill Aitken:

Queried need for

MSPs are in the process of changing their code of more measures

conduct to ensure that masonic membership is declared.



That measure has come under fire from MSPs who are freemasons.

Tory Phil Gallie described the plan as "nonsense" as his membership

did not "impact in any way" on his parliamentary duties.



Speaking on Wednesday, Liberal Democrat MSP George Lyon said: "It

has been required of parliamentary members now to make this

declaration, and I think we should pursue that with the minister and

say that we need to see that being spread to the judiciary as well."



'Sufficient safeguards'



SNP Banff and Buchan MSP Stewart Stevenson said declaration would

add "transparency and confidence in the system".



Tory Bill Aitken said the judicial appointments system was now much

more transparent and this, coupled with the judicial oath, would

provide "sufficient safeguards".



He said: "I have no particularly strong views on the matter, but I just

wonder when this would cease ... should I declare my membership of

the Partick Thistle supporters' club?"



Ms McNeill said that while there was "no suggestion" the judicial oath

was "not enough", public perceptions were important.



She said: "I don't think there's been a strong enough argument as to

why, in the interests of transparency in relation to the judiciary, that

we shouldn't have at least a declaration from judges."



http://www.prisonplanet.com/rethink_urged_on_freemasons_issue.html



http://www.prisonplanet.com/archive_EU.html



The Ominous Parallels: Nazism and the EU



The EU War Baby



Back in 1942, a book called "The European Community" was published. Its principal

author, a Doctor of Economics, had argued in 1940 for a "Central European



Union" and "European Economic Area" and for fixed exchange rates - EMU in all but

name. In this book, he wrote that "No nation in Europe can achieve on its own the highest

level of economic freedom which is compatible with all social requirements...The

formation of very large economic areas follows a natural law of development....interstate

agreements in Europe will control [economic forces generally]...There must be a

readiness to subordinate one's own interests in certain cases to those of [the EC]."



One of his co-authors wrote that the "classic national economy..is dead...community of

fate which is the European economy...fate and extent of European co-operation depends

on a new unity economic plan". Another observed that "We have a real European

Community task before us...I am convinced that this Community effort will last beyond

the end of the war."



The last three words explain things. The principal author was Nazi Economics Minister

and war criminal Walther Funk. The other two were respectively Nazi academic Heinrich

Hunke and official Gustav Koenig. Nor were they just eccentrics. Goering's orders in

1940 were followed by a project for the "large-scale economic unification of Europe"

Goebbels, in the same year, compared Germany's road to unification in the nineteenth

century with Europe's in the twentieth, believing that "in fifty years' time [people] no

longer think in terms of countries."



The Same Old "New Europe"?



Ribbentrop, in 1943, endorsed plans for a European confederation. Seyss-Inquart,

Gauleiter of Holland, spoke of "The new Europe of solidarity and co-operation among all

its people... will find...rapidly increasing prosperity once national economic boundaries

are removed."



Their collaborators felt the same way. Quisling himself stated that there was no

opposition between European economic co-operation and National Socialism, Vichy

French Minister Jacques Benoist-Mechin that France had to "abandon nationalism...take

place in European Community with honour."



In the words of Rodney Atkinson, "The European Community was therefore intended by

the Nazis.... as a common cause against British...economic systems of trade and free

exchange." Mr. Atkinson goes on (in his book "Europe's Full Circle") to kindly provide

us (pages 92-93) with a list of parallels between "Hitler's Europe" and "Today's Europe."





- Europaische Wirtshaftsgemeinschaft

- European Economic Community



- European Currency System

- European Exchange Rate Mechanism



- Europabank (Berlin)

- European Central Bank (Frankfurt)



- European Regional Principle

- Committee of the Regions



- Common Labour Policy

- Social Chapter



- Economic and Trading Agreements

- Single Market





A few further quotes may be of interest -"The Germans alone can really organise

Europe... The future will belong to the Germans when we build the House of

Europe...The Anglo-Saxon economic system, the classic national economy, is dead...It is

important to establish a European Single Currency core in order to stand firm against

Anglo-Saxon values."



I just quoted, respectively, Goebbels, Kohl, Hunke, and (in 1996) Belgian Finance

Minister Philippe Maystadt. No, I'm not just indulging in cheap jibes or insinuating that

all Europhiles are closet Nazis. Obviously they don't share Hitler's racial paranoia. No

doubt they see them selves as good liberal-minded democrats. However, all totalitarian

regimes stand for concentrating power in central hands. They're all prone to meddle in

people's private lives and pursuits and to issue directives without properly consulting a

free Parliament first. In short - the Eurocrats may not be totalitarians but they are

totalitarian-minded in their behaviour.



For further details, I recommend "Europe's Full Circle" by Rodney Atkinson, "The

Tainted Source" by John Laughland and "Britain Held Hostage" by Lindsay Jenkins.

Click for stockist details



A final thought: The Nazis used referenda to seduce power out of the hands of the

people's representatives and concentrate it in the hands of a few. With the prospect of a

UK referendum on the single currency and the dangers of concentrating economic powers

in the hands of a virtually unaccountable European Central Bank - remember: NEVER

AGAIN!

'Satanic' Brotherhood with Clergymen in its Ranks

By Jason Bennetto, The Independent 15 November 2002





Freemasonry describes itself on its website as the "UK's largest

secular, fraternal, and charitable organisation". So why does

the new Archbishop of Canterbury think it is a secret society

with dubious spiritual credentials?



And why does Dr Rowan Williams also believe that Church of

England ministers should not belong to the Brotherhood, an

organisation he describes as incompatible with Christianity?



His views will be greeted with astonishment by the significant

number of senior clergymen and Christians who are members

of the 350,000-strong Craft, who have organised a slick media

campaign to counter bad publicity.



The Freemasons of England now have a website –

www.freemasonry.net. The United Grand Lodge of England

says that it is not a "secret society", but merely holds private

meetings.



"Freemasonry does not try to replace religion or substitute for

it. Freemasonry requires a belief in God and its principles are

common to many of the world's great religions," it says.



"There are elements within certain churches who

misunderstand Freemasonry and confuse secular rituals with

religious liturgy."



It adds that many of its members are Anglicans and Catholics

and would be "dismayed that the churches should attack

Freemasonry".



But some observers believe that at the heart of the Craft – and

known only to those who reach the highest levels – there is a

sinister quasi-religion based on a composite Masonic God,

known as Jah-Bul-On.



In his 1984 book The Brotherhood, Stephen Knight turned the

spotlight on the inner workings of the Masons. "I have spoken

to 57 long-standing Royal Arch Freemasons [one of the most

senior groups], who have been happy to talk to me.All but four

lost their composure when I said, 'What about Jah-Bul-On?',"

he wrote.



A spokesman for Dr Williams said yesterday that many

Christians believed that Jah-Bul-On was considered to refer to

the "incarnation of Satan". He added that the Masons promised

in the 1980s to drop any reference to Jah-Bul-On because of

the offence it was causing.



In a letter to Hugh Sinclair, a man who for years has been

investigating the Brotherhood, Dr Williams said: "I have real

misgivings about the compatibility of Masonry and Christian

profession." He later said he questioned whether it was

"appropriate for Christian ministers to belong to secret

organisations" and expressed "anxiety about the spiritual

content of Masonry".



He also raised the issue of "back scratching" and the possible

debt clergymen may feel towards fellow members of the Craft.



The relationship between Freemasons and the Catholic and

Anglican churches has been a complex and at times a fraught

one.



Dr Williams' spokesman said: "From the end of the 19th

century a lot of Anglican clergy got involved in Freemasonry. In

the 20th century a number of very senior clergymen were

Masons. In the 1960s people started turning against the idea of

secret societies and a number of Anglican ministers saw it as

possibly Satanically inspired."



The influence of the Brotherhood within the Church of England

has continued and the Freemasons acknowledge that many

clergymen and Anglicans are members.



Leading Mason Church of England clergymen of the past include

the former Archbishop of Canterbury Geoffrey Fisher, who

headed the Church of England from 1945 to 1961. He held the

senior post of Grand Chaplain for the United Grand Lodge of

England.



Robert Milburn, the former Dean of Worcester, held the same

senior Masonic post as the Archbishop.



John Habgood, the former Archbishop of York, told the General

Synod that he believed Freemasonry was a "fairly harmless

eccentricity" and later expressed the view that he did not see

any conflict in being a Mason and a Christian.



In July 1987 the General Synod, the governing body of the

Church of England, ducked the issue when bishops endorsed a

report looking into whether being a Christian and a Freemason

were compatible.



A working party concluded that Freemasons who belonged to

the church did not think there was a problem, while non-

Masons thought there were difficulties. The issue has not been

debated since.



At one stage Catholics were banned from being Freemasons,

but the two are no longer seen as incompatible providing

Catholics belong to a British branch of the Masons.



Critics believe this is partly due to the influence of members of

the Brotherhood within the Catholic church.

http://www.independent.co.uk/story.jsp?story=352254



http://www.prisonplanet.com/satanic_brotherhood_with_clergymen_in_its_ranks.ht

ml

A CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE NEW WORLD ORDER



by D.L. Cuddy, Ph.D.

Arranged and Edited by John Loeffler



In the mainline media, those who adhere to the position that there is some kind of

"conspiracy" pushing us towards a world government are virulently ridiculed. The

standard attack maintains that the so-called "New World Order" is the product of turn-of-

the-century, right-wing, bigoted, anti-semitic racists acting in the tradition of the long-

debunked Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, now promulgated by some Militias

and other right-wing hate groups.



The historical record does not support that position to any large degree but it has become

the mantra of the socialist left and their cronies, the media.



The term "New World Order" has been used thousands of times in this century by

proponents in high places of federalized world government. Some of those involved in

this collaboration to achieve world order have been Jewish. The preponderance are not,

so it most definitely is not a Jewish agenda.



For years, leaders in education, industry, the media, banking, etc., have promoted those

with the same Weltanschauung (world view) as theirs. Of course, someone might say that

just because individuals promote their friends doesn't constitute a conspiracy. That's true

in the usual sense. However, it does represent an "open conspiracy," as described by

noted Fabian Socialist H.G. Wells in The Open Conspiracy: Blue Prints for a World

Revolution (1928).



In 1913, prior to the passage of the Federal Reserve Act President Wilson's The New

Freedom was published, in which he revealed:



"Since I entered politics, I have chiefly had men's views confided to me privately. Some

of the biggest men in the U. S., in the field of commerce and manufacturing, are afraid

of somebody, are afraid of something. They know that there is a power somewhere so

organized, so subtle, so watchful, so interlocked, so complete, so pervasive, that they

had better not speak above their breath when they speak in condemnation of it."



On November 21, 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt wrote a letter to Col. Edward

Mandell House, President Woodrow Wilson's close advisor:



"The real truth of the matter is, as you and I know, that a financial element in the

larger centers has owned the Government ever since the days of Andrew Jackson... "



That there is such a thing as a cabal of power brokers who control government behind the

scenes has been detailed several times in this century by credible sources. Professor

Carroll Quigley was Bill Clinton's mentor at Georgetown University. President Clinton

has publicly paid homage to the influence Professor Quigley had on his life. In Quigley's

magnum opus Tragedy and Hope (1966), he states:



"There does exist and has existed for a generation, an international ... network which

operates, to some extent, in the way the radical right believes the Communists act. In

fact, this network, which we may identify as the Round Table Groups, has no aversion

to cooperating with the Communists, or any other groups and frequently does so. I

know of the operations of this network because I have studied it for twenty years and

was permitted for two years, in the early 1960s, to examine its papers and secret

records. I have no aversion to it or to most of its aims and have, for much of my life,

been close to it and to many of its instruments. I have objected, both in the past and

recently, to a few of its policies... but in general my chief difference of opinion is that it

wishes to remain unknown, and I believe its role in history is significant enough to be

known."



Even talk show host Rush Limbaugh, an outspoken critic of anyone claiming a push for

global government, said on his February 7, 1995 program:



"You see, if you amount to anything in Washington these days, it is because you have

been plucked or handpicked from an Ivy League school -- Harvard, Yale, Kennedy

School of Government -- you've shown an aptitude to be a good Ivy League type, and

so you're plucked so-to-speak, and you are assigned success. You are assigned a

certain role in government somewhere, and then your success is monitored and

tracked, and you go where the pluckers and the handpickers can put you."



On May 4, 1993, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) president Leslie Gelb said on The

Charlie Rose Show that:



"... you [Charlie Rose] had me on [before] to talk about the New World Order! I talk

about it all the time. It's one world now. The Council [CFR] can find, nurture, and

begin to put people in the kinds of jobs this country needs. And that's going to be one

of the major enterprises of the Council under me."



Previous CFR chairman, John J. McCloy (1953-70), actually said they have been doing

this since the 1940s (and before).



The thrust towards global government can be well-documented but at the end of the

twentieth century it does not look like a traditional conspiracy in the usual sense of a

secret cabal of evil men meeting clandestinely behind closed doors. Rather, it is a

"networking" of like-minded individuals in high places to achieve a common goal, as

described in Marilyn Ferguson's 1980 insider classic, The Aquarian Conspiracy.



Perhaps the best way to relate this would be a brief history of the New World Order, not

in our words but in the words of those who have been striving to make it real.

1912 -- Colonel Edward M. House, a close advisor of President Woodrow Wilson,

publishes Phillip Dru: Administrator in which he promotes "socialism as dreamed of by

Karl Marx."



1913 -- The Federal Reserve (neither federal nor a reserve) is created. It was planned at a

secret meeting in 1910 on Jekyl Island, Georgia by a group of bankers and politicians,

including Col. House. This transferred the power to create money from the American

government to a private group of bankers. It is probably the largest generator of debt in

the world.



May 30, 1919 -- Prominent British and American personalities establish the Royal

Institute of International Affairs in England and the Institute of International Affairs in

the U.S. at a meeting arranged by Col. House attended by various Fabian socialists,

including noted economist John Maynard Keynes. Two years later, Col. House

reorganizes the Institute of International Affairs into the Council on Foreign Relations

(CFR).



December 15, 1922 -- The CFR endorses World Government in its magazine Foreign

Affairs. Author Philip Kerr, states:



"Obviously there is going to be no peace or prosperity for mankind as long as [the

earth] remains divided into 50 or 60 independent states until some kind of international

system is created... The real problem today is that of the world government."



1928 -- The Open Conspiracy: Blue Prints for a World Revolution by H.G. Wells is

published. A former Fabian Socialist, Wells writes:



"The political world of the ... Open Conspiracy must weaken, efface, incorporate and

supersede existing governments... The Open Conspiracy is the natural inheritor of

socialist and communist enthusiasms; it may be in control of Moscow before it is in

control of New York... The character of the Open Conspiracy will now be plainly

displayed... It will be a world religion."



1931 -- Students at the Lenin School of Political Warfare in Moscow are taught:



"One day we shall start to spread the most theatrical peace movement the world has

ever seen. The capitalist countries, stupid and decadent ... will fall into the trap offered

by the possibility of making new friends. Our day will come in 30 years or so... The

bourgeoisie must be lulled into a false sense of security."



1931 -- In a speech to the Institute for the Study of International Affairs at Copenhagen)

historian Arnold Toyee said:



"We are at present working discreetly with all our might to wrest this mysterious force

called sovereignty out of the clutches of the local nation states of the world. All the time

we are denying with our lips what we are doing with our hands...."

1932 -- New books are published urging World Order:



Toward Soviet America by William Z. Foster. Head of the Communist Party USA,

Foster indicates that a National Department of Education would be one of the means used

to develop a new socialist society in the U.S.



The New World Order by F.S. Marvin, describing the League of Nations as the first

attempt at a New World Order. Marvin says, "nationality must rank below the claims of

mankind as a whole."



Dare the School Build a New Social Order? is published. Educator author George

Counts asserts that:



"... the teachers should deliberately reach for power and then make the most of their

conquest" in order to "influence the social attitudes, ideals and behavior of the coming

generation... The growth of science and technology has carried us into a new age

where ignorance must be replaced by knowledge, competition by cooperation, trust in

Providence by careful planning and private capitalism by some form of social

economy."



1933 -- The first Humanist Manifesto is published. Co-author John Dewey, the noted

philosopher and educator, calls for a synthesizing of all religions and "a socialized and

cooperative economic order." Co-signer C.F. Potter said in 1930:



"Education is thus a most powerful ally of humanism, and every American public

school is a school of humanism. What can the theistic Sunday schools, meeting for an

hour once a week, teaching only a fraction of the children, do to stem the tide of a five-

day program of humanistic teaching?"



1933 -- The Shape of Things to Come by H.G. Wells is published. Wells predicts a

second world war around 1940, originating from a German-Polish dispute. After 1945

there would be an increasing lack of public safety in "criminally infected" areas. The plan

for the "Modern World-State" would succeed on its third attempt (about 1980), and come

out of something that occurred in Basra, Iraq. The book also states,



"Although world government had been plainly coming for some years, although it had

been endlessly feared and murmured against, it found no opposition prepared

anywhere."



1934 -- The Externalization of the Hierarchy by Alice A. Bailey is published. Bailey is

an occultist, whose works are channeled from a spirit guide, the Tibetan Master [demon

spirit] Djwahl Kuhl. Bailey uses the phrase "points of light" in connection with a "New

Group of World Servers" and claims that 1934 marks the beginning of "the organizing

of the men and women... group work of a new order... [with] progress defined by

service... the world of the Brotherhood... the Forces of Light... [and] out of the

spoliation of all existing culture and civilization, the new world order must be built."

The book is published by the Lucis Trust, incorporated originally in New York as the

Lucifer Publishing Company. Lucis Trust is a United Nations NGO and has been a

major player at the recent U.N. summits. Later Assistant Secretary General of the U.N.

Robert Mueller would credit the creation of his World Core Curriculum for education to

the underlying teachings of Djwahl Kuhl via Alice Bailey's writings on the subject.



1932 -- Plan for Peace by American Birth Control League founder Margaret Sanger

(1921) is published. She calls for coercive sterilization, mandatory segregation, and

rehabilitative concentration camps for all "dysgenic stocks" including Blacks, Hispanics,

American Indians and Catholics.



October 28, 1939 -- In an address by John Foster Dulles, later U.S. Secretary of State, he

proposes that America lead the transition to a new order of less independent, semi-

sovereign states bound together by a league or federal union.



1939 -- New World Order by H. G. Wells proposes a collectivist one-world state"' or

"new world order" comprised of "socialist democracies." He advocates "universal

conscription for service" and declares that "nationalist individualism... is the world's

disease." He continues:



"The manifest necessity for some collective world control to eliminate warfare and the

less generally admitted necessity for a collective control of the economic and biological

life of mankind, are aspects of one and the same process." He proposes that this be

accomplished through "universal law" and propaganda (or education)."



1940 -- The New World Order is published by the Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace and contains a select list of references on regional and world federation, together

with some special plans for world order after the war.



December 12, 1940 -- In The Congressional Record an article entitled A New World

Order John G. Alexander calls for a world federation.



1942 -- The leftist Institute of Pacific Relations publishes Post War Worlds by P.E.

Corbett:



"World government is the ultimate aim... It must be recognized that the law of nations

takes precedence over national law... The process will have to be assisted by the

deletion of the nationalistic material employed in educational textbooks and its

replacement by material explaining the benefits of wiser association."



June 28, 1945 -- President Truman endorses world government in a speech:



"It will be just as easy for nations to get along in a republic of the world as it is for us

to get along in a republic of the United States."

October 24, 1945 -- The United Nations Charter becomes effective. Also on October 24,

Senator Glen Taylor (D-Idaho) introduces Senate Resolution 183 calling upon the U.S.

Senate to go on record as favoring creation of a world republic including an international

police force.



1946 -- Alger Hiss is elected President of the Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace. Hiss holds this office until 1949. Early in 1950, he is convicted of perjury and

sentenced to prison after a sensational trial and Congressional hearing in which Whittaker

Chambers, a former senior editor of Time, testifies that Hiss was a member of his

Communist Party cell.



1946 -- The Teacher and World Government by former editor of the NEA Journal

(National Education Association) Joy Elmer Morgan is published. He says:



"In the struggle to establish an adequate world government, the teacher... can do much

to prepare the hearts and minds of children for global understanding and

cooperation... At the very heart of all the agencies which will assure the coming of

world government must stand the school, the teacher, and the organized profession."



1947 -- The American Education Fellowship, formerly the Progressive Education

Association, organized by John Dewey, calls for the:



"... establishment of a genuine world order, an order in which national sovereignty is

subordinate to world authority... "



October, 1947 -- NEA Associate Secretary William Carr writes in the NEA Journal that

teachers should:



"... teach about the various proposals that have been made for the strengthening of the

United Nations and the establishment of a world citizenship and world government."



1948 -- Walden II by behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner proposes "a perfect society

or new and more perfect order" in which children are reared by the State, rather than by

their parents and are trained from birth to demonstrate only desirable behavior and

characteristics. Skinner's ideas would be widely implemented by educators in the 1960s,

70s, and 80s as Values Clarification and Outcome Based Education.



July, 1948 -- Britain's Sir Harold Butler, in the CFR's Foreign Affairs, sees "a New

World Order" taking shape:



"How far can the life of nations, which for centuries have thought of themselves as

distinct and unique, be merged with the life of other nations? How far are they

prepared to sacrifice a part of their sovereignty without which there can be no effective

economic or political union?... Out of the prevailing confusion a new world is taking

shape... which may point the way toward the new order... That will be the beginning of

a real United Nations, no longer crippled by a split personality, but held together by a

common faith."



1948 -- UNESCO president and Fabian Socialist, Sir Julian Huxley, calls for a radical

eugenic policy in UNESCO: Its Purpose and Its Philosophy. He states:



"Thus, even though it is quite true that any radical eugenic policy of controlled human

breeding will be for many years politically and psychologically impossible, it will be

important for UNESCO to see that the eugenic problem is examined with the greatest

care and that the public mind is informed of the issues at stake that much that is now

unthinkable may at least become thinkable."



1948 -- The preliminary draft of a World Constitution is published by U.S. educators

advocating regional federation on the way toward world federation or government with

England incorporated into a European federation.



The Constitution provides for a "World Council" along with a "Chamber of

Guardians" to enforce world law. Also included is a "Preamble" calling upon nations to

surrender their arms to the world government, and includes the right of this "Federal

Republic of the World" to seize private property for federal use.



February 9, 1950 -- The Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee introduces Senate

Concurrent Resolution 66 which begins:



"Whereas, in order to achieve universal peace and justice, the present Charter of the

United Nations should be changed to provide a true world government constitution."



The resolution was first introduced in the Senate on September 13, 1949 by Senator Glen

Taylor (D-Idaho). Senator Alexander Wiley (R-Wisconsin) called it "a consummation

devoutly to be wished for" and said, "I understand your proposition is either change

the United Nations, or change or create, by a separate convention, a world order."

Senator Taylor later stated:



"We would have to sacrifice considerable sovereignty to the world organization to

enable them to levy taxes in their own right to support themselves."



1950 -- In testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, international

financier James P Warburg said:



"we shall have a world government, whether or not we like it. The question is only

whether world government will be achieved by consent or by conquest."



April 12, 1952 -- John Foster Dulles, later to become Secretary of State, says in a speech

to the American Bar Association in Louisville, Kentucky, that "treaty laws can override

the Constitution." He says treaties can take power away from Congress and give them to

the President. They can take powers from the States and give them to the Federal

Government or to some international body and they can cut across the rights given to the

people by their constitutional Bill of Rights. A Senate amendment, proposed by GOP

Senator John Bricker, would have provided that no treaty could supersede the

Constitution, but it fails to pass by one vote.



1954 -- Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands establishes the Bilderbergers, international

politicians and bankers who meet secretly on an annual basis.



1954 -- H. Rowan Gaither, Jr., President - Ford Foundation said to Norman Dodd of the

Congressional Reese Commission:



"... all of us here at the policy-making level have had experience with directives... from

the White House... . The substance of them is that we shall use our grant-making

power so as to alter our life in the United States that we can be comfortably merged

with the Soviet Union."



1954 -- Senator William Jenner said:



"Today the path to total dictatorship in the United States can be laid by strictly legal

means, unseen and unheard by the Congress, the President, or the people... outwardly

we have a Constitutional government. We have operating within our government and

political system, another body representing another form of government, a

bureaucratic elite which believes our Constitution is outmoded and is sure that it is the

winning side.... All the strange developments in the foreign policy agreements may be

traced to this group who are going to make us over to suit their pleasure.... This

political action group has its own local political support organizations, its own pressure

groups, its own vested interests, its foothold within our government, and its own

propaganda apparatus."



1958 -- World Peace through World Law is published, where authors Grenville Clark

and Louis Sohn advocate using the U.N. as a governing body for the world, world

disarmament, a world police force and legislature.



1959 -- The Council on Foreign Relations calls for a New International Order Study

Number 7, issued on November 25, advocated:



"... new international order [which] must be responsive to world aspirations for peace,

for social and economic change... an international order... including states labeling

themselves as 'socialist' [communist]."



1959 -- The World Constitution and Parliament Association is founded which later

develops a Diagram of World Government under the Constitution for the Federation of

Earth.



1959 -- The Mid-Century Challenge to U.S. Foreign Policy is published, sponsored by

the Rockefeller Brothers' Fund. It explains that the U.S.:

"... cannot escape, and indeed should welcome... the task which history has imposed on

us. This is the task of helping to shape a new world order in all its dimensions --

spiritual, economic, political, social."



September 9, 1960 -- President Eisenhower signs Senate Joint Resolution 170,

promoting the concept of a federal Atlantic Union. Pollster and Atlantic Union

Committee treasurer, Elmo Roper, later delivers an address titled, The Goal Is

Government of All the World, in which he states:



"For it becomes clear that the first step toward World Government cannot be

completed until we have advanced on the four fronts: the economic, the military, the

political and the social."



1961 -- The U.S. State Department issues a plan to disarm all nations and arm the United

Nations. State Department Document Number 7277 is entitled Freedom From War:

The U.S. Program for General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World. It

details a three-stage plan to disarm all nations and arm the U.N. with the final stage in

which "no state would have the military power to challenge the progressively

strengthened U.N. Peace Force."



March 1, 1962 -- Sen. Clark speaking on the floor of the Senate about PL 87-297 which

calls for the disbanding of all armed forces and the prohibition of their re-establishment

in any form whatsoever. "... This program is the fixed, determined and approved policy

of the government of the United States."



1962 -- New Calls for World Federalism. In a study titled, A World Effectively

Controlled by the United Nations, CFR member Lincoln Bloomfield states:



"... if the communist dynamic was greatly abated, the West might lose whatever

incentive it has for world government."



The Future of Federalism by author Nelson Rockefeller is published. The one-time

Governor of New York, claims that current events compellingly demand a "new world

order," as the old order is crumbling, and there is "a new and free order struggling to be

born." Rockefeller says there is:



"a fever of nationalism... [but] the nation-state is becoming less and less competent to

perform its international political tasks....These are some of the reasons pressing us to

lead vigorously toward the true building of a new world order... [with] voluntary

service... and our dedicated faith in the brotherhood of all mankind.... Sooner perhaps

than we may realize... there will evolve the bases for a federal structure of the free

world."



1963 -- J. William Fulbright, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee

speaks at a symposium sponsored by the Fund for the Republic, a left-wing project of the

Ford Foundation:

"The case for government by elites is irrefutable... government by the people is possible

but highly improbable."



1964 -- Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook II is published. Author

Benjamin Bloom states:



"... a large part of what we call 'good teaching' is the teacher's ability to attain

affective objectives through challenging the students' fixed beliefs."



His Outcome-Based Education (OBE) method of teaching would first be tried as

Mastery Learning in Chicago schools. After five years, Chicago students' test scores had

plummeted causing outrage among parents. OBE would leave a trail of wreckage

wherever it would be tried and under whatever name it would be used. At the same time,

it would become crucial to globalists for overhauling the education system to promote

attitude changes among school students.



1964 -- Visions of Order by Richard Weaver is published. He describes:



"progressive educators as a 'revolutionary cabal' engaged in 'a systematic attempt to

undermine society's traditions and beliefs.'"



1967 -- Richard Nixon calls for New World Order. In Asia after Vietnam, in the October

issue of Foreign Affairs, Nixon writes of nations' dispositions to evolve regional

approaches to development needs and to the evolution of a "new world order."



1968 -- Joy Elmer Morgan, former editor of the NEA Journal publishes The American

Citizens Handbook in which he says:



"the coming of the United Nations and the urgent necessity that it evolve into a more

comprehensive form of world government places upon the citizens of the United States

an increased obligation to make the most of their citizenship which now widens into

active world citizenship."



July 26, 1968 -- Nelson Rockefeller pledges support of the New World Order. In an

Associated Press report, Rockefeller pledges that, "as President, he would work toward

international creation of a new world order."



1970 -- Education and the mass media promote world order. In Thinking About A New

World Order for the Decade 1990, author Ian Baldwin, Jr. asserts that:



"... the World Law Fund has begun a worldwide research and educational program

that will introduce a new, emerging discipline -- world order -- into educational

curricula throughout the world... and to concentrate some of its energies on bringing

basic world order concepts into the mass media again on a worldwide level."

1972 -- President Nixon visits China. In his toast to Chinese Premier Chou En-lai, former

CFR member and now President, Richard Nixon, expresses "the hope that each of us

has to build a new world order."



May 18, 1972 -- In speaking of the coming of world government, Roy M. Ash, director

of the Office of Management and Budget, declares that:



"within two decades the institutional framework for a world economic community will

be in place... [and] aspects of individual sovereignty will be given over to a

supernational authority."



1973 -- The Trilateral Commission is established. Banker David Rockefeller organizes

this new private body and chooses Zbigniew Brzezinski, later National Security Advisor

to President Carter, as the Commission's first director and invites Jimmy Carter to

become a founding member.



1973 -- Humanist Manifesto II is published:



"The next century can be and should be the humanistic century... we stand at the dawn

of a new age... a secular society on a planetary scale.... As non-theists we begin with

humans not God, nature not deity... we deplore the division of humankind on

nationalistic grounds.... Thus we look to the development of a system of world law and

a world order based upon transnational federal government.... The true revolution is

occurring."



April, 1974 -- Former U. S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Trilateralist and CFR

member Richard Gardner's article The Hard Road to World Order is published in the

CFR's Foreign Affairs where he states that:



"the 'house of world order' will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from

the top down... but an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece,

will accomplish much more than the old-fashioned frontal assault."



1974 -- The World Conference of Religion for Peace, held in Louvain, Belgium is held.

Douglas Roche presents a report entitled We Can Achieve a New World Order.



The U.N. calls for wealth redistribution: In a report entitled New International Economic

Order, the U.N. General Assembly outlines a plan to redistribute the wealth from the rich

to the poor nations.



1975 -- A study titled, A New World Order, is published by the Center of International

Studies, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Studies, Princeton

University.

1975 -- In Congress, 32 Senators and 92 Representatives sign A Declaration of

Interdependence, written by historian Henry Steele Commager. The Declaration states

that:



"we must join with others to bring forth a new world order... Narrow notions of

national sovereignty must not be permitted to curtail that obligation."



Congresswoman Marjorie Holt refuses to sign the Declaration saying:



"It calls for the surrender of our national sovereignty to international organizations. It

declares that our economy should be regulated by international authorities. It proposes

that we enter a 'new world order' that would redistribute the wealth created by the

American people."



1975 -- Retired Navy Admiral Chester Ward, former Judge Advocate General of the U.S.

Navy and former CFR member, writes in a critique that the goal of the CFR is the

"submergence of U. S. sovereignty and national independence into an all powerful

one-world government... "



1975 -- Kissinger on the Couch is published. Authors Phyllis Schlafly and former CFR

member Chester Ward state:



"Once the ruling members of the CFR have decided that the U.S. government should

espouse a particular policy, the very substantial research facilities of the CFR are put

to work to develop arguments, intellectual and emotional, to support the new policy and

to confound, discredit, intellectually and politically, any opposition... "



1976 -- RIO: Reshaping the International Order is published by the globalist Club of

Rome, calling for a new international order, including an economic redistribution of

wealth.



1977 -- The Third Try at World Order is published. Author Harlan Cleveland of the

Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies calls for:



"changing Americans' attitudes and institutions" for "complete disarmament (except

for international soldiers)" and "for individual entitlement to food, health and

education."



1977 -- Imperial Brain Trust by Laurence Shoup and William Minter is published. The

book takes a critical look at the Council on Foreign Relations with chapters such as:

Shaping a New World Order: The Council's Blueprint for Global Hegemony, 1939-

1944 and Toward the 1980's: The Council's Plans for a New World Order.



1977 -- The Trilateral Connection appears in the July edition of Atlantic Monthly.

Written by Jeremiah Novak, it says:

"For the third time in this century, a group of American schools, businessmen, and

government officials is planning to fashion a New World Order... "



1977 -- Leading educator Mortimer Adler publishes Philosopher at Large in which he

says:



"... if local civil government is necessary for local civil peace, then world civil

government is necessary for world peace."



1979 -- Barry Goldwater, retiring Republican Senator from Arizona, publishes his

autobiography With No Apologies. He writes:



"In my view The Trilateral Commission represents a skillful, coordinated effort to seize

control and consolidate the four centers of power -- political, monetary, intellectual,

and ecclesiastical. All this is to be done in the interest of creating a more peaceful,

more productive world community. What the Trilateralists truly intend is the creation

of a worldwide economic power superior to the political governments of the nation-

states involved. They believe the abundant materialism they propose to create will

overwhelm existing differences. As managers and creators of the system they will rule

the future."



1984 -- The Power to Lead is published. Author James McGregor Burns admits:



"The framers of the U.S. constitution have simply been too shrewd for us. The have

outwitted us. They designed separate institutions that cannot be unified by mechanical

linkages, frail bridges, tinkering. If we are to 'turn the Founders upside down' -- we

must directly confront the constitutional structure they erected."



1985 -- Norman Cousins, the honorary chairman of Planetary Citizens for the World We

Chose, is quoted in Human Events:



"World government is coming, in fact, it is inevitable. No arguments for or against it

can change that fact."



Cousins was also president of the World Federalist Association, an affiliate of the World

Association for World Federation (WAWF), headquartered in Amsterdam. WAWF is a

leading force for world federal government and is accredited by the U.N. as a Non-

Governmental Organization.



1987 -- The Secret Constitution and the Need for Constitutional Change is sponsored in

part by the Rockefeller Foundation. Some thoughts of author Arthur S. Miller are:



"... a pervasive system of thought control exists in the United States... the citizenry is

indoctrinated by employment of the mass media and the system of public education...

people are told what to think about... the old order is crumbling... Nationalism should

be seen as a dangerous social disease... A new vision is required to plan and manage

the future, a global vision that will transcend national boundaries and eliminate the

poison of nationalistic solutions... a new Constitution is necessary."



1988 -- Former Under-secretary of State and CFR member George Ball in a January 24

interview in the New York Times says:



"The Cold War should no longer be the kind of obsessive concern that it is. Neither

side is going to attack the other deliberately... If we could internationalize by using the

U.N. in conjunction with the Soviet Union, because we now no longer have to fear, in

most cases, a Soviet veto, then we could begin to transform the shape of the world and

might get the U.N. back to doing something useful... Sooner or later we are going to

have to face restructuring our institutions so that they are not confined merely to the

nation-states. Start first on a regional and ultimately you could move to a world basis."



December 7, 1988 -- In an address to the U.N., Mikhail Gorbachev calls for mutual

consensus:



"World progress is only possible through a search for universal human consensus as

we move forward to a new world order."



May 12, 1989 -- President Bush invites the Soviets to join World Order. Speaking to the

graduating class at Texas A&M University, Mr. Bush states that the United States is

ready to welcome the Soviet Union "back into the world order."



1989 -- Carl Bernstein's (Woodward and Bernstein of Watergate fame) book Loyalties: A

Son's Memoir is published. His father and mother had been members of the Communist

party. Bernstein's father tells his son about the book:



"You're going to prove [Sen. Joseph] McCarthy was right, because all he was saying is

that the system was loaded with Communists. And he was right... I'm worried about the

kind of book you're going to write and about cleaning up McCarthy. The problem is

that everybody said he was a liar; you're saying he was right... I agree that the Party

was a force in the country."



1990 -- The World Federalist Association faults the American press. Writing in their

Summer/Fall newsletter, Deputy Director Eric Cox describes world events over the past

year or two and declares:



"It's sad but true that the slow-witted American press has not grasped the significance

of most of these developments. But most federalists know what is happening... And they

are not frightened by the old bug-a-boo of sovereignty."



September 11, 1990 -- President Bush calls the Gulf War an opportunity for the New

World Order. In an address to Congress entitled Toward a New World Order, Mr. Bush

says:

"The crisis in the Persian Gulf offers a rare opportunity to move toward an historic

period of cooperation. Out of these troubled times... a new world order can emerge in

which the nations of the world, east and west, north and south, can prosper and live in

harmony.... Today the new world is struggling to be born."



September 25, 1990 -- In an address to the U.N., Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard

Shevardnadze describes Iraq's invasion of Kuwait as "an act of terrorism [that] has been

perpetrated against the emerging New World Order." On December 31, Gorbachev

declares that the New World Order would be ushered in by the Gulf Crisis.



October 1, 1990 -- In a U.N. address, President Bush speaks of the:



"... collective strength of the world community expressed by the U.N. ... an historic

movement towards a new world order... a new partnership of nations... a time when

humankind came into its own... to bring about a revolution of the spirit and the mind

and begin a journey into a... new age."



1991 -- Author Linda MacRae-Campbell publishes How to Start a Revolution at Your

School in the publication In Context. She promotes the use of "change agents" as "self-

acknowledged revolutionaries" and "co-conspirators."



1991 -- President Bush praises the New World Order in a State of Union Message:



"What is at stake is more than one small country, it is a big idea -- a new world order...

to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind... based on shared principles and the

rule of law.... The illumination of a thousand points of light.... The winds of change are

with us now."



February 6, 1991 -- President Bush tells the Economic Club of New York:



"My vision of a new world order foresees a United Nations with a revitalized

peacekeeping function."



June, 1991 -- The Council on Foreign Relations co-sponsors an assembly Rethinking

America's Security: Beyond Cold War to New World Order which is attended by 65

prestigious members of government, labor, academia, the media, military, and the

professions from nine countries. Later, several of the conference participants joined some

100 other world leaders for another closed door meeting of the Bilderberg Society in

Baden Baden, Germany. The Bilderbergers also exert considerable clout in determining

the foreign policies of their respective governments. While at that meeting, David

Rockefeller said in a speech:



"We are grateful to the Washington Post, The New York Times, Time Magazine and

other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected

their promises of discretion for almost forty years. It would have been impossible for us

to develop our plan for the world if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity

during those years. But, the world is now more sophisticated and prepared to march

towards a world government. The supranational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and

world bankers is surely preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past

centuries."



July, 1991 -- The Southeastern World Affairs Institute discusses the New World Order.

In a program, topics include, Legal Structures for a New World Order and The United

Nations: From its Conception to a New World Order. Participants include a former

director of the U.N.'s General Legal Division, and a former Secretary General of

International Planned Parenthood.



Late July, 1991 -- On a Cable News Network program, CFR member and former CIA

director Stansfield Turner (Rhodes scholar), when asked about Iraq, responded:



"We have a much bigger objective. We've got to look at the long run here. This is an

example -- the situation between the United Nations and Iraq -- where the United

Nations is deliberately intruding into the sovereignty of a sovereign nation... Now this

is a marvelous precedent (to be used in) all countries of the world... "



October 29, 1991 -- David Funderburk, former U. S. Ambassador to Romania, tells a

North Carolina audience:



"George Bush has been surrounding himself with people who believe in one-world

government. They believe that the Soviet system and the American system are

converging." The vehicle to bring this about, said Funderburk, is the United Nations,

"the majority of whose 166 member states are socialist, atheist, and anti-American."



Funderburk served as ambassador in Bucharest from 1981 to 1985, when he resigned in

frustration over U.S. support of the oppressive regime of the late Rumanian dictator,

Nicolae Ceausescu.



October 30, 1991: -- President Gorbachev at the Middle East Peace Talks in Madrid

states:



"We are beginning to see practical support. And this is a very significant sign of the

movement towards a new era, a new age... We see both in our country and elsewhere...

ghosts of the old thinking... When we rid ourselves of their presence, we will be better

able to move toward a new world order... relying on the relevant mechanisms of the

United Nations."



Elsewhere, in Alexandria, Virginia, Elena Lenskaya, Counsellor to the Minister of

Education of Russia, delivers the keynote address for a program titled, Education for a

New World Order.



1992 -- The Twilight of Sovereignty by CFR member (and former Citicorp Chairman)

Walter Wriston is published, in which he claims:

"A truly global economy will require ... compromises of national sovereignty... There is

no escaping the system."



1992 -- The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

(UNCED) Earth Summit takes place in Rio de Janeiro this year, headed by Conference

Secretary-General Maurice Strong. The main products of this summit are the Biodiversity

Treaty and Agenda 21, which the U.S. hesitates to sign because of opposition at home

due to the threat to sovereignty and economics. The summit says the first world's wealth

must be transferred to the third world.



July 20, 1992 -- Time magazine publishes The Birth of the Global Nation by Strobe

Talbott, Rhodes Scholar, roommate of Bill Clinton at Oxford University, CFR Director,

and Trilateralist, in which he writes:



"All countries are basically social arrangements... No matter how permanent or even

sacred they may seem at any one time, in fact they are all artificial and temporary...

Perhaps national sovereignty wasn't such a great idea after all... But it has taken the

events in our own wondrous and terrible century to clinch the case for world

government."



As an editor of Time, Talbott defended Clinton during his presidential campaign. He was

appointed by President Clinton as the number two person at the State Department behind

Secretary of State Warren Christopher, former Trilateralist and former CFR Vice-

Chairman and Director. Talbott was confirmed by about two-thirds of the U.S. Senate

despite his statement about the unimportance of national sovereignty.



September 29, 1992 -- At a town hall meeting in Los Angeles, Trilateralist and former

CFR president Winston Lord delivers a speech titled Changing Our Ways: America and

the New World, in which he remarks:



"To a certain extent, we are going to have to yield some of our sovereignty, which will

be controversial at home... [Under] the North American Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA)... some Americans are going to be hurt as low-wage jobs are taken away."



Lord became an Assistant Secretary of State in the Clinton administration.



1992 -- President Bush addressing the General Assembly of the U.N said:



"It is the sacred principles enshrined in the United Nations charter to which the

American people will henceforth pledge their allegiance."



Winter, 1992-93 -- The CFR's Foreign Affairs publishes Empowering the United

Nations by U.N. Secretary General Boutros-Boutros Ghali, who asserts:



"It is undeniable that the centuries-old doctrine of absolute and exclusive sovereignty

no longer stands... Underlying the rights of the individual and the rights of peoples is a

dimension of universal sovereignty that resides in all humanity... It is a sense that

increasingly finds expression in the gradual expansion of international law... In this

setting the significance of the United Nations should be evident and accepted."



1993 -- Strobe Talbott receives the Norman Cousins Global Governance Award for his

1992 Time article, The Birth of the Global Nation and in appreciation for what he has

done "for the cause of global governance." President Clinton writes a letter of

congratulation which states:



"Norman Cousins worked for world peace and world government.... Strobe Talbott's

lifetime achievements as a voice for global harmony have earned him this

recognition... He will be a worthy recipient of the Norman Cousins Global Governance

Award. Best wishes... for future success."



Not only does President Clinton use the specific term, "world government," but he also

expressly wishes the WFA "future success" in pursuing world federal government.

Talbott proudly accepts the award, but says the WFA should have given it to the other

nominee, Mikhail Gorbachev.



July 18, 1993 -- CFR member and Trilateralist Henry Kissinger writes in the Los

Angeles Times concerning NAFTA:



"What Congress will have before it is not a conventional trade agreement but the

architecture of a new international system... a first step toward a new world order."



August 23, 1993 -- Christopher Hitchens, Socialist friend of Bill Clinton when he was at

Oxford University, says in a C-SPAN interview:



"... it is, of course the case that there is a ruling class in this country, and that it has

allies internationally."



October 30, 1993 -- Washington Post ombudsman Richard Harwood does an op-ed piece

about the role of the CFR's media members:



"Their membership is an acknowledgment of their ascension into the American ruling

class [where] they do not merely analyze and interpret foreign policy for the United

States; they help make it."



January/February, 1994 -- The CFR's Foreign Affairs prints an opening article by CFR

Senior Fellow Michael Clough in which he writes that the "Wise Men" (e.g. Paul Nitze,

Dean Acheson, George Kennan, and John J. McCloy) have:



"assiduously guarded it [American foreign policy] for the past 50 years... They

ascended to power during World War II... This was as it should be. National security

and the national interest, they argued must transcend the special interests and passions

of the people who make up America... How was this small band of Atlantic-minded

internationalists able to triumph ... Eastern internationalists were able to shape and

staff the burgeoning foreign policy institutions... As long as the Cold War endured and

nuclear Armageddon seemed only a missile away, the public was willing to tolerate

such an undemocratic foreign policy making system."



1994 -- In the Human Development Report, published by the UN Development Program,

there was a section called "Global Governance For the 21st Century". The

administrator for this program was appointed by Bill Clinton. His name is James Gustave

Speth. The opening sentence of the report said:



"Mankind's problems can no longer be solved by national government. What is needed

is a World Government. This can best be achieved by strengthening the United Nations

system."



1995 -- The State of the World Forum took place in the fall of this year, sponsored by the

Gorbachev Foundation located at the Presidio in San Francisco. Foundation President Jim

Garrison chairs the meeting of who's-whos from around the world including Margaret

Thatcher, Maurice Strong, George Bush, Mikhail Gorbachev and others. Conversation

centers around the oneness of mankind and the coming global government. However, the

term "global governance" is now used in place of "new world order" since the latter has

become a political liability, being a lightning rod for opponents of global government.



1996 -- The United Nations 420-page report Our Global Neighborhood is published. It

outlines a plan for "global governance," calling for an international Conference on

Global Governance in 1998 for the purpose of submitting to the world the necessary

treaties and agreements for ratification by the year 2000.







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Timeline to Global Governance



The Society of the Elect and the Association of Helpers - (also known as the

"Secret Society,"), was created by Cecil Rhodes, Alfred Milner, William T.

1891 Stead, Reginald Baliol Brett, and Lord Esher, in London. Rhodes died in 1902,

leaving the society, and his fortune, under the control of Milner, who

established the Rhodes Scholar program. Good background here.

The Round Table - a periodical, first published by Milner's "Secret Society" for

Britain's intellectual community. The writers, and those associated with the

1910

publication became known as the Round Table Group, and later, the Chatham

House crowd. Comprehensive background.

Edward Mandell House - published Philip Dru: Administrator,a novel

describing how the world could best be governed by a benevolent administrator.

1912 House traveled in Europe in 1909, and met Woodrow Wilson November 25,

1911. Chronology: Met Sir Edward Grey (member of Milner's group) in

1913.

Woodrow Wilson, U.S. President - Edward Mandell House served as

Wilson's campaign manager, and then as chief advisor. Franklin D. Roosevelt

appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy.

1913

Federal Reserve Act enacted - creating the first "central bank" in

America. Paul Warberg, whose family controlled the Reichsbank in

Germany, was the architect of the system.

World War I Begins - Wilson campaigned against U.S. entry into the war, then

1914

entered the war in 1917, one year before it ended.

Wilson's 14 Points - presented to a joint session of Congress on January

8. The document was developed by Colonel Mandell House and advisors known

as the "Inquiry."

1918 The League of Nations - first proposed in The Round Table, in

December, in an article entitled The League of Nations: A Practical

Suggestion, written by Edward Mandell House and Lionel Curtis, a member of

the original Rhodes/Milner "Secret Soceity."

Paris Peace Conference - House is Wilson's chief deputy at the conference

where he expanded his association with leaders of the Milner group.

Genesis of the CFR and RIIA - At a meeting on May 30, at the Majestic

Hotel in Paris, Edward M. House, Lionel Curtis, Lord Eustace Percy, Harold

Temperley, Herbert Hoover, Christian Herter, James T. Shotwell (Columbia),

1919 Charles Seymore (Yale), Archibald C. Coolidge (Harvard), were among 50

individuals who decided to create the Council on Foreign Relations in the

U.S., and the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London.

The Treaty of Versailles - signed June 28, ended the war and

incorporated The Covenant of the League of Nations as the first 30 Articles -

very much as had been proposed by House and Curtis.

League of Nations rejected by U.S. Senate - despite herculean efforts

on both sides of the Atlantic.

1920

Royal Institute of International Affairs - organized by the Milner

group, housed at the Chatham House in London.

Council on Foreign Relations - organized as U.S. counterpart to

Royal Institute of International Affairs. John W. Davis, attorney to J.P.

1921 Morgan, was first president. Paul Warberg and J.D. Rockefeller were among

initial funders. Began publishing Foreign Affairs in 1922. Described by

Senator Barry Goldwater in 1979.

1925 Mein Kampf - published by Adolf Hitler.

Stock Market Crash - Sets the stage for world wide depression,

1929

international response, and another war.

Bank of International Settlements - created in Basel, Switzerland.

1930 J.P. Morgan & Company, and others involved with the creation of the Federal

Reserve, were among the founders.

Franklin D. Roosevelt - begins his presidency amid the great depression.

"The New Deal" was formulated by leftist, Henry A. Wallace, Secretary

1932 of Agriculture, and Secretary of State, Cordell Hulll, who, as a Senator,

supported Wilson's League of Nations. Hull began drafting a United Nations

Charter two weeks after Pearl Harbor.

1933 The Wilderness Society - founded by Bob Marshall, a socialist.

1936 National Wildlife Federation - founded.

World marches toward war - A chronology of events leading to

1938

World War II, the event which gave rise to the United Nations.

FDR delivers "Four Freedoms" speech - (January 6), and the Atlantic

Conference (August 14), embody the idea of disarming sovereign nations

1941 under international authority.

Declaration of War on Japan (December 8); Declaration of

War on Germany (December 11).

Declaration by "United Nations" - first official use of the name

1942

"United Nations," suggested by Roosevelt. Chronnology of related events.

Moscow Conference - Articles 5 - 7 refer to "United Nations" and post-

1943 war permanent organization.

United Nations Association - created by Eleanor Roosevelt.

Bretton Woods Agreements - created the World Bank , and the

International Monetary Fund . Henry Morganthau delivered the

closing address. (Background and conference details.)

1944

Dumbarton Oaks Conversations - produce the draft

recommendations for a United Nations organization. The U.S. Team, led by

Edward Stettinius, included Alger Hiss, Ralph Bunche, Leo Pasvolsky, and

Grayson Kirk. Overview of the meeting.

Yalta Conference - (February) reached agreement on U.N. draft

recommendations and set the date for U.N. conference. Germany

surrenders (May 7).

U.N. Charter - signed June 26, in San Francisco. Ratified by Senate (89-2)

1945 July 28.

International Court of Justice - established in The Hague.

August 6, & 9, atomic bombs dropped on Japan. Japan surrenders

(August 14).

UNESCO - created in London, November 16.

U.S. joins UNESCO - Julian Huxley, president of the Eugenics

Society, and author of "The New Divinity", first Director. Socialist

1946

Joseph Needham, appointed Director of Natural Science.

World Health Organization created.

World Federalist Association - founded in Asheville, North Carolina

1947

World Federalist Movement - founded in Switzerland.

IUCN Created - by Julian Huxley, in Geneva. Headquarters in Gland,

Switzerland The U.S. Government, and several agencies are members.

1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights - adopted by U.N. General

Assembly

Environmental Education - concept introduced to the U.N. by the IUCN.

1949 UNESCO Publication 356 - "Toward World Understanding."

1951 The Nature Conservancy - organized.

1959 United Nations Development Program - evolved to maturity.

Temple of Understanding - organized in New York. Dr. Robert Muller

1960

on Advisory Board.

Freedom From War - State Department Publication 7277, setting forth U.S.

1961 disarmament policy in favor of U.N. peacekeeping.

World Wildlife Fund - organized by Julian Huxley and IUCN.

Wilderness Act of 1964 - and how it came to be.

1964

UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development established.

ECOSOC Resolution 1296 - directed by Dr. Robert Muller, establishes

"Consultative Status" for NGOs (non-government organizations). Lucis Trust

1968

among first NGOs accredited.

Club of Rome - organized, and published Limits to Growth.

First Earth Day - founder, Gaylord Nelson. Another view of Earth

Day.

1970 World Conference on Religion and Peace - opened headquartrs at the

U.N. Center. Held conference in Kyoto, Japan, was accredited by ECOSOC in

1973.

Environmental Protection Agency - created.

RAMSAR Treaty on Wetlands - signed in Ramsar, Iran. IUCN driving

1971

force behind RAMSAR.

Clean Water Act - passed by Congress. Wetland definition expanded by

lawsuit brought by National Wildlife Federation, resulting in "Tulloch"

decision in 1993. Tulloch overturned in 1997.

World Heritage Convention - adopted by UNESCO. Technical

1972 Review.

Earth Summit I - First U.N. Conference on Environment. Maurice

Strong Conference leader.

James Parks Morton became dean of the Cathedral of St. John the

Divine in New York City.

CITES Signed - (March 3 - Convention on International Trade in Endangered

Species). IUCN and WWF driving force behind CITES. Endangered

Species Act - became U.S. law.

U.N. Environment Program - launched with Maurice Strong first

1973 Executive Director.

Trilateral Commission - formed, most participants also members of

Council on Foreign Relations.

UNEP's Regional Seas Program - expands environmental outreach.

Survey of U.S. participation.

Belgrade Charter - Global Framework for Environmental Education.

1975

Promoted by NAAEE

HABITAT I - adopts U.N. policy on land. William K. Reilly and Carla

Hills signed for U.S.

Federal Land Policy Management Act - adopted.

1976

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - becomes

international law.

UNIFEM - created to promote womens' rights.

1978 Global Taxation - first proposed by James Tobin. Current status.

U.S. MAB - (Man and the Biosphere Program) launched by agency agreement

with UNESCO.

First World Climate Conference - held in Geneva, Switzerland.

1979 World Core Curriculum - introduced by Dr. Robert Muller, through the

Robert Muller Schools.

CEDAW - (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination

Against Women) adopted by the U.N. General Assembly.

World Conservation Strategy - published jointly by UNEP, IUCN, and

WWF.

1980

MacBride Commission - (International Commission for the Study of

Communications Problems. Report: Many Voices, One World. Chaired by

Sean MacBride. Early efforts to control communications.

Brandt Commission - (Independent Commission on International

Development) chaired by Willy Brandt. Report: North-South: A Program for

Survival linked economic equity to development and was beginning of

"sustainable development" concept.

Palme Commission - (Independent Commission on Disarmament and

Security Issues). Report: Common Security: A Blueprint For Survival linked

security to development. Chaired by Olof Palme.

World Resources Institute - organized with help from Russell E.

1982

Train. Gustave Speth first director.

World Charter for Nature - precursor to the Earth Charter.

U.N. Convention on the Law of the seas - which created the

International Seabed Authority.

U.N. Convention on Ozone Depleting Substances - adopted in

1985

Vienna, Austria.

Montreal Protocol - converts voluntary Ozone Treaty into international law.

Brundtland Commission - (World Commission on Environment and

Development). Report: Our Common Future, which defined "sustainable

1987 development". Chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland. Members included

Shridath Ramphal and Maurice Strong .

Institute for Global Communications - created by the Tides

Fouundtion to facilitate NGO communications.

Global Forum on Human Survival - held in Oxford, England. Co-

sponsored by the Temple of Understanding and the U.N. Committee on

Parliamentarians and Population, chaired by James Parks Morton. James

1988

Lovelock was the featured speaker. Complete background here .

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - created by WMO and

UNEP.

Berlin Wall falls - (November 9), USSR begins to disintegrate.

1989 Convention on Rights of the Child - adopted by the U.N.

Climate Action Network - created in Germany to promote climate treaty.

Global Forum on Human Survival - held in Moscow, hosted by Mikhail

Gorbachev, and Javier Perez de Cuellar, chaired by James Parks

Morton.

World Summit for Children - held in New York; adopted Plan of

1990 Action.

Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO)

- created by Bella Abzug.

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)

- created at the invitation of the U.N.,to advance Agenda 21 at the local level.

1991 Caring for the Earth - published jointly by UNEP, IUCN, and WWF.

Stockholm Initiative on Global Security and Governance - origin

of Commission on Global Goverance.

Commission on Global Governance - established. Willy Brandt, with

the blessings of Boutros Boutros-Ghali, appointed Ingvar Carlsson and

Shridath Ramphal (IUCN president) as co-chairs.

Global Biodiversity Strategy - published jointly by UNEP, IUCN, WWF,

and WRI.

U.N. Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) -

Rio de Janeiro. Chaired by Maurice Strong. Produced: Agenda 21;

Convention on Biological Diversity; Framework Convention on

Climate Change; Statement of Forest Principles; and the Rio

1992 Declaration.

U.N. Commission on Sustainable Development - created to advance

Agenda 21.

Earth Council - created in Costa Rica by Maurice Strong to coordinate

global implementation of Agenda 21 through "National Councils" on

Sustainable Development.

National Religious Partnership for the Environment - outgrowth of

Temple of Understanding's "Joint Appeal."

The Wildlands Project - published by Dave Foreman, co-founder of

Earth First!. Project seeks to convert half of America to wilderness.

President's Council on Sustainable Development - created by

Executive Order No. 12852 to implement Agenda 21 in America, co-

chaired by WRI president, Jonathan Lash.

First Meridian Conference on Global Governance - held in Bolinas,

1993

California.

World Conference on Human Rights - in Vienna.

Green Cross - founded by Mikhail Gorbachev.

BIONET - created to promote Convention on Biological Diversity.

World Trade Organization - formed at Uruguay round of GATT

1994 negotiations.

U.N. Conference on Population and Development - in Cairo

World Summit on Social Development - in Copenhagen.

Commission on Sustainable Development - met in New York.

Fourth World Women's Congress - in Beijing. Documents.

State of the World Forum - San Francisco, hosted by Mikhail Gorbachev

and Maruice Strong.

1995

Our Global Neighborhood - final report released by the Commission on

Global Governance.

Analysis - of Commission report.

Global Biodiversity Assessment - released by UNEP. Coordinated by

Robert Watson.

U.N. Conference on Human Settlements (HABITAT II) - Istanbul.

Community Sustainability , U.S. HUD's report to the conference.

1996

Instanbul Declaration on Human Settlements.

Campaign for U.N. Reform - organized to lobby for global governance.

Al Gore's report - to the U.N. at Rio +5. A broader view of Agenda 21

implementation.

Kyoto Protocol - Adopted in Kyoto, Japan. Converts voluntary climate

1997

change treaty to binding international law. On-site reports.

International Conference on Environment and Society - sponsored

by UNESCO in Thessaloniki. Survey of environmental education movement.

International Criminal Court - created in Rome. On-site reports from

Rome.

1998 International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA) - created to

lobby for U.N. gun control.

U.N. Climate Change Conference - in Buenos Aires.

Charter for Global Democracy - consolidates recommendations of

Commission on Global Governance into 12 principles.

1999 World NGO Conference - held in Canada to promote plan for "The Peoples

Assembly."

U.N. Climate Change Conference - in Bonn.

Earth Charter - final draft.

NGO Millennium Forum - New York, precursor to "The People's

Assembly."

UNDPI/NGO Forum - August 28 - 30, New York (to strengthen "Civil

Society" in UN operations)

2000

Millennium Peace Summit of Religious and Spiritual Leaders - August 28

- 31, New York

State of the World Forum - September 4 - 10, New York

Millennium Assembly - September 5 - 8, New York

Millennium Summit - September 6 -8, New York

Back



http://www.prisonplanet.com/timeline_to_global_governance.htm

RELIGION

Ushering in the One-World Religion



By Wendy Griffith

CBN News Reporter

http://www.prisonplanet.com/ushering_in_the_one_world_religion.htm





The summit was endorsed by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan who said "the future of

the world depends on women."





CBN.com – GENEVA, Switzerland — A one world government and a one world

religion — it may just sound like fiction from the popular "Left Behind" novel series. But

some Christians say this scenario may be closer than most people think.



Earlier this fall in Geneva, hundreds of spiritual and religious leaders met at the United

Nations for a peace summit. And although all the major faiths were there, including some

who claim to represent Christianity, it was clear that Jesus was not invited.



The event was actually the first ever UN summit of women religious leaders. Mournful

cries could be heard emanating from one of the meetings as more than 500 women from

more than 70 countries came to talk about ways to achieve world peace. Most were from

"Eastern religions" — Buddhists, Taoists and Hindus.



And a woman named "Amma," who is known as the "hugging saint," came with her own

band of followers. She claims to be able to impart "divine love and wisdom" in her hug.

She said, "It's not only hugging but it is also imparting that spiritual principal into people,

so to have them know who they are, so once you know that, peace will spontaneously

happen."



Honorary Chair Shirley MacLaine, known for her adventures into New Age, did not

show, but several celebrities did, including Linda Evans, Lindsay Wagner and Linda

Gray of "Dallas" fame.



Gray said, "I was raised Catholic, I bless that base, I think if you have a strong religious

base where, whatever it is, then you branch out from there, or expand on it."



The summit was endorsed by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan who said "the future of

the world depends on women."



As the women gathered near the banks of beautiful Lake Geneva, Bawa Jain, one of the

organizers and one of the few men present, said, "And behold the power of women, look

at that, the rain stopped, (laughs) this is the power of women, a true demonstration here."

Bawa Jain then led the women in a chant for peace. "Say it with me three times, ‘No

more violence, No more violence, No more violence,’" he said.



Rev. Joan Brown Campbell, co-chair of the Global Peace Initiative, said, "The

thunderclouds of war gather around us, the sky grows dark but it never does envelope us.

In a few moments we will light a single candle, and from that candle many will receive

the light and that light will shine in the darkness."



A participant named Hanna Strong said, "The only way we're ever going to have peace is

by people being peaceful inside, no aggression, no hatred, we have to transform these

negative emotions that are creating situations for war."



Although there was much talk about peace and how women can harness their "feminine

energies" to bring peace to a hurting planet, there was no mention of the Prince of Peace,

Jesus Christ. Nor could we find any evangelical Christians either speaking at or attending

this world religions summit.



Rev. Brown Campbell said, "That's not a purposeful intent. This is a meeting, of course,

of people of all religions. And I think what we've all tried to do is to call on the common

deity that everyone will say… I mean everyone here would say there is a God, this is not

a group of Atheists, this is a group of people of faith, and for everyone there is a god-

person by whatever name."



When asked whether evangelical Christians were not invited on purpose, Rev. Brown

Campbell said, "No, no, no, not at all…the attempt to be broad scale means there are not

too many of any, and this is a first effort, identifying people was not simple."



The Geneva summit was a direct outcome of the Millennium World Peace Summit of

religious and spiritual leaders held at the United Nations in New York two years ago. At

that gathering, honorary chair and CNN founder Ted Turner endeared himself to the

crowd by promoting the New Age concept that there are many ways to heaven.



"The thing that disturbed me was that my religion, the Christian sect, was very intolerant,

not of religious freedom, but we thought we were the only ones going to heaven," Turner

said.



The belief that there are many ways to heaven was also part of the New Age gospel at the

Geneva summit. Strong said, "I'm very close to the Buddhists, the Taoists, the native

Americans and uh, peace to me is being one with the source." When asked if she was

referring to God "the Creator," she said, "Well, I don't necessary call it Creator, but, it's

one name."



Robert Maginnis, a former director of the Family Research Council, said of the summit,

"Well, I can see the possibility that it's the globalization of world religion."

Maginnis says it appears the hidden agenda is to unite people under one religious

umbrella so they will peacefully accept the UN's radical political goals. "I would submit

that the United Nations is very anti-life, they are anti-faith, anti-family, they're anti-

national sovereignty, but they are pro one-world government," he said.



Christian scholars say the Bible warns of a time when all the world will unite under a

false global religious and political system. Maginnis says, it appears the UN could be

taking the first steps in that direction.



"You're taking the Muslim community, the Christian community, the Hindus, the

Confucians and all the many hundreds of religious groups, trying to identify key leaders,

and you are basically trying to co-opt them into cooperating with you," he said.



Christians believe there is one way to heaven, because Jesus said, "I am the way, the truth

and the life and no man comes to the Father except by me."



But Rev. Brown Campbell said, "For me, that is true, I mean for me the way to God the

way to peace is through Jesus Christ, that's what I teach my children, that's what I teach

my grandchildren, and I believe that very, very strongly. But I also believe that for others,

there is a way that for them is true and precious, and I don't deny them that reality and I

respect that."



Maginnis said, "The name of Jesus has power and that's why Satan doesn't like it, he

doesn't want to hear it in the halls of the UN, whether it be in New York City or in

Geneva. So when Ms. Campbell presents herself as a representative for Christians, where

does the name Christian come from, it comes from Jesus Christ, the Lord and Savior; and

if you don't invoke His name in the context of world religion, then I think you've fallen

far short and clearly you've done a disservice to Christianity because He is the center of

our salvation."

Next CIA Head Backed Spying on Citizens, "Doesn't

Understand" 4th Amendment

The nomination of Negroponte's right hand man to head the

CIA signifies a further crackdown on civil liberties and the

forging ahead of the semi-secret Total Information Awareness

Program.



http://www.infowars.com/articles/ps/cia_next_head_backs_spying_citizens.htm



Steve Watson & Alex Jones / Prisonplanet | May 7 2006



General Michael V. Hayden is favourite to step up to take the head

position at the CIA after the resignation of Porter J Goss who stepped

down in advance of the revelations that he and a top aide may have

attended Watergate poker parties where bribes and hookers were

provided to corrupt congressmen.



Hayden is National Intelligence Director John Negroponte's senior

deputy.



"Such a move would bring further power to Mr Negroponte, a rising

star of the administration." reports the London Independent.



Negroponte’s job is to coordinate the work of 16 different intelligence

agencies, including the CIA and the giant National Security Agency,

which eavesdrops on international communications, as well as the

Energy Department and the Drug Enforcement Administration.

The role was created immediately after 9/11 and ties in with the

Defense Department's Total Information Awareness Program, which

seeks to gather a "lifetime paper trail" of all citizens and centralize the

information on a giant database.



The co-ordination of all intelligence gathering services by Negroponte

is the first step of this nightmarish Orwellian program. The excuse for

all this is of course the war on terror.



It has been claimed that Porter Goss was out of his depth as CIA head

and was merely a puppet who failed to tow the line. According to some

intelligence officials, he had been standing up for the CIA as an

autonomous agency, and was holding firm against

"micromanagement". Tensions came to a boil when John Negroponte

decided that many analysts from the CIA should be centralized and

moved to the new National Counterterrorism Center.



Negroponte is a NeoCon Stalwart who has been lurking in the shadows

as long as Cheney and Rumsfeld. He was a key figure behind the

invasion of Iraq, having served as ambassador there.



He was also intimately involved in the

Iran-Contra scandal, defying the House

and personally urging the CIA and the

president's national security adviser to

continue secretly arming contra rebels

and death squads from bases in

Honduras to overthrow the government

of Nicaragua.



The initial director of Total Information Awareness (TIA), John

Poindexter, has also been intimately involved with covert ops for

decades.



He too was exposed as a criminal traitor in the Iran Contra scandal,

lost his job as National Security Adviser under Ronald Reagan, and

was convicted of conspiracy, lying to Congress, defrauding the

government, and destroying evidence in the Iran Contra scandal.



These criminals are now being employed to run the country's

intelligence gathering network, spy on citizens and co-ordinate all the

information into huge databases.

General Hayden's appointment out of Negroponte's office is yet

another move towards the TIA agenda. If he gets the job, a military

officer would be in charge of every major US spy agency.



Hayden, as head of the NSA, oversaw the recently exposed secret

warrantless surveillance program against US citizens, dubbed the

"terrorist surveillance program", on behalf of President Bush, and has

been the most forceful defender of the eavesdropping program since

its disclosure in December.



In January of this year, Hayden, in an appearance today before the

National Press Club in Washington, D.C., appeared to be unfamiliar

with the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution when pressed by

a reporter with Knight Ridder's Washington office -- despite his claims

that he was actually something of an expert on it.



Click to view the video of the encounter



Its concerning to witness a military general, in charge of intelligence

gathering in the US, who is so completely wrong on the constitutional

laws of the nation and yet displays all the righteousness of a

televangelist.



According to Hayden's logic, you can go out and rob a bank and then

plead innocence on the basis that theft isn't illegal and that theft in

fact doesn't mean theft.



These long time criminals feel they can break the law because they do

not recognize it in the first place. They have placed themselves above

the law and are hell bent on destroying our freedoms and civil

liberties.

Likely CIA pick backed eavesdropping

His nomination may renew fight

By Peter Baker, Washington Post | May 7, 2006

http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2006/05/07/likely_cia_pick_

backed_eavesdropping/





WASHINGTON -- The nomination of General Michael V. Hayden to take over the

CIA could trigger a fresh battle over the secret warrantless surveillance program

he oversaw on behalf of President Bush, a debate that could help shape the fall

midterm congressional elections, officials in both parties said yesterday.



Barring a change of heart, administration aides said, Bush will name Hayden

tomorrow as his choice to succeed CIA Director Porter Goss, who resigned

under pressure Friday.

Hayden, 61, is an Air Force general, former director of the National Security

Agency, and current deputy director of national intelligence. If he gets the job, a

military officer would be in charge of every major US spy agency.



Hayden has become the most forceful defender of Bush's eavesdropping

program since its disclosure in December.



Rather than steer away from a Hayden nomination because of the controversy,

the White House seems ready for a new fight over it, convinced that it has public

support and would leave Democrats opposing his confirmation at risk of looking

weak on terrorism.



Democrats yesterday began formulating a strategy built around grilling Hayden

during hearings, then determining whether any refusal to answer questions

provides justification to oppose his confirmation.



''By nominating him, they are looking for a confrontation and forcing the

Congress to take sides, so I am troubled by this," said Representative Jane

Harman, Democrat of California, vice chairwoman of the House Intelligence

Committee, who has a close relationship with Hayden and considers him ''very

professional and dedicated."



A senior White House official said Bush did not choose Hayden to pick a fight,

but would welcome one. ''We felt that we're in a position on offense," said the

official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because the nomination has not

been made. ''We have no concerns about a public debate over the terrorist

surveillance program."



Democrats aren't the only ones expected to use a Hayden nomination to revisit

the legality of the surveillance, however. Senator Arlen Specter, Republican of

Pennsylvania and the Judiciary Committee chairman, said he may try to hold up

Hayden's confirmation if the administration does not provide more information

about the eavesdropping.



''I was briefed by General Hayden, and I got virtually no meaningful information,"

Specter said in an interview. ''Now with Hayden up . . . this gives us an

opportunity to ask these questions and insist on some answers if the Senate is of

a mind to deny confirmation."



Hayden has enjoyed a strong reputation among lawmakers from both parties and

never encountered confirmation trouble in the past, but his selection also would

raise questions about the rising military influence over US intelligence and about

his ability to be independent from Bush and Defense Secretary Donald H.

Rumsfeld.



If he is confirmed, Hayden would face the challenge of rebuilding an agency that

has gone through a tumultuous period, first by failing to prevent the terrorist

attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, then by misjudging Iraq's weapons program, and most

recently by enduring the break-the-china management of Goss, who drove many

veterans out of Langley.



Hayden's appointment would occur at a critical time for US intelligence; the White

House is ratcheting up pressure on Iran to abandon its aspirations for nuclear

weapons.

Bush has acknowledged that he faces a serious credibility problem in convincing

the American public and the world that his intelligence on Iran is reliable.



Goss stepped down after John Negroponte, the director of national intelligence,

told him in April to leave by May. White House spokeswoman Dana Perino said

yesterday that it was ''categorically untrue" that Goss lost Bush's confidence

almost from the start of his 18-month tenure, but neither Goss nor the White

House offered a public explanation.



In recent days, Goss also came to face the possibility that a top CIA officer could

become entangled in a congressional bribery scandal.



Kyle Dustin Foggo, whom Goss plucked from the intelligence bureaucracy to be

the agency's third-highest official, has become ensnared in a federal investigation

into a bribery scandal, which has resulted in the imprisonment of former

representative Randy ''Duke" Cunningham, Republican of California.



The FBI is now investigating the possible use of prostitutes at parties hosted by

defense contractor Brent Wilkes and attended by CIA officials and legislators.

Wilkes is an unindicted co-conspirator in the Cunningham case. Foggo is among

those who allegedly attended his parties.

CLINTON GOON





Dr. John M. Poindexter



http://web.archive.org/web/20011031105905/http://www.syntek.org/Poindexterv2.

htm



Senior Vice President, Information Systems



Joined Syntek in 1996



Current Responsibilities



Dr. Poindexter is responsible for high-level advice on management and direction

of information systems projects (for example Defense Advanced Research

Project Agency's Project Genoa). He brings a unique blend of experience to

problems with demonstrated exceptional management and command ability

ranging from naval operations to the national security of the United States. He is

noted for creative solutions to difficult issues and his ability to quickly grasp the

essence of new tasks.



Experience



Before joining Syntek, Dr. Poindexter co-founded TP Systems, Inc., a software

development firm specializing in commercial software for the IBM PCs and

compatibles. He also consulted for and sat on the Board of the Elkins Group and

worked as a Senior Scientist at Presearch, Inc. Most notably, as the National

Security Advisor to President Ronald Reagan, VADM Poindexter played a major

role in world events including: the Strategic Defense Initiative, the Grenada

Rescue Operation, the Achille Lauro incident, Libyan Operations to respond to

terrorist attacks, the Reykjavik Summit with the Soviet Union, peaceful transition

of government in the Philippines, support for the democratic resistance in

Nicaragua, and an attempt to begin rationalization of U.S. relationship with

strategically important Iran. Prior to his White House appointment, VADM

Poindexter held several distinguished posts in the United States Navy, including

Commanding Officer, USS England (CG-22), Commander Destroyer Squadron

31, Deputy Commander Naval Education and Training, Executive Assistant to

the Chief of Naval Operations and Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of

the Navy.



Education



• Ph.D., Physics, California Institute of Technology

• M.S., Physics, California Institute of Technology

• B.S., Engineering, U.S. Naval Academy

Scandal? What Scandal?

Bush's Iran-Contra appointees are barely a story



By Terry J. Allen



Throughout the summer of 2001, the media were profligate with resources for the

Chandra Levy story, excavating every corner of her and Rep. Gary Condit's past to

unearth a prurient bounty of personal detail. That level of investigative vigor

mighthave exposed far more vital information had it been applied to Bush's

appointment of numerous Iran-Contra veterans to key posts.



But with a few admirable exceptions, news stories about Elliot Abrams, John

Negroponte and Otto Reich have largely relied on past reporting and he-said,

she-said soundbites by the usual supporters and critics, rather than in-depth

investigations into their complicity in one of the bloodiest scandals of the past 20

years. And their guilt is based not on speculation or gossip, but on hard evidence

that they aided torturers and death squads,circumvented Congress and the

Constitution, and deceived the American people.



"President Bush," the Washington Post reported on March 25, "is quietly

building the most conservative administration in modern times, surpassing even

Ronald Reagan in the ideological commitment of his appointments, White House

officials and prominent conservatives say."



It's not that Bush is whispering the names of nominees too softly for the press to

hear. Rather, the reporting itself is, for the most part, quiet.



Three nominations that should have raised a noisy clatter from the nation's

presses are:



John Negroponte, as ambassador to Honduras from 1981-85, covered up human

rights abuses by the CIA-trained Battalion 316. He is Bush's choice for U.S.

ambassador to the U.N. and, as Extra! went to press, was expected to clear

Senate confirmation hearings.



Elliott Abrams, an assistant secretary of state under Reagan, pleaded guilty in

1991 to two counts of withholding evidence from Congress (i.e., lying) over his

role in the Iran-Contra affair. Bush I pardoned him; Bush II has appointed him to

the National SecurityCouncil as director of its office for democracy, human rights

and international operations. The post requires no Senate approval.



Otto Reich's nomination as assistant secretary of state for Western Hemisphere

affairs, the top post for Latin America, was predicted to draw the most

congressional fire. Reich was head of the now-defunct Office for Public

Diplomacy (OPD), which the House Committee on Foreign Affairs censured for

"prohibited, covert propaganda activities" (Washington Post, 10/11/87).



Iran-Contra redux



Washington spent more than $4 billion on El Salvador in the ’80s, backing wildly

brutal regimes and their death squads against a leftist insurgency. The 12-year

civil war left 75,000 Salvadorans dead--overwhelmingly civilians killed by U.S.-

supported forces. As Reagan's assistant secretary of state for human rights and

humanitarian affairs, and later for inter-American affairs, Elliott Abrams, in his

own words, "supervised U.S. policy in Latin America and the Caribbean" (Ethics

and Public Policy Center). He helped cover up one of the worst atrocities of the

war: a Salvadoran army massacre in El Mozote that left 800 to 1000 civilians

dead.



In Nicaragua, after the leftist Sandinistas overthrew the U.S.-supported dictator

in 1979, Washington created and funded the Contras, a guerrilla army that

concentrated its fire on civilians. The Reagan administration escalated the civil

war after the leftist Sandinista party won an election endorsed as free and fair by

international monitoring agencies. In a campaign to tarnish the Sandinistas and

gild the Contras, Otto Reich's Office of Public Diplomacy pressured U.S. media

and planted ghostwritten articles and editorials. The comptroller-general of the

U.S., a Republican appointee, found that the OPD had violated a ban on domestic

propaganda.



Under Ambassador John Negroponte, neighboring Honduras grew so crammed

with U.S. bases and weapons that it was dubbed the U.S.S. Honduras, as if it were

simply an off-shore staging ground for the Contra war. While poverty raged, U.S.

military aid jumped from $3.9 million in 1980 to $77.4 million by 1984. The

Honduran army, especially the U.S.-trained Battalion 316, engaged in widespread

human rights abuses, including kidnapping, torture and assassination.

Negroponte worked closely with the perpetrators and covered up their crimes,

according to Ambassador Jack Binns, his predecessor in the post (In These

Times, 2/28/01).



Spurred on by media reports and popular protests against U.S. intervention in

Central America, Congress passed the Boland amendment, which cut off most

military aid to the Contras. Undaunted, the Reagan administration circumvented

Congress and popular outrage by waging a covert war and raising money for the

Contras from private and foreign sources. One of the "neat ideas" Oliver North

and his cronies concocted was to funnel profits to the Contras from the secret sale

of U.S. arms to Iran--which was under embargo after seizing Americans as

hostages. The discovery of this and other illegal schemes led to the Iran-Contra

scandal, in which Negroponte, Abrams and Reich played key roles.



Writing for history

With the 1990s, aside from the occasional hurricane or bus plunge, the media

spotlight shifted away from Central America. Still, a few investigative reports

took advantage of new evidence and time-loosened tongues. Mark Danner

revisited the El Mozote massacre for The New Yorker (12/6/93), documenting

as well Washington's success in trashing the original reporting on the slaughter

by Raymond Bonner and Alma Guillermopietro.



In 1995, the Baltimore Sun undertook a months-long investigation into the

U.S. role in Honduras, implicating Negroponte. Under editor John Carroll, Gary

Cohn and Ginger Thompson reported (6/27/95) that members of the U.S.-

trained Battalion 316 used "shock and suffocation devices in interrogations.

Prisoners often were kept naked and, when no longer useful, killed and buried in

unmarked graves." Cohn and Thompson showed that despite insistent denials,

Negroponte had to have known.



In his independent magazines The Consortium and iF, Bob Parry relentlessly

investigated the period, while many reporters and scholars drew on the

documentation accumulated by Tom Blanton and Peter Kornbluh at the National

Security Archive. The importance of all this work is evidenced by how often it is

cited--not always with credit--in reporting on the nominations of Abrams,

Negroponte and Reich.



Condensed soup reporting



Investigations of the nominees, when they are served up at all, have been mostly

condensed like canned soup into a bland palatable broth. A few op-eds, including

one by Mary McGrory (Washington Post, 7/8/01), have been scathing, but

added little new information.



Some exceptional reports on Negroponte were notable for actually including

investigative journalism. Los Angeles Times reporters Maggie Farley, Norman

Kempster and T. Christian Miller--under the lead of editor John Carroll, who had

moved from the Baltimore Sun--wrote a devastating exposé on the

ambassador's role (5/7/01). They were the first journalists to note a possible

connection between Negroponte's nomination and the deportation from the U.S.

and Canada of several Hondurans connected to human rights abuses. The most

notorious was Gen. Luis Alonso Discua Elvir, a founder of Battalion 316. The

L.A. Times quoted unnamed officials who said that "the speed of his removal

was unprecedented," and speculated that the desire to make Discua unavailable

for testifying at Negroponte's confirmation hearings was a factor in his hasty

deportation.



Built on historical record and contemporary interviews, Sarah Wildman's March

19 piece for the New Republic was a well-documented refutation of Negroponte's

claims of innocence. She concluded by characterizing the diplomat as having "not

exactly the moral sensibility you want in a U.N. ambassador."



The Baltimore Sun updated its 1995 investigation with a March 7 story bluntly

describing Negroponte as "a retired career diplomat who helped conceal from

Congress the murder, kidnapping and torture abuses of a CIA-equipped and -

trained Honduran military unit."



Most of the media have not been as diligent. For months after Negroponte's name

was floated for U.N. ambassador, virtually the only mention of his Honduras

record in the New York Times was a paragraph inside Jane Perlez's May 27

piece on how Sen. James Jefford's defection would impact Bush's foreign policy.

Perlez noted "obstacles" to Negroponte's confirmation, "largely over his role as

ambassador in Nicaragua [sic] in the Reagan administration, when he carried out

the covert strategy to crush the leftist Sandinista government." As Ronald Reagan

said after a 1982 trip to Latin America, "You'd be surprised. They're all individual

countries" down there. The Times ran a correction (6/5/01).



The Times eventually weighed in on June 14 with a front-page piece by Marc

Lacey that reviewed Negroponte's career. Lacey often fell back on vague language

and passive voice: "The Central Intelligence Agency several years ago found that

serious rights violations in Honduras were not properly reported to Washington

during Mr. Negroponte's tenure. Most of the report is blacked out, and the

unclassified parts raise questions about Mr. Negroponte without providing

answers."



On August 1, the New York Times finally got around to addressing the

reappearance of so many Iran-Contra figures in the administration. A piece by

Christopher Marquis led with an insider description of some of the Iran-Contra

cold warriors clustered at a party, smirking over the controversy their

nominations have raised and dismissing concerns over their suitability as "the

other side…still fighting the old battles." Like the Lacey article, Marquis's

reporting added no substantive background information on the nominees or the

policies they carried out. To its credit, the article explored the effect of the

nominations might have on Latin America. Oddly, however, Marquis quoted only

the opinions of U.S. officials and experts.



As of the beginning of August, however, the Washington Post still hadn’t found

it newsworthy that someone nominated for a U.N. ambassadorship has been

accused of condoning and covering up human rights violations. With no apparent

irony, both the Washington Post (5/13/01) and the New York Times

(5/9/01) speculated that one reason the U.S. was knocked off the U.N. Human

Rights Commission was that Negroponte's nomination had not been approved.



As Extra! went to press, neither the Post nor the Times has mentioned

Negroponte's connection to Battalion 316. The international edition of Time

(5/21/01), but not the U.S. version, simply cited the Baltimore Sun and L.A.

Times to illustrate that the nomination "has revived unsettling questions."

NPR's Tom Gjelten (6/11/01) offered the vague and decorous assessment that

"Negroponte's critics say he was so anxious to protect the Contras and their

military allies in Honduras that he covered up human rights abuses there."



Hope for war criminals



News reporting on Elliott Abrams has been so sparse and pallid as to give hope to

war criminals everywhere. Like Negroponte, Abrams maintains ignorance when

not boasting that his policy was a "fabulous achievement" (Washington Post,

3/21/93).



A few outlets have written strong editorials, particularly the Philadelphia

Inquirer's scorched-earth description (7/11/01) of Abrams as a "deceitful,

scheming coddler of Latin American tyrants," and "uncontrite peddler of lies."



Most news stories, however, have simply noted the appointment and mentioned

Abrams convictions for withholding evidence from Congress--as if he were a

minor player haunted by sins of omission. They’ve ignored his cover-ups of the

Salvadoran army's massacre at El Mozote and assassination of Archbishop Oscar

Romero. Except for reporting in The Nation (7/2/01) and a piece by this

reporter in In These Times (8/6/01), few publications have reprised Abrams'

role in Iran-Contra.



On February 8, 1982, Abrams told a Senate committee that the reports of

hundreds of deaths at El Mozote "were not credible," and that "it appears to be an

incident that is at least being significantly misused, at the very best, by the

guerrillas."



It's not as if hard evidence and gruesome details of Abrams' knowledge and

culpability are difficult to find. The man was convicted in open hearings and

remains brazenly unrepentant. He called his prosecutors "filthy bastards," the

proceedings against him "Kafkaesque" and members of the Senate Intelligence

Committee "pious clowns," according to an article in Legal Times (5/30/94).

Raymond Bonner broke the story of the El Mozote massacre in the New York

Times (1/27/82). The story also ran in the Washington Post (3/5/82). Post

reporters Guy Gugliotta and Douglas Farah (3/21/93) further documented

Abrams’ role in El Salvador in a 1993 story.



That was then. This time around, Post’s news columns have barely mentioned

the nomination or El Mozote. Aside from the August 1 overview article, the New

York Times' coverage was confined to a 150-word piece (7/6/01) announcing

the appointment, noting Abrams' run-in with Congress and describing him

blandly as "a prominent figure in the Iran-Contra scandal of the 1980s."



Perhaps the Times is still gun shy. After pressure from the State Department and

attacks from other media, executive editor A.M. Rosenthal lost faith in Bonner’s

original El Mozote reporting and ordered him back to the Metro desk. That kind

of pressure on the media later became the specialty of Otto Reich, George W.

Bush’s choice to be the top State Department official for Latin America.



Mightier than the pen



As head of the Reagan administration's Orwellian Office of Public Diplomacy,

Reich ran "Operation 'White Propaganda.'" He and other OPD officials regularly

showed up in newsrooms and editorial meetings to excoriate reporters and

editors for unfavorable coverage and to slander insufficiently sympathetic

reporters. The OPD planted stories and op-eds in the U.S. media that were

ghostwritten by Reich's operatives or assigned to "independent" experts. Tainted

articles ran in the Wall Street Journal, New York Times and Washington

Post, among other outlets. His office also engaged in such dirty tricks as charging

that reporters in Nicaragua were paid for their anti-U.S. coverage with the

services of Sandinista-supplied prostitutes. Jason Vest's 7,000-word piece on the

American Prospect website (5/25/01) offers the most extensive account of

Reich's attempts to influence the U.S. media.



Reich himself visited executives and reporters at CBS where, according to a 1984

memo from Secretary of State George Shultz to Ronald Reagan (In These

Times, 4/16/01), he "privately and confidentially" influenced coverage of the

Salvador war. "Everyone at CBS has been cordial and cooperative," the memo

noted, adding that this example of OPD activities "has been repeated dozens of

times over the past few months."



Reich had help from his friends. According to a staff report by the House Foreign

Affairs Committee (9/7/88), "senior CIA officials with backgrounds in covert

operations, as well as military intelligence and psychological operations

specialists from the Department of Defense, were deeply involved in establishing

and participating in a domestic political and propaganda operation run through

an obscure bureau in the Department of State which reported directly to the

National Security Council rather than through the normal State Department

channels."



According to Eric Alterman in The Nation (5/7/01), old habits die hard. After

the New York Times assigned Bonner to cover Reich's nomination, Reich tried

to have the reporter taken off the story. The Times ran the March 8 article by

Bonner and Christopher Marquis on page 6. Like Karen DeYoung's piece a month

later (4/15/01) for the Washington Post, it devoted a few workmanlike

paragraphs Reich's questionable activities as head of OPD. Both articles

discussed the policy implications of appointing an anti-Castro ideologue and

detailed potential conflicts of interest raised by Reich's lobbying for corporations

including Bacardi-Martini and Lockheed Martin.



Ink on his hands



While Negroponte, Abrams and Reich were all deeply implicated by an Iran-

Contra policy that resulted in serious human right violations, coverage of Reich

has been the somewhat more extensive.



There are several possible explanations. Unlike Abrams, whose appointment

needs no congressional approval, Reich’s State Department post requires Senate

confirmation, an opportunity for opposition that gives the story legs.

(Negroponte’s post also requires a Senate vote, but as the Senate has already

approved him for several ambassadorships since his Honduras post, reporters

may have sensed less potential for conflict.)



Another key factor in the quality of coverage is the easily accessible postings on

Reich by the National Security Archive. In 15 minutes, even the busiest or laziest

journalist can download enough damning documentation to satisfy any editor.



And not to be discounted in the differential reporting is the propensity of

journalists to take more personally activities, like those of the OPD, that tarnish

the myth of an independent media. Negroponte and Abrams have blood on their

hands. Reich's are mostly smeared with ink. Negroponte and Abrams coddled

torturers, protected death squads and helped kill peasants in Central America.

Reich messed with the U.S. media.



Today Reich’s kind of plotting hardly seems worth the effort--with media

resources squandered on titillating gossip, while real muck goes mostly unraked.



Terry J. Allen reported from Central America during the 1980s.

http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=1076

The Axis of Corporate Evil

In what appears to be an attempted corporate takeover of America, the

same names keep coming up time and again. Click the numbers on the

chart or scroll down to see the connections.

Note: This chart does not touch on campaign spending. Bush/Cheney

represent the State Department. Many of the seeds of this evil axis were sown

during the Bush, Sr. and Clinton administrations.

How will President George W. Bush personally make millions (if not

billions) from the War on Terror and Iraq? The old fashioned way. He'll

inherit it.

Meet The Carlyle Group

Former World Leaders and Washington Insiders Making Billions in

the War on Terrorism

Bush Carlucci Baker Darman Ramos Major









Former Former Former White House Former Former

US Secretary of Secretary of Budget Advisor President of British

President Defense State Bush / Clinton the Prime

and and and Sec. of Administrations Philippines Minister

Vice Deputy Treasury

President Director

Former of the CIA

Director More on

of the CIA Carlucci

Carlyle Carlyle Carlyle Carlyle Carlyle Carlyle

Senior Chairman Senior Managing Asia Europe

Advisor Emeritus Counselor Director Advisory Chairman

Retired Retired More on Baker Board

10/03 3/05 Retired 2/04

Shareholder

http://www.thecarlylegroup.com/eng/company/l3-company737.html#6



More Enron executives that walked away with all the cash









Jeff Skilling Speaking of pie...

Former Enron CEO Andrew Fastow

Lou Pai

A questionable deal-

got hit in the face bought a historic Ken Harrison

maker who turned

with a pie last ranch with some of Former chairman and

summer. He the $353.7 million he CEO of Portland $25,000 into

resigned for unknown walked away with. General which was $4.5 million in two

reasons and cashed Now angry Enron acquired by Enron months.

out at $76.1 million. employees and Cashed out at $78 He's pleading the

stockholders are Fifth Amendment in

Denies million

Congressional

knowledge of trying to take it

hearings.

wrongdoing. away from him.

http://sanfrancisco.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2001/06/18/daily41.

html

http://www.hereinreality.com/bigbrother.html#ref

Bush Family Values Photo Album

For more than a half century, members of the Bush family have been setting

policy and making decisions for all Americans. Let's look at the family that has

had such an impact on the lives of human beings worldwide



It all started with Prescott Bush, George W. Bush's

grandfather. In 1918 it is said that he robbed the

grave and stole the skull of the Native American

warrior Geronimo as part of an initiation into Yale's

Skull and Bones Society. The Skull and Bones

society has long been important to the Bush

Family. George Bush Sr. and George W. Bush were

also members of this secret society.

The head bone's connected to ... Bush?



Saturday, September 23, 2000 http://www.post-

gazette.com/columnists/20000923roddy.asp



One expects, from a family of politicians, a certain amount of

skullduggery. But that is a term of art. It should not involve the

actual digging of skulls.



So begins one of the odder political stories of recent years. It

involves allegations that George W. Bush's grandfather, Prescott

Bush, late of the United States Senate by way of Connecticut, had

joined a midnight foray 82 years ago into an Oklahoma graveyard

whence he emerged with the mortal skull of Geronimo, the

Apache warlord who spent his final years as a tourist attraction

and, it would seem, part of his afterlife as a souvenir.



The story unfolded when Apache tribesmen from Arizona

debated whether to have Geronimo exhumed and brought back to

his native soil. They received, unsolicited, a letter advising them

that Geronimo's head had taken up residence in New Haven,

Conn., home to Yale University and its secret Skull and Bones

Society.



"He sent a photo," said Raleigh Thompson, a tribal council

member. It showed a skull, remnants of a bridle and a photo of

Geronimo.



"The only people who dig up bones are the witchcraft people,"

Thompson shuddered.

His group later obtained what purported to be an internal history

of Skull and Bones that included this account: In 1918, Prescott

Bush and two companions crept into the cemetery near Fort Sill

and pried open the grave of Geronimo.



The head was taken out, spiffed up and forwarded to New Haven,

where it was given pride of place for goofy rituals that have been

attended by generations of Bushes and a veritable army of

powerful types.



That there is a Skull and Bones Society is beyond doubt. The

group keeps the ugliest house on High Street. In ceremonies,

members dress up as skeletons, wizards, even the pope. That the

society has skulls on hand is also beyond doubt, according to

those who have penetrated the great tomb.



Thompson, two other council members and tribal attorney Joe

Sparks traveled to New York three times to meet with Skull and

Bones officers, their lawyer and Jonathan Bush, brother to the

then-vice president.



"They said 'We have a skull that we call Geronimo,' " Thompson

said.



Then they offered up a skull. Thompson and Sparks said it didn't

look like the photo.



"They said it was the remains of a young Indian child, as if that

made things better," Sparks said.



Sparks said he confronted them with a Skull and Bones history,

dated 1933, that purported to tell of the grave raid.



"They said we were in a lot of trouble for having it," Sparks said.

He suggested they might be in a bit of trouble for having a head

not currently attached to a neck.



There it ended.



The impasse is gaining attention among the conspiratorial set who

classify Skull and Bones with the CIA and the Trilateral

Commission. That the elder George Bush has belonged to all

three doesn't help.



Nobody seems to have explored two important questions.

The first is what a group of college students is doing with

anybody's skull, whether it belongs to Geronimo or Geronimo's

gardener. Just because somebody's not using it at the moment

doesn't make it a souvenir. I am not using my television just now,

but I had better not go downstairs and find Prescott Bush in my

living room.



The second question is whether such a theft was possible. A

spokesman at Fort Sill doubts the robbery could have taken place,

because Geronimo's grave is covered by a concrete footer, with

granite stones implanted, and the whole affair is topped with a

stone pyramid.



"There is no way to really disturb that site," said spokesman

Daran Neal.



Sparks says the stones were placed long after 1918, and insists

there is a base report referring to what authorities thought, at the

time, was an attempt by Geronimo's kin to retrieve his bones.



Given the current fashion for exhuming the famously dead, it is a

matter of time before someone gets a court order, opens

Geronimo's grave and counts the heads.



One would be the correct number -- a bit of ethical math that

might have been missed one night, long ago, by some frat boys

from New Haven.







Prescott Bush had a bit of trouble

back in the 1940s. While American

soldiers were fighting the Nazis in

WWII, a few of the companies

Prescott managed were seized

under the Trading with the Enemy

Act because they were fronts for

Nazi Industrialist Fritz Thyssen, a

financier of Hitler's Third Reich.

Here are more pictures of Bush family and friends

This is GW's Uncle Prescott, Jr. During the This is Jeb

embargo on China, his company was the only US

firm allowed to do business there, exporting

communications satellites.



http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2002/02/19/usat- This is This is Jeb's

prescott-bush.htm President's uncle shares Bush family Jeb's friend wife

ties to China

Orlando Columba

Bosch. Bush

By Debbie Howlett, USA TODAY



CHICAGO — When President Bush

arrives in Beijing on Thursday, he'll

embrace a policy that's something of a

family tradition.

He's a She was

Bush's approach centers on promoting terrorist embarrassed

U.S.-China economic ties. That's a course accused of after she got

AP

favored not only by his father, the first

Prescott blowing up caught

President Bush, but also by his uncle,

Bush an airplane smuggling

Prescott Bush Jr., a longtime

acquaintance of Chinese President Jiang killing 76 almost

Zemin. people in $20,000

Cuba, but worth of

The Bush family's ties to China go back to 1974, when George clothes and

President Nixon named George Bush ambassador to Bush, Sr. jewelery into

China. The college-age George W. Bush spent two thought so America

months in China visiting his parents during his father's much of after a trip

two-year stint. him that he to France.

gave him a

Seven years after his brother left the ambassadorial post, Presidential

Prescott Bush made his first trip to China. He later joined Pardon.

with Japanese partners in 1988 to build a golf course in

Shanghai, the first in China. He met Jiang, who was then This is Jeb's

the mayor of Shanghai. brother Neil

Bush. He cost

Prescott Bush, now 79, also developed a close working American

relationship with Rong Yiren, a former trade minister and taxpayers $1

vice president, who in 1993 introduced Bush to a group of billion after some

Chinese business leaders as "an old friend." In 2000, shady loans he

Forbes publications reported that Rong, who has retired made caused the

from government, was the richest man in China. Silverado Savings

and Loan to go

The president's uncle concedes that he sometimes relied under in

on his name to open doors, but he says any deals he 1988. Now he's

made were the result of his own hard work.

"You can get a meeting because of it, you can meet a lot making millions

of people because of it," he said in a recent interview in selling software to

Chicago, where the U.S.-China Chamber of Commerce Florida schools.

has its headquarters. "But I don't get a lot of business Now he's divorcing

because my nephew is president or my brother was his wife and

president." leaving her broke,

after he had

Some experts argue otherwise. A name is not just helpful, several affairs and

it's essential, says Nick Larty, a professor of international contracted a

relations at George Washington University in Washington,

venereal disease

D.C.: "Who you get access to in China is pretty much a

(scroll down).

function of how important you are."

Coincidentally, Neil

Along with access, the family name has also brought was scheduled to

scrutiny to Prescott Bush's deals: have dinner with

John Hinckley's

• He was criticized in 1989 for visiting China to meet brother the day

with business and government leaders just three after the Reagan

months after the Tiananmen Square massacre, in Assassination

which army troops fired at pro-democracy attempt.

demonstrators.

• His Shanghai partnership with the Japanese firm

Aoki in 1988 proved embarrassing when

revelations surfaced that Aoki at the same time was

allegedly trying to get business contracts by bribing

Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega, whom the first

President Bush later ousted from power.

• His connections to an American firm, Asset

Management, came into question in 1989, when

the company was the only U.S. firm able to skirt

U.S. sanctions and import communications

satellites into China.

• When Asset Management went bankrupt later that

year, Bush's deal to arrange a buyout through West

Tsusho, a Japanese investment firm, raised

eyebrows. Newspapers reported that Japanese

police were investigating West Tsusho's alleged

ties to organized crime.



Bush declines to discuss those controversies. "That's old

news. It's in the past," he says.



Last year, he opened the U.S.-China Chamber of

Commerce offices in Chicago. The membership roster

includes United Airlines, American Express, McDonald's,

Ford and Arthur Andersen, the beleaguered company that

audited Enron's books.



Bush says opportunities abound now that the 1997-98

Asian financial crisis is in the past: "The Chinese are very

much interested in getting foreign capital in. They

desperately need the jobs."



Last fall, Bush hosted a well-attended trade conference in

Chicago at which U.S. Trade Representative Robert

Zoellick gave the keynote address. At a dinner he

sponsored last month at the Yale Club in New York, the

U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, John Negroponte,

was guest of honor.



Perhaps the most intriguing question about Bush's China

connections is whether he played a role in ending a U.S.-

China standoff in April, when a Chinese fighter jet collided

with a U.S. Navy surveillance plane over the South China

Sea. The Chinese pilot was killed, and the U.S. plane

made an emergency landing on Hainan island, where 24

U.S. crewmembers were held for 11 days.



The president's uncle traveled to China just hours after

news of the incident broke. He flew aboard United's

inaugural flight from Chicago to Beijing. Other dignitaries

on the largely ceremonial flight stayed a few days, but

Bush didn't return home for two weeks. Moreover, U.S.

Ambassador Joseph Prueher met Bush — but not the rest

of the group.



Prueher says their meeting was simply a social call.



"I might have joined him for a cup of tea or a Coke —

maybe we had a beer, I don't recall," says Prueher, who

left his post in June. "We spent an hour chatting."



Bush denies any involvement in the diplomatic settlement

that ended the crisis.



"I couldn't possibly do something like that," he says. "It

would be very embarrassing for the president if it was

found out that I was going to see my friends when he was

trying to work things out."



The standoff ended when Prueher sent Jiang a carefully

worded letter of regret over the incident. The next day, the

U.S. crew was permitted to leave. Bush left a day later.









He recently retired as the Chairman of the USA-China

Chamber of Commerce, which might be one reason China

isn't part of the Axis of Evil. (more on China) He also has

ties to Manuel Noriega (below).









For many years, the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous

Drugs (now DEA) wanted to have Manuel Noriega

arrested for drug trafficking, but instead George Bush, Sr.

kept him on the CIA payroll. For more than a decade,

thousands of tons of cocaine poured onto the streets of

America through the Panama Canal while the US

government looked the other way. This destroyed the

stability of millions of American families, and the

repercussions to our society are still being felt today.

Here's GW when he was in the National Guard,

which he joined to get out of going to Vietnam. He

was a pilot in Texas until his flight status was

revoked for refusing to take medical exams. For

at least eight months, he didn't even show up for

duty. Click here for full details

When George Bush, Sr. was the Vice President, he was

involved in secretly selling weapons to our enemy Iran. The

money from the weapons sales went to build a secret army that

was trying to overthrow the Nicaraguan government. This

resulted in years of violence and slaughter for many thousands of

Central Americans, and it allowed thousands of tons of drugs to

be dumped on the streets of America. When he was president,

George Bush, Sr. gave a presidential pardon to the others who

were involved in the Iran-Contra scandal.

Besides their last names, George W and Jeb Bush have

this in common: All of their children have been in trouble

with the law. Unlike most Americans who commit crimes

ranging from sexual misconduct to felony prescription fraud,

the Bush Kids never go to prison.

Now George Bush, Sr. works for The Carlyle Group.

They invest in defense companies, medical

laboratories, and the telecommunications industry.

The Carlyle Group is one of the government's biggest

contractors. George Bush, Sr. and The Carlyle Group

stand to make billions of dollars from the War on

Terror. On September 11, The Carlyle Group was

having a conference at the Ritz Carlton hotel in

Washington, DC with members of the Bin Laden

family, one of their investors.





KNOWLEDGE, INFORMATION



As part of its mission, the United States of America-China Chamber of

Commerce strives to provide its members and the general public with

information that is current and important in making critical business

decisions. US-China Chamber of Commerce continuously identifies the

timely topics in this ever-changing globalized digital economy and seeks

business executives and professionals with first hand experience to

address them from different perspectives. While there might be more than

one resolution to a single problem, USCCC hosts a variety of programs

such as conferences, seminars, investment forums, town hall meetings,

and others to look at different issues as objectively and as practically as

possible.

WORKSHOPS THAT ADDRESS A VARIETY OF ISSUES

DR. DOUGLAS PAAL DISCUSSED US-CHINA

ARE HOSTED FREQUENTLY BY THE US-CHINA

RELATIONS

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE









JACK W AHL, CHAIRMAN & CEO OF W AHL CLIPPERS

BILL W IGGENHORN, FORMER PRESIDENT OF

TALKED ABOUT HIS COMPANY'S INVESTMENT IN

MOTOROLA UNIVERSITY SHARED MOTOROLA'S

CHINA (LEFT) AND THE MAYOR OF FENGHUA

VARIOUS ROLES IN HELPING CHINESE COMPANIES

ANSWERED QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE

TO DEVELOP INTO WORLD CLASS MANUFACTURERS

(RIGHT)







CONTACTS, NETWORKING AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES



Believing that most successful business ventures are built on trust and

trust can only be developed through "guanxi" or "relationship", the United

States of America-China Chamber of Commerce has strived to facilitate

such an important element for both US and Chinese companies.

Throughout the years, the US-China Chamber of Commerce has organized

a series of networking receptions, investment forums, trade missions and

other related activities. Perhaps, among all those things that the USCCC

has done, its most significant contribution is, through its Board of

Directors and a network of contacts, to have provided its members and the

business communities in both countries with direct access to business

leaders and government officials who are important in their business

development efforts.









USCCC MEMBERS RECEIVED AN

HIS EXCELLENCY, PREMIER ZHU RONGJI AND INVITATION TO JOIN PRESIDENT GEORGE

PRESCOTT BUSH, CHAIRMAN (RETIRED) OF US- W. BUSH AT THE WHITE HOUSE FOR THE

CHINA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ARRIVAL CEREMONY OF WEN JIABO,

PREMIER OF CHINA









PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH, SIVA YAM, PRESIDENT

USCCC PROGRAMS PROVIDE INFORMATION AND

OF US-CHINA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND

OPPORTUNITIES FOR NETWORKING

PRESCOTT BUSH, CHAIRMAN







KEY ADVANTAGE OF BECOMING USCCC MEMBERS



• Access to important contacts

• Access to up to date information

• Visibility as players in the US-China trade and investment activities

• Involvement in a close network of companies and professionals

• Eligibility for referrals and notification of special opportunities

• Participation in high-level trade missions

• Opportunity to host delegations form China



ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES



Conferences, Exchanges, and Trade Missions



• Annual Member Meeting

• Annual Gala Award Dinner

• Seminars, Conferences, and Workshops

• Executive Briefings

• Roundtable discussions/Townhall Meetings

• Get Acquainted/Networking Receptions

• Trade Missions

• Cultural, Trade, Training Delegations



Information Services



• Monthly Newsletter

• Internet Website

• E-Messages

• Special Announcements

• Membership Directories



Services



• Translations

• Referrals

• Research and Advisory







MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS



Chairman Circle's Member ($10,000 a year)



• Invitations to all regular programs and events

• Invitations to all "Executive Briefings"

• Invitation to Annual Private Dinner hosted by the Chairman

• Invitations to all meetings and receptions limited to Directors,

Chairman's Circle Members, and select guests

• Invitations to participate high-level trade missions (priority)

• Recognition as "Chairman's Circle Member" in select printed

materials including Membership Directory

• USCCC Website hyperlink (in development)

• Subscriptions to USCCC newsletters

• One full-page advertisement once a year in USCCC newsletters

• Discounts on programs, events, trade missions, products and

services organized or provided by US-China Chamber of Commerce



Corporate Sponsor ($2,000 a year)



• Invitations to all regular programs and events

• Invitations to select "Executive Briefings"

• Invitations to select meetings and receptions limited to Directors,

Chairman's Circle Members, and select guests

• Invitations to participate high-level trade missions

• Recognition as "Corporate Sponsor" in select printed materials

including Membership Directory

• USCCC Website hyperlink (in development)

• Subscriptions to USCCC newsletters

• One half-page advertisement once a year in USCCC newsletters

• Discounts on programs, events, trade missions, products and

services organized or provided by US-China Chamber of Commerce

(up to five representatives for programs and events)



General Member ($350 a year)



• Invitations to all regular programs and events

• Invitations to participate high-level trade missions

• Subscriptions to USCCC newsletters

• Listing in Membership Directory

• Discounts on programs, events, products and services organized or

provided by US-China Chamber of Commerce (up to two

representatives for programs and events)



Documents: Bush's Grandfather Directed Bank Tied to Man Who Funded

Hitler

http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,100474,00.html



October 17, 2003



‘WASHINGTON — President Bush's grandfather was a director of a bank

seized by the federal government because of its ties to a German

industrialist who helped bankroll Adolf Hitler's rise to power, government

documents show.

Prescott Bush (search) was one of seven directors of Union Banking Corp.

(search), a New York investment bank owned by a bank controlled by the

Thyssen family, according to recently declassified National Archives documents

reviewed by The Associated Press.



Fritz Thyssen (search) was an early financial supporter of Hitler, whose Nazi

party Thyssen believed was preferable to communism. The documents do not

show any evidence Bush directly aided that effort. His position with Union

Banking never was a political issue for Bush, who was elected to the Senate from

Connecticut in 1952.



Reports of Bush's involvement with the seized bank have been circulating on the

Internet for years and have been reported by some mainstream media. The

newly declassified documents provide additional details about the Union

Banking-Thyssen connection.



Trent Duffy, a spokesman for President Bush, declined to comment.



Union Banking was owned by a Dutch bank, Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaardt

N.V., which was "closely affiliated" with the German conglomerate United Steel

Works, according to an Oct. 5, 1942, report from the federal Office of Alien

Property Custodian. The Dutch bank and the steel firm were part of the business

and financial empire of Thyssen and his brother, Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza,

the report said



The 4,000 Union Banking shares owned by the Dutch bank were registered in

the names of the seven U.S. directors, according a document signed by Homer

Jones, chief of the division of investigation and research of the Office of Alien

Property Custodian, a World War II-era agency that no longer exists.



E. Roland Harriman, the bank chairman and brother of former New York Gov. W.

Averell Harriman (search), held 3,991 shares. Bush had one share.



Both Harrimans and Bush were partners in the New York investment firm of

Brown Brothers, Harriman and Co., which handled the financial transactions of

the bank as well as other financial dealings with several other companies linked

to Bank voor Handel that were confiscated by the U.S. government during World

War II.



Union Banking was seized by the government in October 1942 under

the Trading with the Enemy Act (search).



No charges were brought against Union Banking's American directors. The

federal government was too busy trying to fight the war, said Donald Goldstein, a

professor of public and international affairs at the University of Pittsburgh.

"We did not have the resources to do these things," Goldstein said.



Fritz Thyssen broke with the Nazis in 1938 over their persecution of Catholics

and Jews, and fled to Switzerland. He later was arrested and spent 1941 to 1945

in a Nazi prison. His brother lived in Switzerland from 1932 to 1947 but continued

to operate businesses in Germany.



The new documents were first reported by freelance writer John Buchanan in

The New Hampshire Gazette.



THE RESUMÉ OF MANUEL NORIEGA,



THE MOST FAMOUS GRADUATE OF THE SCHOOL OF THE AMERICAS









(1) Noriega, considered "outstanding" at the SOA, is on the CIA payroll (to the tune

of up to $100,000 a year) from the mid-?60s to the mid-?80s.



(2) His drug trafficking, though known, is no obstacle to his chumminess with

George Bush (CIA director and "Vice" President) during the ?70s and early ?80s.



(3) His true crime is being an independent leader of Panama, just before the US is

obliged to return the stolen Panama Canal Zone on January 1st, 1990.



(4) So after publicly demonizing his longtime friend and employee, Bush slaughters

thousands of Panamanians and installs a puppet government, in the nick of time, on

December 20th, 1989.



(5) Let?s not call any more presidents "wimps", ok? It just pisses ?em off.



The gory details?



50s-60s Spy for US, informing on colleagues in his socialist party, and on

leftist students at his Peruvian military academy. ? New York Times,

9/28/88



1967 Finishes courses at SOA including Infantry Officer, Combat

Intelligence Officer, Military Intelligence (Counter-Intelligence Officer

Course), and Jungle Operations. An instructor calls him "outstanding." ?

John Dinges, Our Man in Panama, 1991



1971 US has "hard evidence" of his heavy involvement in drug trafficking,

"sufficient for indictment". Nixon sets in motion initial plans for his

assassination. ? Frontline (PBS), 1/30/90



1970-76 Meanwhile, Noriega is in the pay of the CIA and the Pentagon,

reportedly receiving more than $100,000 per year. ? Newsweek, 1/15/90



1976 CIA Director George Bush gives him a VIP tour of CIA

headquarters in Washington; he resides with Bush's Deputy Director. ?

Dinges



1977 Carter officials reportedly remove him from the US payroll. ? New

York Times, 10/2/88



1979 Gives haven to the overthrown Shah of Iran, brutal US-installed

dictator.



1981 Becomes part of a ruling military junta after 13-year dictator and

SOA graduate General Omar Torrijos dies in a plane crash, later blamed

on Noriega and the CIA by other junta members.



Reagan/Bush officials put him back on the US payroll, again reportedly at

more than $100,000 per year. ? San Francisco Chronicle, 6/11/87



1981-83 Extensive drug trafficking and money laundering involving the

Medellin, Colombia cocaine cartel. ? Dinges



8/83 Seizes command of the National Guard (to be renamed "Panama

Defense Forces"). He is the effective chief of state.



11/83 Washington visits with White House, State Department and

Pentagon, including CIA Director William Casey. ? Newsweek, 1/15/90



1983-86 The US loves him for: spying on Fidel Castro and Daniel Ortega;

allowing the United States to set up listening posts in Panama, with which

they monitor sensitive communications in all of Central America and

beyond; aiding the American warfare against the rebels in El Salvador and

the government of Nicaragua (facilitating the flow of money and arms to

the contras, allowing the US to base spy planes in Panama in clear

violation of the canal treaties, giving the US permission to train contras in

Panama, and spying in support of American sabotage inside of Nicaragua).

? Newsweek, 1/15/90

The American love/hate relationship ?



1983-86 The US hates him for: suspected spying for Fidel Castro and

Daniel Ortega; helping Cuba circumvent the US economic embargo;

helping to get weapons for the Sandinistas and for the guerrillas m El

Salvador and Colombia; transferring high technology to Eastern Europe.



1984 The CIA and the Medellin cartel help finance the campaign of

Noriega?s candidate for President, Nicolas Barletta. Barletta is declared

the winner ten days after the election, while the US ambassador hides

from the media information that Barletta had been defeated by at least four

thousand votes. Political opposition parties demonstrate for weeks against

the egregious fraud, to no avail. Reagan welcomes Barletta to the Oval

Office, and Secretary of State George Schultz attends the inauguration.



1985 A few enthusiastic Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) agents and US

Attorneys, keeping a low profile, begin investigations into his drug

activities.



6/86 The New York Times carries a front-page story recounting many of

his questionable activities, including his drug trafficking and money

laundering operations, and the murder of a political opponent. It is the

most detailed and damning report on him to appear in the US media. The

Reagan administration reassures him that he need not be overly concerned

about the story.



7/86 Oliver North arranges for an American public relations firm to work

on improving Panama's and Noriega's image, in return for continued

support of the Nicaraguan sabotage campaign. ? Iran-Contra testimony of

PR firm official



1987 Drug Enforcement Agency head John Lawn praises Noriega?s

"personal commitment" in helping to solve a major money laundering

case. High US law enforcement officials, including Lawn, work alongside

Noriega at a meeting of Interpol, even advising him on how to achieve a

better public image. ? Los Angeles Times, 1/16/90



1988 Indictment on Federal drug charges. (His principal protectors in

Washington are gone: North had been relieved of his duties in 1986,

Casey had died in 1987.) All the charges relate to activities prior to June

1984 (except for one drugs/arms deal in 1986). The DEA is deeply divided

between those who investigated him as a criminal and those who swore by

the authenticity of his cooperation with their agency. ? Dinges.

5/89 The CIA provides more than $10 million in aid to Noriega?s

opposition. When the ballot counting indicated his candidate losing

heavily, he stops the electoral process and allows violence against

opposition candidates and their supporters. Unlike 1984, Washington

expresses its moral indignation about the fraudulent election. ? US News &

World Report, 5/1/89



10/89 Elements of the Panamanian Defense Forces take custody of him for

two hours and offer to turn him over to the US military, but are refused

(Bush has never clearly explained this decision). They receive no US

support, and pro-Noriega forces free him.? New York Times, 10/8/90







Another brutal American invasion?



12/89 The US invades Panama, ostensibly in order to capture Noriega,

who is in a Florida prison serving a forty-year sentence for drug

trafficking. The official body count is approximately 500 Panamanians

(mainly civilians) dead, but nongovernmental sources with no less

evidence count thousands more; there are also over 3,000 wounded, tens

of thousands left homeless. Plus 23 American dead, 324 wounded.

Reporter: "Was it really worth it to send people to their death for this? To

get Noriega?" Bush: "[E]very human life is precious, and yet I have to

answer, yes, it has been worth it." ? New York Times, 12/22/89



1990 The original post-invasion plans called for outright US military

government, with the head of the US Army Southern command as

Panama?s de facto ruler. At the last minute a decision is made to install

Guillermo Endara as president, but his government is "merely a façade". ?

official Pentagon study of the Panama occupation, cited in The Nation,

10/3/94. Endara, one of the two vice presidents, and the attorney general,

all have links to drug trafficking and money laundering. ? EXTRA!, 1/90.

The US confiscates thousands of boxes of Noriega government documents

and refuses to hand over any of them to Panamanian investigators. "The

United States is protecting robbers and thieves and obstructing justice. We

are the owners of the documents. If I am to complete my work, I have to

see the documents." ? Panama?s chief prosecutor, Los Angeles Times,

6/23/90



1991 Colombian drug cartels and associates of Noriega once again turn

Panama into a narcotics transshipment center; there are far more cocaine

production facilities than ever existed under Noriega, and drug use in

Panama is reportedly at a far higher level. ? Los Angeles Times, 4/28/91

The Organization of American States approved a resolution "to deeply regret the military

intervention in Panama" by a vote of 20 to 1 (the US).



"We are outraged ? [the OAS] missed an historic opportunity to get beyond its

traditional narrow concern with nonintervention." ? Richard Boucher, State

Department spokesman, Los Angeles Times, 12/23/89.



"This land is my land, that land is my land, there?s no land here that isn?t my land."

? US soldiers singing near the Vatican Embassy, where Noriega had taken sanctuary

during the invasion.









Former President George Bush talks on his cellphone at a golf club in

Boca Grande, Fla., in December 2000.



The Bush pardons

Now this is Rich: They include a Watergate felon, a Cuban exile terrorist and a Pakistani

heroin dealer. But where was the outrage then?



------------

By Joe Conason



Feb. 27, 2001 | Hearing all the indignant noise about the Clinton pardons, the

average citizen might understandably think that the granting of presidential clemency had

never been tainted by campaign contributions, political connections or insider access.

That mistaken perception, promoted by lazy journalists and partisan pundits, is being

exploited by Republicans on Capitol Hill (who are never, ever influenced by rich donors).



The truth -- as anyone who glances back into the history of the first Bush administration

can quickly learn -- is that Clinton hasn't done anything that his predecessor didn't do first

and, in some cases, worse.

The widely and justly criticized pardons of Caspar Weinberger and other Iran-Contra

defendants by George Herbert Walker Bush should have been just the beginning of that

story. Yet, for reasons best known to the incorruptible watchdogs of the Washington

press corps, Poppy's self-interested mercy upon Weinberger instigated no searching

examination of the other pardons granted by the departing president. Indeed, the final

dozen pardons given by Bush -- including the unexplained release of a Pakistani heroin

trafficker -- received virtually no coverage at all.



The elder Bush delivered a few highly questionable pardons well before his last days in

office. The very first of his presidency went to Armand Hammer, the legendary oilman

best known for his relationships with Soviet leaders dating back to Lenin. In an

investigation that grew out of Watergate, Hammer had pleaded guilty in 1975 to

laundering $54,000 in illicit contributions to Nixon's reelection war chest. By the summer

of 1989, when Bush gave Hammer what he wanted, the aging chief of Occidental

Petroleum had been pestering government officials on his own behalf for several years.







Considering his original offense, it

was ironic that Hammer won what he

called the "vindication" of a

presidential pardon only months after

he poured well over $100,000 into

Republican Party coffers, and another

$100,000 into the accounts of the

Bush-Quayle Inaugural committee. (In

author Edward Jay Epstein's excellent

biography of the oilman, there is a

photograph of Hammer, his girlfriend

and President Bush together at the

White House in April 1990. Such

visits were perks for members of

Bush's "Team 100," as the GOP's most generous donors were known.)



At the time, Hammer's pardon made news, partly because his request had been turned

down by President Reagan several months earlier. But nobody seemed to notice the nexus

between the oilman's generosity to Bush and the new president's mercy upon Hammer.



The only hint of Hammer's influence-buying came from former Watergate prosecutor

Henry Ruth, who wasn't consulted by the White House before Hammer's pardon was

granted. "My view of the pardon process is that it should be given only in extraordinary

circumstances, and I haven't heard of any" in Hammer's case, Ruth told the Los Angeles

Times. Ruth thought the undeserved favor had been given only because Hammer was

"rich" and "powerful."



Another intriguing fact went almost unnoticed back then, too. Hammer's team of

attorneys included not only a close friend of Attorney General Richard Thornburgh, but

also a very close friend of Bush's new White House counsel C. Boyden Gray, whose job

included passing on pardon requests to the president. The Gray pal hired to help Hammer

was a former Reagan Justice Department official named Theodore B. Olson. Now that

Olson has been nominated as Bush's solicitor general, perhaps he will offer

insights on the history of presidential pardons during his confirmation hearings before the

Senate Judiciary Committee. Surely Olson would testify that campaign contributions and

insider influence should have nothing to do with the process.



An even more dubious case than Hammer's also reached Bush's desk during the first year

of his presidency. In 1989, prominent Cuban-Americans in Florida began agitating for the

release of Orlando Bosch, a notorious anti-Castro terrorist then serving a prison term for

entering the United States illegally. American intelligence and law enforcement

authorities firmly believed that Bosch was responsible for far worse actions, including the

1976 explosion that brought down a Cuban airliner, killing all 76 civilians aboard,

although Venezuelan prosecutors had failed to convict him of that terrible crime. There

was certainly no question that Bosch was an advocate of terror and had been involved in

numerous bombings.



The Justice Department wanted to deport Bosch because, according to the FBI, he had

"repeatedly expressed and demonstrated a willingness to cause indiscriminate injury and

death." Freeing Bosch at a time when Washington was condemning terrorism abroad

would obviously be hard to explain -- had someone asked.









But Miami's leading Republican contributors and politicians persistently lobbied Bush to

free Bosch, insisting that the former pediatrician was really a noble freedom fighter. And

in 1990, when Bosch was eventually released and permitted to reside in Florida under an

extraordinary deal with the Bush Justice Department, much of the credit went to the

alleged mass murderer's best-connected White House lobbyist -- a budding local

politician named Jeb Bush. The Bush son who would be elected governor of Florida eight

years later had, by 1990, already become wealthy in real estate and other deals with the

same Cuban exile businessmen who wanted Bosch to be freed. Among Jeb's business

partners active in the Cuban-American National Foundation, the institutional advocate for

Bosch, was one Armando Codina, also a regular GOP donor and activist. (Codina,

however, tells Salon that he neither supported the release of Bosch, nor ever lobbied his

business partner, Bush, on the issue.) According to the administration's spokesmen,

however, all those personal and financial ties were just a set of happy coincidences.

Anyway, nobody in the mainstream media or on Capitol Hill got upset because the

president's son had opened prison doors for an unrepentant terrorist.



Flash forward to the very end of Poppy's presidency, a few weeks after his Christmas Eve

1992 pardons of Weinberger and the other Iran-Contra defendants. On Jan. 18, 1993, the

soon-to-be-former president signed a clemency order freeing Aslam Adam from Butner

federal prison in North Carolina. A Pakistani national, Adam had by then served eight

years of a 55-year sentence for smuggling $1.5 million worth of heroin into the United

States. He wouldn't have been eligible for parole for another two years.



Stunning as the commutation of Adam's sentence was, even more bewildering was the

lack of press interest or congressional concern about his case. It was mentioned in a

single paragraph on an inside page of the Washington Post; the New York Times didn't

cover it at all; and nobody except the Charlotte Observer asked why. There was no

further investigation until 1994, when Eric Nadler examined the Adam matter for Rolling

Stone. All that Nadler could establish for certain was that Sen. Jesse Helms, R-N.C., a

stalwart friend of the Pakistani military regime and its domestic lobbyists, had interceded

on Adam's behalf with the Justice Department and prison officials.



It was worth mentioning, of course, that Bush, a former CIA director, may have had his

own occult foreign policy or national security reasons for releasing Adam -- but none

ever came to light. And no one in Congress or the media ever demanded that Bush

explain why he had freed a narcotics trafficker. Adam was sent home to Karachi, where

his mother reportedly exclaimed, "God bless Bush! God bless Bush!"



Aside from Weinberger and company, Bush's few pardons attracted little notice, but

several of those he gave were as questionable as the most controversial Clinton pardons:

a Watergate felon who donated huge amounts of money to the president and hired well-

connected GOP lawyers; a Cuban exile terrorist whose case was advocated by the

president's son and the son's business partners; and a Pakistani heroin dealer befriended

by Jesse Helms.



So if and when Bill Clinton goes up to the Hill to testify on the subject of pardons, then

perhaps his predecessor should be invited to discuss the same sore topic. The political

influence of money and access is always troubling -- but that influence isn't much

different in the pardon process now than when George H.W. Bush exercised those

powers. The difference is that today, for reasons that have nothing to do with morality,

we are suddenly paying attention.

Executive Summary



http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/execsum.htm



In October and November 1986, two secret U.S. Government operations were publicly

exposed, potentially implicating Reagan Administration officials in illegal activities.

These operations were the provision of assistance to the military activities of the

Nicaraguan contra rebels during an October 1984 to October 1986 prohibition on such

aid, and the sale of U.S. arms to Iran in contravention of stated U.S. policy and in

possible violation of arms-export controls. In late November 1986, Reagan

Administration officials announced that some of the proceeds from the sale of U.S. arms

to Iran had been diverted to the contras.



As a result of the exposure of these operations, Attorney General Edwin Meese III sought

the appointment of an independent counsel to investigate and, if necessary, prosecute

possible crimes arising from them.



The Special Division of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia

Circuit appointed Lawrence E. Walsh as Independent Counsel on December 19, 1986,

and charged him with investigating:



(1) the direct or indirect sale, shipment, or transfer since in or about 1984 down to the

present, of military arms, materiel, or funds to the government of Iran, officials of that

government, persons, organizations or entities connected with or purporting to represent

that government, or persons located in Iran;



(2) the direct or indirect sale, shipment, or transfer of military arms, materiel or funds to

any government, entity, or person acting, or purporting to act as an intermediary in any

transaction referred to above;



(3) the financing or funding of any direct or indirect sale, shipment or transfer referred to

above;



(4) the diversion of proceeds from any transaction described above to or for any person,

organization, foreign government, or any faction or body of insurgents in any foreign

country, including, but not limited to Nicaragua;



(5) the provision or coordination of support for persons or entities engaged as military

insurgents in armed conflict with the government of Nicaragua since 1984.



This is the final report of that investigation.



Overall Conclusions



The investigations and prosecutions have shown that high-ranking Administration

officials violated laws and executive orders in the Iran/contra matter.

Independent Counsel concluded that:



-- the sales of arms to Iran contravened United States Government policy and may have

violated the Arms Export Control Act1



1 Independent Counsel is aware that the Reagan Administration Justice Department took

the position, after the November 1986 revelations, that the 1985 shipments of United

States weapons to Iran did not violate the law. This post hoc position does not correspond

with the contemporaneous advice given the President. As detailed within this report,

Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger (a lawyer with an extensive record in private

practice and the former general counsel of the Bechtel Corporation) advised President

Reagan in 1985 that the shipments were illegal. Moreover, Weinberger's opinion was

shared by attorneys within the Department of Defense and the White House counsel's

office once they became aware of the 1985 shipments. Finally, when Attorney General

Meese conducted his initial inquiry into the Iran arms sales, he expressed concern that the

shipments may have been illegal.



-- the provision and coordination of support to the contras violated the Boland

Amendment ban on aid to military activities in Nicaragua;



-- the policies behind both the Iran and contra operations were fully reviewed and

developed at the highest levels of the Reagan Administration;



-- although there was little evidence of National Security Council level knowledge of

most of the actual contra-support operations, there was no evidence that any NSC

member dissented from the underlying policy -- keeping the contras alive despite

congressional limitations on contra support;



-- the Iran operations were carried out with the knowledge of, among others, President

Ronald Reagan, Vice President George Bush, Secretary of State George P. Shultz,

Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger, Director of Central Intelligence William J.

Casey, and national security advisers Robert C. McFarlane and John M. Poindexter; of

these officials, only Weinberger and Shultz dissented from the policy decision, and

Weinberger eventually acquiesced by ordering the Department of Defense to provide the

necessary arms; and



-- large volumes of highly relevant, contemporaneously created documents were

systematically and willfully withheld from investigators by several Reagan

Administration officials.



-- following the revelation of these operations in October and November 1986, Reagan

Administration officials deliberately deceived the Congress and the public about the level

and extent of official knowledge of and support for these operations.



In addition, Independent Counsel concluded that the off-the-books nature of the Iran and

contra operations gave line-level personnel the opportunity to commit money crimes.

The Basic Facts of Iran/contra



The Iran/contra affair concerned two secret Reagan Administration policies whose

operations were coordinated by National Security Council staff. The Iran operation

involved efforts in 1985 and 1986 to obtain the release of Americans held hostage in the

Middle East through the sale of U.S. weapons to Iran, despite an embargo on such sales.

The contra operations from 1984 through most of 1986 involved the secret governmental

support of contra military and paramilitary activities in Nicaragua, despite congressional

prohibition of this support.



The Iran and contra operations were merged when funds generated from the sale of

weapons to Iran were diverted to support the contra effort in Nicaragua. Although this

``diversion'' may be the most dramatic aspect of Iran/contra, it is important to emphasize

that both the Iran and contra operations, separately, violated United States policy and

law.2 The ignorance of the ``diversion'' asserted by President Reagan and his Cabinet

officers on the National Security Council in no way absolves them of responsibility for

the underlying Iran and contra operations.



2 See n. 1 above.



The secrecy concerning the Iran and contra activities was finally pierced by events that

took place thousands of miles apart in the fall of 1986. The first occurred on October 5,

1986, when Nicaraguan government soldiers shot down an American cargo plane that

was carrying military supplies to contra forces; the one surviving crew member,

American Eugene Hasenfus, was taken into captivity and stated that he was employed by

the CIA. A month after the Hasenfus shootdown, President Reagan's secret sale of U.S.

arms to Iran was reported by a Lebanese publication on November 3. The joining of these

two operations was made public on November 25, 1986, when Attorney General Meese

announced that Justice Department officials had discovered that some of the proceeds

from the Iran arms sales had been diverted to the contras.



When these operations ended, the exposure of the Iran/contra affair generated a new

round of illegality. Beginning with the testimony of Elliott Abrams and others in October

1986 and continuing through the public testimony of Caspar W. Weinberger on the last

day of the congressional hearings in the summer of 1987, senior Reagan Administration

officials engaged in a concerted effort to deceive Congress and the public about their

knowledge of and support for the operations.



Independent Counsel has concluded that the President's most senior advisers and the

Cabinet members on the National Security Council participated in the strategy to make

National Security staff members McFarlane, Poindexter and North the scapegoats whose

sacrifice would protect the Reagan Administration in its final two years. In an important

sense, this strategy succeeded. Independent Counsel discovered much of the best

evidence of the cover-up in the final year of active investigation, too late for most

prosecutions.

Scope of Report



This report provides an account of the Independent Counsel's investigation, the

prosecutions, the basis for decisions not to prosecute, and overall observations and

conclusions on the Iran/contra matters.



Part I of the report sets out the underlying facts of the Iran and contra operations. Part II

describes the criminal investigation of those underlying facts. Part III provides an

analysis of the central operational conspiracy. Parts IV through IX are agency-level

reports of Independent Counsel's investigations and cases: the National Security staff, the

private operatives who assisted the NSC staff, Central Intelligence Agency officials,

Department of State officials, and White House officials and Attorney General Edwin

Meese III.



Volume I of this report concludes with a chapter concerning political oversight and the

rule of law, and a final chapter containing Independent Counsel's observations. Volume II

of the report contains supporting documentation. Volume III is a classified appendix.



Because many will read only sections of the report, each has been written with

completeness, even though this has resulted in repetition of factual statements about

central activities.



The Operational Conspiracy



The operational conspiracy was the basis for Count One of the 23-count indictment

returned by the Grand Jury March 16, 1988, against Poindexter, North, Secord, and

Hakim. It charged the four with conspiracy to defraud the United States by deceitfully:



(1) supporting military operations in Nicaragua in defiance of congressional controls;



(2) using the Iran arms sales to raise funds to be spent at the direction of North, rather

than the U.S. Government; and



(3) endangering the Administration's hostage-release effort by overcharging Iran for the

arms to generate unauthorized profits to fund the contras and for other purposes.



The charge was upheld as a matter of law by U.S. District Judge Gerhard A. Gesell even

though the Justice Department, in a move that Judge Gesell called ``unprecedented,'' filed

an amicus brief supporting North's contention that the charge should be dismissed.

Although Count One was ultimately dismissed because the Reagan Administration

refused to declassify information necessary to North's defense, Judge Gesell's decision

established that high Government officials who engage in conspiracy to subvert civil laws

and the Constitution have engaged in criminal acts. Trial on Count One would have

disclosed the Government-wide activities that supported North's Iran and contra

operations.

Within the NSC, McFarlane pleaded guilty in March 1988 to four counts of withholding

information from Congress in connection with his denials that North was providing the

contras with military advice and assistance. McFarlane, in his plea agreement, promised

to cooperate with Independent Counsel by providing truthful testimony in subsequent

trials.



Judge Gesell ordered severance of the trials of the four charged in the conspiracy

indictment because of the immunized testimony given by Poindexter, North and Hakim

to Congress. North was tried and convicted by a jury in May 1989 of altering and

destroying documents, accepting an illegal gratuity and aiding and abetting in the

obstruction of Congress. His conviction was reversed on appeal in July 1990 and charges

against North were subsequently dismissed in September 1991 on the ground that trial

witnesses were tainted by North's nationally televised, immunized testimony before

Congress. Poindexter in April 1990 was convicted by a jury on five felony counts of

conspiracy, false statements, destruction and removal of records and obstruction of

Congress. The Court of Appeals reversed his conviction in November 1991 on the

immunized testimony issue.



The Flow of Funds



The illegal activities of the private citizens involved with the North and Secord

operations are discussed in detail in Part V. The off-the-books conduct of the two highly

secret operations circumvented normal Administration accountability and congressional

oversight associated with covert ventures and presented fertile ground for financial

wrongdoing. There were several funding sources for the contras' weapons purchases from

the covert-action Enterprise formed by North, Secord and Hakim:



(1) donations from foreign countries;



(2) contributions from wealthy Americans sympathetic to President Reagan's contra

support policies; and



(3) the diversion of proceeds from the sale of arms to Iran.



Ultimately, all of these funds fell under the control of North, and through him, Secord

and Hakim.



North used political fundraisers Carl R. Channell and Richard R. Miller to raise millions

of dollars from wealthy Americans, illegally using a tax-exempt organization to do so.

These funds, along with the private contributions, were run through a network of

corporations and Swiss bank accounts put at North's disposal by Secord and Hakim,

through which transactions were concealed and laundered. In late 1985 through 1986 the

Enterprise became centrally involved in the arms sales to Iran. As a result of both the Iran

and contra operations, more than $47 million flowed through Enterprise accounts.

Professional fundraisers Channell and Miller pleaded guilty in the spring of 1987 to

conspiracy to defraud the Government by illegal use of a tax-exempt foundation to raise

contributions for the purchase of lethal supplies for the contras. They named North as an

unindicted co-conspirator.



Secord pleaded guilty in November 1989 to a felony, admitting that he falsely denied to

Congress that North had personally benefited from the Enterprise. Hakim pleaded guilty

to the misdemeanor count of supplementing the salary of North. Lake Resources Inc., the

company controlled by Hakim to launder the Enterprise's money flow, pleaded guilty to

the corporate felony of theft of Government property in diverting the proceeds from the

arms sales to the contras and for other unauthorized purposes. Thomas G. Clines was

convicted in September 1990 of four tax-related felonies for failing to report all of his

income from the Enterprise.



Agency Support of the Operations



Following the convictions of those who were most central to the Iran/contra operations,

Independent Counsel's investigation focused on the supporting roles played by

Government officials in other agencies and the supervisory roles of the NSC principals.

The investigation showed that Administration officials who claimed initially that they

had little knowledge about the Iran arms sales or the illegal contra-resupply operation

North directed were much better informed than they professed to be. The Office of

Independent Counsel obtained evidence that Secretaries Weinberger and Shultz and

White House Chief of Staff Donald T. Regan, among others, held back information that

would have helped Congress obtain a much clearer view of the scope of the Iran/contra

matter. Contemporaneous notes of Regan and Weinberger, and those dictated by Shultz,

were withheld until they were obtained by Independent Counsel in 1991 and 1992.



The White House and Office of the Vice President



As the White House section of this report describes in detail, the investigation found no

credible evidence that President Reagan violated any criminal statute. The OIC could not

prove that Reagan authorized or was aware of the diversion or that he had knowledge of

the extent of North's control of the contra-resupply network. Nevertheless, he set the

stage for the illegal activities of others by encouraging and, in general terms, ordering

support of the contras during the October 1984 to October 1986 period when funds for

the contras were cut off by the Boland Amendment, and in authorizing the sale of arms to

Iran, in contravention of the U.S. embargo on such sales. The President's disregard for

civil laws enacted to limit presidential actions abroad -- specifically the Boland

Amendment, the Arms Export Control Act and congressional-notification requirements in

covert-action laws -- created a climate in which some of the Government officers

assigned to implement his policies felt emboldened to circumvent such laws.



President Reagan's directive to McFarlane to keep the contras alive ``body and soul''

during the Boland cut-off period was viewed by North, who was charged by McFarlane

to carry out the directive, as an invitation to break the law. Similarly, President Reagan's

decision in 1985 to authorize the sale of arms to Iran from Israeli stocks, despite warnings

by Weinberger and Shultz that such transfers might violate the law, opened the way for

Poindexter's subsequent decision to authorize the diversion. Poindexter told Congress that

while he made the decision on his own and did not tell the President, he believed the

President would have approved. North testified that he believed the President authorized

it.



Independent Counsel's investigation did not develop evidence that proved that Vice

President Bush violated any criminal statute. Contrary to his public pronouncements,

however, he was fully aware of the Iran arms sales. Bush was regularly briefed, along

with the President, on the Iran arms sales, and he participated in discussions to obtain

third-country support for the contras. The OIC obtained no evidence that Bush was aware

of the diversion. The OIC learned in December 1992 that Bush had failed to produce a

diary containing contemporaneous notes relevant to Iran/contra, despite requests made in

1987 and again in early 1992 for the production of such material. Bush refused to be

interviewed for a final time in light of evidence developed in the latter stages of OIC's

investigation, leaving unresolved a clear picture of his Iran/contra involvement. Bush's

pardon of Weinberger on December 24, 1992 pre-empted a trial in which defense counsel

indicated that they intended to call Bush as a witness.



The chapters on White House Chief of Staff Regan and Attorney General Edwin Meese

III focus on their actions during the November 1986 period, as the President and his

advisers sought to control the damage caused by the disclosure of the Iran arms sales.

Regan in 1992 provided Independent Counsel with copies of notes showing that

Poindexter and Meese attempted to create a false account of the 1985 arms sales from

Israeli stocks, which they believed were illegal, in order to protect the President. Regan

and the other senior advisers did not speak up to correct the false version of events. No

final legal determination on the matter had been made. Regan said he did not want to be

the one who broke the silence among the President's senior advisers, virtually all of

whom knew the account was false.



The evidence indicates that Meese's November 1986 inquiry was more of a damage-

control exercise than an effort to find the facts. He had private conversations with the

President, the Vice President, Poindexter, Weinberger, Casey and Regan without taking

notes. Even after learning of the diversion, Meese failed to secure records in NSC staff

offices or take other prudent steps to protect potential evidence. And finally, in reporting

to the President and his senior advisers, Meese gave a false account of what he had been

told by stating that the President did not know about the 1985 HAWK shipments, which

Meese said might have been illegal. The statute of limitations had run on November 1986

activities before OIC obtained its evidence. In 1992, Meese denied recollection of the

statements attributed to him by the notes of Weinberger and Regan. He was

unconvincing, but the passage of time would have been expected to raise a reasonable

doubt of the intentional falsity of his denials if he had been prosecuted for his 1992 false

statements.



The Role of CIA Officials

Director Casey's unswerving support of President Reagan's contra policies and of the Iran

arms sales encouraged some CIA officials to go beyond legal restrictions in both

operations. Casey was instrumental in pairing North with Secord as a contra-support team

when the Boland Amendment in October 1984 forced the CIA to refrain from direct or

indirect aid. He also supported the North-Secord combination in the Iran arms sales,

despite deep reservations about Secord within the CIA hierarchy.



Casey's position on the contras prompted the chief of the CIA's Central American Task

Force, Alan D. Fiers, Jr., to ``dovetail'' CIA activities with those of North's contra-

resupply network, in violation of Boland restrictions. Casey's support for the NSC to

direct the Iran arms sales and to use arms dealer Manucher Ghorbanifar and Secord in the

operation, forced the CIA's Directorate of Operations to work with people it distrusted.



Following the Hasenfus shootdown in early October 1986, George and Fiers lied to

Congress about U.S. Government involvement in contra resupply, to, as Fiers put it,

``keep the spotlight off the White House.'' When the Iran arms sales became public in

November 1986, three of Casey's key officers -- George, Clarridge and Fiers -- followed

Casey's lead in misleading Congress.



Four CIA officials were charged with criminal offenses -- George, the deputy director for

operations and the third highest-ranking CIA official; Clarridge, chief of the European

Division; Fiers; and Fernandez. George was convicted of two felony counts of false

statements and perjury before Congress. Fiers pleaded guilty to two misdemeanor counts

of withholding information from Congress. The four counts of obstruction and false

statements against Fernandez were dismissed when the Bush Administration refused to

declassify information needed for his defense. Clarridge was awaiting trial on seven

counts of perjury and false statements when he, George and Fiers were pardoned by

President Bush.



State Department Officials



In 1990 and 1991, Independent Counsel received new documentary evidence in the form

of handwritten notes suggesting that Secretary Shultz's congressional testimony painted a

misleading and incorrect picture of his knowledge of the Iran arms sales. The subsequent

investigation focused on whether Shultz or other Department officials deliberately misled

or withheld information from congressional or OIC investigators.



The key notes, taken by M. Charles Hill, Shultz's executive assistant, were nearly

verbatim, contemporaneous accounts of Shultz's meetings within the department and

Shultz's reports to Hill on meetings the secretary attended elsewhere. The Hill notes and

similarly detailed notes by Nicholas Platt, the State Department's executive secretary,

provided the OIC with a detailed account of Shultz's knowledge of the Iran arms sales.

The most revealing of these notes were not provided to any Iran/contra investigation until

1990 and 1991. The notes show that -- contrary to his early testimony that he was not

aware of details of the 1985 arms transfers -- Shultz knew that the shipments were

planned and that they were delivered. Also in conflict with his congressional testimony

was evidence that Shultz was aware of the 1986 shipments.



Independent Counsel concluded that Shultz's early testimony was incorrect, if not false,

in significant respects, and misleading, if literally true, in others. When questioned about

the discrepancies in 1992, Shultz did not dispute the accuracy of the Hill notes. He told

OIC that he believed his testimony was accurate at the time and he insisted that if he had

been provided with the notes earlier, he would have testified differently. Independent

Counsel declined to prosecute because there was a reasonable doubt that Shultz's

testimony was willfully false at the time it was delivered.



Independent Counsel concluded that Hill had willfully withheld relevant notes and

prepared false testimony for Shultz in 1987. He declined to prosecute because Hill's

claim of authorization to limit the production of his notes and the joint responsibility of

Shultz for the resulting misleading testimony, would at trial have raised a reasonable

doubt, after Independent Counsel had declined to prosecute Shultz.



Independent Counsel's initial focus on the State Department had centered on Assistant

Secretary Elliott Abrams' insistence to Congress and to the OIC that he was not aware of

North's direction of the extensive contra-resupply network in 1985 and 1986. As assistant

secretary of state for inter-American affairs, Abrams chaired the Restricted Inter-Agency

Group, or RIG, which coordinated U.S. policy in Central America. Although the OIC was

skeptical about Abrams' testimony, there was insufficient evidence to proceed against

him until additional documentary evidence inculpating him was discovered in 1990 and

1991, and until Fiers, who represented the CIA on the RIG, pleaded guilty in July 1991 to

withholding information from Congress. Fiers provided evidence to support North's

earlier testimony that Abrams was knowledgeable about North's contra-supply network.

Abrams pleaded guilty in October 1991 to two counts of withholding information from

Congress about secret Government efforts to support the contras, and about his

solicitation of $10 million to aid the contras from the Sultan of Brunei.



Secretary Weinberger and Defense Department Officials



Contrary to their testimony to the presidentially appointed Tower Commission and the

Select Iran/contra Committees of Congress, Independent Counsel determined that

Secretary Weinberger and his closest aides were consistently informed of proposed and

actual arms shipments to Iran during 1985 and 1986. The key evidence was handwritten

notes of Weinberger, which he deliberately withheld from Congress and the OIC until

they were discovered by Independent Counsel in late 1991. The Weinberger daily diary

notes and notes of significant White House and other meetings contained highly relevant,

contemporaneous information that resolved many questions left unanswered in early

investigations.



The notes demonstrated that Weinberger's early testimony -- that he had only vague and

generalized information about Iran arms sales in 1985 -- was false, and that he in fact had

detailed information on the proposed arms sales and the actual deliveries. The notes also

revealed that Gen. Colin Powell, Weinberger's senior military aide, and Richard L.

Armitage, assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs, also had

detailed knowledge of the 1985 shipments from Israeli stocks. Armitage and Powell had

testified that they did not learn of the November 1985 HAWK missile shipment until

1986.



Weinberger's notes provided detailed accounts of high-level Administration meetings in

November 1986 in which the President's senior advisers were provided with false

accounts of the Iran arms sales to protect the President and themselves from the

consequences of the possibly illegal 1985 shipments from Israeli stocks.



Weinberger's notes provided key evidence supporting the charges against him, including

perjury and false statements in connection with his testimony regarding the arms sales,

his denial of the existence of notes and his denial of knowledge of Saudi Arabia's multi-

million dollar contribution to the contras. He was pardoned less than two weeks before

trial by President Bush on December 24, 1992.



There was little evidence that Powell's early testimony regarding the 1985 shipments and

Weinberger's notes was willfully false. Powell cooperated with the various Iran/contra

investigations and, when his recollection was refreshed by Weinberger's notes, he readily

conceded their accuracy. Independent Counsel declined to prosecute Armitage because

the OIC's limited resources were focused on the case against Weinberger and because the

evidence against Armitage, while substantial, did not reach the threshold of proof beyond

a reasonable doubt.



The Reagan, Bush and Casey Segments



The Independent Counsel Act requires a report as to persons not indicted as well as those

indicted. Because of the large number of persons investigated, those discussed in

individual sections of this report are limited to those as to whom there was a possibility of

indictment. In addition there are separate sections on President Reagan and President

Bush because, although criminal proceedings against them were always unlikely, they

were important subjects of the investigation, and their activities were important to the

action taken with respect to others.



CIA Director Casey is a special case. Because Casey was hospitalized with a fatal illness

before Independent Counsel was appointed, no formal investigation of Casey was ever

undertaken by the OIC. Casey was never able to give his account, and he was unable to

respond to allegations of wrongdoing made about him by others, most prominently North,

whose veracity is subject to serious question. Equally important, fundamental questions

could not be answered regarding Casey's state of mind, the impact, if any, of his fatal

illness on his conduct and his intent.



Under normal circumstances, a prosecutor would hesitate to comment on the conduct of

an individual whose activities and actions were not subjected to rigorous investigation,

which might exculpate that individual. Nevertheless, after serious deliberation,

Independent Counsel concluded that it was in the public interest that this report expose as

full and complete an account of the Iran/contra matter as possible. This simply could not

be done without an account of the role of Director Casey.



Observations and Conclusions



This report concludes with Independent Counsel's observations and conclusions. He

observes that the governmental problems presented by Iran/contra are not those of rogue

operations, but rather those of Executive Branch efforts to evade congressional oversight.

As this report documents, the competing roles of the attorney general -- adviser to the

President and top law-enforcement officer -- come into irreconcilable conflict in the case

of high-level Executive Branch wrongdoing. Independent Counsel concludes that

congressional oversight alone cannot correct the deficiencies that result when an attorney

general abandons the law-enforcement responsibilities of that office and undertakes,

instead, to protect the President.



Independent Counsel asks the Congress to review the difficult and delicate problem

posed to the investigations and prosecutions by congressional grants of immunity to

principals. While recognizing the important responsibility of Congress for investigating

such matters thoroughly, Congress must realize that grants of use immunity to principals

in such highly exposed matters as the Iran/contra affair will virtually rule out successful

prosecution.



Independent Counsel also addresses the problem of implementing the Classified

Information Procedures Act (CIPA) in cases steeped in highly classified information,

such as many of the Iran/contra prosecutions. Under the Act, the attorney general has

unrestricted discretion to decide whether to declassify information necessary for trial,

even in cases in which Independent Counsel has been appointed because of the attorney

general's conflict of interest. This discretion is inconsistent with the perceived need for

independent counsel, particularly in cases in which officers of the intelligence agencies

that classify information are under investigation. This discretion gives the attorney

general the power to block almost any potentially embarrassing prosecution that requires

the declassification of information. Independent Counsel suggests that the attorney

general implement standards that would permit independent review of a decision to block

a prosecution of an officer within the Executive Branch and legitimate congressional

oversight.



Classified Information



In addition to the unclassified Volumes I and II of this report, a brief classified report,

Volume III, has been filed with the Special Division. The classified report contains

references to material gathered in the investigation of Iran/contra that could not be

declassified and could not be concealed by some substitute form of discussion.

Iran Contra Success Stories

Background Facts: Iran Contra Affair

These men were involved in a secret and illegal covert military

operation, whereby weapons were being sold to an enemy state, Iran,

and the profits from those sales were going to illegally fund an army of

rebels the CIA was building in Central America.

Documents were shredded,

Congress was repeatedly

lied to, and an untold

number of human beings

were killed with the

weapons of destruction that

were secretly being shipped

by the US to different parts

of the world.



Each of these men played a

role in the scandal and the

subsequent cover-up, but

instead facing ruin and

disgrace, their careers

actually prospered. Today

they are top government

officials, billion dollar

defense contractors,

shapers of public policy,

and leaders in the media.





13 Marine Lieutenant Colonel OLIVER NORTH



Marine Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, Vietnam veteran and Naval War College

graduate, joined the National Security Council staff at the White House in 1981. Self-

motivated and religiously anti-communist, North fit right in to the increased operational

role envisioned for the NSC by the Reagan team. When Rober "Bud" McFarlane became

National Security Advisor in late 1983 (see card #28), he handed North the contra

account, passing on instructions from President Reagan to keep the contras alive "in body

and in soul."



North went to great lengths to perform his duties. According to Noriega's aide, Jose

Blandon, North had two meetings with Panama's strongman Manuel Noriega in 1985.

Even though Washington knew Noriega was involved in the international drug trade,

Blandon alleges North pledged to help obtain U.S. aid to ease Panama's foreign debt

crisis and lined up a PR firm called IBC (see card #15) to improve Noriega's sagging

public image. In return, Noriega promised to help in setting up two contra training camps

in Panama.



A look at Albert Hakim's records (see card #20) shatters North's public image as a

selfless patriot. Of $16.1 million in profits from missile sales to Iran, only $3.8 million

found its way to the contras. Although he had less expensive arms suppliers, North

steered most contra business to the "Enterprise", at inflated prices. North himself

skimmed at least $20,000 in contra funds for his personal use and in 1988 he was indicted

for defrauding the U.S. Government.



33 Attorney General EDWIN MEESE III



After the Hasenfus crash (see card #29), U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese III delayed

FBI and customs investigations of Southern Air Transport, the CIA company which had

owned the downed plane. But U.S. missile sales to Iran were exposed in a Lebanese

journal on November 4, 1986, and a full scale investigation became inevitable.



Meese told the press on November 25 that while on a fact-finding mission for the

President, he had discovered a memo in Oliver North's office indicating that profits from

the sale of missiles to Iran had been "diverted" to the contras. Meese stated that when he

informed President Reagan o fhis discovery, the President had claimed total ignorance.



During the ensuing investigations, the question of whether or not Reagan had known

about the diversion was debated at length. The more serious issue - the basic illegality of

the war against Nicaragua - was all but ignored. Meese's inept handling of the

investigation - his failure to secure North's office or to take notes while questioning the

principals - allowed much avidence to be destroyed.



Edwin Meese was investigated repeatedly concerning allegations of influence- peddling

and shady financial deals. He finally resigned on July6, 1988, claiming the investigations

had "vindicated" him. Subsequent publication of the Special Prosecutor's report indicated,

however, that Meese may well have committed criminal acts. Whether or not he

obstructed justice during his term as chief law enforcement officer of the U.S. deserves

further investigation.



18 Assistant Secretary of State ELLIOT ABRAMS



Elliot Abrams, Assistant Secreary of State for inter-American Affairs, was previously in

charge of the Reagan Administration's "human rights" program. In testimony before a

Congressional Committee, he implied that support for the contra war against Nicaragua

was part of the Administration's "human rights" policies.



Abrams has lied to Congress repeatedly. He misrepresented his role in soliciting a

contribution for the contras from the Sultan of Brunei (see card #17). When the Hasenfus

flight was shot down (see card #29), Abrams testified to a House sub-committee that the

U.S. government was not involved in any way, and later he helped concoct a story laying

the blame on General John Singlaub (see card #7). A few months prior to this, he had

helped win $20 million in "emergency" aid to Honduras by greatly exaggerating claims

of Nicaraguan incursions into Honduran territory.



Abrams' actions form a pattern of disinformation that characterizes the Reagan

Administration as a whole and George Schultz's State Department in particular. From the

beginning, the Administration lied about its intentions in Nicaragua, claiming that its

"covert" actions were intended to cut off arms shipments from Nicaragua to El Salvador,

when in fact they were creating an invasion force.



Abrams went on to lead the Administration's highly publicized but unsuccessful drive to

remove Panama's drug-dealing General Manuel Noriega from power.



http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/chris.holt/home.informal/bar/corsair.afdq/contra.cards/18.h

tml

Freemason 'closed shop' blocked me, says barrister

A BARRISTER claims his application to become a judge has been

turned down because he is not a freemason.

Roger Everest says he was told 30 years ago that he would never get

on in the legal profession after turning down an invitation to join the

Dinas Llandaff lodge of the Freemasons in Cardiff.

Last week the 64-year-old was informed by the director of judicial

appointments at the Department for Constitutional Affairs that he was

not being appointed a circuit judge.

Earlier this year Mr Everest, who practises from chambers at Pontyclun

near Cardiff, had a claim that his career had been blighted by his non-

membership of the freemasons rejected by the European Court of

Human Rights.

Yesterday he said, "The judiciary in South Wales is a closed shop

which I believe excludes ethnic minorities, women and men who are

not part of a masonic network.

"After over 30 years as a practising barrister on the Wales and Chester

circuit with hundreds of satisfied clients - not one of whom has ever

made a complaint against me - I am furious never to have been

offered the opportunity to sit as a judge.

"Through The Western Mail I call on the Labour Government to appoint

an eminent and impartial privy councillor to investigate the many

miscarriages of justice in South Wales - especially the wrongful

convictions that followed the murders of Lynette White and Mr and Mrs

Tooze - and to publish a register naming judges who have ever been

masons. Judges should be appointed on their merit as lawyers,

independent of their standing among masons."

Mr Everest said he planned to meet his MP Dr Kim Howells to discuss

the matter.

He added, "It is my firm belief that there is a masonic connection with

the miscarriages of justice that have occurred in South Wales."

In February 1998, the Home Office committed itself to establishing

public registers of Freemasons in the judiciary and the police.

In a response to a report written by the Home Affairs select

committee, the Home Office stated, "The Home Secretary proposes to

make a formal request to the United Grand Lodge (the governing body

of freemasonry in England and Wales) that they provide on a regional

basis consistent with the regional structure of the Lodges, the names

and identifying occupations and other necessary details of those who

are or who become freemasons in the specified professions and

occupations.

"If the United Grand Lodge is unwilling or unable to comply with this

request, or to comply only partially (for example because it does not

itself have the data in the required form) the government will initially

make arrangements for registers to be opened for all the specified

professions and occupations. All would be invited to register. Although

at this stage a failure to return information would not of itself be a

breach of conditions of employment, any nil returns would be shown

as such.

"The government will consult on where the registers should be

available but in any event it believes that they should be publicly

available.

"The government will address the need for legislation having regard to

the extent of compliance with voluntary registers, once established."

John Hamill, director of communications for the United Grand Lodge

said, "The Home Office did not pursue the idea of registers because of

the incorporation of human rights legislation into UK law. Article 14 of

the European Convention on Human Rights forbids discrimination

against minorities.

"When a straw poll was done of judges several years ago, less than

five per cent were freemasons and none of those responsible for

judicial appointments were."

http://www.prisonplanet.com/freemason_closed_shop_blocked_me_says_barrister.html



Rethink urged on freemasons issue



Scotland's justice minister will be asked to review guidelines requiring

judges to declare membership of the freemasons.



A majority of MSPs on Holyrood's Justice 2 Committee said they were not satisfied that

the existing oath of office or new appointment procedures for judges would provide

sufficient transparency.



They were considering a petition calling for new and existing members of the judiciary to

declare whether or not they were members of the freemasons.



Justice Minister Jim Wallace insisted there was no indication that freemasonry

membership has ever influenced judges in carrying out their duties.



The Scottish Executive has also stressed that an independent judicial appointments board,

which was set up at the end of May, should increase public confidence.



However, committee convener Pauline McNeill said she found Mr Wallace's reply

unsatisfactory.



The committee backed Labour MSP Scott Barrie's proposal to write again to Mr Wallace

"urging him to reconsider the issue".

MSPs are in the process of changing their code of conduct to ensure that masonic

membership is declared.



That measure has come under fire from MSPs who are freemasons. Tory Phil Gallie

described the plan as "nonsense" as his membership did not "impact in any way" on his

parliamentary duties.



Speaking on Wednesday, Liberal Democrat MSP George Lyon said: "It has been required

of parliamentary members now to make this declaration, and I think we should pursue

that with the minister and say that we need to see that being spread to the judiciary as

well."



'Sufficient safeguards'



SNP Banff and Buchan MSP Stewart Stevenson said declaration would add

"transparency and confidence in the system".



Tory Bill Aitken said the judicial appointments system was now much more transparent

and this, coupled with the judicial oath, would provide "sufficient safeguards".



He said: "I have no particularly strong views on the matter, but I just wonder when this

would cease ... should I declare my membership of the Partick Thistle supporters' club?"



Ms McNeill said that while there was "no suggestion" the judicial oath was "not enough",

public perceptions were important.



She said: "I don't think there's been a strong enough argument as to why, in the interests

of transparency in relation to the judiciary, that we shouldn't have at least a declaration

from judges."



http://www.prisonplanet.com/rethink_urged_on_freemasons_issue.html

Inductee shot dead at L.I. Masonic lodge rite

Secretive ceremony was designed to create 'a state of anxiety'



PATCHOGUE — A secretive initiation ceremony in the basement of a Long

Island Masonic lodge went "tragically wrong" when a member mistakenly pulled

out a loaded weapon and fatally shot an inductee in the face, police said

Tuesday.

William James, 47, of Medford, N.Y., was pronounced dead at the scene of

Monday night’s shooting inside the Southside Masonic Lodge, said Suffolk

County Detective Lt. Jack Fitzpatrick.



James was participating in an induction around 8:40 p.m. at the Southside

Masonic Lodge when Albert Eid, 76, of Patchogue, pulled out a gun from his

pants pocket with real bullets instead of blanks and shot him, Fitzpatrick said. Eid

had had a permit since 1951 for the .32-caliber handgun used in the shooting,

but it was not clear why he brought it to the ceremony.



A second weapon, a .22 caliber pistol with blanks, was in Eid’s other pocket. The

detective said both weapons are approximately the same size.



Fitzpatrick told reporters at a news conference that police believe the shooting

“was completely accidental.”



Police believe the Masons sat James in a chair and placed cans on a small

platform around his head.



Eid was standing approximately 20 feet away holding a gun, Fitzpatrick said. A

third member out of James’ view held a stick, and when the gun was fired the

man with the stick was supposed to knock the cans off the platform to make the

inductee think that real bullets were fired.



Fitzpatrick said the ceremony was designed to create “a state of anxiety” for the

inductees. Police also found a guillotine, rat traps, and a wooden board that

Fitzpatrick surmised was used in some type of “walking the plank” routine in the

basement of the one-story building.



Eid pleaded innocent to a second-degree manslaughter charge at his

arraignment before Suffolk County District Court Judge Paul Hensley in Central

Islip. He was released on $2,500 bail and ordered to return to court on April 27.



Eid’s lawyer did not immediately return calls for comment.



Fitzpatrick described Eid as “quite stunned and ... distraught.”



The shooting shone a spotlight on the Masons, a highly secretive society that

traces its roots to medieval craft associations.

While officials of the lodge denied that guns play a role in ceremonies, Fitzpatrick

said members told police the rite involving a gun with blanks goes back at least

70 years.



Carl Fitje, grand master of the New York State Freemasons, released a

statement early Tuesday in which he said guns do not play a role in any officially

sanctioned lodge ceremonies.



“We are fully cooperating with all of the appropriate law enforcement officials,”

the statement said.



A member of the Long Island lodge, who was told of the shooting by reporters

Tuesday morning outside the brick building in downtown Patchogue, also denied

that guns were used in Masonic rituals.



“We don’t use pistols,” said Steve Mayo, a senior deacon of the lodge who said

he was not present at Monday’s ceremony. “Nobody ever took out a gun with me.

I don’t know why he did that.”



Mayo said James had been a member of the lodge for a few months and Eid had

been a member for many years.



Monday’s ceremony was an initiation into the Fellow Craft, which is the second

degree within the Masonic system. Masonic officials described Fellow Craft as a

social organization within the club, involving active members who participate in

fund-raising and other charitable activities.



James worked as a map drafter and had worked for the Town of Brookhaven

since 1988, said town spokeswoman Inez Birbiglia. “He was a nice guy,” she

said. “Everybody around here knew him and I can’t say I’ve ever heard a bad

word about him.”

http://www.prisonplanet.com/090304_inductee_shot.html

http://www.prisonplanet.com/231103secretlist.html



Masons to reveal secret list of names



Scotsman



THEY are thick brown ledgers that wouldn’t look out of place in a Harry Potter

film. The huge tomes - each containing around 500 yellowing pages crammed

with densely-packed, handwritten information - are so heavy some staff are

banned from attempting to lift them.



The huge works are the membership registers of the 600 Freemason’s lodges of

Scotland, the "secret" order reputed to wield legendary influence in the corridors

of power.



And last week, in a historic and unprecedented move, six volumes were thrown

open to Scotland on Sunday as part of Freemasonry’s attempts to dispel its

secretive image and counter a damaging association with Dunblane killer

Thomas Hamilton. It is the first time that an outside organisation has had such

open access to masonic files.



The registration books, and the equally-voluminous attendance books for two

individual lodges, cover the period during which Hamilton could have been a

member or a visitor. Exhaustive searches by senior staff of the Grand Lodge of

Scotland - effectively head office - has failed to find any record of Hamilton ever

being a mason or even stepping over the threshold of the masonic lodges in

Glasgow and Stirling to which he has been most closely linked.



The Grand Lodge is now even considering publishing the relevant membership

records on the internet in a further move to reassure the wider public that it has

nothing to hide.



Robert Cooper, the museum and library curator of the Grand Lodge in

Edinburgh’s George Street, said: "We are going to ask for members’ permission

from two lodges that Thomas Hamilton has been linked with to print the

membership book on the internet to put an end to speculation over whether he

was a Freemason or not. We know he wasn’t but we want everyone else to be

sure as well."



It’s not just an academic exercise. The Hamilton connection has haunted the

Freemasons since he shot dead 16 children, one of their teachers and himself in

the school gym of Dunblane Primary in 1996. Last month, a petition was

submitted by a local resident to the Scottish parliament asking for the Cullen

Inquiry into the murders to be reopened to re-examine alleged masonic links.



Cooper is more familiar than most with how the theory goes. It sprang, he says,

from the clearly-recorded membership of Hamilton’s grandfather, James, a

welder who joined the Garrowhill Lodge in the working class district of Baillieston

in December 1957 and, after moving home, was a regular attendee at the Royal

Arch Lodge in Stirling until his death in 2000.



As the grandfather was a member, then so was the grandson, so the theory

progresses. As a mason, Thomas Hamilton would mix socially with other

masons, many of them local police officers, the theory dictates. "Thomas

Hamilton was unstable but was allowed to keep guns in his house by the police

because they were all masons together," Cooper said. "None of this is true."



Membership records were scrutinised for the years in which Hamilton, who was

born in 1952, could have been a member. They were from 1973, after he was 21

(you can only join at 18 if your father has been a member), to 1996 when he

died. Another two Thomas Hamiltons were unearthed in Scotland but they were

both the wrong ages.



"We spent months scouring the relevant documentation and no trace was found

of him. Of course people will say you would say that wouldn’t you, which is why

we are prepared to open the relevant parts of the register and attendance books

up to scrutiny."



Cooper hopes it will also dispel the notion that masonic membership is the

province of the wealthy and powerful. "I think most people will be surprised about

how blue collar our membership really is. I shouldn’t tell you this but there isn’t

one sheriff or judge among the Scottish membership."



The registration files themselves, stored in protective safes within the basement

vaults of George Street, are kept in much the same format as they were when

Freemasonry as a movement began life in Scotland in the 17th century. The

broad pages record the new recruit’s name, occupation and age when first

attending. A neat row notes the date of the three ceremonies each Lodge

member must undergo before the achieve the rank of Master Mason.



A glance through the pages reveals a multitude of trades and professions,

including engineers, joiners, labourers, bus drivers, pipelayers, welders, brewery

workers and the occasional company director.



There have been attempts to present a more open image to the public. The

movement and its 75,000-strong membership throughout Scotland realises that

to survive in the long run it has to overcome long-held suspicions. The George

Street headquarters is also the movement’s library and museum, stuffed with

books and antique glassware and pottery of masonic significance, which are

open to visitors.



The building dates from 1911, when it was purpose-built to replace an earlier

Grand Lodge. The 30 rooms are an Edwardian time capsule of marbled pillars

and warm wooden panelling.



The Grand Hall where the annual general meeting will be held next week has

seating for hundreds in cathedral-like splendour. The centrepiece is a traditional

black-and-white chequered carpet, which symbolises the choices of good and

evil. The many masons initiated here will have had to swear to the three great

Masonic principles of Brotherly Love, Relief (assisting others) and Truth (honesty

and integrity in personal, business and public life).



Scottish masons who have taken the vows in the past include Robert Burns, Sir

Walter Scott, Sir Harry Lauder, Manny Shinwell and King George VI.



The current Grand Master Mason is Sir Archibald Orr Ewing, a retired

Stirlingshire businessman. His father held the same position and last Friday, his

ceremonial regalia, complete with chains of office and gauntlets, had been

lovingly laid-out in his office, with its immaculate Italian marble fireplace and

ornate plasterwork ceilings, awaiting his attendance at the AGM.



Ukrainian Opposition Unveiled Masonic Conspiracy



Ukrainian opposition is to make a sensational exposure. As leader of Ukraine-s

Social Party Alexander Moroz says, about 300 high-ranking officials in Ukraine

are members of a Masonic lodge which representative office is located

somewhere abroad. These are Ukraine-s prosecutor general, chief of the

Ukrainian security service, the minister of defense, the first president of Ukraine

and parliament deputies. As LIGA online informs, Alexander Moroz says it is

abnormal that ?Ukraine-s prosecutor general is at the same time a chevalier.¦



The Socialist leader says that people belonging to a Masonic lodge cannot hold

key governmental posts.



The matter concerns the Order of Saint Stanislav into which representatives of

Ukrainian elite and high-ranking officials are actively dubbed. The initiation

ceremony of some politicians (for instance, initiation of Ukraine-s first president

Leonid Kravchuk) was photographed, and the pictures were later published in a

book. The opposition presented the book as the evidence of the Masonic order-s

existence. Former Vice-premier of Ukraine Julia Timoshenko says ?charters of

such organizations are frequently esteemed more than the Constitution and

legislation of Ukraine.¦



Ukraine-s Ex-president and leader of the parliamentary social democratic faction

Leonid Kravchuk says that accusation of his belonging to masonry are ?bluff and

lie¦. However, he admits that he has been member of the Order of Saint Stanislav

since 1999; the organization has its priory in Ukraine. But Leonid Kravchuk

doesn-t consider the organization Masonic; agency Ukrainian News quoted the

ex-president as saying that the order ?is a positive organization.¦



Indeed, declarations published on the official website of the Order of Saint

Stanislav are positive: ?strengthening of mutual understanding between nations,

consolidation of the ideals of humanism, virtue, human rights and freedoms

protection.¦ In a word, even if the Order is not a Masonic lodge, its Charter

resembles that one of Masons very much, the latter are also known as

humanists. The above mentioned objectives must be achieved by some

chevaliers of the Order, majority of which are elite of the society.



It is known that a priory of the Order was opened in Ukraine in 1999, about 300

people were dubbed into the society.



Ex-president Leonid Kravchuk says that many political figures of Ukraine and

businessmen donating for charity are members of the organization.



Andrey Lubensky

PRAVDA.Ru

Ukraine



Translated by Maria Gousseva



Read the original in Russian:

http://world.pravda.ru/world/2003/5/73/207/6542_mason.html

List of collegiate secret societies

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Background



This list contains what are commonly regarded as notable secret societies at

colleges and universities. Society founding dates are provided in parentheses. Secret

societies in existence at multiple schools, including Greek-lettered entities, may be

included only if those chapters are traditionally recognized on their own campuses for

conspicuous secrecy as an identifying characteristic. Many collegiate secret societies are

historically prefigured by Greek-letter fraternal organizations and literary societies.[1]



[edit] Class societies



Most so-called secret societies are actually properly described as class societies, that is

they take members of a particular college class year. It is most common for modern class

societies to take only members in the senior year, but there have been many in the three

underclass years. Skull & Bones at Yale, for example, is a senior class society, while its

descendant organization, Theta Nu Epsilon, is a sophomore class society.

Class societies took hold more in the northeast United States, and were and are more

common at older institutions.

Some of the senior societies are considered honoraries. An 'honorary' is a society that

often does not meet as a society except for the admission of new memners, and the

selection of members can be wholly out of the control of the membership. If, for

example, a society admits automatically the top number of students based on their grade

point average, then there is no membership control over admission to the society. Many

honoraries have admission to their society controlled by a Dean's office.

Determining when a society is a class society or an honorary is not a simple process, and

many have changed over time. The famous Cammarian Society of Brown University was

once a senior society, and then after WWII voted to make itself open, and essentially an

honorary society, before years later voting to dissolve itself entirely.

Of the list below, there is no way to determine when a particular society is a class society

or an honorary.



[edit] Colleges/universities: North America



Auburn University



• Spade Honorary (1915)

• Squires Honorary (1936)



Baylor University

• The NoZe Brotherhood (1924)



College of Charleston



• AKRATES (2006)



College of William and Mary

Main article: College of William and Mary#Secret societies



• Bishop James Madison Society (1812, 20th century)

• Flat Hat Club (1750, 1972)

• Seven Society, Order of the Crown and Dagger



Columbia University



• St. Anthony Hall (1847)



Cornell University



• Quill and Dagger (1893)



Dartmouth College

Main article: Dartmouth College student groups#Senior societies

Dartmouth's Office of Residential Life states that the earliest senior societies on campus

date to 1783 and "continue to be a vibrant tradition within the campus community."[1]

Six of the eight senior societies keep their membership secret, while the other societies

maintain secretive elements. According to the college, "approximately 25% of the senior

class members are affiliated with a senior society."[1] The college's administration of the

society system at Dartmouth focuses on managing membership and tapping lists, and

differs from that of Yale's, though there are historical parallels between the two colleges'

societies.[2][3]





• Casque and Gauntlet (1886)

• The Sphinx (1886)

• Dragon Society (1898)

• Fire & Skoal (1975)

• Abaris (1996)

• Phrygian (2005)



East Carolina University



• Society of the Seven (1948)

• Order of the Cupola (1967)

• Secret Order of the Circle (1998)

Florida State University



• Burning Spear Society (1993)



Georgia Institute of Technology



• ANAK Society (1908)



Georgetown University



• Society of Stewards (1982)

• Cloak and Dagger

• Order of the Cross and Circle



Harvard University

Main article: Final_club

Harvard contains its own variant of historic and secretive undergraduate fraternal (there

are also sororal) organizations. The Final Clubs are not referred to in Cambridge as

'secret societies' only because in the Harvard context, that appellation is unnecessary to

convey characteristics identical to collegiate 'secret societies' elsewhere. Principal

amongst these are secretiveness about their respective selection/election procedures,

which has always prompted debate about elitism, total opacity with regard to their

initiation and meeting rituals, avoidance of public posting of full membership lists, and

maintenance of their buildings by alumni trust organizations. The notable variation is in

their size, approximately sixty students per club (Yale societies have 15-16 seniors only).

Furthermore, several do permit non-members inside their buildings in the company of

members at specified times of the week (or only let in guests of the opposite sex but not

of the same sex of the members). However the Porcellian and the Delphic never allow

any non-member undergraduates inside their buildings, and non-member Harvard faculty

only in very rare instances. "Punch Season" and the "Final Dinner" is analogous to "Tap"

at Yale. Final Clubs at Harvard include:[2][3]

All male



• Fox

• Spee, formerly the fraternity Zeta Psi

• Owl

• A.D., a successor of the fraternity Alpha Delta Phi

• Delphic (circa 1888), a successor of the fraternity Alpha Delta Phi

• Fly Club, (1836), a successor of the fraternity Alpha Delta Phi

• The Phoenix - S K Club (1897)

• Porcellian (1791, originally called The Argonauts), the most famous and often

bracketed with Yale's Skull and Bones



All female (established 1991 or later)

• Bee (1991)

• The Isis (2000)

• The Sablière Society

• The Pleiades



Other



• The Signet Society, a Harvard literary club rather than a Final Club, is also

regarded on campus and by members as a 'semi-secret' society.



Mercyhurst College



• Rho Mu Beta (1979)



New York University



• Eucleian Society (1832)

• Philomathean Society (1832)



Penn State University



• Skull and Bones

• Parmi Nous

• Lion's Paw



Princeton University



• St. Anthony Hall

• Taft's Tub



Rutgers University



• Order of the Bull's Blood (1834)

• The Order of the Red Lion



Southern Methodist University



• The Squires Society



Texas A&M University



• [The Stickers]

• [True Texans][4]



University of Alabama

• The Machine (1914)



University of Delaware



• Petal and Thorn (1927)



University of Florida



• Florida Blue Key (1923)



University of Maine



• The Senior Skull Honor Society (1906)



University of Miami



• Iron Arrow Honor Society (1926)



University of Michigan, Ann Arbor



• Order of Angell (1902)



University of Missouri-Columbia



• QEBH (1897)



Mystical Seven LSV Rollins Society Mortar Board ODK

University of Nebraska-Lincoln



• Society of Innocents (1903)



University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill



• Order of Gimghoul (1889)

• Order of the Gorgon's Head (1896)



University of Pennsylvania



• Friars Senior Society (1901)

• The Philomathean Society (1813)

• Owls Society (1991) formerly Psi Upsilon



University of Texas



• Friar Society (1911)[5]

University of Trinity College



• Episkopon (1858)



University of Virginia



• IMP Society (1902)

• Raven Society (1904)

• Seven Society (1905)

• Z Society (1892)

• Left Handed Scorpions (2007)



Wesleyan University



• Skull & Serpent (1865)

• 567 (1866 - 1867)

• Owl & Wand (1868, became Mystical Seven)

• Theta Nu Epsilon (1870)

• Kappa Gamma (1872 - 1909)

• Corpse & Coffin (1872 - 1922)

• W.X.Y.Z. (1872 - 1872)

• Sigma Pi (1872 - 1872)

• Kappa Sigma (1874 - 1874)

• Mu Sigma Nu (1874 - 1878)

• Sigma Pi Epsilon (1875 - 1876)

• Omicron Kappa (1875 - 1875)

• Lambda Rho (1877 - 1890)

• Zeta Phi (1877 - 1910)

• Kappa Chi (1879 - 1879)

• Chi Kappa Sigma (1882 - 1882)

• Knot & Key (1888 - 1889)

• Sigma Nu (1890 - 1890)

• Mystical Seven (1890)

• Pi Kappa Tau (1891 - 1909)

• Sigma Tau (1896 - 1922)



Yale University

Main article: List of Yale University student organizations#Senior

societies

"Secret society" at Yale is arguably a characterization rather than a fixed category.

(Whatever in God's name that might mean.) The oldest surviving undergraduate secret

societies at Yale derive from various 19th c. fraternal organization traditions, rooted in

the Enlightenment society-founding boom [6], and therefore the term "secret society" at

Yale encompasses a variety of models: senior-only versus three-year, with or without

greek letters, affiliated with other campus chapters or stand-alone entities. From 1854-

1956, "Sheff", the Sheffield Scientific School was the sciences and engineering

college of Yale University, and it also had a fraternal culture that differed in some

respects from the humanities campus, further enriching (and complicating) the picture.

[7] Yale's history contains numerous fraternal organizations that have become defunct,

those remaining survived owing to confluences of endowments, real estate, and the vigor

of their respective alumni organizations and their charitable Trusts. [8][9] Across this

spectrum, common features of Yale secret societies are that they (usually) have fifteen

members per class, they own their "tomb" which is wholly or partially closed to non-

members (unlike a club such as the Elizabethan Club whose members may bring their

guests). Secret societies at Yale "tap" their members, mostly on the same "Tap Night",

and a member is off-limits to recruitment by another secret society, i.e. reciprocal

exclusivity -- in contrast to Yale's singing groups which also "tap", but whose members

may also join a society. As hybrids like Sage and Chalice and St. Anthony Hall

demonstrate, it is not possible to draw clear distinctions between these secretive

organizations. Yale's Buildings and Grounds Department refers to some as "senior

societies" in its online architectural database.[10] The Yale Alumni Magazine contains

historical references to fraternities also possessing "tombs". A series of articles on

Dartmouth and Yale secret society architecture provides an overview of the buildings as

"a uniquely American representation of the joining spirit, (that) are crucial to an

understanding of the organizations they represent." [11]

As an aside, the linguistic tendency at Yale for mortuary-themed concepts, i.e. tombs

(read silence of a tomb), and the prevalance of Yale men in the creation of the U.S.

intelligence community [12] may be why the term "spook" (an undergraduate society

member) became a colloquialism for a spy. [13] (For more on Yale secret society

members' influences on intelligence agencies, see the book Cloak and Gown: Scholars in

the Secret War, 1939-1961 by historian Robin W. Winks)





• Berzelius (1848, senior society, formerly a "Sheff" society called the "Colony

Club".)

• Book and Snake (1863, senior society, formerly a "Sheff" society called "The

Cloister".)

• DSG (All female, senior society)

• Elihu (1903)

• Manuscript Society (1952)

• Mace and Chain

• Sage and Chalice

• Scroll and Key (1842)

• Skull and Bones (1832)

• St. Anthony Hall (1867, three-year secret society, formerly a "Sheff" society,

with Greek letters and national affiliates.)

• St. Elmo Society [4]

• Wolf's Head (1883, senior society)



University of Wisconsin

• Malt & Barley Editors (1989, A Secret Society of the Wisconsin Law

Review)

• Iron Cross (1902)



[edit] Colleges/universities: Western Europe



University of Cambridge, England



• Cambridge Apostles (1820)



University of St Andrews, Scotland



• Karl Kennedy Club (1926)



Uppsala University, Sweden



• Juvenalorden (1907)



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_collegiate_secret_societies

Bush Jr.

&

John F. Kerry’s

Membership

In The

Skull & Bones Society

Is It Relevant Or Irrelevant To WWIII?

http://freemasonrywatch.org/theskulls.html

Skull and Bones functions like an independent elite lodge of Freemasonry

performing a role similar to P2 USA. It's origins or 'Charter of Transmission'

came from the 'Brotherhood of Death' at Inglostadt Germany, an offshoot of

Contintental Freemason Baron Von Hund's 'Strict Observance' Rite, who was

also instrumental in the founding of the Illuminati of Bavaria. The rituals

'worked' by Skull and Bones are Ancient and 'authentically' Satanic.









BUSH AND KERRY’S SKULL & BONES & MASONIC MEMBERSHIPS – ARE



THEY RELEVANT?

CBS News - 60 Minutes

http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/10/02/60minutes/main576332.

shtml



Skull And Bones



Oct. 5, 2003



Morley Safer, Correspondent



(CBS) There are secrets that

George W. Bush guards at

least as carefully as any

entrusted to a president.



He's forbidden to share

these secrets even with the

vice president -- secrets he

has held ever since his days

as an undergraduate at

Yale.



In his senior year, Mr. Bush -

like his father and his

grandfather - belonged to

Skull and Bones, an elite

secret society that includes

some of the most powerful

men of the 20th century.



All Bonesmen, as they're

called, are forbidden to

reveal what goes on in their

inner sanctum, the

windowless building on the

Yale campus that is called "The Tomb."



There are conspiracy theorists who see Skull and Bones behind everything that

goes wrong, and occasionally even right in the world.



Apart from presidents, Bones has included cabinet officers, spies, Supreme

Court justices, statesmen and captains of industry - and often their sons, and

lately their daughters, too.



Its a social and political network like no other. And they've responded to outsiders

with utter silence – until an enterprising Yale graduate, Alexandra Robbins,

managed to penetrate the wall of silence in her book, Secrets of the Tomb.”

Correspondent Morley Safer reports.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



I spoke with about 100 members of Skull and Bones and they were members

who were tired of the secrecy, and that's why they were willing to talk to me,”

says Robbins. “But probably twice that number hung up on me, harassed me, or

threatened me.”



Secret or not, Skull and Bones is as essential to Yale as the Whiffenpoofs, the

tables down at a pub called Mory's, and the Yale mascot - that ever-slobbering

bulldog.



Skull and Bones, with all its ritual and macabre relics, was founded in 1832 as a

new world version of secret student societies that were common in Germany at

the time. Since then, it has chosen or "tapped" only 15 senior students a year

who become patriarchs when they graduate -- lifetime members of the ultimate

old boys' club.



Skull and Bones is so tiny. That's what makes this staggering,” says Robbins.

There are only 15 people a year, which means there are about 800 living

members at any one time.”



But a lot of Bonesmen have gone on to positions of great power, which Robbins

says is the main purpose of this secret society: to get as many members as

possible into positions of power.



They do have many individuals in influential positions,” says Robbins. And that's

why this is something that we need to know about.”



President Bush has tapped five fellow Bonesmen to join his administration. Most

recently, he selected William Donaldson, Skull and Bones 1953, the head of the

Securities and Exchange Commission. Like the President, he's taken the Bones

oath of silence.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Ron Rosenbaum, author and columnist for the New York Observer, has become

obsessed with cracking that code of secrecy.



I think there is a deep and legitimate distrust in America for power and privilege

that are cloaked in secrecy. It's not supposed to be the way we do things,” says

Rosenbaum. We're supposed to do things out in the open in America. And so

that any society or institution that hints that there is something hidden is, I think, a

legitimate subject for investigation.”



His investigation is a 30-year obsession dating back to his days as a Yale

classmate of George W. Bush. Rosenbaum, a self-described undergraduate

nerd, was certainly not a contender for Bones. But he was fascinated by its

weirdness.



It's this sepulchral, tomblike, windowless, granite, sandstone bulk that you can't

miss. And I lived next to it,” says Rosenbaum. I had passed it all the time. And

during the initiation rites, you could hear strange cries and whispers coming from

the Skull and Bones tomb.”



Despite a lifetime of attempts to get inside, the best Rosenbaum could do was

hide out on the ledge of a nearby building a few years ago to videotape a

nocturnal initiation ceremony in the Tomb's courtyard.



A woman holds a knife and pretends to slash the throat of another person lying

down before them, and there's screaming and yelling at the neophytes,” he says.



Robbins says the cast of the initiation ritual is right out of Harry Potter meets

Dracula: There is a devil, a Don Quixote and a Pope who has one foot sheathed

in a white monogrammed slipper resting on a stone skull. The initiates are led

into the room one at a time. And once an initiate is inside, the Bonesmen shriek

at him. Finally, the Bonesman is shoved to his knees in front of Don Quixote as

the shrieking crowd falls silent. And Don Quixote lifts his sword and taps the

Bonesman on his left shoulder and says, ‘By order of our order, I dub thee knight

of Euloga.’"



Its a lot of mumbo-jumbo, says Robbins, but it means a lot to the people who are

in it.



Prescott Bush, George W's grandfather, and a band of Bonesmen, robbed the

grave of Geronimo, took the skull and some personal relics of the Apache Chief

and brought them back to the tomb,” says Robbins. “There is still a glass case,

Bonesmen tell me, within the tomb that displays a skull that they all refer to as

Geronimo.”

The preoccupation with bones, mortality, with coffins, lying in coffins, standing

around coffins, all this sort of thing I think is designed to give them the sense

that, and it's very true, life is short,” says Rosenbaum. “You can spend it, if you

have a privileged background, enjoying yourself, contributing nothing, or you can

spend it making a contribution.”



And plenty of Bonesmen have made a contribution, from William Howard Taft,

the 27th President; Henry Luce, the founder of Time Magazine; and W. Averell

Harriman, the diplomat and confidant of U.S. presidents.



What's important about the undergraduate years of Skull and Bones, as opposed

to fraternities, is that it imbues them with a kind of mission for moral leadership,”

says Rosenbaum. “And it's something that they may ignore for 30 years of their

life, as George W. Bush seemed to successfully ignore it for quite a long time.

But he came back to it.”



Mr. Bush, like his father and grandfather before him, has refused to talk openly

about Skull and Bones. But as a Bonesman, he was required to reveal his

innermost secrets to his fellow Bones initiates.



They're supposed to recount their entire sexual histories in sort of a dim, a dimly-

lit cozy room. The other 14 members are sitting on plush couches, and the lights

are dimmed,” says Robbins. “And there's a fire roaring. And the, this activity is

supposed to last anywhere from between one to three hours.”



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Whats the point of this?



” I believe the point of the year in the tomb is to forge such a strong bond

between these 15 new members that after they graduate, for them to betray Skull

and Bones would mean they'd have to betray their fourteen closest friends,” says

Robbins.



One can't help but make certain comparisons with the mafia, for example. Secret

society, bonding, stakes may be a little higher in one than the other. But

everybody knows everything about everybody, which is a form of protection.



I think Skull and Bones has had slightly more success than the mafia in the

sense that the leaders of the five families are all doing 100 years in jail, and the

leaders of the Skull and Bones families are doing four and eight years in the

White House,” says Rosenbaum.



Bones is not restricted to the Republican Party. Yet another Bonesman has his

eye on the Oval Office: Senator John Kerry, Democrat, Skull & Bones 1966.

It is fascinating isn't it? I mean, again, all the people say, Oh, these societies

don't matter. The Eastern Establishment is in decline.’ And you could not find two

more quintessential Eastern establishment, privileged guys,” says Rosenbaum. “I

remember when I was a nerdy scholarship student in the reserve book room at,

at the Yale Library, and John Kerry, who at that point styled himself ‘John F.

Kerry’ would walk in.”



There was always a little buzz,” adds Rosenbaum. “Because even then he was

seen to be destined for higher things. He was head of the Yale Political Union,

and a tap for Skull and Bones was seen as the natural sequel to that.”



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



David Brooks, a conservative commentator who has published a book on the

social dynamics of the upwardly mobile, says that while Skull & Bones may be

elite and secret, it's anything but exciting.



My view of secret societies is they're like the first class cabin in airplanes. They're

really impressive until you get into them, and then once you're there they're a

little dull. So you hear all these conspiracy theories about Skull and Bones,” says

Brooks.



And to me, to be in one of these organizations, you have to have an incredibly

high tolerance for tedium 'cause you're sittin' around talking, talking, and talking.

You're not running the world, you're just gassing.”



Gassing or not, the best-connected white man's club in America has moved

reluctantly into the 21st Century.



Skull and Bones narrowly endorsed admitting women,” says Robbins. The day

before these women were supposed to be initiated, a group of Bonesmen,

including William F. Buckley, obtained a court order to block the initiation

claiming that letting women into the tomb would lead to date rape. Again more

legal wrangling; finally it came down to another vote and women were admitted

and initiated.”



But Skull & Bones now has women, and its become more multicultural.



It has gays who got the SAT scores, it's got the gays who got the straight A's,”

says Brooks. It's got the blacks who are the president of the right associations.

It's different criteria. More multicultural, but it's still an elite, selective institution.”



On balance, it may be bizarre, but on a certain perspective, does it provide

something of value?

You take these young strivers, you put them in this weird castle. They spill their

guts with each other, fine. But they learn something beyond themselves. They

learn a commitment to each other, they learn a commitment to the community,”

says Brooks. And maybe they inherit some of those old ideals of public service

that are missing in a lot of other parts of the country.”



And is that relationship, in some cases, stronger that family or faith?



Absolutely,” says Robbins. You know, they say, they say the motto at Yale is, For

God, for country, and for Yale.’ At Bones, I would think it's For Bones.'”



copy; MMIII, CBS Worldwide Inc. All Rights Reserved.









A Journalists Introduction to Skull and Bones



This brief introduction to Skull and Bones is dedicated to those journalists in

America who have both the courage and the ability to inform the public regarding

what others may consider to be a taboo subject -- a foreign-born secret society

that has exported itself to this nation and may succeed in securing the highest

office in the land for still another of its sworn initiates. The two main characters in

this story so far are Antony C. Sutton and David Armstrong. The first is a scholar

of the first order to began the definitive work on this subject and then vanished.

The second came to Texas from California, became the editor of the most liberal

Texas magazine, wrote a series of very insightful articles on the Bush family and

then, like Sutton, was apparently muzzled.



INTRODUCTION



In May of 1994 a Texas Monthly story (p. 146) by Skip Hollandsworth, on George

W. Bush, briefly stated: "Although he did not graduate Phi Beta Kappa as his

father had, he did follow his father into the university's Skull and Bones Club, a

secret society for the males of prominent families."



The majority of Bonesmen are from old-line Puritan families. They include the

following families: Whitney, Lord, Phelps. Wadsworth, Allen, Bundy, Adams,

Stimson, Taft, Gilman and Perkins. A second group of families in the Skull &

Bones are: Harriman, Rockefeller, Payne, Davison, Pillsbury and Weyerhauser.

The Order of Skull and Bones was once called the "Brotherhood of

Death."(1)



At any given time, only about 600 or so members of the Order are alive. Of that

number only 150 (about one-quarter) take an active role in the society. It is

estimated that a core of perhaps 20-30 families run the Order. Recent Bones

inductees include a few blacks, gays, and even some foreign students. In 1991

Skull and Bones began to admit women members. Each initiate gets \$15,000

and a grandfather clock. A neophyte's name is changed to Knight so and so. The

old Knights are known as Patriarchs. Outsiders are known as Gentiles and

vandals. It meets annually-patriarchs only-on Deer Island in the St. Lawrence

River.(2)



THE SECRECY OF BONES



"Initiates are sworn to secrecy. They are required to leave the room if The Order

comes into discussion. They cannot-under oath-answer questions on The Order

and its organization." -- Antony C. Sutton(3)



The Senior secret societies at Yale, wrote Lymann Bogg, "never mention their

names."(4) Not even the inquisitive Pamela Churchill Harriman could get her third

husband to talk about Bones: "(Averell) Harriman regularly went back to the tomb

(the Bone's Temple) on High Street, once even lamenting that his duties as chief

negotiator at the Paris Peace Talks prevented him from attending a reunion. So

complete was his trust in Bone's code of secrecy that in conversations at annual

dinners he spoke openly about national security affairs. He refused, however, to

tell his family anything about Bones. Soon after she became Harriman's third wife

in 1971, Pamela Churchill Harriman received an odd letter addressing her by a

name spelled in hieroglyphics. 'Oh, that's Bones,' Harriman said. 'I must tell you

about that sometime. Uh, I mean I can't tell you about that.'"(5)



UNIVERSITIES AS SPAWNING GROUNDS OF THREE DIFFERENT SECRET

SOCIETIES



Between 1983-1986, the British-born conspiracy scholar Antony C. Sutton wrote

a series of pamphlets about the Order of Skull & Bones. Sutton said that his

series was "based on several sources, including contemporary 'moles.'"(6) The

short pamphlets were compiled into one volume and published as a book in

1986. Sutton noted that secret societies had been organized at three universities:

"The Illuminati was founded at (the) University of Ingolstadt. The (Cecil Rhodes)

Group was founded at All Souls College, Oxford University in England, and the

Order was founded at Yale University in the United States."(7) He noted: "The

paradox is that institutions supposedly devoted to the search for truth and

freedom have given birth to institutions devoted to world enslavement."



BUT, WHAT'S WRONG WITH SECRET SOCIETIES?



Sutton's "magnum opus" laid out his views regarding secret societies: "Secret

political organizations can be-and have been-extremely dangerous to the social

health and constitutional validity of a society. In a truly free society the exercise

of political power must always be open and known."(8) He then stated:

"Moreover, organizations devoted to violent overthrow of political structures have

always, by necessity, been secret organizations. Communist revolutionary cells

are an obvious example. In fact, such revolutionary organizations can only

function if their existence was secret."(9) Further, said Sutton: "In brief, secrecy

in matters political is historically associated with coercion. Furthermore, the

existence of secrecy in organizations with political ambitions or with a history of

political actions is always suspect. Freedom is always associated with open

political action and discussion while coercion is always associated with

secrecy."(10)



A pamphlet on Bones described the walls of the tomb as "adorned with pictures

of the founders of Bones at Yale and of the members of the Society in Germany

when the Chapter was established here in 1832."(11) Sutton asked: "Think about

this: Skull and Bones is not American at all. It is a branch of a FOREIGN secret

society."(12) Sutton concluded that Skull and Bones "is a clear and obvious

threat to constitutional freedom in the United States. Its secrecy, power and use

of influence is greater by far than the masons, or any other semi-secret mutual or

fraternal organization."(13)



SUTTON COMPARED BONES TO THE BAVARIAN ILLUMINATI



While critics concede that the Illuminati "was an actual group that existed from

1776 until 1785..." it is also explained that: "Given the fact that Weishaupt's ideas

ran counter to the authoritarian, church-intertwined-with-state power structure, he

was forced to keep his Illuminati secret and work through Masonic lodges. He

was not successful."(14)



Sutton made numerous tentative comparisons between the Illuminati and Bones.

Each member, according to a 1876 anonymous satire, has an "inside name" and

"these names bear a remarkable resemblance to those used by the Illuminati,

e.g., Chilo, Eumenes, Glaucus, Pristicus and Arbaces."(15) He added: "During its

time, the Illuminati had widespread and influential membership. After suppression

by the Bavarian Government in 1788 it was quiet for some years and then

reportedly revived."(16) Sutton promised that "in a subsequent book, we will

trace the order to the Illuminati..."(17) Also, Sutton stated: "The significance of

this study is that the methods and objectives (of the Illuminati) parallel those of

the Order. In fact, infiltration of the Illuminati into New England is known and will

be the topic of a forthcoming volume."(18) He later wrote: "At this point we want

to draw a comparison between the Order known as Skull and Bones and The

Order known as Illuminati in 18th century Bavaria. This is not the time and place

to draw final conclusions."(19) Sutton noted that "It (Bones) was introduced into

the United States by William Russell, later General William Russell, who brought

a charter back from his student days in Germany."(20) [So far a check of

Russell's biographies has revealed no hint of a German education]. When the

Skull and Bones "Temple" was raided in 1876 a card was found that read: "From

the German Chapter. Presented by Patriarch D.C. Gilman of D. 50."(21) The

Yale Bones catalogs indicate that Skull and Bones began in the U.S. in the 3rd

decade of the second period of the organization. The first decade of the second

period would be 1800 with the first period being 1790-1800: "That places us in

the time frame of the elimination of Illuminati by the Bavarian Elector."(22)



Two years later Sutton, in 1988, wrote The Two Faces of George Bush. In this

work he identified George W. Bush as a Bonesman like his soon-to-be President

father. Sutton has not written further on the Order. At least one close associate

claimed that Sutton became and remains "a fugitive in his own adopted country."



EDITOR OF TEXAS OBSERVER, DAVID ARMSTRONG, LASTS EIGHT

MONTHS



On March 22, 1991, a crusading journalist named David Armstrong became the

editor of the Texas Observer. His career at the most liberal and outspoken Texas

magazine lasted just over eight months. On April 5, 1991, he wrote an article

entitled "The Great S&L Robbery: Spookbuster Pete Brewton Tells All." On July

26, 1991 another article by Armstrong was entitled: "Oil in the Family." On

September 20, 1991, Armstrong wrote another piece entitled: "Global

Entanglements." The cover featured a cartoon of George "W" Bush with "Harken"

on his head and CIA agents (spies) all around him.



On November 29, 1991 David Armstrong's name appeared on the masthead of

the Texas Observer for the last time. Armstrong deplored and described what he

termed a trend of preemptive journalism: "Mainstream media have never

demonstrated a keen interest in challenging the status quo. Contrary to the

popular image of an independent and adversarial press, U.S. corporate media

are, in fact, little more than lackeys for elite interests."



Armstrong also blasted criticism of Stone's JFK movie prior to the scenes even

being shot. He criticized Times Harken coverage as "half-measures." His last

Texas Observer words were: "Time's handling of the Harken story is just one

more example of the disturbing trend toward preemptive journalism. The

consequences of this practice are serious indeed, for it has the potential to not

only diffuse and obscure information, but to prevent it from ever being debated in

the public arena at all. Unlike the alternative press, mainstream sources are

widely available and well indexed. For that reason, they are widely cited and help

shape official history. Twenty years from now when George W. Bush is running

for president, researchers and journalists interested in his business activities in

Texas will likely turn to Time magazine and other mainstream sources of their

information. But if they're interested in reading the whole story, they'll have to

look elsewhere."(23)



Thus ended David Armstrong's editorship at the Texas Observer. It is believed

that there was a last conversation between Armstrong and his publisher but no

explanation was ever written that explained his departure to the Observer's

readership. Armstrong's prophecy of a run for the presidency by George "W"

Bush has now come true. But his pen is no longer telling more of the real Bush

story.



1. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 5 (1986).

2. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 5 (1986).

3. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 213 (1986).

4. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 186 (1986).

5. Walter Isaacson and Evan Thomas, The Wise Men 82 (1986).

6. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 186 (1986).

7. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 80 (1986).

8. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 185 (1986).

9. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 185 (1986).

10. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 185 (1986).

11. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 188 (1986).

12. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 188 (1986).

13. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 186 (1986).

14. John George and Laird Wilcox, American Extremists 81 (1996).

15. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 189 (1986).

16. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 80 (1986).

17. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 77 (1986).

18. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 80 (1986).

19. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 212 (1986).

20. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 212 (1986).

21. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 212 (1986).

22. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment 214 (1986).

23. David Armstrong, "Preemptive Journalism," 12 Texas Observer

(November 29, 1991).









The Secret Brotherhood



“There has not been and there will not be a place for the unfit. The fit will

lead, and if the unfit are not coming along there is no place for them....In the

Age of Enlightenment there is no place for ignorant people. Nature will not

allow ignorance to prevail.”





- Transcendental Meditation guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi





Most of the elite were born elite. Their upbringing is steeped in tradition and is a kind of secret



society in of itself. Their father was a Mason, his father was a Mason, his father's father was a



Mason. Perhaps while growing up the child heard stories of his father's involvement in other secret



groups.

“There exists in the world today, and has existed for thousands of years, a

body of enlightened humans united in what might be termed, an Order of the

Quest. It is composed of those whose intellectual and spiritual perceptions

have revealed to them that civilization has secret destiny . . .





The outcome of this 'secret destiny' is a World Order ruled by a King with

supernatural powers.





This King was descended of a divine race; that is, he belonged to the Order of

the Illumined for those who come to a state of wisdom then belong to a family

of heroes-perfected human beings.”





Manly P. Hall 33° Mason, The Secret Destiny of America





This man is certainly in the position to know. He is regarded as the number one Masonic authority on



these matters. So here again we see the plan of a new 'World Order', only this time we're told the



philosophy behind such a belief. He also informs us of the conspiracy's antiquity.





It goes back to their belief in Atlantis and the subsequent migration of priestly kings after the



destruction of the continent. This body of 'enlightened humans' settled in the Nile delta, and passed



their knowledge to the Ancient Egyptians. Who in turn, kept these secrets safe, only to be revealed



to initiates of the mystery schools. This is why Masonry is so rife with Egyptian symbolism.



Freemasonry itself, they teach, was originally practiced in Atlantis. Before the destruction of their



civilization (either by their own hands, or punishment from God) these Atlantians were said to have



a worldwide culture (ruled by one king), a perfect religion and science.





Michael Howard, an excellent researcher of this ' occult conspiracy,' summed up his own findings this



way:





“A very important aspect of the work of the secret societies has always been

the ultimate unification of the world religions. This aim was based on the

restoration of the pre-Christian Mystery Tradition, which had been persecuted

by the early Church and forced to go underground in medieval Europe, and the

recognition that all religions had originated in a universal spirituality referred

to as the Perennial Philosophy, the Primordial Tradition or the Ancient

Wisdom. The mystical beliefs of the secret societies were, and indeed are,

based on the Hermetic maxim 'As above-so below' which teaches that the

natural world is a material reflection of the spiritual. It forms the esoteric

basis for the Ancient Egyptian Mysteries, Gnosticism, Esoteric Christianity, the

Cabbala, the Hermetic tradition, alchemy and societies such as the Templars,

Freemasons and Rosicrucians. The occult doctrines of geomancy, alchemy,

astrology and sexual magic taught by these secret societies were used as

symbolic metaphors illustrating the progression of the individual from material

darkness to the spiritual light of understanding.”





- The Occult Conspiracy: Secret Societies - Their Influence and

Power in World History (pp. 170-171)





All of these paths eventually leads the initiate into a belief system that he is privileged and chosen to



carry on the 'Great Work' or 'The Plan', that he is above the rest of humanity, he has become



'Illumined'. Therefore imposed rule is a 'right'. The ONLY allegiance is to the 'Light'. It is no



coincidence that Illuminati, in its literal translation means-'bearers of light'-Lumen, derived from



Lucifer, 'angel of light'. That, my friend, is the final secret of the illuminati. One World Government



under one World Religion, ruled by one King. It is nothing but an evil imitation, a counterfeit of the



Kingdom of God.





In Beyond the Light, William Schnoebelen describes his experiences in witchcraft and Masonry. As



he climbed up the ladder in both disciplines, he found himself square in the face of the Illuminati:





“The branch of the Illuminati into which I was inducted was supposedly

directly descended from European Chapters of the AIBS....Was I not part of a

higher form of humanity? This is what I had been deluded into believing by

Illuminism. I was told I was the next step up in the ladder of evolution, and

that Illumined Ones were as far above human beings as people were above

apes!





From somewhere...Weishaupt produced the 'Law of Fives.' His original inner

council was structured around the pentagram (symbol of the Blazing Star,

Sirius). According to our teaching, this inner council was made up of five men:

Weishaupt's friend, Kollmer, Francis Dashwood (of the Satanic Hellfire Club),

Alphonse Donatien DeSade (where we get our word 'sadism'), Meyer Amschel

Rothschild (founder of the great banking house) and Weishaupt.”

Enforcing secrecy within the Illuminati was done in the same manner as in the Greek Mystery



Schools and Super-Masonic Organizations. The candidates were required to confess compromising



information about themselves i.e., sexual indiscretions, and previously hidden criminal behaviour as



if he were confessing his sins to a Catholic priest. This reminds one of the rites conducted in another



secret society of fame, namely, the Order of the Skull and Bones. There's plenty of evidence to



suggest the orders are one and the same, or at least the modern version of Weishaupt's order.



Moreover, if Weishaupt's Illuminati were to survive it's "supposed" abolishment, besides its obvious



survival in higher Masonic degrees, the Order of the Skull and Bones would be a worthy and



powerful candidate.





It must be realized, however, that Weishaupt's Ancient and Illuminated Seers of Bavaria (AISB) was



only an outward manifestation of the Illuminati. The plans uncovered for the overthrow of all the



governments and religions of the world were certainly giving to Weishaupt by that most "august



body"; here and there only hinted about. They represent the "new man" of marxism; the race of



perfected ones that Hitler – after a face to face meeting – had said were terrifying. The Secret



Chiefs; whether human or some form of higher-intelligent beings. The Secret Brotherhood who



desire to usher in the Golden Age of totalitarian rule.





Supporting Quotes





“Witchcraft never was extirpated in the whole of western history. Moreover, if

we need fix a date for the institutionalization of witchcraft in the Christian

West, we should look to 16th century Protestant England where, under

Elizabeth I, the sorcerer John Dee achieved state power, founded Freemasonry

and built upon the occult edifice of Catholic heretics such as Giordano Bruno

and Pico della Mirandola in pursuing a "Christian" kabbalah and an alliance

with the black magic practitioner, Rabbi Judah Lowe of Prague.”





- Michael A. Hoffman II





“If the facts concerning the Royal Institute of International Affairs and the

Council on Foreign Relations be accepted, it will be seen that the proper study

of political mankind is the study of power elites, without which nothing that

happens can be understood. These elites, preferring to work in private, are

rarely found posed for photographers, and their influence upon events has

therefore to be deduced from what is known of the agencies they employ.”

- A.K Chesterton in The New Unhappy Lords, chapter XXIV





“There does exist and has existed for a generation, an international Anglophile

network which operates, to some extent, in the way the radical Right believes

the Communists act. In fact, this network, which we may identify as the Round

Table groups, has no aversion to cooperating with the Communists, or any

other groups, and frequently does so. I know of the operations of this network

because I have studied it for 20 years and was permitted for two years, in the

early 1960s, to examine its papers and secret record.”





- Carroll Quigley, Georgetown University history professor (deceased), in

Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time, 1966, p.950





“[...] In addition to these pragmatic goals, the powers of financial capitalism

had another far-reaching aim, nothing less than to create a world system of

financial control in private hands able to dominate the political system of each

country and the economy of the world as a whole. This system was to be

controlled in a feudalist fashion by the central banks of the world acting in

concert, by secret agreements arrived at in frequent private meetings and

conferences. The apex of the system was the Bank for International

Settlements in Basle, Switzerland, a private bank owned and controlled by the

worlds' central banks which were themselves private corporations. The growth

of financial capitalism made possible a centralization of world economic

control and use of this power for the direct benefit of financiers and the

indirect injury of all other economic groups.”





- Tragedy and Hope, p.324





“. . . I am now quite sure that Tragedy and Hope was suppressed although I do

not know why or by whom . . .”





- Carroll Quigley, in a letter to a friend





“The Trilateral Commission doesn't run the world, the Council on Foreign

Relations does that!”





- Winston Lord, Assistant Secretary of State, the U. S. State Department

“The Illuminati have ever led the race forward; the knowers, mystics and

saints have ever revealed to us the height of racial and individual

possibilities.”





- Alice Bailey From Bethlehem to Calvary





“Wise Men, the ancients believe, were a separate race, and to be born into

this race it was necessary to develop the mind to a state of enlightened

intelligence ... It is this larger and coming race that will someday inherit the

earth ... the Golden Age will come again.”





- Manly P Hall, The Secret Destiny Of America, p. 45





http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/Illu

minati.htm



Illuminati Structure





Banking And Money Group





• International Money Center Banks



• Central Banks



• International Monetary Fund



• World Bank



• International Bank of Settlements



• World Conservation Bank



• Multinational Corporations



• Foundations





Secret Societies Group





• Freemasonry



• Skull & Bones



• Grand Orient Lodge



• Grand Alpina Lodge



• Knights Templar



• Royal Order of the Garter

• Priory De Sion



• Rosicrucians





Political Group





• National Government Leaders



• United Nations



• Bilderbergers



• Trilateral Commission



• Council on Foreign Relations



• Club of Rome



• Aspen Institute



• Bohemian Grove



• Regional Federations (NATO, EEC, etc.)



• International Labor Unions





Intelligence Group





• CIA



• KGB



• British Intelligence



• Mafia/Organized Crime



• Drug Cartels



• Interpol



• Communist Party





Religious Group





• World Council of Churches



• National Council of Churches



• World Parliament of Religions



• Vatican, The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM)



• New Age Cults/Groups



• Liberal Protestant Denominations



• Unity Church



• Unitarian / Universalist Church Baha'i



• Temple of Understanding

Education Group





• UNESCO



• World Peace Groups



• Planetary Congress



• World Constitution and Parliamentary Assoc.



• Environmental Groups



• Lucis Trust



• World Goodwill



• World Union



• Esalen Institute



• Media Establishment









"It is the sacred principles enshrined in the United Nations

charter to which the American people will henceforth pledge

their allegiance."

President George Bush addressing the General

Assembly of the U.N., February 1, 1992





John Kerry: Incompetence or Conspiracy (Part 1

& 2)

by AL MARTIN



http://www.conspiracyplanet.com/channel.cfm?channelid=49&contentid=1537&page=2





Kerry’s Losing Campaign - Incompetence? Or Conspiracy? (Part I)









(Sep 7) Is the fix in? Are the Democrats throwing the election?









This is an overview of the practical reality of the election situation. First of all here’s

the difference between the DNC and the RNC convention.









The DNC convention was an “anybody but Bush” convention; it wasn’t a pro-Kerry

convention. The RNC convention was a pro-Bush convention; it wasn’t an anti-Kerry

convention. Why? Because they know that they have the Kerry people on the ropes. They

didn’t have to attack them the way that the Kerry people had hoped. Furthermore, the

whole Democratic Party’s idea in this campaign was to put up a compromise candidate

(that’s, after all, what John Kerry really was) and hope to get their boy in on an anti-Bush

vote.









If that’s the kind of campaign you’re going to run, then you’ve got to go on the attack

from Day One, something the Kerry people haven’t done. The attacks that the Bush

people have made, both individually and through their 527 Political Action Committees

have been very effective, particularly the Swift Boat commercials, which have hurt

Kerry. Kerry has actually more 527's formed, with more money, than do the Bush people.

However for some unknown reason, they haven’t used them yet.









What has happened is that the Bush-Cheney campaign has been one step ahead of the

Kerry people the whole time, and they suckered Kerry. Kerry doesn’t seem to understand

because A) His campaign is in disarray; B) He’s got mostly young idealistic and naïve

people. He hasn’t got those old-time Democratic Party hacks who know how to run a

campaign.









If you look at the makeup of the Bush-Cheney campaign and look at the legions of

old-time party hacks they’ve got in there, from Bob Dole to Ed Rawlins… They pulled

out every old-time Republican Party hack in the world that knows how to run a

campaign.

Kerry has gotten suckered on this issue of 527's. They hit him, and this was done on

purpose. Karl Rove was smart to do it. Karl was the guy, and the Bush-Cheney people

don’t deny it. Karl was the guy that was behind the swift-boat ads. Nobody’s denying

that. They knew that the Swift Boat ads would hurt Kerry. They knew that Kerry

wouldn’t fight back and that he wouldn’t attack George Bush because he is so frightened

of the past. That has been his consistent problem -- his fear of the past. It is what has

restrained him from attacking George Bush because he’s afraid to drag up the past.









The past is Kerry’s Big Fear. It’s like this big knot of fear in the middle of the

Democratic Party, and specifically of the Kerry campaign. They’re frightened of the

Kerry Committee hearings and its aftermath and what happened. Why? Because they

know if they attempt to attack and rehash the past or to even use information they already

have that could damage George Bush, not only John Kerry, but other senior Democrats

are vulnerable to attack as to how they dropped the ball during the Kerry Committee

hearings and just how complicit they were during the Reagan-Bush and Bush-Quayle

regimes in allowing the U.S. economy to be destroyed.









You don’t think that the Republicans are going to bring that up in a hurry? They

know that they’re pretty well insulated from it. After all, what the heck, Ronald Reagan’s

dead. They know that they can protect George Bush and the Republicans can blame

everything on Ronald Reagan if they have to.









Until John Kerry loses his fear of the past and starts attacking Bush with information

they already have, nothing will change. He made the mistake already. After he got hurt

with these Swift Boat ads, he immediately goes out and tries to sue the individual 527

involved. Before it really got to that point, the White House itself pulled the plug on the

ad. Then they go back to the Kerry Committee, then they lay out this public campaign,

and Kerry stupidly lets Bush get the initiative on the 527 issue. Bush then says, “Let’s

shut down all the 527's.” What a smart idea that was! And Kerry agreed. He effectively

agreed because he had gotten hurt once already with the Swift Boat and didn’t want to get

hurt again. So what is he doing? He said he was saving his 527 ammunition, until after

the RNC convention. You may have noticed how sneakily the Bush-Cheney campaign

filed an injunction against all of Kerry’s 527's in court.









What the Bush Cheney campaign has done is they’ve outmaneuvered and suckered

Kerry. They are going to render all of Kerry’s 527's useless. Remember, Kerry has more

527's and has raised more money than have the Bush 527's. The Bushes were smart

enough, the Bush campaign was smart enough to use it in the beginning, sting Kerry,

make Kerry fearful, then put Kerry in the corner by saying, “Let’s get rid of these 527's.”









Now it looks like the Democrats are cutting their losses with Kerry, by assuming he’s

a loser in the campaign against Bush Cheney. First of all, who wants to stick their neck

out for a loser?









What the senior Democrats and the old-time party guys thought of Kerry was --

Here’s a good compromise candidate. He’s weak. He’s not a good public speaker. He

never has been. He’s timid. He won’t stick his neck out on any issues. He doesn’t have a

well-coordinated campaign committee. They don’t even have a central fact and number

guy there, like most campaigns would have.









It’s not that they deliberately chose a loser. It was a huge miscalculation by the

Democrats. When they started looking at the polls, particularly early summer, they saw

Bush declining, Bush declining, Bush declining. They looked at polls and saw the polls

that the number of Americans that now think going into Iraq was a bad idea. Suddenly it

was above 50%. They saw economic numbers continuously weakening, that they thought

would have a greater impact because they assumed that the American people would be

more interested in economics, that Kerry could use the Clinton line, “It’s the economy,

stupid.” Kerry hasn’t even been able to use that line.

That’s one of the biggest mysteries. Part of the problem is that he doesn’t have

anyone in his campaign who is an economist or a numbers guy. They’ve got no central

database numbers guy like all campaigns usually have. For instance, after the Bush RNC

speech, the Kerry people should have immediately been on the television, not saying,

“Oh, well, gee,” like Kerry did, “I’ll put my two terms of active duty service up against

Dick Cheney’s six deferments.” That’s weak. Kerry should have been attacking. And he

should have said, “Here’s all the lies George Bush just told you. And here’s the names,

the dates, the places, the facts, the numbers.” And he has never been prepared like that.

He doesn’t have anyone to prepare him.









It was also revealed that the Republican National Committee outsourced telephone

canvassers for the Bush campaign to India. In order to reduce costs of running a

campaign, they have even applied Bushonomics to the Republican campaign itself.









Not unexpectedly there has been grumbling about this form many of the political

polling organizations that normally have contracts, old Republican firms in Virginia that

normally benefit from a political campaign. What the Bush-Cheney people have said is --

Oh, no. Bushonomics -- we’re carrying that onto the campaign. If you’re not a defense

contractor or a pill pusher (pharmaceutical company), you will be outsourced offshore.









I wonder how many Republicans and how many Farmer Joes and Ethels in Kansas

know that the Republican canvasser calling them ain’t in Washington – but he’s in

Bombay? It’s not Wally in Washingron, but Betty in Bombay, fresh from her accent

reduction training, asking you to vote for George Bush.

So the Kerry campaign is a mystery. I don’t think that’s the attitude on the Kerry side

of the equation. They still want to win. The problem is that they’re doing it without any

organization, or old party hacks who are used to playing dirty politics, and without

anybody with any experience in running a national campaign and without having a

numbers guy to get John Kerry prepared. Look at every speech that Kerry gives. You will

see than in the speeches he’s given, or in the appearances that are in response to

something Bush has said, he’s never prepared.









Look at how Bush was prepared. “Here’s the numbers.” Now, the numbers were all

lies. But the American people don’t care whether the numbers are lies; they just hear the

numbers.









And Kerry’s response to the unemployment numbers? Well, they’re not all that they

seem–because the unemployment, this was a big report today. And it came out pretty well

in line with expectation. But the masthead numbers looked pretty strong: Unemployment

rate was down another 1/10 of 1%, to 5.4%. Now, of course, the reason why the

unemployment rate was down was because 167,000 people, long-term unemployed, were

shifted and taken off the books. But the Kerry people have got to be out there saying this

stuff. CNBC and Larry Kudlow had every Republican spin-meister, and they will have

them on all day long. Their spin will be picked up by mainstream media tonight and

tomorrow. And the Democrats are saying -- Oh, well, the numbers weren’t all that they

seemed to be. That’s what John Kerry says. But he doesn’t tell anyone what the numbers

are.









So what is the punch line of this Kerry campaign?

This is something that needs to be said. I and others like me, that Kerry used and

abused during the Kerry Committee hearings, were offered protection from Democrats in

the past, from the Bushonian kick in the knee during the long series of Iran-Contra,

IraqGate and all the Democratically controlled investigative hearings from 1987 to 1992.









Assurances and promises were made consistently by the Clinton peope. Now I find

out, after talking with people that there are people out there that have been resisting

Republican envelopes. You might ask - why would they do that? To attack Kerry on this

very subject.









Look at what a powerful representation it is to hit Kerry with, particularly where the

Bush-Cheney regime has made it sound like this guy’s two terms in Vietnam are

meaningless and that Kerry had self-inflicted wounds. More than half the people believed

what the swift boat veterans said. And this is where the Bush-Cheney regime is very

strong -- playing the military card. In other words, we the Bushonian Republicans support

the military and we support the war on terrorism.









It’s come to my attention that people involved in the Iran Contra are actually refusing

their “envelopes.”









And why would people be refusing their envelope of monies owed or promised to

them by the government? Because they’re desperately hoping that the Democrats will

live up to their promises. And it ain’t happening.

I didn’t think this would happen because the Republican side of the equation could be

hurt since it would again drag up the past. The Bush-Cheney campaign has such superb

control of the media, so they have all of their skeletons locked away in the closets, and,

boy, they’ve got dead bolts on them and they know it.









They could actually gerrymander my situation for instance. It could come out and

keep Oliver North and George Bush clean. They don’t have to raise Iran-Contra all over

again.









What they’d do is they’d march out guys like me to say, “Here’s military veterans

that fought for our country.” You know what a powerful representation that can make?









Or instead of marching people like me out, they could get people like us to say

something on our own independently and to make it appear that we’re on our own.









What these people believe is that A) they are like me -- leery of the Republicans,

obviously, and B) what they hope is what others have hoped because that was the word

that was initially put out from the Kerry Committee at very top levels.









It came to my attorney too. The word was put out: “We’ll take Kerry if our boy gets

in office.” Now, we heard that once before from Bill Clinton, who pulled the rug out

from under us









So why would these people believe this story a second time? Because these people,

even me, are intimidated by Republican power. Therefore we are reticent. If, however,

somebody comes along and puts out the word around George Bush saying - hey, we

know you got screwed in the past but we’re willing to make good, and here’s something

to prove it. What a powerful representation it can be. It’s a twofold incentive. Because he

knows that people like me will come out of the woodwork in the next couple of weeks

anyway. Because we know that Kerry ain’t going to be elected. So we want to strike

whilst there’s still something there to strike at.









They have been one step ahead of the Kerry Committee in this entire, not just the

Kerry campaign. They have been one step ahead. They have actually orchestrated the

script for this entire Presidential election season and campaign. What the Bush people

know is that people like me are going to come out of the woodwork anyway because we

perceive the same thing that they perceive -- that Kerry is a loser. Therefore we’re going

to want to get in our licks whilst it’s still worthwhile. The long and short of it is that

Kerry could be hurt terribly by this. Kerry has to act independently, independent of the

Clinton people, to repair the damage that Clinton did when he yanked the rug out from

everyone in the `92 campaign.









Clinton did it because of his exposure to the so-called “Mena” issue, i.e. CIA

narcotics trafficking in Arkansas, while Clinton was governor.









With Kerry the Democrats are trying to cut their losses. They are distancing

themselves from John Kerry, the compromise candidate. They fronted him because he

was the cleanest guy they could think of to front. And what they thought ain’t happening,

that they could just sweep this guy in, a guy that’s not a good public speaker, that doesn’t

have any real campaign organization--that they could just sweep this guy in on an anti-

Bush tide. What they don’t realize is that you’ve got to push that tide. You just can’t sit

there and do nothing, like this Kerry campaign.









Is it by design? Unless I’m wrong, this would imply a degree of competence, which

the Kerry campaign certainly doesn’t have. Perhaps there are Democrats or some

structure behind the Kerry campaign.









The only logical answer to any of this, if you want to say the Democrats have any

degree of competence, would be that they were purposely waiting until after the RNC,

waiting for the Bush bounce to happen and then dissipate, which happens very quickly,

then go on the attack and launch a final 10-week concerted attack that had been well-

coordinated with all the numbers and facts right there.









If this prediction doesn’t come true, then, obviously, they’re not competent.









Then there’s another question. When two members of the secret society of the Order

of Skull and Bones (George Bush and John Kerry) are running for the office of President

of the United States, is one of them told to take a dive?









Is the designated loser “supposed” to be John Kerry?

The question remains: Is Kerry’s Losing Campaign just incompetence or is it a

calculated conspiracy?









(Next Week: Kerry’s Losing Campaign - Incompetence or Conspiracy? Part 2; Pat

Buchanan, Write-In Candidate for the Republicans?)









[Don’t miss a single column by political-economic analyst Al Martin, author of “The

Conspirators: Secrets of an Iran Contra Insider.” Subscribe now by logging on to Al

Martin Raw. com: Political, Economic and Financial Intelligence. Go to

http://www.almartinraw.com or click here]



* AL MARTIN is an independent economic-political analyst with 25 years of experience as a

trader on NYMEX, CME, CBOT and CFTC. As a former contributor to the Presidential Council of

Economic Advisors, Al Martin is considered to be a source of independent analysis for financially

sophisticated and market savvy investors.



After working as a broker on Wall Street, Al Martin was involved in the so-called

"Iran Contra" Affair as a fundraiser for the Bush Cabal from the covert side of

government aka the US Shadow Government.



His memoir, "The Conspirators: Secrets of an Iran Contra Insider,"

(http://www.almartinraw.com) provides an unprecedented look at the frauds of the

Bush Cabal during the Iran Contra era. His weekly column, "Behind the Scenes in the Beltway," is

published weekly on Al Martin Raw.com, which also publishes a bimonthly newsletter called

"Whistleblower Gazette."



Al Martin's new website "Insider Intelligence" (http://www.insiderintelligence.com) will provide a

long term macro-view of world markets and how they are affected by backroom realpolitik.



Is John Kerry throwing the election to his fellow Bonesman George Bush, who is also member of

a secret society called the Order of Skull and Bones? The evidence suggests that he certainly is.

The fact that he hasn’t hired any competent consultants like Jim Carville certainly suggests that

he is not putting his all into this campaign fight. To the informed observer, it certainly appears that

this so-called incompetence may be more calculated than inadvertent.



The fact that his campaign staff is largely comprised of thirty-something wide-eyed liberals who

don’t know the realities of Washington and who weren’t there in the 1980s, as it were, and don’t

know what’s happening, do not know the realities, would suggest that this is not an unintentional

level of incompetence, but an intentional level of incompetence designed as a losing proposition

at the polls.



Indeed, Kerry is being looked at increasingly as a losing proposition by other Democrats because

senior Democrats, all of whom are wealthy, do not want to stick their neck out to support Kerry,

since their vested financial interest (as is Kerry’s vested financial interest being the spouse of a

multibillionaire) is aligned with Bushonian interests.



It should be remembered that Kerry is married to a woman who is a beneficiary of an $8 billion

trust, whose principal assets, by the way, are not Heinz stock, as is commonly presumed, but

stock positions, or share ownership, in other words, of the so-called group of 117 corporations,

which is the so-called preferred group, from which more than half of all Republican political and

special interest money comes from. These are the 117 corporations, making up the bulk of the

defense- pharmaceutical/ health care-tobacco, etc. industries, which constitute the core of

Republican money. In fact, those industries, indeed, represent the control of the planet. If you

take the largest energy companies, the largest health care and pharmaceutical companies, the

largest defense companies, the largest financial services companies, etc., they do, effectively,

constitute control of the planet’s financial resources.



The only other assumption that can be made is that the Kerry campaign is simply incompetent by

its very nature and not by design. John Kerry is a politician who was, after all, a compromise

candidate for the Democratic ticket and whom the Democratic National Committee thought could

be swept in on an anti-Bush vote. Therefore you put in a compromise candidate who is

reasonably clean, i.e. not involved in any major frauds and can’t be connected to any, but also a

guy who is frightened to stick out his neck, as it were. This is a man that dropped the ball in the

Kerry Committee hearings, who purposely did not look at Bushonian involvement during the

1980s Iran-Contra period in a variety of illegal acts. That would bespeak of a man who has

common interests with the Bushonian Cabal.



The very fact that he dropped the ball, that he did not look at the panoply of Bushonian-inspired

fraud -- insurance fraud, banking fraud, securities, oil and gas, and real estate fraud: “the five all-

time favorite Republican frauds,” to use Richard Secord’s words. And he ignored the CIA

trafficking in cocaine.



So the question remains: is it conspiracy or is it incompetence? Is he actually conspiring? Is his

seeming incompetence as a candidate, both individually and the campaign organization behind

him, is their seeming incompetence tantamount to a conspiracy to make sure that he loses? And

to make sure that George Bush and Bushonomics is maintained, from which the $8-billion trust

that his wife is the primary beneficiary?



Look at it in terms of net worth. Here’s an interesting point - Teresa Heinz Kerry is one of the top

100 individual citizens in the nation who has benefited MOST from Bushonomics -- by virtue of

the net value of her assets increasing after taxation due to Bushonomics. She is one of the top

100 people in the nation who has benefited from Bushonian tax cuts for the wealthy.



From that perspective, John Kerry’s professed agenda, wherein he said he would raise capital

gains tax, for instance, that he would raise unearned income tax, i.e., taxation on dividends and

interest (the reason he’s saying that) is that he would have to do so in order to reduce the

Bushonian budget deficits he would inherit. However, if you look at the numbers that he is talking

about in terms of raising capital gains taxes, in terms of raising unearned income taxes, it would

incre4ase his wife’s income tax liability by some $50 million per annum.



Simply put, if Kerry is elected, and if he makes good on his promise, which he would have to do in

order to combat the fiscal mess he is inheriting (i.e., Bushonian budget and trade deficits) he

would have to raise capital gains taxes and unearned income taxes. If you look at the numbers

that he is talking about, the numbers that he has implied that he would increase capital gains and

unearned income taxes by, the amount of tax shelters, offshore tax shelters that he said he would

close if elected, that would be correct



Of course, he would be acting against his own best interest. This gets back to what George

Wallace said There ain’t a dime’s worth of difference between a Democrat and Republican --

when both of them have a net worth of more than $10 million. And George Wallace knew he was

right. That is one of the great truisms of American politics.



Click here for the rest of the story Al Martin Raw.com: Political, Economic and Financial

Intelligence")



* AL MARTIN is an independent economic-political analyst with 25 years of experience as a

trader on NYMEX, CME, CBOT and CFTC. As a former contributor to the Presidential Council of

Economic Advisors, Al Martin is considered to be a source of independent analysis for financially

sophisticated and market savvy investors.



After working as a broker on Wall Street, Al Martin was involved in the so-called "Iran Contra"

Affair as a fundraiser for the Bush Cabal from the covert side of government aka the US Shadow

Government.



His memoir, "The Conspirators: Secrets of an Iran Contra Insider," (http://www.almartinraw.com)

provides an unprecedented look at the frauds of the Bush Cabal during the Iran Contra era. His

weekly column, "Behind the Scenes in the Beltway," is published weekly on Al Martin Raw.com,

which also publishes a bimonthly newsletter called "Whistleblower Gazette."





Al Martin's new website "Insider Intelligence" (http://www.insiderintelligence.com) will provide a

long term macro-view of world markets and how they are affected by backroom realpolitik.



QUICK COMMENTARY BY ROBIN LOXLEY



I believe that the Nations of Islam must be stopped from developing



weapons of mass destruction and I think that the best leader for the job in slaying



the beasts of Islam is George Bush Junior in 2004. In view of my first diagram of



Allah the beast, & Muhammad the false prophet, we must not ever allow Middle



Eastern States to rule the world for an oppressive & worthless religion like Islam.





Despite our elimination of a greater evil: Islam’s oppression of women,



children, governments, Israel, America, the world, there is a lesser evil that



dominates the world. Ezekiel points out that the Nations of Islam will be ruled by



a Northern King, Satan, who will have absorbed the Nations Of Islam under his



umbrella. No matter who you vote for in American politics, it is this devil who is



going to deceive all nations into a war against Israel and it will take an American

President who stands with Israel to fight against such militaries and groups who



oppose & injure Israel.





This is one reason why I will vote for Bush in 2004. He has supported



Israel in the war against Islamic terrorism and where Clinton & Gore failed, Bush



has proven himself to be an excellent leader against the beasts of Islam.





Kerry was not the right vote for 2004, because he is for Satan’s goats on



the wicked left and Bush is for God’s sheep on the right. The only thing we can



really thank the Democratic party for is our unemployment checks. No matter



who you vote for, however, it is THE SYSTEM that is flawed and it is THIS



SYSTEM OF CAPITALISM that is causing so much division in the world.





I think Bush is a competent and righteous leader. That is my opinion as a



non-partisan voter. If I am a soldier on the battlefields against the armies of



Islam, I would want Bush as my Commander-in-Chief and not Kerry. You just



would feel safer with Bush in charge of our militaries and our war campaign.





However, several questions have come up, which raise fears and doubts



as to what exactly is in Bush’s heart.





Now Fox News is a team of the most excellent news reporters in the



world. They will convince everyone Christian, me included, that Bush is the best



man for the job of being Commander-in-Chief and for showing us the beliefs and



principles which George Bush expresses:

1. He is a Christian Man with Faith in Jesus Christ



2. He is against homosexual marriages



3. He will not use Federal Money to fund stem cell research



4. He has honesty and integrity



5. You know where Bush stands



6. He is against partial birth abortion



7. He has handled the war against Islamic Terrorism extremely well



8. He is against the United Nations having authority or decisions over our



U.S. troops and will not have our troops tried in a criminal court.



9. He wants car companies to transfer to hybrids & electric cars



10. The first bill he signs is the Faith-Based Initiative, granting Faith-Based



programs $4 billion to help needy families





Kerry was for none of this and became the adversary of every one of Bush’s



beliefs and principles and does not look like, nor sound like he is competent to



lead this country anywhere, except into enemy hands.





In our war of Democrat versus Republican, it appears as if the Republican



party is fighting against the devil’s chronies on the goat left with the Biblical



approach of righteousness, truth & justice and our American Way of the pursuit



of freedom.





Although the war was tainted by oil and petroleum interests, the righteous



cause of liberating Iraqis from Islamic fascism to create a better world for women



and children was and is a cause worth fighting for.

Yet, we non-partisans, who are neither Republican, nor Democrat, (although I



am voting for Bush as the better candidate for the job of U.S. Presidency and



Commander-in-Chief) are greatly concerned over the Bush and Kerry



involvement with Skull & Bones in their early years. Each person, when they



hear about the Bush involvement with Skull & Bones, either shrugs and says, “So



what?” or doubts in Bush and doesn’t trust him, due to his father’s statement of



America being led into a “New World Order.”





I voted for Bush, because although he might have once been involved with



the Masonic Lodge, he is definitely a Christian Mason, and historically, Christian



Masons have been more Biblical than the New Age Occult Masons, such as



Clinton and Kerry. I am not saying that Masonry is Biblical, nor am I supporting



the Skull and Bones Society by supporting Bush’s leadership. I support Bush the



man, for the good decisions he made in FIGHTING against false peace and I



applauded Fox News during his administration for reporting news in the proper



context of patriotism for America and Israel against terrorist murderers. Although



I have always been against capitalism, I have always been a supporter of my



country and Israel as a Nation. I applaud any man who stands up for Biblical



Truth in a world that hates God and tries to put a happy face smile on gods who



don’t exist.





I would fight for a man like Bush, but not a man like Kerry. If they are both



Masons then what is the difference? Is Bush sincere in his faith in Christ or is he



part of a Master plan to lure Christians into Globalization politics? Is Bush the

good pawn being used by the knights of darkness, to draw out the Christians and



obtain the Christian vote? If there were some kind of devious manipulation going



on, then Bush would have followed Kerry’s view of transferring U.S. power of war



over to the decision of the U.N. Bush would not have stood up for the Biblical



principles he believes in, unless of course, like Lucis Trust, we are combining the



Jesus of the Gospel with the Jesus of every culture. I will be honest in telling you



that I don’t know President Bush’s true heart or his true intentions or how he got



seated in power to the highest offices of U.S. Government.





As a non-partisan voter who voted Republican in 2000 and is voting



Republican again in 2004, the mere question of the Bush involvement with



Masons, the Masonic Lodge, as well as their younger days of being involved with



Skull & Bones, casts a shadow government upon both his dad and his own



initiation as our U.S. Presidents, for if it is true, that they are Masonic Christians,



and not just Christians, then we have a problem to be addressed. It is possible



to be a part of the Masonic Lodge, advance through the degrees, and treat it as a



Fraternity on a College Campus. That is what the Skull & Bones Membership



was for Bush & Kerry – a Fraternity Initiation on a College Campus – the most



elite one around. There is a lot of hype about this Fraternity, its secrecy, its



rituals, its high-power connections. I personally don’t trust any man to be my



leader since Jesus is my only leader and the only entity who represents my



Commander-in-Chief, but I have some questions as I go to the voting booth and



vote Bush into office, as I think he is the best man to prevent the beasts of Islam



in taking over the world and making towel heads out of all of us.

Has Bush repented of shaking hands with Masons? Or is Bush still



friends with Masons? Is he getting his money and finances for war from wealthy



Masons? Christians seems not to care, so long as we have a Christian



President. I agree. Having a Christian Mason is better than having a New Age



Mason for President, because at least a Christian Mason has sworn allegiance to



the Bible, whereas a New Age Mason has sworn allegiance to every god except



the Biblical God.





Although by Biblical definition, you cannot be a Mason and a Christian,



there are wealthy Christians who are Masons that don’t understand the occult



dimensions of the Fraternity they have sworn allegiance to. In fact, ALL



CHURCHES ARE UNAWARE THAT THEIR BUSINESS IS LOCKED INTO THE



GLOBAL ECONOMIC BEAST SYSTEM ALREADY.





ALL CHURCHES ARE LOCKED INTO THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL



SYSTEM. EVERY PULPIT IS LOCKED INTO BANK DEBT. ALMOST EVERY



STUDENT OF THEOLOGY WITH A COLLEGE DEGREE IS LOCKED INTO



BANK DEBT. CAN WE TRUST THE SYSTEM TO LEAD OUR CHURCHES TO



JESUS CHRIST? ABSOLUTELY NOT!





WE CAN VOTE FOR A CHRISTIAN PRESIDENT WHO HAS BIBLICAL



IDEAS, BUT THE AMERICAN SYSTEM ITSELF HAS FINANCIAL CONTROL



OF OUR CHURCHES, DESPITE THEIR TAX EXEMPT STATUS.

YOU WILL DISCOVER AMONG OUR “CHRISTIAN” CHURCHES,



EITHER REBELLION OR COMPROMISE, REVOLUTION OR SURRENDER TO



THE GOVERNING AUTHORITIES.





I have chosen to step outside the Churches, outside the schools, outside



the governments, to achieve my own freedoms. I cherish my freedoms because



they come from Jesus Christ and no man is my authority. I voted for Jesus



Christ as my Commander-in-Chief a long time ago, but for now, we can enjoy the



last remnants of Christian leadership before the great monster foretold takes over



the world and forces everyone to either accept his name and be part of the new



age financial system or to reject his name and die.





www.conspiracyarchive.com









Skeletons in the White House

- by B. Kim ©, Feb. 25th, 2005









Yale University may, possibly, be withholding America's most dangerous

secrets. The institution protects the interests of three "Orders," presenting Scroll and Key,

Wolf's Head, and the notorious Skull and Bones as "Senior Fraternities," but former

pledges of these "Tombs," particularly Skull and Bones, dominate American politics and

prestigious corporations. The Constitution places the people over the government

and states equally, everyone included. If they can investigate us, "we the people" need a

closer analysis of future, US leaders, their dinner dates, and the companies who drop

billions upon trillions into funding their schemes. Secrets between powerful

organizations, namely, Skull and Bones and Scroll and Key (two prime suspects in

enforcing the planet under a single government; the New World Order), deserve a

mandatory investigation. Think history was an accidental phenomenon? Time to learn

how to analyze an entire situation, outside of the group, for "the group" is the reason the

entire race is destined to fall, but no worries; it is only the end of the world.



Does anyone realize the dangers of dormancy? Politics and media navigate society,

affecting our way of thinking. Global instability skyrockets, the government raises taxes

to fund their "War on Terrorism," and still, the body politic fusses without a fight. In this

carelessness, our species dissolves. If the best excuses to not vote circumference either, "I

really don't know about politics" (translation: "I don't care enough about anything, let

alone politics."), or, "Why should I vote? What's the difference?" (translation: "I'm too

lazy to do anything"), we already signed our fate. Civilization, truly, is doomed. The truth

is, there may, really not, be a distinct identity between the elephant and ass; herein lies

the beginning to a major problem. Erase philosophical variations of the Democrat and

Republican parties, and one will find that separating the left from the right leads to a

unified interest of totalitarianism. GPS devices are implanted in most automobiles, and

now, imbedding tracking systems in children has raised discussion. Adults are next. Are

we heading toward a Brave New World, or will the year 2084 resemble Orwell's 1984?

American politics currently reflect characteristics of a global campaign to enforce

totalitarian socialism as the New World Order, a predestined history written in New

Haven, Connecticut, circa 1832 (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 9).



The Order of the Skull and Bones' alias is the "Brotherhood of Death" (Wikipedia, "Skull

& Bones" par. 1) but despite "popular belief," the quiescent society was not the first

enigmatic consortium at Yale University; Phi Beta Kappa, established in 1780, was the

taciturn predecessor of Skull and Bones (Schiff, par. 2-3). Harvard administration, in

reaction to the closed-door policies of the garbo fraternity, assigned Unitarian

Massachusetts chaplain and destined president of Harvard, as the liaison who would

preach on the behalf of denouncing the presence of sodality as a part of collegiate

curriculum. Everett's solicitation impacted Phi Beta Kappa, henceforth, propelling the

defiant trend in the oaths of silence (Dong, par. 7-9). In an offended backlash to the

transition, Yale's 1833 valedictorian, William Huntington Russell, in alliance with

Alfonso Taft, father of president, William Howard Taft, and fourteen others, assembled

the Order of the Skull of Bones, December 1832. Russell and Company, built in 1823, by

William Huntington's cousin, Samuel, affixed the corporation's fortune in the US opium

smuggling-trade with China. Samuel's prosperity of the family wealth would be the

funding agency, overseeing the construction of the "Tomb" in 1856 (Millegan, par. 10,

20).



William Huntington Russell returned to the US after a year in Berlin, enticed with Georg

Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's infusion of "scientific method" with humanitarian enterprise.

The proletarian theorem dominated Bavaria during his foreign study, basing philosophy

at the roots of communism and fascism (Millegan, par. 7,9). During his year's stay, he

sustained a relationship with a corrupt, German luminary of an underground organization

who promoted death as their insignia. The society which was none other than, the

apocalyptic Order of Bavarian Illuminati (Robbins, "George W. Bush and the

'Brotherhood'" par. 2). The German coterie seemed to "share an affinity for the Hegelian

ideas of the historical dialectic, which dictates the use of controlled conflict — thesis versus

anti-thesis — to create a pre-determined synthesis; a synthesis of their own making and

design, where the state is absolute and the individuals are granted independence based on

their obedience to the state — a New World Order" (Millegan, par. 38).



First traces of the Illuminati appeared, supposedly, as early as the fifteenth century, but

Adam Weishaupt reinstated the Bavarian Order of the Illuminati (originally named the

Order of Perfectibilists) May 1, 1776 (Obie, "Adam Weishaupt" par. ). Weishaupt was

employed as a Professor of Natural and Canon Law at the University of Ingolstadt in

1775, the year marking his elicitation of the Order of the Illuminati, an opposing party in

the University. His "cosmopolitan" ideas, along with others who thwarted "the bigotry

and superstitions of the Priests," (Obie, "Adam Weishaupt" par. 2) took offense to the

clergy, thus, confirming the revolt, also known as the "Enlightened" (Obie, "Adam

Weishaupt" par. 2). In 1785 a messenger, en route from Frankfurt-on-the-Main to Paris,

was struck by lightning. Discovered on the dead body was a piece written by Weishaupt

titled, "The Original Shift in Days of Illumination," the contents describing the future

goal for "the New World Order through Revolution" (Millegan, par. 88). The "professed

object" (Obie, "Adam Weishaupt" par. 1) was, by the mutual assistance of its members,

"to attain the highest possible degree of morality and virtue and to lay the foundation for

the reformation of the world by association of good men to oppose the progress of moral

evil" (Obie, "Adam Weishaupt" par. 1). Illuminati means, "intellectually inspired," an

occult claiming, "wisdom from a higher source" (Secret Organizations, "List" par. 9),

blending philanthropy with mysticism (Secret Organizations, "List" par. 9). Yale

University derives from the generosity of one who is referred to as a philanthropist, but

"mystic" does not justly describe the Order of the Skull and Bones or the ill manners of

their operative secrets (Millegan, par. 2).



Dissidence surrounds the existence of the Illuminati, just as any clan vying for world

domination, yet, they are more than a fabled doctrine specifically created for the first

Tomb Raider movie. Weishaupt revived an independently-thinking league of republicans

seen as a "rationalistic secret society," (Obie, "Adam Weishaupt" par. 5). The

propagandist liberation of humanitarian thought, the exploding trend of eighteenth-

century Europe, paralleled the fellowship's nuclear ideology; their accelerated rise to

power became far too easy. The Illuminati was the "first society to use political

subversion as the machinery of a secret organization offered by freemasonry... through

the craft, they began to spread" (Obie, "Adam Weishaupt" par. 5). Historians, namely the

Masonic writers, suggest, they were nothing more than a "curious historical footnote, "

(Obie, "Adam Weishaupt" par. 6) but conspiracy theorists beg to differ; in their opinion,

the Illuminati holds an association with the Trilateral Commission, International Zionism,

and communism, all directly related to the Vatican as a bid for world domination (Obie,

"Adam Weishaupt" par. 6).



Can the existence of the Skull and Bones, truly, be traced to the Illuminati? Conspiracy

theorists say "absolutely," pointing to the beginnings with the Russell family tree. Around

the late eighteenth century, the clan moved to Germany from Scotland. As the plot

thickened, individuals with the surname, Russell, appear significantly constant

throughout the many levels of the New World Order. Several other Russells validated

prominent memberships with the Illuminati, Masons, and groups controlling the plans of

the New World Order, mainly dominating the business as merchants and lawyers

(Springmeier, par. 14-5). The actual Skull and Crossbones symbol, the one associated

with the flags sailing on the pirate ships (also on the Russell Trust Association's fleet

during the opium trade!), waves the message of a "double cross" (Goldstein and

Steinberg, par. 49), and happens to be the official crest of the Illuminati (Marrs, p. 91).

The resemblances are far too striking to be coincidental. Both follow the rampant motif

of "constructive chaos" (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 6), emitting contradictions on

every crucial issue while keeping their agenda hidden (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 6).

The Bonesmen hold tightly to "constructive confusion" (Goldstein and Steinberg, par.

15), purposefully leaking "conflicting mythologies to spring up about the origins and

history of their secret fraternity" (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 15).



Common similarities between the organizations evidently point to a strong connection.

The Illuminati and the Order both designate "secret" names for their initiates following

induction; names known only to the members within the group (Marrs, p. 91). Rituals,

tight bonds to authoritative figures, and philosophy encompass three, shared traits of the

fellowships, but the code of ethics, explicitly for the Skull and Bones, elevates

apprehension. Their rites of passage ceremony involves a masquerade demonstrating an

"idolization of death, and attainment of power by killing" (Wikipedia, "Skull & Bones"

par. 8). Associated with the fact that an asymmetric amount of Bonesmen graduate into

the CIA, an agency which promotes "torture and murder to achieve its ends" (Wikipedia,

"Skull & Bones" par. 8), surfaces the assumption that the Order formats a precipitated

adherence to iniquitous, lewd behavior and ethics (Wikipedia, "Skull & Bones" par. 8).

Conspiracy theorists lose their minds over the phenomenon of the Nathan Hale statues on

Yale's campus, CIA headquarters in Langley, VA (Oldenburg, par. 25), and Phillips

Academy, Andover Massachusetts (Millegan, par. 3), one of two preferred training

grounds for future enrollment in Skull and Bones (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 30).



Conspiracy theorist Kris Millegan sees a link between Skull and Bones and the Illuminati.

According to a publication on Meta-Religion.com, section nine, " The Illuminati: Subverting

the Body Politic," Proofs of Conspiracy, is heavily referenced. The book was written in 1798

by John Robison, member of a Freemason Lodge and professor of natural philosophy at

Edinburgh University in Scotland. Within the text, "an association has been formed for

the express purpose of rooting out all the religious establishments and overturning all

existing governments... the leaders would rule the World with uncontrollable power,

while the rest of the world would be employed as tools of the ambition of their unknown

superiors" (Millegan, par. 96-9). Ceremonial highlights of initiation into the "Recent

Degree" (Millegan, par. 99) in Illuminism, included in the article, mentioned "a skeleton

pointed to him [the initiate], at the feet of which are laid a crown and a sword. He is

asked, 'whether that is a skeleton of a king, nobleman, or beggar.' As he cannot decide,

the president of the meeting says to him, 'the character of being a man is the only one that

is important" (Millegan, par. 99). Funny... similar writing can be found in the Tomb of

the Skull and Bones, ironically, inscribed in German: "Wer war der Thor, wer Weiser,

Bettler oder Kaiser? Ob Arm, ob Reich, im Tode gleich." translation: "Who was the fool,

who the wise man, beggar, or king? Whether poor or rich, it's all the same in death"

(Millegan, par. 100).



Bonesmen agree with Illuminists, preferring to keep the secrets within families. The

Order's personal independence and maximum authority has been kept confined to a tight-

knit circle of eminent WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestant) clans. Propagation of

endowed membership is a screening process the Seniors bestow upon their junior

prospects; all with elite, East Coast backgrounds. Favoritism has always been shown to

the Protestants, especially those with roots in the WASP families (Robbins, "George W.

Bush and the 'Brotherhood'" par. 5). The aftermath formulated from this tight

intermingling administers a "narrow-minded" bias against ancestry, not of these

bloodlines. The bulk are Puritans, migrating to the US in the initial "wave" of foreigners

during the seventeenth century. The second blast of power emanated in the eighteenth

and nineteenth centuries from clans striking it rich, mostly in the trade business. Through

their affluent estates, they earned their "rites of passage" into the ranking of the New

England exclusive. A minority of Jewish banking families, voyaging to the States with

the second group of eighteenth and nineteenth century WASPs, were ultimately permitted

minimal entry into the private haven of the top-flight New Englanders, but the elitists

never viewed the Jews as equivalent in their differentiation of politics and culture.

Overall, the WASPs grew suspicious of their intentions and never found assurance with

allowing them into the "inner circle" (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 27).



Progress would eventually call for changes, and a shift in the Order forced conformity

among the society's networking. Lanny Davis, Yale class of 1967 and secret society

member, wrote an article published in the 1968 yearbook, describing the "ideal" roster for

a successful year's membership in the Skull and Bones. The list includes, "the football

captain, chairman of the Yale Daily News, a conspicuous radical, a Whiffenpoof, a

swimming captain, a notorious drunk with a 94 average, a film-maker, a political

columnist, a religious group leader, a Chairman of the Lit, a foreigner, a 'ladies' man' with

two motorcycles, an ex-service man, a Negro, and if there are enough to go around, a guy

nobody else in the group had ever heard of, ever" (Robbins, "Skull and Bones Society"

par. 9). Notably, the Skull and Bones have an affinity for consistently "tapping" the same

type of members (Robbins, "Skull and Bones Society" par. 10). Since 1991, after heated

dispute concerning "date rape" (Safer, par. 39) Skull and Bones, finally, "tap" women

(Oldenburg, par. 51).



On Yale's Old Campus sits Weir Hall, a brick structure which looks more like King

Arthur's castle rather than a college residence hall. The building sports a tower, over-

looking the courtyard of the brown, limestone mausoleum that casts an eerie aura along

High Street. On second Saturday evening in April, the week following "Tap Night," in

one sneaks to the top of Weir, the mysterious shrieking of the initiates from inside the

windowless "tomb" can be heard (Rosenbaum, "Last Secrets" par. 6), but these

abecedarians receive treatment, unlike the recognitions on freshman "Tap night." In

contrary, the successors are aerated into the darkness of the witching hours and notarized

to silence about the dimension they are on the verge of infiltrating (Dong, par. 2).

"Tap Day" received the name from the process of the initiation. The senior Bonesmen

march about campus, to the dorms, off-campus housing, or all locations of designation in

search of their "tapees." Upon finding their prey, they stealthily approach the

unsuspecting victim, tap them on the shoulder, and shout in a booming voice, "Skull and

Bones! Do you accept?" If the individual accepts (very rarely does one decline such an

offer!), a scroll, bound with a black ribbon, sealed by black wax with the skull and

crossbones emblem, complete with the "mystical Bones number 322," (Goldstein and

Steinberg, par. 33) is produced, designating the information on the eve of initiation.

Specific instructions tell the candidate to don no metal objects or clothing (Goldstein and

Steinberg, par. 33). Only after graduation, are the members allowed to reveal their

affiliations to Skull and Bones. The recognition is identified by wearing the official Skull

and Crossbones pin (Wikipedia, "Skull & Bones" par. 5).



For 174 years, Bones has been the most covertly cryptic and liturgical, above all senior

and secret societies. Adversary "Senior" societies at Yale, namely, Book and Snake, File

and Claw, Wolf's Head, Berzelius, and Elihu, in honor of Elihu Yale (Schiff, par. 7), [the]

man responsible for changing the face of once, Collegiate College in 1718 (Millegan, par.

2), conduct "tomb raids." The taunting underlies tradition, hoping to surface the inner

sanctums of the Skull and Bones' lair. Raiding the Skull and Bones "tomb" was not a

privilege reserved for competing societies. Spring break, 1975, a forty-eight-year-old

writer, now living in Toronto, broke into the Bones' base station with her boyfriend. She

referred to the fortress as a "clubhouse" minus a tree. After commenting on the infamous

"room of license plates" (Abcarain, par. 16), she adds, "They were always ripping things

off with '322' on them" (Abcarian, par. 16).



The number 322 holds a debatable significance to the "old-boy network" (Abcarian, par.

17). Conspiracy conflicts conspiracy within the connotation of the number. Four Years at

Yale, the 1871, incognito publication authored by Yale class of 1869, Lyman Bagg,

included the first dissertation of the Order of the Skull and Bones. He observes, "the

mystery now attending its existence forms the once great enigma which college gossip

never tires of discussing" (Schiff, par. 3). Bagg addresses the "injustice conferring of Phi

Beta Kappa elections" (Schiff, par. 3) progressing the settlement of "a sort of Burlesque

convivial club" (Schiff, par. 4). Separating facts from fiction, he argues that the Skull and

Bones was confidentially called, the "Eulogian Club," in attribute to Eulogia, the goddess

of eloquence (Schiff, par. 4). The year, 322 B.C., refers to the death of Alexander or

Demosthenes, thus, placing Eulogia in the pantheon (Robbins, "Skull and Bones Society"

par. 14). His concept resonates the Skulls' affinity for the number 322, but rejects the

popular belief of the Hellegianistic hypotheses (Schiff, par. 4). To amplify the suggestive

undertones, a secret admirer bequeathed an endorsement of $322,000.00 to the Order in

1967. The graduate student remains, unidentified (Robbins, "Skull and Bones Society"

par. 14).



Ron Rosenbaum, Yale 68' (President Bush's graduating class) presently writes for The

New York Observer. The journalist spent sophomore year living in Jonathan Edwards

Resident College (Yale's glorified name for "dorm"), neighbor to the headquarters of the

Order of the Skull and Bones. Since departure from the Ivy League, the mysterious

silence fuels a life-long obsession with the illustrious "boys' club." September 1977,

Esquire published Rosenbaum's "The Last Secrets of the Skull and Bones," the first piece to

publicly challenge the Order in over a century. The abstracts, memorandums, and

compilations, concerning the lattice of the Skull and Bones', Greco-Egyptian catacomb

and documentation of their bizarre, sacramental praxis, he procures from antagonistic

Orders (Rosenbaum, "Last Secrets" par. 17), disgruntled exes of Bonesmen (Oldenburg,

par. 33), and female "tomb" raiders (Rosenbaum, "Inside George W.'s" par. 3).

Rosenbaum's menagerie of the Skull and Bones', aggregate culmination includes

elucidated layouts of the Tomb labyrinth, complete with the precise designation of the

"holiest of holy" Bones' havens, the disreputably omnipotent, Room 322 (Rosenbaum,

"Last Secrets" par. 17). In the Yale library's "manuscript room," Rosenbaum discovered a

box labeled "The Russell Trust Association," the fraternity's "proper" name. Among the

various files sat File and Claw's revealing documentation stolen in the 1876 raid.

According to the memorandum, the founding year of the society, 1832, is also noted in

the eyes of conspiracy theorists, 32' the founding year, and the "two" in reference to a

notion that Skull and Bones is a second league within a larger, international pyramid

(henceforth, '322'); "one" belonging to a lodge in Germany, "two," to the Order of the

Skull of Bones, and "three," mounted in another lodge, an undisposed location in the

States, supposedly Scroll and Key (Marrs, p. 91), or another American, college secret

society (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 11).



One of the testaments in the Rosenbaum collection was a charted description of an

inducting session in 1940. The dossier read as follows: "New man placed in coffin-

carried into central part of the building. New man chanted over and 'reborn' into society.

Removed from coffin and given robe with symbols on it. A bone with his name on it is

tossed into bone heap at start of every meeting. Initiates plunged into mud pile"

(Rosenbaum, "Last Secrets" par. 18). The juniors are, almost, "beaten to death," to

represent dying in order to be born anew into the family of the Order. After the period of

cleansing, the candidates are given the Druid-like cloak, a symbol of "new identities,"

issued new names, "re-christened" as "Knight X" (Robbins, "George W. Bush and the

'Brotherhood'" par. 7). Chosen titles indicate an occupation or "existential status"

(Robbins, "Skull and Bones Society" par. 4), upholding the secret bearings infused into

every logic of the Order (Robbins, "Skull and Bones Society" par. 4). In 2001,

Rosenbaum and a camera crew, lurked from a stoop of Weir, and taped a shenanigan,

interpreted as the zenith to a Skull and Bone's induction ceremony. The baptismal

denoted a "frat party gone medieval" (Oldenburg, par. 34). The footage exemplifies the

Blair Witch Project documentary, rather than a induction to a fraternity (Wikipedia,

"Skull & Bones" par. 21).



Due to their initiation practices, Skull and Bones are a rumored annex participating in the

"mysticism" guild, subservient to a prominent society (Wikipedia, "Skull & Bones" par.

23), but this mystique exemplifies "Harry Potter meets Dracula" (Safer, par. 20), in

contrast to buoyant optimism. The greater, said, syndicate of the sorcerer's coalition, is

"The Black Lodge," supposedly, coefficients of the Thule and Vril Societies, two

fellowships immersed in the development of Nazism (Wikipedia, "Skull & Bones" par.

24). Contrary to the German-Nazi concepts, secondary assessments of the Order's

ritualistic shenanigans are interpreted as paganism, specifically, the Druids or Wiccans.

The "Satanic" occult theme draws historical memoirs with the ambience of the Scots or

Celts.



To preserve the purity of the Skull and Bones blood, one of the most crucial aspects

involved in initiation is the infamous masturbation session while lying naked in coffin

and spilling deepest, darkest, personal sexual fantasies and sexual history. The purpose of

this otherwise display of "too much information" is a judgment of whether or not the

candidate is proper material to intertwine with the bloodlines of the Skull and Bones

empires. Pure pedigrees and preparatory boarding school attendance, top the prerequisites

for selection. Any signals of resistance is a sign the initiate is unwilling to surrender

himself for the benefit of the Order (Robbins, "George W. Bush and the 'Brotherhood'"

par. 5). "Ritualistic psychological conditioning" (Wikipedia, "Skull & Bones" par. 15)

aligns with the stunt in the casket. Autobiographies are documented in great detail,

expanding personal files, accumulated research on each initiate, prior to "Tap Night." The

story telling sessions would petrify a psychiatrist, psychologist, and psycho-therapist, but

for the members, "sharing time" is "bonding time." Intricate notes compiled as additions

"for the record," to ensure a collection of black mail material, if any leakage, the file

supplies an immediate plug. The interrogations are so intense, some newbies edge the

possibilities of needing an actual shrink; a handful, literally, have a mental collapse

(Robbins, "George W. Bush and the 'Brotherhood'" par. 7).



Bones alumni refer to their former brethren as "Patriarchs" (Robbins, "Skull and Bones

Society" par. 29). Once a year, the Patriarchs meet north of Alexandria Bay, NY, on the

Order's private land, Deer Island, but they are expected to make occasional appearances

at the Tomb. The cameos intimidate and awe the current members, signifying the big

shoes they are expected to fill (Dart, par. 23-4). Relationships remain close for the older

members. Orthodox Jew Donald Etra, Skull and Bones 68', who describes himself as "a

strong Zionist" (Abcarian, par. 13) admits to the LA Times, "I am a liberal Democratic

criminal defense attorney who voted for George Bush, and I will vote for him again."

Perhaps Bush appointing him to the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council offered

encouragement, but Etra claims, "Most of us put friendship first and politics a far, far

second" (Abcarian, par. 13).



Conspiracy theorists raise their brows at the fact that Yale alumni have dominated the

presidential race for the past thirty-two years in the position of president or vice-

president. For the previous fifteen years, every resident of the White House boasts a Yale

degree (Greenway, par. 1). Considering the Bones "tap" (initiate), selectively, fifteen

juniors per year, the limitations guarantee six to eight hundred members, living, at a time.

Precisely, 2,500, total, members fill the Bones' roster. Due to the specifics in numbers,

one "Bonesman" against fellow "Bonesman," running for president, poses questionable

odds (Oldenburg, par. 9). Alexandra Robbins, author of Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and

Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power, predicted the potential Bush vs.

Kerry "face off" (Beam, par. 2). From senators and congressmen, US Supreme Court

justices, CIA officials, Cabinet members, and (not to be forgotten) presidents (Oldenburg,

par. 19), to Henry Luce, Time magazine's founder, Harold Stanley, of Morgan and

Stanley, and Dean Witter, Jr., Dean Witter Investments, who merged with Morgan and

Stanley in 1997 (Korff, par. 4). The World Masquerade Ball Committee, surname for the

universal, mystic fellowship, signifies a ring in which the Skull and Bones pull

significant weight as representation of the most powerful elite of the nations (Goldstein

and Steinberg, par. 10). Accentuating the strengths that support Skull and Bones, a

rivaling society, "raided the Tomb" in 1988, lifting documentation which read: (the

overall intentions of the Skull and Bones) "is to propel our members to places of control,

in every facet of life in the world" (Korff, par. 8).



The organization focuses on placing their graduates into prestigious and influential

professions, mainly, politics, media, and commerce. The "up and coming," prominent,

generation (Skull and Bones Class of 60' through 71') obsesses over controlling the White

House. By winning a second term in the Oval Office, Bush, Jr. preserved his birthright in

the Bones empire, an infrastructure buried in the depths of politics. People appear to be

ideologically ignorant to believe a Democrat Commander-in-Chief is the answer to

Utopia, but the chance for survival under Kerry Administration may as well be the Bush's

family values. Joseph Lieberman chaired the Yale Daily News, the most coveted, student

title on campus, while Bush, Jr. perfected the "jock" image with a mediocre G.P.A. Since

freshman year at Yale, Kerry has been practicing his smiles for the camera, campaigning

for the presidency. Howard Dean also deserves note, descending from this era of the most

exclusive, US, secret society. Despite their vast differences in extra-curricular activities,

all four indicated signs of various temperaments that would advance their careers toward

the pinnacle of US politics. History and political science were the centralized studies, and

the four men received guidance from, generally, the same professors and tutors

(Laurence, par. 2, 7-11).



An interview conducted by Tim Russert, NBC's Meet the Press, confirmed Kerry's

enrollment, but the Senator withheld all information that went beyond his affiliation to

the Order. His staff refused further commentary when interrogated by the Boston Herald.

Kelley Benander, Kerry's spokeswoman, was quoted, "John Kerry had absolutely nothing

to say about this subject. Sorry." (Koroff, par. 2). To no one's surprise, Bush Jr. and Sr.

have never disclosed any information about their connections to the network (Korff, par.

3). Russert popped the question, regarding President Bush's membership to the Order.

W., Jr., simply, replied that the club was "so secret we can't talk about it" (Jasper,

"Bipartisan Bonesmen" p. 3). He covered his tracks by chuckling and implying, due to

the secrets, perhaps, the Skull and Bones no longer existed. After clearing his throat, he,

nervously, changes the subject to the "War on Terrorism." Both men followed the past

orders (no pun intended) of Bush's grandfather, Prescott, to "claim everything, explain

nothing, deny everything!" (Jasper, "Bipartisan Bonesmen" p. 5). Giving the Skull and

Bones a historical x-ray, one will find that the Senator and the President, broke a major,

fraternity creed; if a genuine affiliate of the club hears an outsider mention the Skull and

Bones, Bonesmen are to exit stage left (for the Democrats) or right (for the Republicans),

immediately (Jasper, "Bipartisan Bonesmen" p. 4 ).



Since George W., Jr. took the throne of the Oval Office, he appointed fellow, Skull and

Bones, class of 1968, Robert McCallum, as Assistant Attorney General. In the US

District Court, McCallum "filed pleadings, seeking to extend executive privilege to any

government official in pardon cases" (Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 4); this

documentation deepens the secrets surrounding presidential pardons, more than ever.

Bush did not bother to initially share with Congress about his assembly of a "shadow

government" (Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 5) residing in "secret bunkers"

(Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 5) along an undisposed location on the East

Coast, after 9-11, but thanks to William Cooper, author of Behold a Pale Horse and former

Navy and Air Force Intelligence, the areas are no longer hidden from the public. Around

the rise of the Cold War in the early 1950s, the government installed the "secret bunkers,"

under mountains in North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and

Maryland, yet Congress remains clueless about the existence of the "Federal Relocation

Centers" (Cooper, p. 116); virtually underground cities that are fully operational, but

instead of using the resources to spy on Osama Bin Laden or other terrorist groups, these

military facilities keep a twenty-four hour surveillance on the citizens of the United

States of America (Cooper, p. 115-7).



In addition to his illusiveness, he attempted to withhold "classified information about the

anti-terrorist campaign" (Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 5) from specific

members of Congress. Within the past couple of years, "invasion of privacy" became

"patriotic," thanks to the USA Patriot Act. The decree permits FBI access to consumer

records that shop owners are barred from viewing. After approval from a "secret

Washington 'spy court'" (Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 6), President Bush was

excessively enthusiastic about giving his "John Hancock" on the Act. Attorney General

John Ashcroft, in October 2001, published a memorandum enthusing federal agencies to

keep "as much information as possible" (Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 7) from

the body politic. In November, "W., Jr." approved an "executive order severely hindering

public access to former presidents' records," (Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 8)

conveniently, intercepting the release of Reagan-Bush presidential records. In addition to

his "shady" actions, he "signed legislation that jails or fines journalists who publish

sensitive leaks, essentially, reviving the Official Secrecy Act that President Clinton

vetoed" (Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 9). According to the Bill of Rights,

these actions seem a bit, shall we say, "unconstitutional?"



Robbins' book, Secrets of the Tomb..., cracked a few bones, upon release in 2002. In

Robbins' USA Today editorial, she denies the Order's conspiring plots to dictate a single-

society world (Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 12), after accusing the Order of

plotting to take over the world in her book, however; the words spout from the mouth of a

former member of Yale's secret society, Scroll and Key, the foreign policy powerhouse

(Rosenbaum, "Last Secrets" par. 16). Robbins, openly, concedes to her past

accomplishment as the main, contributing factor, granting her interviews with over one-

hundred, previous Bonesmen (Abcarian, par. 27), but are her disclaimers to "verifiable

fact" (Jasper, "Bipartisan Bonesmen" p. 7) skeptical because of her antecedent

incorporation with a secret society? Evidently, Scroll and Key is, also, a prime suspect in

the scheme vying for world domination (Trunkerton, "New World Order-History" par. 3).

The Atlantic Monthly published Robbins' first piece about the Skull and Bones

(Thompson, par. 24), and to the shock of no one, the piece contradicts, but also supports

information in her book and the USA Today editorial. Interestingly enough, the Atlantic

Monthly's founder is Richard Ely Danielson, Skull and Bones 07' (Sutton, p. 28).

Although her biased point of view is full of holes, the editorial does contain substantial

data, concerning our current president. She describes George W.'s decisions as, "turning

the government into a secret society - an old-boy, throwback establishment that even

holds its secret spy-court proceedings in an elaborately, locked, windowless room..."

(Robbins, "White House Bonesman" par. 2). Does this sound familiar, perhaps, a

personification of a certain building on Yale's Old Campus, known as the "Tomb," silent,

windowless (Rosenbaum, "Last Secrets" par. 1) at 64 High Street? (Yale, "Skull and

Bones, 1999" par. 1).



British conspiracy theorist, Antony Sutton, is widely recognized for his collection of

pamphlets infused into a book, America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order

of the Skull and Bones, published in 1986. In 1968, Stanford University's Hoover

Institution, published Western Technology and the Soviet Economic Development. Sutton's

manuscript questioned US government relations in the scandals of history. His curiosity

remained a mystery, until the early 1980s (Sutton, p. vii). "According to several

'informed' sources" (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 110), Sutton was one of many

historians to be privileged with "in-house" manuscripts, belonging to the Skull and

Bones, meeting minutes, ritual highlights, and a roster of members from the beginning to

1982. (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 110). Sutton says upon receipt of the eight-inch,

thick file of documents: (in relation to Western Technology and the Soviet Economic

Development) "...a formerly fuzzy world became crystal clear" (Sutton, p. vii). The plan

for a New World Order appears to be a prevalent theme throughout the documentation.

Sutton is under the impression that the Bonesmen's cardinal focus is the achievement of a

"New World Order" (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 112) defined as a world dominated by

US military authority and US domination over, "all strategic raw materials" (Goldstein

and Steinberg, par. 113). The Skull and Bones romanticize an image of Sparta, as the

WASPs, the "warrior caste" (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 113) of the Persian Empire,

with a structure of "coalitions of satrap armies," (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 113) the

model for their New World Order. Sutton says the "romantic mystique of purgative

powers of combat" (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 114) is at the center of comprehending

the Skull and Bone's art of possibilities (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 114). Skills of the

"outdoors men," related to hunting, and the "ordeal" of war finalize the third, crucial

prerequisite for being "tapped." Service in any of the four military branches on a resume

is highly esteemed in the eyes of Bonesmen (Goldstein and Steinberg, par, 31-2). In the

early 1900s, the Order's pride and joy was an outfit of Naval pilots, known as the Yale

Flying Unit, hand-picked by none other than Senator Prescott Bush, grandfather of

George W. (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 32).



The Skull and Bones search to revamp the US masterdom of the era proceeding post-

WWII, a time that George H. W. Bush calls the, "American Century." The society means

to "utilize the institutional networks of the US government and key, private agencies (i.e.

The New York Council on Foreign Relations) to advance their purpose" (Goldstein and

Steinberg, par. 5), most importantly, the cause of seizure of "undisputed control"

(Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 7) over Earth's supply of oil (can we say, "War on

Terrorism?"). The "constructive chaos," masking the honesty of their hidden agendas, is

constantly emitted, regarding all critical policy issues; they are more than aware of their

desire to spout indifference in both nominal "friends" and "enemies" (Goldstein and

Steinberg, par. 6-7). The ancestry of the Order stressed the seriousness of silence,

merging tactics with tradition. Covering the entire creed of the Bonesmen, the practice

fills every tiny crevice of the private society (even the smallest "leak" of "blue blood"

spilled onto public curiosity, potentially, risks exposure of the global Monopoly game).

America's property on the board boasts the most prestigious, above all, Western powers.

Skull and Bones is the ultimate training camp, recycling the WASP, drug smuggling

families. Fascist attitudes still highlight the miniscule Native-American population,

forced onto government properties; sporadic, desolate areas, basically, worthless

wastelands (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 26).



From 1832 advanced into modern times, the Skull and Bones appear to have had their

bony fingers wrapped around every skeletal structure of American civilization. For an

organization with such small numbers, the Bonesmen have effectively and strategically

situated themselves in all realms of politics, research, financial groups, media, and

governmental establishments for 174 years, and their success prevails (Robbins, "George

Bush and the 'Brotherhood'" par. 4). The immense prosperity of the Order increases the

questions of schemes plotted behind the triple-padlocked door (Rosenbaum, "Last

Secrets" par. 7). Inside the "Tomb" clocks run five minutes faster than standard time

zone, as a representation of being "ahead" of the rest of the world (Robbins, "Skull and

Bones Society" par. 23).



We are all familiar with the "Golden Rule," "whoever has the gold makes the rules." In a

quest for the New World Order, the Bilderberg, consequently, extend into other

aristocratic ivory towers, namely, the Council on Foreign Relations and the Trilateral

Commission. All three draw strong connections, linked to David Rockefeller (Marrs, p.

44). Affiliates of the Skull and Bones fill the rosters of these three, eminently omnipotent

alignments (Goldstein and Steinberg, par. 5). Surprised? The American Free Press

believes that Bilderberg, unitarily, holds an agreement of ratifying a "world government"

controlled by the UN while engaging supremacy over the riches the planet and all social

orders. Although the Bilderberg does not fully support President Bush in his "War on

Terrorism," they are still unified in the decision to create a New World Order (Tucker,

"Bilderberg Batters" par. 24).



Bilderberg is the "crème de la crème," with financial backing that puts the combined, net

incomes of the Trilateral, CFR, and the Bonesmen into a "piggy-bank" sized, child's toy.

The "unnamed" group derived the title "The Bilderbergers" from Bilderberg Hotel in

Oosterbeek, Holland; the location in which their first, super-secretive meeting was

publicly discovered in 1954 (Marrs, p. 39). Behind heavily guarded doors of hotel

conferences, the usual suspects, H. Kissinger and D. Rockefeller (two filthy, rich names,

that need no further explanations) play Monopoly, the International, One-Time Edition,

with filthy, rich friends, alongside political powers, CFR member, Kenneth S. Dam, US

Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, chair of the US Federal Reserve Board, Alan

Greenspan, present Secretary of Defense for the US, Donald Rumsfeld, and puppet for

American Foreign Affairs, Andrew Parisiliti, assigned to Nebraska native, Senator Chuck

Hagel, for advisory purposes. These corrupt men are a mere tidbit, rubbing shoulders and

shaking hands with the Secretary-General of NATO, Scotland's Lord George Robertson,

Spain's Queen, Sofia (last name, secret!), Turkey's representative for Economic and

Social Studies Council, Kernal Dervis (not to be mistaken with a military "Colonel"),

Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Queen of the Netherlands (three names to balance Sophia's

one), Supervisory Board's chair of Deutsche Bank, Deutschland's Hilmar Kopper, and

banking, political, and random media affiliates of the international elite (The American

Free Press, "Do Names Make News?" par. 2, 7, 15, 17, 20-2, 26, 30-1, 33-6, 43, and 45).



Founded by David Rockefeller, dominant business partner of the Skull and Bones

(Trunkerton, "New World Order" par. 10), the Trilateral Commission spawned in 1973

(Trilateral Commission, "About" par. 1). The Commission drew a more tightly knit coop

between central "democratic industrialized" regions of the globe with "shared leadership"

functions in the larger "international system" (Ross, "Trilateral" par. 3). Initially,

Rockefeller's creation was meant to run no longer than three years, but after the triennia

(three year period), the success of the group exceeded original intention and repeatedly

renewed their engagements until 2006. Rockefeller formed the commission due to

dissatisfaction over the Vietnam War. The instant intention destined to bond as one, at a

time of considerable static among governments, the loftiest level of maintaining an

unofficial group which could possibly look together at key problems facing three areas.

On a deeper level, there was a sense that the US was no longer in the place of a lone

leader as the country had been prior to WWII. In lieu of this, the Trilateral Commission

hoped to share leadership responsibilities, forming an alliance with, mainly Europe and

Japan, making it necessary to the "successful navigation of the international system"

(Trilateral Commission, "About" par. 2) to face "the major challenges of the coming

years" (Trilateral Commission, "About" par. 2).



The Trilateral Commission is composed of three elite groups, or "rings," that

circumference the "bulls eye;" the "inner," "center," and the "outer" (Ross, "Trilateral"

par. 24). The membership roster names, roughly, 300 "prominent business, political, and

intellectual decision-makers of Western Europe, North America, and Japan" (Trilateral

Commission, "About" par. 2). The outer ring are present merely for show, "camouflage

purposes only" (Ross, "Trilateral" par. 26). The consistency of the membership derives

from, strictly, the Council on Foreign Relations, but the CFR members are

knowledgeable to, precisely, half of the schemes involved with the "Global Union

movement" (Ross, "Council" par. 1). American's arm of the Council on Foreign Relations

(CFR) emerged July 29, 1921, headquartered in New York. John D. Rockefeller, with

international banking firm, J.P. Morgan and the original gang who designed the

schematics of an oxymoron known as "The Federal Reserve" (which, in fact, is not

owned or operated by the federal government!), inducted this evil into society (Blase, par.

20).



During the most recent convictions, involved in the current triennium, the two driving

factors behind the purpose of this group are to: "help countries fulfill shared leadership

responsibilities" (Trilateral Commission, "About" par. 2) in the larger global structure

and "widen the framework" (Trilateral Commission, "About" par. 3) to sustain

generalizations across the planet (Trilateral Commission, "About" par. 4), but their

purpose states: "Close Trilateral cooperation in keeping peace, in managing the world

economy, in fostering economic redevelopment, and alleviating world poverty will

improve the chances of a smooth, and peaceful evolution in the global system" (Ross,

"Trilateral" par. 7). No one speaks on the behalf of others, but this sounds a bit fishy;

perhaps, a plot that is along the lines of promoting the New World Order? By working

collectively with the Bilderberg and Council on Foreign Relations, the trio of powerful

guilds plot to divide the world into three districts, under one currency and one

government, where the US military would be the domineering law enforcement.



April 5-8, 2002, the Trilateral Commission held a conference at the Ritz Carlton in

Washington DC. Among the participants were big names such as, David Rockefeller,

representing Chase Manhattan Bank, Madeleine K. Albright, former secretary of state, C.

Fred Bergsten, former assistant secretary of the treasury, Geoffrey T. Boisi, vice

chairman, JP Morgan Chase (Skull and Bones based corporation), Richard N. Cooper,

former under secretary of state, John M. Deutch, former director, Central Intelligence

Agency, General Lord Guthrie, director, NM Rothschild & Sons (Rothschild, a dominant

family name in the history of the Order of the Skull and Bones), Trinidad Jimenez,

Socialist Party, Madrid (why on earth would a member of the Socialist Party be invited to

a convention with, supposedly, democracy-based roots?), Henry A. Kissinger, former

secretary of state (yet another favorite man of the Order), Kenneth L. Lay, former CEO,

Enron Corporation, and several other strong holds in the oil, banking, and finance

industries, as well as educators from the top universities (Tucker and Bollyn, "Bilderberg

Convenes" par. 1). Quite an interesting sample from the overall list considering the nature

of the organization in relation to the Order of the Skull and Bones!



George W., Sr., in fact, was a member of the Trilateral Commission, but withdrew from

membership before assuming responsibilities with the Reagan campaign (Trunkerton,

"New World Order" par. 9). The Bushes are not in alliance with the US, in contrast, the

family and the Order are sworn to silence with the Bilderberg, the Council on Foreign

Relations, and the Trilateral Commission; all three leagues interested in one goal, the

goal of the New World Order. This has been a Skull and Bones project since Order was

put into effect by William Huntington Russell in December 1832. The positions on

Capital Hill are irrelevant to the citizens of this country. Throughout history, esteemed

Bonesmen can be traced in their memberships to these, three groups (Trunkerton, "New

World Order" par. 3). Despite which party seizes control over Washington DC, one fact

remains, the crucial morals are at the whim of the Council on Foreign Relations. Senator

Kerry is an exercised constituent of the CFR. Former members of the CFR include vice-

president Cheney and Franklin Roosevelt (Blase, par. 58-9).



Beneath the facade of the government "for, by, and of the people," slinks a sinister slew

of skeletons. "The real rulers in Washington are invisible and exercise power from behind

the scenes," warns Justice of the Supreme Court, Felix Frankfurter (1939-62). President

Roosevelt wrote, " The real truth of the matter is, as you and I know, that a financial

element in the large centers has owned the government ever since the days of Andrew

Jackson," February 23, 1954 (Blase, par. 9). A clip from a Senator William Jenner

speech: "Outwardly, we have a Constitutional government. We have operating within our

government, a bureaucratic elite which believes our Constitution is outmoded" (Blase,

par. 10). Historical scandal writes a sinister, hypocritical plot, composed by the hands of

rebellious Europeans and the global underground subculture.



The Order of the Skull and Bones' record mirrors an incubator and assembly point for

"rising generational elites" (Korff, par. 1). Considering the history, one cannot be

appalled that society conspires upon a baffling labyrinth of affluent capitalism and wary

schemes. To reveal allegations of ominous ties connecting the CIA, Trilateral

Commission, Illuminati, Council on Foreign Relations, Bilderberg, and even the Nazis,

one does not have to penetrate far below the surface. The Bonesmen take an oath of

silence at initiation, yet none will publicly deny or confirm the stories; however, the fact

they seem to go out of their way to decline interviews with the press raises questions. Not

all Patriarchs lock their jaws about a secret society whose secrets appear fundamentally

trifling. Millegan says, "The longer you look at this thing, the more you start to think 'can

this actually be true,' because the reality of why this group exists is staggering ... It's the

ultimate system of networking to get what you want" (Korff, par. 5-6). An "Anonymous

Yale Student," 1873, quoted in the preface of Sutton's America's Secret

Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of the Skull and

Bones: "We offer no objections to their existing clan. No one disputes with them this

right; we question but the plan on which they act, — that he who wears upon his breast

their emblem, he for every post shall be considered best" (Sutton, p. vii).



Works Cited



• Abcarian, Robin. "What Binds Bush, Kerry." The LA Times, 23 Mar. 2004.

• American Free Press. " Do Names Make News? Then Why Isn't This List in Any Other

Newspaper?", 15 Jan. 2003. 15 Dec. 2004.

o "Who Is Bilderberg?", 12 Mar. 2003. 15 Dec. 2004.

• Beam, Alex. "Bush Bones Connected to Kerry Bones." The Boston Globe, 13 Apr.

2004.

• Blase, William. " The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and the New World Order."

Conspiracy Archive, n.d. 17 Jan. 2005.

• Carle, Erica. "The Intelligent Student's Guide to the New World Order." Conspiracy

Archive, n.d. 17 Jan. 2005.

• Cooper, William. Behold A Pale Horse. Flagstaff, AZ: Light Technology

Publishing. 1991.

• Dart, Bob. "Skull and Bones and Politics." The Detroit Free Press, 11 Apr. 2004.

• Dong, Alice. "Secret Societies Add to Yale Mystique." The Yale Daily News, 13 Dec.

2000.

• Goldstein, Paul and Jeffery Steinberg. " George Bush, Skull & Bones, and the New

World Order: A New American View - International White Paper." Parascope, Apr.

1991.

• Greenway, H.D.S. "Is There a Yale Presidential Conspiracy?" The Boston Globe, 10

Sep. 2004.

• Laurence, Charles. "Yale Bones Dug up in Fight to Be President." The Sydney

Morning Herald, 2 Feb. 2004.

• Jasper, William F. "Bipartisan Bonesmen." The New American, 8 Mar. 2004.

o "Conspiracy Realities." The New American, 23 Aug. 2004.

• Korff, Geoff. "Kerry and Bush Stay Silent about Society." The Lantern, 9 Mar.

2004.

• Marrs, Jim. Rule by Secrecy. New York, NY: Harper-Collins. 2000.

• Millegan, Kris. " Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Skull and Bones But

Were Afraid to Ask." Conspiracy Theory Research List, Jan. 1996.

• Obie. "Adam Weishaupt." 24 May 2003. 15 December 2004.

• Oldenburg, Don. " Tippy-Top Secret; Yalies Bush and Kerry Share a Patrician Past of

Skull and Bones." The Washington Post, 4 Apr. 2004.

• Robbins, Alexandra. "George W. Bush and the Brotherhood of Death 'Secrets of the

Tomb' Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power." Truthout, 4

Sep. 2002.

o "Skull and Bones Society." Skull and Crossbones, May 2000.

o "White House Bonesman Leads Nation into Dark." USA Today, 25 Sep. 2002.

• Rosenbaum, Ron. "Last Secrets of Skull and Bones." Prison Planet, Sep. 1977.

o Rosenbaum, Ron. "Inside George W.'s Secret Crypt." The New York

Observer, 1 Mar. 2000.

• Ross, Robert Gaylon, Sr. "Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)." 4rie, 1 July 1993-30

June 1994.

o "Trilateral Commission Conspiracy." 4rie, 23 Mar. 1994.

• Safer, Morely. "Skull and Bones." CBS News, 13 June 2004.

• Schiff, Judith Ann. "How Secret Societies Got that Way." Yale Alumni Magazine,

Sep./Oct. 2004.

• Secret Organizations. "List of Secret Organizations - A Historical Perspective." n.d.

15 Dec. 2004.

• Springmeier, Fritz. "Russell Connected to Groups That Tie Back to the Illuminati."

Forbidden Knowledge, 1995.

• Sutton, Antony. America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of the

Skull and Bones. Walterville, OR: Trine Day, 1983

• Thompson, Kristen. "Book Debunks Myths Behind Secret Societies." The Yale

Herald, 13 Sep. 2002.

• The Trilateral Commission. "About the Organization." n.d. 27 Jan. 2005.

• Trunkerton. "New World Order - History." n.d. 27 Jan. 2005.

• Tucker, James P., Jr. "Bilderberg Batters Bush." American Free Press, 9 June 2002.

o "Bilderberg Pushing World Tax." American Free Press, 15 Jan. 2003.

• Tucker, James P., Jr. and Christopher Bollyn. "Bilderberg Convenes in Versailles."

American Free Press, 17 May 2003.

• Wikipedia. "Skull and Bones." 15 Jan. 2001. 21 Nov. 2004.

• Yale University. " Skull & Bones, 1999 Assets." June 1999. 21 Nov. 2004.



http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/Skeletons.htm

The Order of the Skull and Bones:

Everything you always wanted to know,

but were afraid to ask

- By Kris Millegan (Editor, Conspiracy Theory Research List)



1. The Secret Origins of Skull & Bones



The story begins at Yale, where three threads of American social history -- espionage,

drug smuggling and secret societies -- intertwine into one.



Elihu Yale was born near Boston, educated in London, and served with the British East

India Company, eventually becoming governor of Fort Saint George, Madras, in 1687.

He amassed a great fortune from trade and returned to England in 1699. Yale became

known as quite a philanthropist; upon receiving a request from the Collegiate School in

Connecticut, he sent a donation and a gift of books. After subsequent bequests, Cotton

Mather suggested the school be named Yale College, in 1718.



A statue of Nathan Hale stands on Old Campus at Yale University. There is a copy of that

statue in front of the CIA's headquarters in Langley, Virginia. Yet another stands in front

of Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts (where George H.W. Bush ('48) went to

prep school and joined a secret society at age twelve).



Nathan Hale, along with three other Yale graduates, was a member of the "Culper Ring,"

one of America's first intelligence operations. Established by George Washington, it was

successful throughout the Revolutionary War. Nathan was the only operative to be

ferreted out by the British, and after speaking his famous regrets, he was hanged in 1776.

Ever since the founding of the Republic, the relationship between Yale and the

"Intelligence Community" has been unique.



In 1823, Samuel Russell established Russell and Company for the purpose of acquiring

opium in Turkey and smuggling it to China. Russell and Company merged with the

Perkins (Boston) syndicate in 1830 and became the primary American opium smuggler.

Many of the great American and European fortunes were built on the "China"(opium)

trade.



One of Russell and Company's Chief of Operations in Canton was Warren Delano, Jr.,

grandfather of Franklin Roosevelt. Other Russell partners included John Cleve Green

(who financed Princeton), Abiel Low (who financed construction of Columbia), Joseph

Coolidge and the Perkins, Sturgis and Forbes families. (Coolidge's son organized the

United Fruit company, and his grandson, Archibald C. Coolidge, was a co-founder of the

Council on Foreign Relations.)

William Huntington Russell ('33), Samuel's cousin, studied in Germany from 1831-32.

Germany was a hotbed of new ideas. The "scientific method" was being applied to all

forms of human endeavor. Prussia, which blamed the defeat of its forces by Napoleon in

1806 on soldiers only thinking about themselves in the stress of battle, took the principles

set forth by John Locke and Jean Rosseau and created a new educational system. Johan

Fitche, in his "Address to the German People," declared that the children would be taken

over by the State and told what to think and how to think it.



Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel took over Fitche's chair at the University Of Berlin in

1817, and was a professor there until his death in 1831. Hegel was the culmination of the

German idealistic philosophy school of Immanuel Kant.



To Hegel, our world is a world of reason. The state is Absolute Reason and the citizen

can only become free by worship and obedience to the state. Hegel called the state the

"march of God in the world" and the "final end". This final end, Hegel said, "has supreme

right against the individual, whose supreme duty is to be a member of the state." Both

fascism and communism have their philosophical roots in Hegelianism. Hegelian

philosophy was very much in vogue during William Russell's time in Germany.



When Russell returned to Yale in 1832, he formed a senior society with Alphonso Taft

('33). According to information acquired from a break-in to the "tomb" (the Skull and

Bones meeting hall) in 1876, "Bones is a chapter of a corps in a German University....

General Russell, its founder, was in Germany before his Senior Year and formed a warm

friendship with a leading member of a German society. He brought back with him to

college, authority to found a chapter here." So class valedictorian William H. Russell,

along with fourteen others, became the founding members of "The Order of Scull and

Bones," later changed to "The Order of Skull and Bones".



The secretive Order of Skull and Bones exists only at Yale. Fifteen juniors are "tapped"

each year by the seniors to be initiated into next year's group. Some say each initiate is

given $15,000 and a grandfather clock. Far from being a campus fun-house, the group is

geared more toward the success of its members in the post-collegiate world.



The family names on the Skull and Bones roster roll off the tongue like an elite party list

-- Lord, Whitney, Taft, Jay, Bundy, Harriman, Weyerhaeuser, Pinchot, Rockefeller,

Goodyear, Sloane, Stimson, Phelps, Perkins, Pillsbury, Kellogg, Vanderbilt, Bush, Lovett

and so on.



William Russell went on to become a general and a state legislator in Connecticut.

Alphonso Taft was appointed U.S. Attorney General, Secretary of War (a post many

"Bonesmen" have held), Ambassador to Austria, and Ambassador to Russia (another post

held by many "Bonesmen"). His son, William Howard Taft ('87), is the only man to be

both President of the United States and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

2. Secrets of the "Tomb"



The Order flourished from the very beginning in spite of occasional squalls of

controversy. There was dissension from some professors, who didn't like its secrecy and

exclusiveness. And there was backlash from students, showing concern about the

influence "Bones" was having over Yale finances and the favoritism shown to

"Bonesmen."



In October of 1873, Volume 1, Number 1, of The Iconoclast was published in New

Haven. It was only published once and was one of very few openly published articles on

the Order of Skull and Bones.



From The Iconoclast:



“We speak through a new publication. because the college press is closed to those who

dare to openly mention 'Bones'....



Out of every class Skull and Bones takes its men. They have gone out into the world and

have become, in many instances, leaders in society. They have obtained control of Yale.

Its business is performed by them. Money paid to the college must pass into their hands,

and be subject to their will. No doubt they are worthy men in themselves, but the many,

whom they looked down upon while in college, cannot so far forget as to give money

freely into their hands. Men in Wall Street complain that the college comes straight to

them for help, instead of asking each graduate for his share. The reason is found in a

remark made by one of Yale's and America's first men: 'Few will give but Bones men and

they care far more for their society than they do for the college....'



Year by year the deadly evil is growing. The society was never as obnoxious to the

college as it is today, and it is just this ill-feeling that shuts the pockets of non-members.

Never before has it shown such arrogance and self-fancied superiority. It grasps the

College Press and endeavors to rule it all. It does not deign to show its credentials, but

clutches at power with the silence of conscious guilt.



To tell the good which Yale College has done would be well nigh impossible. To tell the

good she might do would be yet more difficult. The question, then, is reduced to this -- on

the one hand lies a source of incalculable good -- on the other a society guilty of serious

and far-reaching crimes. It is Yale College against Skull and Bones!! We ask all men, as

a question of right, which should be allowed to live?”



At first, the society held its meetings in hired halls. Then in 1856, the "tomb", a vine-

covered, windowless, brown-stone hall was constructed, where to this day the

"Bonesmen" hold their "strange, occultish" initiation rites and meet each Thursday and

Sunday.



On September 29, 1876, a group calling itself "The Order of File and Claw" broke into

the Skull and Bones' holy of holies. In the "tomb" they found lodge-room 324 "fitted up

in black velvet, even the walls being covered with the material." Upstairs was lodge-room

322, "the 'sanctum sanctorium' of the temple... furnished in red velvet" with a pentagram

on the wall. In the hall are "pictures of the founders of Bones at Yale, and of members of

the Society in Germany, when the chapter was established here in 1832." The raiding

party found another interesting scene in the parlor next to room 322.



From The Fall Of Skull And Bones:



“On the west wall, hung among other pictures, an old engraving representing an open

burial vault, in which, on a stone slab, rest four human skulls, grouped about a fools cap

and bells, an open book, several mathematical instruments, a beggar's scrip, and a royal

crown. On the arched wall above the vault are the explanatory words, in Roman letters,

'We War Der Thor, Wer Weiser, Wer Bettler Oder, Kaiser?' and below the vault is

engraved, in German characters, the sentence; 'Ob Arm, Ob Beich, im Tode gleich.'



The picture is accompanied by a card on which is written, 'From the German Chapter.

Presented by D. C. Gilman of D. 50'.”



Daniel Coit Gilman ('52), along with two other "Bonesmen," formed a troika which still

influences American life today. Soon after their initiation in Skull and Bones, Daniel

Gilman, Timothy Dwight ('49) and Andrew Dickinson White ('53) went to study

philosophy in Europe at the University of Berlin. Gilman returned from Europe and

incorporated Skull and Bones as Russell Trust, in 1856, with himself as Treasurer and

William H. Russell as President. He spent the next fourteen years in New Haven

consolidating the order's power.



Gilman was appointed Librarian at Yale in 1858. Through shrewd political maneuvering,

he acquired funding for Yale's science departments (Sheffield Scientific School) and was

able to get the Morrill Land Bill introduced in Congress, passed and finally signed by

President Lincoln, after being vetoed by President Buchanan.



This bill, "donating public-lands for State College for agriculture and sciences", is now

known as the Land Grant College Act. Yale was the first school in America to get the

federal land scrip and quickly grabbed all of Connecticut's share at the time. Pleased by

the acquisitions, Yale made Gilman a Professor of Physical Geography.



Daniel was the first President of the University of California. He also helped found, and

was the first president of, John Hopkins.



Gilman was first president of the Carnegie Institution and involved in the founding of the

Peabody, Slater and Russell Sage Foundations.



His buddy, Andrew D. White, was the first president of Cornell University (which

received all of New York's share of the Land Grant College Act), U.S. Minister to Russia,

U.S. Ambassador to Berlin and first president of the American Historical Association.

White was also Chairman of the American delegation to the first Hague Conference in

1899, which established an international judiciary.



Timothy Dwight, a professor at Yale Divinity School, was installed as president of Yale

in 1886. All presidents since, have been either "Bonesmen" or directly tied to the Order

and its interests.



The Daniel/Gilman/White trio was also responsible for the founding of the American

Economic Association, the American Chemical Society and the American Psychological

Association. Through their influences on John Dewey and Horace Mann, this trio

continues to have an enormous impact on education today.



3. Networks of Power



In his book America's Secret Establishment, Antony Sutton outlined the Order of Skull and

Bones' ability to establish vertical and horizontal "chains of influence" that ensured the

continuity of their conspiratorial schemes.



The Whitney-Stimson-Bundy links represent the "vertical chain".



W. C. Whitney ('63), who married Flora Payne (of the Standard Oil Payne dynasty), was

Secretary of the Navy. His attorney was a man named Elihu Root. Root hired Henry

Stimson ('88), out of law school. Stimson took over from Root as Secretary of War in

1911, appointed by fellow Bonesman William Howard Taft. Stimson later became

Coolidge's Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, Hoover's Secretary of State, and

Secretary of War during the Roosevelt and Truman administrations.



Hollister Bundy ('09) was Stimson's special assistant and point man in the Pentagon for

the Manhattan Project. His two sons, also members of Skull and Bones, were William

Bundy ('39) and McGeorge Bundy ('40) -- both very active in governmental and

foundation affairs.



The two brothers, from their positions in the CIA, the Department of Defense and the

State Department, and as Special Assistants to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson,

exercised significant impact on the flow of information and intelligence during the

Vietnam "War."



William Bundy went on to be editor of Foreign Affairs, the influential quarterly of the

Council on Foreign Affairs (CFR). McGeorge became president of the Ford Foundation.



Another interesting group of "Bonesmen" is the Harriman/Bush crowd. Averil Harriman

('13), "Elder Statesman" of the Democratic Party, and his brother Roland Harriman ('17)

were very active members. In fact, four of Roland's fellow "Bonesmen" from the class of

1917 were directors of Brown Brothers, Harriman, including Prescott Bush ('17), George

Bush's dad.

Since the turn of the century, two investment bank firms -- Guaranty Trust and Brown

Brothers, Harriman -- were both dominated by members of Skull and Bones. These two

firms were heavily involved in the financing of Communism and Hitler's regime.



Bonesman share an affinity for the Hegelian ideas of the historical dialectic, which

dictates the use of controlled conflict -- thesis versus anti-thesis -- to create a pre-

determined synthesis. A synthesis of their making and design, where the state is absolute

and individuals are granted their freedoms based on their obedience to the state -- a New

World Order.



Funding and political maneuvering on the part of "Bonesmen" and their allies helped the

Bolsheviks prevail in Russia. In defiance of federal laws, the cabal financed industries,

established banks and developed oil and mineral deposits in the fledgling USSR



Later, Averil Harriman, as minister to Great Britain in charge of Lend-Lease for Britain

and Russia, was responsible for shipping entire factories into Russia. According to some

researchers, Harriman also oversaw the transfer of nuclear secrets, plutonium and U. S.

dollar printing plates to the USSR



In 1932, the Union Banking Corporation of New York City had enlisted four directors

from the ('17) cell and two Nazi bankers associated with Fritz Thyssen, who had been

financing Hitler since 1924.



From George Bush; The Unauthorized Biography:



“President Franklin Roosevelt's Alien Property Custodian, Leo T. Crowley, signed

Vesting Order Number 248 [11/17/42] seizing the property of Prescott Bush under the

Trading with Enemy Act. The order, published in obscure government record books and

kept out of the news, Note #4 explained nothing about the Nazis involved; only that the

Union Banking Corporation was run for the 'Thyssen family' of 'Germany and/or

Hungary' -- 'nationals ... of a designated enemy country.'



By deciding that Prescott Bush and the other directors of the Union Banking Corporation

were legally 'front men for the Nazis', the government avoided the more important

historical issue: In what way 'were Hitler's Nazis themselves hired, armed, and instructed

by' the New York and London clique of which Prescott Bush was an executive manager?

...



4. New York Times, December 16, 1944, ran a five-paragraph page 25 article on actions

of the New York State Banking Department. Only the last sentence refers to the Nazi

bank, as follows: 'The Union Banking Corporation, 39 Broadway, New York, has

received authority to change its principal place of business to 120 Broadway.'



The Times omitted the fact that the Union Banking Corporation had been seized by the

government for trading with the enemy, and the fact that 120 Broadway was the address

of the government's Alien Property Custodian.”

After the war, Prescott went on to become a U. S. Senator from Connecticut and favorite

golfing partner of President Eisenhower. Prescott claims responsibility for getting Nixon

into politics and takes personal credit for bringing Dick on board as Ike's running mate in

1952.



4. Name Roster of the Secret Establishment



There were so many "Yalies" in the OSS that Yale's drinking tune, the "Whiffenpoof

Song", became an "unofficial" song of the OSS. Many in the OSS were "Bonesmen" or

belonged to the other Yale senior societies.



Robert Lovett ('18), Harriman's childhood friend, had been tapped into Skull & Bones by

Prescott Bush's cell of '17 and was a director at Brown Brothers, Harriman.



Again, from George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography:



“On October 22, 1945, Secretary of War Robert Patterson created the Lovett Committee,

chaired by Robert A. Lovett, to advise the government on the post-World War II

organization of U.S. intelligence activities.... The new agency would 'consult' with the

armed forces, but it must be the sole collecting agency in the field of foreign espionage

and counterespionage. The new agency should have an independent budget, and its

appropriations should be granted by Congress without public hearings. Lovett appeared

before the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy on November 14, 1945.... Lovett pressed

for a virtual resumption of the wartime Office of Strategic Services (OSS).... The CIA

was established in 1947 according to the prescription of Robert Lovett, of Jupiter Island.”



Gaddis Smith, a history professor at Yale, said, "Yale has influenced the Central

Intelligence Agency more than any other university, giving the CIA the atmosphere of a

class reunion." And "Bonesman" have been foremost among the "spooks" building the

CIA's "haunted house."



F. Trubee Davison ('18) was Director of Personnel at the CIA in the early years. Some of

the other "Bonesmen" connected with the intelligence community are:



• Sloane Coffin, Jr. ('49)

• V. Van Dine ('49)

• James Buckley ('44)

• Bill Buckley ('50)

• Hugh Cunnigham ('34)

• Hugh Wilson ('09)

• Reuben Holden ('40)

• Charles R. Walker ('16)

• Yale's 'unofficial' Secretary of War, Robert D. French ('10)

• Archibald MacLiesh ('15)

• Dino Pionzio ('50), CIA Deputy Chief of Station during Allende overthrow

• William and McGeorge Bundy

• Richard A. Moore ('3?)

• Senator David Boren ('63)

• Senator John Kerry ('66)



...and, of course, George Herbert Walker Bush. Bush tapped Coffin, who tapped Buckley.



Some other prominent Bonesmen include:



• Henry Luce ('20), Time-Life

• John Thomas Daniels ('14), founder Archer Daniels Midland

• Gifford Pinchot ('89), President Theodore Roosevelt's chief forester

• Frederick E. Weyerhaeuser ('96)

• Harold Stanley ('08), founder of Morgan Stanley, investment banker

• Alfred Cowles ('13), Cowles Communication

• Henry P. Davison ('20), senior partner Morgan Guaranty Trust

• Thomas Cochran ('04) Morgan partner

• Senator John Heinz ('31)

• Pierre Jay ('92), first chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York

• George Herbert Walker, Jr. ('27), financier and co-founder of the NY Mets

• Artemus Gates ('18), President of New York Trust Company, Union Pacific,

TIME, Boeing Company

• William Draper III (50), the Defense Department, UN and Import-Export Bank

• Dean Witter, Jr.('44), investment banker

• Senator Jonathan Bingham ('36)

• Potter Stewart ('36), Supreme Court Justice

• Senator John Chaffe ('47)

• Harry Payne Whitney ('94), husband of Gertrude Vanderbilt, investment banker

• Russell W. Davenport ('23), editor Fortune Magazine, created Fortune 500 list

• Evan G. Galbraith ('50), Ambassador to France and Managing Director of Morgan

Stanley

• Richard Gow ('55), president Zapata Oil

• Amory Howe Bradford ('34), husband of Carol Warburg Rothschild and general

manager for the New York Times

• C. E. Lord ('49), Comptroller of the Currency

• Winston Lord ('59), Chairman of CFR, Ambassador to China and assistant

Secretary of State in the Clinton administration



Ever since Nixon re-established America's political relationship with China, many of our

ambassadors to that country have been Bonesmen, including George Bush, the first Chief

U. S. Liaison Officer to the Peoples Republic of China.



5. China and the Opium Wars



Why all this interest in China? Well, China, among other things, is one of the largest

producers and users of opiates in the world.

For a while, in the 1800s, the Yankee Clippers in Connecticut and Massachusetts were

the fastest ships on the ocean. Speed was crucial to the opium trade; whoever made the

trip from Turkey/India to Macao/Hong Kong/Shanghai first got the most for their goods.



During the Opium Wars, the U.S. chose to stand on the sidelines and cheer for the

English and French, knowing that treaty obligations would bring the U.S. a share in the

spoils. Russell and Company was at times the only trading house operating in Canton and

used the opportunity to developed strong commercial ties and handsome profits.



Powerful national interests were behind the drug trade, because American traders were

badly in need of some article the Chinese would buy, since by this time the seal breeding

grounds had been nearly wiped out. If the Chinese had not bought opium from

Americans, then United States imports of silk, porcelain and tea would have to paid in

precious coin, which was in short supply. In 1843, when the Port of Shanghai was

opened, Russell and Co. was one of its earliest traders.



In 1903, Yale Divinity School set up a program of schools and hospitals in China. Mao

Zedong was among the staff. During the intrigues of China in the 1930s and '40s,

American intelligence called upon the resources of "Yale in China", and George Bush's

cousin and fellow "Bonesman" Reuben Holden.



After stints as UN Ambassador and Chairman of the Republican National Committee for

the beleaguered Richard Nixon, George Bush was sent to look after the "China trade".

The Bush family is still very much involved in the economic activities of "Red" China.



Many researchers contend that George Bush has been with CIA since the early 1950s,

and that one of his jobs was to consolidate and co-ordinate the worldwide narcotics

industry, the largest industry on Earth. Some say that one of the reasons behind the

Vietnam "Police Action" was a cover for the consolidation of the "Golden Triangle".



6. The War on Drugs: An "Intellectual Fraud"



Before the Vietnam "War", the Golden Triangle was run by French Intelligence and

Corsican mobsters. After the French bailed out and America moved in, the triangle was

run by U.S. intelligence, with aid from Sicilian mobsters. This narcotics network is well

documented in The Politics of Heroin in S. E. Asia by Alfred McCoy, The Great Heroin Coup

by Henrik Kruger and Double-Cross by Sam and Chuck Giancana.



Vice-President George Bush, as Chairman of President Reagan's cabinet-level working

group and as Director of the National Narcotics Interdiction System, was the highest U.

S. governmental official involved in the "war on drugs".



Frances Mullen, Jr., former head of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), called Bush's

efforts "an intellectual fraud" and "a liability rather than an asset". Soon after these

statements, Mullen resigned and the resultant General Accounting Office (GAO) report

was buried.

In July, 1985, the suppressed GAO paper reported that there were "no benefits from the

National Narcotics Border Interdiction System, directed by George Bush. In fact, the

overall effect was to encourage supply...."



Monika Jensen-Stevenson, a 60 Minutes producer, quit her job after the CBS news

program refused to air the story she had uncovered relating to the covert drug trade. Her

book, Kiss The Boys Goodbye, details how our intelligence community used the apparatus

of the POW/MIA governmental agencies as a cover for the trafficking of opiates from the

Golden Triangle.



President Reagan appointed Reform Party founder and Texas billionaire Ross Perot to the

President's Advisory Council on Foreign Intelligence. Reagan made Perot a special

presidential investigator, looking into America's POW and MIAs from the Vietnam

"War".



Ross took the job to heart and spent considerable time and money in pursuit of the quest.

He was given special clearance and access. He asked questions and interviewed everyone

he could find.



From Kiss The Boys Goodbye:



“Relations between Bush and Perot had gone downhill ever since the Vice-President had

asked Ross Perot how his POW/MIA investigations were going.



'Well, George, I go in looking for prisoners,' said Perot, 'but I spend all my time

discovering the government has been moving drugs around the world and is involved in

illegal arms deals.... I can't get at the prisoners because of the corruption among our own

people.'



This ended Perot's official access to the highly classified files as a one-man presidential

investigator. 'I have been instructed to cease and desist,' he had informed the families of

missing men early in 1987.”



The wholesale importation of cocaine into the U.S. during "Iran/Contra" is also well

documented. George Bush, is known "to be in the loop" with many of the players keeping

in contact directly with his office.



Also, there has been much speculation as to the use of the off-shore rigs, pipelines and

other assets of Zapata Offshore being used for narcotic trans-shipments.



Narcotics such as cocaine and heroin cannot be manufactured without the precursor

chemicals. One of the largest makers of these precursor chemicals is the Eli Lilly

Company of Indianapolis, Indiana. The Quayle family is a large stockholder, and George

Bush has been on the Board of Directors. Eli Lilly is also the company that first

synthesized LSD for the CIA.

7. George Bush, Skull & Bones and the JFK Assassination



Rodney Stich's book Defrauding America tells of a "deep-cover CIA officer" assigned to a

counter-intelligence unit, code-named Pegasus. This unit "had tape-recordings of plans to

assassinate Kennedy" from a tap on the phone of J. Edgar Hoover. The people on the

tapes were "[Nelson] Rockefeller, Allen Dulles, [Lyndon] Johnson of Texas, George

Bush and J. Edgar Hoover."



Could George Bush be involved in the JFK assassination?



In 1963, Bush was living in Houston, busily carrying out his duties as president of the

Zapata Offshore oil company. He denied the existence of a note sent by the FBI's J.

Edgar Hoover to "Mr. George Bush of the CIA." When news of the note surfaced, the

CIA first said they never commented on employment questions, but later relented said

yes, a "George Bush" was mentioned in the note, but that it was "another" George Bush,

not the man who took office in the White House in 1988.



Some intrepid reporters tracked down the "other" George Bush and discovered that he

was just a lowly clerk who had shuffled papers for the CIA for about six months. He

never received any interagency messages from anybody at the FBI, let alone the Queen

Mary.



It is also worth noting that a CIA code word for Bay of Pigs was Operation Zapata, and

that two of the support vessels were named Barbara and Houston.



Many say that George Bush was high up on the CIA ladder at the time, running

proprietorial vehicles and placed in a position of command, responsible for many of the

Cubans recruited into "service" at the time. All through the Iran-Contra affair, Felix

Rodriguez, the man who captured and had Che Guevara killed for the CIA, always

seemed to call Bush's office first.



From The Realist (Summer, 1991):



“Bush was working with the now-famous CIA agent, Felix Rodriguez, recruiting right-

wing Cuban exiles for the invasion of Cuba. It was Bush's CIA job to organize the Cuban

community in Miami for the invasion.... A newly discovered FBI document reveals that

George Bush was directly involved in the 1963 murder of President John Kennedy. The

document places marksmen by the CIA. Bush at that time lived in Texas. Hopping from

Houston to Miami weekly, Bush spent 1960 and '61 recruiting Cubans in Miami for the

invasion....



George Bush claims he never worked for the CIA until he was appointed Director by

former Warren Commission director and then president Jerry Ford in 1976. Logic

suggests that is highly unlikely. Of course, Bush has a company duty to deny being in the

CIA. The CIA is a secret organization. No one ever admits to being a member. The truth

is that Bush has been a top CIA official since before the 1961 invasion of Cuba, working

with Felix Rodriguez. Bush may deny his actual role in the CIA in 1959, but there are

records in the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba that expose Bush's role...”



On the Watergate tapes, June 23, 1972, referred to in the media as the 'smoking gun'

conversation, Nixon and his Chief of Staff, H.R. Haldeman, were discussing how to stop

the FBI investigation into the CIA Watergate burglary. They were worried that the

investigation would expose their connection to 'the Bay of Pigs thing.' Haldeman, in his

book The Ends of Power, reveals that Nixon always used code words when talking about

the 1963 murder of JFK. Haldeman said Nixon would always refer to the assassination as

'the Bay of Pigs'.



On that transcript we find Nixon discussing the role of George Bush's partner, Robert

Mosbacher, as one of the Texas fundraisers for Nixon. On the tapes Nixon keeps

referring to the 'Cubans' and the 'Texans.' The 'Texans' were Bush, Mosbacher and Baker.

This is another direct link between Bush and evidence linking Nixon and Bush to the

Kennedy assassination.



8. Motives for the Conspiracy



So, why would an intelligence agency/secret society want to smuggle drugs and

assassinate JFK?



Well, they make a lot of money, and they garner intelligence assets through their

participation. There's also the rationale that the world is a seamy and unseemly place, and

if you're going to be the 'big boy' on the block, you better know what's going on. And

what better way of knowing than by running it yourself? There are also some who

theorize that the covert drug trade fits with plans to destabilize American families and

society. Through demoralizing and fracturing the body politic, they can impose their will

using psychological warfare and the political alchemy of the Hegelian dialectic.



James Shelby Downard's article, Sorcery, Sex, Assassination and the Science of

Symbolism, an underground classic, links American historical events with a wild,

numerological, grand occult plan "to turn us into cybernetic mystery zombies". The

assassination of JFK, this article contends, was the performance of a public occult ritual

called The Killing of the King, designed as a mass-trauma, mind-control assault against

our U.S. national body-politic.



During Operation Sunrise, Operation Blowback, Operation Paperclip and others,

thousands of Nazi scientists, researchers and administrators were brought to the United

States after World War II. Many were "smuggled" into the country against direct, written,

orders from President Harry S. Truman.



Project Monarch was the resumption of a mind-control project called Marionette

Programming, which started in Nazi Germany. The basic component of the Monarch

Program is the sophisticated manipulation of the mind, using extreme trauma to induce

Multiple Personality Disorder.

Mr. Downward feels that the perpetrators purposefully murdered JFK in such a way as to

affect our National identity and cohesiveness -- to fracture America's soul. Even the

blatancy of their conspiracy was designed to show "their superiority" and "our futility".



There have been studies that show a correlation between the JFK assassination and the

rise in violence in society, distrust of government and other extensions of social ills.



9. The Illuminati: Subverting the Body Politic



Why this attack against our body politic?



In 1785, a bolt of lightning struck a courier en route to Paris from Frankfort-on-the-Main.

A tract written by Adam Weishaupt, founder of the Illuminati, Original Shift in Days of

Illuminations, was recovered from the dead messenger, containing the secret society's

long-range plan for "The New World Order through world revolution".



The Bavarian Government outlawed the society and in 1787 published the details of The

Illuminati conspiracy in The Original Writings of the Order and Sect of the Illuminati.



In Adam Weishaupt's own words:



“By this plan, we shall direct all mankind in this manner. And, by the simplest means, we

shall set all in motion and in flames. The occupations must be so allotted and contrived

that we may, in secret, influence all political transactions.”



There is disagreement among scholars as to whether or not the Illuminati survived its

banishment. Nevertheless, the group had been quite successful in attracting members and

had allied itself with the extensive Masonic networks.



The Illuminati was publicly founded May 1, 1776 at the University of Ingolstadt by

Weishaupt, Professor of Canon Law. It was a very "learned" society; Weishaupt drew the

earliest members of his new order from among his students.



On December 5, 1776, students at William and Mary College founded a secret society,

Phi Beta Kappa. A second chapter was formed, at Yale, in 1780. The anti-Masonic

movement in the United States during the 1820s held groups such as Phi Beta Kappa in a

bad light. Because of pressure, the society went public. This is noted by some researchers

as the direct cause of the appearance of Yale's Order of Skull and Bones.



In The Cyclopedia Of Fraternities, a genealogical chart of general Greek-Letter college

fraternities in the United States, shows Phi Beta Kappa as "the parent of all the fraternal

systems in [American] higher education." There is only one "side" lineal descendant: the

Yale chapter of 1780. The line then continues to Skull and Bones in 1832, and on through

the other "only at Yale" senior societies, Scroll & Key and Wolf's Head.

Phi Beta Kappa is the "first three Greek letters, for 'Philosophia Biou Kubernetes' or

'Love of wisdom, the helmsman of life'." A skull homophone is scull, a quick, gliding

boat and part of Skull & Bones first nomenclature.



John Robison, a professor of natural philosophy at Edinburgh University in Scotland and

a member of a Freemason Lodge, said that he was asked to join the Illuminati. After

study, he concluded the purposes of the Illuminati were not for him.



In 1798, he published a book called Proofs Of A Conspiracy:



“An association has been formed for the express purpose of rooting out all the religious

establishments and overturning all the existing governments.... the leaders would rule the

World with uncontrollable power, while all the rest would be employed as tools of the

ambition of their unknown superiors.”



Proofs of A Conspiracy was sent to George Washington. Responding to the sender of the

book with a letter, the president said he was aware the Illuminati were in America. He felt

that the Illuminati had "diabolical tenets" and that their object was "a separation of the

People from their government."



In Proofs Of A Conspiracy, Robison printed the ceremony of initiation of the "Regent

degree" in Illuminism. In it "a skeleton is pointed out to him [the initiate], at the feet of

which are laid a crown and a sword. He is asked 'whether that is the skeleton of a king,

nobleman or a beggar.' As he cannot decide, the president of the meeting says to him,

'The character of being a man is the only one that is importance'".



This is, essentially, the same as the writing in the Skull & Bones "tomb":



“Wer war der Thor, wer Weiser, Bettler oder Kaiser? Ob Arm, ob Reich, im Tode

gleich.”



Which reads:



“Who was the fool, who the wise man, beggar or king? Whether poor or rich, all's the

same in death.”



10. Skull & Bones = Illuminati?



Is the Order of the Skull & Bones part of the Illuminati?



When a person is initiated into Skull & Bones, they are given a new name, similar to the

practice of the Illuminati. And many recorded Illuminati members can be shown to have

contact and/or strong influences with many of the professors that taught "Bonesmen" in

Berlin.

When a secret society conspires against the sovereignty of a king, they need to organize,

raise funds, make their plans operational, and hopefully bring them to fruition.



Could we have in the United States a secret society that has used the "National Security

State" as a cover for their nefarious plans?



From George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography:



“That September [1951], Robert Lovett replaced Marshall as secretary of defense.

Meanwhile, Harriman was named director of the Mutual Security Agency, making him

the U.S. chief of the Anglo-American military alliance. By now, Brown Brothers,

Harriman was everything but commander-in-chief.



A central focus of the Harriman security regime in Washington (1950-53) was the

organization of covert operations and 'psychological warfare.' Harriman, together with his

lawyers and business partners, Allen and John Foster Dulles, wanted the government's

secret services to conduct extensive propaganda campaigns and mass-psychology

experiments within the U.S.A., and paramilitary campaigns abroad....



The Harriman security regime created the Psychological Strategy Board (PSB) in 1951.

The man appointed director of the PSB [was] Gordon Gray.... Gordon's brother, R.J.

Reynolds chairman Bowman Gray Jr., was also a naval intelligence officer, known

around Washington as the 'founder of operational intelligence.' Gordon Gray became a

close friend and political ally of Prescott Bush; and Gray's son became for Prescott's son,

George, his lawyer and the shield of his covert policy.”



So you have the Whitney/Stimson/Bundy clan and the Harriman/Bush boys wielding a

tremendous amount of influence on the political, economic and social affairs of America

and the world. Then you have Prescott Bush's buddy Richard Nixon as an activist vice-

president. Then, a nation-chilling assassination, some time under LBJ with the Bundy

boys keeping things in line, then Nixon as President with "Bonesmen" aides Ray Price

('51) and Richard A. Moore. Some time out for a Trilateralist-Democrat-patsy president,

followed by Prescott's son as an activist vice-president under Reagan. Next, we get a

Skull and Bones president who declares a "New World Order" while beating up on his

business partner, Saddam Hussein.



After twelve years of Republican administrations, Bush passes the reins to his drug

smuggling buddy from Arkansas, Bill Clinton, who studied at Yale Law School.

According to some researchers, Clinton was recruited as a CIA operative while a Rhodes

Scholar at Oxford. Could this be the "old Hegelian historical dialectic process"?



11. World History: Plan or Accident?



Will we get another failed Democratic administration? A scandal as disgraceful as

Nixon's fall? When Robert P. Johnson (William Barr) told Clinton in a bunker in

Arkansas that “you are our fair-haired boy, but you do have competition for the job you

seek. We would never put all our eggs in one basket. You and your state have been our

greatest asset.... Mr. Casey wanted me to pass on to you, that unless you fuck up and do

something stupid, you are number one on our short list for shot at the job you always

wanted.



So, you have William Casey -- CIA Director, George Bush's campaign manager and

Sovereign Knight of Malta -- speaking through the proxy of George Bush's last Attorney

General to George's rival in the 1992 federal elections. Is it all just a show and sham for

U.S. hoi polloi?



Perhaps so, if there exists the type of control over the electoral process as told by Mae

Brussell and the suppressed book VoteScam, written by Jim and Ken Collier:



“...Your vote and mine may now be a meaningless bit of energy directed by

preprogrammed computers-which can be fixed to select certain pre-ordained candidates

and leave no footprints or paper trail.”



In short, computers are covertly stealing your vote.



For almost three decades the American vote has been subject to government-sponsored

electronic theft.



The vote has been stolen from you by a cartel of federal "national security" bureaucrats,

who include higher-ups in the Central Intelligence Agency, political party leaders,

Congressmen, co-opted journalists -- and the owners and managers -- of the major

Establishment news media, who have decided in concert that how America's votes are

counted, by whom they are counted and how the results are verified and delivered to the

public is, as one of them put it, 'Not a proper area of inquiry.'



By means of an unofficial private corporation named News Election Service (NES), the

Establishment press has actual physical control of the counting and dissemination of the

vote, and it refuses to let the public know how it is done.”



Is the American electorate subjected to cyclic propaganda, pre-selected candidates and

winners, and psychological warfare to alienate Americans from the institutions

established to serve them by the Constitution? Are the Democratic and Republican

National Parties used for a Hegelian experiment in controlled conflict?



Pamela Churchill Harriman, Averil's wife, is one of the Democratic Party's biggest fund-

raisers. She once gave Bill a job as director of her "PAM PAC" when he was defeated for

governor in 1980. Bill paid her back by appointing her as Ambassador to France.



Another Harriman/Bush friend, Eugene Stetson ('34), was an assistant manager for

Prescott Bush at Brown Brothers, Harriman's New York office. He organized the H.

Smith Richardson Foundation. The foundation, in the late 1950s, participated in the

MKULTRA, the CIA's domestic covert psychological warfare operation. The Richardson

Foundation helped to finance the testing of psychotropic drugs, including LSD, at

Bridgewater Hospital in Massachusetts, the center of some of the most brutal MK-

ULTRA experiments.



During the Iran-Contra operations, the H. Smith Richardson Foundation was a "private

donors steering committee," working with the National Security Council to co-ordinate

the Office of Public Diplomacy. This was an effort to propagandize in favor of and run

cover for the Iran-Contra operations, and to coordinate published attacks on opponents of

the program.



The H. Smith Richardson Foundation also runs the Center for Creative Leadership at

Langley to "train leaders of the CIA," as well as another center near Greensboro, North

Carolina, that trains CIA and Secret Service Agents. Almost everyone who achieves the

military rank of general also gets this training.



This is just the tip of an iceberg. You also have eugenics and population control,

suppressed history and technology, yearly retreats, profitable partnerships with brutal

dictators, deals with "terrorists", the involvement of the Knights of Malta, war-mongering

and profiteering, mind-control, secret societies for teens, ritual magic and more -- all

spinning the dark threads in the web of conspiracy that our spinning blue ball has gotten

caught in.



We've got a whole new crop of "Bonesmen" coming up, including George H.W. Bush's

son George W. Bush ('68), Governor of Texas.



When Don Schollander ('68), the Olympic gold-medalist and only known Skull and

Bones member living in Portland, was contacted by Willamette Week reporter John

Schrang regarding his involvement in the Order, he said, "It's really something I can't talk

about."



Not wouldn't, but "couldn't".



In wake of Antony Sutton's first ground-breaking exposes of the Order, the Sterling

Library at Yale has refused to allow any other researchers access to the Russell Trust

papers.



Daniel Gilman, like most Bonesmen, makes no mention of Skull & Bones or the Russell

Trust in his memoirs or biographies.



So, are we all just 'fodder" for a secret society with satanic overtones that is attempting to

form a one world government with themselves at the helm? Or is the Order of Skull and

Bones just a bunch of frat boys from Yale? Wanna bet your future on it?



© Copyright Little Red Hen, 1996

http://www.ctrl.org/ CONSPIRACY THEORY RESEARCH LIST

PRESIDENT'S FAMILY HAD LINKS TO BANK WITH TIES TO HITLER

SUPPORTER

By Jonathan Salant, in Washington

October 21, 2003

http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/10/20/1066631359649.html?from=storyrhs



The grandfather of the US President, George Bush, was a director of a bank seized by the federal

government because of its ties to a German industrialist who helped bankroll Adolf Hitler's rise to

power.

Prescott Bush was one of seven directors of Union Banking Corp, a New York investment bank

owned by a bank controlled by the Thyssen family, according to recently declassified National

Archives documents. Fritz Thyssen was an early financial supporter of Hitler, whose Nazi party

Thyssen believed was preferable to communism.

There is no evidence that Prescott Bush directly aided that effort, and his position with Union

Banking was never a political issue for Mr Bush, who was elected to the Senate from Connecticut

in 1952.

Reports of Mr Bush's involvement with the bank have been circulating on the internet and been

reported in the mainstream media for years. The newly declassified documents provide additional

details about the Union Banking-Thyssen connection.



Trent Duffy, a spokesman for President Bush, declined to comment.

The government seized Union Banking in October 1942 under the Trading with the Enemy Act,

but no charges were brought against the bank's US directors. The federal government was too

busy trying to fight the war, said Donald Goldstein, a professor of public and international affairs

at the University of Pittsburgh. "We did not have the resources to do these things."

Fritz Thyssen broke with the Nazis in 1938 over their persecution of Catholics and Jews, and fled

to Switzerland.

He was later arrested and spent 1941 to 1945 in a Nazi prison. His brother lived in Switzerland

from 1932 to 1947 but continued to operate businesses in Germany.

The new documents were first reported by a freelance writer, John Buchanan, in the New

Hampshire Gazette.

FREEMASONS (OR TEMPLARS) IN TURKEY





CHAPTER IV



The roots of Turkish Masonry go back to the middle

of the 19th century. Sources on the subject speak

of five phases of Masonry in Turkey, the first of

these being the period before 1909. A number of

lodges were founded during the Ottoman Empire,

but could not get properly organized, since Sultan

Abdulhamid systematically prevented this. At this stage, the lodges depended

on lodges outside of the Empire, who also provided their management.



The second period, between 1909 and 1935, began with the March 31 uprising

(April 13, 1909 corresponds to March 31, 1325 in the Muslim calendar) that

removed Abdulhamid from the throne and let the Masons become the ruling

political power. To reduce opposition from the people, the local lodges, hitherto

run from abroad, took on a national identity for the first time in Masonic history.

At the beginning of this period, the Committee of Union and Progress (Ittihat ve

Terakki Cemiyeti) controlled by Masons came to the forefront.



The third period runs between 1935 and 1948. In 1935, president Ataturk

ordered the closure of the lodges, on the grounds that they were destructive

institutions run from abroad, and so Masonry entered a period of hibernation.

But during these 13 years of "sleep," the Masons continued with their activities

in the Halkevi Community Centers.



In the years between 1948 and 1966, Masonic activities intensified, but in two

distinct branches: the Scottish and the French rites. The final period began in

1966 and leads up to the present day, wherein the two branches are

increasingly more active and better organized.



The Tanzimat Reforms, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, and August

Comte



The Masons' first real impact in the Ottoman Empire was felt in 1839, during

the Tanzimat ("reorganization" in Turkish) era (1839-1876). Although there had

been lodges founded well before that, they were neither effective nor well

organized. All this changed, however, with Mustafa Reshid Pasha, Masonry's

shining star and known as the architect of the Reform Edict (Tanzimat

Fermani).



According to Masonic sources, Mustafa Reshid Pasha made first contact with

Masonry in London and was admitted into the order in the 1830s, though which

lodge actually admitted him is not known. Of Mustafa Reshid Pasha, the Turkish

Masonic journal Mimar Sinan has this to say:



"If, on your path, you have to fight forces more powerful than yourself, you

must fight their thoughts relentlessly. If you are positive that your path is the

true one, you must proceed, even if you are alone. Never hide your deeds."

Was this piece of ritual advice not the Great Mustafa Reshid Pasha's and other

brothers' leading principle? Did he not heed this advice, when he took the

appeal for his own execution to the Sultan or when he read out the Imperial

Edict (Hatti Humayun), standing bolt upright, self-confident and self-conscious,

knowing what he was doing and wanted to do and prepared to die for this if

necessary? We bow before the memory of the Great Mustafa Pasha, who had

been the leading light for the people, and in remembrance of his courageous

reading of the Hatti Humayun, 135 years ago in the Gulhane Square.72



In another issue of the journal:



Great Mustafa Pasha, shaped by Masonry, is a monument

of love of country and people. He rests in the loyal bosom

of history, content in having received the light of the

temple and having lit the way for his homeland.73



But what are the meaning and the consequence of the

Reform Edict, of which Mustafa Reshid Pasha was the August Comte, a

architect? sworn atheist, tried

through Masonic

Its positive as well as negative consequences have been links to bring about

a break between

argued over for more than 150 years. True, the Reform Ottoman society

Edict's starting point was the Ottoman Empire's desperate and its Islamic

need for reform, since in terms of development it had fallen religion

way behind the Western world. The Reform Edict didn't

only kick-start the process of reform, but also imported the materialistic world

view then dominant in Europe.



When this subject is examined closely, we see that the European Masons, via

the lodge, were bombarding Mustafa Reshid Pasha and other leaders of the

Tanzimat movement with propaganda for the materialistic philosophy. In this

respect, the famous atheist philosopher August Comte, who was close to

Mustafa Reshid Pasha, played an important role. Comte tried to influence the

Pasha with his anti-religious positivism and wrote him countless letters filled

with atheist, anti-religious content. At one point, the Sultan sacked Mustafa

Reshid Pasha as chief minister because of the relationship between the two.

One of Comte's letters reads as follows:



Since you have been removed from the office you held so successfully, the free

time you now have on hand gives rise to my hope that you will invest time into

considering my positivist philosophy, which I present to you in general terms,

and the universal positivist political system it will create…



For many hundreds of years the West as well as the East have searched for a

universal, unifying religion. Faith in one religion engages the human emotions

and gets a hold on them, whereas experience and reason prove that such hope

is unfounded. While progressing from Islam to Positivism, without any need for

a metaphysical transformation period, Muslims will soon understand the real

maintainers of such elevated thoughts as peculiar to their great Prophet who

will systematize religious faith and humanitarian understanding with universal

victory.



If the Muslims could be distanced from such an unnecessary sense of political

unity, they won't feel sad about the Ottoman Empire's inevitable collapse. On

the contrary, they will see that their temporary rule actually limited their

society's social development. As for the Ottoman chiefs still engaged with the

occupation of their lands by lesser nations and the like-once the inevitable takes

place, their imaginary fears will disappear and the people will be freed. The

political implication of accepting humanitarianism instead of a universally

believed God will bring a sense of unity among the people, which Islam's core

philosophy so desires. Once the Ottomans replace their faith in God with

Humanism, this goal will quickly be attained.74



In his letters to Mustafa Reshid Pasha, Comte recommended that the Ottomans

should replace their Islamic religion with the "religion" of positivism and drop

their dream of political unity with other Muslim peoples. Comte also

recommends replacing God with Humanism-in reality, the same as the Masonic

ideology of secular humanism. (For detailed information about secular

humanism, see Global Freemasonry by Harun Yahya, Global Publishing,

Istanbul, 2003)



It's easy to recognize the irrationality of Comte's advice. God created all people

and therefore, they are answerable to Him. The suggestion to drop the Creator

in favor of Humanism suggests that people adopt one another as their life

purpose. Throughout history, the prophets have fought misleading, misguided

philosophies like this. Shu'ayb (peace be upon him) said to his nation (Qur'an,

11: 92): "… My people! Do you esteem my clan more than you do God? You

have made Him into something to cast disdainfully behind your backs! But my

Lord encompasses everything that you do!"



In reality, Comte and all other leading 19th-century atheists (Darwin, Marx,

Freud, Durkheim, etc.) did nothing more than rework old, mistaken beliefs and

ideas and present them as new and progressive. To a great extent, Masonry is

responsible for the dissemination and acceptance of these beliefs and ideas

across Europe and from there, around the globe. Freemasonry has adopted

positivism like a religion along with other materialistic philosophies and begun a

systematic campaign to impose them first on the intellectual élite, then on the

masses in general.



Masonry's activities in the Ottoman Empire and later in Turkey must be

considered from this perspective. The lodge acted like a propaganda machine,

making the fight against religion its mission. When different phases of

Masonry's history in Turkey are examined, an interesting picture emerges.



Young Turks, the Committee of Union and Progress, and

Freemasons



After the Tanzimat period came the first

Constitutional Period (I. Mesrutiyet) (1876-1878).

On February 14, 1878, Abdulhamid sacked the

Constitutional government and ruled the nation

directly until the second constitutional government

In the 19th century, the was declared in 1908. Some historians have

Masons "exported" their therefore chosen to portray this era as a

materialist-humanist dictatorship. The truth is different, however.

philosophies to other

countries. The above

Masonic drawing illustrates

Sultan Abdulhamid inherited an Empire at the

their philosophy verge of collapse. With skill and balanced

enlightening other nations. diplomacy, he not only kept the Empire alive, but

Notice that the Ottoman prevented warfare and bloodshed between 1876

nation (bottom left) is and 1909. He reformed many areas of the Ottoman

among them.

government, including the institutions of justice,

education, and the military. During his reign, the Dar-ul-Funun (The House of

Sciences) was established and later became the University of Istanbul. His

government built the foundations of the railway system and the infrastructure

of telegraphy. The generation that was to establish the Republic of Turkey,

including Ataturk, received its education in the modern schools Abdulhamid had

built. Claims that his regime was "bloody" are baseless and unfair, considering

that not even his fiercest enemies were sentenced to death, but instead were

exiled.



The real reason for the hostile propaganda against him was that he was a

devout Muslim, ruling his Empire according to Islamic morality.



The opposition facing him during the 40-odd years of his rule was the Young

Turks. Theirs was not a united front with a common ideology-some of them

actually held religious values. Most Young Turks believed that the way forward

for the Ottoman Empire was to adopt Western philosophies and systems. Most

were well-meaning and hoped to save the Empire but history was to prove their

ideology faulty soon enough. The Young Turks did succeed in bringing down

Abdulhamid's government, but their own lasted only ten years, during which

time the Empire disintegrated. One fraction within this movement was the

Union and Progress Party. They were in charge from 1910 onwards and became

the Empire's ruling party in 1913. But simply opposing Abdulhamid was not

sufficient to improve the situation in the Empire.



Masonic elements within the Young Turks' movement and the Union party were

responsible for their wholesale adoption of Western philosophies, ideologies and

systems. An article in the Paris daily Le Temps on August 20, 1908, based on

an interview with Mr. Refik and Colonel Niyazi-two Union party members in

Thessalonica-reveals the extent of the Masons' influence on the movement:



The journalist conducting the interview asked the extent of the aid received

from Masonry between 1905 and 1908. Their answer to this question is

interesting. "Masonry, especially Italian Masonry, supported us. Many lodges in

Thessalonica were active. In practice, the Italian lodges helped the Committee

of Union and Progress and protected us. Because most of us were Masons, we

met in the lodges, and this was where we were trying to recruit. Istanbul

became suspicious and managed to introduce a few agents into the lodges."75









Some of the achievements of

With the Ottoman Empire on the verge of Abdulhamid's era: The opening of

disintegration, Sultan Abdulhamid ruled the Baghdad rail link, the founding

successfully for 40 years. His rational of the Dar-ul-Funun (today's

policies and the reforms he introduced University of Istanbul), and the

laid the foundations for modern Turkey. construction of the Haydarpasha

train station.



After the declaration of the second Mesrutiyet (Parliamentary Monarchy), a

British MP and the founder of the Balkans Committee, Roden Buxton visited

Istanbul and recorded that the initiation ceremony of the committee of Union

and Progress was an identical copy of the Freemasons':

Candidates who wanted to be admitted to the Committee of Union and Progress

were informed that they were about to be told a great secret. After their

trustworthiness was established, they were made to swear an oath. Then the

initiation stage began. The candidates were blindfolded and taken to another

chamber, where the blindfolds were removed. The candidates found themselves

in semi-darkness, facing three hooded strangers. Here they were required to

put their hand on a sword and swear an oath of absolute secrecy and to kill

anyone who committed treachery against the party, even if it were a friend or

relative.76



Prominent Turkish journalist Ilhami Soysal writes about the relationship

between Masonry and the Committee of Union and Progress:



The Macedonia Rizorta lodge and the Veritas [Latin for "Truth"] lodge in

Thessalonica where the Turks were a minority to begin with, gradually became

the meeting and recruiting center of the Committee of Union and Progress, then

eventually came under their control. The leaders of the Committee of Union and

Progress-Talat Pasha, Mithat Sukru Bleda, Kazim Pasha, Manyasizade Refik,

Kazim Nami Duru, Colonel (later MP for Mus) Naki, Drama Gendarmerie

Commander Huseyin Muhittin, Financial Controller Ferit Aseo-belonged to the

Macedonian Rizorta lodge. Emmanuel Karasu, Cemal Pasha, Faik Suleyman

Pasha, Ismail Canbolat, Hodja Fehmi Efendi, Mustafa Dogan, Mustafa Necip

(later shot dead during the raid on the Babiali), were all illuminated at the

Veritas lodge. Talat Pasha, who was to become Prime Minister, and Colonel Naki

were active in both the Veritas and Macedonian Rizorta lodges.77



While these activities in Thessalonica

continued, Abdulhamid was anticipating

great danger from the Masons and tried

to contain the Masonic lodges. He had

organized a network of informers to

report the activities taking place in the

lodges. Grand Master Kemalettin Apak A photograph of the first Young Turks

relates the events of that period, from Congress, held in Paris

his perspective:



Sultan Abdulhamid II was afraid of the Masons. He systematically persecuted

and tried to contain the Freemasons, nor was he wrong in being afraid of

Masonry. Honorary Mason Sultan Murad V passed away in 1904, relieving

Abdulhamid of one of his nightmares. A few years later a new movement, in

which the Rumelia Masons played an important part, brought freedom and light

to the nation's firmament. Those who forced Abdulhamid to accept and declare

the Second Parliamentary Monarchy in 1908 were all Masons ...

Abdulhamid wasn't persecuting Masonry in Istanbul and leaving us alone here

[in Thessalonica]. His agents were at work here [Rumelia] too. Especially in

Thessalonica, the undercover officers were watching the lodges and recording

the people's comings and goings. But his influence and might weren't the same

here as in Istanbul, because Thessalonica, Kosovo and Manastir were under the

foreigners' control.78



In short, Masonry played an active role in the last half century of the Ottoman

Empire and the conflict between Abdulhamid and the Young Turks. The Masons,

siding with the Young Turks, became powerful within the movement. Masonry

was a serious influence in politics and, to the detriment of Turkish people, they

imposed their European brothers' materialistic philosophies as a lasting

influence.



We will examine one example to see the extent of Masonry's materialistic

philosophy.



Abdullah Cevdet: An Anti-Religious Mason of the Ottoman Era



Abdullah Cevdet, one of the founders of the Committee of Union and Progress,

was an early leader of Turkey's anti-religion movement. He had formulated a

worldview that he hoped would break the link between society and religion.

According to him, any modern society should be founded on an anti-religious

culture. Since Islam was preventing progress, it should be excluded from social

life.



Abdullah Cevdet made his name in the founding of the Union and Progress

Committee. He had been greatly influenced by the views of Mason Ibrahim

Temo, a fellow founder of the Committee and took his first steps towards

materialism by reading the books that Temo gave him: Felix Isnard's

Spiritualism and Materialism and Louis Büchner's Force et Matiére (Force and

Matter). Later he confronted strong opposition from religious circles for his

article on biological materialism.79



Darwin's theory of evolution also made a great impact on Cevdet, and he was

also influenced by eugenics, popular with European racists of the time. The

Tanzimat'tan Cumhuriyet'e Turkiye Ansiklopedisi (Turkish Encyclopedia from the

Reform Edict Period to the Republic) writes the following about Cevdet's views:



Another aspect of Abdullah Cevdet's biological materialism is its theoretical

clarity in the creation of a social élite. Ernest Haeckel's theory on inequality in

the evolutionary process and Darwin's natural selection theory, made Abdullah

Cevdet believe it was possible for some men to develop to a higher level of

intellect by means of education, and that social progress can be achieved only

under the leadership of such an élite.80



In 1903, Cevdet began Ictihat magazine, in which he published articles against

Islam and the Prophet Mohammed (may God bless him and grant him peace).

In February 1909, with the aid of Masonry, he established the Ictihat Evi

Publishing House. But the books Cevdet published were received by the public

with such hostility that first the publishing house, then the magazine Ictihat

were forced to close down. His subsequent prosecution and sentencing made

the newspapers with words like these: "A warning to the transgressors of our

religion:For denigrating the religion of Mohammed in one of his articles,

Abdullah Cevdet has been sentenced to two years' imprisonment."81



Soon after the closure of Ictihat, he began to publish the Istihat, Ishad and

Cehd magazines and also worked as the editor of the Hak and Ikdam

newspapers. On numerous occasions, he received warnings from the Sheikh ul-

Islam, the the Ottoman Empire's highest religious authority, for his anti-Islamic

articles.



He aided the process in which Abdulhamid was removed from the throne but,

fearing for his safety, didn't return to Turkey for many years. When he finally

did, he was appointed to the office of Director for General Health. But here too,

his views managed to offend. When he began to issue certificates permitting

prostitution, members of society protested, and he had to be relieved of his

post.



Abdullah Cevdet has written and translated 70 books. His strongest anti-religion

propaganda is contained in one he translated from the French, full of 19th-

century atheist theories and titled Akli Selim (Common Sense). In the foreword

to this book, Abdullah Cevdet worships humanist "idols" like freedom and

virtue, writing that:



Akli Selim (common sense) is a holy rebellion, and the flames of its love are

burning in our hearts and can never be extinguished. Prometheus is not on the

mountains of the Caucasus, but in our hearts, and his chains are broken. Our

god is virtue, but virtue is not possible without freedom. The most valued

freedoms are the freedoms of thought and faith. The subject of this translation

is service and worship-service and worship to the god of freedom.82



Abdullah Cevdet was studying the French materialists and was greatly

influenced by Gustave Le Bon. In line with his master's theories, he developed a

project titled "Project to the effect of improving the Turkish race by use of

breeding males."



It is interesting to observe that Cevdet, who came from a devoutly religious

family, spent his life fighting religion. He was the most radical representative of

a generation poisoned with Masonic teachings and upon his death, he didn't

receive the traditional Islamic funeral ceremony. Historian Konyali Ibrahim

Hakki recounts Cevdet's funeral:



Abdullah Cevdet said that he did not believe in God. He was strongly opposed to

the Islamic-Arabic letters [and] was continually writing or speaking against

Islamic values. His coffin was brought to the Hagia Sophia Mosque, where the

Imams refused to give him an Islamic funeral. Eventually, his coffin was

removed by the borough council.83



Halkevi Community Centers, Village Institutes, and the

Imposition of Masonic Teachings on the Masses



After the founding of the Turkish Republic, the Masons penetrated the CHP

(Republican People's Party) and began to get organized within. In 1935 Ataturk

was informed of these activities and ordered the closure of the lodges, but the

Masons moved into organizations like the Halkevi Community Centers and the

Village Institutes. And their philosophy lived on.



The establishment of the Halkevi Community Centers was trusted to Dr. Resit

Galip, the Mason chief judge of the Ankara Istiklal Court that had sent many

innocent men to the gallows. In one of his speeches before the Turkish

parliament (TBMM) about the launching of Halkevi Community Centers, he

claimed that Islam could not be the guiding principle for Turkey. As Dr. Anil

Cecen, the owner of the Halkevleri journal relates:



Dr.Resid Galip said that the national goal of the Turkish nation had now

changed, Islamism and Ottomanism would no longer be the national goals, the

Turkish nation's new goal was to take the place it deserved towards being a

part of the modern civilization; that after the drought in Middle Asia, Turks in all

parts of the world were seeking to attain civilization; and that in certain periods

of history, the Turks had established the highest levels of science and

civilization...84



Another immediately recognizable name involved with the Halkevi Centers is

Sukru Kaya, a Mason and Minister of the Interior at the time. In the foreword to

Behcet Kemal Caglar's book 1935 Halkevi, Kaya wrote:



To understand the Halkevi Centers' cultural, social and economic benefits in

such a short time, it is enough to study the statistics recorded in this book. The

Halkevi Centers cater to the educational, social developmental and

entertainment needs of society. Every citizen there teaches what he knows and

learns what he doesn't. Every Turkish intellectual owes his knowledge to the

nation's rather than his own effort. No office, no achievement, and no civil

servant can fully repay his debt to the nation.85



By 1934, the number of Halkevi Centers had reached 103, and their village

subsidiaries (called Halkodalari) 4,322. The members numbered 55,000 and by

that time, more than two million had been "educated" in Masonic ideals.



In 1935, when Ataturk closed down the lodges, the Masons didn't seem to be

too bothered about it. Interior Minister Sukru Kaya, one of the most senior

Masons of the era, told members of the press that since the Halkevi Centers

were fulfilling the functions of the lodges anyway, he didn't mind this

development.



In his book Turkiye'de Masonluk Tarihi (Masonic History in Turkey), Grand

Master Kemalettin Apak phrases it like this:



In the meeting of 33rd degree Masons, Brother Sukru Kaya stated that the

Halkevi and Halkodasi Centers have practically been carrying out Masonry's

social and cultural activities for a long time. The party considered it necessary

for the lodges to rest these activities, and the government had to oblige and put

this decision into effect.86



In other words, according to Sukru Kaya, the lodges and

the Halkevis were representatives of the same philosophy.



Over the years, the Halkevi project was developed further

with the introduction of the Village Institute, which covered

a wider spectrum of activities. Formed by Education

Minister and Mason Hasan Ali Yucel, the Village Institute Hasan Ali Yucel,

was disseminating the Masonic philosophy among the education minister

and Mason, used

population just like the Halkevi.

the Village

Institutes to

This philosophy's real core message became apparent in impose the Masonic

1945 when the Hasanoglu Village Institute in Ankara began philosophies on the

to publish the magazine Koy Enstituleri, which openly masses.

attacked the religion of Islam and its values, as well as with

"between the lines" articles. In one issue of the magazine, Ismail Hakki Tonguc,

an author with Marxist sympathies, writes:



Let's hope that tomorrow's world won't have a faith looking to heaven for

salvation and living off metaphysical ideas. If we want this new world to rest

upon solid foundations, we must give the people a new, comprehensive religion

of a humanist, realist and rational nature, free of greed and lies… The Village

Institute has tried to save from scholastic dogma the children it has educated.87

Hollow terms like humanist, rational, realist, and new are the same ones used

by the Masonic philosophy of secular humanism.



Among the Village Institute's publications were poems by Nazim Hikmet that

defend materialist philosophy and consist of lines intended to lead students to

deny God; also stories in which religion and its values were mocked. They even

relied on the views of Ethem Nejat and Mustafa Suphi, members of the first

steering committee of the secret Communist Party.



Peyami Safa, a leading author of the time, wrote an article about the Village

Institute's Marxist propaganda:



Not one Turkish intellectual isn't aware that the Village Institutes are

Communist propaganda centers where children learn the poems of Nazim

Hikmet, where Marxist conferences are given, and where Marxist articles are

published. Radio Moscow regularly praises graduates of the Village Institute.

Only recently, the high school teacher sentenced to imprisonment for being

caught in the act of Marxist propaganda in the school, was not a graduate of

Philology-as he had stated on his application form-but was from the Village

Institute. If closing the Village Institutes is the victory of the dark forces, does it

follow that these institutes, likened to the 30th August victory, were

representing the victory of the Red forces? Does it follow that if it's not Red, it

must be dark? Are the free nations ... also the dark nations? According to this

false logic and the voices from Moscow, the new teacher schools that have

replaced the Village Institute are also "dark" teacher schools, because Marx is

not praised here, Moscow's agent Nazim Hikmet's records are not played and

his poems not read. Villagers who have the same rights and responsibilities as

the townspeople are not considered a separate class, and the national unity is

not split and rearranged into social classes.88



When this systematic Marxist propaganda from the Village

Institutes hit the news, the public put great pressure on the

TBMM. Criticism could be heard even from the members of

the CHP. Education Minister Hasan Ali Yucel was sacked and

replaced by R. Semsettin Sirer, who ordered an

investigation into this affair. Here are some excerpts from

Thanks to their the report his assistants prepared, which became a source

materialistic of embarrassment:

content, the poems

of Marxist poet

Nazim Hikmet had Document 1 - 12: In the years between the founding of the

a special place in institute and 1947, girls were frequently harassed by their

the publications of teachers. This document, signed by ministry inspector Ziya

the Village Karamuk, disciplines committee members and head

Institutes.

teachers, further establishing that girls were forcefully

kissed, fondled, molested and in some cases, forced into sexual intercourse.

Some teachers had to marry these girls by the force of law.



Document 2 - 13: On a number of occasions, boys and girls were caught in the

act in the dormitories or on the nearby Kalayci area.



Document 3 - 14: A village schoolteacher, himself a graduate from the Village

Institute, molested and then raped a girl from his class ... it is proven that

students who witness the practices of their teachers, adopt the same unethical

practices after their graduation.



This report offers still more examples of unacceptable practices. Besides the

harassment of girls under the name of sexual freedom, all-night drinking

sessions between teachers and students are recorded. Document 47 states that

"filthy" propaganda was endemic in word and print, and that The Village

Institute Magazine encouraged these unethical sexual practices which in some

cases, even led to incest.



Ministry of Education chief investigator Fethi Isfendiyaroglu states that:



Village Institutes were built in remote areas, away from towns and villages. This

separated students and their parents created an environment well suited for the

unethical suggestions and practices of teachers devoid of morals and patriotism.

More than 40,000 villagers were being conditioned and exposed to left-wing

propaganda and suggestions of sexual freedom. Consequently, some of the

weaker students were poisoned with this filth. Fortunately, most village

students were of solid character and thus endured the Village Institute practices

without coming to harm, left with their decency and morality intact, and

developed hostility towards the these institutions' practices and propaganda.89



Moral degeneration of the people by the atheist, materialistic propaganda was

part of the Masons' strategy. For years, Masonic writers and journalists kept

protesting the closure of these Village Institutes by writing articles in their

support and demanding they be reinstituted. An article in the Mason Dergisi

(Mason Magazine) praises the Village Institute:



The education policies required that the curriculum be of a universal, humanist,

secular and of positivist nature. Religious education had been abolished. The

rural population's education was one of the biggest policy problems facing the

Republic of Turkey. There was urgent need to create an effective education

system to train sufficient numbers of teachers aware of the need for

development and progress within the village population, for methods and

practical solutions to achieve the goals of educating the huge rural population,

and also to implant a sense of belonging and patriotism among the rural

community. The Village Institute was founded for this purpose and, in my

opinion, became the grandest education project in the history of Turkey.90



The same article refers to the Halkevis as "the product of a missionary

mentality." This "mission" was obviously victory in the ongoing Masonic war

against religion since the times of the Templars.



The Masons' War Against Religion



As the preceding chapters established, Masonry has

traditionally represented the anti-religious front. The

Templars, having left Christianity and adopted deranged

teachings, then engaged in their historic war against

Christianity. Over the centuries, the war against religion in

Europe has been fought under the leadership of

Freemasonry, heir to the Templars, operating in Turkey and Islamic scholar

actively trying to impose positivist and materialistic Bediuzzaman Said

Nursi was one of

philosophies on the masses to encourage anti-religious Turkish Masonry's

sentiments. main targets



We can read the Masons' antagonistic views on religion, including their

recommended action plan, in articles printed in their own publications. For

instance, one says, "For as long as the Madrasahs [religious schools] and the

Minarets are not destroyed and the scholastic ideas and dogmatic beliefs not

eliminated, the captivity of thought and suffering in the conscience will

continue."91 From the words of Grand Master Haydar Ali Kermen, Masonry's

dislike of religious institutions becomes obvious::



The totally improper screeching calls to prayer from mosques in the vicinity of

the Parliament, are nothing but a scream saying, "I'm not dead and I'm not

going to die." They should be understood as a wake-up call to all intellectuals of

this nation and a call to duty.92



The Islamic call to prayer is a "screeching" reminder to the Masons, calling

them to duty. To silence the religion that's declaring "I'm not dead" is their

greatest duty.



In their fight against religion and religious morality, Masons have used a

number of different strategies. The Halkevi and the Village Institute were two of

these. Yet others were Mason-controlled media and book publishing. Beginning

with Abdullah Cevdet, the Masons have continued this tradition in the

Republican period with authors like Cemil Sena Ongun and Orhan Hancerlioglu,

both master Masons of the highest degree. In Hz. Muhammed'in Felsefesi

(Prophet Mohammed's Philosophy), Cemil Sena Ongun writes-indirectly but very

insistently-that the Prophet Mohammed (may God bless him and grant him

peace) invented Islam. (We absolve Islam of such allegations) In books like

Toplumbilim Sozlugu (Dictionary of Social Sciences) and Islam Inanclari Sozlugu

(Dictionary of Islamic Beliefs), both used as references at universities, Grand

Master Orhan Hancerlioglu slanders religious authorities and makes unfounded

allegations against people of religious importance in his quest to further his

atheist and anti-religious views. As a result of all these Masonic theories and

propaganda, whole generations of atheist intellectuals have arisen. Because

they adopt a materialistic and anti-religionist world view and believe in Darwin's

theory of evolution like a religion, they believe themselves to be progressive

and science-oriented. But in reality they live in ignorance, and arrogance is

their trademark.



The Masons' activities to separate the Turkish people from their religion has

another dimension: oppression. A little booklet by the lodge says that "Hidden

cultural elements of Islamic origin in our society wish to reintroduce Islamic

culture. Their existence must be denied, but we must find methods to crush

them."93



Such Masonic "methods" can be found behind the persecution of great Islamic

thinkers like Sehbenderzade Filibeli Ahmed Hamdi, Iskilipli Atif Hoca,

Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and Suleyman Hilmi Tunahan in the last century. In

various parts of his book Risale-i Nur, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi refers to the

forces opposing Islam:



... the greatest damage to the nation and to Islam has been done by Masonry,

Communism and atheism.94



... Masonry, Communism and atheism create anarchy, and the only thing that

can stop these forces is Islamic unity and the guidance of the Qur'an.95



On another occasion, Bediuzzaman says about the Masons' animosity to

religion:



A certain group, intent on severing the 1,000-year-old link of the Muslim Turks

to their religious values, says; "We no longer believe in God as the purpose. We

have created our own purpose. Our purpose is not God, but Mankind."96



This quote of Bediuzzaman's can be traced to an article printed in Mesriki Azam

Ictimai Zabitlari (Grand Lodge Inner Proceedings) in 1923. The "certain group"

Bediuzzaman referred to is undoubtedly the Masons, with their belief in secular

humanism.



In Risale-i Nur, this great thinker mentions the personal enmity, injustices and

oppression the Masons subjected him to:



The sufferings I have to endure here in one day are more than what was done

to me in one month while I was in Eskisehir. They have sent a callous Mason

who does his best to get me to the point where I can't endure the torture any

longer and I say, "Enough," so they can then justify their lies.97



In Bediuzzaman's Son Sahitler (Last Witnesses) he explains that he was

imprisoned unlawfully because of the Masons and tells of the hardship and

sufferings they made him endure. In Fourteenth Ray, he refutes the allegations

made against him by the hostile Masons. The court did not accept the view that

Bediuzzaman had secret enemies, but he replied that the court was wrong and

that Masons and Communists regarded him as their sworn enemy. He went on

to say that his mission in the Risale-i Nur Collection had been only to prove the

existence of God and to protect Islamic faith against the anti-religion

movement.



From closer inspection of a letter he wrote, it is evident that the forces behind

the campaign against him were Masons and Communists:



I took a look at politics three times in recent times. As I said in my defense,

two-faced elements in the pay of the Masons and the Communists used bribery

and pressure to mete out torture on me in order to crush my resistance. But

now I'm feeling a new breeze in society, though I couldn't look any closer, for

my profession forbids this.98



Bediuzzaman was explaining that his specific mission was to save faith, to fight

against Masonry, irreligion, and the anti-religion lobby. With these famous

words, he advised his pupils to be positive, because their struggle would be

rewarded with success and Islam would be the strongest voice in the land:

"Yes, be hopeful! The loudest and strongest voice in the coming upheavals and

changes will be that of Islam!" 99



Since Bediuzzaman's era, the Masons, fearing that Islam would again be "the

loudest and strongest voice in the land," have continued their war of

propaganda against religion. This war actually began in the 14th century with

the Templars in Europe, and the Masonic organization continues to fight it with

oppressive policies around the globe, as well as in Turkey.



As examined in previous chapters, the Templar-Masonry organization engages

in illegal activities for political and economical gain, and Turkish Masons operate

along the same lines as their foreign brothers.



P-2s of Turkey:Secret Lodges

One of Masonry's unchanged, fundamental principles is secrecy, concealing their

activities since the times of the Templars, who successfully hid their real

activities behind the façade of a religious Christian order, while worshipping an

idol named Baphomet;having left Christianity for a self-made faith of a perverse

nature, engaging in abnormal sexual practices, and managing to keep secret

that they were de facto enemies of Christ. Masonry inherited their tradition of

secrecy and created the image of a charitable cultural and ethical organization

with no political interests. But the importance Masonry attaches to secrecy

contradicts this. Why would an innocent charitable foundation have such a strict

policy of secrecy?



In an article in Mimar Sinan, Mason Uner Birkan writes that, "Masonry too can

take an interest in social affairs, thereby presenting itself as a charitable

organization."100



To some extent, the methods of secrecy Masonry employs to cover up its real

activities are explained in Masonic publishing. For example the Anderson's

Constitutions (sort of a constitution of Freemasonry), under the subsection "Of

Behavior," reads as follows:



You shall be cautious in your Words and Carriage, that the most penetrating

Stranger shall not be able to discover or find out what is not proper to be

intimated.101



A Masonic lodge

decorated with pagan

symbols of ancient

Egypt. Note the

Templars' cross

embroidered on the

chair on the left side.

Another Masonic lodge

decorated with

symbols of ancient

Greece and pagan

Rome.









The Masonic journal Sakul Gibi (Like a Plummet) explains this rule:



Bees cannot work unless in darkness…Your left hand must not know what your

right hand does. Symbols are effective in the countless purposes of secrecy,

and also in greater things.102



The Mason Dergisi (Masonic Magazine) for March 1993 states, "it is strictly

forbidden to talk about ritualistic activities outside the lodge." In Issue 11 of

Buyuk Sark (Grand Orient), another Masonic publicaton, it says, "It is wholly

unethical to reveal the symbols and things done and discussed in the lodge; it is

treachery against the cause and oath of Freemasonry." The Masons' "secrecy

oath" proves the importance of absolute discretion within the organization. The

second-degree apprentice rite goes like this:



Ipromise and swear that I will always hele, ever conceal, and never reveal any

of the secret arts, parts or points of the hidden mysteries of Freemasonry,

which may have been heretofore, shall be at this time, or any future period

communicated to me as such, to any person or persons whomsoever, except it

be to a true and lawful brother Mason, or within a regularly constituted Lodge of

such, and not unto him or them, until by strict trial, due examination, or legal

information, Ishall have found him or them as lawfully entitled to the same as I

am myself.



I furthermore promise and swear that I will not write, print, paint, stamp, stain,

cut, carve, mark or engrave them, or cause the same to be done, upon

anything movable or immovable, capable of receiving the least impression of a

word, syllable, letter or character, which may become legible or intelligible to

any person under the canopy of heaven, and the secrets of Freemasonry

thereby unlawfully obtained through my unworthiness.103

A Masonic lodge in America, dominated by oriental motifs









What secret are the Masons are so sensitive about? The answer to this question

was revealed by the P-2 Lodge in Italy. Behind a front of a charitable and

ethical organization, they were engaged in illegal activities for political and

economical gain.



But other lodges doing so are not visible. Again, lodges are separated into two

categories: known lodges and the secret ones like the P-2. Unlike the usual

lodges, these have no known addresses, and are disguised so that you can't see

their existence. For this purpose, the P-2 occupied part of Licio Gelli's villa,

which was located in a remote area. Italy's famous politicians, bureaucrats,

businessmen and media bosses couldn't have attended the P-2's lodge meetings

without secrecy, for otherwise, the organization would soon have been

discovered.



The secret of Turkey's P-2 lies hidden in this fact: Only a small part of the

Freemasonry's activities are known officially and in the public domain. There are

a number of officially well-known lodges in Istanbul's Nuru Ziya street and in

Tepebasi, but the organizational brain lies hidden in the secret lodges, hidden

away where no one would suspect them-in the cellars of mansions belonging to

the Grand Masters, in secret bunkers under factories and the headquarters of

large holding companies, accessed through entrances concealed behind

mirrored glass and wardrobe doors. The secret members of these lodges can

thus look as if they were attending a business meeting or simple social

gathering among friends without drawing attention. The highest-ranking Turkish

Masons belong to these lodges and frequently receive their fellow brothers from

Tel-Aviv, Chicago, or Paris to share decisions taken by the international lodges

and coordinate future actions with their local brothers in Turkey. If these lodges

were investigated, a number of documents would be found confirming their

connections and illegal activities.

Recently, some of the strange rites taking place in these lodges caught the

attention of the media. These rites prove that the forbidden Templars live on in

Turkey today and practice the same perverted rituals as they did six centuries

ago.



Footage from the Lodge: Templars' Secret Rites on the Screen



1997 was a hard year for the Masons. Footage filmed inside two separate

lodges by hidden cameras was shown on Channel 7 of Turkey repeatedly for

days. The scenes captured shocked the Turkish people as well as the Grand

Masters of Freemasonry. Some footage recorded the Satan-worshipping rite

that can be practiced only at the 33rd degree Grand Master level. The Grand

Master conducting the ritual was drinking the blood of a goat killed in the

middle of the lodge, and ending the ceremony by offering prayers in Hebrew to

Satan. In another scene, as part of a Masonic ritual, two new Masons had

swords pushed against their chests and were threatened with death. In yet

another scene filmed in the same lodge, a Masonic "marriage ceremony" was

being conducted-something that Freemasonry had always denied as non-

existent.



After the airing of this footage, Freemasonry made

the center of the news for days. Some newspapers

and magazines had also obtained relevant material.

Some of the media coverage read:



The 7th of January, Monday. It's the 1900 hours

news on Channel 7. The main news stories of the

day are listed, one after the other, and then the

bomb is dropped: footage of rites showing Masons

of the 33rd degree. What the Masons are, who they

serve, and what kind of activities they engage in, is

known but, because of their policy of total secrecy,

cannot be exposed. But that's exactly what is being

done on the screen! Shocking scenes of a lodge

that only the highest-ranking bureaucrats and

other select personalities can attend. Music playing,

Satan worship, white robes, swords, a six-pointed

star and a slaughtered goat. The blood of the goat fills a bowl; its head is

burned on a spit, to the Hebrew prayers of the Grand Master. These strange

scenes took place in the middle of Turkey, in Istanbul. Oaths of a strange and

confusing content: "Honorable Kadosh Knights, if you break your oath, may

your body be torn to pieces by wild horses [and] turned to ashes, the ashes

blown away by winds blowing from the four directions…"

Channel 7 had penetrated the most secret of secret societies and, presumably,

were expecting to get the credit for achieving this "world's first." But they were

stunned at the silence of the mainstream Turkish media. Instead of basking in

the glory of this incredible journalistic achievement, they were perplexed by the

silence that greeted it. No other channel aired the footage; no newspaper gave

it any columns. Total silence. With the practice of getting married by the Imam

in the current headlines, the Masonic marriage ritual should have been of

interest.



The footage shot by Channel 7 with a hidden camera actually explains the

reason for this silence: Freemasonry's initiation ceremony is almost like a

religious ritual. Candidates are made to wait in a chamber that the camera

could not enter, and then have to bend down so as to pass under a bar. While

blindfolded, they feel a sword thrust against their chest and are asked to touch

it. "If you reveal what you have learned here, you will bear the consequences."

The message is clear. When the blindfold is removed, before they do or say

anything, all the brothers facing them make the cut-throat sign.104



For days now, Channel 7 is airing footage of Freemasonry. This is a journalistic

first... Via the secret camera, footage of a Masonic lodge's initiation ritual is

made public. The Masonic front, despite being asked to respond by the media,

keeps total silence. Though scenes from inside the oldest and most secretive

sect in European history are being aired by Channel 7, no other TV channel

takes up the subject. Despite the incredible scenes in the footage, no reaction,

no response, nothing. The media ignores the whole thing… Could the oath of

secrecy taken by the new recruits on acceptance into the lodge-who go on to

become influential and important personalities-be playing a role in this media

blackout?105



After the Masons' spectacular TV debut, two former Masons who had left the

lodge years ago-Mumin Kilic and Onder Aktac-went in front of the cameras to

make statements about the dirty practices of Masonry. This issue was also

discussed in the Turkish Parliament. Tokat MP Ahmet Fevzi Inceoz requested

that the Interior Ministry begin an inquiry into Masonic lodges. Based on the

footage shown on TV he reasoned:



As seen in the footage, the Masonic Society threatens national security and

interests. In these lodges, citizens are threatened, illegal marriage ceremonies

are conducted, and monies are collected and spent, and unlicensed weapons

kept. They operate outside the control and regulations of the security forces,

maintain their operational headquarters outside the country, clearly represent a

threat to the state-and must therefore be closed down.



But to no avail. The Masons didn't respond in any way, and the media they

control kept quiet about the affair. Thus the media moved on to other themes

and subjects. Today's Templars, still addressing each other as "Kadosh Knights"

managed once more to remain underground as they had for centuries.



The Templars and the Mafia



To understand the Masonic activities in one country, one can take a look at

another and draw comparisons. Since Masonry is an international organization

operating everywhere under the same rules and principles, scandals in one

country can provide insights into what might be going on in another.



One enlightening example shows the close relationship between the Italian

Masons and the Mafia. The P-2 investigation revealed that the two are very

much interlinked, and the Italian prosecutors' "Clean Hands" operation of the

1990s, while managing to clear up the Mafia to some extent, proved the links

between it and Masonry. The parliamentary commission in charge of the Mafia

investigation (Commissione Parlamentare Antimafia) said in its report:



The fundamental terrain on which the link between Cosa Nostra [Mafia] with

public officials and private professions was created and reinforced is the

Massoneria [Freemasonry]. The Massoneria bond serves to keep the

relationship continuous and organic. The admission of members of Cosa Nostra,

even at high levels, in Massoneria is not an occasional or episodical one, but a

strategic choice. . . Massoneria associations offer the mafia a formidable

instrument to extend their own power, to obtain favors and priveleges in every

field:both for the conclusion of big business and "fixing trials", as many

collaborators of justice have revealed.106









Turkish Masonic lodges are subordinate to lodges in Tel-Aviv, Chicago

and Paris and follow directives according to the chain of command.



what is the situation like in Turkey, a country with cultural, historical and

sociological similarities to Italy? Is the relationship between Mafia and Masonry

the same as in Italy? In recent years, Turkish government officials have given

some answers to this question while investigating the Susurluk Case, which

revealed the country's politician-Mafia-police relationship. After a traffic

accident, it was discovered that a deputy, Istanbul's police chief, and a man

implicated in various terrorist attacks and sought by the local police and the

yields of the Turkish Parliament Susurluk Commission's inquiry, MP Hayrettin

Dilekcan made this statement:



In Italy, they had the P-2 Lodge. We can now say that something similar to the

P-2 exists in Turkey ... To call the present case a Mafia scandal would not do it

justice. You cannot call the P-2 case a simple Mafia affair. The lodges are ruling

in Turkey. If some people want to take a serious position, the decisions about it

are made in the lodges. For as long as these lodges cannot be overcome,

Turkey will not progress easily… In the P-2 case, the lodge was in effect

"appointing" the Prime Minister and the ministers… In Turkey, they have

reached the level of power and influence where they determine the leaders of

political parties. The rest I leave to your imaginations.107









Knights Templars in Jerusalem (opposite page). A model of Jerusalem,

as it was when the Temple of Solomon was first built.









MP and spokesman of the Susurluk Commission, Bedri Incetahtaci:



We now have in Turkey something we cannot ascribe a name to. But the Gladio

affair in Italy-where there was a state within the state and behind that, there

was the lodge-will help us find a name for what we have in our own country. We

know that this organization exists, and we also know the things they have done.

There are similarities between theirs and ours…108



In short, the investigating commission found strong evidence that the lodge was

the organizing force behind these cases and reported this in their conclusive

papers.









Opposite page:. An engraving depicting the construction of Solomon's

Temple. Centuries later, the Knights Templar settled down on this

temple's ruins. The illustration below depicts the architects and

master builders presenting plans of the Temple to Solomon .

Even though the Order of Knights Templar was founded with Christian

intentions, after settling on Jewish land, it soon gave in to worldly

temptations. Templars adopted the Jewish traditions of amassing gold

and silver and founded the first usury and racketeering network,

reaching from the Middle East to Europe. No single king could match

the Templars' power or wealth. Their greed, weakness for debauchery,

their dark and secretive way of life became increasingly noticeable.

Revelations of their intrigues and perverse practices became common

knowledge, leading to opposition and eventually to their end.









An old view of the holy city of Jerusalem, home to many historic events and

civilizations



ehind the corruption, injustices and persecution of innocent people in Turkey

are the modern day Knights Templars or, if you prefer, the Masons. They are

manipulating the country for their political and economical purposes, and in

order to achieve their goals they never hesitate to adopt dark and dirty

methods. And all the religious voices who oppose Masonry and their philosophy

are targeted, slandered, pressurized and persecuted.



or this reason, everyone who believes in the moral values of Islam must make a

stand against the activities of the modern Templars. This anti-religion and gain-

orientated organization must be combated by the use of the law, and also on an

ideological and philosophical platform. We must be aware of their propaganda.



We believe that this ideological struggle will be won and that Turkey will be a

strong and modern state in the 21st century with her moral values.



BACK TO INTRODUCTION





72 Mimar Sinan (A Turkish Mason Magazine), no. 15 pp. 105-106.

73 Mimar Sinan, no. 5, p. 94.

74 From the original text of the book Tanzimat Edebiyatina Fransiz Edebiyati

Tesiri (The Effect of French Literature on Tanzimat Literature) by Cevdet Perin

75 Resat Atabek, Mimar Sinan, no. 60 p. 9.

76 Buxton, Turkey in Revolution, London 1909; Mustafa Yalcin, Jon Turklerin

Seruveni (The Adventure of Young Turks), Ilke Publishing, 1994, Istanbul, p.

123.

77 Ilhami Soysal, Dunyada ve Turkiye'de Masonluk ve Masonlar (Freemasonry

and Freemasons in Turkey and in the World), Der Publications, Istanbul, 1980,

3rd. ed., pp. 235-236.

78 Turkiyede'ki Masonluk Tarihi (The History of Freemasonry in Turkey),

Kemalettin Apak pp. 34-35.

79 Sukru Hanioglu, Dr. Abdullah Cevdet ve Donemi, (Dr. Abdullah Cevdet and

His Period), p. 21.

80 Tanzimattan Cumhuriyete Turkiye Ansiklopedisi, (Encyclopedia of Turkey

from the Tanzimat Period to the Republican Period), v. 2, p. 368.

81 Tevhid-i Efkar (A Turkish Journal), April 21, 1922.

82 Abdullah Cevdet, Akli Selim (A Turkish Journal).

83 Yeni Nesil (A Turkish Journal), November 15, 1983.

84 Doc. Dr. Anil Cecen, Halkevleri, p. 115.

85 Behcet Kemal Caglar, Halkevleri, 1935, p. 1.

86 Kemalettin Apak, Turkiye'de Masonluk Tarihi (The History of Freemasonry in

Turkey).

87 Mehmet Basaran, Koy Enstituleri (Village Institutes), p. 32.

88 Tercuman (A Turkish Daily), April 23, 1960.

89 Havadis (A Turkish Daily), July 23, 1960.

90 Mason Dergisi (Masonic Journal), January 1995, no. 93, p. 30.

91 Ulku Muht. Mahfili 1952-1953, Suha Selcuk Printing House.

92 Buyuk Ustad Haydar Ali Kermen Hatirasi Brosuru (A Turkish Booklet), Birlik

Tek:. Muh:. Mahfili Publications, no. 1, p. 10.

93 Bilgi Locasi Nesriyati (A Publication of the Bilgi Lodge), no.1, Kurtuncu

Printing House, Ankara, p. 74.

94 Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, Risale-i Nur Collection, Beyanat ve Tenvirler

(Declarations and Illuminations), p. 77.

95 Ibid., p. 21.

96 Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, Risale-i Nur Collection, Son Sahitler (Last

Witnesses), p. 272.

97 Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, Risale-i Nur Collection, Rays, 14th Ray.

98 Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, Risale-i Nur Collection, Emirdag Lahikasi (Emirdag

Letters), p. 15.

99 Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, Risale-i Nur Collection, Sunuhat, 47;

http://www.sozler.com.tr/symposium/3/symp3_adavudoglu.htm.

100 Uner Birkan, Mimar Sinan, no. 104, 1997, p. 63.

101 Phoenixmasonry Masonic Museum, 1769 Edition of Anderson's Book of

Constitutions,

www.phoenixmasonry.org/masonicmuseum/1769_andersons_constitutions.htm

102 Sakul Gibi (A Turkish Masonic Journal), 3/25, p. 20.

103 The Three Degrees of Freemasonry, Entered Apprentice Degree, First

Section with Oath,









www.scripturecatholic.com/apprentice_first_section.html

104 Fehmi Koru, Zaman (A Turkish Daily), January 18, 1997.

105 Sukru Kanber, Milli Gazete (A Turkish Daily), January 17, 1997.

106 Commissione Parlamentare d'inchiesta sul fenomeno della Mafia e sulle

altre associazioni criminali similari, Relazione sui Rapporti tra Mafia e Politica,

Roma, 1993, p. 59.

107 Selam (A Turkish Daily), Gundem "Susurlukta ikinci bolum" (2nd. Chapter

in Susurluk), Cevdet Kiliclar, August 30 - September 5, 1998.

108 Milli gazete, Mustafa Yilmaz, September 24, 1997







Theunjustmedia.com

FREEMASONS CONTROL THE

WORLD!!

(Thank You Matt Groening)

They do not, however, have a secret alliance with satan, at least not to my knowledge.

Although the activities they involve themselves with, would by most people's opinions,

(if known) classify as Satanic. They are involved (in the higher levels) in magic and a

high percentage of those in Black Magic.



(If they don't control the world, then why are they trying to control the

"Freemasonry Watch" website, by having it shut down)

Click Here!! - To read the e-mail conversation between the masons and the

web-hosting company that was serving Freemasonry-Watch and the person

who runs the website. - Click Here!! (Just added 3-24-01)





Here I would like to add a comment : Neither this Page nor

this website is meant to be "Anti-Masonic". I do not hate

the Masons. To the contrary, I have alot of respect for the

ingeniousness of their "design". This is what makes it all

the more challenging to expose. And challenges are what

life is all about. I believe that if the Masons are going to

"Push" humanity to it's potential, enough to put "strain" on

the spirit of Humanity, by manipulating and influencing

world events behind the scenes, then they at least deserve

to held to the highest standard possible when it comes to

"responsibility" for their actions. This means simply, that

they deserve to be exposed and have the full "Light of Day"

shined on them. This way, they will truly "HAVE TO"

work towards the overall "Good", because if they don't,

then it's the "Front Page of the Newspaper" for them!!

Masonry itself is not what is bad, but it's means to an end,

it's secretiveness and subversion and alot of it's members all

contribute to the overall evil that emits from it as an

organization. (All Masons are not bad people)

Except for Edward L. King. He is the owner of a website (Masonic Secrets)

that attempts (pathetically) to discredit the anti-masonic point of view. He tries

(desperately) to keep people from thinking there is anything wrong with

Freemasonry, to the point where he misinforms and even lies about what is

going on. He must realize that I have the truth about freemasonry on my

website and he MUST try to discredit me at all costs. He has me listed as

someone "opposed" to Freemasonry. This is his address for those wishing to

write him : King, Edward L. (MASONICINFO-DOM) , P.O. Box 816, Bangor,

ME 04402-0816, US



It is these kind of sneaky, underhanded tactics that Masons have always used to

try to dissuade the masses from realizing their ultimate goal. That is why they

have attacked me and my website at this time. They have already "taken out"

all the freeserver sites that host "opposing info", mostly from buying them all

out and forcing the websites off. This is an outright and blatent attempt to try to

put pressure on me to remove info. they have been trying to get me to remove

since the site went up. This will not work and will only backfire on them since I

am only going to expose their dirty, rotten, tactics for all to see. If you were

opposed to the views of the NRA or the PTA, or the many Woman's rights

groups etc., would you expect them to take your "private name" and plaster it

on the web in order to try to "disprove" you? Ask yourself this question, all

freedom loving Americans...Would you expect the group you voice opposition

to, to take your name and try to slander you, personally on their websites???



1st Secret Revealed : Dedicated to Edward L. King (Reptile-at-Large) (who,

were it not for this unique individual, this information would never have come

to light)

"While I was working on Venice Beach, I was approached by a young girl,

roughly the age of 19. She was a street girl, like a punk, but she had this very

nice charm about her. She was a little chubby, and very cheerful. Anyways, she

saw my Mason books on the booth and asked about them. We started a

conversation and before long she was telling me about her grandfather and how

he was a really high-up Mason. She told me that she, herself had escaped from

a "drug-house" run by members of the Golden Dawn and Masons out of

Pasadena or somewhere. She talked about how she now rescues these

youngsters from these places. She described in detail to me, how these young

kids were kidnapped or lured there with drugs, and they were kept at these

places against their will. They are kept, she said, in a drugged-out state, usually

on heroin or speed and deprived of food and nourishment until they agree to do

things for more drugs. Then they are taken out and prostituted by these fellows

in the Mason and Golden Dawn groups. This was not the most fascinating part,

though, because I had heard of several stories of related incidents over the

years, through my studies, but what did surprise me was when she told me that

her Grandfather kept a book that she once peeked into. It was with his Masonic

possessions in a box in the attic. She said it was a "Spiritual Family" chart that

showed the "magical children" from secret masonic "spiritual marriages". She

told me that she learned that these marriages were often kept secret from the

wives of these Masons. (I wonder what they would think if they knew). These

masons were apparantly secretly married to women members of the golden

dawn etc. who were selected from higher masonic authorities. I have never

heard of this before this girl told me and I doubt many others have either, but

this incident happened and I don't have any reason not to believe her. We talked

about many things and she seemd to have a good handle on reality". "



I have many more secrets to expose, but I don't feel "inclined" at this time to do

so, but I'm sure with a little encouragement from people like Mr. Edward L.

King Reptile, I'm sure I could sit down and write a few more for you all. If you

write him and thank him for making available the secrets he already has, and let

him know that you appreciate it, i'm sure he will pester me some more and I

will continue to reveal their "dirty little secrets". It should be written as follows

: "Dear King Edward, may I apply to you, oh lord, ruler of our kingdom, for

permission to learn more masonic secrets and permission to publish those

secrets on the internet for millions to view, without who's permission by your

highness, I would be left to fend for my own conscience in the vast wilderness

of delusional masonic propaganda thou has left for us pitiful servants, oh

master" - or something to that effect...well, you get the point..just be nice,

remember, reptiles have feelings too, ...or do they?









To understand Freemasonry thoroughly one must study it intensely. It is not an easily

understood practice.

It can be simply explained though.

(1) It is Symbolic. There are various symbols associated with Freemasonry and these

symbols each have

meanings, histories and explanations.

(2) It operates on various levels or (Degrees) so one level doesn't always know what the

level above

it is involved with or knowledgable of.

(3) It operates in Secrecy, which to them is power. The less you and I know about them,

the more

powerful they are over us. This gives the Masons motivation to stay secretive. This also

is the general cause of so much disinformation from various "religious sources". Because

of the various degrees and secrecy combined, there

are alot of Masons that don't know very much about the power and influence of

Freemasonry in the world.



The Freemasons are also NOT the MAIN SOURCE of the Powerplayers. It is only a

launching pad or pedestal to the next step or (cross)-initiation into other secret societies.

In actuality the membership of alot of Freemasonry may be obtained, therefore most

obviously the main power would not lie JUST HERE. Membership in several of the KEY

secret societies is

more important overall in the GAME of POWER.



Now, with that said, it is also important to note that the ENTIRE SYSTEM and POWER

STRUCTURE in the U.S. as well as THE WORLD and all CORPORATIONS are based

on



Freemasonry Exclusively!!

"And the rules of the road have been 'lodged', it's only people's games you got

to dodge,

but it's all right ma, it's life and life only" - Bob Dylan





Thomas Paine Writing on Freemasonry - New! Click

Here!









(1) The 1st symbol on the list above is the typical "Square and Compass" of

Freemasonry with the "G" in the middle. The "Square" is a Geometric Symbol.

"His testimony doesn't 'square' with the facts of the case". "When you go to jail

they give you 3 'square' meals." More on the number "3" below. "The meeting

will be held at the Town 'Square'." If you're not cool, they say you're a

"Square". Remember to play "fair and square". " The Square is everywhere!



The Compass represents geometry and building. It is a Mason's tool. It

measures by "Degrees". "When you graduate college, you recieve a 'Degree'."

You are also called an "Alumni" for "Illuminated" or "Illuminati". Well,

who do you think set up that University. The Freemasons and Illuminati, of

course.

If you get in their way, "they will put you through the 3rd Degree". The 3rd

Degree, by the way was the highest degree in Freemasonry in the Blue Lodge

for centuries up until the mid-18th century. Still today, many don't pursue

anyhigher than the 3rd degree.









(2) The "Shriners" symbol. The Top part is a moon turned sideways.

Underneath, the star represents the Sun. Shriners are 33rd Degree Freemasons.

Note : How many of you saw the new Austin Powers

movie "The Spy who Shagged Me" and caught the part

with the Shriner wearing the "Fez" Cap that was chasing

Austin in the car? Austin even makes a comment about the

"Fez"

cap giving him away. He states he cannot reveal the

hideout of Dr. Evil unless asked 3 times. And then states he

does not like being asked anything 3 times.

(3) The Double-headed Eagle. Represents dominion over the East and the

West. The Eagle represents many things in itself, but it is actually taken from

the "Phoenix". Look at the Flag of Albania, it is a double-headed Phoenix. The

"Phoenix" symbology will be explained elsewhere.









Recently, in the Movie "Eyes Wide Shut", which is about a secret society, when Tom

Cruise is

ultimately confronted with the person who is in charge of the ceremony, he is asked to

"Take

Off His Clothes" The person who is in charge, that says this to him, is sitting in a peculiar

"Throne"

looking chair. This chair has a "Double Headed Eagle" with the World above it. This

clearly

represented "World Freemasonry", and was a Masonic Ritual that Cruise had stumbled

onto.





(4) The Knights Templars "Cross and the Crown" symbol. A frequent Masonic

symbol often seen on churches or religious literature. Such as the "Bible Tract

Watchtower" magazine of the Jehovah's Witness. Charles Tess Russell was a

32nd Degree Freemason. As well as Mary Baker Eddy's Christian Science.

Her husband was a Freemason. This symbol can be found on the side of

USC Medical Center. The Cross represents the "Cross of the Zodiac" or the

Seperation of the four seasons. The Crown represents the SUN dying on the

cross of the zodiac. See Religion Page for a little more detail.



(8) The 8th symbol is the "Order of the Eastern Star" also a Masonic Group,

although for Women.The Pentagram is a Female Symbol. It represents the

Occultation of Venus by the Sun that lays out the 2 dimensional pattern of a

Pentagram. More on this Elsewhere.



(10) The 10th symbol is the Rainbow Girls. A Masonic Organization for

Women.



Our government in this country is based entirely on Freemasonry. Take a

look at a "Pentagram". What is inside of a pentagram? A Pentagon. Our

Military operates from the "Pentagon". Why do you think that is. If you look

over Washington D.C. the streets are laid out in a "Pentagram" with the White

House

at the base!! Also the streets that outline the Pentagram are all named after the

New England colonies, but none of the other streets are. Why is the center of

England called "White Hall" and the center of America the "White House"?

Does it have to do with the Black/White magic of Egypt? Why are the police

cars black and white? To See a Copy of the Original Layout of

Washington D.C. Click Here.









AAAAAAAA



The Number "3" : The main degrees in Freemasonry are the first 3. This

is called the "Blue Lodge" and represented by the 3 steps of the base of the

pyramid. Probably the most important aspect of the number 3 is the "Trinity".

The Beginning of life, Horus, the rising Sun or the Dawn, the Peak of the Sun,

12:00 Noon, representing midlife, and the "Set-ting" of the sun , when the

Sun dies before it is reborn the following morning. Basically, we have morning,

noon and night. The number 3 has been placed by the Freemasons in very

important places in our society and culture : "3 strikes and your out" in

Baseball.

When they send you to the slammer you "recieve 3 square meals". I already

mentioned "You will be put through the 3rd Degree". The Genie of the lamp

grants you "3 wishes". There are "3 branches of government".









The Number "13" : There are 13 red and white stripes in the American

Flag. There are 13 stars in this flag above, representing the original 13

Colonies. There were 13 original colonies in America. Look on the back of the

"Dollar Bill". There are 13 levels in the Pyramid, which incidentally is the

"Seal of the

Illuminati of Bavaria". There are 13 letters in "Annuit Coeptis". On the

reverse side of the Seal, there are 13 bars in the Banner shield of the Eagle. The

Eagle is holding 13 arrows in it's right claw and there are 13 olive leaves in it's

left claw. There are 13 stars on the top above the Eagle's head and there are 13

letters in "E Plurabus Unum" on the ribbon clentched in the Eagle's jaw.



Everyone knows that Friday the 13th is supposed to be an unlucky day, but

why, and unlucky for who? The Grand Master of the Knights Templar, (which

is another story in itself and can be found here), Jacques de Moley was tried

and burned at the stake for being a heretic. This was a secret move by the

Priory of Sion to get even for betraying them in the trust of their Gold. This

persecution actually happened and it occured on Friday March 13, 1314. This

was a very unlucky day for Jacques de Moley.



Another not-so-well-known fact is that the reason for the 13 colonies in the

beginning is due to there being "13 Degrees" in Freemasonry in the York Rite

when the colonies were being established. The reason for the 13 ultimately is

the 12 seasons of the Zodiac + the "Sun", the Light of the World, make 13. It

was

said that Jesus had 12 helpers or apostles. Jesus, being the "Sun" had 12 Houses

to enter into. That particular "Age" or house was Pisces, the fish, hence "Jesus

the Fisher".

In this picture above, there are 13 arms uniting around a heart. This was an

early Masonic Emblem of the 13 Colonies.









This Harp on the Back of an $8 Colonial Note has 13 Strings.









There are 13 circles and 13 Star-Points on this Colonial Currency designed by

Benjamin Franklin.





And, Apollo 13, the Moon Landing HOAX of 1969.



Probably the most important, but not as apparent, would be the original 13

moon calender. The original Mayan calander is a 13 moon calender, or 13

month calender. If you take the extra days in all the months after 28, you will

have another 28 extra days, surprise, you now have an extra month, and this

corresponds to the 13 month luner cycle each "true" year. I have been told, this

is the Serpent or Dragon month. That would tie in the "Serpent race/cult"

theories.



The Number "32" : is also very important in Freemasonry. There were

only 32 Degrees in the

Scottish Rite,, until Albert Pike introduced the 33rd Degree in 1832. Since then,

"33" has become very

important. But, still there are signs of the "32" in our society. For instance

water liquifies after "32"

Degrees. Was Fahrenheit a Mason? Probably. Where did we get the idea of

"Degrees" to measure heat.

I think it had something to do with Jaques De Moley being burned at the stake

in 1314. The "Heat" of

fire would later be measured in degrees. Unless someone can point out that they

used the term

"Degrees" to measure heat back in the 1100's and 1200's, which I highly doubt.





The Number "33" : The highest degree in Freemasonry, except for

several French lodges or Grant Orient lodges, which are said to have 99 or so

degrees.

The "Sun" sets at 33 degrees and Jesus is supposed to have died at 33. What

a coincidence. The 33rd degree was added by Albert Pike, a high ranking

Mason who established the Scottish Rite of the Southern Jurisdiction in 1832.

He was also the founder of the early KKK in the South.



AA and the 12-step program. Look at the logo for AA (Alcoholics

Anonymous) and look at the logo for the Grand Lodge of Zurich. A common

symbolism in Freemasonry is the "Triangle inside the Circle".









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The Torch that is carried in the Olympics is Masonic. It is called the "Torch

of Enlightenment". The French Grand Orient Temple Masons gave the U.S. the

"Statue of Liberty". She is holding the Masonic "Torch of Enlightenment".

Also referred to back in the 1700's by the Illuminati Masons as the "Flaming

Torch of Reason". The Torch represents the "Sun" in the sky. A quote by

Weishaupt, founder of the Illuminati. Dispelling the clouds of superstition with the

"flaming torch of Reason". (This is a reference to the silly childish nature of religion and

it's moral dogmas and the relation of Jesus Christ to the LITERAL SUN). This may not be a

big deal to you, but it IS to the Masons.









The Sun of Reason and the clouds of superstition refer to the Light of the

World

the literal Sun of God, that was the center of worship in the ancient world for

thousands of years. The Masons know that Jesus never lived as a man, but was

an interpretation of the Solar religion. There was also the Lunar religion. The

Solar was masculine while the Lunar was feminine. Both of these

understandings

were at the center point of religion everywhere in the world. They still are

today.

The christians claim that these were Pagan religions and that they were a denial

of

the true Savior. Call them what you want to, Pagan or whatever, they were the

ORIGINAL RELIGIONS of the World long before someone named Jesus was

ever supposed to have been around. So does that mean that everyone that lived

before Jesus was doomed no matter what?



Anyways, this is what the Freemasons had to deal with for several hundred

years

under the authorities of Europe who wanted to use religion to control people

and

dictate their morals, behavior and thought. And as far as the true Savior is

concerned, the "Sun of God", the "Light of the World" is ALL SALVATION

BECAUSE HE HAS RISEN. That makes the Sun of God, the Light of the

World,

the RISEN SAVIOUR and that's all there is to it. End of discussion. Goto

Religion



This, along with other religious elements like Mushrooms and Volcanos, is the

real secret the Freemasons have against Humanity, believe it or not. Our lack of

knowledge has been used against us by the secret brotherhood for centuries in

America and all over Europe even going back to Egypt. Very simple

knowledge

turned into a complicated financial religious scheme has done in cultures and

millions of people worldwide. Spiritually, there is somewhat of a religion in

Masonry at it's roots, which is a study of cultural philosophy, wisdom, higher

learning, mathematics and geometry, but 98% of the Masons today don't have

the

slightest clue about any of this unless it has the $$ on it. That is the New

Religion.









The "Sun" is the "Eye" of God. The Egyptians knew this. Ra,

pronounced (Ray), from "Sun Ray", was the child, the son in Egyptian folklore.

The Trinity comes from this concept. Osiris, Ra, and Isis. Father, Son and the

Holy Spirit. The Sun God Ra had a staff and was the "great Shephard" too.

Having pointed that out and the knowledge and insight that comes with it,

the

PYRAMID in Egypt, as used by the Freemasons is symbolic of the Volcano

and

the Volcano God "Volcanis". The Freemasons built the pyramids in Egypt long

ago. In one of the Degrees in Freemasonry, the symbolism of Hiram Abiff is

acted out as the Grand Master is slain by his comrades before the Temple of

Soloman could be built. According to the authors of "GenIsis" and "GeneSet" it

appears as though the Temple was to be built in dedication to Isis.



Another element of Freemasonry expressed in it's symbolism is the Phallic

and

Goddess aspects. Along with the Sun and the Moon, "Fertility" played a large

part

in the early religions. If you look at many old carvings, stones, and statues there

are numerous hints at "Fertility" being a central and dominant theme. This will

be

further explained on the Sexual Symbolism page.



The "G" some say stands for "Geometry". It may, however it also stands for the

"Generative" force. The Masons all wore aprins, (look at the early pictures of

Washington in his Masonic Aprin) to cover their Phallus (Penis). The OBLISK

in

Washington D.C. comes from Egyptian Oblisks, which are "Phallic" symbols.

The

Oblisk, if you look at it from above and face the White House, directly enters

into

and points toward the "OVAL OFFICE". See how easy and fun this is. Why

didn't they teach us this in school? This is the underlying "sexual symbolism"

that

is an inherent part of our Conspiracy-based culture. They couldn't make it go

away if they wanted to. It is!!



The Freemasons are a WORLDWIDE BROTHERHOOD. They do not

follow

any particular religion as Freemasonry itself is a religion to it's initiates.



Below are flags for various countries. Each displays a Freemason Symbol.

Some more obvious than others. As you can see Former East Germany had

nothing to hide!

AA AA

The Flag of the left (Nicaragua), has a 'Triangle within a Circle' and within

the

Triangle there is a Sun and a Rainbow in the background.

The Sun Symbology everywhere represents something to the Freemasons

called the "Dawn of a New Day". Referring to a "New Age" or the entering into

a

new "House of the Zodiac".



The Flag on the right (El Salvador) looks almost identical except the main

difference is that instead of a Sun in the Middle there is a "Figian Cap of

Liberty".

Also called a "Red Cap" for bloodshed, (Communism), May 1, the founding

date

of the Illuminati and the Cap worn by the Grand Orient Temple Masons

(Illuminati) in France when they threw the French Revolution. This "Cap of

Liberty" was depicted on the very earliest American Silver coins.



The following flags are also Masonic in nature if you understand the

symbology.

The "Sun" and the "Moon" are prevalent in many flags and I don't think this is

a

coincidence. 1. Algeria 2. China 3. Malaysia 4. Singapore 5. Turkey









A A A A

Gee, Algeria's flag looks just like the SHRINER's SYMBOL up above, but

turned sideways. Is there anywhere on Earth the Masons have not conquered?

(Note: This actually might be the original semitic symbol for SATURN. The

circle being the ring around Saturn. (For more on Saturn and it's role as

Satan,

the most feared planet, Kronos, Click Here.)



As a matter of fact, our 1st flag in America was almost "the all-seeing eye".

In the U.S. National Archives are preserved the two proposed flags for the new

Confederacy. The 1st one has the "all-seeing eye" as a Sun with light eminating

from it toward the right and surrounded by seven stars to the left side or behind

it.

Looks similar to a moon wrapped around the Sun. The 2nd flag has a bright

illuminated Sun with the "all-seeing eye" in the middle of the Sun and pictured

in

the upper left hand corner.



In Buckminster Fuller's Book "Critical Path", he has this to say about the 1st

flag proposed for America, "In our tracing of the now completely invisible

power

structures it is important to note that, while the British Empire as a world

government lost the American Revolution, the power structure behind it did not

lose the war. The most visible of the power structure identities was the East

India

Company, an entirely private enterprise, whose flag as adopted by Queen

Elizabeth in 1600 happened to have 13 red and white horizontal stripes with a

blue

rectangle in it's upper lefthand corner. The blue rectangle bore in red and white

the

superimposed crosses of St. Andrew and St. George. When the Boston Tea

Party

occured, the colonists dressed as Indians boarded the East India Company's

three

ships and threw overboard their entire cargoes of high-tax tea. They also took

the

flag from the masthead of the largest of the "East Indiamen", the Dartmouth.

George Washington took command of the U.S. Continental Army under an

elm

tree in Cambridge, Mass. The flag used for that occasion was the East India

Company's flag, which by pure coincidence had the 13 red and white stripes.

Though it was only coincidence, most of those present thought the 13 red and

white stripes did represent the thirteen American colonies--ergo, was very

appropriate--but they complained about the included British flag's

superimposed

crosses in the blue rectangle in the top corner. George Washington conferred

with

Betsy Ross, after which came the thirteen white, five-pointed stars in the blue

field

with the 13 red and white horizontal stripes. While the british government lost

the

1776 war, the East India Company's owners who constituted the invisible

power

structure behind the British government not only did not lose but moved right

into

the new U.S. economy along with the latter's most powerful landowners.

By pure chance I happened to uncover this popularly unknown episode of

American history. Commissioned in 1970 by the Indian government to design

new

airports in Bombay, New Delhi and Madras, I was visiting the grand palace of

the

British fortress in Madras, where the English first established themselves in

India

in 1600. There I saw a picture of Queen Elizabeth I and the flag of the East

India

Company of 1600 A.D., with it's 13 red and white horizontal stripes and it's

super-

imposed crosses in the upper corner. What astonished me was that this flag

(which

seemed to be the American Flag) was apparantly being used in 1600 A.D., 175

years before the American Revolution. Displayed on the stairway landing wall

together with the portrait of Queen Elizabeth I painted on canvas, the flag was

painted on the wall itslef, as was the seal of the East India Company.

The supreme leaders of the American Revolution were of the southern type.

George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. Both were great landowners with

direct royal grants for their lands, in contradistinction to the relatively meager

individual landholdings of the individual northern Puritan colonists".





The "International Red Cross" is the only organization allowed to go behind

enemy lines during wartime or what the Masons would term the "Theatre of

War". Why do you think this is. How are they somehow IMMUNE? Because

ALL WARS ARE STAGED BY THE FREEMASONS, THAT'S WHY!!

The "Red Cross" goes back to the Rosycrucians. The Order of the Rosy

Cross.

Rose Croix. This Order was put together by a Grand Master of the Priory of

Sion.

Jean de Gisors. "L' Ordre De La Rose Croix Veritas" or the "Order of the True

Red Cross" was organized in 1188. (The Knight's Templar, a creation of the Priory

of Sion,

had first used the Red Cross, having borrowed it from "Ormus", a gnostic adept of

Alexandria.

The Priory then re-introduced it after a supposed "falling out" of the two orders. This was

the

beginning of the New Rosycrucian movement. (ROSYCRUCIAN=RED CROSS)



Whoops, I wasn't aware of this until I went to get this image from the "Red

Cross". It is now known as the "International Federation of Red Cross and

Red Crescent Societies". And this is the New Symbol! Why is the Moon there?









Why doesn't the general public know any of this? Because you're not

supposed to know. Why do you think we spend millions on the educational

system

and nothing changes? Because it's not supposed to change! We're supposed to

be

STUPIDS FARM WORKERS AND NOTHING MORE!! GOD HELP US!!



You would think with all the money in the world and power and control that

these Freemasons would be a little kinder to society instead of creating

diseases,

reducing the population, terrorizing and torturing the children, impoverishing

nations with false debts and creating genocide on virtually anyone but

themselves.



Another symbol of Freemasonry is the Cross of the Knights of Malta.









This is a Roman Catholic Symbol, Freemasonry Controls all

Religions!

You will see this symbol worn by the Nazis during the second World War. You

will also see this symbol on the Crowns of Kings in Europe. The Knights of

Malta

are a Military order in the Catholic Church. Several KEY politicians are

members.

Another important symbol in Freemasonry is the Royal Arch. This represents

a

"Degree" in Freemasonry. The Royal Arch Degree. The Arch is seen in our

society in St. Louis Missouri, The Royal Arch State.









Most of the FoundingFathersof America were Freemasons. Some were

members of the Illuminati. They all had land holdings back in the

"Motherland".

Is there a chance that they were never really true colonists but rather Royalists

in

disguise? Was the Constitution created by them any more significant then any

other Constitution? The answer to that is NO!! If you or I created a Constitution

and called it the "Law of the Land", who would be bound to it? Only you or

me!

Not any one else out there except those who swore an OATH to UPHOLD IT!!



Now this is where it really gets interesting. ---The Constitution was never

signed as a contract, only witnessed. If you ask for an "Oath of Office" from

any

government employee, they are supposed to have them but they don't. They are

either not signed or not dated or they flat out don't have them!! Well we have

Freemasons running the Judiciary and the other two branches of government as

well. Not only do they NOT have an "Oath to the Constitution", but they have a

HIGHER SECRET OATH TO THE BROTHERHOOD which takes

precedence.

This is a BLOOD OATH!! They cannot refuse helping out a fellow Mason in

trouble, even if that "brother" is a CROOKED CRIMINAL. This creates a

HUGE

CONFLICT OF INTEREST in our system. This is why America's very first 3rd

Party was the Anti-Mason Party in the 1830's. The people then knew there was

no difference between the Democrats and the Republicans.

All American Freemasonry, as well as all World Freemasonry is based in

England at the Grand Mother Lodge of England. The Grand Mother Lodge

grants

all charters for the lower lodges to operate. There are however, breakaway

lodges.

Subversive lodges, not necessarily chartered by the Grand Mother Lodge.

These

include a few of the Grand Orient Lodges.



Freemasonry itself is not evil but it is used in evil ways by people with evil

intentions. The symbols and knowledge and the pursuit of knowledge for

philosophical and religious purposes itself is not evil. What IS EVIL is how

FREEMASONRY IS USED TO PROMOTE AND MAINTAIN POWER!!

We would all be better off if the Freemasons stopped trying to control the

world.

Here are several cases :



(1) Back in the Early 1900's an inventor named Nikola Tesla developed Free-

Energy methods which could supply all the world with FREE Electricity.

One of these experiments was a tower built at Colorado Springs which could

power electricity for the whole USA and possibly the world. The concept

was

based on a simple concept that the Earth is always spinning, creating friction

in

the universe. This friction creates electricity in the ionosphere that we call

lightning or electrical storms. So energy and electricity didn't need to be

produced by work or application of energy which relied upon a constant

source.



Tesla's Financier J.P. Morgan had the rights to Tesla's Patents and Tesla was

always building dozens of new inventions. Well the story goes that when

Tesla

was building his Tower at Colorado Springs, J.P. Morgan was not clued in

as

to what it was Tesla was building exactly. When it was finished and Tesla

told

Morgan that it could supply the world with electricity, Morgan replied

"Great,

so where do we put the meters?" To which Tesla responded "There are no

meters, This is Wireless Free-Electricity" and at that point J.P. Morgan cut

off

funding to Tesla and had the project buried. J.P. Morgan himself was not the

all powerful figure people make him out to be, but there were powerful

Freemasons and Skull and Bones members in particular, behind him. The

J.P.

Morgan bank was controlled more by Harold Stanley, a Skull and Bones

member. Today it is called the Morgan-Stanley Bank. Check out the

Skull and Bones Page to get the finer details of the direct influence in

Banking.



Nikola Tesla had also built the world's first flying saucer that flew on Free-

Energy and the Masons stole that from humanity as well. This technology

was

given to Hitler in the 1920's sometime through the Thule and Vril Society

and

their connections with American and British Masonic Secret Societies. More

this can be found on the Flying Saucer and UFO page.



(2) HEMP / Cannabis Marijuana was outlawed directly by the

Freemasons in this

country and internationally for the sole purpose of creating synthetic

petrochemical and pharmaceutical alternatives that they could sell through

multinational corporations they control, at highly inflated prices. Back in the

1930's Dupont had a patent on a synthetic chemical compound that breaks

down wood pulp for making paper from trees. You didn't need to cut down

trees to make paper because for thousands of years virtually all known paper

was made from Hemp and it can be produced at 1/4 the cost, 1/5 the

pollution

it's 10 times stronger and lasts 10 times longer.



Even the Founding Father Masons knew this. The Declaration of Independence

was printed on Hemp Paper as well as the Constitution. The Flag sown by

Betsy

Ross was made out of Hemp. The soldiers clothes in the Revolutionary War

were

made out of Hemp and so were the covered wagons of the earlt settlers. Canvas

is Dutch for Cannabis.



BUT, when the FREEMASONS find it in their interest to get rid of something

for

profit and power, it doesn't matter if GOD put it there, it won't get in the way of

business as usual for the FREEMASONS. Cannabis seed oil is a machine-grade

lubricant which is natural and NON-PETROLEUM based. It is also FREE and

doesn't need to be DRILLED OUT OF THE EARTH with expensive polluting

machinery.



COTTON could never in it's wildest fantasies compete with HEMP.

HEMP is far SUPERIOR. It is 26 times stronger and lasts 10 times longer than

cotton. There are NO chemicals needed to produce Hemp whereas you need

HALF of all the chemicals produced to grow cotton. Hemp has NO natural

enemies except the government and you need pesticides to grow cotton. The 1st

levi jeans were not made out of Cotton, they were made out of HEMP /

Marijuana.



By now, your'e probably wondering how this all fits in with the Freemasons.



(A) Dupont's chief financial backer was Andrew Mellon of the Mellon Bank of

Pittsburgh, in which he was the owner and largest stockholder. Mellon, in

his

role as Hoover's Secretary of the Treasury, in 1931 appointed his future

nephew-in-law Harry J. Anslinger to be head of the newly reorganized

Federal

Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, which evolved into the DEA.

Anslinger was one of the main proponents of criminalization of Hemp /

Marijuana. William Randolph Hearst newspaper chain promoted "yellow

journalism" using racism and lies to turn the public's mind on what they

called

a "new drug threat". Weyerhauser (Skull and Bones) and their control of the

Lumber Industry



(B) Medicine and Pharmaceuticals : In 1900 Percy Rockefeller was initiated

into

Skull and Bones. The Rockefeller Family has always controlled the

American

Medical Association (AMA) since the very beginning. When originally

consulted on this issue in the 1930's the AMA was all for Cannabis

Tinctures /

Marijuana Medicine, but for some reason their stance changed. Anslinger

had

blackmailed the AMA!! Anslinger was responsible for prosecuting the

doctor's

that prescribed narcotic drugs for "illegal purposes". The FBN had

prosecuted

more than 3000 AMA doctors for illegal prescriptions through 1939. In

1939,

the AMA made specific "peace" with Anslinger over marijuana and the

result

was that only 3 doctor's were prosecuted over the next 10 years!!



(C) Cotton : The Decorticator had just been discussed in popular mechanics in

1938 as a new method of harvesting Hemp which would promise to put

cotton

back in it's place as an inferior material. New technology was allowing

cotton

to get an edge up on Hemp at this time. Well Eli Whitney has always been

famous for the "Cotton Gin" and the Whitneys again had an interest in

preserving their empire. Sorrounding the entirety of Marijuana

Criminalization

there are Freemasons in the background keeping society from progress

while

promoting their own personal financial agenda.



(D) Petrochemicals and Oil : Rockefeller has always been involved with the

Mason

groups but they are a lower-level power family. Actually, the Whitney's

(BIG

TIME Skull and Bones Family) were the real power behind Standard Oil.

"Harry Payne Whitney (Initiated into Skull and Bones in 1894) inherited

two

Standard Oil fortunes from both the Payne and the Whitney families.

William

Collins Whitney married Flora Payne, daughter of Standard Oil Treasurer

Oliver Payne. The Paynes are not in Skull and Bones, but adding the Payne

piece of the Standard Oil fortune made Whitney's fortune that much larger.

A quote by Lammott Dupont (President of Dupont) in the 1930's:

"Synthetic

plastics find application in fabricating a wide varieyt of articles, many of

which

in the past were made from natural products," ..."Consider our natural

resources. The chemist has aided in conserving natural resources by

developing synthetic products to supplement or wholly replace natural

products". -Popular Mechanics--June 1939



(3) World Wars and International Conflicts : See the Skull and Bones

Page.

The banking firms of Wall Street namely W.A. Harriman and Company,

Guaranty Trust, and Union Banking Corp. controlled by Freemasons and

Skull and Bonesmen financed the build-up of both world wars. In the Soviet

Union, the Ruskombank was controlled by Guaranty Trust. The Soviets had

no money. The caucuses were rich with oil but the Russians didn't possess

the

Rotary drills needed and mining equiptment was needed to mine the

minerals.



The story is a long and complicated one but lets just say Dresser Industries,

Henry Neil Mallon and Henry Peter Isham, both Bonesmen initiated in

1917,

along with Prescott Bush, were the "bones behind Dresser". It was Henry

Mallon who gave George Bush his FIRST JOB at DRESSER

INDUSTRIES!!

Dresser provided the drill bits and oil drilling equiptment to the Russians

and

W.A. Harriman and Company controlled Georgian Manganese.

International

Barnsdale provided Rotary drills and trained Russian crews in oil drilling.

Barnsdale Corp. owned 75% of International Barnsdale whose principle

shareholders were W.A. Harriman and Co. and Lee Higenson and Co.

represented by W.A. Harriman and Frederick Winthrop Allen. Harriman

was

initiated into Skull and Bones in 1913 and Allen in 1900. The other partner

was

Eugene Stetson working for Guaranty Trust, a Bones controlled bank as

well.



Union banking Corp was more prominent in the affairs of the built-up of Nazi

Germany in the 30's. The Union Banking Corp. in New York was

established

in 1924 as a unit of W.A. Harriman and Co. It was a Joint Walker, Thyssen,

Harriman bank. The co-founders were George Herbert Walker, Bush's

grandfather on his father's side, Fritz Thyssen and William A. Harriman. It

was

also the New York office of German Steel Trust. In 1932 it's directors were

a

hodgepotch of Skull and Bonesmen and Nazis, including Johann Groninger

and

H.J. Kowenhoven, both Nazis, as well as Prescott Sheldon Bush, a

bonesman.

The German Steel Trust controlled the Bank ver Handle fer Handel and

Schiff.

It was Fritz Thyssen through this bank that funneled over 3 million marks to

Hitler in 1932 alone.



Then there is Silesian American Corp. Ray Morris initiated into Skull and

Bones in

1901 worked in Brown Bros. Harriman, Union Banking Corp. and Silesian

American Corp. Nazi interests in Silesian American Corp. were siezed on

11-17-42 under the Trading with the Enemy Act. It seems like the Anglo-

American

banking establishment on Wall Street is perfectly comfortable sleeping in the

same

bed with Nazis.



A quote from J. Thorkelson of Montana in the House of Representatives Mon.

Aug. 19th 1940; "It was also the year preceding the World War, a war in

which

we became involved, as everyone knows, in 1917, but what everyone does

not

know is that we were committed to this war in 1910, and were to all intents

and purposes in the war in 1914, when J.P. Morgan & Co. began to finance

the Triple Entente. This statement is borne out of J.P. Morgan's own

testimony

before the Senate committee investigating the munitions industry".



(4) Drugs and Gangs : Crime all over the Streets and General Corruption in

Society

Let's see, who can we blame this on? Ever heard of the British East India

Company. It is only the LARGEST Legalized Drug Trafficking and Slave

Trading Corporation in the World. The CIA are immune from prosecution

because of authorization from a higher level. The Intelligence agencies are

all

structured on Freemasonry and British Intelligence runs the international

show.

British intelligence works for the Freemasons to make sure nobody

competes

with their "authorized" drug empire. Banks were only set up by the

Freemasons

to deposit and launder their drug-money from their international operations.

Britain conquered China with a flood of Opium into China after Free-Trade

was forced on China by economic oppression by Great Britain. There are

drugs

on the streets of America today and Guns in the hands of criminals because

THAT'S THE WAY THE FREEMASONS WANT IT!! Remember the

motto:

"ORDO AB CHAO" or "Order out of Chaos". Who do you

think manufactures the Guns? Who manufactures the Drugs? Who gets

away

with it?



There is evidence that Hitler was being fed anti-semitic information by the

Freemasons and that Hitler retaliated to the infiltration of his intelligence

agencies

by forming the SS to weed out the Masons from his "Inner Circle". Hitler even

went so far as to persecute and chase down Freemasons throughout Europe.

This

might sound a little strange after I just pointed out that the Freemasons financed

Hitler, but there is evidence to suggest Hitler was becoming aware of this

manipulation and became a threat to the Masonic power structure, which then

decided to have him removed from power. This is the same tactic the Masons

used on Napolean Bonaparte. Masons were raided by Nazis in Europe during

WWII. There is even evidence to suggest that the Nuremburg trials were not

formed to persecute the Nazis that killed the Jews, but to get even with the

Nazis

who persecuted Freemasons, and the Jewish issue was just another

manipulation

by the Freemasons. Read these 4 articles for further insight.

(1) Nazi Persecution of Freemasonry

(2) The Annihilation of Freemasonry

(3) Masonic Losses of the Second World War in Belgium

(4) The Material Losses of the German Freemasons

&

(5) The Hidden Origins of Nazism





What do the Freemasons have to do with Yugoslavia and the present

situation?

From the Grand Lodge of Croatia titled "Freemasons are rebuilding

Croatia Again"

and another one that is an Interview with Croatian Masons.

What is interesting is how Masons this one claim they are not involved in

politics but everything he talkes about in relation to Yugosalvian Masonry is

political.



What do the Freemasons have to do with the founding of the KU KLUX

KLAN?

The answer : Everything. Albert Pike, a very high degree Mason in the 1830's

era

established the Knights of the Golden Circle, the early KKK in the South. Pike

was the author of the infamous "Morals and Dogma" a "coded" book for

Masons.



Freemasons were involved in the murder of Abraham Lincoln :

In a book By Izola Forrester, the granddaughter of John Wilkes Booth, titled

"This One Mad Act" and published first in 1937, Izola claims that Booth was a

member of the Knighs of the Golden Circle, a Freemasonic Order, that was the

predecessor to the Ku Klux Klan. In this book she details the involvement of

the

Masons with the death of Abraham Lincoln. The international bankers did not

want the American people to have control of their currency. Lincoln had

ordered

450 Million dollars to be issued by the U.S. treasury. This was the same reason

for killing Kennedy in the 1960's. Kennedy had attempted to do the same thing

and ordered 450 Billion dollars to be issued by the U.S. treasury.



Freemasons were involved in the murder of John F. Kennedy :

This is taken from an essay by James Shelby Downward :

The assassination took place in Dealey Plaza, site of the first Masonic temple in

Dallas. Dallas is located just south of the 33rd degree of latitude. The 33rd degree is the

highest degree one can achieve in Freemasonry. Shakespeare's MacBeth is a "Killing of

the King" drama. MacBeth, who killed his King in accordance with a witch's plot and

was himself later killed, parallels the JFK assassination and the sequence of Oswald

being killed by Ruby. "Mason Road" in Texas, connects to the "Mason No El Bar" and

the Texas / New Mexico "Land of Enchantment" border. This connecting line is on the

32nd degree.

When the 32nd degree line of latitude is traced west into the "Land of Enchantment",

it becomes situated midway between Deming and Columbus. Slightly to the north of the

town of Columbus are the "Tres Hermanas" (Three Sisters) mountains. The Three Sisters

are found approx. 32 miles between Deming and Columbus and are a minute and some

seconds south of the 32nd degree line.



When this line is traced further to the west, it passes the ghost town of Shakespeare at a

distance south of the town that is roughly equivalent to the distance which the 32nd

degree line passes north of the three sisters mountains. Both Shakespeare and the three

sisters relate to MacBeth. When this 32nd degree line is traced some distance further

west, into Arizona, it crosses an old trail which meanders north of a ghost town, which

was once the town of Ruby. The trail itself was called Ruby Road. Ruby Road twists

north into the area of 2 mountain peaks known as Kennedy and Johnson Mountains. The

New Orleans CIA (who provided security) station's headquarters were in a Masonic

temple.



And last but not least, Mason Lyndon Johnson appointed Mason Earl Warren to

investigate

Kennedy's death. 33rd degree Mason, Gerald Ford was instrumental in suppressing what

little evidence of a conspiratorial nature reached the commission. Responsible for

supplying information to the commission was 33rd degree Mason J. Edgar Hoover and

former CIA director and Mason Allen Dulles was responsible for most of his Agency's

information to the panel.

For the Full Story - Click Here!!

Then Read this : "Masons & Kennedy" - By Acacia Press - Click Here!!





The Black Pope : Peter Hans Klovenbach - From Vatican

Assassins - Simply the Best!! - Click Here!!



A List of some Famous and Not-so Famous Freemasons and their Initiation

Dates:



*Franklin D. Roosevelt, Ex-President of the United States (32nd degree)

*Colonel Edward Mandell House, Personal advisor to Woodrow Wilson.

1858-1938 (33rd degree)

*Frederick the Great of Prussia (32nd degree Templar)

*

For all the UFO / Mason Conspiracy thoerists out there, this article is GREAT!!!

Historic UFOs - Trace Of Giants Found In Desert -1947

Hill said that in another cavern was found

" the ritual hall of the ancient people, together with devices and markings similar

to those now used by the

Masonic order. In a long tunnel were well preserved remains of animals, including

elephants and tigers.

So far, Hill added, no women have been found. (Ed. Note : "No Women", Yea, that

sounds like the Masons allright)



A history of the "Fez" in Turkey - Part 1 / Part 2



It has long been asserted by Conspiracy theorists that Sir Francis Bacon WAS

"Shakespeare".

Here is the Proof - Click Here!!

Freemasonry and Mormonism - By Michael S. Thomas - Click Here!!

Letters on the Masonic Institution - By John Quincy Adams (Around 1847)



Masonic chief clashes with MPs over secrecy - Click Here!!



Notes From "The Book of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry : Click

Here!!



Mozart & Masonry - Robert G. Davis - Click Here!!





9 of Australia's Prime Ministers who are Freemasons :

Freemasonry in Relation to "19.5 Degrees" (Here are a couple of interesting

links)

Ken Starr & 19.5 Degrees - Click Here!!

"Titanic" & 19.5 Degrees - Click Here!!





The James Cameron Freemason Conspiracy Connection

The James Cameron Cospiracy Theory - (The Conspiracy Theorists Cut) Click Here!!

James Cameron 33rd Degree Freemason - Click Here!!

James Cameron, Mars & 33 Degrees

James Cameron & the Hollywood Matrix





Leonard DeCaprio a Freemason?

Is Leonardo Dicaprio A Freemason? The Real Story of "Total Eclipse" - Click Here!!



The Olympian Symbology of TWA Flight 800 - By Rick Carey (Ed. Note - This One reaches a

bit, but still interesting)









Here is a List of Relevant Books & Videos : To Read a Comprehensive

Summary or to Order, Click

on the Item : Items marked with a " * " are in stock and may be ordered. Any

Books in the Catalog Marked with a (@) are carried by Amazon.com and most

may be ordered. Some are "Out of Print", but if you follow the link,, and have

them do a used-bookstore search, they will get back to you with a couple of

weeks. Items marked (In Stock) are carried by me and must be purchased

through me by Postal Money Order or E-Gold. If Ordering with E-Gold, make

sure to contact me me by E-mail first to verify that I have the Items you are

looking for. Thank you.



Books

TITL ELIXER OF EMPIRE : English Public Schools, Ritualism, Freemasonry and Imperialism -

P.J. Rich -



* CHAINS OF EMPIRE : English Public Schools, Masonic Cabalism, Historic Casualty and

Imperial Clubdom - J.P. Rich -

266 P. -



RITUALS OF EMPIRE : English Public Schools, Imperial Baubles, Masonic Magicians and

Morphic Resonances - P.J.

Rich -



* BORN IN BLOOD : The Lost Secrets of Freemasonry - John J. Robinson - 376 P. - 1990 -



* BACON-MASONRY : Revealing the Real Meaning of That Mystic Word and the True Name of

That Lost Word With

Evidence Showing Francis Bacon to Be The Original Designer of Speculative-Masonry -

George V. Trudhope - 132 P. -

1954 (1997 Reprint) -



THE EARLY LIFE OF LORD BACON : Newly Studied - Parker Woodward - 120 P. - 1902 -



MASONRY AND CATHOLICISM : Twin Pincers ? - 161 P. - 1978 -



* FIRE IN THE MINDS OF MEN : Origins of the Revolutionary Faith - James H. Billington - 695

P. - 1999



REVOLUTION AND FREEMASONRY - (1680 - 1800) - Bernard Fay - 349 P. - 1935 -



* FREEMASONRY EXPOSED - Capt. William Morgan - 1827 - (Reprinted 1986) -



* BEHIND THE LODGE DOOR - Paul A. Fisher - 362 P. - 1994 -



MOZART AND MASONRY - Paul Nettle - 175 P. - 1957 -



* MASONRY : Beyond The Light - William Schoebelen - 286 P. - 1991 -



* TO MORONI WITH LOVE - Ed Decker -



* INSIDE THE BROTHERHOOD : Explosive Secrets of the Freemasons - Martin Short - 674 P. -

1989 -



* THE WATCHTOWER AND THE MASONS - Fritz Springmeier - 245 P. -



* THE DEADLY DECEPTION - Jim Shaw - 159 P. - 1988 -



NOT SO SELF-EVIDENT TRUTHS : Discovering the Freemasons' Game - Neil Dunfield - 180 P. -

1992 -



TABLES OF THE GRAIL : The Magic of Independence - Neil Dunfield -

* THE CHARACTER, CLAIMS AND PRACTICAL WORKINGS OF FREEMASONRY - REV C.G. Finney

-

272 P.- 1869 (Reprinted 2000) -



* PROOFS OF A CONSPIRACY Against All The Religions And Governments Of Europe Carried

On In The Secret

Meetings of Freemasons, Illuminati, and Reading Societies - John Robison - 150 P.- 1798

(Reprint) -



* THE TEMPLE AND THE LODGE - Michael Baigent & Richard Leigh - 1991 - 306 P. -



* AMERICA'S SECRET DESTINY : Spiritual Vision and the Founding of a Nation - Robert

Hieronimus, Ph.D. -

1989 - 145 P. -



* AMERICA’S INVISIBLE GUIDANCE - Corrine Heline - 1994 -



* FREEMASONRY CAME TO AMERICA WITH CAPT. JOHN SMITH IN 1607 -



THE STRANGE CASE OF FRANCIS TIDIR - Parker Woodward - 117 P. - 1901 -



AMERICA’S OLDEST SECRET : The Talisman of the United States - The Mysterious Street Lines

of Washington D.C.

Signature Of The Invisible Brotherhood - Charles L. Westbrook Jr. Ph.D - 123 P. - 1990 -



A GUIDE TO MASONIC “HANDSHAKES” IN THE MOVIES : 53 Films Analyzed - 9 P. - 1994 -



FREEMASONRY : ANTI-CHRIST UPON US : A False Religion; Sex Cult; A Super Anti-Christ

World Power; Father

of Communism - Glen Berry - 78 P. -



* FREEMASONRY CONDEMNED FROM IT’S OWN SOURCES : Freemasonry vs. Christianity and

Phallic Worship

of Freemasonry Unveiled - Benjamin L. Cook, Ph.D - 93 P. - 1991 -



JOHN QUINCY ADAMS : Anti-Masonic Letter Writer - Eric Mckinley Erickson Ph.D. - 8 P. - 1926

-



THEIR GOD IS THE DEVIL : Papal Encyclicals and Freemasonry - Has Masonry Won It’s War

With The Church? -

Paul Fisher - 1991 -



* THE BROTHERHOOD : Secret World of the Freemasons - Stephen Knight - 1984 -



A LITTLE MASONIC HISTORY BOOK : The One-Dollar Bill - Dean Grace - 36 P. -



* FREEMASONRY : The Invisible Cult In Our Midst - Jack Harris - 153 P. - 1995 -



ROOSEVELTS COMMUNIST MANIFESTO : Illuminati Origins - Dr. Emmanuel M. Josephson -



ENGLISH MASONIC ISOLATION: A Myth Exploded - P.J. Keith - 6 P. - 1937 -

* JACK THE RIPPER : The Final Solution - Stephen Knight - 1986 - 288 P. -



ANTI-MASONRY : The Crusade and the Party - Lorman Ratner - 100 P. - 1969 -



FREEMASONRY : An Interpretation - Richard Wagner - 375 P. -







Videos

* THE DAWN OF THE NEW DAY"--From a cable program called "The Naked Truth" - Jordan

Maxwell - 60 Min. -



* Jordan Maxwell Slide Presentation - Illuminati, Freemason, Vatican Church Connections &

Expose - 120 Min -



* Sodomic (MONARCH)--MIND CONTROL - With Jordan Maxwell, Eustace Mullins and Vladimir

Terzisky - 120 Min.



* FREEMASONRY : From Darkness to Light -



* THINGS TO COME - H.G. Wells - 1936 - 113 Min. -



* BROTHERHOOD OF THE BELL -



http://conspiracyrealitytv.com/category/conspiracy-videos/new-world-order/

CIA and freemasons among dark forces in

Europe: an exclusive JUST Response report from

the Dougal Watt Dossier

'Whistleblower' Robert Dougal Watt speaks out



Mr Michel HERVÉ

Secretary General

European Court of Auditors



Subject: further to my letters of 17 June and 8 July



For your information, please find in the attached Annex material of relevance to

my letter of 17 June. Essentially, this material supports the plausibility of the

central hypothesis presented in that letter.





Firstly, the material presented demonstrates that concern for one’s personal

safety when querying official explanations for any past mafia-related death is

symptomatic of common-sense rather than paranoia. This is particularly true

given the apparent public distance between the institution and myself. When the

circumstances of the “suicide” in London of Roberto Calvi were officially re-

examined, several years after the event, the British authorities were careful to

minimise the exposure to risk of all those involved in the re-examination.



Secondly, evidence is presented of the penetration by freemasonry of the

European institutions, and Member State administrations; and accounts of the

consequential corruption in France, Belgium and Italy.



Thirdly, historical evidence is presented of the key role played by the United

States, and its intelligence community in particular, in the post-war formation of

the “Europe Community”. As the leading historian (in English) has concluded,

“Viewed from Europe, the most striking aspect… is the extent to which officials

working for European reconstruction and unification shared the experience of

wartime intelligence, special operations and resistance. European unity had

taken root in wartime resistance movements. These links with clandestine

organisations continued into the post-war period. The emerging European

Economic Community and the growing Western intelligence community

overlapped to a considerable degree.”



Fourthly, evidence is presented of more recent CIA intervention in domestic

Italian politics; of the Agency’s role with regard to the P2 masonic lodge; and of

the lodge’s associated criminal and terrorist activities.

Fifthly, evidence is presented of contemporary CIA spying on the European

Institutions.



Sixthly, by way of balance, evidence is presented of KGB activities in Europe

during the Cold War period. At least some of the fears of US agencies with

regard to clandestine Communist activity were well founded, offering

corresponding justification for covert US activity in Europe. Essentially, just as

the United States endeavoured to encourage Western European unity, so the

Soviet Union endeavoured to keep the states of Western Europe divided.



Seventhly, evidence is presented demonstrating the establishment under NATO

auspices of a Europe-wide network of “Gladio” or “Stay-behind” forces; and the

linkages made between the personnel/equipment of such forces and terrorist

atrocities in Italy and Belgium during the 1980s. The revelation in the early

1990s of these clandestine forces, and such linkages, gave rise to a strongly-

worded condemnatory resolution of the European Parliament.



The evidence presented in the attached Annex thus supports the plausibility of

the central hypothesis of my letter of 17 June. Again, I should like to emphasise

that I have presented – and maintain – a hypothesis, and neither a conviction nor

a definitive proof. The hypothesis is derived from the facts known to me; and

given the significance of the potential audit findings, I believe further investigation

by the Court of the matters raised is merited.



Consequently, it gives me great distress to find that the Court seems, from my

perspective at least, to prefer to “shoot the messenger” rather than to give

consideration to the “message”. It gave, and its gives, me no pleasure to

question the integrity of two senior officials with whom I have worked and/or

known for many years. However, if two individuals voluntarily swear to protect

their “brothers”, and their fraternal secrets, upon pain of death and

dismemberment; and an analysis of the audit evidence available casts material

doubt on their, and other “official” explanations offered to date; and evidence of

masonic corruption in other fields of public life is well known and thoroughly

documented; then I fail to understand why it must be unreasonable to assume it

possible that such “brotherly” oaths might take precedence over employees’

normal duties of loyalty to their employer.



Furthermore, I was astonished to receive from OLAF a fax dated 9 August

stating, “Mr Michel Herve, Secretary General of the Court of Auditors, informed

the European anti-fraud Office about your letter of 17/6/02”; and inviting me to

contact OLAF in order to allow the Office to “complete and assess these

allegations”. Given that my letter of 17 June presents allegations of serious

impropriety by OLAF, committed at the highest level; and given that the Court, as

a sovereign institution under the Treaty, has responsibility for reporting on the

sound management of OLAF; - I regret I find your decision to pass my letter to

OLAF for further investigation to be incomprehensible.

With regard to your letter of 31 August, and its opening remark, “You have not

answered to my letter dated 2nd July 2002”: I observe that I did reply, on 8 July,

before noon, as you had requested in your letter of 2 July. I hold a fax

“transmission record” which confirms the above, and confirms that your fax

machine received the transmission “OK”. Furthermore, a copy of my letter to you

of 8 July was included in the fax which I sent to the President of the institution’s

Staff Committee on 9 July; which I asked be made available to all staff who

requested access; and which I understand was submitted for your consideration.



My fax of 8 July raised a number of queries with regard to your proposal to

conduct a second medical examination on 23 August. I have waited patiently in

the expectation of some response to my queries; to date, in vain. In view of the

proximity of the proposed examination, I await your urgent response to the

queries presented in my fax of 8 July.



In addition, I should be grateful if you would forward the following to me: the

terms of reference for the employment by the Court/Commission Medical Service

of Dr John Callender; an explanation for his selection by the Court/Commission

Medical Service (i.e., selection methodology, criteria, etc.); and a copy of all

information which has been provided to Dr Callender by the Court/Commission

Medical Service.



R Dougal WATT

Auditor

20 August 2002

(on sick leave)



ANNEX



1. Concern for personal safety upon raising the “Quatraro Case”





Claire Sterling, “The Mafia: the long reach of the international Sicilian Mafia”,

Hamish Hamilton, London, 1990, p231-3:

“The fact remained that Della Chiesa was horribly exposed. The silence in

Rome, the barbs in the pro-government press, the icy hostility of local politicians,

made it plain that the state had cut him off. Whether this was the result of

indifference, incomprehension, political expediency, or bureaucratic torpor he

was left in the classic position for a Mafia kill; standing in the middle of an empty

space. Della Chiesa knew that, as he revealed in an interview with Giorgio

Bocca at the end of a nerve-racking summer: ‘… I think I’ve understood the new

rules of the game: the powerful man is killed when a fatal combination comes

about, when he has become too dangerous but can be killed because he is

isolated.’ When did a powerful man become too dangerous? When he insisted

on enforcing the law, or proposed to strengthen it, or investigated the Mafia’s

‘accumulation of capital [and] elaborate network of controls,’ or threatened to

expose thunderous secrets… The prefect of Catania promptly rushed into the

breach. There was not now, nor had there ever been, a Mafia in Catania, he

assured the press. The mayor of Palermo deplored such allusions. ‘Mafia,

Mafia… how people talk!’ he exclaimed. The president of the Sicilian Region

demanded clarification of the general’s remarks. ‘If these things are true, we

must take the consequences. If they are not true…’. He left the phrase

unfinished. On Dalla Chiesa’s 127th day in office… he was murdered… The

general’s solitude had made him vulnerable, wrote Judge Falcone afterward…

Cosa Nostra believed it could strike with impunity, because he personified only

himself.”



Claire Sterling, “Crime Without Frontiers", 1994, p203 – with regard to the re-

opening in London of the inquest into the death of Roberto Calvi:

“…as Britain’s Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd admitted when the case was re-

opened, Scotland Yard was ‘moving prudently in an investigation considered very

dangerous for the judges, the police, their families, everybody helping in some

way to collect evidence of the murderer’s guilt’”.



2. Freemasonry



“The Economist”, 26.12.92:

“There is a strong network of Masons at work in the European Parliament, which

has been accused of helping members to conceal corrupt dealings.”



Paul van Buitenen, interviewed by BBC News Online, 13.3.2000:

“…He spoke about his fears of Mafia and Masonic infiltration of the Brussels

machine… Asked about persistent rumours of Mafia involvement in Brussels, he

insisted he had no proof and was nervous of making any claims. ‘I have heard

certain things about Mafia involvement in Brussels… I have seen traces of

Masonic involvement and of networks where you don’t know what is happening.

But if I was quoted as saying there was Mafia involvement in the Commission,

first of all I am in serious trouble and secondly I cannot prove it. If you ask my

personal subjective opinion and I have to put money on it then I would have to

say ‘yes’… It is my personal conviction that in the European Parliament the

irregularities are at least as serious as in the Commission.”



Paul van Buitenen, “Blowing the Whistle”, Politico’s Publishing, 2000, p181:

“When Joep Dohmen’s book ‘Europese Idealisten’ was published I understood

why the largest political groups in the European Parliament were less than

enthusiastic about supporting a whistleblower. The book exposed cases of

favouritism and corruption by MEP’s. These included claiming attendance

allowances for sittings they had not attended (SiSo or Sign in Sod off), the

unauthorised use of private chauffeurs and official cars, conflicts of interest

between their membership of parliamentary committees and their association

with certain firms, family members based abroad being paid as assistants and

the role of masonic lodges. To my mind the most shocking example was the

political appointment of a director-general nominated by one of the large political

groups. The other large political group was prepared to go along with that if it

could put forward its own director-general, but there was only one vacant post.

No problem. A DG was divided, instantly creating two vacant posts. I often

thought of that later when my own case was under consideration. Apparently

that was a bit more difficult to resolve.”



Michael McGrade, “Bugnini, Bernadin and Basil: Modernist Masons or Masonic

Modernists?”, November 2000:

“In its 1 June 2000 edition, the liberal French weekly ‘Le Nouvel Observateur’

featured a lengthy, shocking report on French Freemasonry, citing case after

case of direct Masonic involvement in the most notorious criminal acts of the past

twelve years. From mafia-like penetration of big business and the magistracy to

assassination to public health catastrophes, it seems that virtually no aspect of

contemporary Gallic life – whether political, judicial, military, commercial, civil

administrative or law enforcement – is untouched by the corrupting hand of ‘les

franc-macons’…”most of the recent scandals of the Republic have implicated, to

various degrees, French masons… the press rarely speaks – except in veiled

terms – of the role of French masons in business and politics, even though their

presence is often a key to the decoding of affairs.” Indeed, the French media

itself is implicated in specific scandals, involving disinformation spread by a

“masonic network at the heart of the magistracy and the press”. Furthermore,

the closed-shop environment created wherever the Brotherhood gains a foothold

is a constant source of acrimony and division in both public and private sectors.

A former Cabinet Minister recalled that he had once made discreet application for

the presidency of a major French foundation: “They explained to me on all sides

that my career profile was right for the post, but that I had no chance: it was

reserved for a Brother”.”



David Yallop, “In God’s Name”, prologue/back cover text:

“On September 28, 1978, he [Pope John Paul I] had been pope for 33 days. In

little more than a month he had initiated various courses of action that, had they

been completed, would have had a direct and dynamic effect on us all. The

majority in this world would have applauded his decisions, a minority would have

been appalled. The man who had quickly been labelled ‘the smiling pope’

intended to remove the smiles from a number of faces on the following day. The

Vatican secretary of state, Cardinal Jean Villot… studied the list of appointments,

resignations to be asked for and transfers the pope had handed him. He had

advised, argued, remonstrated, but to no avail. Luciani [John Paul I] had been

adamant… There was one common denominator, one fact that linked each of the

men about to be replaced. Villot was aware of it. More important, so was the

pope. It had been one of the factors that had caused him to act, to strip these

men of real power… it was Freemasonry. The evidence the pope had acquired

indicated that within the Vatican City State there were over one hundred masons,

ranging from cardinals to priests. Luciani was further preoccupied with an illegal

masonic lodge that had penetrated far beyond Italy in its search for wealth and

power. It called itself P2. The fact that it had penetrated Vatican walls and

formed links with priests, bishops, and even cardinals made P2 anathema to

Albino Luciani. That evening, September 28, 1978, 33 days after his election,

Pope John Paul I, ‘the smiling pope’, was declared dead. No official death

certificate has ever been issued. No autopsy ever performed. His body was

hastily embalmed. Cause of death: unknown. And Vatican business

continues…”. [Luciani had been given the list of freemasons by a journalist; who

was later found dead in the street, shot through the mouth.]



Claire Sterling, “Crime Without Frontiers”, 1994, p63 and 230:

“In 1977, a covered Masonic lodge had formally invited the mafia to enrol two

members from each of the provinces in Sicily, guaranteeing secrecy… Nearly all

the top bosses had joined, defectors [pentiti] revealed. ‘Men of Honour who get

to be bosses belong to the Masonry: this must not escape you’, Messina [top

mafioso defector] told the Parliamentary Commission. ‘Because it is in the

Masonry that we can have total contact with businessmen, with the institutions,

with the men who administer power…’. Indeed, Messina added, this secret

Masonic connection is ‘an obligatory passage for the Mafia on a world level’”…

“In June 1993 [twelve years after the exposure of P2], a court in Trapani

convicted the head of a covered Masonic lodge called Iside 2, for the crime of

‘secret association’… The lodge membership had included leading Christian

Democrats, businessmen and mafia bosses…”.



Domenico Pacitti, “Guardian”, 7.7.98 – ‘Firm grip of corruption: the mafia menace

in Italian universities’:

“Diego Cuzzocrea, rector of the University of Messina in north-east Sicily, has

been charged with aiding and abetting the mafia… [he] is also being questioned

about the murder of medical professor Matteo Bottari, shot dead in a mafia car

execution in January… the University had provided a regular Godfather scenario

of violence stretching back 20 years and culminating in a two-year crescendo of

campus bombings, shootings, intimidations and murders… Messina committee

[for Peace and Unilateral Disarmament] member Giuseppe Restifo, a professor

of modern history at Messina and chairman of the local Green party regional

council, explains: ‘A natural subservience to power, the fear of retaliation, popular

scepticism in the efficacy of justice, and the sharing of common interests with

organised crime are the main reasons for reticence. This social consensus of

silence has produced a Kafkaesque feeling of cultural death, moral stagnation

and impending doom and must first be defeated if any real progress is to be

made’… Another committee member, Antonello Mangano, aged 23, presented a

painstakingly researched 400-page graduation thesis on the mafia to a stunned

examination commission in February. It explored the concept of mafia, tracing its

history and connections with Italian freemasonry, and documented its unchecked

presence within the University of Messina… The seven-minute oral exam, one of

the shortest on record, was witnessed by a packed hall of curious observers and

conducted by a commission of nine professors who denied him full honours…

Both the traditional Sicilian mafia, and the university mafias, he admits, share

many features such as the total lack of moral and social conscience, the code of

silence, the exchange of favours, membership of power groups prepared to

break the law, and the ruthless use of power to instill fear and a sense of

servility… Some of Italy’s strongest voices are joining the appeal for radical

change. President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, a former education minister, is known to

have persistently vetoed premier Romano Prodi’s recommendations of

freemason rectors for prestigious appointments.”



Derk Jan Eppink, “De Standaard”, 19.8.99:

“Freemasonry has in itself become an important contacts network for the highest

appointments… The structure of political appointments has infiltrated the Belgian

system and applies also for high-level administrative and diplomatic posts…

Freethinking has emerged from the shadows several times during recent

legislature, for example on 19 October 1995 when Willy Claes defended himself

to the Chamber against allegations of corruption. At that time he was secretary-

general of NATO and wanted to conserve his immunity… The session was held

behind closed doors. Claes had to present his own defence and addressed the

assembly’s Freethinkers in symbolic Masonic language. “I address those of you

who have also known the dark days before the light began to shine”, declared

Claes. The closed room was so silent that a pin could have been heard to drop,

“I am sure that my appeal will not be in vain”. Before that event, Claes’ friend

Freddy Willockx had telephoned around the ministers known or thought to be

freemasons, imploring them not to let “brother Willy Claes” down... Tension

between the Christian Democrats and Freethinkers reached a head on 8 May

1998 during a Chamber debate on the sect report compiled by a parliamentary

committee… The president of the enquiry commission was Serge Moureaux,

French-speaking Socialist minister and freemason. The proposal was introduced

by Antoine Duquesne, then minister of the French-speaking Liberal party and

currently Minister of the Interior, also a freemason… During the debate on 8 May

1998, the head of the Flemish Christian Democrat party angrily accused Mr

Moureaux of leading a ‘Lodge operation’.” Eppink also identified the holders in

1999 of the following ministerial portfolios in the Belgian federal government as

freemasons: two Deputy Prime Ministers; Employment; Foreign Affairs; Interior;

Public Function and Modernisation of Administration; Defence; Finance;

Telecommunications and Business and Public Participation; Secretary of State.

The Parliament voted to deprive Willy Claes of his immunity – although ten of the

150 MPs crossed party lines to support him.



3. Post-war American covert support for European unification



“Der Spiegel”, 33/1997, 11.8.97, p20:

“Konrad Adenauer, Winston Churchill and other leading European politicians in

the fifties took money from the CIA to fund their propaganda efforts, according to

documents in British and American archives. In the summer of 1948 Churchill,

then leader of the opposition in the British lower house, went to the Americans for

money to finance the movement toward a united Europe. This money was to

establish first an independent, international umbrella organisation of all European

groups in favour of a United States of Europe. On orders from the later CIA chief

Allen Dulles the Committee on United Europe was established to provide covert

funding. This organised and paid for Chancellor Adenauer’s plea for European

unification made in New York in 1953, financed hundreds of pro-European-unity

conferences and twice saved the European Movement, of which Adenauer was

honorary president, from bankruptcy… this involvement… cost the CIA between

three and four million dollars, more than half the money that the CIA then had at

its disposal.”





Richard J. Aldrich, “The Hidden Hand: Britain, America and Cold War Secret

Intelligence”, John Murray, London, 2001: Chapter 16, “The CIA’s Federalist

Operation: ACUE and the European Movement”, p342-369:

“Covert operations are central to any understanding of events in post-war

Western Europe… American officials, trying to stabilise post-war Europe in the

face of growing communist parties in France and Italy, assumed that this

required rapid unification, perhaps leading to a United States of Europe.

President Truman’s Marshall Plan was designed to encourage a federal

Europe… The creation of a federalist United States of Europe was therefore a

holy grail for Washington. Extensive covert operations for the specific promotion

of European unity were launched by the CIA’s greatest luminaries… The most

remarkable US covert operation was vast secret funding of the European

Movement. By the early 1950’s promoting European unity was the largest CIA

operation in Western Europe… The European Movement counted Winston

Churchill, Paul-Henri Spaak, Konrad Adenauer, Leon Blum and Alcide De

Gasperi as its five Presidents of Honour. In 1948, its main handicap was lack of

funds; indeed, it was bankrupt and close to collapse. The discreet injection of

more than $4 million by the CIA between 1949 and 1960 was central to efforts to

drum up mass support for the Marshall Plan, the Schuman Plan, the European

Defence Community and a European Assembly with sovereign powers. This

covert contribution never formed less than half the European Movement’s budget

and, after 1952, it was probably two-thirds… The conduit for American

assistance was the American Committee on United Europe (ACUE), directed by

senior figures from the American intelligence community… ACUE typifies the

liberal philosophy underpinning many such CIA covert operations. It made little

attempt to manipulate organisations or individuals… Indeed many Europeans in

receipt of covert funding belonged to the non-communist left, confirming Peter

Coleman’s adept characterisation of these CIA activities in Europe as a ‘liberal

conspiracy’… the broad objectives of American operations in post-war Europe

are now clear. The CIA… were creating stay-behind or GLADIO networks

against the possibility of a Soviet incursion into Western Europe. West European

political parties, often of the non-communist left and centre, were subsidised.

Famously, during the Italian election of 1948, various political groups were paid

millions of dollars which helped to revitalise the hitherto listless campaign of the

future Prime Minister, De Gasperi… Cord Meyer [a senior CIA official] recalled

that the ‘European political and cultural leaders who solicited our aid… made it a

condition that there be no publicity, since the Communist propaganda machine

could exploit any overt evidence of American support as proof that they were

puppets of the American imperialists’. This was certainly the case with the

European Movement… in November 1953, Baron Boel, the Treasurer of the

European Movement, explained that it was essential to avoid a situation where

opponents of European unity could accuse the organisation of being an

American creation… Funds from the Mutual Security Agency, the successor to

the Marshall Plan, were also used to support the European Movement; indeed

the [US] Mutual Security Act of 1951 explicitly stated that its resources were to

be used ‘to further encourage the economic and political federation of Europe’…

In July 1953 it [the CIA] surveyed all its work in Western Europe in the field of

political-psychological operations and covert action. It was clear about its major

achievements, which fell into two categories: ‘The major accomplishments of

political action and propaganda operations in Western Europe have been in the

area of European unification, and in reducing the power and influence of

Communism. Covert operations have been chiefly in support of overt US

Government actions to achieve greater military, economic and political

cooperation.’ In the summer of 1953, the CIA judged the acceleration of

European unity and co-operation to be its most successful area of covert

operations in Western Europe… Viewed from Europe, the most striking aspect of

the ACUE’s work is the extent to which officials working for European

reconstruction and unification shared the experience of wartime intelligence,

special operations and resistance. European unity had taken root in wartime

resistance movements. These links with clandestine organisations continued

into the post-war period. The emerging European Economic Community and the

growing Western intelligence community overlapped to a considerable degree.”



4. CIA involvement in post-war Italian politics and P2



The relationship between OSS, precursor of the CIA, and the mafia originated

during World War Two, when contact was made to facilitate the Allied invasion of

Sicily in 1943 (John Ranelagh, “The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA”,

Weidenfield and Nicolson, London, 1986, p50).



D Yallop, “In God’s Name”, Jonathan Cape, London, 1984, p117-8:

“From the early formation of P2, he [Gelli] had the active support and

encouragement of the CIA operating in Italy… Excluding Italy there are still

branches functioning in Argentina, Venezuela, Paraguay, Bolivia, France,

Portugal… Members are also active in Switzerland and the USA. P2 interlocks

with the Mafia in Italy, Cuba and the USA. It interlocks with a number of the

military regimes of Latin America, and with a variety of groups of neo-fascists. It

also interlocks very closely with the CIA.”

J. Patrice McSherry, “Operation Condor”, in journal “Social Justice”, Winter 1999,

v26, i4, p144 et seq:

“After World War II, top US national security strategists grew increasingly

alarmed by the advances of Communism in Eastern Europe and in the Far East.

US national security specialists embarked on a secret, multi-billion dollar project

to develop global covert warfare and propaganda machinery to wage Cold War

against Communism. National Security Council Directive 10/2 of June 1948

authorised a vast programme of clandestine ‘propaganda, economic warfare,

preventative direct action including sabotage, anti-sabotage, demolition, and

evacuation measures… [to be done so that] any US government responsibility for

them is not evident to unauthorised persons and that if uncovered the US

government can plausibly deny any responsibility’ ([US Congress] Church

Committee Report, Book IV, 1976:29-31). The earliest uses of targeted US

covert operations were in the Greek civil war and in the Italian elections of 1948,

in which the Communist Party (PCI) stood poised to gain power. Respected

domestically for its central role in the Italian antifascist resistance, the PCI was

subject to a covert US campaign of political manipulation, paramilitary action, and

propaganda to undermine its popularity. The Italian operation, which was

considered successful, set a precedent for CIA covert operations and dirty

methods that became standard practice. Throughout Europe, US and British

officials, operating within NATO, set up secret stay-behind armies to prepare for

a Communist invasion – and prevent Communist electoral victories… The US

pushed for a secret clause in the North Atlantic Treaty requiring the secret

services of all joining nations to establish their own brances of the secret army…

Charles de Gaulle pulled France out of NATO partially due to the secret protocol,

which he considered a violation of sovereignty, and he regarded the secret

network to be a danger to his government. Discovery of the covert project in

1990 caused a political firestorm in Europe. In that year, the European

Parliament passed a strongly worded denunciation of the clandestine

organisation, its antidemocratic implications, and the terrorist acts associated

with it… A 1992 BBC documentary on the Cold War featured an interview with

US Colonel Oswald Le Winter, who asserted that the CIA had penetrated or

controlled right-wing terrorist organisations, including P2, and recruited members

on the basis of anti-communism. [P2 Venerable Master] Gelli was a key figure

linking US officials, the CIA,… and there was overlap between Gladio and P2…

During the investigation of Gladio, former Italian Defence Minister Paulo Taviani

told a judge that the Italian secret services were directed and financed by CIA

officers stationed in the US Embassy…”



William Scobie, “Observer”, 18.11.90:

“Declassified secret service papers reveal that Ted Shackleton, deputy chief of

the CIA station in Rome in the 1970’s, introduced the notorious Licio Gelli – head

of the neo-fascist P2 masonic lodge and for years a fugitive in Argentina – to

General Alexander Haig, then Nixon’s chief of staff, and later, from 1974 to 79,

NATO supreme commander… After meetings between Gelli, Italian military brass

and CIA men in the embassy, Gladio was given renewed blessing – and more

money – by Haig and the then head of the National Security Council, Henry

Kissinger.” Gelli was later invited to President Reagan’s inaugural celebration.



Richard Bassett, “Times”, 24.7.90:

“Four programmes on state television (RAI) allege that the CIA paid Licio Gelli to

‘foment terrorist activities’. In the first programme someone described simply as

‘Agent Zero’ described how [Swedish Prime Minister Olaf] Palme had been

caught in a deal between the CIA and Iran to release American hostages in

Tehran. ‘Palme was a fly in the ointment so we got P2 to rub him out,’ the agent

said. The second programme, which showed the gaunt silhouette of ‘Agent Zero

One’, alleged that P2 was not wound up in the mid-1980’s, after the arrest of its

leader Licio Gelli. ‘It still exists. It calls itself P7,’ he said. According to the

agent, the lodge is still functioning with branches in Austria, Switzerland and East

Germany. ‘Zero One’ has now been revealed by the Italian press to be Dick

Brenneke, allegedly a career CIA officer.”



Paddy Agnew, “Irish Times”, 24.7.90:

“In the programme, Mr Brenneke alleged that throughout the 1970’s the CIA

made large sums of money available to the subversive masonic lodge, P2…

According to Mr Brenneke, P2, under the guidance of its Grand master, Mr Licio

Gelli, used some of the finance made available by the CIA to set up agencies in

West Germany, Austria and Switzerland. These agencies in turn were used by

P2 to set up the assassination of Palme, on the orders of the CIA.”



Mark Hosenball, Sunday Times, 29.7.90:

“In a four part special on RAI… Brenneke claimed he had been making payments

to members of P2, a right-wing masonic lodge, on behalf of the CIA from 1969 to

1980. He said he had made payments which ranged from $1m to $10m a month

and were part of the struggle against communism. He said P2 was also involved

in arms and drugs trafficking for the CIA.”



Ed Vulliamy, Guardian, 3.8.90:

“On the eve of the [tenth] anniversary [of the Bologna railway station bombing],

Liberato Mancuso, the Bologna judge who had led the investigation and secured

the initial convictions [of the Bologna bombers] broke six months of silence: ‘It is

now understood among those engaged in the matter of democratic rights that we

are isolated, and the objects of a campaign of aggression. This is what has

happened to the commission into the P2, and to the magistrates. The personal

risks to us are small in comparison with this offensive of denigration, which

attempts to discredit the quest for truth. In Italy there has functioned for some

years now a sort of conditioning, a control of our national sovereignty by the P2 –

which was literally the master of the secret services, the army, and our most

delicate organs of state”.



5. Contemporary US covert action in Europe

Sunday Times, 4.8.96; “CIA spies on Europe? American spies hack into Euro

computers to steal trade secrets”:

“American intelligence agents have hacked into the computer of the European

Parliament and European Commission as part of an international espionage

campaign aimed at stealing economic and political secrets, according to

investigators, write Tim Kelsey and David Leppard. The European Parliament

has called in British communications experts to improve its security and block

further attempts by American government agents to spy on its workings. Security

officials at the Parliament’s Luxembourg offices say they have discovered several

recent instances in which its communications systems was compromised by

American hacking. They have also found evidence that the Americans used

information obtained from hacking to help them in negotiations last year on the

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Gatt). Lord Plum, leader of the British

Tory MEPs in the European Parliament, said he was shocked by the disclosure.

“I will be taking this up directly with the American ambassador [to the European

Union]”, he said. The CIA has already been accused by the Japanese and

French governments of hacking into their communications networks in an attempt

to obtain confidential trade secrets. The European Parliament’s computer

network links more than 5,000 MEPs, officials, researchers, and other staff to

each other and to the European Commission headquarters in Brussels and the

Council of Ministers. Traffic across the network by telephone and computers

include details of the private medical and financial records of many MEPs and

officials, and discussion documents on confidential issues, including trade, tariff

and quota agreements. The records of closed committees of enquiry into BSE

and fraud are also stored on the system. European Parliament sources say the

Americans accessed the network by compromising the information exchanges

that link the Parliament’s internal networks with the Internet and external

computers. The devices called ‘routers’, filter entry to the European Parliament’s

network; it is understood the Americans were able to obtain access to what is

called the simple network management protocol (SNMP), the language that

enables the networks to talk to each other. They were able to exploit the fact that

parts of the system were manufactured by two American firms. The breach

came to light when officials believed that American negotiators had been given

advance warning of confidential European Union positions in last year’s trade

negotiations. “It was established that the system had been penetrated just days

before the talks”, an EU source said. “Our principal concern is not to establish

what has already been copied but to ensure that it does not happen again. This

is an on-going problem”. A spokeswoman for Antonio Cavaco, director of data

processing at the Commission, confirmed that allegations of hacking had been

investigated. However, she said she was unable to provide any details.”



Duncan Campbell, campaigning UK journalist; “Former CIA Director Says US

Economic Spying Targets ‘European Bribery’”; 12.3.2000:

“Former US CIA director James Woolsey confirmed in Washington this week that

the US steals economic secrets ‘with espionage, with communications

[intelligence], with reconnaisance satellites”, and there was now “some increased

emphasis” on economic intelligence. He claimed that economic spying was

justified because European companies had a ‘national culture’ of bribery and

were the ‘principle offenders from the point of view of paying bribes in major

international contracts in the world’.”



R James Woolsey, former Director CIA, in “The Wall Street Journal”, 17.3.2000,

‘Why We Spy on Our Allies’:

“Yes, my continental European friends, we have spied on you… The European

Parliament’s recent report on Echelon… has sparked angry accusations from

continental Europe that US intelligence is stealing advanced technology from

European companies so that we can – get this – give it to American companies

to help them compete. My European friends, get real… Most European

technology just isn’t worth our stealing… we have spied on you because you

bribe… you bribe a lot. So complicit are your governments that in several

European countries bribes are still tax-deductible.”



6. KGB involvement in European politics



Oleg Gordievsky, KGB political intelligence officer based in Denmark in the late

1960’s and early 1970’s; “My task was to acquire contacts in… any organisation

through which the KGB might be able to influence public opinion. I might, for

example, cultivate the head of an organisation opposed to the European

Common Market, because the policy of the Kremlin and the KGB was to split

Europe and prevent its consolidation” (Oleg Gordievsky, “Next Stop Execution”,

Macmillan, London, 1995, p192). Gordievsky also claimed to have “ran”, as a

KGB informant, a Member of the European Parliament (same reference, p193).





Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, “The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in

Europe and the West”, Allen Lane, London, 1999, p384 et seq:

During the Cold War the Soviet Union provided substantial financial and other

support to western communist organisations – in particular the Communist Party

of Italy (PCI) – as revealed by KGB documents smuggled to the West by the

defector Vasili Mitrokhin:

“’The profound, fraternal and genuine ties’ which bound the PCI to the Soviet

Union even after Soviet tanks had entered Prague had a secret dimension of

which very few Italian Communists outside the [PCI] Direzione were aware. After

the Colonels’ coup in Athens in 1967, the PCI general secretary, Luigi Longo,

and other Party leaders had become alarmed by the possibility of an Italian

military putsch on the Greek model. In the summer of 1967, Giorgio Amendola,

on behalf of the PCI Direzione, formally requested Soviet assistance in preparing

the Party for survival after a coup as an illegal underground movement. [The

Soviet] Politburo decision no. P50/P of 15 August authorised the [KGB] to draw

up a programme which was intended to give the PCI its own intelligence unit with

a fully trained staff and a clandestine radio communications system… three

Italian radio operators completed a four-month KGB training course. Other Party

members took courses in producing bogus identity documents, following a

syllabus which devoted ninety-six hours to rubber stamps and document seals,

six to the art of embossing with synthetic resins, six to changing photographs on

identity documents, six to making hand-written entries on documents and twelve

to ‘theoretical discussions’. These and other secret training courses continued at

least until the end of the 1970’s”. The Soviet Union also bank-rolled the PCI in

this period: e.g., $5.7m in 1972. “Moscow provided further financial assistance

through lucrative contracts with PCI-controlled companies in business ventures

ranging from Soviet oil imports to hotel construction in the Soviet Union” (p386).

“In December [1973] the PCI took secret delivery from the KGB of three

SELENGA radio stations in order to enable Party headquarters to maintain

contact with local branches if the PCI was forced underground… In the aftermath

of a coup the SELENGA radios would transmit messages to Moscow which

would then be retransmitted to local PCI underground groups by powerful Soviet

transmitters” (p386). In 1976, during which Moscow’s subsidy was $6.5m, “the

Party received a record 34.5% of the vote” (p388). However, not all Eastern Bloc

initiatives were financial or defensive in nature: “What most concerned the

leaders of the PCI, however, was support by the Czechoslovak StB [secret

service] for the Italian Red Brigades. Their anxieties reached a peak on 16

March 1978, when the Red Brigades ambushed a car carrying the president of

the Christian Democrats, Aldo Moro… the PCI Direzione… was privately

tormented by the fear that news of the support given to the Red Brigades by the

StB would leak out” (p389). The KGB also provided long-term support to other

European communist parties, in particular those of France and Spain.



7. Gladio



Wolfgang Achtner, “Sunday Independent”, 11.11.90:

“Andreotti… has admitted to Parliament that a covert intelligence service was set

up 40 years ago, with the help of the CIA and British agents to combat Soviet

subversion or aggression. Although no elected representatives save Prime

Ministers were told of its existence, it still exists.”



Richard Norton-Taylor, “Guardian”, 15.11.90:

“General Sir Anthony Farrar-Hockley, a former commander-in-chief of NATO

forces in northern Europe said… that a covert intelligence service was set up in

Italy with the help of British agents and the CIA – which also partly funded it. The

Italian branch of the network was known as ‘Operation Gladio’”.



Edward Lucas, “Independent”, 16.11.90:

“By the late 1960’s the CIA felt Gladio was expensive and out of control, but

decided not to close it down because it fostered useful contacts with the Italian

security establishment”.



UK magazine “Searchlight”, January 1991 report on “Gladio”:

”the Swedish post-war “Gladio” organisation was entitled ‘Sveaborg’, and was

mainly composed of veteran Swedish volunteer battalion members who fought in

the Finnish-Soviet war, some of whom went on to join the Waffen-SS Nordland

division… In the 1950’s, Sveaborg had over 1,000 ‘contact persons’ who were

the core of the would-be guerilla force. Many of these people were serving in the

Swedish armed forces and the group held regular military exercises… Today

Sveaborg keeps an extremely low profile but does exist and is said to have taken

younger people into its ranks… In her book ‘Hakkorset och Wasakarven’,

published this year, Dr Helena Loow of Gothenberg University’s Institute of

History wrote that Sveaborg ‘considered itself to be a secret unit whose foremost

task was to fight the enemy within and without’… It was in Norway that the first

hint of Stay Behind surfaced in 1978 when a police raid on shipowner Hans Otto

Mayer turned up a huge quantity of weapons, explosives and sophisticated

communications equipment. Mayer told the police investigators that he was the

leader of a Stay Behind group and after a brief row when police made this public

the story was quickly buried… The strength of the Italian Stay Behind group was

put at about 12,000 men. So far the existence of the plan has [been] officially

admitted in Holland, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland, Greece, Germany,

Turkey and Italy… Some of the objectives of the German Stay Behind conspiracy

were highlighted in a German Stern TV programme last month in which it was

reported that the assassination of left-wing politicians was planned by the

German wing of Stay Behind in the event of a Soviet invasion… Klaus Barbie

functioned as a recruiter… Documentary evidence in the hands of the British All-

Party Parliamentary War Crimes Group… shows that Barbie… was indeed in

close contact with the US secret services.”



Ed Vulliamy, “Guardian”, 16.1.91 and 5.12.90:

“The makings of the bomb which killed 85 people at Bologna railway station in

1980 came from an arsenal used by Gladio, the Italian wing of NATO’s

communist-resistance network, according to a parliamentary commission on

terrorism…”; “Links between Gladio, Italian secret service bosses and the

notorious P2 masonic lodge are manifold.”



Fiona Leney and Wolfgang Achtner, “Independent”, 10.11.90:

“Details of Gladio emerged after a Venetian magistrate, Felice Casson, stumbled

across records of the group during an enquiry into a terrorist murder [in 1972 of

three carabinieri at Peteano by a fascist car bomb, made using a Gladio

explosives cache] which took him into the archives of the Italian secret service.

[Prime Minister] Mr Andreotti, who has already been interviewed by judge

Casson, was forced to report to Parliament detailing the creation of the group…

[he] admitted that ‘certain activities had been carried out under a NATO umbrella

in consideration of a possible invasion, but said the organisation had ceased to

exist in 1972.”



Charles Richards, “Independent”, 1.12.90:

“Operation Gladio has been dismantled. General Paulo Inzerilli, chief of staff of

the Italian security service SISMI told the parliamentary committee on terrorism

that the Prime Minister issued the order on Wednesday.”



Bruce Johnston, “Sunday Times”, 9.12.90:

“[President] Cossiga delivered a eulogy on the paramilitary organisation in a

speech to carabinieri cadets at a training college in Rome. Calling members of

Gladio patriots, the President suggested the magistrate investigating the

organisation was inspired by the same subversive ideals that fuelled Italy’s left-

wing movements.”



Richard Norton-Taylor, “Guardian”, 16.11.90:

“The network… in Austria is called ‘Schwert’ (sword).”



Fiona Leney and Wolfgang Achtner, “Independent”, 10.11.90:

“The Belgian government said it was investigating possible links between its own

clandestine network and a spate of particularly brutal raids on supermarkets

around Brussels in the mid 1980’s, in which 28 people died. Several policemen

and right-wingers were arrested…”



P. Neuray, Associated Press, 14.11.90:

“’Shortly after I became Minister of Justice on January 16, 1984 I was informed

about ‘Stay Behind’”, former Justice Minister Jean Gol said in an interview with

the Socialist daily ‘Le Peuple’. He said Belgium’s 1984 budget contained 10

million francs to modernise the network’s sophisticated communications

equipment, code-named ‘Harpoon’… Gol said a total of 50 civilians were

members of Stay Behind in 1984… In Luxembourg, Prime Minister Jacques

Santer told Parliament… the Luxembourg network was recently disbanded.”



“Independent”, 16.11.90:

”Earlier this week, Belgium’s Defence Minister, Guy Coeme, said the Belgian arm

of the network, SDRA-8, set up with British weapons in 1949, was still active

under the head of the Belgian military’s intelligence service.”



Paddy Agnew, “Irish Times”, 15.11.90:

“In Paris the defence minister, Mr Jean-Pierre Chevenement, confirmed French

involvement in the network [named, ‘Glaive’; ‘sword’] but said that President

Mitterand had abolished it. The agency AFP claims that the disbandment is

‘recent’… [In Germany] A government spokesman said the government knew of

plans by US intelligence agencies to recruit a network of guerillas throughout

Europe and to prepare arms caches. The plans had been developed with the

knowledge of the West German secret service director, he said.”



Richard Norton-Taylor and David Gow, “Guardian”, 17.11.90:

“The German government is to disband its part of Gladio, the secret resistance

network, Bonn officials said yesterday. According to a German television report

[produced by Stern magazine], the section consisted of former SS and Waffen-

SS officers as well as members of an extreme rightwing group, the Federation of

German Youth, and drew up plans to assassinate leading figures of the

opposition Social Democratic Party in the event of a Soviet-led invasion.”



John Palmer, “Guardian”, 10.11.90:

“In Greece, defence minister, Yannis Varvitsiotis, has said local commandos and

the CIA set up a branch of the network in 1955 to organise guerilla resistance to

any Communist invader. Known as Operation Sheepskin, it was dismantled in

1988.”



“Independent”, 16.11.90:

“Andreas Papandreou, Greece’s former Socialist prime minister, said his

government had disbanded the Greek network, which he described as a ‘para-

state’ organisation… it was formed in 1955 as a secret part of the agreement to

set up US military bases in Greece.”



Richard Norton-Taylor, “Guardian”, 5.12.90:

“Officers in the [Gladio] underground unit were involved in the [Greek] Colonels’

coup in 1967… France proposed Spain for membership of the network in 1973

but Britain, Germany and the Netherlands blocked the move on the grounds that

Spain was not a democracy.”



Associated Press, 14 and 21.11.90:

“Dutch Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers confirmed in a Tuesday letter to Parliament

that his government is running its version of the Gladio group… ‘I cannot exclude

that [financial contributions by] private persons were used in protecting and

covering up certain activities’ of what he called the Stay Behind force. Dutch

newspapers reported last week that most of the organisation… was being paid

for by wealthy industrialists so that it could not be traced through government

spending records.”



John Palmer, “Guardian”, 10.11.90:

“In Portugal, a Lisbon radio station has reported that cells of the network

associated with Operation Gladio were active there during the 1950’s to defend

the rightist dictatorship of Dr Salazar.”



L Foyen, Reuters, 18.12.90:

“The Swedish government created in 1978 a fully-fledged network known only to

the Prime Minister and a few selected cabinet ministers, military leaders and

industrialists. It was led by a Swedish businessman… The network, supported

by the US CIA and Britain’s MI6, existed from 1958 until at least 1978 and

included 150 standby resistance leaders and special arms depots across

Sweden.”



Note: This letter was published as a JUST Response exclusive report on

September 24 2002.

Also in JUST Response

Auditing Euro-Court corruption

Complaint to EU Ombudsman Jacob Söderman

Complaint to EU Parliament backed by 205 staff

Freemasonry and mafia in EU institutional corruption

Swiss Connection and CIA under UN in Iraq

The Marta Andreasen and Fabra Valles cases

http://www.justresponse.net/DougalWatt20Aug02.html

http://freemasonrywatch.org/recently_initiated.html

Ex-CIA Director George Tenet Center of Criticism Over

Memoir

Sunday , April 29, 2007



The backlash has built up even before the official release of former CIA

Director George Tenet's memoir, with criticism about his version of the run-up to

the Iraq war, interrogation techniques and other events.



Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on Sunday disputed Tenet's claim that the

Bush administration, before the U.S.-led invasion in March 2003, never had a

serious debate about whether Iraq posed an imminent threat or whether to

tighten existing sanctions.



"The president started a discussion practically on the day that he took power

about how to enhance sanctions against Iraq," she said. "You may remember

that in his first press conference, he said the sanctions had become Swiss

cheese."



Rice, who was Bush's national security adviser in his first term, said the

administration reviewed the sanctions, went to the United Nations to strengthen

them and tried to tighten the no-fly zone in northern Iraq to better police Saddam

Hussein's forces.





She also said the question about the imminence of the threat was not "if

somebody is going to strike tomorrow."



"It's whether you believe you're in a stronger position today to deal with the

threat, or whether you're going to be in a stronger position tomorrow," she said.

"And it was the president's assessment that the situation in Iraq was getting

worse."



A Tenet associate, who spoke on condition of anonymity before the book's

release Monday, said Tenet was not talking about improving the sanctions, but

rather the debate about the wisdom of going to war. The associate said those

debates did not happen in the presence of Tenet or other senior CIA officials,

despite their participation in numerous discussions in the White House's

situation room.



The memoir from the second-longest serving CIA chief covers many topics —

from his attempts to help negotiate peace between the Israelis and the

Palestinians during the Clinton administration, to the days surrounding Sept.

11, 2001, and to the invasion of Iraq and its aftermath.

Looking ahead, he says, Al Qaeda wants to change history and meet its top

one goal of obtaining a nuclear device.



Tenet highlights the errors of others during his tenure from July 1997 to July

2004, such as the extraordinary efforts by Vice President Cheney and others to

connect Iraq and Al Qaeda.



Tenet also takes blame for other failures, such as the production of the botched

National Intelligence Estimate in 2002 that was used to justify invading Iraq.



Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., said he does not accept assertions from Tenet that

the U.S. government saved lives through some of the agency's most

aggressive interrogation techniques.



In an often defensive interview on CBS' "60 Minutes" aired Sunday, Tenet says

the intelligence gained from suspected terrorists in the CIA's covert detention

program and its "enhanced interrogation techniques" was more valuable than

all the other terrorism-related intelligence gathered by the FBI, the National

Security Agency and his own agency.



Yet McCain said the U.S. cannot torture people and maintain its moral

superiority in the world. "I don't care what George Tenet says. I know what's

right. I know what's morally right as far as America's behavior," the presidential

candidate and former prisoner-of-war said Sunday.



McCain said he does not accept Tenet's premise that the CIA's practices save

lives because torture and mistreatment historically have not worked in

intelligence collection. "We've gotten a huge amount of misinformation as well

as other information from these techniques," McCain said.



Tenet and the CIA deny using torture. But McCain's words suggest he believes

the CIA's practices amounted to torture and were wrong.



In his book, Tenet said McCain has engaged the country in an important moral

debate "about who we are as people and what we should stand for, even when

up against an enemy so full of hate they would murder thousands of our

children without a thought."



If elected officials believe certain interrogation actions put the country in a

difficult moral position, they should be stopped, according to Tenet, once the

Democratic staff director of the Senate Intelligence Committee.



Critics have started picking apart the book's accuracy. In a dramatic preface,

Tenet said he ran into former Pentagon adviser Richard Perle coming out of

the White House on Sept. 12, 2001, and Perle told him Iraq had to pay for the

attack. "They bear responsibility," Tenet recalls Perle saying.

On Sunday, Perle categorically denied the exchange to the editor of the

conservative Weekly Standard and noted he was out of the country until Sept.

15. Tenet's associate said the date may have been wrong, but the exchange

took place.



Writing in Sunday's Washington Post, the one-time head of Tenet's Usama bin

Laden unit, Michael Scheuer, said Tenet should have told his story sooner.





"At this late date, the Bush-bashing that Tenet's book will inevitably stir up

seems designed to rehabilitate Tenet in his first home, the Democratic Party.

He seems to blame the war on everyone but Bush (who gave Tenet the Medal

of Freedom) and former Secretary of State Colin L. Powell (who remains the

Democrats' ideal Republican)," Scheuer wrote.



A half-dozen former CIA officers — including counterterrorism experts Larry

Johnson and Vince Cannistraro — are urging Tenet to dedicate a significant

portion of his royalties to soldiers and families of those killed or wounded in

Iraq.



"We agree that the war of choice in Iraq was ill-advised and wrong headed. But

your lament that you are a victim in a process you helped direct is self-serving,

misleading and, as head of the intelligence community, an admission of failed

leadership," they wrote.



Rice appeared on CNN's "Late Edition," ABC's "This Week," and "Face the

Nation" on CBS. McCain was on "Fox News Sunday."

Former CIA Director George Tenet: Al Qaeda is in America

Friday , April 27, 2007



Al Qaeda is in the United States, former CIA Director George Tenet says, and he’s

surprised there have not been more attacks on American soil.



“I do know one thing in my gut,” Tenet writes in his upcoming book. “Al Qaeda

is here and waiting.”



Tenet, who served as CIA chief from 1997 to 2004, questioned how Al Qaeda

hasn’t sent “suicide bombers to cause chaos in a half-dozen American

shopping malls on any given day.”



Tenet's 549-page book, "At the Center of the Storm," published by

HarperCollins, is set to hit the bookstores on Monday.



Rep. Henry Waxman, D-Calif., invited Tenet to testify about Iraq war

intelligence on May 10 before the House Committee on Oversight and

Government Reform.



"The purpose of the hearing is to learn your views about one of the claims used

to justify the war in Iraq — the assertion that Iraq sought to import uranium from

Niger — and related issues," Waxman wrote to Tenet in a letter.



Tenet resigned as head of the U.S. intelligence agency in June 2004 amid

criticism over the handling of the Sept. 11 attacks and the war in Iraq.



Tenet also criticized the Bush administration for rushing to war without serious

debate.



"The president did wrestle with those very serious questions," White House

spokesman Dan Bartlett responded.



"I've seen meetings, I've listened to the president, both in conversations with

other world leaders like (British Prime Minister) Tony Blair, as well as internally,

where the president did wrestle with those very questions," Bartlett said on

NBC's "Today" show. "This president weighed all the various proposals,

weighed all the various consequences before he did make a decision."



Click here to read The New York Times report.



Tenet claimed that they inappropriately used his uttering of the phrase “slam

dunk,” which he said during a closed-door White House meeting, to defend the

administration’s insistence that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass

destruction.



"I am a bit confused by that because we have never indicated the president

made the sole decision based on that slam dunk comment,” Bartlett said.



Tenet also said aggressive interrogation tactics saved lives after Sept. 11,

2001, but insisted that none of those tactics can be defined as torture.



“We don’t torture people,” Tenet said in an interview scheduled to air Sunday

on CBS' "60 Minutes." “We don’t torture people. I don’t talk about techniques

and we don’t torture people.”



Gen. David Petraeus, the U.S. commander in Iraq, said he would let Tenet “speak

for himself.”



"We have a manual now that governs what we do and I think certainly for the

level of interrogator that we have, that they are very appropriate," Petraeus told

FOX News.



Tenet said the highly criticized program of questioning "high value" targets by

using sleep deprivation and water boarding, among other techniques, was

more valuable to the security of the United States than all the work done at the

FBI, the CIA and the National Security Agency, which tracks foreign electronic

communications.



Discussing at length the atmosphere at the CIA after the terror attacks, Tenet

said it was one of real fear and anxiety because no one knew when the other

shoe would drop and end up killing thousands of Americans in the process.



"I've got reports of nuclear weapons in New York City, apartment buildings that

are going to be blown up, planes that are going to fly into airports all over

again, plots that I don't know. I don't know what's going on inside the United

States and I'm struggling to find out where the next disaster is going to occur.

Everybody forgets one central context of what we lived through — the palpable

fear that we felt on the basis of the fact that there was so much that we did not

know," Tenet said in the interview.



Congress passed legislation last year defining what enhanced interrogation

techniques could be used during questioning of enemy combatants and

detainees. The move came after the Supreme Court demanded Congress

define the rules for interrogation. It defined abusive treatment of prisoners in

the legislation, though critics said it left unclear precisely the methods

permitted.

Asked about the Tenet interview, State Department spokesman Tom Casey

described the interrogation debate as old news.



"Look, I think these issues have been well-covered and well- discussed. The

U.S. does not support or condone torture. It does not practice torture. You've

heard our statements on that over a long period of time," Casey said.



He called the leak of that conversation dishonorable and despicable, CBS

reported.



FOX News' Catherine Herridge and The Associated Press contributed to this

report.

http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,269145,00.html







http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,268742,00.html





Former CIA Director George Tenet Defends Aggressive

Interrogation Tactics



The former head of the CIA says that aggressive interrogation tactics saved

lives after Sept. 11, 2001, and he insists none of those tactics can be defined

as torture.



"You know the image that's been portrayed is we sat around the fire and said

'oh, boy, we get to torture people,'" former CIA Director George Tenet says in

an interview to air Sunday. "But we don't torture people. Let me say that again

to you we don't torture people. ... I don't talk about techniques and we don't

torture people."



In CBS' "60 Minutes" interview, Tenet said the program of questioning "high

value" targets, a program that has been criticized for using sleep deprivation

and water boarding among other techniques, was more valuable to the security

of the United States than all the work done at the FBI, the CIA and the National

Security Agency, which tracks foreign electronic communications.





Discussing at length the atmosphere at the CIA after the terror attacks, Tenet

said it was one of real fear and real anxiety because no one knew when the

other shoe would drop and end up killing thousands of Americans in the

process.



"I've got reports of nuclear weapons in New York City, apartment buildings that

are going to be blown up, planes that are going to fly into airports all over

again, plots that I don't know. I don't know what's going on inside the United

States and I'm struggling to find out where the next disaster is going to occur.

Everybody forgets one central context of what we lived through — the palpable

fear that we felt on the basis of the fact that there was so much that we did not

know," Tenet said.



One of the most important Al Qaeda operatives to be questioned was Khalid Sheikh

Mohammed, who was picked up in March 2003 in Pakistan. According to Tenet,

Mohammed wanted to go to New York and get a lawyer before he would talk.



Congress passed legislation last year defining what enhanced interrogation

techniques could be used during questioning of enemy combatants and

detainees. The move came after the Supreme Court demanded Congress

define the rules for interrogation. It defined abusive treatment of prisoners in

the legislation, though critics said it left unclear precisely the methods

permitted.



Asked about the Tenet interview, State Department spokesman Tom Casey

described the interrogation debate as old news.



"Look, I think these issues have been well-covered and well- discussed. The

U.S. does not support or condone torture. It does not practice torture. You've

heard our statements on that over a long period of time."



Tenet also criticized the administration, claiming that they inappropriately used

his uttering of the phrase "slam dunk," which he said during a closed-door

White House meeting, to defend the administration's insistence that Saddam

Hussein had weapons of mass destruction.



He called the leak of that conversation dishonorable and despicable, CBS reports.

Osama bin Laden: Made in USA

by Jared Israel

[Written 28 August 1998. Posted 13 September 2001]

=======================================



[The following is an excerpt from 'Credible Deception,' a study of the 'N.Y. Times'

coverage of the U.S. missile attacks on Afghanistan and a pill factory in Sudan, in

August, 1998. The entire text can be read at http://emperors-

clothes.com/articles/jared/sudan.html - Jared Israel]





Most of us never heard of Osama bin Laden before last August 21st but by saying he was

"the preeminent organizer and financier of international terrorism in the world today,"

President Clinton conjured up images of rage and random mayhem that seemed to justify

swift, strong action.



We were told the main target of the missile attack was not just bin Laden, but: "...terrorist

facilities and infrastructure in Afghanistan. Our forces targeted one of the most active

terrorist bases in the world...a training camp for literally thousands of terrorists from

around the globe." (NY Times, 8/21/98, p. a12. )



This theme - that there is a terrorist organization which links the terrorist base in

Afghanistan with a terrorist factory in Sudan - is repeated throughout the August 21st NY

Times.



The Afghan "terrorist base" is of course Clinton's strong suit. A "terrorist base" is a place

where terrorists prepare for war; a "terrorist base" is fair game. Factories, on the other

hand, are a problem. Americans are squeamish about bombing factories and burning the

skin off the workers' backs. The trick is: link the base to the factory.



Here's the argument: terrorists, financed by the rich Osama bin Laden, mastermind of the

Embassy bombings, built a complex of terrorist training camps in Afghanistan. The U.S.,

arch-enemy of terror, rolled up its sleeves and destroyed these training camps and a bin

Laden-owned factory in Sudan as well. The U.S. has thereby sent a message to terrorists

around the globe. They can read our missiles. They will be hunted down and destroyed

without mercy. The U.S. is on the job.



But wait. What if the training camps were falsely portrayed? What if they had been built

by the U.S. government? What if bin Laden and his associates were in fact old CIA

hands?



It would be a bit awkward, wouldn't it?



If this was true, and if the Times knew it was true on August 21st, wouldn't the Times'

failure to print this information on page one constitute a profound betrayal of trust?

BUT THAT WAS THEN, THIS IS NOW...

The complex the U.S. attacked on August 20th is located near the Pakistani border:



''The camps, hidden in the steep mountains and mile-deep valleys of

Paktia province, were the place where all seven ranking Afghan resistance

leaders maintained underground headquarters and clandestine weapons

stocks during their bitter and ultimately successful war against Soviet

troops from Dec. 1979 to February 1989, according to American

intelligence veterans…The Afghan resistance was backed by the

intelligence services of the United States and Saudi Arabia...[and this

camp represents] ‘the last word in NATO engineering techniques.’" (NY

Times, 8/24/98, p.A1 & A7. )



And the "resistance fighters" whom the U.S. backed in the Afghan war during the 80s?



"Some of the same warriors who fought the Soviets with the CIA’s help

are now fighting under Mr. bin Laden’s banner." (ibid., p.A1)



So. These people, whom the U.S. government calls the worst terrorists in the world, were

set up in the business by the U.S. government. And the Times knew this on August 21st

when it devoted many articles to covering the missile attacks. The Times management

chose to withhold this critical information from the public.

The August 24th article quoted above unwittingly betrays the method by which the U.S.

government's sponsorship of bin Laden is justified. When the U.S. openly supported bin

Laden and friends, they were give a label ("resistance fighters") so they were ok. Now

they have been given a new label ("terrorists") and thus they are transformed. The U.S.

government is absolved of guilt because the people it supported in the past weren't these

terrorists it is bombing today, they were those resistance fighters. Amazing.



• '"When I use a word,' Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, 'it means

just what I choose it to mean— neither more nor less.'" (Lewis Carroll, Through

the Looking-Glass, ch. 6.)



Once renamed, these people, or anything or anyone the U.S. government accuses of being

linked to these people, can be bombed. No need for UN discussion, no need for proof, no

need for nothing: the U.S. is covert investigator, unyielding judge, impartial jury and

invincible executioner, all sanctified by the struggle against "terrorism."

Will bin Laden have his label changed back to "resistance fighter" when the U.S.

government once more requires his services?

This may sound preposterous. But consider that the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) has

made just such a transformation - in fact the KLA people have not just gone from

terrorists to freedom fighters, they have gone from terrorists/drug dealers all the way up

to Nation Builders. And incidentally, it is widely reported that Islamic Fundamentalist

terrorists have helped train and fought with the KLA. These KLA-helpers apparently

include Osama bin Laden's associates. So perhaps bin Laden has been rehabilitated and

re-transformed (!) already. [See footnote A]

IT'S THE MONEY, STUPID

But is emperors-clothes.com being fair? Was the U.S. government in actual partnership

with bin Laden and other "resistance fighters" during the Afghan war? Or was it just

giving these guys a little support against a common (Russian) foe?

Since the U.S. side of the relationship with bin Laden and friends was handled by CIA,

much of what took place is unknown. But we do know about one very important thing:

money.

How much money do you think the US and Saudi Arabia gave the "resistance fighters?" I

asked several people this question.

One guessed "a few hundred thousand dollars."

Another thought this was way to low. She guessed "$10-15 million."

The highest guess: $20 million.

The correct answer is: More than 6 billion dollars. (ibid.)

That's in 1980s money. And that’s just what they admit publicly. Remember, the

paymasters were the CIA and Saudi Arabian Intelligence, so the real figure could be

twice as high, or higher. The sky's the limit...

MS. ALBRIGHT REFLECTS ON TERROR

Speaking in Kenya on Aug. 18, 1998, Madeline Albright said:



'"Mr. bin Laden’s activities are inimical to those of [sic!] civilized people

in the world and in the U.S. And whatever the connection to this, [the

Embassy bombings,] I have said previously that his funding of terrorism is

something the world is quite aware of.'" (Times, 8/19, P.A4. Our italics;

her mangled sentence.)



The Times reports that Bin Laden has 250 million dollars and has used SOME of it to

build a terrorist network. (In other words, he still has the 250 million bucks, according to

the Times.)

Meanwhile the Times reports that the U.S. SPENT more than 6 billion dollars to support

terrorism - and that’s just in Afghanistan. In other words, the US no longer has the 6

billion bucks. And how many billions have been funneled to similar resistance fighters in

other lands? Such as the Kosovo Liberation (?) Army, or KLA? Consider again Ms.

Albright's statement:

"[These]activities are inimical to those of [sic!] civilized people in the world."

Don’t Albright's words fly back and accuse her? Isn’t it the governments of the United

States and Saudi Arabia who did something "inimical to civilized people" by "funding

terrorism" on a vast scale in Afghanistan? Hasn't this funding resulted in a true

catastrophe? Haven't our terrorists turned Afghanistan into a house of horrors?

Who is the greater terrorist? The person who pulls the trigger? Or the superpower that

recruits him, pays him, trains him, arms him to the teeth and builds him the finest state-

of-the-art training camp with room for "terrorists from all over the world?"

If a worldwide terrorist organization has been created by the people whom the U.S. and

Saudi Arabia paid during the Afghan war, aren't the U.S. and Saudi paymasters

responsible?

And isn't the U.S. government's claim that it has discovered the existence of a terrorist

organization disingenuous? After all, wasn't the purpose of spending (over) $6 billion the

creation of precisely such an organization? Wasn't that what they paid for?

The U.S. government says it had a good reason for bankrolling the Islamic

Fundamentalist terrorists in Afghanistan: namely, to stop the Russians. Shouldn't we ask:

to stop them from doing what? The government in Afghanistan was pro-Russian before

the Russians sent in troops and it stayed pro-Russian after the Russians sent in troops.

Why did the U.S. have to get involved? Were the Russians going to use Afghanistan as a

base for invading China? India? Iran? Pakistan? Sure they were, and I'm Teddy

Roosevelt. You can be Mae West, but only if you're good.

What relevance is the U.S. government claim that it had "good reasons" for lavishly

bankrolling the Afghan terrorists? Good enough for what? For destroying the lives of

most Afghans? And in any case, don't all terrorists claim they slaughter people for good

(by their standards) reasons? Did you ever hear a terrorist boast that he burned people to

death for a bad reason?

The U.S. did not intervene in Afghanistan because the Russian presence was changing

the international balance of power. Rather, using the Russian presence as a pretext, the

U.S. intervened because this was a chance to change the international balance of power.

In the process, our government destroyed the lives of hundreds of thousands of Afghans

and created an international force of Islamic Fundamentalist terrorists who wreck havoc

from Bosnia to New York - and who continue to plague the Russian people, most

recently in Dagestan.

WHO IS BIN LADEN, ACTUALLY?

According to the Times, bin Laden et al were CIA employees, given the best training,

arms, facilities, and lots of cash for many years. That's what the Times reported on

August 24, 1998.

In other articles during the same period, the Times reported that bin Laden is a deadly

enemy of the U.S. The Times skips over this amazing change lightly in a couple of

articles, commenting that the relationship changed, without asking too many questions. In

other words, once again, the government line is accepted as self evident.

Should we believe that the transformation from employee to enemy has really taken

place? Is bin Laden an enemy in fact, or is he, like so much else that comes out of the

White House, an enemy in fiction?

Remember that during the 80s our leaders swore bin Laden and friends were good guys:

"resistance fighters." Wasn't that a lie? If the government was lying about them then, why

couldn't it be lying about them now?

Let's do a little imagining. Let's imagine that bin Laden et al are still CIA employees.

Could it be that the missile attack was not intended to destroy bin Laden or his

supporters? Could it be the attack was intended to build respect for bin Laden among

Muslims who oppose the U.S. government? To lend him credibility as a serious opponent

of U.S. domination? Is his new job to siphon Arab anger into regressive Fundamentalist

movements and thereby destabilize secular Muslim societies which might resist U.S.

control? After all, Islamic Fundamentalists have proven themselves the most effective

enemies of independent-minded governments. This is precisely why the U.S. created an

Islamic Fundamentalist proxy army in Afghanistan in the first place. And there is

evidence the CIA is doing the same thing today in Algeria - covertly supporting a jihad

(Islamic holy war) aimed at disrupting a secular Muslim society not under U.S. control.

And/or is bin Laden's new assignment perhaps to be a bogey-man of convenience whom

the U.S. government can link to any government it wishes to bomb?

Does this sound crazy? Maybe it does at that, but is it any crazier than the admitted fact

that the U.S. gave these vicious terrorists more than $6 billion in the first place? Could it

be that the lunatics are indeed in control of the asylum?

Six BILLION dollars in 1980s money. How much is that in today's money? Ten billion?

Just think. Instead of turning Afghanistan into a living hell they could have cured cancer.

***

Further Reading:

Note: These articles were written two to four years after the above text.

A) 'Bin Laden in the Balkans'

Mainstream news accounts of bin Laden's involvement in CIA-linked terrorist

organizations helping NATO attack Yugoslavia and Macedonia years after he supposedly

broke with the CIA.

[Posted 3 October 2001]

http://emperors-clothes.com/news/binl.htm

1) Rick Rozoff takes a critical look at Washington's response to Tuesday's tragedies in

'Bush's Press Conference: Into the Abyss' at http://emperors-

clothes.com/articles/rozoff/abyss.htm

2) While Washington points to Osama bin Laden as "suspect # 1" in yesterday's horrific

violence, the truth is not being told to the American people: 'Washington Created Osama

bin Laden' by Jared Israel can be read at http://emperors-

clothes.com/articles/jared/sudan.html#w

3) If one looks carefully, one can find in the Western media evidence that bin Laden has

been involved - on the U.S.-backed side - in Kosovo, Bosnia and now Macedonia.

4) Bin Laden was propelled into power as part of the U.S. drive to create an Islamist

terrorist movement to crush the former Soviet Union. See, the truly amazing account

from the 'Washington Post,' 'Washington's Backing of Afghan Terrorists: Deliberate Policy.' at

http://emperors-clothes.com/docs/anatomy.htm

5) Head of Russian Navy says official scenario couldn't have happened. See 'Russian Navy

Chief Says Official 9-11 Story Impossible' at http://emperors-clothes.com/news/navy.htm

6) Emperor's Clothes has interviewed Rudi Dekkers from the Huffman Aviation facility,

at which two of the hijack suspects were students a year ago. Though Mr. Dekkers' told

the interviewer he had received many calls, the media has not published his comments.

The interview was taped and the text on Emperor's Clothes is a verbatim transcript,

including the grammatical errors common in daily speech. See "Interview With Huffman

Aviation Casts Doubt on Official Story" at http://emperors-

clothes.com/interviews/dekkers.htm

http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/CIA_Created_Osama.htm







How the CIA created Osama bin Laden

BY NORM DIXON ©, 19 September 2001

This article first appeared in Green Left Weekly, Australia's leading leftwing

newspaper. Posted with permission of the author.



“Throughout the world ... its agents, client states and satellites are on the

defensive — on the moral defensive, the intellectual defensive, and the

political and economic defensive. Freedom movements arise and assert

themselves. They're doing so on almost every continent populated by man

— in the hills of Afghanistan, in Angola, in Kampuchea, in Central

America ... [They are] freedom fighters.”



this a call to jihad (holy war) taken from one of Islamic fundamentalist Osama bin

Laden's notorious fatwas? Or perhaps a communique issued by the repressive Taliban

regime in Kabul?



In fact, this glowing praise of the murderous exploits of today's supporters of arch-

terrorist bin Laden and his Taliban collaborators, and their holy war against the “evil

empire”, was issued by US President Ronald Reagan on March 8, 1985. The “evil

empire” was the Soviet Union, as well as Third World movements fighting US-backed

colonialism, apartheid and dictatorship.



How things change. In the aftermath of a series of terrorist atrocities — the most

despicable being the mass murder of more than 6000 working people in New York and

Washington on September 11 — bin Laden the “freedom fighter” is now lambasted by

US leaders and the Western mass media as a “terrorist mastermind” and an “evil-doer”.



Yet the US government refuses to admit its central role in creating the vicious movement

that spawned bin Laden, the Taliban and Islamic fundamentalist terrorists that plague

Algeria and Egypt — and perhaps the disaster that befell New York.



The mass media has also downplayed the origins of bin Laden and his toxic brand of

Islamic fundamentalism.



Mujaheddin



In April 1978, the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) seized power in

Afghanistan in reaction to a crackdown against the party by that country's repressive

government.

The PDPA was committed to a radical land reform that favoured the peasants, trade

union rights, an expansion of education and social services, equality for women and the

separation of church and state. The PDPA also supported strengthening Afghanistan's

relationship with the Soviet Union.

Such policies enraged the wealthy semi-feudal landlords, the Muslim religious

establishment (many mullahs were also big landlords) and the tribal chiefs. They

immediately began organizing resistance to the government's progressive policies, under

the guise of defending Islam.

Washington, fearing the spread of Soviet influence (and worse the new government's

radical example) to its allies in Pakistan, Iran and the Gulf states, immediately offered

support to the Afghan mujaheddin, as the “contra” force was known.

Following an internal PDPA power struggle in December 1979 which toppled

Afghanistan's leader, thousands of Soviet troops entered the country to prevent the new

government's fall. This only galvanized the disparate fundamentalist factions. Their

reactionary jihad now gained legitimacy as a “national liberation” struggle in the eyes

of many Afghans.

The Soviet Union was eventually to withdraw from Afghanistan in 1989 and the

mujaheddin captured the capital, Kabul, in 1992.

Between 1978 and 1992, the US government poured at least US$6 billion (some

estimates range as high as $20 billion) worth of arms, training and funds to prop up the

mujaheddin factions. Other Western governments, as well as oil-rich Saudi Arabia,

kicked in as much again. Wealthy Arab fanatics, like Osama bin Laden, provided

millions more.

Washington's policy in Afghanistan was shaped by US President Jimmy Carter's national

security advisor, Zbigniew Brzezinski, and was continued by his successors. His plan

went far beyond simply forcing Soviet troops to withdraw; rather it aimed to foster an

international movement to spread Islamic fanaticism into the Muslim Central Asian

Soviet republics to destabilize the Soviet Union.

Brzezinski's grand plan coincided with Pakistan military dictator General Zia ul-Haq's

own ambitions to dominate the region. US-run Radio Liberty and Radio Free Europe

beamed Islamic fundamentalist tirades across Central Asia (while paradoxically

denouncing the “Islamic revolution” that toppled the pro-US Shah of Iran in 1979).

Washington's favoured mujaheddin faction was one of the most extreme, led by

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. The West's distaste for terrorism did not apply to this unsavory

“freedom fighter”. Hekmatyar was notorious in the 1970's for throwing acid in the faces

of women who refused to wear the veil.

After the mujaheddin took Kabul in 1992, Hekmatyar's forces rained US-supplied

missiles and rockets on that city — killing at least 2000 civilians — until the new

government agreed to give him the post of prime minister. Osama bin Laden was a close

associate of Hekmatyar and his faction.

Hekmatyar was also infamous for his side trade in the cultivation and trafficking in

opium. Backing of the mujaheddin from the CIA coincided with a boom in the drug

business. Within two years, the Afghanistan-Pakistan border was the world's single

largest source of heroin, supplying 60% of US drug users.

In 1995, the former director of the CIA's operation in Afghanistan was unrepentant about

the explosion in the flow of drugs: “Our main mission was to do as much damage as

possible to the Soviets... There was a fallout in terms of drugs, yes. But the main

objective was accomplished. The Soviets left Afghanistan.”

Made in the USA



According to Ahmed Rashid, a correspondent for the Far Eastern Economic

Review, in 1986 CIA chief William Casey committed CIA support to a long-standing

ISI proposal to recruit from around the world to join the Afghan jihad. At least 100,000

Islamic militants flocked to Pakistan between 1982 and 1992 (some 60,000 attended

fundamentalist schools in Pakistan without necessarily taking part in the fighting).

John Cooley, a former journalist with the US ABC television network and author of

Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism, has revealed that Muslims

recruited in the US for the mujaheddin were sent to Camp Peary, the CIA's spy

training camp in Virginia, where young Afghans, Arabs from Egypt and Jordan, and even

some African-American “black Muslims” were taught “sabotage skills”.

The November 1, 1998, British Independent reported that one of those charged with

the 1998 bombings of US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, Ali Mohammed, had trained

“bin Laden's operatives” in 1989.

These “operatives” were recruited at the al Kifah Refugee Centre in Brooklyn, New

York, given paramilitary training in the New York area and then sent to Afghanistan with

US assistance to join Hekmatyar's forces. Mohammed was a member of the US army's

elite Green Berets.

The program, reported the Independent, was part of a Washington-approved plan

called “ Operation Cyclone”.

In Pakistan, recruits, money and equipment were distributed to the mujaheddin

factions by an organization known as Maktab al Khidamar (Office of Services — MAK).

MAK was a front for Pakistan's CIA, the Inter-Service Intelligence Directorate. The ISI

was the first recipient of the vast bulk of CIA and Saudi Arabian covert assistance for the

Afghan contras. Bin Laden was one of three people who ran MAK. In 1989, he took

overall charge of MAK.

Among those trained by Mohammed were El Sayyid Nosair, who was jailed in 1995 for

killing Israeli rightist Rabbi Meir Kahane and plotting with others to bomb New York

landmarks, including the World Trade Center in 1993.

The Independent also suggested that Shiekh Omar Abdel-Rahman, an Egyptian

religious leader also jailed for the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, was also

part of Operation Cyclone. He entered the US in 1990 with the CIA's approval. A

confidential CIA report concluded that the agency was “partly culpable” for the 1993

World Trade Center blast, the Independent reported.



Bin Laden



Osama bin Laden, one of 20 sons of a billionaire construction magnate, arrived in

Afghanistan to join the jihad in 1980. An austere religious fanatic and business tycoon,

bin Laden specialized in recruiting, financing and training the estimated 35,000 non-

Afghan mercenaries who joined the mujaheddin.

The bin Laden family is a prominent pillar of the Saudi Arabian ruling class, with close

personal, financial and political ties to that country's pro-US royal family.

Bin Laden senior was appointed Saudi Arabia's minister of public works as a favour by

King Faisal. The new minister awarded his own construction companies lucrative

contracts to rebuild Islam's holiest mosques in Mecca and Medina. In the process, the bin

Laden family company in 1966 became the world's largest private construction company.

Osama bin Laden's father died in 1968. Until 1994, he had access to the dividends from

this ill-gotten business empire.

(Bin Laden junior's oft-quoted personal fortune of US$200-300 million has been arrived

at by the US State Department by dividing today's value of the bin Laden family net

worth — estimated to be US$5 billion — by the number of bin Laden senior's sons. A

fact rarely mentioned is that in 1994 the bin Laden family disowned Osama and took

control of his share.)

Osama's military and business adventures in Afghanistan had the blessing of the bin

Laden dynasty and the reactionary Saudi Arabian regime. His close working relationship

with MAK also meant that the CIA was fully aware of his activities.

Milt Bearden, the CIA's station chief in Pakistan from 1986 to 1989, admitted to the

January 24, 2000, New Yorker that while he never personally met bin Laden, “Did I

know that he was out there? Yes, I did ... [Guys like] bin Laden were bringing $20-$25

million a month from other Saudis and Gulf Arabs to underwrite the war. And that is a lot

of money. It's an extra $200-$300 million a year. And this is what bin Laden did.”

In 1986, bin Laden brought heavy construction equipment from Saudi Arabia to

Afghanistan. Using his extensive knowledge of construction techniques (he has a degree

in civil engineering), he built “training camps”, some dug deep into the sides of

mountains, and built roads to reach them.

These camps, now dubbed “terrorist universities” by Washington, were built in

collaboration with the ISI and the CIA. The Afghan contra fighters, including the tens of

thousands of mercenaries recruited and paid for by bin Laden, were armed by the CIA.

Pakistan, the US and Britain provided military trainers.

Tom Carew, a former British SAS soldier who secretly fought for the mujaheddin

told the August 13, 2000, British Observer, “The Americans were keen to teach the

Afghans the techniques of urban terrorism — car bombing and so on — so that they

could strike at the Russians in major towns ... Many of them are now using their

knowledge and expertise to wage war on everything they hate.”

Al Qaeda (the Base), bin Laden's organization, was established in 1987-88 to run the

camps and other business enterprises. It is a tightly-run capitalist holding company —

albeit one that integrates the operations of a mercenary force and related logistical

services with “legitimate” business operations.

Bin Laden has simply continued to do the job he was asked to do in Afghanistan during

the 1980's — fund, feed and train mercenaries. All that has changed is his primary

customer. Then it was the ISI and, behind the scenes, the CIA. Today, his services are

utilized primarily by the reactionary Taliban regime.

Bin Laden only became a “terrorist” in US eyes when he fell out with the Saudi royal

family over its decision to allow more than 540,000 US troops to be stationed on Saudi

soil following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

When thousands of US troops remained in Saudi Arabia after the end of the Gulf War,

bin Laden's anger turned to outright opposition. He declared that Saudi Arabia and other

regimes — such as Egypt — in the Middle East were puppets of the US, just as the

PDPA government of Afghanistan had been a puppet of the Soviet Union.

He called for the overthrow of these client regimes and declared it the duty of all

Muslims to drive the US out of the Gulf states. In 1994, he was stripped of his Saudi

citizenship and forced to leave the country. His assets there were frozen.

After a period in Sudan, he returned to Afghanistan in May 1996. He refurbished the

camps he had helped build during the Afghan war and offered the facilities and services

— and thousands of his mercenaries — to the Taliban, which took power that September.

Today, bin Laden's private army of non-Afghan religious fanatics is a key prop of the

Taliban regime.

Prior to the devastating September 11 attack on the twin towers of World Trade Center,

US ruling-class figures remained unrepentant about the consequences of their dirty deals

with the likes of bin Laden, Hekmatyar and the Taliban. Since the awful attack, they have

been downright hypocritical.

In an August 28, 1998, report posted on MSNBC, Michael Moran quotes Senator Orrin

Hatch, who was a senior member of the Senate Intelligence Committee which approved

US dealings with the mujaheddin, as saying he would make “the same call again”,

even knowing what bin Laden would become.

“It was worth it. Those were very important, pivotal matters that played an important role

in the downfall of the Soviet Union.”

Hatch today is one of the most gung-ho voices demanding military retaliation.

Another face that has appeared repeatedly on television screens since the attack has been

Vincent Cannistrano, described as a former CIA chief of “counter-terrorism operations”.

Cannistrano is certainly an expert on terrorists like bin Laden, because he directed their

“work”. He was in charge of the CIA-backed Nicaraguan contras during the early 1980's.

In 1984, he became the supervisor of covert aid to the Afghan mujaheddin for the US

National Security Council.

The last word goes to Zbigniew Brzezinski: “What was more important in the world view

of history? The Taliban or the fall of the Soviet Empire? A few stirred up Muslims or the

liberation of Central Europe and the end of the Cold War?”