Alleghany Orogeny
Birth of Pangea
Alleghany Orogeny
• Final event in the assembly of Pangea
• Iapetus Ocean is completely closed
• Gondwana collides with Laurentia
– Western Africa collides with Eastern North
America
• Largest orogenic event in southern
Appalachians
Structural Effects: tilting/folding
Structural and Stratigraphic Effects:
Folded Molasse
Structural Effects: folding
Stratigraphic Effects: angular
unconformity and molasse
Relief and included fragments
along unconformity
Molasse with a difference: coal
Coal Breaker
Coal end use
Coal to electricity
Effects of coal use: abandoned
strip mines, mine spoil and acidity
Sheridan Banks: mine spoil
Sheridan Banks: mine spoil
Sediment loading and AMD
AMD: acid mine drainage
AMD and ‘red boy’
AMD from the subsurface
Appalachians and Appalachian Basin
Appalachian Provinces
Appalachian Provinces
Appalachian Provinces