Baseball
Accelerated Geoscience
Final Exam Review
1
• What are 4 • Name 5 tests that
characteristics that can be used for
all minerals share? mineral ID
• Answer:
– 4 of the following:
• Answer:
– Definite chem 5 of the following:
composition
Hardness Color
– Occur naturally
– Inorganic Luster Streak
– Solid at room temp Cleavage Acid
– Atoms orderly Smell Feel
arrangement
Magnetism Taste
2
• What mineral • What mineral is the
reacts with acid? only one that is
• Answer: magnetic?
– Calcite • Answer:
– Magnetite
3
• What mineral • What mineral looks
tastes like (is) salt? like gold?
• Answer: • Answer:
– Halite Iron Pyrite/fool’s gold
4
• What is the • What is the
hardness of your hardness of the
fingernail? steel file?
• Answer:
– 2.5
• Answer:
– 6.5
5
• Why is color not • Name the three
the best property types of rocks
for mineral ID? • Answer:
• Answer: – Igneous, metamorphic,
– There can be sedimentary
impurities and/or
several minerals can
have the same color
6
• What three • Name two glassy
textures that igneous rocks
igneous rocks can • Answer:
possess?
– 2 of the following:
• Answer: – Obsidian, scoria, pumice
– Course-grained, fine-
grained, glassy
7
• What is the main • What course-
igneous rock that grained igneous
you would find on rock makes up
an ocean plate? many mountains?
• Answer:
– Basalt • Answer:
– Granite
8
• What are the three • Name two clastic
types of sedimentary rocks.
sedimentary rocks? • Answer:
• Answer: – Two of the following:
– Clastic, organic, – Conglomerate, sandstone,
chemical
shale
9
• How do chemical • What are the
sedimentary rocks requirements for
form? metamorphosis?
• Answer:
– From the evaporation
• Answer:
of mineral-rich bodies – Heat and pressure
of water
10
• What is the hardest • What are the three
and most valuable categories of
form of coal? metamorphic
• Answer: rocks?
– anthracite
• Answer:
– Banded, foliated, massive
11
• What is the banded • Name two foliated
metamorphic rock metamorphic rocks
and from what and the rock from
igneous rock was it which they formed.
formed?
• Answer: • Answer:
– Gneiss formed from – 2 of the following
granite – Slate (from shale)
– Anthracite coal (from
bituminous coal)
– Schist (from slate)
12
• What is the age of • According to the
an igneous law of
intrusion superposition,
compared to the where would you
rock layers it
intrudes? find the youngest
• Answer: rock layers?
– It is younger • Answer:
– On/near the surface (top
of sedimentary rock layers)
13
• What type of rocks • What are the
often contain characteristics of
fossils? an index fossil?
• Answer:
– Sedimentary
• Answer:
– Wide geographic
distribution and existed for
short time
14
• What term is • What type of
defined as the radioisotope would
amount of time it be used to date a
takes for 50% of a fossil that is
radioisotope to
decay? suspected to be
• Answer: about 10,000 years
– Half-life old
• Answer:
– Carbon-14 or Carbon
dating 15
• How much of the • What term is
radioactive parent defined by “the
material would present is the key to
exist after three the past?”
half-lives
• Answer: • Answer:
– 12.5% or 1/8 of the – Uniformitarianism
original amount
16
• Name three of the • What layer of the
four types of plate Earth has partially
boundaries melted rocks and
• Answer: convection
– 3 of the following:
– Collision
currents?
– Subduction • Answer:
– Diverging – The asthenosphere
– Sliding/transform
17
• What type of • Name the other two
volcano alternates types of volcanoes.
between eruptions • Answer:
of ash and lava?
– Cinder cone and shield
• Answer:
– Composite
18
• What volcano • What are two
produces primarily features found at
basaltic lava? diverging plate
• Answer: boundaries
– Shield
• Answer:
– Mid-ocean ridge
– Rift valley
19
• How did the • What are two
Hawaiian Islands features found at a
form?
• Answer:
subduction
– The Pacific plate moved boundary?
over a stationary hot spot;
the island chain formed in
a line as the movement
• Answer:
progressed – 2 of the following:
– Deep sea trench, mountain
building (volcanoes),
earthquakes
20
• Name three pieces of • What type of fault
evidence used to results from
support the idea that
Pangea existed. compressional
• Answer: stress?
– 3 of following:
– Puzzle fit of continents, • Answer:
unique rocks on S. – Reverse fault
American and African
coasts, unique fossils on S.
American and African
coasts, mountain ranges
continous from N. America
and Europe, tropical plants
in cold regions
21
• What three types of • What is the order of
waves are released arrival time at
by an earthquake? seismograph station
• Answer: (speed)?
– S, P, and L waves
• Answer:
– P, S, L
22
• How much more • What happens to S-
intense is an P lag time if the
earthquake with distance from an
magnitude 8 vs. earthquake to the
earthquake of
magnitude 6? seismograph station
• Answer: increases
– 100 times as great • Answer:
– The lag time also increases
23
• Name three types • What is a contour
of mountains we interval
studied. • Answer:
• Answer: – The amount of elevational
– 3 of the following: change between contour
– Fault block lines
– Folded
– Volcanic
– Dome
24
• How can you • What is a
identify a river on benchmark?
a topographic map • Answer:
(besides the name
– A marker in the ground
of the river!) indicating the exact
• Answer: elevation above sea level
– The contour lines
point upstream in a
“V” pattern
25
• How are hills • Name 3 examples
shown on a topo of physical (mech.)
map? weathering.
• Answer:
– Concentric circles
• Answer:
– 3 of the following:
– Roots growing into rock
– Ice wedging
– Heating/cooling
– Wave action
– Wetting and drying
– Exfoliation 26
• What shape is a • What are
valley formed by a moraines?
youthful river? • Answer:
• Answer: – The general game for the
– V-shaped accumulation of rock and
soil materials deposited at
the end or sides of glaciers
27
• What type of lakes • What is a meander
are often formed and what could be
when a glacier formed if it
retreats, but leaves continues to grow?
a huge chunk of
ice to melt? • Answer:
• Answer: – A meander is a bend in an
– Kettle lakes old-age river, and
eventually could form an
oxbow lake
28
• What type of front • What large
could produce vertically forming
short bursts of thunderclouds are
thunderstorms, often associated
hail, and
tornadoes? with these storms?
• Answer: • Answer:
– Cold front – Cumulonimbus clouds
29
• What are five things • What natural
that we studied that phenomenon
can be ascertained
from a station model? results from the
• Answer: spinning of the
–
–
5 of the following:
Wind speed -Temp.
Earth and
– Wind direction -DewPt influences air and
– Cloud cover
– Pressure ocean movement
– Present/past precipitation
– Cloud types
• Answer:
– Others? – Coriolis effect
30
• What term • What two
describes the charactistics would
temperature at exist for maritime
which relative tropical air masses?
humidity is 100%?
• Answer: • Answer:
– Dew point – Warm and moist
31
• From what type of • What symbols are
pressure center do found on the line
weather fronts for a cold front?
extend?
• Answer:
• Answer:
– Triangles (blue)
– Low pressure center
32
• What name is • What effect do large
given to elongated, bodies of water
tear-shaped have on
deposits of glacial temperature.
till?
• Answer: • Answer:
– Drumlins – They have a moderating
effect (warmer by water in
winter, and cooler in
summer)
33
• What is the difference • What two days of
between climate and the year have the
weather?
• Answer:
most and least
– Climate involves long-term hours of sunlight
patterns of an area, while
weather refers to the (N. hemisphere)?
specific conditions that are
occurring at a particular
place at a particular time
• Answer:
– June 21 most, December
21 least
34
• What type of storm • What part of the
produces the planet experiences
world’s strongest the largest extremes
winds? of temperature and
• Answer:
– Tornadoes
daylight?
• Answer:
– The north and south pole
35
• What phenomenon • Why does it tend to
results from altered rain more on the
ocean currents in windward side of a
the southern mountain?
Pacific Ocean?
• Answer: • Answer:
– El Nino – Moist air cools as it rises
to go over the mountain;
as it cools the precipitation
falls
36
• What is the specific • Where in a
heat capacity of a thunderstorm do
substance? tornadoes often
• Answer: occur?
– The resistance by an
object to a change in • Answer:
temperature – At the back of the storm
37
• Name 4 of earth’s • Which of the
biomes biomes at the left do
• Answer: we live in?
– 4 of the following:
–
–
Grasslands
Tropical rainforest
• Answer:
– Taiga – Deciduous forest
– Temperate/deciduous
forest
– Desert
– Arctic tundra
38
• Answer: • Answer:
39