Obesity and Supplements
Dr. Steven Witherly
Technical Products Inc.
Many thanks to
Blue California for their
sponsorship!
Obesity and Supplements
Talk to:
Ingredient based Obesity Solutions
Conference
May 17-18, 2004
Kansas City, KS
Marcus Evans Conferences
Sponsored by Blue California
TPI
Note: Many of the ingredients
mentioned are available from:
http://www.bluecal-ingredients.com/index.php
Obesity and Supplements
Six Key Areas to Address:
Increase Fat Burning or Inc. BMR
Control Blood Sugar and Insulin
Appetite Control (Craving)
Increase Feeling of Fullness
Inhibit CHO/FAT Absorption
Inhibit Inflammation
TPI
Do Supplements Work?
“The evidence for most dietary
supplements as aids in reducing body
weight is not convincing. None of the
reviewed dietary supplements can be
recommended for over-the-counter use”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol.
79, No. 4, 529-536, April 2004
TPI
Basically All Worthless
Solutions: Increase BMR or Fat
Burning or Fat Uptake
CLA, Magnolia Bark
Green Tea Extracts (catechins, quercetin)
Yerba mate (recent study); Clary Sage
Evodiamine, Coleus 3-4% increase
7-Keto, Yohimbe Is 10 lbs/fat year!
Weight Loss Oils (DAG; Resetta)
Caffeine, Theobromine (chocolate)
Citrus aurantium (Octopamine) Prolibra
Cayenne, Ginger, Pepper extracts (new)
Gugulipid & DHEA
TPI
Purple Corn (Cyanidin-3)
Citrus Aurantium
Ephedra replacement
B-3 agonist: fat burner
Synephrine, octopamine, tyramine, n-
methyl tyramine
2 studies on weight loss (positive)
3 Studies increase metabolic rate
J Med. 2002;33(1-4):247-64.
May be on FDA hit List
TPI
Green Tea Effects
TPI
Green Tea anti-obesity effects
The green tea group had lower fasting plasma levels of glucose,
insulin, triglyceride, and free fatty acid than the control rats. Agric
Food Chem. 2004 Feb 11;52(3):643-8
Increases 24 hr energy expenditure (inh catech breakdown)
May decrease fat absorption (lipase inhibitor)
Down regulates genes for PPAR and cytokines
Caffeine+theanine+EGCG: potent anti-obesity effects in mice [In
Vivo. 2004 Jan-Feb;18(1):55-62]
Green tea inhibits fatty acid synthase (FAS)
Increases Insulin Sensitivity in rats [J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Feb
11;52(3):643-8
No effect on subjects on low cal diets
Br J Nutr. 2004 Mar;91(3):431-7.
TPI Pine bark does many of the same things!
How Does Green Tea Work?
Fructose Feeding made Rats Fat!
Hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia
Green tea powder added to water
Reduced insulin binding to fat cells
Increased expression of glucose transporter IV
Decreased insulin resistance!!!
Eur J Nutr. 2004 Apr;43(2):116-24. Epub 2004 Jan
06.
TPI
CLA: Does it Work???
“Thus, the results of the studies in humans indicate that the
effect of CLA on body fat is considerably less than that
anticipated from mice studies and that CLA has no major effect
on plasma lipids” Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, Mar 2004; 79: 352 - 361.
However:
Anti-inflammatory actions (insulin)
Dieting easier to endure (cytokines)
May help prevent fat accumulation from scratch!
Leptin gene expression increased
Increased adiponectin levels (good)
J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 2 [Epub ahead of print]
Koji Nagao AOCS 2004 paper
Recent paper shows long term CLA can drop body fat!
TPI AJCN: Vol. 79, No. 6, 1118-1125, June 2004
CLA + Fat Burning Oils (FBO)
FBO
+
CLA
TPI Possible Weight Loss Synergy!
CLA-DAG Molecule???
Patented diglyceride form of CLA!
Advantages of CLA?
Advantages of DAG Oil?
CLAOne Liquid (Pharmanutrients)
Weight Loss and Fat Loss???
TPI
Prolibra-Glanbia
•Prolibra, whey mineral peptide,
affects you 3 ways:
– Adipocyte (Fat Cell) Regulation
– Metabolic Modification
–Appetite Control: Satiety
–To Accelerate Weight Loss
TPI
Dairy vs. other Calcium Sources
30
25
Weight Loss (%)
20
15
10
5
0
Low Calcium Dairy Calcium CaCO3
TPI
Shi H,DiRienzo D, Zemel MB 2001
Solutions: Control blood sugar
and / or potentiate insulin
Chromium nicotinate
Biotin combos; vanadium; Vitamin E Ginger(serotonin)
CLA plus Chrom. Pic better (Zhong Q. Wang) Stevia
Gymnema extract Caiapo (sweet potato)
Banaba leaf extract (corosolic acid) DHEA
Fenugreek (4 hydroxy-isoleucine) D-pinitol
Alpha lipoic acid (hot)
American, Panax ginseng
Bitter melon (Chen Q, J. Nutr)
Green tea polyphenols (hot)
Salacia oblonga (alpha glucosidase inhibitor)
TPI RED: very hot at moment
Blood Sugar Control
Chromium: many studies!
Chromium plus biotin looks interesting
CLA Plus Chromium Picolinate synergistic
Banaba Leaf(Corosolic acid): lower blood sugar
J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Jul;87(1):115-7.
Bitter melon
BM reduces adiposity in rats fed a HF diet
Multiple influences on glucose and lipid metabolism
J. Nutr. 2003 Apr;133(4):1088-93
TPI
Corosolic Acid
Increased
Ability to Lose
Weight
Memory Effect
J Ethnopharmacol.
2003
Jul;87(1):115-7.
TPI
L-Arabinose and Sucrose
L-arabinose (a poorly absorbed
pentose) inhibits sucrose absorption via
enzyme blockage
Sucrose highly lipogenic (liver)
In Japan, product with 3% arabinose
and 97% sucrose!!!
Made by British Sugar
TPI
Solutions: Feeling Fuller
Caralluma cactus
CCK Stimulators
Whey Protein GMP
Soy Protein
Dl-Phenylalanine
Damiana
Hoodia cactus
5-HTP Theanine
Fiber Olibra™
Konjac fiber Zotrim
Fenugreek fiber Guarana, damiana, Yerba Mate
TPI Beta glucan fibers, FOS
Solutions: Appetite/Cravings
Control (Brain)
Hoodia? Caralluma?
Hydroxycitric acid (serotonin)
5-HTP (serotonin precursor)
CARB CRAVING REDUCER
Saint John’s Wort (alcohol & fat)
Serotonin
Dopamine (CRAVING)
Norepinephrine Crucial to Low Carb
Acceptance
Tyrosine/dl-Phenylalanine
Catecholamine precursors
TPI
Appetite Control Garcinia
Garcinia Gambogia
Serotonin generator
Used for centuries to make food more filing and
satisfying!
Increase fat oxidation
Reduces fat accretion
Lowers elevated leptin in obese
Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Dec;254(1-2):339-46
Effects of niacin-bound chromium, Maitake mushroom
fraction SX and (-)-hydroxycitric acid on the metabolic
syndrome in aged diabetic Zucker fatty rats.
Nippon Shinyaku shown that it must be soluble to work
TPI
Appetite Control: 5-HTP
Rapidly absorbed and converted to serotonin
In Obese patients, 5HTP decrease Carb & fat
craving and induces weight loss
Diabetic have reduced serotonin
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998 Jul;22(7):648-54.
Stress reduces 5HTP in brain
J Neuroendocrinol. 2003 Dec;15(12):1122-33
May elevate Leptin (reduce food intake)
Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Oct;26(10):1491-3
TPI 5-HTP Serotonin
Solutions: Inhibit Nutrient
Absorption
Carbohydrate blockers
Starch blockers
White kidney bean
Wheat derived
Sucrose blockers
(chlorogenic acid? L-arabinose)
Maltose blockers
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Fat blockers:
Lipase inhibitors (green tea, pine bark, cassia
nomame)
TPI
Fat binders: Chitosan, Opuntia, Fenugreek
Lipase Inhibition-GUT
Low Molecular weight pectin
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2003
Oct;49(5):340-5
Green Tea?
Diosgenin?
Pine Bark?
Cassia Nomame
Popular in Japan
TPI
Solutions: Inhibit Inflammation
Obesity may be considered a low grade
inflammatory disease! Oxidative cytokines are
produced [Interleukin 6; Tumor necrosis factor; C-
Reactive protein]
Fish oil 0-3, CLA, Kohki tea
Lipoic acid (prevented rat obesity, 2004, min-seon kim]
Coenzyme Q10,
Pine Bark
TPI Green tea; Sesamin
Some Recent Studies
½ Grapefruit each meal lost 3.6 lbs 12 weeks
1 g Cinnamon/day improved blood sugar, lowered
cholesterol
Several studies showing Tree Nuts beneficial
Dairy products helpful in weight management
Retinoid-dependent pathways, calcitonin, insulin sensitivity?
Angiotenisn II?
Low Glycemic diets receiving attention
Diabetes treatment with antioxidants will become
more popular (n-acetyl cysteine, lipoic acid, creatine)
See more use of starch blockers (mild low carb)
TPI Under attack now however
Magic Mushrooms?
Cordyceps extract boosted energy and
relieved tiredness in 40-70 years old.
Double blind & randomized
Some lost up to 20% body weight
FASEB meeting 2004
UCDavis Researcher loves Cordyceps
Cooper Institute: no effect
Great effect: Life Sci. 2004 Apr ;74(23):2897-
908.
TPI
Healthy Snack Food?
Revival Soy says soy chips cause 1-2 pounds
weight loss per week!
Women lost 7.3 pounds in 4 weeks
Substituted chips for all snacks and sodas
High in isoflavones; makes one feel fuller
Dr Aaron Tabor, CEO of the Kernersville-based firm that
manufactures soy bars and shakes.
TPI
NutraIngredients, April 23, 2004
Nestle Milk?
Soda intake up 300% in 20 years
Milk intake down 40%
Offering Flavored Low fat milks
Chocolate Obesity in kids
Double chocolate Shortens
Very Vanilla Lifespan…
Strawberry
Unflavored
TPI JADA says flavored milks okay (2002)
The Big Three
Less emphases
on the brain
BRAIN
cinnabon
FAT CELL
TPI GUT
Conclusion(s)
Obesity in USA will max. out at 75%
Current therapies won’t stop the epidemic
Fat & Sugar = Diet Death
Addicting (mu opioid pathway)
Permanent Food Memories
Induce hyperphagia
Inflammatory
People eat for pleasure (Quantum)
Dieting Reduces Pleasure
So what replaces the Pleasure Lost?
Weight Loss Key areas: brain, gut & fat cell
TPI (gut, fat cell better targets) Science, 304, 9April2004, p307
Conclusions-2
Low Carb Diets work but…
Serotonin shortage
Rebound eating very common
Phytochemical shortage
Wrong fats ingested
Best To Lose Weight Slowly
Lessens risk of compensation
Actually lose weight too fast on low carb!
TPI
Conclusions-3
Obesity is an Inflammatory Disease
Low grade infection
Diet restricted animals live longer
Increases CHD
Long Term, a Paleolithic diet is probably healthier:
Don’t eat anything white
All carbs should be low glycemic
Use of Super Diet Oils
Keep intake low of Junk and Snack Food
TPI
Conclusions-4
Dietary supplementation very helpful:
Increase Fat Burning or Inc. BMR
Control Blood Sugar and Insulin
Appetite Control (low carb excels)
Increase Feeling of Fullness
Inhibit CHO/FAT Absorption
Inhibit inflammation?
Early use of CLA???
TPI
Favorite Supplements
CLA (prevention?; easier dieting?)
Green Tea, theanine, caffeine
Corosolic Acid
Fish Oil, 50% strength
Nisshin Fat Fighting Oil
Garcinia—highly soluble stuff
Starch Blocker (Wheat)
TPI Low glycemic, low carb at night, nothing white
Thank YOU!
Thanks to Blue California also!
TPI