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When my students arrived for their first lecture, I would always start by giving them 10 minutes to
write down an answer to this question.
Before reading on, why not quickly write down what you think forensic psychology is.
The reason I did this was because despite the fact that every single undergraduate psychology
student (about 180 of them) chose to do the forensic psychology course form a list of optional
courses; not one of them came to see me in advance to ask what the course was about.
Now bear in mind students chose their optional courses well in advance of the start date, and in
order to make an informed choice they were all strongly advised to speak to the lecturer running
the courses they were interested in before making a final decision.
So why the no show?
I suspect, actually I know because I discussed it with the students afterwards, that they didn't feel
they had to find out what forensic psychology is, because they already had a preconceived idea.
I mentioned that at the start of the first lecture I would give students 10 minutes to write down an
answer to the question what is forensic psychology.
What I didn't mention, however, is that after about 2 minutes I would ask for their attention and
apologise for forgetting to tell them that they weren't allowed to use the words serial killers or
silence of the lambs in their answer. It was usually as this point that most of the writing in the
lecture theatre stopped.
If you're thinking I would have stopped writing as well, please contain your disappointment and
don't rush off just yet. The answer to the question, what is forensic psychology may not quite be
what you thought, but that doesn't mean that the subject has to be any less engaging.
The first thing to appreciate when addressing the question is that even psychologists in the field
are divided as to what the answer is.
The division of criminological and legal psychology within the British Psychological Society argued
for twenty years as to whether their members should be entitled to call themselves Chartered
Forensic Psychologists. It was finally agreed that they should, however, there still remains a great
deal of debate and controversy surrounding the issue.
The central problem is that its members are drawn from a wide range of disciplines, so it is always
difficult to state what the boundaries are when you talk of Forensic Psychology.
A fragmented discipline?
Psychologists in the prison/correctional services.
Clinical psychologists in special hospitals & the psychiatric services.
Educational psychologists
Occupational psychologists
Academics
Now while it is important to acknowledge that this fragmentation of role exists, it is just as
important to realise that these different groups are linked to forensic psychology because their
work, expert knowledge or research activity is somehow connected with the law.
This legal connection makes perfect sense when you consider that the word forensic comes from
the Latin forensis, which literally means appertaining to the forum, specifically the imperial court of
Rome. So in essence:
The debate as to what is and what isn't forensic psychology rests primarily on the nature of
psychology's relationship with the legal system.
Let me give you an example, imagine 2 clinical psychologists meet at a conference and they begin
talking about the work they do.
The first psychologist tells the second that she recently gave expert testimony in court arguing that
the defendant in a murder case was criminally insane; the judge and jury agreed and having been
found guilty on the grounds of diminished responsibility the defendant was going to be sent to a
secure psychiatric unit.
Now there's a coincidence the second psychologist says I work in the unit where they're sending
him, so I'll be dealing and treating this guy when he arrives.
So here you have a situation where 2 psychologists are linked to the legal system by way of a
legal decision and you could argue, therefore, that both deserve to be seen as engaging in
Forensic Psychology. However, there's a crucial difference.
The first psychologist actually helped inform the legal decision based on her psychological
knowledge and expertise. The second psychologists' involvement on the other hand arose as a
consequence of a legal decision that she had no direct influence over.
My preferred forensic psychology definition acknowledges this key distinction, namely:
That branch of applied psychology which is concerned with the collection, examination and
presentation of evidence for judicial purposes' (Haward 1981).
If you adopt this definition you are stating categorically that Forensic Psychology relates to:
The provision of psychological information for the purpose of facilitating a legal decision
(Blackburn 1996).
So in the case of our two psychologists, strictly speaking only the first can be said to be engaged
in Forensic Psychology.
Not everybody would agree with this, because there is a school of thought that would claim that
any activity that links psychology to the law deserves to be described as Forensic. I'm not going to
try and convince you which is right, although I do have a strong opinion on the mater; the main
thing is that you
know that this debate exists.
Summary
In answering the question, what is forensic psychology we have discovered that:
In essence, forensic psychology refers to the application of psychology within a legal context.
The debate as to what is & what is not forensic psychology relates to the nature of this legal
application & the level at which it is applied.
And this debate raises a number of questions that you need to think about. In particular:
The boundaries of forensic psychology?
The role of the forensic psychologist?
The credibility of forensic psychology
If you'd like to find out more about forensic psychology, you can do so by visiting my website
http://www.all-about-forensic-psychology.com/
Having worked as a lecturer in psychology in the UK, I recently moved to sunny Spain with my
family, where I now work as a distance learning tutor and research dissertation supervisor.
Since 2000, I've been involved in collaborative research with teams of forensic scientists in the
UK, US and Canada.
Keep up-to-date with the world of forensic psychology by reading the forensic psychology blog.
This regularly updated blog addresses the most common issues and questions raised by those
thinking of or currently studying and working in the field. Among the topics covered are career and
study options, forensic job opportunites, conference listings, internships, forensic research and
psychological research methods.
http://student-guide-to-forensic-psychology.blogspot.com/
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