ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND COMBINED HEAT AND POWER
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ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Pr ep ar ed fo r
T ow n o f F a irh a v e n
M a s s a c hu s e tt s B o ard of Pu b l i c Wo r k s
D e c em b er 1 9, 2 00 8
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND COMBINED HEAT AND
POWER FEASIBILITY STUDY
Pr ep ar ed fo r
T h e T ow n o f F a ir ha v e n
M a s s a c hu s e tt s B o ard of Pu b l i c Wo r k s
D e c em b er 1 9, 2 00 8
1 Corporate Drive
Andover, MA 01810
Pro jec t N umber 135 53 6
Table of Contents Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................................................ V
LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................................................... V
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................... VII
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Study Background ........................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1.1 Study Overview.................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1.2 Study Drivers ....................................................................................................................................1-1
1.2 The Town of Fairhaven, MA .........................................................................................................................1-2
1.2.1 Fairhaven Sustainability Initiatives and Green Projects ....................................................................1-3
1.2.2 MTC and Large Onsite Renewables Initiative (LORI) Funding Program ..........................................1-3
1.3 Existing Conditions at the Fairhaven WWTP ................................................................................................1-3
1.3.1 Liquid Stream Treatment ..................................................................................................................1-4
1.3.2 Solids Stream Treatment ..................................................................................................................1-5
1.3.3 Electricity Use ...................................................................................................................................1-6
1.4 Study Objectives...........................................................................................................................................1-8
2. TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND COMBINED HEAT AND POWER ........................2-1
2.1 Anaerobic Digestion......................................................................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 Process Overview.............................................................................................................................2-1
2.1.2 Biogas Treatment .............................................................................................................................2-2
2.2 Combined Heat and Power...........................................................................................................................2-5
2.2.1 CHP Alternatives ..............................................................................................................................2-5
2.2.2 Power Generation Equipment...........................................................................................................2-5
3. DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Alternative Evaluation Process .....................................................................................................................3-1
3.2 Digester Feedstock Alternatives ...................................................................................................................3-1
3.2.1 Digester Feedstock 1 - Fairhaven WWTP Sludge Only ....................................................................3-3
3.2.2 Digester Feedstock 2 – WWTP Sludge + Organic Wastes ...............................................................3-5
3.2.3 Digester Feedstock 3 – WWTP Sludge + Beverage Waste + FOG + Food Waste...........................3-7
3.2.4 Summary of Digester Feedstock Alternatives...................................................................................3-8
3.3 Anaerobic Digestion Process......................................................................................................................3-10
3.3.1 Digestion Alternatives to be Considered.........................................................................................3-10
3.3.2 Biogas Storage ...............................................................................................................................3-15
3.3.3 Digester Mixing System ..................................................................................................................3-17
3.4 Combined Heat and Power System............................................................................................................3-18
3.4.1 Biogas Treatment and Power Generation.......................................................................................3-18
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Table of Contents Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
4. EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES .......................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Non-Economic Evaluation ............................................................................................................................4-1
4.1.1 Anaerobic Digester Feedstock..........................................................................................................4-1
4.1.2 Anaerobic Digester Configuration .....................................................................................................4-6
4.1.3 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System.......................................................................................4-9
4.2 Economic Evaluation ..................................................................................................................................4-16
4.2.1 Capital Costs Summary ..................................................................................................................4-16
4.2.2 Operations and Maintenance Costs Summary ...............................................................................4-18
4.2.3 Potential Annual Electricity and Sludge Disposal Cost Savings .....................................................4-20
4.2.4 Opportunities for Renewable Energy Funding and Incentives ........................................................4-22
4.2.5 Potential Tipping Fee revenue from Imported Waste......................................................................4-26
4.2.6 Life Cycle Costs..............................................................................................................................4-27
4.2.7 Payback Period...............................................................................................................................4-29
5. RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Summary of Evaluation Results....................................................................................................................5-1
5.1.1 Non-Economic Evaluation.................................................................................................................5-1
5.1.2 Economic Evaluation ........................................................................................................................5-1
5.2 Implementation Plan .....................................................................................................................................5-1
5.2.1 Description of Recommended Alternatives.......................................................................................5-3
6. LIMITATIONS .........................................................................................................................................................6-1
APPENDIX A: FAIRHAVEN WWTP NPDES PERMIT.................................................................................................. A
APPENDIX B: WWTP VS SAMPLING LAB RESULTS................................................................................................. B
APPENDIX C: MA DEP COMMERCIAL WASTE REDUCTION PROGRAM INFORMATION...................................... C
APPENDIX D: ANAEROBIC DIGESTER HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS .................................................................... D
APPENDIX E: DIGESTER AND CHP CALCULATIONS............................................................................................... E
APPENDIX F: MICROTURBINE AND STIRLING CYCLE ENGINE INSTALLATION AND REFERENCE
INFORMATION.......................................................................................................................................................F
APPENDIX G: MANUFACTURER’S EQUIPMENT INFORMATION............................................................................. G
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................................................1
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Table of Contents Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Cumulative Budget Impact and Payback for a Phased-Implementation of Digester Feedstocks at a New
Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Facility.........................................................................................ES-2
Figure 2: Existing Site Layout for the Fairhaven WWTP. ......................................................................................1-5
Figure 3: Average Electricity Costs for Industries in the US from 2002 to 2007....................................................1-7
Figure 4: The Microbiological Pathways and Products of Anaerobic Digestion.....................................................2-1
Figure 5: Cross sections of typical high-rate digester configuration. .....................................................................2-2
Figure 6: Schematic of an advanced biogas treatment system with siloxane removal..........................................2-4
Figure 7: Process Schematic for a CHP System...................................................................................................2-5
Figure 8: Schematic of a Typical European Food Waste Pretreatment Process Prior to Anaerobic Digestion. ....3-3
Figure 9: Conceptual Process Flow Diagram for Anaerobic Digester Configuration Alternatives. ......................3-11
Figure 10: Typical Bolted Steel Tanks - Aquastore Glass-fused-to-steel Insulated Tanks ..................................3-12
Figure 11: Heating Requirements for Digestion Configuration and Feedstock Alternatives. ...............................3-14
Figure 12: Duosphere® Tank-mounted Membrane Gas Storage System installed at the Galion WWTP in Galion,
OH. ...............................................................................................................................................3-15
Figure 13: Duosphere® Stand-alone membrane Gas Storage System by WesTech..........................................3-15
Figure 14: Cross-section View of a Siemens Dystor® Membrane Gas Holding System......................................3-16
Figure 15: Mixing Zone Patterns Induced by the Vaughan Rotamix Jet Mixing System. ...................................3-17
Figure 16: Jet Nozzles Installed as Part of a Vaughan Rotamix Digester Mixing System. ..................................3-18
Figure 17: A Process Flow Diagram for a Typical Microturbine-based CHP System. .........................................3-20
Figure 18: Flow Diagram and Layout for a Typical Biogas Fuel Delivery System for a 65 kW Capstone
Microturbine..................................................................................................................................4-10
Figure 19: Annual Life Cycle Costs (EUAC) with Potential Savings Included for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP
Alternatives...................................................................................................................................4-29
Figure 20: Cumulative Budget Impact of Implementing Alternatives Using Feedstock 1. ...................................4-30
Figure 21: Cumulative Budget Impact of Implementing Alternatives Using Feedstock 2A..................................4-31
Figure 22: Cumulative Budget Impact of Implementing Alternatives Using Feedstock 2B..................................4-32
Figure 23: Cumulative Budget Impact and Payback for a Phased-Implementation of Digester Feedstocks at a
New Anaerobic Digesyion and CHP Facility...................................................................................5-2
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Summary of the Recommendations for a New Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Facility. .......................ES-2
Table 2: Summary of the Economics Associated with the Recommended Alternatives for a New Anaerobic
Digestion and CHP Facility..........................................................................................................ES-3
Table 3: Summary of Major Design and Operations Data for the Fairhaven WWTP.............................................1-4
Table 4: Fairhaven WWTP Recent Electric Use Summary.1 .................................................................................1-7
Table 5: Typical WWTP Biogas Characteristics1...................................................................................................2-3
Table 6: Summary of Characteristics1 for Conceptual Digester Feedstock Alternative 1. .....................................3-4
Table 7: Summary of Characteristics1 for Digester Feedstock Alternative 2A and 2B. .........................................3-6
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Table of Contents Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Table 8: Summary of Characteristics1 for Conceptual Digester Feedstock Alternative 3. .....................................3-8
Table 9: Summary of Characteristics1 for Conceptual Digester Feedstock Alternatives. ......................................3-9
Table 10: Design assumptions for different anaerobic digestion alternatives......................................................3-10
Table 11: Estimated Digester Tank Volumes for a Conceptual Feedstock Containing WWTP Sludge...............3-13
Table 12: Summary of Design Parameters for the Digester Mixing System Alternatives. ...................................3-18
Table 13: Summary of Power Generation Equipment and Biogas Treatment Information..................................3-19
Table 14: Available Capacities and Heat Recovery for Electric Power Generation Equipment Technologies. ...3-20
Table 15: Value of Digester Feedstock Components Shown as Methane Fuel Yield. ..........................................4-2
Table 16: Nitrogen Concentrations and Loads for Different Digester Feedstock Components. ............................4-3
Table 17: Summary of Results for the Non-Cost Evaluation of Digester Feedstock Alternatives..........................4-6
Table 18: Variations in Feedstock Volume Reduction for Digestion Alternatives. .................................................4-7
Table 19: Summary of Results for the Non-Cost Evaluation of Digester Configuration Alternatives.....................4-9
Table 20: Summary of Performance Indicators for Power Generation Equipment..............................................4-12
Table 21: Number of Power Generation Equipment Units that Could be Fueled for Each Digestion Alternative.4-13
Table 22: Summary of Typical Emissions from Microturbines and Stirling Engines1...........................................4-14
Table 23: Summary of Results for the Non-Cost Evaluation of CHP Alternatives...............................................4-15
Table 24: Summary of Capital Costs1 for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives. .......................................4-17
Table 25: Summary of Annual O&M Costs for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives. ...............................4-18
Table 26: Summary of the Sludge Disposal and Electricity Costs for the Existing Fairhaven WWTP and a New
WWTP with an Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Facility. ................................................................4-20
Table 27: Summary of Potential Annual Savings for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives.......................4-21
Table 28: Summary of Applicable Renewable Energy Funding and Incentive Opportunities for a New Anaerobic
Digestion and CHP Facility...........................................................................................................4-23
Table 29: RPS APC Program Rates and Participating Anaerobic Digestion Facilities........................................4-25
Table 30: Potential Revenue from MA DOER RPS Program. .............................................................................4-26
Table 31: Estimated Revenue from Tipping Fees for Imported Waste Received at the WWTP for Anaerobic
Digestion. .....................................................................................................................................4-26
Table 32: Summary of Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives. .......................4-28
Table 33: Summary of Payback Periods for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives....................................4-33
Table 34: Summary of the Recommendations for a New Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Facility. ........................5-4
Table 35: Summary of the Economics Associated with the Recommended Alternatives for a New Anaerobic
Digestion and CHP Facility.............................................................................................................5-5
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Table of Contents Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
BOD5 Five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand
mg/l Milligrams per Liter
MGD Million Gallons per Day
RBC Rotating Biological Contactor
Total P Total Phosphorus
TSS Total Suspended Solids
WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This study evaluates multiple alternatives for a new anaerobic digestion and combined heat and
power (CHP) facility at the Fairhaven wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Fairhaven, MA.
These alternatives include various anaerobic digester feedstock compositions, anaerobic digestion
configurations, and combined heat and power systems. The study evaluates these alternatives on the
technical and economical feasibility of their implementation and the economical benefits and
sustainability they would provide to the Town of Fairhaven.
The results of this study show that a new anaerobic digestion and combined heat and power (CHP)
facility at the WWTP can be feasible if designed, constructed, and operated according to the
recommendations of this study. This study recommends that a two-stage, mesophilic anaerobic
digestion process be developed for the Fairhaven WWTP. Additionally, the Town should further
evaluate operating under a temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) configuration. A
TPAD configuration could add capacity to the anaerobic digestion system from the lower residence
time required and could increase the quality of the digested solids produced potentially to a Class A
biosolids product. This must be discussed further with the MA DEP and EPA for acceptance as a
Class A process, and future evaluations must consider future methods of biosolids disposal or re-use
that the Town may pursue.
It is recommended that the WWTP develop a steady-state digestion process using a feedstock
consisting of sludge generated at the WWTP and also seek contractual agreements with local
producers of fats, oil, and grease (FOG) for use in the feedstock once a steady state anaerobic
digestion is developed. This would allow the WWTP to add waste streams to the feedstock to
enhance biogas production gradually as legitimate and long-term sources of degradable organic
wastes are identified or acquired through contractual agreements. The volumes of FOG
recommended in this study coincide with published values for the maximum FOG load that can be
added to a municipal sludge anaerobic digester without upset to the process.
It is also recommended that the WWTP include lean burn IC engines as part of a new, integrated
CHP system, but also evaluate Stirling cycle engines further as the technology progresses. Funding
for a demonstration of Stirling cycle engines once biogas production is at steady state would likely be
available and allow the Town to test the benefits of this relatively new technology at their facility.
After construction of the recommended alternative for anaerobic digestion and CHP, a two-year
operational period using feedstock of sludge generated at the WWTP and local FOG is
recommended. Using this feedstock alone was found to provide a payback of greater than 30-years.
Therefore, during the initial two-year operational period, the Town should identify sources of dairy
waste, cranberry and other beverage production waste, or any other highly degradable organic wastes
that can be digested and enter into contractual agreements with generators of these sources to
import them to the WWTP for digester feedstock enhancement on a long-term (10 years) basis.
Once these imported are included into the digester feedstock, the expected payback period should
drop considerably from over 30-years to approximately 13-years. This is shown in Figure 1.
ES 1
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Executive Summary Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
$10,000,000
Feedstock 2A with phase-in of feedstock 2B
Cumulative Budget Impact from New Facility, $ per year
$8,000,000 components
Feedstock 2A only (2-stage mesophilic, IC
Engines)
$6,000,000
$4,000,000
2-years into operation: Dairy and
cranberry beverage waste
introduced to digesters with Payback realized after 13 years
$2,000,000 feedstock 2A
Savings or
earned revenue
$0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
20-year loan term ends
($2,000,000)
($4,000,000)
($6,000,000)
Years
Figure 1: Cumulative Budget Impact and Payback for a Phased-Implementation of Digester
Feedstocks at a New Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Facility.
Table 1 shows the recommended alternatives for a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility for the
Fairhaven WWTP.
Table 1: Summary of the Recommendations for a New Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Facility.
Initial Digester Feedstock (2A)
Imported Volume,
Flow to digester process, Biogas fuel energy
Components gal/day
gal/day production, Btu/hr
(trucks/week)
WWTP sludge 0 6,967 675,908
FOG 1,000 (1) 1,667 248,694
Total, feedstock 2A 1,000 (1) 8,634 924,602
ES 2
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Executive Summary Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Phased-in Digester Feedstock (2B)
Imported Volume,
Flow to digester process, Biogas fuel energy
Components gal/day
gal/day production, Btu/hr
(trucks/week)
Feedstock 2A 1,000 (1) 8,634 924,602
Dairy Waste 2,000 (4) 2,000 512,070
Cranberry beverage production
1,199 (2) 238,242
waste 6,582
Total, phased-in feedstock 2B 3,199 (7) 17,216 1,674,914
Anaerobic Digester Configuration: Alternative 2
Operating Hydraulic Residence Digester Tank Volume,
Description
temperature, °F Time, days gallons
Two-stage mesophilic -- 20 (total) 322,000 (total)
First stage 95 to 105°F 10 161,000
Second stage 95 to 105°F 10 161,000
Combined Heat and Power System: lean Burn IC Engines
Net Electric
Anaerobic Digester Facility Recovered Heat, Power
Capacity, kW (# of units)
Operational Scenario Btu/hr generation,
kWhr/yr
Initial Feedstock (2A) 110 (1) 501,858 337,016
After Phased-in Feedstock (2B) 64 (1), 110 (1) 850,086 853,356
Table 2 shows the capital, operations and maintenance, potential savings, life cycle costs, and
payback period associated with the recommended alternatives.
Table 2: Summary of the Economics Associated with the
Recommended Alternatives for a New Anaerobic
Digestion and CHP Facility.
Initial Capital Costs1, $ Value
Anaerobic digestion 3,076,700
CHP system 1,480,300
Total 4,557,000
Initial Operation and Maintenance Costs2,
$/year
Anaerobic digestion & CHP system 76,300
Sludge Disposal3 43,700
ES 3
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Executive Summary Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Initial Operation and Maintenance Costs2,
Value
$/year
Net WWTP Electricity Use4 140,100
Total O&M Costs, $/year 260,100
Savings, $/year
Electrical Cost Offset 50,400
Sludge Disposal 199,800
RPS payback 43,400
Potential Tipping Fee Revenue 36,500
Total Savings, $/ year 330,100
Initial Life Cycle Costs3, $/year
Estimated Uniform Annual Costs (EUAC) 671,500
Initial payback (Feedstock 2A), years +30
Payback with phased feedstock
13
implementation, years
Notes:
1. A 30% safety factor was applied to all capital costs to account for potential cost increases due to inflation,
manufacturer’s estimates, and installation costs unforeseen at this level of study.
2. A 30% safety factor was applied to all maintenance costs to account for potential cost increases due to
inflation, labor, and operational costs unforeseen at this level of study. Costs included all labor,
maintenance, and chemical costs associated with equipment and/or process operation.
3. Sludge disposal costs included a 30% safety factor and were based on the conditions of the WWTP’s
existing contract with Synagro which includes a hauling fee of $0.02 per gallon and a tipping fee at the
incinerator facility of $320 per dry ton.
4. The net annual electricity costs were calculated based on the annual average electricity cost at the WWTP
of $0.16/kWhr and included the annual power requirements of a new facility including the annual
average power use of the existing WWTP from 2006 to 2008 minus the net electric power production for
each alternative.
5. Development of life cycle costs using via EUAC is described in Section 4.2.6 and used an interest rate of
7% and a 20-year life of asset assumption.
These alternatives present ways to enhance the benefits of an anaerobic digestion and CHP facility
through potential tipping fee revenue from imported waste, increased volatile solids destruction and
biogas production, and optimized electric power generation from an increase in biogas fuel flow and
use of technology with the highest efficiency available.
ES 4
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Executive Summary Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
A new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility also provides non-economic benefits in the form of a
sustainable, renewable source of energy production and an overall reduction in green house gas
(GHG) emissions and carbon footprint for the WWTP. Holistically, the recommended alternatives
will improve the overall operations of the existing WWTP by providing a consistent and reliable
method of removing and re-using solids or sludge from liquid stream processes. Currently, the
WWTP experiences high solids inventory (stored sludge) in their secondary treatment system that
results in unnecessarily high blower electric power costs and potential violations of effluent permit
limitations. Without an anaerobic digestion process to send sludge to, the WWTP would need to
design and construct a new sludge storage tank with an approximate capital cost of $1,000,000
including a new concrete storage tank, odor control, and other ancillary equipment. In lieu of an
anaerobic digestion facility, a new sludge storage tank would provide no economic or environmental
benefits, increase electricity use and costs, and create additional odors at the WWTP.
ES 5
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Study Background
Brown and Caldwell has developed the following study in association with the Town of Fairhaven,
MA (Town) to evaluate the feasibility of producing renewable energy for use at the Town’s existing
wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The Town of Fairhaven was awarded a grant from the
Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC) to perform this alternative energy study in May
2008.
1.1.1 Study Overview
Specifically, this study evaluates the technical and economical feasibility of implementing anaerobic
digestion and combined heat and power (CHP) processes to produce methane fuel for power and
heat generation at the WWTP. The anaerobic digestion process is a traditional wastewater solids
treatment process for which Brown and Caldwell has much experience. Recent advances in
technology and changes to the energy market have challenged the conventional wisdom that
anaerobic digestion and CHP is limited to medium and large WWTPs to be economical. This study
suggests some innovative approaches to overcome the high costs typically associated with these
processes and show that they can be used successfully to produce alternative energy at the Town’s
WWTP.
1.1.2 Study Drivers
There were social, economic, and process drivers for this study. These are described in more detail.
Social Drivers – Town of Fairhaven Sustainability Initiative
Sustainability and alternative energy are important initiatives for the Town. The Town formed a
Sustainability Committee in 2007 that organizes an annual Green Energy and Ecology Fair in
Fairhaven and is active in educating and assisting the community in sustainable endeavors. The
Town also has an established track record with renewable energy projects including a privately-
funded wind energy project and a landfill gas-to-energy study funded by the MTC that is currently
being finalized.
The current study is a continuation of the Town’s sustainability and renewable energy initiatives and
will benefit from community support if the alternatives presented and recommended in this study
are implemented.
Economic Drivers
The Town’s WWTP uses a conventional activated sludge process to meet National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) effluent permit requirements for five-day biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD5), and total suspended solids (TSS). The WWTP is discussed in more detail
1-1
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1: Introduction Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
in the subsequent sections of this report. Wastewater treatment is an energy intensive process due to
the many large pumps, blowers and mechanical devices used in the treatment process. Aeration
requirements are high for an activated sludge system and blower electric power use often constitutes
the majority of the electricity load and operating costs at the WWTP. The average annual cost for
electricity at the Town’s WWTP from 2006 to 2008 was approximately $190,500. Market trends
suggest that electricity costs will continue to rise, and with potential new effluent nutrient limits the
WWTP is facing in the new NPDES permit, the use of electricity for process operations will likely
rise significantly. This could impact the overall annual municipal energy costs for the Town since the
operation of the WWTP constitutes a significant portion of the municipal energy consumption.
The costs for disposal of solids produced during wastewater treatment are also significant at the
WWTP. The Town has an existing contract with a private company (Synagro) to haul and incinerate
WWTP sludge that was recently renewed. The cost for sludge disposal through December , 2008 is
approximately $243,518. The contract with Synagro also limits the solids concentration of hauled
sludge and prevents the WWTP from significantly reducing sludge volume by dewatering sludge
using the existing belt filter presses (BFP).
Combined, the costs for electric energy use and sludge disposal are relatively high for a small plant
such as Fairhaven. This study will evaluate ways to reduce overall operational costs at the WWTP
through the generation and use of renewable energy, reducing sludge production and hauling costs.
Process Drivers
The anaerobic digestion process would provide a reliable and consistent way to remove and reduce
solids from the WWTP and put them to beneficial use while improving plant operations.
The current contract arrangements for sludge hauling from the WWTP to disposal at can, at times,
prevent operators from wasting and storing sludge produced during physical separation processes.
On occasion, scheduled pickups by the Contractor are unexpectedly cancelled or remove less sludge
than expected from the WWTP; this can increase solids inventory at the WWTP and can potentially
reduce process performance and effluent quality. Having the ability to consistently and reliably
remove solids from the liquid stream and store at the WWTP could effectively reduce solids
inventory in the activated sludge system and their impact to performance and effluent quality.
1.2 The Town of Fairhaven, MA
The Town was settled in 1653 and incorporated in 1812 and is located on the southeast coast of
Massachusetts in Southern Bristol County east across the New Bedford Harbor from the City of
New Bedford. Fairhaven, MA has a population of approximately 16,000 with 6,000 sewer
connections that include services in neighboring Mattapoisett, MA. The Town is governed by a
Board of Selectmen with a “Town Meeting” form of local government.
Public Works in Fairhaven is governed by a five member Board of Public Works Commissioners,
who also serve as the Sewer Advisory Committee by statue. The Board sets policy and establishes
the rules, regulations, fees, and procedures related to management and maintenance within the
Town’s departments of highways, parks and grounds, sewer collection and wastewater treatment,
solid waste, and water.
1-2
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1: Introduction Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Brown and Caldwell performed this study with the input and support of the Board of Public Works
and its staff, current BPW superintendant Bill Fitzgerald, and the Sewer and Wastewater
Superintendant, Linda Lima.
1.2.1 Fairhaven Sustainability Initiatives and Green Projects
The Town benefits from strong community support for sustainability and has a track record of
proactively pursuing and performing alternative and renewable energy projects.
As mentioned, the Fairhaven Board of Selectmen appointed a Sustainability Committee in 2007.
The Committee’s objective is to help develop and support systems that reduce global warming and
enhance revenue for the Town. The Sustainability Committee meets regularly to recommend actions
that would create a sustainable future for the community. In October 2008 the Committee hosted its
inaugural Energy and Ecology Fair in Fairhaven that was designed to bring people with an interest in
learning more about being “green” together with people who work in “green” industries.
The Town has supported alternative and renewable energy projects in the past. These include a
privately-funded wind energy project that recently provided recommendations for constructing a
wind turbine next to the Town’s WWTP that could provide up to 20 percent of the WWTP’s
electricity needs. The Town also initiated a landfill gas-to-energy study funded by the MTC that is
currently being finalized.
These projects and the efforts of the Sustainability Committee demonstrate the Town’s support of
green and sustainable initiatives.
1.2.2 MTC and Large Onsite Renewables Initiative (LORI) Funding
Program
The MTC is a quasi-public state agency with an objective to advance technology-based solutions that
lead to economic growth and to a cleaner environment in Massachusetts. The MTC was recently
reorganized under one entity through the Massachusetts Department of Energy resources (MA
DOER) to better manage the grant award process and help municipalities. The MTC provides
financial support for feasibility studies such as this and design and construction projects for
alternative and renewable energy production through the Renewable Energy Trust (RET). The RET
is funded by municipal ratepayers through a surcharge on utility bills.
There are several different funding programs for alternative energy projects under the MTC that are
available for municipalities, private companies, entrepreneurs, and institutions for projects that
evaluate wind energy, fuel cells, hydroelectric power, and energy from biomass (landfill gas, digester
biogas). This project was eligible for the Large Onsite Renewables Initiative (LORI) program that is
applicable to projects that can produce greater than 10 kilowatts (kW) of power onsite.
1.3 Existing Conditions at the Fairhaven WWTP
The Town owns and operates a conventional activated sludge municipal wastewater treatment plant.
The WWTP was built in 1969 and was last upgraded in 1989. An upgrade to the headworks is
currently being implemented. Table 3 lists some of the major characteristics of the influent
wastewater received at the WWTP.
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Table 3: Summary of Major Design and Operations Data for
the Fairhaven WWTP.
Parameter Value
Influent Flow, MGD
Design 5.0
Average Daily 2.7
Peak Wet Weather 16.0
Influent Concentrations1, mg/L
BOD, Annual Average 111
TSS, Annual Average 120
Notes:
1. Annual average influent solids concentrations were based on historical data from 2006 to 2008 provided
by the WWTP.
As shown, the WWTP is currently operating approximately 46% under the design capacity. The
WWTP effluent outfall discharges to the Inner Harbor of the New Bedford Harbor. The effluent
discharge requirements for the WWTP are detailed in the Town’s NPDES permit shown in
Appendix A. The NPDES permit expired in 2004, and the Town is awaiting a new NPDES to be
issued by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MA DEP). Limits on
effluent total nitrogen are expected in the new permit and upgrades to the WWTP to meet these
potential limits are currently being considered by the Town as part of a future upgrade to the
WWTP. Note that the annual average BOD and TSS concentrations are lower than what is typical
for a small WWTP and might indicate issues with inflow and infiltration (I/I) in the Town’s sewer
collection system at the time of this study.
1.3.1 Liquid Stream Treatment
A site layout showing the existing liquid stream treatment processes at the WWTP is presented in
Figure 2.
The processes shown in Figure 2 are described in more detail by the following:
Headworks: Two ½-inch climber screens rated at 16 MGD each and a grit removal system with
chain buckets rated at 2.7 gallons per minute (19 cubic feet per hour)
Primary settling: Two 65-foot diameter circular primary clarifiers with an 11.5-foot sidewater
depth and 550,000 gallons capacity
Secondary treatment: activated sludge – Two trains of six aeration basins operated in plug flow
mode each 40-foot long by 40-foot wide (1,600 square feet surface area) with a sidewater depth
of 13-feet and 930,000 gallons of capacity
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Secondary/final settling: Two 75-foot diameter circular clarifiers with 13-foot sidewater depth
and two 45-foot circular clarifiers with 10-foot sidewater depth not in use
Disinfection: 480/277 volt, 3-phase Trojan Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system with 253.7
nanometer UV wavelength and 65 percent UV transmission
Wet weather treatment: X gallon equalization basin
Figure 2: Existing Site Layout for the Fairhaven WWTP.
1.3.2 Solids Stream Treatment
The WWTP produces primary and secondary sludge during clarification in the liquid treatment
process. Sludge consists of solid material held in suspension (measured as total suspended solids or
TSS) in wastewater that is settled out by gravity using sedimentation tanks or clarifiers. Primary
sludge contains mostly non-biological solids that is typically fibrous and contains a large quantity of
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degradable organic material and some inert inorganic material. Primary sludge produced at the
WWTP is thickened in the primary clarifiers and then pumped to the primary sludge well.
Secondary or waste-activated sludge (WAS) is produced from the suspended and soluble organic
material that remains after primary clarification and consists largely of the biological mass grown
during aeration. The WAS consists of the biological solids that have settled by gravity in secondary
clarifiers downstream of the aeration basins or activated sludge system. WAS produced at the
WWTP is pumped to gravity belt thickeners (GBTs) to remove free water and thickened to a
concentration ranging from 5 to 6 percent total solids. Thickened WAS (TWAS) is stored in the
thickened waste well and then combined and stored with primary sludge in the sludge blending well
before final disposal. Historical data from 2004 to 2008 showed that the combined sludge had a
concentration of 4 to 6 percent total solids.
The existing sludge storage facilities include the following:
Primary sludge well: 35,000 gallons
Thickened waste well: 25,000 gallons
Sludge blending well: 28,000 gallons
The Town has contracted with Synagro, Inc. for sludge hauling and disposal. Synagro hauls the
combined sludge from the WWTP to their incinerator facility in Woonsocket, RI. The current
disposal contract with Synagro is effective until July 2009 and is based on the following costs for
disposal:
Hauling: $0.02 per gallon
Incineration (Tipping Fee): $319.21 per dry ton
The contract with Synagro also puts a limit to the solids concentration that haulers can accept and
penalizes the Town for solids concentrations above or below this range. Per the contract, the
acceptable solids concentration range is 2 to 7 percent.
The contract conditions between the Town and Synagro do not allow dewatering of sludge above 7
percent total solids. This prevents the WWTP from reducing their sludge disposal volume and
hauling costs through the use of their two existing belt filter presses. Due to inflation, market
responses from the unstable price of fossil fuel, and the financial crisis occurring in the US at the
time of this study, these sludge disposal costs are likely going to increase in the future. It is
unknown at this time how much sludge disposal costs would increase from these impacts.
1.3.3 Electricity Use
The average electricity costs in the US have increased over 25 percent in the last five years, as shown
in Figure 3. The Town of Fairhaven and many communities in New England pay some of the
highest electricity costs in the US at almost $0.16 per kWhr and more than double the national
average.
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Figure 3: Average Electricity Costs for Industries in the US from 2002 to 2007.
The WWTP consumed 70,400 to 151,300 kilowatt-hours (kWhr) of electricity each month from
January 2006 to September 2008 as supplied by NStar, the local electric utility. A summary of the
WWTP electric use is shown in Table 4, based on a review of NStar electric bills.
Table 4: Fairhaven WWTP Recent Electric Use Summary.1
Electricity Use Electricity Costs
Total
Average Maximum Maximum Annual
Annual Max Month
Year Monthly, Monthly, Month Average Rate,
Electricity Rate, $/kWhr
kWhr kWhr Costs, $ $/kWhr
Cost, $
2006 108,238 151,300 (May) 27,671 (May) 226,302 0.172 0.187 (Jan)
2007 93,902 107,540 (Apr) 15,922 (Feb) 154,803 0.138 0.157 (Jun)
20082 87,809 106,740 (Aug) 19,839 (July) 129,245 0.163 0.201 (Jul)
Average2 151,300 27,871
97,453 190,552 0.157 0.201 (Jul)
(2006-2008) (May 2008) (May 2008)
Notes:
1. The minimum average and maximum uses are per copies of the WWTP electric bills from NStar.
2. Information was not received for all months in 2008, but the above is considered representative.
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Electric bills from 2006 to 2008 indicate that the average unit cost of NStar electricity did not
significantly vary seasonally for the Fairhaven WWTP for the period in which data was available.
The average cost per unit of electricity for the seven cold weather months of October through April
was $0.157 per kWhr. The average electricity cost during the five warm weather months of May
through September was $ 0.158 per kWhr. The annual average electric price paid to NStar for
electricity was about $0.157 per kWhr from 2006 to September 2008.
The WWTP was one of the first small treatment facilities to enroll in the EPA Energy Star
Benchmarking Program in 2006. The results of the program showed that the WWTP was energy
efficient and no major recommendations for process or equipment modifications to improve energy
efficiency.
1.4 Study Objectives
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of
implementing anaerobic digestion and combined heat and power (CHP) processes to produce
methane fuel for power generation at the WWTP. The Town wants to determine if producing
alternative energy from wastewater solids and other potential sources can be a cost-effective way to
continue their sustainable initiatives. The Town also recognizes the potential reductions in sludge
production and sludge disposal costs that the anaerobic digestion process can provide and wants to
evaluate these benefits in kind with renewable energy production.
Additionally, this study describes the holistic impacts an anaerobic digestion facility will have on the
existing WWTP and its ability to reduce solids inventory or storage within liquid stream treatment
processes and treat influent wastewater effectively to meet current and future permit limits. This is
important not only for day to day operations and the impacts a new solids treatment process will
have on operations staff, but equally because of the nutrient limits expected to be included in the
new NPDES permit by the EPA.
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
2. TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER
2.1 Anaerobic Digestion
2.1.1 Process Overview
The anaerobic digestion process is one of the oldest processes to stabilize concentrated wastewater
solids or sludge. Sludge is stabilized to destroy pathogenic organisms, reduce odors, and inhibit the
potential for putrefaction or further breakdown and release of odors during sludge disposal or reuse.
Stabilization is accomplished through digestion by reducing the volatile or organic content of the
sludge (represented by the concentration of “volatile solids”) biologically. During the anaerobic
digestion process, the microorganisms present in wastewater sludge decompose organic matter in
the absence of oxygen to produce a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4),
referred to as “biogas”. The amount of organic matter available in wastewater sludge is determined
by the volatile solids (VS) concentration, with the balance consisting of inorganic, “inert” solid
matter. Thus, sludge with a higher VS concentration has the potential to produce higher quantities
of biogas during the digestion process than sludge with a lower VS concentration. Figure 4 shows
the microbial pathways and chemical products produced during the anaerobic digestion process.
Figure 4: The Microbiological Pathways and Products of Anaerobic Digestion.
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Primary sludge typically has a higher VS concentration than secondary or biological sludge (WAS)
because a portion of the VS in WAS has been oxidized during aeration in an activated sludge or
similar secondary treatment process. Other waste streams or feedstocks can provide a good source
of VS for digestion and biogas production. These include sources produced through commercial
and industrial processes, such as fats, oils and grease (FOG) from restaurants and other food serving
and processing establishments, food waste, and beverage waste among others. The properties of
possible digester feedstocks evaluated in this study are discussed in a later section of this report.
The process is carried out in airtight, heated reactor vessels as sludge is fed continuously (flow
through) or intermittently (batch feed) and retained for a certain period of time determined by the
level of treatment required. Typically, two types of configurations are used: standard-rate and high-
rate. Standard-rate digester reactors are unheated and unmixed, resulting in stratification of the
digester volume. This configuration is rarely used in new digestion facilities. Hydraulic retention
times (HRT) for standard-rate digestion can range from 30 to 60 days. High-rate digesters are
heated and completely mixed and have an HRT of 15 days or more. Figure 5 shows a typical cross
section of a high rate digester configuration.
Figure 5: Cross sections of typical high-rate digester configuration.
Heating required for high-rate digestion varies depending on the operating temperature. Optimum
temperatures are in the mesophilic range of 95 to 105°F (35 to 41°C) or the thermophilic range of
120 to 135°F (49 to 57°C). Although thermophilic digestion requires more heat and is typically less
stable than mesophilic digestion, thermophilic digestion takes less time and usually can produce 15
to 20 percent more biogas than the mesophilic process. This is because biological reaction rates are
increased at higher temperatures.
2.1.2 Biogas Treatment
The biogas that could be produced using anaerobic digestion at the Fairhaven WWTP is expected to
be similar to typical anaerobic sludge biogas produced by mesophilic sludge digesters at other
municipal treatment plants. Typical digester biogas is saturated with water vapor, is at a temperature
very close to the process operation, and pressure of 8 to 12 inches water column (0.3 to 0.4 psig). In
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a thermophilic system, the biogas holds 8 to 12 times the water vapor; this is due to greatly increased
saturation vapor pressures at the higher operating temperatures. The raw biogas produced during
the digestion process contains contaminants that can be removed to improve the fuel quality for the
selected power generation equipment and also to optimize performance of the CHP system. A
summary of typical biogas, based on the results of laboratory analyses from several representative
plants is presented in Table 5.
Table 5: Typical WWTP Biogas Characteristics1.
Constituent or Parameter Units Value Remarks
Gas pressure, psig4 0.3 to 0.4
Methane, CH4 percent 60 to 68 Dry biogas
Carbon dioxide, CO2 percent 30 to 38 Dry biogas
As produced,
Water vapor, H2O percent 5 to 6
mesophilic
Nitrogen, N2 percent 0.5 to 2 Dry biogas
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S parts per million 50 to 3000 Varies widely
Siloxanes parts per million 0.3 to 6 Varies widely
Particulates with a mass > 10 Unknown,
ppm5 Varies
microns but expected
Temperature (mesophilic) degrees Fahrenheit 95 to 98 As produced
Temperature (thermophilic) degrees Fahrenheit 125 to 140 As produced
Specific gravity dimensionless 0.90 to 0.93 Based on air =1.0
Higher or gross heating value2 Btu per cubic foot 620 to 680 Dry biogas
Lower or net heating value3 Btu per cubic foot 550 to 600 Dry biogas
Notes:
1. Based on the typical biogas analysis at many wastewater treatment plants.
2. The higher heat value includes the energy required to vaporize the water formed chemically by
the combustion of the fuel. Methane has a higher heating value of 1010 Btu per cubic foot.
Natural gas utilities sell gas per its higher heating value.
3. The lower heat value does not include the energy required to vaporize the water formed in the
chemical reaction by the combustion of the fuel. Methane has a lower heating value of 909 Btu
per cubic foot. The fuel consumption of cogeneration equipment, by convention, is per the
fuel’s lower heating value.
4. The abbreviation Psig is pressure, in pounds per square inch, gage.
5. The abbreviation ppm is parts per million; ppb is parts per billion
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A biogas treatment system can range in complexity depending on the fuel quality specifications
required by the gas use or power generation equipment. One common system configurations
designed to remove these contaminants may include the following components:
Mechanical moisture separators/"knock-out" pots – removal of free water
Iron sponge or chemical scrubber – hydrogen sulfide (H2S) reduction
Gas cooler, heat exchanger, and moisture separator - refrigerated gas cooling to approximately 40°F to
remove water vapor
Centrifugal blower – gas pressurization ranging from 2 to 80 psig and re-heating
Vapor-phase activated carbon - siloxane removal
Filtration – remove particulates
Siloxanes are man-made volatile organic chemicals containing silica, oxygen, and alkanes
(hydrocarbons) that are found in many personal care and home care products such as deodorants,
shampoos, water-proofing compounds, dyes and hand lotions. They are very troublesome when
combusted because they form deposits on moving parts and reduce the efficiency of most
combustion engines. Two of the five most common digester siloxanes are water soluble and can be
removed with water. The remaining siloxanes must be removed through adsorption by activated
carbon.
An advanced biogas treatment system is shown in Figure 6 and includes activated carbon vessels for
advanced siloxane removal. The system is used to cool biogas down to approximately 40°F, in which
over 90 percent of the water is condensed as well as some of the soluble siloxanes. The gas cooler
can be a simple, single-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The small centrifugal gas blower only
adds about 3 or 4 psig of gas pressure to the gas, as well as 30 to 40 degrees F worth of heat, via the
heat of compression. This provides all the gas pressure needed for most of today’s gas engines,
including Stirling Engines. However, microturbines can require up to 80 psig of pressure and
require a compressor.
Figure 6: Schematic of an advanced biogas treatment system with siloxane removal.
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2.2 Combined Heat and Power
By definition, the CHP process at a WWTP produces both usable heat energy and electric power
from the same fuel source. Note that the term “combined heat and power” used in this study also is
used by the EPA and, particularly in Europe, where municipal and commercial biogas-fueled
projects are extremely common. The EPA defines CHP as the “simultaneous production of
electricity and heat from a single fuel source, such as natural gas, biomass, biogas, coal, waste heat,
or oil”. CHP is an integrated energy production system that is site specific to the fuel source (in this
study, biogas), the power generation equipment, and the heat recovery system.
In most WWTP applications, biogas is used to fuel power generation equipment to produce
electricity and heat from the exhaust or other source is recovered for use elsewhere at the WWTP.
Recovered heat can be used for treatment processes and to heat buildings, but is typically used in the
anaerobic digestion process to heat the influent digester feedstock to the desired operating
temperature. Figure 7 shows a process flow diagram for a typical WWTP CHP system.
Figure 7: Process Schematic for a CHP System.
2.2.1 CHP Alternatives
The alternatives for CHP were developed based on new and proven biogas fueled equipment, with
the appropriate accessories and auxiliaries required by that technology. The alternatives were based
on actual equipment with known experience with low energy-content gas mixtures such as WWTP
biogas or municipal landfill gas. An ideal CHP system would operate continuously and consume all
plant biogas to produce all heat needs, along with a substantial portion of the WWTP electricity
needs.
2.2.2 Power Generation Equipment
Based the potential biogas production for the different alternatives developed for this study, and a
typical lower heating valve for methane gas of 909 Btu per cubic foot, an approximate size range for
power generation of 50 kW to 200 kW was calculated. This range limits the applicable power
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generation equipment to: microturbines, Stirling cycle engine generators, and small internal
combustion (IC) engine generators. These are discussed in more detail in the following sections.
Microturbine Background
Microturbines are small, high-speed combustion gas turbine generators produced in sizes of 43 kW
to 250 kW. For improved electric power generation efficiency, microturbines include a specialized
recuperator, or high temperature gas-to-air heat exchanger to help capture a portion of the exhaust
heat for warming the combustion air. Some microturbines were developed from high-speed
turbochargers originally developed for large reciprocating engines, and some microturbines have
innovative air bearings for reduced maintenance.
A gas turbine is a type of rotating machine that produces mechanical power from the expansion of a
combusted fuel. A microturbine is a very small combustion gas turbine packaged with an electric
generator and an exhaust gas recuperator for improved electric power production. Gas turbines first
debuted in about 1939, but microturbines were only introduced in about 1995. The Capstone
microturbine may have been one of the first microturbines, and it is clearly the most publicized and
well-known. Other microturbine suppliers include Ingersoll Rand. The Capstone microturbine unit
has a power generation efficiency of approximately 26 percent.
Stirling Cycle Engine Generator Background
The Stirling Cycle was developed in 1816, but has not been widely used until recently. The Stirling
Biopower PowerUnit™ is an engine-generator package that includes an external combustion
Stirling-cycle engine, a low-energy-content-fuel-fired combustion system, an induction generator, an
engine control system, a weather-protective enclosure with integral ventilation system, and other
supporting electrical equipment for grid parallel operation.
The PowerUnit’s technology is centered on a four-cylinder Stirling engine. A Stirling engine is a
heat engine. The heat can be provided from an external heat source or be produced by the
combustion of a wide variety of fuels within the integral combustor. This heat is maintained at a
constant temperature in one section of the engine, where heat is transferred to pressurized
hydrogen. As the hydrogen expands, it pushes the pistons. In the low-temperature section of the
engine, the hydrogen is cooled by heat-storage devices and liquid coolers. As it expands and
contracts, the hydrogen drives the reciprocating motion of the pistons, which is converted to rotary
motion via a swash plate that powers a small, standard induction electrical generator. The hydrogen-
cooling process also generates heat that can be used as combined heat and power in ancillary
processes.
The base PowerUnit™ is designed for operation on biogas and is rated at 43 kW of nominal electric
power output and produces 65 kW to 79 kW of extractable heat with the optional combined heat
and power (CHP). The Stirling power unit reportedly has an electric power generation efficiency of
approximately 28 percent.
Internal Combustion Engine Generator Background
Spark-ignition internal combustion engines have been producing electric power at WWTP in the US
since the 1920s. IC engines are a proven and well-establsihed technology that is available from
several manufacturers. Lean-burn, spark-ignition, internal combustion engines are available in sizes
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from about 150 kW to over 6000 kW. Currently, lean-burn engines are, by far, the most popular
type WWTP biogas fuel prime mover, because of their low cost per unit power produced, relatively
high efficiencies, extensive proven track record, and acceptable exhaust emissions. Lean-burn
engines offer the advantages of good fuel economy and the ability to use low pressure biogas, at 2
psig or less. This helps reduce the cost and complexity of fuel compression. Internal combustion
engine generators have an expected power generation efficiency of approximately 30 to 34 percent.
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
3. DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES
3.1 Alternative Evaluation Process
In the next sections, alternatives for a new anaerobic digestion and combined heat and power
systems at the Fairhaven WWTP are introduced and developed in more detail. These alternatives
represent the different designs that were conceptualized to meet the objectives of this study. In
review, the objectives of this study were summarized by the following:
1. Evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of implementing anaerobic digestion and CHP
to produce methane fuel for electric power generation at the WWTP, and
2. Evaluate the holistic impacts anaerobic digestion and CHP will have on the existing WWTP
performance and effluent quality.
The objectives of this study were used to guide the development process and will be evident in the
alternatives presented for evaluation on non-cost and cost criteria in the next section.
3.2 Digester Feedstock Alternatives
The conceptual design of the anaerobic digestion and CHP facility for the Fairhaven WWTP
depends heavily on the characteristics of the feedstock supplied to the digestion process, and as a
result, the potential digester biogas production. Three digester feedstock alternatives were
developed and evaluated in this study using different types of waste organic solids including:
Digester Feedstock 1 – Fairhaven WWTP Sludge
Digester Feedstock 2 – WWTP Sludge + Beverage and Dairy Waste + Fats, oils and grease
(FOG)
Digester Feedstock 3 – WWTP Sludge + Beverage and Dairy Waste + FOG + Food Waste
These feedstock alternatives differed in their characteristics and the quantity of digester biogas that
can potentially be generated from them. They also differed in the way they can be introduced into
the digestion process. The level of complexity increases as different waste streams are added
because of the goal to provide a relatively consistent and homogeneous feedstock to the digestion
process. Different waste types must be blended as they are received and some types, like food
waste, require pretreatment in the form of screening and maceration to create a slurry from high
solids concentration loads.
It is important to note that possibly the most difficult and impactful part of the development of
conceptual designs was the identification and characterization of digester feedstock alternatives.
Identifying available waste sources for digestion locally and acquiring good data for these sources
proved to be challenging. In some cases, the individuals responsible for management of a particular
waste stream were resistant to providing any information. Others expressed enthusiasm for the
opportunity to take part in beneficial reuse of their waste stream and the possibility of lower disposal
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costs and potential payment as these waste streams will likely become commodities. These issues
are expressed here to emphasize that these challenges may persist as future projects are developed
and that there are no guarantees associated with the availability of the waste sources identified in this
study.
The co-digestion of wastewater sludge with other waste organic sources has been practiced for years
in many parts of Europe, but it is a relatively new modification to traditional anaerobic digestion in
the US. We are aware of several municipal WWTPs in the US that are currently researching and
implementing co-digestion at existing digester facilities. These facilities include:
East Bay Municipal Utilities District (EBMUD), Oakland, CA
Riverside, CA
Inland Empire Utility Agency, Chino, CA
Tacoma, WA
Des Moines, IA
Oxnard, CA
South Bayside Discharge Authority, Redwood City, CA
Supplemental organic wastes that have been considered and tested include FOG, food, beverage,
brewery (yeasts), dairy waste, and food flavor waste and de-icing fluid used at airports. Typically, the
main driver for co-digestion at WWTPs is to enhance biogas production by adding highly degradable
organic wastes to the main municipal sludge load. Thus, the value of a feedstock relates to the
amount of biogas that is produced from the anaerobic digestion of the organic material in the
feedstock. In addition, the WWTP must have the ability to economically and beneficially use the
added biogas, typically in a CHP system.
In general, the potential biogas yield varies between different organic wastes and this is shown by the
wastes considered in this study. Beverage waste from a local cranberry beverage production facility
is shown to have properties similar to wastewater sludge because the beverage waste is generated
from an activated sludge system at the facility. Dairy waste from a large dairy product facility has a
higher biogas yield than wastewater sludge because of its volatility and high organic content.
FOG offers some of the highest biogas yield for an organic waste due to its very high organic and
volatile content. Additionally, FOG has been shown to enhance the digestion and biogas
production of wastewater sludge when co-digested (Schafer, 2007). This has been attributed to a
symbiotic relationship between FOG and wastewater sludge during anaerobic digestion that
enhances biological activity by satisfying a trace metal deficiency and/or through an improved
carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the sludge. This enhanced biological activity has been shown to
increase volatile solids consumption, volume reduction, and biogas production. Limits to the
quantity of FOG that can be included in a digester feedstock are defined by the percentage of
volatile solids (VS) contributed by FOG compared to the overall VS load. Initial studies have
shown this limit to be approximately 30 percent and that increasing the VS load from FOG beyond
this amount may increase the risk for upset in the digestion process (Schafer, 2007).
The degree of pretreatment required for food waste prior to co-digestion with other wastes can be
significant. Screening and separation of debris such as silverware, glass, plates, etc. may be needed
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to protect downstream equipment depending on the source of the food waste. This debris is
typically associated with post-consumer waste from sources like restaurants and cafeterias. Quality
control measures can be taken to remove debris at the source, but in some cases this is not cost-
effective for the waste generator and often allows debris to pass into the feedstock. Limiting
acceptable food waste to pre-consumer waste from grocery stores and food processing plants that
typically do not contain debris can be a more effective way to prevent debris in the feedstock and
avoid onsite screening and separation.
Regardless of the quality of food waste, the high solids content and bulk of the received mixture
may require dilution or concentration, made into a slurry and pumped homogeneously before
digesting or combining with other wastes prior to digestion. European designs like the one shown
in Figure 8 use “hydro-pulpers” and cyclone separators to pre-process food waste into a suitable
feedstock.
Figure 8: Schematic of a Typical European Food Waste Pretreatment Process Prior to Anaerobic Digestion.
Companies like Biotechnische Abfallverwertung GmbH & Co. KG (BTA) and Linde-KCA have
been designing and constructing food waste digestion facilities in Europe and in some parts of Asia
for decades and much of the approaches to food waste digestion in the US has been adopted from
these designs or has been used directly. These processes can be costly to design, construct, and
operate and can significantly increase the overall project cost of a municipal digestion facility. These
processes will be discussed in more detail in the following sections.
The values for the characteristics determined for each digester feedstock alternative were used to
calculate digester tank volumes and biogas production for the conceptual anaerobic digestion facility
at the Fairhaven WWTP.
3.2.1 Digester Feedstock 1 - Fairhaven WWTP Sludge Only
The Fairhaven WWTP currently produces primary and secondary sludge from the liquid stream
treatment processes. Historical data for these sludge loads was evaluated to determine their
suitability for biogas production during anaerobic digestion. The sludge characteristics that are
important include daily sludge load (pounds per day), solids concentration (percent total solids,
%TS), and volatile solids concentration (%VS). Table 6 shows a summary of the characteristics of
the existing sludge produced at the Fairhaven WWTP used in this study that define “Digester
Feedstock 1”.
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Table 6: Summary of Characteristics1 for Conceptual Digester Feedstock Alternative 1.
Quantities
VS
Total solids Flow to concentration4, VS Load,
Type Produced, Pounds concentration, percent pounds per
digester,
gallons per day, percent day
gallons
per day dry
per day2
3.9
Primary sludge3 5,826 1,890 3,777 84 1,588
Secondary
19,143 1,597 1.0 3,191 80 1,277
sludge3
Total 24,969 3,487 -- 6,968 -- 2,865
Digester
6,967 3,487 6.0 6,968 83 2,865
Feedstock 12
Notes:
1. These are preliminary data for planning purposes only and should be refined further for future analysis
and design work
2. It was assumed that all feedstock components would be blended and thickened prior to digestion; sludge
loads were calculated on a dry pound basis with a total solids concentration of 6%.
3. Historical sludge characteristics were determined based on WWTP data from January, 2004 to May, 2008.
4. Volatile solids concentration data were generated from the June, 2008 three-day sludge sampling event at
the Fairhaven WWTP conducted as part of this study. Lab results from this sampling event are shown in
Appendix B.
Primary sludge from the Fairhaven WWTP had a higher concentration and volatile content than
secondary sludge, which is fairly typical for WWTP sludge. The differences between the total wet
pounds and gallons for each sludge compared to those listed for Digester Feedstock 1 existed
because it was assumed that combined sludge would be thickened before digestion. The volumetric
flow rate (gal/d) for Digester Feedstock 1 was based on the sum of the average generation rates (dry
lbs/d) of primary and secondary sludge at the WWTP with an assumed concentration of 6 percent
total solids. The VS concentration was based on actual data from the combined primary and
secondary sludge at the WWTP. Note that also, the combined VS load from primary and secondary
sludge was very close to what was calculated for the combined sludge VS load in Digester
Feedstock 1.
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3.2.2 Digester Feedstock 2 – WWTP Sludge + Organic Wastes
Conceptually, Digester Feedstock 2 consisted of a mixture of degradable organic waste from three
different local sources and the existing sludge load from the WWTP. These included the following:
Beverage processing waste - secondary sludge from an industrial WWTP treating waste from a
cranberry beverage production plant
Dairy waste – expired fluid milk and off-specification milk products
FOG – waste fats, oil, and grease from local restaurants, markets and food processing plants
These sources were identified through discussions with actual waste producers that provided
planning-level data on the characteristics and quantities of available waste that could be delivered to
the Fairhaven WWTP for digestion. Information from past Brown and Caldwell projects evaluating
the co-digestion of FOG with wastewater sludge was also used.
Overall, FOG was considered a more reliable feedstock component than cranberry beverage and
dairy waste. FOG is an abundant waste in a community like Fairhaven with several food-serving
establishments, while the long-term availability of beverage and dairy waste is uncertain because they
are controlled by major corporate production facilities. These corporations have existing methods
of disposal and may not commit their waste to an anaerobic digestion facility at the Town’s WWTP
on a long-term basis due to improvements in their disposal methods or to other less costly options.
In addition, the Fairhaven Board of Public Works recently passed FOG regulations requiring
outdoor grease traps. The goal is to prevent plug ups of the sanitary sewer system. The material
collected in these traps will need to be collected and processed and could potentially be used as a
feedstock component.
Because of the difference in reliability of the organic wastes, Digester Feedstock 2 was split into two
alternatives for evaluation:
Digester Feedstock 2A: wastewater sludge and FOG,
Digester Feedstock 2B: wastewater sludge, FOG, cranberry beverage and dairy wastes.
The amount of FOG included in Digester Feedstock 2A is twice the amount considered for
Digester Feedstock 2B. Table 7 shows a summary of the data used in this study that define Digester
Feedstock 2A & 2B.
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Table 7: Summary of Characteristics1 for Digester Feedstock Alternative 2A and 2B.
Quantities
VS
Produced Pounds Flow to VS
Total solids Load,
Waste Type or per digester, concentration2,
concentration, pounds
received, day, gallons percent
percent per day
gal/day dry per day2
Digester Feedstock 2A
WWTP sludge 24,969 3,487 6 6,968 83 2,865
FOG 1,000 834 10 1,667 95 792
Total 25,970 4,321 62 8,635 -- 3,687
Digester Feedstock 2B
WWTP sludge 24,969 3,487 6 6,967 83 2,865
FOG 600 500 10 1,000 95 475
Dairy3 2,000 2,6003 <1 2,000 90 2,600
Beverage 1,199 1,200 12 2,398 85 1,020
Total 28,769 7,787 62 12,365 -- 6,990
Notes:
1. These are preliminary data for planning purposes only and should be refined further for future analysis
and design work
2. It was assumed that all feedstock components would be blended and thickened prior to digestion; sludge
loads were calculated on a dry pound basis with a total solids concentration of 6%.
3. Dairy waste is a liquid stream that contributes to dry solids mass only through biological growth during
digestion. For this study, dairy waste COD mass will be used for “dry” mass and VS load because
essentially all of the COD mass is degradable.
The addition of 1000 gallons of received FOG waste to the wastewater sludge increased the
potential VS load of the digester feedstock by approximately 27 percent. Adding 600 gallons of
FOG with other waste sources such as dairy and beverage waste to the wastewater sludge increased
the potential VS load of the digester feedstock by approximately 78 percent.
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3.2.3 Digester Feedstock 3 – WWTP Sludge + Beverage Waste + FOG +
Food Waste
Data obtained from the “Food Waste Database”, developed by the Massachusetts Department of
Environmental Protection (MA DEP), was used to determine the characteristics of Digester
Feedstock 3. Staff from the MA DEP Commercial Waste Reduction Program queried the database
for available food waste within a 30-mile radius around the Fairhaven WWTP. The query identified
the location and name of food waste producers, characterized the type of food waste (restaurant,
institution, grocery store, etc.) and provided quantities of food waste in the local community.
The food waste quantity data was estimated by the MA DEP staff using assumptions for waste
production based on the size of the producer, pounds of food waste produced per person, and other
assumptions. The equation shown below is an example of the methods used by MA DEP to
estimate food production for supermarkets:
Food waste (lbs/year) = N of employees * 3,000 lbs/employee/yr
The final report was titled, “Identification, Characterization, and Mapping of Food Waste and Food
Waste Generators in Massachusetts”, and the complete data set generated for this study from the
MA DEP is shown in Appendix C.
Overall, the amount of available food waste in the area targeted by MA DEP is significant. In total,
over 228,000 pounds per day of food waste was shown to be available. Almost 8,000 pounds per
day of food waste was available in Fairhaven alone. Because of the enormous amount of food waste
production estimated by the MA DEP and the unknowns associated with the actual amount of
available food waste compared to these estimations, a 25% “availability” factor was applied to the
data. Additionally, the food waste considered for digester feedstock 3 was limited to those major
cities and towns within 10 miles of the Fairhaven WWTP including: Acushnet, Dartmouth,
Fairhaven, Fall River, Mattapoisett, and New Bedford.
Assumptions for food waste characteristics were developed from work performed by Brown and
Caldwell and the University of California, Davis (UC Davis). These assumptions and the data used
from the MA DEP food waste database were used to define the characteristics shown in Table 8 for
Digester Feedstock 3.
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Table 8: Summary of Characteristics1 for Conceptual Digester Feedstock Alternative 3.
Quantities
VS VS
Waste Produced or Flow to concentration2, Load,
Total solids percent
Type received Pounds per digester, pounds
concentration,
gallons per day, dry gallons per per day
percent
day day2
WWTP
24,970 3,487 6 6,968 83 2,865
sludge
FOG 600 500 10 1,000 95 475
Dairy4 2,000 2,600 <1 2,000 90 2600
Beverage 1,199 1,200 12 2,398 85 1,020
Food
1,214 3,293 255 6,582 85 2,799
Waste3
Total 29,983 11,080 62 18,948 -- 9,789
Notes:
1. These are preliminary data for planning purposes only and should be refined further for future analysis
and design work
2. It was assumed that all feedstock components would be blended and thickened prior to digestion; sludge
loads were calculated on a dry pound basis with a total solids concentration of 6%.
3. Includes a 25% availability factor for total quantity of food waste estimated for the six major cities and
towns around the Fairhaven WWTP.
4. Dairy waste is a liquid stream that contributes to dry solids mass only through biological growth during
digestion. For this study, dairy waste COD mass will be used for “dry” mass and VS load because
essentially all of the COD mass is degradable.
5. All food waste received at the Fairhaven WWTP would have to be diluted down from high solids
concentration and processed (i.e. “hydropulped”) before it blended with other feedstock wastes.
Adding 600 gallons of FOG with other waste sources like dairy, beverage, and food waste to the
wastewater sludge increased the potential VS load of the digester feedstock by approximately 78
percent.
3.2.4 Summary of Digester Feedstock Alternatives
Table 9 shows a summary of the characteristics of the three digester feedstock alternatives
developed for this study.
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Table 9: Summary of Characteristics1 for Conceptual Digester Feedstock Alternatives.
Imported Flow to
Imported VS Load,
Truckloads per digester,
Alternative Components gallons pounds per
week, # trucks4 gallons per
per day3 day
(approximate) day2
1 WWTP sludge 0 0 6,968 2,865
WWTP sludge 0 1
2A FOG 600 1 8,634 3,687
Total 600 1
WWTP sludge 0 0
FOG 600 1
Dairy waste 2,000 4
2B 12,366 6,990
Cranberry beverage
1,199 2
production waste
Total 3,799 7
WWTP sludge 0 0
FOG 600 1
Dairy waste 2,000 4
3 Cranberry beverage 18,947 9,789
1,199 2
processing waste
Food waste 1,214 2
Total 5,013 9
Notes:
1. These are preliminary data for planning purposes only and should be refined further for future analysis
and design work
2. It was assumed that all feedstock alternatives would be thickened prior to digestion and sludge loads were
calculated on a dry pound basis with a total solids concentration of 6%.
3. Based on a five-day work week at the WWTP.
4. Based on a typical tanker truck capacity of 3,000 gallons per truck.
The addition of cranberry beverage and dairy waste to the digester feedstock resulted in the highest
net weekly increase in received truckloads at the plant (4). Adding FOG or food waste resulted in
only one additional truckload per week received at the plant. The value of adding organic wastes to
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the wastewater sludge to enhance the digester feedstock is shown by the increase in VS load as feed
flow increases from Digester Feedstock 1 to 3. Overall, Digester Feedstock 3 could provide the
highest amount of volatile solids for digestion and has the highest biogas production potential of all
feedstock alternatives. As the following sections will show, these differences in feedstock
characteristics directly impact the difference in potential biogas production from each feedstock.
3.3 Anaerobic Digestion Process
3.3.1 Digestion Alternatives to be Considered
This study evaluates single-stage and two-stage high-rate anaerobic digestion alternatives in the
mesophilic and thermophilic temperature ranges. The conceptual design assumptions for each
digestion alternative are shown in Table 10. Note that each “stage” represents a digester tank.
Table 10: Design assumptions for different anaerobic digestion alternatives.
Operating Hydraulic Retention
Temperature, °F(°C) Time, days Estimated
Alternative Description
1st 2nd VSR, %
1st stage 2nd stage Overall
stage stage
Single-stage
1 100 (38) -- 15 -- 15 50
mesophilic
Two-stage
2 100 (38) 100 (38) 10 10 20 55
mesophilic
Single-stage
3 135 (57) -- 9 -- 9 50
thermophilic
Two-stage
4 thermophilic/ 135 (57) 100 (38) 8 10 18 65
mesophilic
A conceptual process flow diagram showing the digester configuration alternatives is presented in
Figure 9.
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Figure 9: Conceptual Process Flow Diagram for Anaerobic Digester Configuration Alternatives.
The four alternatives for digestion present configurations that differ in many aspects of design and
performance. The major design and performance elements are discussed in the following sections
and include:
Tank volume
Heating requirements
Biogas production and solids reduction
Impact to Required Digester Reactor Volume
The digester tank volume requirements differ for each alternative due to the hydraulic residence time
(HRT) assumed for each stage of digestion. As shown in Table 10, increasing operating temperature
and the number of stages reduces the required HRT for individual stages. Required digester tank
volume for each stage is calculated by multiplying the daily digester influent feed (feedstock) by the
HRT. A safety factor of 30 percent was also included in the tank volume calculation for the purpose
of this study. A discussion of digester feedstock alternatives and design assumptions for feed rates
and tank volumes associated with these alternatives is discussed in the following section.
The digester feedstock information and the digester design assumptions were used to determine the
digester tank sizes required for the digestion alternatives described using a feedstock containing only
sludge generated at the Fairhaven WWTP. Conceptual digester tank sizes were estimated using the
following equation:
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Volume = HRT (days) * conceptual feedstock daily flow (gal/day) *1.3 (30% safety factor)
The digester tank sizes required for the conceptual WWTP sludge feedstock were rounded to the
nearest 1,000 gallon. The type of digester tanks considered in this study were bolted steel tanks
typically used for digestion in industrial waste applications and occasionally for wastewater and
sludge storage in municipal WWTP applications. These tanks are widely available through US
manufacturers with corrosion resistant interior from glass-fused-to-steel surfaces or epoxy coatings.
Figure 10 shows a typical bolted steel tank similar to the tank designs considered in this study.
Figure 10: Typical Bolted Steel Tanks - Aquastore Glass-fused-to-steel Insulated Tanks
Estimated tank volumes are shown in Table 11 and were used to acquire budgetary costs from
manufacturers for new bolted steel digester tanks. The useful service life for steel tanks are typically
in the range of 25 to 30 years, compared to approximately 50 years for concrete digester vessels.
The development of the LCA for each digestion alternative using these and other costs is discussed
in the following sections.
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Table 11: Estimated Digester Tank Volumes for a Conceptual Feedstock Containing WWTP Sludge.
Alternative 4
Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3
(Two-stage
Digester Configuration (Single-stage (Single-stage (Two-stage
thermophilic/
mesophilic) thermophilic) mesophilic)
mesophilic)
Estimated digester tank volume, gallons
Digester Feedstock 1
First Stage 136,000 91,000 82,000 73,000
Second stage 0 91,000 0 91,000
Digester Feedstock 2A
First Stage 169,000 113,000 101,000 90,000
Second stage 0 113,000 0 113,000
Digester Feedstock 2B
First Stage 242,000 161,000 145,000 129,000
Second stage 0 161,000 0 161,000
Digester Feedstock 3
First Stage 370,000 247,000 222,000 197,000
Second stage 0 247,000 0 247,000
Overall, increasing feedstock volume led to increased digester tank volumes for all digestion
configuration alternatives. The difference in required tank volumes was evident between each
digestion and feedstock alternative. Individual tank volume is less for two-stage systems, but the
overall tank volume is significantly greater for two-stage digestion compared to single-stage systems
for the same feedstock. The effect of increasing operating temperature is shown by the decrease in
required tank volume in single and two-stage systems. This is due to the lower HRT required for
thermophilic digestion (135°F) compared to mesophilic digestion (100°F).
Impact to Heating Requirements
The heat load for anaerobic digestion process makes up the majority of the required energy.
Heating requirements include the energy needed to bring the digester feedstock to operating
temperatures in either the mesophilic or thermophilic range and the amount needed to maintain
these temperatures during the full digestion period. Heat losses through tank walls, ceilings, and
piping contribute to the heat maintenance requirements and can be significant during the cold winter
days in New England.
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The required heat loads were calculated for each digester configuration and feedstock alternative and
include estimates for heat loss through insulated steel digester tank walls. These calculations are
shown in detail in Appendix D and the results of these calculations are shown graphically in Figure
11.
900,000
Feedstock 1
800,000 Feedstock 2A
Feedstock 2B
Feedstock 3
700,000
Required Heat Load, BTU/hr
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4
Digestion Configuration
Figure 11: Heating Requirements for Digestion Configuration and Feedstock Alternatives.
The heat required to account for heat lost from each digester tank was greater than the difference in
heat load between mesophilic (100°F) and thermophilic (135°F) operating temperatures. This
caused the most significant heat load increases to occur when additional digester tanks were added
for a two-stage system, as shown between alternatives 1 and 2, and alternatives 3 and 4. The highest
heat load was shown for Digester Feedstock 3 because of the large volume associated with the
combination of wastewater sludge, beverage and dairy waste, FOG, and food waste.
Depending on the volume and operating temperature, some if not all of the heat load required for
anaerobic digestion can be acquired through heat recovery from operating power generation
equipment as part of the CHP system. If more heat is required than available through heat recovery,
then a net heat load exists for digestion that requires supplemental heat. Supplemental heat is
commonly provided by a natural gas-fueled boiler. .
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3.3.2 Biogas Storage
A biogas storage system covers the digester vessel, but is primarily required to provide a constant gas
pressure to the CHP system. Biogas is typically generated at an uneven rate during the anaerobic
digestion process and its variability is increased when different feedstock components are added
such as FOG and food waste. Generally, biogas treatment and combustion equipment require a
relatively constant pressure that can be supplied by using a biogas storage system.
The use of bolted steel tanks for digesters is accompanied by the use of innovative or non-traditional
biogas storage options. The headspace under a fixed or floating cover of traditional anaerobic
digesters provides very limited biogas storage space. Membrane biogas storage systems act as a
digester cover with the benefits of biogas storage and can be installed on top of a new or existing
digester tank or as a stand alone structure. Figures 12 and 13 show examples of current membrane
gas storage systems on new and retrofitted to existing anaerobic digester vessels.
Figure 12: Duosphere® Tank-mounted Membrane Gas Storage System installed at the Galion WWTP
in Galion, OH.
Figure 13: Duosphere® Stand-alone membrane Gas Storage System by WesTech.
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The different types of flexible membrane gas storage systems are generally similar in design and
operation, but differ greatly in their footprint required. A tank-mounted system is located on top of
a digester tank and does not use additional area whereas a stand-alone system can take up an area
equal to the digester footprint. Because of the limited availability of space at the Fairhaven WWTP,
tank-mounted membrane biogas storage systems will be considered for evaluation.
A typical tank-mounted membrane biogas storage system is dome-shaped and includes two durable
membranes. The outer air membrane remains inflated with air in a fixed position and is cable
restrained to the digester tank to ensure system integrity and allow operating pressures up to 16-
inches of water column. The inner membrane moves freely as it stores or releases biogas generated
from the anaerobic digestion process. The membranes are sealed tight to the digestion tank wall and
prevent odors from escaping. Figure 14 shows a cross section of a tank-mounted membrane biogas
storage system.
Figure 14: Cross-section View of a Siemens Dystor® Membrane Gas Holding System.
A relatively low, compressed air handling system is used to maintain a preset operating pressure
between the two membranes. A blower or fan supplies pressurized air to the air chamber when
biogas is withdrawn and a pressure air control valve vents air to accommodate increasing biogas
volumes. By automatically equalizing the pressure, the pressurized air system keeps the outer
membrane inflated, while exerting a constant pressure on the stored biogas. Ideally, biogas is
withdrawn from a storage system at a location furthest from the liquid level within the digester
vessel. The biogas withdrawal location can be limited with membrane storage systems due to
geometry and the variability of its shape as pressure varies.
Membrane gas storage systems are installed and operating at several anaerobic digestion facilities in
the US. The leading manufacturers of membrane gas storage systems are Siemens (Dystor®) and
WesTech (Duosphere®) and each offers manufacturer’s installation. The Dystor design has existed
for approximately 15 to 20 years, while Duosphere had their first cover installation on an anaerobic
digestion vessel within the last 12 months (November 2007 -2008) of this study. The Duosphere
membrane is thicker and typically carries a longer manufacturer’s guarantee than the Dystor
membrane.
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The conceptual design for the anaerobic digestion process includes a membrane gas storage system
because of its automated operation and control and its ability to adjust quickly and automatically to
variable gas volume and pressures and sludge levels.
3.3.3 Digester Mixing System
The use of a tank-mounted membrane biogas storage system in the conceptual design limits the
options for digester mixing to systems that do not require equipment penetrating or mounted on the
roof of a digester tank. This excludes traditional draft tube mixing systems and mechanical mixers.
The applicable digester mixing systems include gas mixing, peripheral draft tubes with heating
jackets, and jet or pump mixing. Gas mixing systems have been installed in the past and in many
cases have shown problems completely mixing digester contents. Jet or pump mixing can provide
better mixing than a gas mixing system, but requires the placement of nozzles within the digester
that may require draining the digester vessel for maintenance or due to failure. Foaming of the
digester contents at the surface is also a potential maintenance issue that must be considered with
the other potential issues identified during future design.
A jet mixing system uses an arrangement of nozzles mounted near the floor of the digester and
multiple pumps to circulate the digester contents and create a vertical mixing zone throughout the
digester. Vaughan manufactures a jet mixing system, the Rotamix system, for cylindrical digester
tanks that uses chopper pumps and, according to Vaughan, induces two zones of rotation within the
digester in the vertical and horizontal directions. It can create both a uniform field of flow (zone 1),
where the contents rotate as a solid unit with the highest velocity at the outside, and a “vortical” or a
vertical-axis vortex field of flow (zone 2), where high velocities are present at the center of the
digester. A schematic of these flow patterns is shown in Figure 15.
Figure 15: Mixing Zone Patterns Induced by the Vaughan Rotamix Jet Mixing System.
The use of chopper pumps can help break up conglomerated particles in the digester and increase
surface area allowing better contact and interaction between microbes, organic solids, and nutrients.
The chopper pumps can also help prevent clogging of the high velocity jet nozzles. Figure 16 shows
an image of the Rotamix jet nozzles installed within a digester.
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Figure 16: Jet Nozzles Installed as Part of a Vaughan Rotamix Digester Mixing System.
The Rotamix system is sized based on the dimensions of the digester tank being mixed and specifies
the number and flow rate of the chopper pumps and the number of jet nozzles required to fully mix
the digester contents. Table 12 summarizes the design parameters for the Rotamix mixing system
alternatives evaluated as part of the conceptual design for this study.
Table 12: Summary of Design Parameters for the Digester Mixing System Alternatives.
Tank Dimensions Mixing Pump Specifications
Mixing
Diameter, No. of Recirculation
System Type Water
ft Nozzles Number Type flow rate, HP
Alternative Level, ft
gpm
A Jet 30 13 2 1 Chopper 450 10
B Mixing 40 22 4 1 Chopper 1070 20
3.4 Combined Heat and Power System
3.4.1 Biogas Treatment and Power Generation
The treatment system required for biogas depends directly on the type of power generation
equipment it fuels. Therefore, the biogas treatment system and power generation equipment were
integrated to better evaluate each system as they would be designed, installed and operated at the
Fairhaven WWTP. The fuel specification requirements for microturbines mandate the need for gas
pressurization to 80 psig for water removal, and for siloxane removal. Table 13 summarizes the
performance characteristics of the power generation alternatives and the required biogas treatment.
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Table 13: Summary of Power Generation Equipment and Biogas Treatment Information.
Power Generation Technology
Equipment Information
Stirling Cycle Small Lean Burn IC
Microturbine
Engine Engine
Available Unit Capacities, kW
65 and 250 43 110 to 250
Efficiency, %
26 28 30 to 34
Fuel Gas Requirements and
Treatment Equipment
Moisture removal
Typical equipment Refrigerated gas Refrigerated gas
Refrigerated gas
dryer or similar dryer or similar
dryer
cooling to 40°F cooling to 40°F
Gas pressure required
Fuel pressure, psi
80 25 2 to 5
Pressurization device
Centrifugal gas
Gas compressor Gas compressor
blower
Typical power required for
biogas flow range, HP 10 5 2
Hydrogen sulfide control
Maximum level allowed, ppm
--- --- 600 to 1,000
Typical equipment
Iron salts added to Iron salts added to
Iron salts added to
digester, followed by digester followed by
digester
iron sponge iron sponge
Typical Siloxane Removal Optional per gas
Activated carbon Activated carbon
equipment quality and
(temp. swing (temp. swing
equipment
adsorption system) adsorption system)
maintenance
The digestion alternatives presented in previous sections produced a range of available methane
production levels from biogas. Based on the available methane fuel, power output per unit and the
efficiency of each type of power generation equipment, each digestion alternative could fuel
different numbers of equipment units with treated biogas. An increase in the number of power
generation equipment units results in higher capital costs, but also yields more recoverable heat per
unit and better turndown that can be used for process needs. Figure 17 shows a process flow
diagram for a typical microturbine heat recovery system.
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Figure 17: A Process Flow Diagram for a Typical Microturbine-based CHP System.
IC engine models are available over a range of capacities and a single unit could be used for each
combination of digester feedstock and configuration alternative. It was assumed for this study that
the recovered heat from the CHP system would be primarily used to satisfy digester heat load
requirements. Table 14 shows the available capacities and recoverable heat for each power
generation technology evaluated in this study.
Table 14: Available Capacities and Heat Recovery for Electric Power Generation Equipment
Technologies.
Capstone Stirling
Technology MAN Lean Burn IC Engine
Microturbine BioPower
Power Output Capacity, kW 65 43 64 110 150
Recoverable Heat, Btu/hr 260,000 240,000 348,228 501,858 798,876
The amount of recoverable heat varies for each technology because of their design and their electric
power output capacity. For example, a 100 kW IC engine would produce more recoverable heat
than a 100-kW microturbine because of its mechanics and would also produce more heat than a 75
kW IC engine because of the difference in exhaust gas flow and engine volume.
The number of units that could be fueled using biogas will also differ for each type of electric power
generation equipment because of their available capacities and variations in the estimated amount of
biogas fuel for each digester alternative. Because of the variations shown for available capacities,
recoverable heat per equipment unit, and the amount of biogas fuel generated for each digester
alternative, the amount of recoverable heat available from the CHP system varied for each
alternative. This impacted the overall heat load and costs for each digester and feedstock alternative
and will be discussed in more detail in the evaluation section.
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
4. EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES
4.1 Non-Economic Evaluation
Several alternatives for anaerobic digestion and CHP are presented in this study. These alternatives
have several non-cost related advantages and disadvantages that impact their value to the design and
operation of a new digestion and CHP facility. Evaluation criteria were developed for the major
design elements based on Brown and Caldwell’s experience with similar facilities and input from the
Fairhaven WWTP staff. These criteria were used to screen alternatives and streamline the life cycle
cost analysis for alternatives.
4.1.1 Anaerobic Digester Feedstock
The digester feedstock evaluation criteria were the following:
Feedstock value: Biogas yield and nitrogen load
Reliability of waste source
Pre-processing requirements
The alternatives for digester feedstock alternatives evaluated were:
Digester Feedstock 1: WWTP sludge
Digester Feedstock 2A: WWTP sludge and FOG,
Digester Feedstock 2B: WWTP sludge, FOG, beverage and dairy wastes
Digester Feedstock 3: WWTP sludge, FOG, beverage and dairy wastes, food waste
Feedstock Value: Biogas Yield and Nitrogen Load
The Town and staff at the WWTP is concerned with any negative impacts from increasing the
volume of waste received at the WWTP from outside sources. However, the Town supports the
import of materials that could enhance the biogas yield and volatile solids destruction of the
feedstock during anaerobic digestion. The proximity of neighboring residences and increased vehicle
traffic associated with the import of certain wastes are important considerations in the assessment of
alternatives. Although a digestion and CHP facility would be municipally-owned and operated, these
concerns remain important to the Town and to this study. For this evaluation, the value of each
feedstock will be evaluated according to the biogas “yield”. The yield refers to the amount of
methane produced per unit volume of flow of the feedstock.
The difference between the volumes of imported organic wastes for each feedstock alternative was
shown to be significant. Food waste offered the highest available volume of received waste at the
highest concentration. Assumptions for receivable volume of FOG were low because of the
unknown quantities of locally available FOG, but the value of FOG for digestion enhancement was
the highest for all the organic wastes considered in this study. One way to evaluate the value of a
digester feedstock component is to compare the amount of methane gas yield per gallon of received
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waste. Using this method, Table 15 shows the potential value of each feedstock component and
each feedstock.
Table 15: Value of Digester Feedstock Components Shown as Methane Fuel Yield.
Average daily methane
Digester feed flow, Yield, cubic feet of
Feedstock Component production, cubic
gal/day methane/gallon fed
feett/day1
WWTP sludge 6,967 15,518 2.2
WWTP sludge
w/FOG synergy2 6,967 17,856 2.6
FOG 1,0003 3,940 4.0
Cranberry beverage
waste 2,398 6,290 2.6
Dairy waste 2,000 13,520 6.8
Food waste 6,582 19,106 2.9
Feedstock flow, Average daily methane Yield, cubic feet of
Feedstock
gal/day production, ft3/day1 methane/gallon fed
Digester Feedstock 1 6,967 15,518 2.2
Digester Feedstock
Alternative 2A 8,634 24,412 2.8
Digester Feedstock
Alternative 2B 12,366 41,596 3.4
Digester Feedstock
Alternative 3 18,947 60,702 3.2
Notes:
1. Methane production from biogas varied from 588 to 2,605 ft3/hr for each of the digestion configuration
alternatives. For this comparison, the methane production was averaged over Alternatives 1 through 4.
2. The volatile solids reduction of wastewater sludge during anaerobic digestion is increased when FOG is
added to the digester feedstock as described in Section 3.2..
3. Methane yield for FOG was independent of the feed volume.
In terms of individual feedstock components, dairy waste and FOG provide the highest methane
yield per gallon of liquid fed to an anaerobic digester. The methane yield for cranberry beverage and
food waste were similar. Note the difference in methane yield for wastewater sludge when FOG is
included in the feedstock.
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Overall, Digester Feedstock 2B provided the highest methane yield (3.4 cubic feet of methane per
gallon of liquid), showing that the organic waste sources of FOG, cranberry beverage and dairy
waste combined with wastewater sludge produce the greatest amount of potential power production
for the volume processed. Note the boost in yield shown from adding FOG to wastewater sludge
demonstrated by Digester Feedstock 2A.
Although these organic wastes are highly degradable and provided high VS loads, the water removed
from these wastes during thickening is recycled and treated in the WWTP liquid stream. Nutrients
(nitrogen and phosphorus) become concentrated in the recycle streams from thickening and
dewatering operations. These loads may be significant because the WWTP will likely face a lower
total nitrogen (TN) effluent limit in the next NPDES permit cycle expected in 2009. Table 16
shows the nitrogen load that each organic waste considered in this study would contribute to the
WWTP liquid stream compared to the sludge produced at the WWTP.
Table 16: Nitrogen Concentrations and Loads for Different Digester
Feedstock Components.
TN Load
Typical TN Processed
from
Feedstock component concentration, flow rate,
processing,
lbs/gal gal/day
lbs/day
Wastewater sludge 0.015 24,970 375
FOG-2A NA 1,000 NA
FOG -2B NA 600 NA
Dairy waste 0.042 2,000 84
Cranberry beverage waste NA 1,199 NA
Food waste 0.42 1,214 510
Feedstock TN Load from processing, lbs/day
Digester Feedstock 1 375
Digester Feedstock 2A NA
Digester Feedstock 2B 459
Digester Feedstock 3 969
The nitrogen loads shown in Table 16 are highly conservative estimates and do not consider loss to
digested sludge and to the WWTP effluent. The highest potential nitrogen load was contributed by
food waste. The nitrogen contribution by FOG is unknown at this time because of limited available
data on the nitrogen content in FOG. The nitrogen contributions by dairy waste were much lower
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than food waste and wastewater sludge. Dairy waste offers the least amount of nutrient impacts to
the WWTP liquid stream.
Although much of the nitrogen loads contributed by each feedstock component will remain with the
digested sludge, a portion of the loads will be returned to the liquid stream. The concentration of
nitrogen in the return stream depends on the type of thickening and/or dewatering equipment used.
Overall, the estimates shown in Table 17 suggest that food waste would contribute the highest
additional nitrogen load to the WWTP, while dairy and FOG waste would contribute the least.
Overall, FOG and dairy waste may be the most valuable feedstock components based on the
volume of received waste and the balance between potential methane production and nitrogen loads
to the WWTP. However, more research must be performed to determine the potential nitrogen
load to the WWTP from FOG.
Reliability of Waste Source
There is a certain level of unreliability for securing or obtaining all of the organic wastes considered
for digestion in this study. Unforeseeable problems with existing solids treatment operations such as
thickening and pumping could even lessen the reliability of sludge generated at the WWTP.
Suppliers of the imported organic wastes considered in this study may not have an interest in
sending food waste to a digester facility if they have ongoing satisfactory long-term contracts for
disposal.
Overall, FOG was considered the most reliable waste stream in the local community because of its
potential for consistent delivery, and strong potential for long term availability at local food-serving
establishments. There are over 20 restaurants that exist between the town of Fairhaven and its
neighbors Acushnet and Dartmouth that likely generate FOG in quantities that satisfy the imported
waste volumes estimated for feedstocks 2A, 2B, and 3. FOG disposal is costly to producers because
of pumping and hauling fees from contracted haulers. Providing a less costly disposal option for
producers could ensure long term delivery of FOG for anaerobic digestion. Accepting FOG for
digestion also provides secondary benefits by reducing the amount of FOG entering the Town’s
sewer collection system leading to reduced system maintenance and a reduction in blockages and
potential sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) from grease buildup.
Beverage and dairy waste were considered less reliable because of the longer hauling distances and
the potential for the producers to use the wastes beneficially through their own means. As an
example, some dairy waste producers are in the process of implementing upgrades to existing
anaerobic digestion facilities that would allow use of excess waste as feedstock to produce methane
for use in new CHP systems onsite.
Food waste may also be considered a less reliable feedstock component because the current disposal
methods used by waste generators identified in the MA DEP Food Waste database are subject to the
vagaries of the local solid waste collection market. Without proper management at the source, food
waste has the potential to require added processing to screen-out debris (plates, glass, silverware,
etc.) that could affect the digestion process.
Pre-processing Requirements
The organic wastes considered in this study have different physical properties than typical
wastewater sludge and require some level of pretreatment before they can be fed to the digestion
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process. These differences include solids concentration, density, and viscosity. Some imported
waste may also contain debris in the form of glass, metals, or other large inorganic materials that
could clog or damage downstream equipment. This debris must be removed through screening or
other methods and the feedstock must be blended to ensure that a homogenous feedstock is
consistently fed to the digestion process.
Digester Feedstock 1 represents the alternative with the least amount of pre-treatment because it
consists of sludge from the WWTP and does not contain any external waste. The existing thickened
waste well could be enlarged to add capacity and converted to a feedstock holding and mixing tank
upstream of a new digestion process.
Receiving FOG at the WWTP requires additional liquid storage capacity to feedstock holding and
blending as well as heating to keep grease from congealing to tank walls and within pipes and
equipment. The digester feedstock must be preheated to at least 100°F for mesophilic digestion and
this heating step would prevent FOG from congealing if placed directly into the feedstock storage
tank upon receipt. However, because of potentially inconsistent delivery times and differences in
concentration in consideration of Digester Feedstock 2A, it may be best to receive and store FOG
in a separate tank with the ability to decant excess water from the bottom of the tank and control
the blending of FOG with other wastes including wastewater sludge. A separate FOG tank would
need a mixing system and a heat source to maintain the FOG at 100°F to keep from congealing, but
because of the small volume of FOG considered in Digester Feedstock 2A and 2B the tank would
be relatively small in comparison to the existing thickened waste and primary wells. A tracking
system could also be added to document the source and the time and volume of delivered waste.
A separate holding and mixing tank would be needed for receiving multiple organic wastes at the
WWTP, such as dairy and cranberry beverage wastes. This is due to the waste delivery schedule and
the need to remove potential debris in milk and beverage waste like plastic bottles and caps.
Feedstock 2B would require a small heated tank for holding received FOG and a larger tank for
accepting and holding dairy and cranberry beverage waste.
Food waste would require the greatest amount of pre-processing. As previously mentioned,
packaged pre-processing systems have been developed for the digestion of food waste such as
BTA’s “hydro-pulping” system. The high solids concentration (approximately 25% TS) and large
size of food waste material requires these pre-processing systems aside from any holding tanks
needed for FOG and other received wastes. Digester Feedstock 3 represents the highest level of
pre-processing out of all alternatives.
Feedstock Evaluation Summary
Table 17 shows the results of the non-cost evaluation for digester feedstock alternatives based on a
rating scale of:
Poor (P): -1 point
Satisfactory (S): 1 point
Exceptional (E): 2 points
These ratings represent the overall feasibility of using a specific feedstock in a new anaerobic
digestion process at the WWTP.
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Table 17: Summary of Results for the Non-Cost Evaluation of Digester Feedstock Alternatives.
Nitrogen Overall
Feedstock Yield Reliability Pre-processing
Load Rating
Digester Feedstock 1 -1 (P) 1 (S) 2 (E) 1 (S) 3
Digester Feedstock 2A 1 (S) 1 (S) 1 (S) 1 (S) 4
Digester Feedstock 2B 2 (E) 1 (S) -1 (P) 1 (S) 3
Digester Feedstock 3 2 (E) -1 (P) 1 (S) -1 (P) -1
The non-cost evaluation of digester feedstock alternatives showed that Digester Feedstock 2A was
the highest-rated and should be considered first for anaerobic digestion. Digester Feedstocks 1 and
2B were also rated highly and will be evaluated further with alternative 2A in a life cycle cost
analysis.
Digester Feedstock 3 was rated the lowest and will not be evaluated further in this study. The low
rating was due to the high food waste content and the potential nitrogen load it could add to the
liquid stream of the WWTP, the uncertain reliability as a consistently high quality source without
source control measures, and the higher level of pre-processing required to blend food waste with
other components of the feedstock.
4.1.2 Anaerobic Digester Configuration
The digester configuration evaluation criteria were the following:
Solids reduction
Redundancy and Reliability
The alternatives for anaerobic digester configuration evaluated were:
Alternative 1: Single stage, mesophilic temperature (100°F)
Alternative 2: Two-stage, mesophilic temperature (100°F)
Alternative 3: Single-stage, thermophilic temperature (135°F)
Alternative 4: Two-stage, thermophilic (135°F) and mesophilic temperature
Solids Reduction
Solids reduction is one of the greatest benefits provided to a WWTP from the anaerobic digestion
process, next to biogas and electric power production, due to the high sludge disposal costs
municipalities are faced with.
As discussed in previous sections, increasing volatile solids reduction (VSR) increases the amount of
volatile solids destroyed during digestion and reduces the overall amount of digested material
produced. This has a direct impact on required storage volume, the size and operation time
required for thickening and dewatering equipment, and most importantly the disposal volume and
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costs. In the previous section, it was shown that increasing VSR through the digestion configuration
was accompanied with higher heat loads and lower net energy yield. Table 18 shows the impact of
digester configuration on overall solids reduction based on a mass balance performed for each
feedstock alternative. The mass balance is included with other calculations for this study in
Appendix E.
Table 18: Variations in Feedstock Volume Reduction for Digestion Alternatives.
Overall Reduction in Volume1 from Anaerobic Digestion, percent
Digester Digester Digester Digester
Average
Configuration Feedstock 1 Feedstock 2A Feedstock 2B
Alternative 1
12 29 36 26
(1-stage,100°F)
Alternative 2
18 34 41 31
(1-stage,135°F)
Alternative 3
12 29 36 26
(2-stage, 100°F)
Alternative 4
31 37 44 37
(2-stage, TPAD)
Notes:
1. Volume reduction was based on the initial volume of liquid digester feedstock and the volume of liquid
digested, unthickened sludge in gallons.
Alternative 4 provided the highest potential for overall volume reduction through anaerobic
digestion. This alternative is a two-stage system operating at thermophilic (stage 1) and mesophilic
(stage 2) temperatures, also known as “temperature-phased anaerobic digestion” or TPAD. The
TPAD configuration represents one of the most complex configurations for anaerobic digestion.
The effect of adding an additional stage is clear between the average reduction for Alternatives 1 and
2 and between Alternatives 3 and 4, respectively.
Digestion Alternatives 1 and 3 provided the same volume reduction because it was assumed that
they would provide equal VSR. Estimates for biogas production were also equal for Alternatives 1
and 3, as shown previously in Table 18. The single difference between Alternative 1 and 3 was
operating temperature. Recall that increasing operating temperature from mesophilic to
thermophilic only reduces the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and required tank volume, and was
not assumed to have an effect on VSR in this study.
The impact of feedstock composition is shown again in Table 18. As mentioned, the addition of
FOG significantly increases the overall VSR of wastewater sludge because of enhanced biological
activity. Adding organic wastes with high VS content and degradability such as dairy waste also
contribute to the overall reduction in volume. Similar to findings for biogas production, Digester
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Feedstock 2B was shown to provide the highest overall reduction in volume. Digester Feedstock 1
paired with configuration Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 showed the least overall volume reduction.
Redundancy and Reliability
One of the most important design aspects for any new process at a WWTP is reliability. The
Fairhaven WWTP has no existing digester infrastructure. Process upsets and downtime can and will
occur at facilities with an experienced staff and a robust digestion process. Issues causing digester
upset and downtime can include:
Reductions in or loss of biological activity due to toxicity, temperature fluctuations, or nutrient
deficiency
Auxiliary system failure: biogas collection and treatment, mixing, heating, etc.
Tank maintenance: interior cleaning to remove solids buildup (2-3 yr frequency)
Evaluating ways to increase the reliability of the anaerobic digestion process and reduce the amount
of downtime are of significant value to this study, especially with respect to the current issues with
solids inventory at the WWTP. Faster reaction rates occur with thermophilic digestion and the
process can satisfy pathogen destruction at lower HRTs, which also lowers the required tank
volume. Mesophilic digestion is generally a more stable than thermophilic because of the lower
temperature and the bacteria population that thrives at mesophilic temperatures is generally
considered to be more resilient to process variations.
Redundancy in digester tank volume would allow WWTP staff to continue operation of the
digestion process at reduced performance to help reduce the impacts of an inoperable digester.
Two-stage configurations offer digester process redundancy that single stage configurations cannot
and also reduce the potential for pathogen short-circuiting through digester tanks during feeding and
discharge sequences.
Digester configuration Alternative 2 offers the most reliability of all configurations and also
provided the redundancy of a two-stage system with equal tank volumes. Configuration 4 offers
partial redundancy with a two-stage system and include two tanks of unequal volume (1
thermophilic, 1 mesophilic).
Digester Configuration Evaluation Summary
Table 19 shows the results of the non-cost evaluation of digester configuration alternatives based on
a rating scale of:
Poor (P): -1 point
Satisfactory (S): 1 point
Exceptional (E): 2 points
These ratings represent the overall feasibility of using a specific configuration in a new anaerobic
digestion process at the WWTP.
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Table 19: Summary of Results for the Non-Cost Evaluation of Digester
Configuration Alternatives.
Digester Solids Overall
Reliability Redundancy
Configuration Reduction Rating
Alternative 1
1 (S) 1 (S) -1 (P) 1
(1-stage,100°F)
Alternative 2
1 (S) 2 (E) 2 (E) 5
(1-stage,135°F)
Alternative 3
1 (S) -1 (P) -1 (P) -1
(2-stage, 100°F)
Alternative 4
(2-stage, 2 (E) 1 (S) 1 (S) 4
TPAD)
The non-cost evaluation of digester configuration alternatives showed that Alternative 2 is the
highest-rated and should be considered first for anaerobic digestion. Alternative 4 is also rated
highly. Alternative 1 received an undistinguished rating, but presented the simplest configuration
for anaerobic digestion that may provide a starting point for the WWTP if the Town proceeds with
implementation of the process. Alternatives 1, 2, and 4 were evaluated further in a life cycle cost
analysis.
Digester configuration Alternative 3 (single stage, thermophilic) was rated the lowest and will not be
evaluated further in this study. The low rating was due to the low reliability and the lack of
redundancy.
4.1.3 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System
The CHP system evaluation criteria were the following:
Biogas treatment
Performance: Electric power output, recoverable heat, and emissions
Track record
The alternatives for the integrated CHP systems evaluated were:
Microturbines
Stirling cycle engines
Lean burn internal combustion (IC) engines
The electric power generation technologies listed were selected for evaluation because they offer
equipment that have operated successfully using biogas and similar fuel (landfill gas) and also
provide capacities that are applicable to the low biogas fuel flows shown for this study.
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Biogas Treatment
The level of biogas conditioning and treatment needed to efficiently and safely use biogas as a fuel
for power generation depends on the type of power generation equipment. A higher level is needed
for microturbines compared to Stirling cycle and IC engines because of requirements for higher gas
pressure (approximately 80 psig) and low siloxane concentrations (<5 ppb). These conditioning and
treatment steps add capital and O&M costs and a level of complexity to the use of a microturbine
when compared to the Stirling cycle and IC engine. Figure 18 shows a flow diagram and layout for a
typical biogas conditioning and treatment system provided by the manufacturer for a 65 kW
Capstone Microturbine. The complexity also increases the chances of individual treatment
component and system downtime and lowers the overall reliability of using microturbines. A
Stirling cycle engine might be able to better handle variations in biogas quality than a microturbine
or IC engine system because of its external combustion mechanism.
Figure 18: Flow Diagram and Layout for a Typical Biogas Fuel Delivery System for a 65 kW
Capstone Microturbine.
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Performance
In this study, performance is indicated by the net electric power generation of the integrated CHP
system, the amount of recoverable heat, and the compatibility or match between the available power
from biogas fuel and the power output capacity of each equipment unit. Net electric power
generation refers to the available electric power generation from biogas fuel after energy use for
biogas treatment is subtracted. Typically in CHP applications, the full capacity output of the electric
power generator is matched to the biogas fuel production as best as possible. Ideally, little biogas is
left unutilized because excess biogas fuel must be flared or wasted. When the biogas fuel production
is lower than the full capacity of the electric power equipment, is common to supplement the biogas
with natural gas diluted with air to match the low heating value of approximately 600 Btu per cubic
foot. This requires an air blending system that can be expensive (up to $300,000 for all units), and
matching the equipment capacity with the biogas production is preferred.
Some equipment can also be run with a biogas fuel flow lower than full capacity. This is known as
turndown, and IC engines can operate under turndown with small reductions in efficiency of 1 to 2
percent. Microturbines have relatively poor turndown and are often turned on or off when biogas
fuel production reaches the capacity of an additional unit or drops below the capacity of a single
unit. Since microturbines operate at extremely high shaft speeds (30,000 to 65,000 revolutions per
minute), constant starting and stopping can significantly reduce service life.
Performance can be also affected by environmental conditions. Microturbines are sensitive to
ambient air temperature and can experience increased performance when the ambient air is cool and
more dense. But when the ambient air temperature rises above 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees
Celsius) efficiency and power output will drop off. Microturbines.
Table 20 summarizes the overall performance of the electric power generation technologies
considered.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Table 20: Summary of Performance Indicators for Power Generation Equipment.
Digester Feedstock 1 2A 2B
Available Biogas Fuel Energy1, Btu/hr 605,557 936,179 1,591,094
Maximum
Biogas Energy
Electric Available
2 Fuel Use for
Power Efficiency , Capacity Net Electric Power Generation
Energy Biogas
Generation percent per unit, from Biogas2 Fuel Energy, kW
use per Treatment,
Technology kW
unit, kW (HP)
BTU/hr
Microturbines 26 853,250 65 11 (15) 34 59 109
Stirling Cycle
28 524,139 43 4 (5) 44 72 125
engine
642,447 64
IC engine 34 1,104,206 110 8 (10) 51 84 149
1,505,735 150
Notes:
1. Available biogas fuel energy is averaged across digester configuration alternatives 1 to 4.
2. The efficiency ratings and capacities shown are based on manufacturer’s data at the standard ISO rating
point (59°F) and Brown and Caldwell project experience. Actual output may differ for installed
equipment.
By comparison, the IC engine shows the highest net electric power output because of its higher
efficiency. The Stirling cycle engine outperforms the microturbine in net electric power generation
because of its slightly higher efficiency and its much lower power needs for biogas treatment.
For the majority of digestion alternatives in this study, the Stirling cycle engine will also provide
more recoverable heat than microturbines because more units are necessary for the biogas quantities
calculated than for microturbines. The required number of equipment units for each electric power
generation technology and the amount of recovered heat they can provide at full capacity is shown
in Table 21. Additional Stirling cycle engines would provide more heat recovery than a microturbine
for the same amount of available biogas fuel. The IC engine provides the greatest variety in
available capacities for low biogas fuel flow applications and, therefore, only a single unit is needed
for the biogas fuel flows determined for each digestion alternative.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Table 21: Number of Power Generation Equipment Units that Could be Fueled for Each Digestion
Alternative.
Equipment Power Output Capacity (Number of Units Required)
Digester Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 4
Configuration (1-stage, 100°F) (2-stage, 135°F) (2-stage, TPAD)
Digester
1 2A 2B 1 2A 2B 1 2A 2B
Feedstock
Number of Equipment Units
Microturbines 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
Stirling Cycle
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
engine
IC Engine1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Maximum Required Digester Heat Load, BTU/hr
195,270 341,019 423,737 235,959 377,864 480,264 314,141 459,754 606,773
Maximum Recoverable Heat from CHP System, Btu/hr
Microturbines 260,000 260,000 520,000 260,000 260,000 520,000 260,000 260,000 520,000
Stirling Cycle
240,000 480,000 720,000 240,000 480,000 720,000 240,000 480,000 720,000
engine
IC Engine1 348,228 348,228 348,228 501,858 501,858 501,858 798,876 798,876 798,876
Lower emissions provide value in the form of lower environmental impact and carbon footprint.
Microturbines and Stirling engines have the potential for extremely low emissions compared to
typical emissions from lean burn IC engine technologies. However, no economic value is gained
from low emissions as long as each technology complies with the local air permitting requirements.
All of the electric power generation technologies evaluated in this study meet the MA DEP
emissions requirements. A summary of the exhaust emissions for each electric power generation
technology is shown in Table 22.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Table 22: Summary of Typical Emissions from Microturbines and Stirling Engines1.
VOC,
NOx, lb/MWhr2 CO, lb/MWhr2 CO2, lb/MWhr2
lb/MWhr2
(ppmv) (ppmv) (ppmv)
(ppmv)
Electric Power Technology Emissions
Microturbine 1 45 -- --
Stirling cycle
1 6 1,774 <1
engine
IC Engine <3,500 <4,000 -- --
Notes:
1. The emissions shown are based on manufacturer’s data. Actual emissions may differ for installed
equipment.
2. Conversion from volumetric emission rate (ppmv at 15% O2) to output based rate (lbs/MWh) for both
NOx and CO based on conversion multipliers provided by Capstone Turbine Corporation and corrected
for differences in efficiency.
Track Record
Operating experience is an important criterion for new equipment technology but also for mature
equipment that is new to a WWTP and staff. Overall, IC engines have by far the most operating
installations with positive track records using biogas or similar fuel such as landfill gas. Out of the
two major manufacturers who supply lean burn IC engines in the small electric power output
capacity range of this study, MAN and Deutz, the Deutz engines have more of operation time and
installations in the US but less of a range in available capacities. Both MAN and Deutz have
positive track records for their European installations.
Stirling Biopower currently has one existing installation of a 55 kW Stirling engine at the City of
Corvallis’ WWTP in Corvallis, Oregon using biogas from an anaerobic digestion process.
According to Stirling Biopower, their new power unit, called the “FlexGen” series, has over 250,000
test hours in lab and field environments via two global test fleets of approximately 30 units that were
sent to operate on a variety of gaseous fuels, largely methane from wastewater treatment plants and
landfills. Reference and contact information for the existing FlexGen installation as well as a
testimonial by Stirling Biopower on the reliability and operational experience of their new Stirling
cycle engines is shown in Appendix F.
Capstone is the original manufacturer of the microturbine. Capstone claims it has over 20 million
operating hours overall using biogas, landfill gas, natural gas and other fuels. A full installation list
of Capstone’s existing microturbines in operation is shown in Appendix F. Brown and Caldwell has
design experience with microturbines and through client contact have discovered that in some cases
service life can be limited to two years. Several microturbine manufacturers have also failed in
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
recent years or have stopped manufacturing microturbines with low power output. Recently,
Ingersoll Rand decided to halt production of microturbines in the 75 kW and maintain production
of only their 250 kW capacity models due to market restrictions, according to the manufacturer’s
representatives.
Overall, microturbines demonstrated an advantage over the Stirling cycle engine in regards to
operational experience and the number of existing and operating installations using biogas fuel.
However, the potential instability of the microturbine manufacturing market and known examples
of low service life lessens the advantage of the microturbine’s experience over the Stirling cycle
engine in regards to overall track record. Although there have been many microturbine installations
within the last five to ten years, experience suggests that many of these installations are not
operating successfully or, in some cases, have failed. Although it has only one existing installation,
the currently operating Stirling Biopower FlexGen unit has a positive track record with the Corvallis
WWTP and the manufacturer has been showing consistent improvements to the design of the unit
over the last few years.
CHP Evaluation Summary
Table 23 shows the results of the non-cost evaluation of CHP alternatives based on a rating scale of:
Poor (P): -1 point
Satisfactory (S): 1 point
Exceptional (E): 2 points
These ratings represent the overall feasibility of using a specific and integrated CHP system in
conjunction with a new anaerobic digestion facility at the WWTP.
Table 23: Summary of Results for the Non-Cost Evaluation of CHP Alternatives.
Net
CHP System Biogas Electrical Recoverable Track Overall
Emissions
Alternatives Treatment Output from Heat Output Record Rating
Biogas
Capstone
-1 (P) 1 (S) 1 (S) 1 (S) -1 (P) 2
Microturbine, 65 kW
Stirling BioPower
2 (E) 1 (S) 1 (S) 1 (S) -1 (P) 4
FlexGen, 43 kW
MAN Lean burn IC
1 (S) 2 (E) 2 (E) 1 (S) 2 (E) 8
engine, 64 to 150 kW
The non-cost evaluation of digester configuration alternatives showed that a CHP system integrated
with an IC engine would provide the highest-rated CHP alternative. However, an integrated Stirling
cycle engine system rated decently as well. Microturbines were rated the lowest of all electric power
technologies and will not be evaluated further in a life cycle cost analysis. CHP systems including
the IC engine and Stirling cycle engine will be evaluated further in a life cycle cost analysis.
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The non-cost evaluation of digester configuration alternatives showed that a CHP system integrated
with an IC engine would provide the highest-rated CHP alternative. However, an integrated Stirling
cycle engine system rated decently as well. Microturbines were rated the lowest of all electric power
technologies and will not be evaluated further in a life cycle cost analysis. CHP systems including
the IC engine and Stirling cycle engine will be evaluated further in a life cycle cost analysis.
4.2 Economic Evaluation
The alternatives that met non-cost criteria were evaluated further through a life cycle cost analysis.
In review, the alternatives that met non-cost criteria included:
Digester feedstock
• Digester Feedstock 1: WWTP sludge
• Digester Feedstock 2A: WWTP sludge and FOG,
• Digester Feedstock 2B: WWTP sludge, FOG, beverage and dairy wastes
Digester configuration
• Alternative 1: Single-stage, mesophilic temperature (100°F)
• Alternative 2: Two-stage, mesophilic temperature (100°F)
• Alternative 4: Two-stage, thermophilic (135°F) and mesophilic temperature
CHP System
• Stirling engines
• Small capacity lean burn IC engines
Information provided by manufacturers in design proposals and through personal communication in
addition to Brown and Caldwell experience was used to perform the life cycle cost analysis (LCA).
4.2.1 Capital Costs Summary
Capital costs were developed for each alternative from manufacturer’s information and Brown and
Caldwell project experience. Table 24 shows a summary of the capital costs used for the LCA.
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Table 24: Summary of Capital Costs1 for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives.
Digester Feedstock Feedstock 1 Feedstock 2A Feedstock 2B
Digester Configuration,
Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4
$
Anaerobic Digestion
Receiving station1 0 0 0 29,900 29,900 29,900 29,900 29,900 29,900
New thickener 260,000 260,000 260,000 520,000 520,000 520,000 520,000 520,000 520,000
Thick. sludge storage 3 75,400 75,400 75,400 93,600 93,600 93,600 128,700 128,700 128,700
Digester tanks3 397,800 650,650 586,300 439,400 661,050 593,775 707,850 1,151,150 1,036,750
Digester mixing 45,630 91,260 91,260 45,630 91,260 91,260 45,630 91,260 91,260
Heat exchangers 22,100 22,100 22,100 24,700 24,700 24,700 31,200 31,200 31,200
Digested sludge storage2 58,500 58,500 58,500 91,000 91,000 91,000 58,500 58,500 58,500
Biogas storage 533,000 1,066,000 1,066,000 533,000 1,066,000 1,066,000 533,000 1,066,000 1,066,000
Subtotal, $ 1,392,430 2,223,910 2,159,560 1,777,230 2,577,510 2,510,235 2,054,780 3,076,710 2,962,310
CHP System4
Stirling cycle engine
system 897,000 669,728 669,728 1,222,000 1,222,000 1,222,000 1,592,500 1,592,500 1,592,500
IC Engine system 1,040,910 813,638 813,638 1,247,870 1,247,870 1,247,870 1,480,323 1,480,323 1,480,323
Total Capital Costs, $
w/Stirling cycle engine 2,289,430 2,893,638 2,829,288 2,999,230 3,799,510 3,732,235 3,647,280 4,669,210 4,554,810
w /IC engine 2,433,340 3,037,548 2,973,198 3,025,100 3,825,380 3,758,105 3,535,103 4,557,033 4,442,633
Notes:
1. A 30% safety factor was applied to all capital costs to account for potential cost increases due to inflation, manufacturer’s estimates, and installation costs
unforeseen at this level of study.
2. A receiving station was included for digester feedstock alternatives involving tanks or a developed facility for the acceptance of wastes from sources outside
of the WWTP.
3. All storage and digester tanks were assumed to be insulated bolted steel tanks with costs in dollars per gallon calculated from budget pricing provided by
manufacturers including Aquastore and Columbian Tec Tank. Foundations, gas piping, and gas safety (including flares) is not included.
4. Includes the cost for a biogas treatment system, biogas flare, and new steel building with a concrete floor. Electrical interconnection and paralleling costs are
not included.
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Differences between capital costs are driven by digester feedstock flow and the total volume of
digester tanks required. Using digester feedstock 1 with configuration alternative 1, single-stage
mesophilic anaerobic digestion, is shown to have the lowest total capital cost alternative because it
uses the lowest volume feedstock and requires the least amount of digester tanks and electric power
generation units. The combination of digester feedstock 2B in a two-stage mesophilic digestion
configuration (alternative 2) represents the highest total capital costs because it includes the highest
feedstock volume, highest overall digester tank volume, and several electric power generation units.
The additional capital costs for using a two-tank system is evident when comparing total capital
costs for digester configuration alternative 1 with alternatives 2 and 4. This difference is over
$500,000 for all feedstock scenarios. Also, the cost of a receiving station is not included for
Feedstock 1 since no external sources for digester feedstock are accepted for this alternative.
4.2.2 Operations and Maintenance Costs Summary
O&M costs were developed for each alternative from manufacturer’s information and Brown and
Caldwell project experience. Table 25 shows a summary of the annual O&M costs used for the
LCA.
Table 25: Summary of Annual O&M Costs for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives.
Digester Feedstock Feedstock 1 Feedstock 2A Feedstock 2B
Digester Configuration Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4
Annual Maintenance Costs, $/year
Anaerobic Digestion
Receiving station1 0 0 0 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500
Thickening 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Tank and pump O&M 6,800 9,100 8,200 8,450 11,300 10,150 12,100 16,100 14,500
Net Digester heating costs2
w/Stirling engines 0 2,017 3,669 0 0 5 0 0 0
w/IC engine 0 0 1,508 0 0 0 0 0 0
Anaerobic Digestion
Subtotal
w/Stirling engines 9300 13617 14369 13450 16300 15155 17100 21100 19500
w/IC engine 9300 11600 12208 13450 16300 15150 17100 21100 19500
CHP System
Stirling engine and biogas
treatment 28,283 28,611 29,268 30,468 30,796 30,993 34,392 34,836 35,102
IC engine and biogas
treatment 39,196 39,616 40,455 41,989 42,409 42,660 47,005 47,572 47,913
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Digester Feedstock Feedstock 1 Feedstock 2A Feedstock 2B
Digester Configuration Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4
New Facility Subtotal with Safety Factor Included3
w/Stirling engines 48,858 54,897 56,728 57,093 61,225 59,993 66,939 72,717 70,983
w/IC engine 63,045 66,581 68,462 72,071 76,321 75,154 83,336 89,274 87,636
Sludge disposal4 47,056 43,718 37,042 47,047 43,709 41,706 60,667 56,152 53,443
Net Annual Electricity Costs5
w/Stirling engines 173,693 188,045 177,538 153,148 160,965 157,813 90,366 96,331 92,068
w/IC engine 164,046 176,936 163,507 133,776 140,132 136,103 53,528 57,517 52,069
Net Total O&M Costs, $/year
w/Stirling engine 269,607 286,660 271,308 257,288 265,899 259,512 217,972 225,200 216,494
w/IC engine 227,091 243,517 231,969 205,847 216,453 211,257 136,864 146,791 139,705
Notes:
1. A receiving station was included for digester feedstock alternatives involving tanks or a developed facility
for the acceptance of wastes from sources outside of the WWTP.
2. Net digester heating costs were calculated using the net heating requirements in Btu/hr for cold days
when influent wastewater was expected to be less than 59°F (15°C) and were calculated as the heat load
required minus the recovered heat from the CHP system. Net heating was assumed to be provided by a
natural gas-fueled boiler. It was estimated that heat load would be required 130 days per year for 20
hours per day at $8.00 per million Btu.
3. A 30% safety factor was applied to all maintenance costs to account for potential cost increases due to
inflation, labor, and operational costs unforeseen at this level of study. Costs included all labor,
maintenance, and chemical costs associated with equipment and/or process operation.
4. Sludge disposal costs included a 30% safety factor and were based on the conditions of the WWTP’s
existing contract with Synagro which includes a hauling fee of $0.02 per gallon and a tipping fee at the
incinerator facility of $320 per dry ton.
5. The net annual electricity costs were calculated based on the annual average electricity cost at the WWTP
of $0.16/kWhr and included the annual power requirements of a new facility including the annual
average power use of the existing WWTP from 2006 to 2008 minus the net electric power production for
each alternative.
The annual O&M costs are similar between digester feedstock alternatives. The effect of adding an
additional digester tank is shown when comparing the O&M costs for digester configuration
alternative 1, which is a single-stage system, with alternatives 2 and 4, which are two-stage systems.
The additional tank increases the costs associated with mixing power needs and heat loss. A
significant reduction in sludge disposal costs is shown for all alternatives.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
4.2.3 Potential Annual Electricity and Sludge Disposal Cost Savings
The potential savings from electricity production and sludge volume reduction gained from the
digestion and CHP alternatives was not evident in the O&M costs shown in Table 25. The new
electricity and sludge disposal costs from the existing WWTP and for the WWTP with a new
anaerobic digestion and CHP facility are shown in Table 26. The new annual electricity costs are
lower than the electricity costs for the existing WWTP for every alternative. The new electricity costs
include the total power needs for the new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility, the existing annual
average power use from the existing WWTP, plus the reduction in electric power purchase due to
the electrical power produced from the CHP system using biogas.
Table 26: Summary of the Sludge Disposal and Electricity Costs for the Existing Fairhaven WWTP and a
New WWTP with an Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Facility.
Existing Annual Costs at WWTP
Average annual utility linepower costs (2006 to 2007),
190,552
$/year
Average annual sludge disposal costs (2004 to 2007),
243,518
$/year
Digester
Feedstock 1 Feedstock 2A Feedstock 2B
Feedstock
Digester
Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4
Configuration
New WWTP Annual Electricity Costs1, $/year (according to CHP Alternative used)
Stirling cycle
engines 173,693 188,045 177,538 153,148 160,965 157,813 90,366 96,331 92,068
IC Engines 164,046 176,936 163,507 133,776 140,132 136,103 53,528 57,517 52,069
New Annual Sludge Disposal2 Costs, $/year
Sludge Disposal,
$/yr 47,056 43,718 37,042 47,047 43,709 41,706 60,667 56,152 53,443
Notes:
1. New electricity costs were based on the annual average electricity cost for the Town of Fairhaven from
2006 to 2008 of $0.16/kWhr and included electric power offsets from a CHP system.
2. It was assumed the existing sludge disposal method would be continued until new options for sludge
disposal were evaluated by the Town. Sludge disposal costs included a 30% safety factor and were based
on the conditions of the WWTP’s existing contract with Synagro which includes a hauling fee of $0.02
per gallon and a tipping fee at the incinerator facility of $320 per dry ton.
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The potential electrical power cost offset and annual sludge disposal savings from a new facility were
calculated for each alternative based on the historical costs for electricity use and sludge disposal at
the WWTP. These are shown in Table 27.
Currently, the WWTP routinely stores secondary sludge in their secondary clarifiers because they
lack sufficient sludge storage facilities and contracted sludge disposal can routinely be limited or
unavailable. The WWTP also provides excess aeration in their secondary process and is likely
nitrifying ammonia in raw wastewater to nitrate and nitrite. By storing settled biological solids in the
secondary clarifiers because the WWTP lacks sludge storage structures with sufficient capacity, the
microorganisms within the settled, stored solids can and will use up dissolved oxygen and any
remaining carbon sources or BOD. When the remaining carbon sources or BOD is consumed, the
microorganisms will start to consume cell material to stay alive and the rate of decay will proceed
faster than the growth rate. This process is called endogenous respiration and results in a decrease
in microbial cell mass and overall sludge volume.
Although the endogenous respiration phenomenon causes a reduction in overall mass, it is at the
expense of excess or extended aeration. This requires aeration and blower electric power use
beyond what is needed to meet existing NPDES permit limits for BOD and adds unnecessary
operational costs. A new anaerobic digestion facility would eliminate the need for storing sludge in
the secondary clarifiers by allowing staff to remove sludge from the secondary clarifiers on a regular
schedule. Therefore, a new anaerobic digestion facility would eliminate the need for approximately
half of the aeration currently supplied to the secondary process and reduce the operations cost
associated with running a single 100 horsepower (HP) positive displacement blower for the aeration
system. The calculated electric power cost offset associated with taking a single 100-HP blower off-
line is included in the potential annual savings shown in Table 27.
Table 27: Summary of Potential Annual Savings for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives.
Digester Feedstock Feedstock 1 Feedstock 2A Feedstock 2B
Digester
Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4
Configuration
Potential Annual Electricity Cost Offset, $/year
From biogas-fueled CHP System1
Stirling cycle engines 16,860 2,508 13,014 37,404 29,588 32,739 100,187 94,221 98,484
IC Engines 26,507 13,616 27,045 56,776 50,421 54,449 137,024 133,035 138,484
From 100HP Blower off-line2
104,559 104,559 104,559 104,559 104,559 104,559 104,559 104,559 104,559
Potential Annual Sludge Disposal Cost Savings3, $/year
196,462 199,800 206,476 196,471 199,809 201,812 182,851 187,366 190,075
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Notes:
1. Electrical cost offset was calculated as the new annual electricity costs for the WWTP with a new
anaerobic digestion and CHP facility subtracted from the annual average electricity costs for the existing
WWTP. New electricity costs were based on the annual average electricity cost for the Town of
Fairhaven from 2006 to 2008 of $0.16/kWhr.
2. Assumes a single 100-HP positive displacement running 24-hours per day for 365 days per year is taken
off-line.
3. For cost calculations, it was assumed the existing sludge disposal method would be continued until new
options for sludge disposal are determined by the Town. Sludge disposal costs were based on the
conditions of the WWTP’s existing contract with Synagro which includes a hauling fee of $0.02 per
gallon and a tipping fee at the incinerator facility of $320 per dry ton.
The electrical cost offset is significantly greater for digester feedstock 2B because of the amount of
additional biogas that the highly degradable material in the feedstock generates during anaerobic
digestion. IC engines are shown to offer more of an electrical cost offset than the Stirling cycle
engine because of their higher efficiency.
The annual sludge disposal savings were similar for all digestion feedstock and configuration
alternatives. The TPAD configuration (alternative 4) provides the greatest amount of sludge
volume reduction and yields the highest disposal savings.
The electricity cost offset from taking a single 100-HP blower off-line is the same for every
alternative.
4.2.4 Opportunities for Renewable Energy Funding and Incentives
At the time of this study, many sources of private, state, and federal support was available for
alternative energy projects that included “biomass” or biogas as a renewable fuel source from an
anaerobic digestion and CHP system. These programs offer support through grants, loans,
paybacks, tax incentives, and also in the form of expedited permitting. For example, the MTC funds
design and construction projects for renewable energy projects, in addition to funding feasibility
studies.
Through existing relationships with state energy policy makers, research, and internal knowledge at
Brown and Caldwell, several support programs were identified that could be applied to the design,
construction, and operation of a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility at the WWTP. These
programs are summarized in Table 28.
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Table 28: Summary of Applicable Renewable Energy Funding and Incentive Opportunities for a New Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Facility.
Name of Program Type Source Description
Design & construction of qualifying renewable energy systems greater
Large Onsite Renewables Initiative MA State MA DOER/MTC - than 10 kW; capped at the lesser of $125,000 or 75% of actual cost, and
(LORI) Grant RET construction grants capped at the lesser of $275,000 or 75% of actual
costs
Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) - MA State MA DOER/MTC - Payment for metered renewable energy generation facilities at an
Alternative Compliance Payments Payback RET adjusted rate; 2008 APC $0.058/kWh
Federal funding for climate technology research, development,
Climate Change Technology Program Federal U.S. Dept. of Energy demonstration, and deployment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
(CCTP) Grant (DOE) while increasing economic growth. Up to $3 billion available, actual
amount unknown.
$800 million in new CREB generally for the public sector for financing
Federal renewable energy projects per the Clean Energy Improvement and
U.S. Dept. of Energy
Clean Renewable Energy Bonds Loan Extension Act of 2008. Available October 3, 2008 through December
(DOE)
Program 31, 2009 for anaerobic digestion, PV solar, solar hot water, wind power,
and other projects.
$800 million in 0% interest bonds for qualified energy conservation
Federal bonds for local government agencies per the Clean Energy
U.S. Dept. of Energy
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds Loan Improvement and Extension Act of 2008. Authorized October 3, 2008
(DOE)
Program for anaerobic digestion, PV solar, solar hot water, wind power, and
other projects.
MA State
MA Dept. of Renewable-energy CHP systems up to 60 kW eligible for net metering,
Incentive
MA Net Metering Standards Telecommunications and net excess generation (NEG) purchased at the utility's average
/utility
and Energy (DTE) monthly market price of generation
bill credit
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Potential funding for new municipal infrastructure and renewable energy projects from the recently
proposed Economic Stimulus Package should be monitored as well for application to a new
anaerobic digestion and CHP project for the Town. The Stimulus package proposed by President-
elect Barack Obama includes up to $500 billion and reportedly targets projects that 1) help local
government meet mandates, 2) create jobs, and 3)can be undertaken over the next few years. The
Town’s district congressman, Representative Barney Frank, will play a key role in the
implementation of any stimulus package funding and the Town should meet with him regarding the
recommendations of this study and other proposed municipal projects.
The MTC LORI program should be solicited for design and construction grants if the Town plans
moves forward with the recommendations of this study. These grants would help lessen the initial
project cost impact on the Town from a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility.
The RPS Alternative Compliance Payment (ACP) program is the longest running incentive program
for renewable energy facilities. A facility that meets the criteria established for the RPS program
receives payback for all power produced through a metered renewable energy generation system
regardless of whether the power is used at the site or put back on the grid. The APC rate is adjusted
annually according to the consumer product index (CPI) from the previous year and has increased
17 percent since 2003. Table 29 shows the APC rates established for the RPS program since 2002
and lists the new anaerobic digester facilities currently participating in the RPS APC program.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Table 29: RPS APC Program Rates and Participating Anaerobic Digestion
Facilities.
Year CPI from Previous ACP Rate, $/kWWh
Year1
2002 188.2 NA
2003 193.5 $0.050
2004 200.2 $0.05141
2005 207.5 $0.05319
2006 215.0 $0.05513
2007 220.512 $0.05712
2008 NA $0.05858
Existing Facilities in Massachusetts in the RPS APC Program
Renewable Energy Nameplate Capacity
Plant - Unit
Fuel/Tech kW
Deer Island Treatment
Anaerobic Digester 18000
Plant - STG
Blue Spruce Farm Anaerobic Digester 274
Berkshire Cow Power,
Anaerobic Digester 600
LLC (Richford, VT)
Green Mountain Dairy
Farm, LLC (Sheldon, Anaerobic Digester 330
VT)
Notes:
1. For this purpose, the DOER is using the “Consumer Price Index - All Urban Consumers, Northeast
Region All Items, Not Seasonally Adjusted.” Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, on-line via
http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?cu. Note that the annual CPI is presented there to the third
decimal place for 2007, compared with only one in previous years.
The annual payback for the operation of a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility from the RPS
APC program was estimated for the power output calculated for the remaining alternatives. These
paybacks are shown in Table 30 and will be included in the overall LCA for the alternatives.
Overall, Digester Feedstock 2B provides the most payback for power production through the RPS
program.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Table 30: Potential Revenue from MA DOER RPS Program.
2008 RPS payback rate, $/kWhr 0.058
Feedstock
Digester Feedstock 1 Digester Feedstock 2A Digester Feedstock 2B
Alternative
Digester
Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4
Configuration
Potential Annual Revenue from RPS Rebate for Onsite Electricity Production, $/year
w/Stirling cycle
engines 19,233 21,156 25,002 32,031 33,954 35,108 55,017 57,618 59,179
w/IC engines 24,583 27,041 31,958 40,942 43,400 44,875 70,322 73,647 75,642
4.2.5 Potential Tipping Fee revenue from Imported Waste
The most unpredictable source of cost savings is by far the potential revenue from imported waste
received at the WWTP for anaerobic digestion. The wastes evaluated in this study included locally-
generated fats, oil, and grease (FOG), dairy waste, and cranberry beverage production waste.
Tipping fees were estimated for these waste sources based on limited information in published
literature and are presented in this study for planning purposes only. These tipping fees are in no
way guaranteed and must be negotiated with waste generators if and when contracts for waste
acceptance at the WWTP are developed. Table 31 shows an example of the potential tipping fee
revenue that could be generated from imported waste to the WWTP for anaerobic digestion.
Table 31: Estimated Revenue from Tipping Fees for Imported Waste Received at
the WWTP for Anaerobic Digestion.
Estimated Imported
Waste source Estimated Tipping
Volume, gallons/day
Fee1, $/gallon
Digester feedstock DF 1 DF 2A DF2B
FOG 0 1,000 600 0.10
Dairy Waste 0 0 2,000 0.02
Cranberry beverage production
waste 0 0 1,199 0.02
Estimated Annual Revenue from Imported Waste Tipping Fees, $/year
Digester feedstock 1 0
Digester feedstock 2A 36,500
Digester feedstock 2B 45,253
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Notes:
1. Estimates for tipping fees for imported waste and potential annual revenue from receipt of these
wastes at the Fairhaven WWTP are based on limited published data in literature and are for
planning purposes only. This study does not in any way guarantee these estimates.
Low tipping fees were assumed for dairy waste and cranberry beverage production waste because
there is much lower confidence in the ability to import these wastes in general and at a high fee in
comparison with FOG. The company providing information on dairy waste indicated they might
have anaerobic digestion and CHP capacity for this waste at their processing facility in the near
future. Therefore, little confidence could be given for a high tipping fee revenue from imported
dairy waste. The company providing information for cranberry beverage production waste indicated
that no onsite waste disposal or re-use facilities exist and that this waste is hauled off-site for
contracted composting. The company indicated they are interested in evaluating alternatives to
contracted composting, and therefore the same, low tipping fee was also assigned to cranberry
beverage production waste.
In terms of FOG, frying process waste (from a fryolator) is considered a commodity in the biofuels
market for the production of biodiesel. This may significantly impact the availability and cost of
FOG waste in the future. Grease trap waste may provide a more reliable, less costly supply that can
be acquired easier than frying waste. The Town currently mandates the pumping-out of grease traps
and these FOG sources could be easily collected by the Town or an independent hauler and
imported to the WWTP.
Digester feedstock 1 provides no potential revenue from tipping fees because it consists solely of
sludge generated at the Fairhaven WWTP and does not include any imported waste. Imported
wastes have the potential to generate significant revenue for the Town, as shown by the revenue
estimated for digester feedstock 2A and 2B which conceptually consist of different volumes of FOG
and dairy and cranberry beverage production waste.
4.2.6 Life Cycle Costs
The life cycle cost analysis (LCA) was performed using the capital and annual O&M costs presented
in subsequent sections in the equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) formula (Lindeburh, 1992).
These included costs for purchasing capital equipment and the annual electricity use and labor costs
associated with each alternative. The results of the LCA were used to compare and evaluate the
remaining alternatives for a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility at the WWTP. The EUAC
for each alternative was calculated using the following parameters:
EUAC = Capital Cost (A/P, i, n) + Annual Operation Costs
Where:
A: Annual Amount
P: Present Worth
A/P: Discounting factor (dimensionless)
i: interest rate (percent,%)
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
n: life of asset (years)
The life of the overall anaerobic digestion and CHP system was defined as 20 years. The following
parameters were defined for the LCA (Lindeburgh, 1992):
n: 20 years
i: 7%
A/P: 0.0.0944
The EUAC represents the total annual cost for constructing and operating a new anaerobic
digestion and CHP facility over a 20-year period with a 7 percent interest rate. The EUAC includes
current electricity use costs.
Table 32 shows the EUAC for each alternative without the potential annual savings included. These
savings are used in this study to determine the payback for a new anaerobic digestion and CHP
facility.
Table 32: Summary of Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives.
Digester Feedstock Digester Feedstock 1 Digester Feedstock 2A Digester Feedstock 2B
Digester
Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4
Configuration
EUAC1, $/year
w/Stirling cycle
engines 485,729 559,819 538,393 540,416 624,572 611,835 562,275 665,973 646,469
w/IC engines 503,855 573,980 549,681 538,463 621,278 607,728 531,245 633,127 612,533
Notes:
1. A 30% safety factor was applied to all capital and maintenance costs to account for potential cost
increases due to inflation, manufacturer’s estimates, installation costs, labor, and operational costs
unforeseen at this level of study. Life cycle costs do not include the potential cost savings identified for a
new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility.
2. Cost savings included savings that a new anaerobic digestion and CHP process would provide to the
existing WWTP from electrical offsets, sludge disposal, RPS paybacks, MTC design and construction
funding, and potential revenue from tipping fees for imported wastes.
The EUAC represents the total annual life cycle cost of constructing and operating a new anaerobic
digestion and CHP facility over a period. These life cycle costs are shown graphically in Figure 19.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
700,000
600,000
500,000
Life Cycle Costs, $/yr (EUAC)
400,000
300,000 Stirling cycle engine, Feedstock 1
IC engine, Feedstock 1
Stirling cycle engine, Feedstock 2A
IC engine, Feedstock 2A
200,000 Stirling cycle engine, Feedstock 2B
IC engine, Feedstock 2B
100,000
0
Alt 1, Single-stage meso Alt 2, Two-stage Meso Alt 4, Two-stage TPAD
Digester Configuration
Figure 19: Annual Life Cycle Costs (EUAC) with Potential Savings Included for Anaerobic Digestion
and CHP Alternatives.
Overall, the annual life cycle costs (EUAC) were similar between feedstock and digester
configurations and varied at most by approximately $160,000. Digester feedstock seemed to affect
life cycle costs greatest. This is due to the increase in feedstock volume and, thus, digester volume
from feedstock 1 to 2B.Life cycle costs also vary significantly between feedstock alternatives and
CHP systems. The lowest life cycle costs are shown for digester alternative 1 using a single-stage
mesophilic digester configuration with a feedstock consisting of WWTP sludge and FOG and a
CHP system with Stirling cycle engines.
Digester configurations 2 and 4 showed the highest life cycle costs, likely because of the high capital
and operational costs associated with a two-tank system.
4.2.7 Payback Period
Although life cycle costs give an indication of the annual costs for construction and operation of a
new facility, these costs represent a worst-case scenario and do not include the significant cost
savings calculated for each alternative. The most significant indication of value for each alternative is
provided by the potential payback period.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Determination of the payback period for alternatives accounted for all the potential savings
identified in this study including savings from electric power generation from a biogas-fueled CHP
system and offsets from the reduction of imported electricity, reduction in annual sludge disposal
costs, reduction in electric power consumption from taking a single blower offline, MTC design and
construction funding, RPS payback, and potential tipping fee revenue.
Payback was calculated using the following parameters:
Capital Borrowing (Bond) Rate: 2.00%
Term of Loan: 20 years
Annual O&M Cost Inflation Rate: 5.00%
The cumulative budget impacts for alternatives using feedstock 1 are shown in Figure 20. The
budget impact for all alternatives using feedstock 1 is shown as negative beyond the 20-year loan
term and remains negative past the 30-year calculation period. Alternatives using Stirling cycle
engine CHP systems are shown in blue and those with IC engine CHP systems are shown in green.
This indicates that a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility at the WWTP using a feedstock
consisting of only WWTP sludge would not pay for itself or generate revenue after 30-years of
operation.
Years
$0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Cumulative Budget Impact from New Facility, $ per Year
0)
00
0,
50
2,
($
0)
00
0,
00
5,
($
0)
00
0,
50
7,
($
)
Alternative 1, Stirling Cycle
00
,0
Alternative 1, IC Engine
00
,0
10
Alternative 2, Stirling Cycle
($
Alternative 2, IC Engine
Alternative 4, Stirling Cycle
)
00
,0
Alternative 4, IC Engine
00
,5
12
($
)
00
,0
00
,0
15
($
Figure 20: Cumulative Budget Impact of Implementing Alternatives Using Feedstock 1.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
The cumulative budget impacts for alternatives using feedstock 2A are shown in Figure 21.
Alternatives using Stirling cycle engine CHP systems are shown in blue and those with IC engine
CHP systems are shown in green. The budget impacts from all alternatives using feedstock 2A is
shown as negative beyond the 20-year loan term, and remain negative past the 30-year calculation
period with one exception. Using feedstock 2A with a single-stage mesophilic digester configuration
and a CHP system with IC engines is the only alternative that indicates a payback and revenue after
29 years.
Figure 21 indicates that all alternatives for a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility at the WWTP
using a feedstock consisting of WWTP sludge and imported FOG would not pay for itself or
generate revenue through savings within the 20-year loan term.
Years
00
,0
00
,0
$2
29-year payback realized for
Cumulative Budget Impact from New Facility, $ per Year
1-stage meso (Alt. 1), IC
i
$0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
0)
00
0,
00
2,
($
)
00
,0
00
Alternative 1, Stirling Cycle
,0
4
($
Alternative 1, IC Engine
Alternative 2, Stirling Cycle
Alternative 2, IC Engine
0)
Alternative 4, Stirling Cycle
00
0,
Alternative 4, IC Engine
00
6,
($
0)
00
0,
00
8,
($
Figure 21: Cumulative Budget Impact of Implementing Alternatives Using Feedstock 2A.
The cumulative budget impacts for alternatives using feedstock 2B are shown in Figure 22. The
budget impact is shown as positive within the 20-year loan term from all alternatives using a
feedstock combination of WWTP sludge, FOG, dairy waste, and cranberry beverage production
waste with one exception (2-stage mesophilic, Stirling cycle CHP system). Figure 22 indicates that
alternatives using a CHP system with IC engines could provide a payback period and revenue within
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
13 years; alternatives using Stirling cycle engines would not pay for themselves or generate revenue
through savings within a 20-year loan term.
Figure 22 indicates that alternatives using feedstock 2B could provide the shortest payback period
with the earliest and highest revenue generation for a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility. The
shortest payback period of 6-years is shown using feedstock 2B with a single-stage mesophilic
digester (Alternative 1) and an IC engine CHP system.
Years
0
0
,0
00
Alternative 1, Stirling Cycle
,0
$6
Alternative 1, IC Engine
0
Cumulative Budget Impact from New Facility, $ per Year
00
Alternative 2, Stirling Cycle
0,
0
,0
Alternative 2, IC Engine
$5
Alternative 4, Stirling Cycle
0
00
0,
Alternative 4, IC Engine
0
,0
$4
IC Engines
00
,0
00
,0
$3
Payback Payback
0
00
li d li d
0,
0
,0
$2
00
,0
00
,0
$1
$0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
0)
00
0,
00
1,
($
Stirling Cycle
0)
00
engines
0,
00
2,
($
0)
00
0,
00
3,
($
0)
00
0,
00
4,
($
Figure 22: Cumulative Budget Impact of Implementing Alternatives Using Feedstock 2B.
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4: Evaluation of Alternatives Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Table 33 provides a summary of the payback periods in years calculated for each alternative.
Table 33: Summary of Payback Periods for Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Alternatives.
Digester
Feedstock 1 Feedstock 2A Feedstock 2B
Feedstock
Digester
Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4 Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 4
Configuration
Payback Period, years
Stirling cycle
+30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 25 +30 28
engines
IC engine +30 +30 +30 29 +30 +30 6 13 10
Overall, a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility using feedstock 2B with IC engines provides the
shortest payback period.
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Evaluation Results
5.1.1 Non-Economic Evaluation
The results of the non-cost evaluation show that using a digester feedstock with FOG included
(feedstock 2A) would provide slightly better benefits than feedstocks 1 and 2B. The non-cost
evaluation also shows that a two-stage digestion configuration would be significantly more beneficial
than a single stage process. Finally, a CHP system using lean burn internal combustion engines is
rated as the most beneficial system for the amount of biogas production estimated for the anaerobic
digestion alternatives.
Overall, the non-cost evaluation shows that the most beneficial alternative for the Fairhaven WWTP
is:
Digester feedstock including WWTP sludge + FOG (Feedstock 2A)
Two-stage mesophilic anaerobic digester process (Alternative 2)
CHP system with lean burn IC engines
5.1.2 Economic Evaluation
The economic evaluation, with focus on payback period, shows that the alternative with the shortest
payback period (6-years) is:
Digester feedstock including WWTP sludge + FOG + dairy waste + cranberry beverage waste
(Feedstock 2B)
Single-stage mesophilic anaerobic digester process (Alternative 1)
CHP system with lean burn IC engines
Table 33 shows that a new facility using feedstock 2B with a 2-stage mesophilic anaerobic digester
configuration (Alternative 2) and a CHP system with IC engines also provides a reasonable payback
period of 13-years.
5.2 Implementation Plan
A phased-approach to the implementation of a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility is
recommended for the Fairhaven WWTP. Although the recommended alternative using feedstock
2A with a two-stage anaerobic digester configuration and a CHP system with IC engines is
consistent with the non-economic evaluation, the payback period for this alternative is beyond 30-
years. Therefore, it is recommended that the new facility be designed and constructed with the
capacity for feedstock 2B, but initially operated using feedstock 2A components for a period of two-
three years. The volumes of FOG recommended initially for feedstock 2A coincide with published
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5: Recommendations Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
values for the maximum FOG load that can be added to a municipal sludge anaerobic digester
without upset to the process, which are typically less than 30-percent of the overall volatiles olids
load.
This two-year period will allow WWTP staff to become familiar with the operation of a new
anaerobic digestion and CHP facility. By the third year of operation, the WWTP can begin to
phase-in the additional feedstock components associated with feedstock 2B into the process. These
wastes include dairy waste and cranberry beverage production waste that will enhance the benefits of
the new facility by adding potential tipping fee revenue, increasing electricity cost offsets and RPS
payback through increased biogas fuel production and use in the CHP system, and other benefits.
The addition of additional feedstock components is calculated to increase the payback period for a
new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility from over 30-years to approximately 13 years. The change
in annual budget and payback from this phased approach is shown by Figure 23.
$10,000,000
Feedstock 2A with phase-in of feedstock 2B
Cumulative Budget Impact from New Facility, $ per year
$8,000,000 components
Feedstock 2A only (2-stage mesophilic, IC
Engines)
$6,000,000
$4,000,000
2-years into operation: Dairy and
cranberry beverage waste
introduced to digesters with Payback realized after 13 years
$2,000,000 feedstock 2A
Savings or
earned revenue
$0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
20-year loan term ends
($2,000,000)
($4,000,000)
($6,000,000)
Years
Figure 23: Cumulative Budget Impact and Payback for a Phased-Implementation of Digester
Feedstocks at a New Anaerobic Digesyion and CHP Facility.
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5: Recommendations Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
5.2.1 Description of Recommended Alternatives
Although a single-stage anaerobic digestion process showed the lowest life cycle costs, a two-stage
digestion process is recommended. A single stage system lacks redundancy and the risk of
downtime associated with a single tank process is too high for a new facility. It is recommended
that a two-stage, mesophilic anaerobic digestion process be developed for the Fairhaven WWTP as
described by digester alternative 2 in this study.
The non-cost and economical benefits of including additional organic wastes in the digester
feedstock were shown through enhanced biogas production and digested sludge volume reduction.
These imported wastes might also provide a significant revenue source to the Town through tipping
fees. It is recommended that the WWTP develop a steady-state digestion process using sludge
generated at the WWTP and also seek contractual agreements with local producers of FOG for use
in the feedstock once a steady state anaerobic digestion is developed.
Thus, feedstock 2A is recommended for the startup of a new facility with the design capacity to
handle the volumes associated with feedstock 2B. This requires the volume of all receiving,
anaerobic digester tanks, and digested sludge storage tanks to include capacity to accommodate the
imported waste and digester feed flow associated with feedstock 2B. This would allow the WWTP
to add waste streams to the feedstock to enhance biogas production gradually as legitimate and long-
term sources of degradable organic wastes are identified or acquired through contractual agreements.
A CHP system using IC engines was shown to be the most beneficial power and heat generation
system. However, it is recommended that Stirling cycle engines also be considered during any future
design of a new anaerobic digestion facility. The manufacturer of the Stirling BioPower FlexGen
unit has shown recent improvements to the Stirling cycle engine and may provide a suitable
alternative to IC engines if efficiency improves or additional funding and incentives become
available for Stirling cycle engines or similar new technologies.
Table 34 shows the recommended alternatives for a new anaerobic digestion and CHP facility for
the Fairhaven WWTP.
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5: Recommendations Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Table 34: Summary of the Recommendations for a New Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Facility.
Digester Feedstock: Feedstock 2A
Imported
Flow to digester Biogas fuel energy
Components Volume, gal/day
process, gal/day production, Btu/hr
(trucks/week)
WWTP sludge 0 6,967 675,908
FOG 1,000 (1) 1,667 248,694
Total, feedstock 2A 1,000 (1) 8,634 924,602
Feedstock Components to be phased-in: feedstock 2B
Feedstock 2A 1,000 (1) 8,634 924,602
Dairy Waste 2,000 (4) 2,000 512,070
Cranberry beverage
1,199 (2) 238,242
production waste 6,582
Total, phased-in feedstock
3,199 (7) 17,216 1,674,914
2B
Anaerobic Digester Configuration: Alternative 2
Operating Hydraulic Residence Digester Tank
Description
temperature, °F Time, days Volume, gallons
Two-stage mesophilic 20 (total) 322,000 (total)
First stage 95 to 105°F 10 161,000
Second stage 95 to 105°F 10 161,000
Combined Heat and Power System
Net Electric
Electric Power Generation
Recovered Heat, Power
Technology: Lean Burn IC Capacity, kW (# of units)
Btu/hr generation,
engine
kWhr/yr
Installed with initial
110 (1) 501,858 337,016
feedstock
Installed after phased-in
64 (1), 110 (1) 850,086 853,356
feedstock
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5: Recommendations Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Table 35 shows the capital, operations and maintenance, potential savings, life cycle costs, and
payback period associated with the recommended alternatives.
Table 35: Summary of the Economics Associated with the
Recommended Alternatives for a New Anaerobic
Digestion and CHP Facility.
Initial Capital Costs1, $ Value
Anaerobic digestion 3,076,700
CHP system 1,480,300
Total 4,557,000
Initial Operation and Maintenance Costs2,
$/year
Anaerobic digestion & CHP system 76,300
Sludge Disposal3 43,700
Net WWTP Electricity Use4 140,100
Total O&M Costs, $/year 260,100
Savings, $/year
Electrical Cost Offset 50,400
Sludge Disposal 199,800
RPS payback 43,400
Potential Tipping Fee Revenue 36,500
Total Savings, $/ year 330,100
Initial Life Cycle Costs3, $/year
Estimated Uniform Annual Costs (EUAC) 671,500
Initial payback period with feedstock 2A,
+30
years
Payback with phased feedstock
13
implementation, years
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5: Recommendations Anaerobic Digestion and CHP Feasibility Study
Notes:
1. A 30% safety factor was applied to all capital costs to account for potential cost increases due to inflation,
manufacturer’s estimates, and installation costs unforeseen at this level of study.
2. A 30% safety factor was applied to all maintenance costs to account for potential cost increases due to
inflation, labor, and operational costs unforeseen at this level of study. Costs included all labor,
maintenance, and chemical costs associated with equipment and/or process operation.
3. Sludge disposal costs included a 30% safety factor and were based on the conditions of the WWTP’s
existing contract with Synagro which includes a hauling fee of $0.02 per gallon and a tipping fee at the
incinerator facility of $320 per dry ton.
4. The net annual electricity costs were calculated based on the annual average electricity cost at the WWTP
of $0.16/kWhr and included the annual power requirements of a new facility including the annual
average power use of the existing WWTP from 2006 to 2008 minus the net electric power production for
each alternative.
5. Development of life cycle costs using via EUAC is described in Section 4.2.6 and used an
interest rate of 7% and a 20-year life of asset assumption.
5-6
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
6. LIMITATIONS
Report Limitations
This document was prepared solely for the Town of Fairhaven, Massachusetts in accordance with
professional standards at the time the services were performed and in accordance with the contract
between the Town of Fairhaven and Brown and Caldwell. This document is governed by the
specific scope of work authorized by the Town of Fairhaven; it is not intended to be relied upon by
any other party except for regulatory authorities contemplated by the scope of work. We have relied
on information or instructions provided by the Town of Fairhaven and other parties and, unless
otherwise expressly indicated, have made no independent investigation as to the validity,
completeness, or accuracy of such information.
6-1
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APPENDIX A: FAIRHAVEN WWTP NPDES PERMIT
A
.
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NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 1 of 12
AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of the Federal Clean Water Act as amended, (33 U.S.C.
§§1251 et seq.; the "CWA"), and the Massachusetts Clean Waters Act, as amended, (M.G.L.
Chap. 21, §§26-53),
Town of Fairhaven
Arsene Street, Fairhaven, MA 02719
is authorized to discharge from the facility located at
Fairhaven Wastewater Treatment Plant
Arsene Street
Fairhaven, MA 02719
to receiving water named
Acushnet River ( New Bedford Inner Harbor; Buzzards Bay Watershed; State Code 95)
in accordance with effluent limitations, monitoring requirements and other conditions set forth
herein.
This permit shall become effective 60 days after signature.
This permit and the authorization to discharge expire at midnight, two (2) years from the
effective date.
This permit supersedes the permit issued on September 28, 1989 and modified on March 30,
1990.
This permit consists of 12 pages in Part I including effluent limitations, monitoring requirements,
Attachment A, Marine Chronic Toxicity Test; Attachment B, Sludge Guidance; and 35 pages in
Part II including General Conditions and Definitions.
Signed this 3rd day of April, 2003
/SIGNATURE ON FILE/
_________________________ __________________________
Director Director
Office of Ecosystem Protection Department of Watershed Management
Environmental Protection Agency Department of Environmental Protection
Boston, MA Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Boston, MA
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 2 of 12
PART I
A. EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
1. During the period beginning the effective date and lasting through expiration, the permittee is authorized to discharge treated
effluent from outfall serial number 001. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below.
Effluent Characteristic Units Discharge Limitation Monitoring Requirement
Average Average Maximum Measurement Sample Type
Monthly Weekly Daily Frequency
Flow mgd 5.0 2 ---- Report Continuous Recorder
BOD5 4 mg/l 30 45 Report 1/Week 24-Hour Composite5
lbs/day 1252 1878 ------
TSS 4,12 mg/l 30 45 Report 1/Week 24-Hour Composite5
lbs/day 1252 1878 -------
Settleable Solids 1 ml/l 0.1 ---- 0.3 1/Day 24-Hour Composite5
pH 12 (See Condition I.A.1.b. on Page 6) 1/Day Grab
Fecal Coliform Bacteria 1,6,12 cfu/100 ml 88 ---- 260 1/Week Grab
Total Residual Chlorine1,7 ug/l 61.5 ---- 107 3/Day Grab
Total Nitrogen mg/l Report ---- Report 1/Week4 24-Hour Composite5
( Total of TKN + Nitrite + Nitrate) lbs/day Report ---- Report
8,9,11
LC50 % ---- ---- 100 2/year 24-Hour Composite5
Chronic NOEC 8,10,11 % ---- ---- >12.2 2/year 24-Hour Composite5
Sampling location: Effluent sampling for total residual chlorine and fecal coliform shall be performed at the man-hole location near the
end of the outfall pipe. All other effluent sampling shall be conducted at the distribution box after chlorination. Upon completion of
the ultra-violet disinfection system, all effluent sampling shall be conducted at the outlet of the ultra-violet disinfection system.
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 3 of 12
Footnotes:
1. Required for State Certification.
2. For flow, report maximum and minimum daily rates and total flow for each operating
date. This is an annual average limit, which shall be reported as a rolling average. The
first value will be calculated using the monthly average flow for the first full month
ending after the effective date of the permit and the eleven previous monthly average
flows. Each subsequent month’s DMR will report the annual average flow for the
previous 12 months.
3 All required effluent samples shall be collected at the point specified in permit. Any
change in sampling location must be reviewed and approved in writing by EPA and
MADEP. All samples shall be tested using the analytical methods found in 40 CFR §136,
or alternative methods approved by EPA in accordance with the procedures in 40 CFR
§136. All samples shall be 24 hour composites unless specified as a grab sample in 40
CFR §136.
4. Sampling required for influent and effluent.
5. A 24-hour composite sample will consist of at least twenty four (24) grab samples taken
over a 24 hour period.
6. Fecal coliform monitoring will be conducted year round. This is also a State certification
requirement. This monitoring shall be conducted concurrently with the TRC sampling
described below. The monthly average limit is expressed as a geometric mean.
7. The minimum level (ML) for total residual chlorine is defined as 50 ug/l. This value is the
minimum level for chlorine using EPA approved methods found in the most currently
approved version of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,
Method 4500 CL-E and G, or United States Environmental Protection Agency Manual of
Methods of Analysis of Water and Wastes, Method 330.5. One of these methods must be
used to determine total residual chlorine. Sample results of 50 ug/l or less shall be
reported as zero on the discharge monitoring report.
The permittee is required to complete construction and begin operation of an ultraviolet
ray (UV) disinfection system by April 1, 2004. The new limits for TRC will not be
effective until April 1, 2004. During the interim period (from the effective date of the
permit until April 1, 2004) the previous permit maximum daily limit of of 0.29 mg/l will
be in effect. However, between October 15, 2003 and April 1, 2004, during the
construction of the UV disinfection system, the permittee will not be required to disinfect
its discharge. The permittee shall notify the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries,
EPA, and MADEP at least two weeks prior to terminating chlorination, and upon
completion of the UV disinfection system. Upon termination of chlorination, the
monitoring requirements for TRC shall end, if not used.
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 4 of 12
8. The permittee shall conduct chronic (and modified acute) toxicity tests two times per
year. The chronic test may be used to calculate the acute LC 50 at the 48 hour exposure
interval. The permittee shall test the Inland silverside and Sea urchin. Toxicity test
samples shall be collected during the second week of the months of March, and
September . The test results shall be submitted by the last day of the month following the
completion of the test. The results are due April 30th and October 31st respectively. The
tests must be performed in accordance with test procedures and protocols specified in
Attachment A of this permit.
Test Submit Test Species Acute Limit Chronic Limit
Dates Results LC50 C-NOEC
Second By:
week in
March April 30th Inland silversde $ 100% $ 12.2%
and and and
September October 31st Sea urchin
See Attachment A
After submitting four consecutive sets of WET test results, all of which demonstrate
compliance with the WET permit limits, the permittee may request a reduction in the
frequency of required WET testing. The permittee is required to continue testing at the
frequency specified in the permit until notice is received by certified mail from the EPA
that the WET testing requirement has been changed.
9. The LC50 is the concentration of effluent which causes mortality to 50% of the test
organisms. Therefore, a 100% limit means that a sample of 100% effluent (no dilution)
shall cause no more than a 50% mortality rate.
10. C-NOEC (chronic-no observed effect concentration) is defined as the highest
concentration of toxicant or effluent to which organisms are exposed in a life cycle or
partial life cycle test which causes no adverse effect on growth, survival, or reproduction
at a specific time of observation as determined from hypothesis testing where the test
results exhibit a linear dose-response relationship. However, where the test results do not
exhibit a linear dose-response relationship, the permittee must report the lowest
concentration where there is no observable effect. The "12.2% or greater" limit is defined
as a sample which is composed of 12.2% (or greater) effluent, the remainder being
dilution water. This is a maximum daily limit derived as a percentage of the inverse of the
dilution factor of 8.2.
11. If toxicity test(s) using receiving water as diluent show the receiving water to be toxic or
unreliable, the permittee shall follow procedures outlined in Attachment A Section IV.,
DILUTION WATER in order to obtain permission to use an alternate dilution water. In
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 5 of 12
lieu of individual approvals for alternate dilution water required in Attachment A, EPA-
New England has developed a Self-Implementing Alternative Dilution Water Guidance
document (called “Guidance Document”) which may be used to obtain automatic
approval of an alternate dilution water, including the appropriate species for use with that
water. If this Guidance document is revoked, the permittee shall revert to obtaining
approval as outlined in Attachment A. The “Guidance Document” has been sent to all
permittees with their annual set of DMRs and Revised Updated Instructions for
Completing EPA’s Pre-Printed NPDES Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Form 3320-
1 and is not intended as a direct attachment to this permit. Any modification or
revocation to this “Guidance Document” will be transmitted to the permittee as part of the
annual DMR instruction package. However, at any time, the permittee may choose to
contact EPA-New England directly using the approach outlined in Attachment A
12. During the use and emptying of the flow equalization units, the following samples shall
be collected after the flow equalization pumps :
TSS and pH — TSS shall be a manual composite on the basis of a minimum of 3
grab samples during a regular working day; pH shall be a grab sample.
During the use and emptying of the flow equalization units [when using either
chlorination and/or ultra violet ray disinfection] , a representative fecal coliform sample
of the effluent shall be collected at the distribution box after disinfection.
Part I.A.1. (Continued)
a. The discharge shall not cause a violation of the water quality standards of the
receiving waters.
b. The pH of the effluent shall not be less than 6.5 nor greater than 8.5 at any time,
unless these values are exceeded as a result of an approved treatment process.
c. The discharge shall not cause objectionable discoloration of the receiving waters.
d. The effluent shall contain neither a visible oil sheen, foam, nor floating solids at
any time.
e. The permittee's treatment facility shall maintain a minimum of 85 percent removal
of both total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand. The percent
removal shall be based on monthly average values.
f. When the effluent discharged for a period of 90 consecutive days exceeds 80
percent of the designed flow, the permittee shall submit to the permitting
authorities a projection of loadings up to the time when the design capacity of the
treatment facility will be reached, and a program for maintaining satisfactory
treatment levels consistent with approved water quality management plans.
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 6 of 12
g. The permittee shall minimize the use of chlorine while maintaining adequate
bacterial control.
h. The results of sampling for any parameter above its required frequency must also
be reported.
2. All POTWs must provide adequate notice to the Director of the following:
a. Any new introduction of pollutants into that POTW from an indirect discharger in
a primary industry category discharging process water; and
b. Any substantial change in the volume or character of pollutants being introduced
into that POTW by a source introducing pollutants into the POTW at the time of
issuance of the permit.
c. For purposes of this paragraph, adequate notice shall include information on:
(1) the quantity and quality of effluent introduced into the POTW; and
(2) any anticipated impact of the change on the quantity or quality of effluent to
be discharged from the POTW.
3. Prohibitions Concerning Interference and Pass Through:
a. Pollutants introduced into POTW's by a non-domestic source (user) shall not pass
through the POTW or interfere with the operation or performance of the works.
b. If, within 30 days after notice of an interference or pass through violation has been
sent by EPA to the POTW, and to persons or groups who have requested such
notice, the POTW fails to commence appropriate enforcement action to correct
the violation, EPA may take appropriate enforcement action.
4. Toxics Control
a. The permittee shall not discharge any pollutant or combination of pollutants in
toxic amounts.
b. Any toxic components of the effluent shall not result in any demonstrable harm to
aquatic life or violate any state or federal water quality standard which has been or
may be promulgated. Upon promulgation of any such standard, this permit may
be revised or amended in accordance with such standards.
5. Numerical Effluent Limitations for Toxicants
EPA or DEP may use the results of the toxicity tests and chemical analyses conducted
pursuant to this permit, as well as national water quality criteria developed pursuant to
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 7 of 12
Section 304(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act (CWA), state water quality criteria, and any
other appropriate information or data, to develop numerical effluent limitations for any
pollutants, including but not limited to those pollutants listed in Appendix D of 40 CFR
Part 122.
B. PRETREATMENT
1. Limitations for Industrial Users:
a. Pollutants introduced into POTW's by a non-domestic source (user) shall not pass
through the POTW or interfere with the operation or performance of the works.
2. Industrial Pretreatment Program
Within 120 days of the effective date of the permit, the permittee shall submit the
results of an industrial user survey including identification of industrial users and the
character and volume of pollutants contributed to the Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTW) by the industrial users. The industrial user survey shall as a minimum include
the following :
(i) Industries discharging wastes which are or may be in the future
subject to local limitations or the national prohibited discharge
standards found in 40 CFR Part 403.5; and
(ii) Industries discharging wastewater from processes in one or more
primary industry categories ( See Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 122
or Appendix C of 40 CFR Part 403 ).
C. UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGES
The permittee is authorized to discharge only in accordance with the terms and conditions of this
permit and only from outfalls listed in Part I A.1. of this permit. Discharges of wastewater from
any other point sources, including sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) are not authorized by this
permit and shall be reported in accordance with Section D.1.e. (1) of the General Requirements of
this permit (Twenty-four hour reporting).
D. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE SEWER SYSTEM
Operation and maintenance of the sewer system shall be in compliance with the General
Requirements of Part II and the following terms and conditions:
1. Maintenance Staff
The permittee shall provide an adequate staff to carry out the operation, maintenance,
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 8 of 12
repair, and testing functions required to ensure compliance with the terms and conditions
of this permit.
2. Preventative Maintenance Program
The permittee shall maintain an ongoing preventative maintenance program to prevent
overflows and bypasses caused by malfunctions or failures of the sewer system
infrastructure. The program shall include an inspection program designed to identify all
potential and actual unauthorized discharges.
3. Infiltration/Inflow Control Plan:
The permittee shall develop and implement a plan to control infiltration and inflow (I/I) to
the separate sewer system. The plan shall be submitted to EPA and MA DEP within six
months of the effective date of this permit (see page 1 of this permit for the effective date)
and shall describe the permittee’s program for preventing infiltration/inflow related
effluent limit violations, and all unauthorized discharges of wastewater, including
overflows and by-passes due to excessive infiltration/inflow.
The plan shall include:
• An ongoing program to identify and remove sources of infiltration and inflow.
The program shall include the necessary funding level and the source(s) of
funding.
• An inflow identification and control program that focuses on the disconnection
and redirection of illegal sump pumps and roof down spouts. Priority should be
given to removal of public and private inflow sources that are upstream from, and
potentially contribute to, known areas of sewer system backups and/or overflows.
• Identification and prioritization of areas that will provide increased aquifer
recharge as the result of reduction/elimination of infiltration and inflow to the
system.
• An educational public outreach program for all aspects of I/I control, particularly
private inflow.
Reporting Requirements:
A summary report of all actions taken to minimize I/I during the previous calendar year
shall be submitted to EPA and the MA DEP annually, by the anniversary date of the
effective date of this permit. The summary report shall, at a minimum, include:
• A map and a description of inspection and maintenance activities conducted and
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 9 of 12
corrective actions taken during the previous year.
• Expenditures for any infiltration/inflow related maintenance activities and
corrective actions taken during the previous year.
• A map with areas identified for I/I-related investigation/action in the coming year.
• A calculation of the annual average I/I, the maximum month I/I for the reporting
year.
• A report of any infiltration/inflow related corrective actions taken as a result of
unauthorized discharges reported pursuant to 314 CMR 3.19(20) and reported
pursuant to the Unauthorized Discharges section of this permit.
4. Alternate Power Source
In order to maintain compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit, the
permittee shall continue to provide an alternative power source with which to sufficiently
operate its treatment works (as defined at 40 CFR §122.2).
5. Nitrogen Removal Optimization Study
The permittee shall complete a Nitrogen Removal Optimization Study within 18 months
of the effective date of the permit. A scope of work for completing the study shall be
submitted to EPA and MADEP within 3 months of the effective date of the permit. The
study shall assess current and future wastewater flows and nitrogen loadings, identify
alternatives for controlling influent average and/or peak nitrogen loadings, evaluate the
nitrogen removal performance of the treatment facility, and determine operational criteria
for achieving the maximum practicable removal of nitrogen at the existing treatment
facility. Within one month, following EPA and DEP approval of the study, the
recommendations of the study shall be implemented, and the treatment plant operational
processes operated to optimize removal of nitrogen, consistent with the recommendations
of the study.
E. SLUDGE CONDITIONS
1. The permittee shall comply with all existing federal and state laws and regulations that
apply to sewage sludge use and disposal practices and with the CWA Section 405(d)
technical standards.
2. The permittee shall comply with the more stringent of either the state or federal (40 CFR
part 503), requirements.
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 10 of 12
3. The requirements and technical standards of 40 CFR part 503 apply to facilities which
perform one or more of the following use or disposal practices.
a. Land application - the use of sewage sludge to condition or fertilize the soil
b. Surface disposal - the placement of sewage sludge in a sludge only landfill
c. Sewage sludge incineration in a sludge only incinerator
4. The 40 CFR part 503 conditions do not apply to facilities which place sludge within a
municipal solid waste landfill. These conditions also do not apply to facilities which do
not dispose of sewage sludge during the life of the permit but rather treat the sludge
(lagoons- reed beds), or are otherwise excluded under 40 CFR 503.6.
5. The permittee shall use and comply with the attached (see Attachment B) compliance
guidance document to determine appropriate conditions. Appropriate conditions contain
the following elements.
• General requirements
• Pollutant limitations
• Operational Standards (pathogen reduction requirements and vector attraction
reduction requirements)
• Management practices
• Record keeping
• Monitoring
• Reporting
Depending upon the quality of material produced by a facility, all conditions may not
apply to the facility.
6. The permittee shall monitor the pollutant concentrations, pathogen reduction and vector
attraction reduction at the following frequency. This frequency is based upon the volume
of sewage sludge generated at the facility in dry metric tons per year
less than 290 1/ year
290 to less than1500 1 /quarter
1500 to less than 15000 6 /year
15000 + 1 /month
7. The permittee shall sample the sewage sludge using the procedures detailed in 40 CFR
503.8.
8. The permittee shall submit an annual report containing the information specified in the
guidance by February 19. Reports shall be submitted to the address contained in the
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 11 of 12
reporting section of the permit. Sludge monitoring is not required by the permittee when
the permittee is not responsible for the ultimate sludge disposal. The permittee must be
assured that any third party contractor is in compliance with appropriate regulatory
requirements. In such case, the permittee is required only to submit an annual report on
February 19 containing the following information:
C Name and address of contractor responsible for sludge disposal
C Quantity of sludge in dry metric tons removed from the facility by the sludge
contractor
F. MONITORING AND REPORTING
1. Reporting
Monitoring results obtained during each calendar month shall be summarized and
reported on Discharge Monitoring Report Form(s) postmarked no later than the 15th day
of the following month.
Signed and dated originals of these, and all other reports required herein, shall be
submitted to the Director and the State at the following addresses:
Environmental Protection Agency
Water Technical Unit (SEW)
P.O. Box 8127
Boston, Massachusetts 02114
The State Agency is:
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Resource Protection
Southeast Regional Office
20 Riverside Drive
Lakeville, MA 02347
Signed and dated Discharge Monitoring Report Forms and toxicity test reports required by this
permit shall also be submitted to the State at:
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Watershed Management
Surface Water Discharge Permit Program
627 Main Street, 2nd Floor
Worcester, Massachusetts 01608
NPDES Permit No. MA0100765 Page 12 of 12
G. STATE PERMIT CONDITIONS
This Discharge Permit is issued jointly by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) under Federal and State law,
respectively. As such, all the terms and conditions of this permit are hereby incorporated into
and constitute a discharge permit issued by the Commissioner of the MA DEP pursuant to
M.G.L. Chap.21, §43.
Each Agency shall have the independent right to enforce the terms and conditions of this Permit.
Any modification, suspension or revocation of this Permit shall be effective only with respect to
the Agency taking such action, and shall not affect the validity or status of this Permit as issued
by the other Agency, unless and until each Agency has concurred in writing with such
modification, suspension or revocation. In the event any portion of this Permit is declared,
invalid, illegal or otherwise issued in violation of State law such permit shall remain in full force
and effect under Federal law as an NPDES Permit issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. In the event this Permit is declared invalid, illegal or otherwise issued in violation of
Federal law, this Permit shall remain in full force and effect under State law as a Permit issued by
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
APPENDIX B: WWTP VS SAMPLING LAB RESULTS
B
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Groundwater Analytical, Inc.
P.O.Box 1200
228 Main Street
Buzzards Bay, MA 02532
Telephone: (508) 759-4441
FAX: (508) 759-4475
e-mail
To: Linda Lima From: e-mail reporting GWA
Fairhaven, Town of Pages: 13
e-mail: fairhavenwpcf@comcast.net Date: 06/27/2008 15:57:24
Re: 118102 CC:
Urgent For Review Please Comment Please Reply
Comments:
Final Project Report for Arsene St. WPCF, Lab ID 118102, Received 06-23-08
This document is intended only for the use of the person to whom it is
addressed. It may contain information that is privileged, confidential
and exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the
intended recipient, any dissemination, distribution, copying or use of this
document is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication
in error, please notify us by telephone at (508) 759-4441 to arrange for
the destruction or return of the original document to us.
Confidential
Groundwater Analytical, Inc.
P.O. Box 1200
228 Main Street
Buzzards Bay, MA 02532
Telephone (508) 759-4441
FAX (508) 759-4475
www.groundwateranalytical.com
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Page 7 of 12
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Groundwater Analytical, Inc.
P.O.Box 1200
228 Main Street
Buzzards Bay, MA 02532
Telephone: (508) 759-4441
FAX: (508) 759-4475
e-mail
To: Linda Lima From: e-mail reporting GWA
Fairhaven, Town of Pages: 13
e-mail: fairhavenwpcf@comcast.net Date: 06/26/2008 15:22:49
Re: 118040 CC:
Urgent For Review Please Comment Please Reply
Comments:
Final Project Report for Arsene St WPCF, Lab ID 118040, Received 06-19-08
This document is intended only for the use of the person to whom it is
addressed. It may contain information that is privileged, confidential
and exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the
intended recipient, any dissemination, distribution, copying or use of this
document is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication
in error, please notify us by telephone at (508) 759-4441 to arrange for
the destruction or return of the original document to us.
Confidential
Groundwater Analytical, Inc.
P.O. Box 1200
228 Main Street
Buzzards Bay, MA 02532
Telephone (508) 759-4441
FAX (508) 759-4475
www.groundwateranalytical.com
5 16 1007
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Groundwater Analytical, Inc.
P.O.Box 1200
228 Main Street
Buzzards Bay, MA 02532
Telephone: (508) 759-4441
FAX: (508) 759-4475
e-mail
To: Linda Lima From: e-mail reporting GWA
Fairhaven, Town of Pages: 13
e-mail: fairhavenwpcf@comcast.net Date: 06/27/2008 15:57:07
Re: 118071 CC:
Urgent For Review Please Comment Please Reply
Comments:
Final Project Report for Arsene Street, WPCF, Lab ID 118071, Received
06-20-08
This document is intended only for the use of the person to whom it is
addressed. It may contain information that is privileged, confidential
and exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the
intended recipient, any dissemination, distribution, copying or use of this
document is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication
in error, please notify us by telephone at (508) 759-4441 to arrange for
the destruction or return of the original document to us.
Confidential
Groundwater Analytical, Inc.
P.O. Box 1200
228 Main Street
Buzzards Bay, MA 02532
Telephone (508) 759-4441
FAX (508) 759-4475
www.groundwateranalytical.com
5 12 1006
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Page 12 of 12
APPENDIX C: MA DEP COMMERCIAL WASTE REDUCTION PROGRAM
INFORMATION
C
Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document.
P:\Fairhaven, Town of\135536_Fairhaven_AD_&_CHP\Final\Reports\Final Feasibility Study.doc
Identification, Characterization, and Mapping of Food Waste and
Food Waste Generators In Massachusetts
FINAL REPORT
September 19, 2002
Prepared for:
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Waste Prevention
1 Winter Street
Boston, MA 02108
Submitted by:
Draper/Lennon, Inc.
7 South State Street
Concord, NH 03301
603-229-1600 / fax 229-1960
email draperlennon@conknet.com
Table of Contents
Section Page
Executive Summary 1
Introduction 3
Number And Nature of Food Waste Generators in Massachusetts 4
Food Waste Generation Rates by Generator Category 5
Food Waste Composition 6
Statewide Food Waste Generation Estimates 7
Food Waste Database and Geographic Information System Capabilities 10
Database Update Plan 11
Conclusions 13
References
Appendices
A Detailed Information on Massachusetts Manufacturer/Processor, Wholesaler/Distributor, and
Restaurant Food Waste Generator Categories
B Detailed Description of GIS Mapping Capabilities and Protocols
C Food Waste Generator Database Field Names and GIS Metadata
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This study was undertaken with three goals:
1. To produce a comprehensive database of food waste generators in Massachusetts in the following
generator categories:
• Manufacturers/Processors
• Distributors/Wholesalers
• Hospitals
• Nursing Homes (and related facilities)
• Colleges and Universities
• Independent Preparatory Schools
• Correctional Facilities
• Resorts/Conference Facilities
• Supermarkets
• Restaurants
2. To produce an estimate of statewide generation of food wastes from identified generators in these
categories.
3. To provide a set of Geographic Information System (GIS) tools that will allow the state to use GIS
technology to map food waste generators by category, size, waste types, waste quantities, and other
variables, in order to facilitate development of composting or organics diversion infrastructure on a
statewide or local basis.
Omitting very small establishments in some generator categories, the study identified a total of 5,799 food
waste generators in Massachusetts, producing an estimated 880,000 tons per year of food waste (Table
ES-1). The state’s food manufacturing industry is the source of approximately 56% of this total, or nearly
500,000 tons/year, although this figure is dominated by the large contribution from a relatively small
number of major generators (Figure ES-1). Clearly there are many attractive targets for composting or
organics diversion in this sector, although a significant proportion of the major generators have already
implemented some form of recycling program. Supermarkets are another major generating sector that is a
favorable target for composting or organics diversion, because of their relatively homogeneous waste
stream, and because of the fact that the majority of wastes from this sector come from fewer than a dozen
major supermarket chains. The database also clearly identifies restaurants as a third major food waste
generating sector, although composting or organics diversion initiatives among restaurants are made
complicated by their relatively small individual size, and by concerns related to logistics, sanitation, and
contamination.
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 1
Table ES-1
Summary of Massachusetts Food Waste Generation from Generators Analyzed in Study
Generator Category Number of Total SSOM SSOM Generation
Establish- Generation (tons/yr) Per Establishment
ments (tons/yr)
Manufacturers / Processors 727 493,698 656
Wholesalers / Distributors 304 44,688 147
Hospitals 126 14,538 117
Nursing Homes and Related 507 27,409 54
Colleges, Universities 101 24,458 242
Independent Preparatory Schools 20 955 50
Correctional Institutions 17 1,762 104
Resorts / Conference Facilities 105 6,442 61
Supermarkets
Supermarkets (SIC 5411-0100, 0101, 408 90,604 222
0103, 9901)
Grocery Stores (SIC 5411-0000, 164 7,022 43
9902, 9904, 9905)
Restaurants 3,320 168,191 51
TOTAL 5,799 879,767 ---
Figure ES-1
Food Waste Generation from Massachusetts Manufacturers
120%
100%
Percent of Food Waste
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Percent of Generators
From the perspective of establishing food waste composting or other diversion initiatives in
Massachusetts, the GIS mapping capabilities provided by this study are a valuable tool. Linked to a GIS
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 2
system (ArcView version 3.2a), the database can graphically display food waste generators by generator
type, waste type, waste generation estimates, and a variety of other attributes. With the GIS system,
generators can be portrayed on base maps that contain features such as locals roads and streets, major
statewide traffic arteries, and town boundaries. Users of the database/GIS system can view generator
locations at scales ranging from generalized statewide maps to large scale maps that pinpoint generator
locations on individual streets. Users can also obtain generator-specific information on any mapped
generator, and can create customized hard copy and on-screen maps to display generator locations with
symbols selected and scaled to show any desired generator attribute data (generator type, waste type, size,
waste generation, etc.). Database query capabilities can also be combined with the GIS technology to
pose and answer sophisticated questions about food waste generation in Massachusetts at a statewide or
local scale – for example, to identify all supermarkets within a specified transportation radius of a
composting facility, to identify all generators of a specific waste type on a statewide, regional, or local
basis, or to identify restaurants in a specific locality that might be targeted for a local composting
program.
INTRODUCTION
This project was implemented to improve the climate for recovering and composting Source-Separated
Organic Materials (SSOM) in Massachusetts. Source Separated Organic Materials are food wastes from Formatted
manufacturing, distribution, and/or kitchen operations that can potentially be separated from other wastes
at the point of generation. They do not include other recyclable materials that may be generated at these
same kinds of facilities, such as cardboard packaging and soiled paper.
At present, the absence of good information on the location of SSOM generators in the state, and on the
types and quantities of materials they generate as wastes or by-products, is a major obstacle to the
development of SSOM composting or organics diversion capabilities. This project has sought to address
this obstacle in three ways:
1. To identify, in as much detail as possible, all of the major food waste generators in
Massachusetts, including food manufacturers, processors, and distributors, colleges and
universities, hospitals and other healthcare institutions, resort/conference facilities, correctional
facilities, restaurants, and supermarkets;
2. To quantify and characterize the organic wastes generated by these establishments;
3. To use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to map the location of all identified
generators, with technology that allows them to be shown in relationship to transportation arteries
at both the statewide and local level, facilitate the identification of logical generator “clusters” for
composting or organics diversion, and facilitate the development of an efficient collection
infrastructure.
The products of the project are this report; a food waste generator database of Massachusetts businesses
and institutions geographically encoded for each generator; food waste generation formulas for specific
generator categories; and three sample maps for data illustrative purposes. The enhanced or geo-coded
organic waste databases combined with Massachusetts DEP’s GIS capabilities allows the user of the
generator and generation databases and mapping technology to ask for almost any combination of
information about commercially generated organic wastes in Massachusetts. It can be used to facilitate
decisions about how best to target organics for recovery, which generators to target, how to structure
collection routes and infrastructure, and where to site collection and composting or organics diversion
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 3
facilities. Lack of information, not technology or economics, has been the most significant obstacle to
successful organics composting or organics diversion in Massachusetts. It is DEP’s hope that the
information provided by this project, with the mapping capabilities to bring the information to life, will
go a long way toward eliminating this obstacle.
NUMBER AND NATURE OF FOOD WASTE GENERATORS IN MASSACHUSETTS
Ten categories of SSOM generators were analyzed in this study. They are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1
Summary of Massachusetts Food Waste Generators Analyzed In This Study
Generator Category Number Minimum Size Included in Database
Food manufacturers / processors 727 >=5 employees
Food wholesalers / distributors 304 >=5 employees
Hospitals 126 All identified inpatient establishments
included
Nursing homes 507 All identified establishments included
Colleges, universities 101 All identified establishments included
Independent schools, primary and/or secondary 20 Boarding schools only, >250 students
Correctional facilities 17 All identified establishments included
(state corrections system only, not
including county and local jails)
Resorts / conference properties 105 Banquet seating for >=250 guests
Restaurants 3,320 >=10 employees and >=$200,000
annual sales
Supermarkets, grocery stores 572 >$1.5 million sales, or >15 employees
(convenience stores excluded)
TOTAL 5,799
For six generator categories, a size cutoff was established which reduced the number of establishments
included in the generator database (see Table 1). Based on a review of information from Massachusetts
and elsewhere, it was determined that although there may be a relatively large number of smaller
generators, individually and collectively they do not contribute a substantial proportion to statewide food
waste generation. And although on-site composting may be an option for some number of these smaller
generators, they are generally not attractive candidates for source separation and composting or organics
diversion through a network of haulers and off-site processing facilities. It was decided that to include
these smaller generators in the generator databases and maps would add unnecessary clutter to the results
of this analysis, without adding to their accuracy or utility.
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 4
The tables in Appendix A provide additional details on Massachusetts food waste generators in the
manufacturer/processor category (Table A-1), the wholesaler/distributor category (Table A-2), and the
restaurant category (Table A-3).
FOOD WASTE GENERATION RATES BY GENERATOR CATEGORY
One goal of this project is to develop quantitative estimates of organic waste generation as a function of
facility size, sales, number of employees, or other readily available metrics. Based on literature review
and survey information acquired directly from Massachusetts SSOM generators, this has proven possible
for eight of the ten generator categories, including:
• Hospitals
• Nursing homes
• Colleges and universities
• Independent preparatory schools
• Correctional facilities
• Resort and conference facilities
• Restaurants
• Supermarkets
Table 2 summarizes the relationships established for each of these generator categories.
Table 2
Food Waste Generation Estimates by Generator Category1
Hospitals
Food waste (lbs/yr) = N of beds * 5.7 meals/bed/day * 0.6 lbs food waste/meal * 365 days/yr
Nursing Homes and Similar Facilities
Food waste (lbs/yr = N of beds *3.0 meals/bed/day * 0.6 lbs food waste/meal * 365 days/yr
Colleges, Universities, and Independent Preparatory Schools
Residential Institutions
Food waste (lbs/yr) = 0.35 lbs/meal * N of students * 405 meals/student/yr
Non-Residential Institutions (e.g., community colleges)
Food waste (lbs/yr) = 0.35 lbs/meal * N of students * 108 meals/student/yr
Correctional Facilities
Food waste (lbs/yr) = l.0 lb/inmate/day * N of inmates * 365 days/yr
Resorts / Conference Properties
Food waste (lbs/yr) = 1.0 lbs/meal * N of meals/seat/day2 * N of seats * 365 days/yr
Supermarkets
Food waste (lbs/year) = N of employees * 3,000 lbs/employee/yr
Restaurants
Food waste (lbs/year) = N of employees * 3,000 lbs/employee/yr
1
Notes: See references for sources of waste generation estimates
2
Resort and conference facilities were divided into two classes, depending on how intensively
they use their banquet/dining facilities. One has been given a value of 0.6 meals/day/seat of conference
capacity, the other a value of 0.25 meals/day/seat of conference capacity.
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 5
Such relationships have not been possible to develop for two generator categories: food manufacturers
and processors, and food wholesalers and distributors:
Food Manufacturers/Processors. Even within a single SIC code, manufacturers are very diverse.
For example, one meat packer (SIC 2011) may purchase and process entire carcasses, and ultimately
discard half or more by weight as waste. A neighboring facility in the same SIC may purchase
partially processed cuts of meat, and discard only a few percent as a waste. Similar disparities in
operations can be found across all manufacturing and processing categories. Aggregate waste
generation estimates for the population of Massachusetts food processors and manufacturers are based
on survey responses secured from individual generators. In the waste generation databases and maps,
facilities in this category are recorded based on total annual sales.
Food Wholesalers/Distributors. Based on data collected in this and other studies, it can be
concluded that the majority of food wholesalers and distributors generate very little recyclable
organic waste. Most of these establishments warehouse and redistribute pre-packaged items, with
little or no organic waste generated. Some amount of waste is generated in a stream of damaged or
returned products, but most of these are returned in their original packaging (and are therefore
difficult to separate for composting or organics diversion), and much is ultimately returned to
manufacturers for credit, eliminating the possibility of composting or organics diversion from the
wholesale or distribution establishment.
On the basis of surveys developed for this analysis, it was decided to map and estimate waste
generation from three categories of food wholesalers/distributors: fish and shellfish; vegetables; and
meats (including eggs). As is true with manufacturers, there is wide variation in waste generation
even within these categories, which cannot be related to any simple metric related to establishment
size or sales. For this reason, aggregate waste generation estimates are based on survey responses
from individual generators, but the larger population of generators are recorded and mapped with
information on total annual sales, not on waste generation.
FOOD WASTE COMPOSITION
Data on organic waste composition were derived from literature search and survey and phone contacts
with individual Massachusetts generators. By generator category, waste composition can be summarized
as follows:
Food and Beverage Manufacturers and Processors. In general, waste composition is a fairly predictable
reflection of the generator SIC category — e.g., meat, bones, and fat from “meat products” SICs,
chocolate, starch, nuts, and raisins from “confectionery” SICs, and so on. However, in almost all SICs
there are minor, unpredictable contributions from unrelated wastes. For example, a few meat packers
report generation of fruit, vegetable, and/or bakery waste (presumably from production of meat pies or
similar products), while a few bakers report generation of meat or vegetable wastes (presumably from
stuffed pastas or similar items). The only ultimately reliable source of information on waste composition
among manufacturers and processors is the individual generator.
Food Wholesalers and Distributors. In this category also, waste types are predicted well by SIC
classification (e.g., fruits from fruit distributors, fish and fish products from fish wholesalers, etc.), with
the caveat that some establishments generate product-related wastes that are not intuitively related to the
facility’s primary SIC. For example, some fish distributors report generation of significant quantities of
bakery wastes, presumably from breaded fish products.
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 6
Healthcare Facilities. This “institutional kitchen” waste stream includes, by weight, 50% or more
vegetables and fruits and their byproducts, reflecting their relatively high moisture content. Most of the
balance is divided between meat (including fish and poultry) and bakery products. There is relatively
little dairy reported in this waste stream, presumably because most dairy products are either packaged in
single-servings, or are dispensed from bulk containers, in either case generating little source-separated
waste.
Colleges, Universities, and Major Independent Secondary Schools. SSOM generated from this
generator category is equivalent to that from a health care setting, including 50+% fruit and vegetable
matter, with most of the balance divided between meat and bakery products, and a small contribution
from sugars and starches, oil-based products, and miscellaneous scraps.
Correctional Facilities. Food waste from this generator category is similar to that from other institutional
kitchens (e.g., hospitals, colleges and universities), with the exception that no metallic objects are found
as contaminants.
Major Resort and Conference Properties. Food waste from this generator category is similar to that
from other institutional kitchens (e.g., hospitals, colleges and universities), consisting of fruits and
vegetables (50+%), meat, fish and poultry wastes, and bakery products.
Restaurants. There is wide variability in the composition of food waste from restaurants. For example,
most fast food restaurants used pre-portioned raw materials, and generate relatively small quantities of
“pre-plate” wastes compared to restaurants that prepare meals on demand. Some restaurants prepare most
meals to order; others pre-prepare the majority of their meals. Restaurants focusing on the dinner trade
generate very different wastes than restaurants focusing on breakfast and/or lunch. In general, fruits and
vegetables can be expected to comprise the majority of potentially recyclable “pre-plate” wastes, with
significant additional contributions from bakery products, and smaller contributions of sugar- and starch-
based products, confectionery, and dairy products.
Supermarkets. Supermarket organic wastes are dominated by produce. A typical composition study
(Jacob 1993) reports that 90% of wastes from eight supermarkets consisted of fruits and vegetables.
Between 5% and 6% consisted of bakery wastes, three percent of seafood, and one percent of deli wastes
(primarily meat scraps). Meat wastes are almost universally directed to rendering, and are rarely cited in Formatted
composition studies that identify compostable wastes. Formatted
Formatted
STATEWIDE FOOD WASTE GENERATION ESTIMATES
The quantity of SSOM generated annually in Massachusetts from the subset of all Massachusetts food
waste generators that was analyzed in this study is estimated to be 881,000 tons/year (Table 3).
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 7
Table 3
Summary of Massachusetts SSOM Generation from Generators Analyzed in Study
Generator Category Number of Total SSOM SSOM Generation
Establish- Generation (tons/yr) Per Establishment
ments (tons/yr)
Manufacturers / Processors 727 493,698 656
Wholesalers / Distributors 304 44,688 147
Hospitals 124 14,538 117
Nursing Homes and Related 507 27,409 54
Colleges, Universities 101 24,458 242
Independent Preparatory Schools 20 955 50
Correctional Institutions 17 1,762 104
Resorts / Conference Facilities 105 6,442 61
Supermarkets
Supermarkets (SIC 5411-0100, 0101, 408 90,604 222
0103, 9901)
Grocery Stores (SIC 5411-0000, 164 7,022 43
9902, 9904, 9905)
Restaurants 3,320 168,191 51
TOTAL 5,799 879,767 ---
Nearly 60% of these wastes, nearly 500,000 tons/year, are estimated to come from food manufacturers
and processors. But this fact disguises great variability in this category.
Figure 1, which is drawn from survey information provided by Massachusetts food product manufacturers
for this study, highlights the great concentration of food waste generation from the food manufacturing
sector. Over half of the food waste reported comes from only five percent of the generators, and over
75% of the reported food waste comes from the top ten percent of generators.
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 8
Figure 1
Food Waste Generation from Massachusetts Manufacturers
120%
100%
Percent of Food Waste
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Percent of Generators
This fact has meaningful implications for targeting the most promising generators for composting or
organics diversion. While the mean food waste generation for all Massachusetts food manufacturers is an
estimated 656 tons/establishment/year, this value is inflated by the presence of a small number of
manufacturers with very large waste streams. The large majority of manufacturers produce much less
than this value. Based on surveys conducted for this study, only twenty-five percent of all food
manufacturers generate as much as 300 tons of food waste per year, and half of all manufacturers generate
no more than 25-35 tons/year of organic wastes. Any composting or other organics diversion initiatives
planned among manufacturers would be well advised to identify and target the relatively small number of
firms that generate the majority of Massachusetts’ manufacturing food waste, with much less attention
devoted to the large number of firms that are in fact quite small waste generators. And even among large
generators, the potential to source food wastes from manufacturers must be evaluated on a case-by-case
basis, for a variety of reasons:
• There is no easy means to predict food waste generation on the basis of sales, employment, or
other readily measurable yardsticks. Food waste generation can vary widely depending on the
nature of specific products, technologies employed, and other variables specific to individual
establishments.
• Contamination can be a serious issue. For example, food wastes from some manufacturers are
generated in packaged containers, and removing packaging can be a serious obstacle to successful
diversion. Other manufacturers may mix food wastes with other process or non-process wastes,
and separation of food waste for composting or other diversion can be costly.
• Because of the expense associated with food waste disposal, some number of large manufacturers
have already identified and implemented composting or other organics diversion alternatives.
This is particularly true among manufacturers whose products have nutritional value (e.g., bakery
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 9
products, brewers grains), where an infrastructure to divert wastes to use as animal feed is
relatively well established.
Apart from manufacturers, three other generator categories also stand out:
Supermarkets: Depending on the treatment of food manufacturing waste estimates, the 409
supermarkets accounted for in this study generate some 11% of all food waste generated in
Massachusetts. Further, these generators are concentrated among a relatively small number of firms:
the top eleven supermarket chains in the state account for 80% of all individual stores, and generate
over 90% of the food wastes from this generator category. Supermarkets also tend to be concentrated
in a predictable pattern, closely following the concentration of population, and generate a relatively
consistent and predictable set of wastes. For all of these reasons, supermarkets are a logical target for
food waste composting or organics diversion initiatives.
Colleges and universities: Colleges and universities stand out because of their relatively large
individual size (average food waste generation = 242 tons per year). This value masks considerable
diversity, however. The five largest universities in the state are each estimated to generate over 1,000
tons of food waste per year – cumulatively over one-third of all food waste from this generator
category. Meanwhile, forty of the smallest colleges/universities in the state (or 40% of all
institutions) each generate less than 100 tons of food waste per year, and account in total for only
about 7% of all food waste from this category. From the perspective of food waste diversion,
colleges and universities present additional challenges from two perspectives; first, food waste is
typically generated from a large number of individual kitchens or cafeterias on a single campus; and
second, contamination can be predicted to be a serious issue for most pre- and post-plate food waste
from this set of generators.
Restaurants: Restaurants account for about 19% of all food waste generated in Massachusetts.
Restaurants are also, by far, the most numerous generators of food waste in the Commonwealth. This
situation presents both challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, restaurants present significant
challenges related to contamination and to collection of small quantities of wastes from individual
generators. On the other hand, because of their density and their significant contribution to local
waste totals, restaurants may be logical targets for locally-organized and managed composting or
other organics diversion initiatives.
FOOD WASTE DATABASE AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM CAPABILITIES
Information about SSOM generators was assembled in a Microsoft Access database to allow for
comprehensive facility tracking, research, data querying, and generation of Geographic Information
System (GIS) maps. For each identified generator, the SSOM generator database contains the following
information:
• Company/organization name, address, and contact information;
• Establishment location (latitude and longitude) coded in both decimal degrees and X and Y
coordinates (State Plane NAD-83);
• 8-Digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code and SIC code description;
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 10
• Establishment size, coded as sales range (manufacturers, wholesalers), employee range
(manufacturers, wholesalers, supermarkets and grocery stores, restaurants), number of beds
(hospitals, nursing homes), number of students (colleges/universities, independent preparatory
schools), number of inmates (prisons), or banquet-style seating capacity (resorts/conference
facilities);
• Food waste types;
• Food waste generation estimate (all institutions except manufacturers and wholesalers).
The database was assembled for two primary purposes. The first is to provide comprehensive data query
and manipulation capabilities through the Access database system. For example, these allow users of the
database to design and run comprehensive queries, sorting and summing routines that can provide
detailed information on food waste generation in Massachusetts by location (zip code, town, etc.),
generator type, food waste type, or other variables.
The second major purpose of the database is to link to a Geographic Information System (GIS), ArcView
version 3.2a, that can graphically display food waste generators by generator type, waste type, waste
generation estimates, and a variety of other attributes. With the GIS system, generators can be portrayed
on base maps that contain features such as locals roads and streets, major statewide traffic arteries, and
town boundaries. Users of the linked database/GIS system can view generator locations at scales ranging
from generalized statewide maps to large scale maps that pinpoint generator locations on individual
streets. With the ArcView information tool, users can also obtain generator-specific information on any
mapped generator, and can create customized hard copy and on-screen maps to display generator
locations with symbols selected and scaled to show any desired generator attribute data (generator type,
waste type, size, waste generation, etc.).
Probably the most useful applications of the database/GIS system are to be found in the combination of
data query and mapping capabilities. For example, a query such as “waste generation greater than 83
tons/year and sales code note equal to A, B, C, D, or E” was used to generate the statewide map of large
scale generators presented as Map 1. Additional GIS mapping capabilities were then used to map a subset
of these generators onto local road systems in a smaller portion of the state (Map 3), a feature that can be
used, for example, to help lay out logical collection routes. The combination of query and mapping
capabilities can be used iteratively to carry out quite sophisticated analyses of food waste generation in
Massachusetts, particularly focusing on the practical aspects of identifying generators who are logical
targets (by virtue of location, waste types, waste quantities, and other features) for composting or other
organics diversion initiatives.
Appendices B and C provide more detailed information about development of the SSOM generator
database, its contents, and the related GIS mapping capabilities developed in this project.
DATABASE UPDATE PLAN
The following paragraphs summarize the sources of information used in this analysis, which can be
accessed again in the future to update mapping and demographic information contained in the SSOM
generator database. To optimize utility of the database and mapping capabilities, the database should be
updated frequently enough to assure that most establishments recorded are still in business and
maintaining their current level of economic activity. Based on industry turnover rates and the importance
of their contribution to statewide SSOM generation, Draper/Lennon suggests the following update
schedule to assure the continuing relevance of the database and mapping results of this project (Table 4).
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 11
Table 4
Suggested Update Frequency, Massachusetts SSOM Generator Database
Generator Category Update Schedule
Manufacturers / Processors Every 2 years
Wholesalers / Distributors Every 2 years
Hospitals Every 5 years
Nursing Homes and Related Facilities Every 5 years
Colleges and Universities Every 5 years
Independent Preparatory Schools Every 5 years
Correctional Institutions Every 5 years
Resorts / Conference Facilities Every 3-5 years
Supermarkets Every 2 years
Restaurants Annual
Food and Beverage Manufacturers and Processors and Food Wholesalers and Distributors. The
Connecticut Economic Resource Center (CERC, www.cerc.com) maintains a database of business and
service establishments in Massachusetts and other states that was the source of the majority of
information in these generator categories. Information from CERC was supplemented by additional data
derived from public web sources and search engines, industry sources such as Thomas’s Register of
American Manufacturers, and trade associations
Hospitals. The majority of information used in this study was provided by the member relations
department of the Massachusetts Hospital Association (www.mhalink.org), supplemented by information
from the American Hospital Directory (www.ahd.com), and additional information from the American
Hospital Association (www.hospitalconnect.com). Direct contact with a number of hospitals or their web
sites was employed to confirm some database-derived information.
Nursing Homes. The federal Medicare program maintains a comprehensive database of all Medicare-
certified nursing homes and related extended care facilities in the United States. This database
(www.medicare.gov/Nursing/Overview.asp) was the source of the information used in this study.
Colleges and Universities. Information was taken from the National Center for Education Statistics
(www.nces.ed.gov), supplemented by information from the Massachusetts Department of Higher
Education (www.mass.edu), and the New England Association of Schools and Colleges,
(www.neasc.org). Contacts with a number of individual schools (web site or school registrar) were
required to confirm address, contact, or current enrollment information.
Major Independent Secondary Schools. The Association of Independent Schools of New England,
(www.aisne.org) was the source of most information. Schools that are not AISNE members were
identified and characterized through the American School Directory (www.asd.com) and contacts with
the individual schools, the Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, and/or the National Center for
Education Statistics.
Correctional Facilities. The Massachusetts Department of Correction, office of the Assistant Deputy
Commissioner, Community Correction Division, provided address and inmate count information for all of
the facilities in the Massachusetts prison system.
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 12
Major Resort and Conference Properties. Facilities were identified by contacting the Convention and
Visitors Bureaus in the major metropolitan areas and rural recreational regions in Massachusetts (Boston
Metro, Worcester Area, Pittsfield/Berkshires, Cape Cod, etc.). These contacts provided the names of all
resort/conference properties in each region, and in some cases provided data on the number of banquet-
style seats at each facility. Where published information did not include data on banquet seating,
individual establishments were contacted to secure this information.
Restaurants. Data were provided by CERC.
Supermarkets. Base data were provided by CERC. For ten of the major supermarket chains in
Massachusetts, Draper/Lennon established direct contact (typically with the chain’s environmental
coordinator) and requested information to update and correct the CERC-derived information. The
following chains provided such information: A&P (Waldbaum’s), Big Y, Bread & Circus, Foodmaster,
Market Basket, Price Chopper, Roche Brothers, Shaw’s/Star Market, Shop n Save, and Stop n Shop.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified a total of 5,799 commercial and institutional generators of food waste in
Massachusetts, who produce an estimated 880,000 tons/year of source separated organic materials
potentially suitable for composting or organics diversion. Additional tonnage, the quantity of which was
not estimated in this study, is generated from a large number of businesses and institutions that are
smaller than the size cutoffs established for this analysis. Based on these results, enough SSOM is
generated in Massachusetts to support composting or organics diversion efforts, either dedicated
exclusively to SSOM, or for SSOM mixed and recycled with other organics (e.g., leaf and yard wastes).
The major SSOM generating sectors in Massachusetts include manufacturers, restaurants, and
supermarkets. There is great diversity among food manufacturers, and the majority of wastes from this
sector are produced by a relatively small number of large generators. Supermarkets are the source of
nearly 100,000 tons/year of compostable organics, and from the standpoint of organics diversion offer
advantages in that they represent a consistent and predictable waste stream, and the majority of wastes
come from a relatively small number of supermarket chains. In total, restaurants generate nearly 170,000
tons/year of organics, but are relatively difficult targets for recycling because of their generally small size
and issues related to recycling logistics, sanitation, and contamination.
The combination of database information and Geographic Information System capabilities provided by
this study has also provided the state with a flexible and powerful tool to identify, characterize, and map
SSOM by location, generator type, generator size, waste type, and other variables – a tool that can be
used by current or prospective SSOM recyclers, SSOM generators, haulers, and waste management
planners. This combination of database and GIS products provide the State of Massachusetts and private
companies with an opportunity to create composting or organics diversion markets for SSOM in
Massachusetts, and to create jobs and economic activity centered on this opportunity.
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 13
References
Note: Bold-faced abbreviations after each citation refer to the types of generators discussed in each
document, as follows: M=Manufacturers/Processors, HC=Health Care (hospitals, nursing homes),
ED=Education, PR=Prisons, RC=Resort/Conference, R=Restaurant, SM=Supermarket.
Block, Dave. 1997. Composting prison food residuals. BioCycle, August 1997: 37. PR
CIWMB (California Integrated Waste Management Board). 2001. Solid Waste Characterization
Database. www.ciwmb.ca.gov/wastechar M,HC,R,SM
Clark, Sean, and Derek Law. 2000. Multipurpose program at Kentucky college. BioCycle, September
2000: 69. ED
Composting Council Research and Education Foundation. 1997. A guide to commercial food
composting. Bethesda, MD. December 1997. SM,R,HC
Farrell, Molly. 1995. Resort composting keeps costs down. BioCycle, December 1995: 35. RC
Feinbaum, Robert. 1995. Gauging Attitudes Toward Source Separation. BioCycle, July 1995: 69.
Food Marketing Institute. 1994. Composting Workbook. Washington, DC. SM
Flores, R.A., and C.W. Shanklin. 1998. Food wastes database development: final report. Des Moines,
Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Waste Management Assistance Division. March 1998. M
Giesecke, Ann. Personal Commmunication. Telephone and email correspondence with Ann Giesecke,
American Bakery Association, 11/00 - 12/00. M
Goldstein, Nora. 1992. Composting the commercial organic stream. BioCycle, May 1992: 46. SM
Grocery Industry Committee on Solid Waste. 1991. Composting task force report. Washington, DC.
Food Marketing Institute. SM
Heumann, Jenny M. 1999. Grocery Store Solid Waste Management: Looking Behind the Aisles. Waste
Age, February 1999: 87. SM
Hinshaw, Jane, and Ivan Braun. 1991. Targeting Commercial Businesses for Recycling. Resource
Recycling, November 1991: 27. R,RC
Jacob, Mark. 1993. Classifying the supermarket food waste stream. BioCycle, February 1993: 46. SM
Katsuyama, Allen M., Editor. 1979. A Guide for Waste Management in the Food Processing Industry.
Washington, DC., The Food Processors Institute (National Food Processors Assn). M
Kantor, Linda Scott, K. Lipton, A. Manchester, and V. Oliveira. 1997. Estimating and addressing
America’s food losses. FoodReview 20(1), Jan-April 1997. M
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 14
Kim, Taehee, C.W. Shanklin, A. Y. Su, B.L. Hackes, and D. Ferris. 1997. Comparison of waste
composition in a continuing-care retirement community. J. Amer. Dietetic Assn. 97/4 (April 1997): 396.
HC
Marion, James. 2000. Composting 12,000 tons of food residuals a year. BioCycle, May 2000: 35. PR
Nebraska State Recycling Association. 1996. Organic waste product generated by Nebraska food
manufacturers. Omaha, NE. December 1996. M
Nelson, R.G., and R.A. Flores. 1994. Survey of processing residues generated by Kansas agribusinesses.
Appl. Engr. Agr. 10(5): 703-708. M
Newell, Ty, Elizabeth Markstahler, and Matthew Snyder. 1993. Commercial food waste from restaurants
and grocery stores. Resource Recycling, February 1993: 56. R,SM
Newell, Ty, and Matthew Snyder. 1996. Analyzing collection of commercial organics. BioCycle, July
1996: 63. R,SM
Shanklin, C.W., T. Kim, and Allan Su. 1997. Tray service generates more food waste in dining areas of
a continuing-care retirement community. J. Amer. Dietetic Assn. 97(8): 894. HC
Smith, Wayne H., A. Shiralipour, and M. Kessler. 1998. Final report: food waste diversion in Florida.
University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Center for Biomass Programs and
Florida Organic Recyclers Association. November 1998. R,HC,PR,ED
U.S. EPA. 1998a. Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, VT: 90% Recovery of Preconsumer Food
Discards. Washington, DC, U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste & Emergency Response. EPA-530-F-98-
023b. HC
U.S. EPA. 1998b. Frost Valley YMCA, Claryville, New York: 100% Recovery of Food Discards.
Washington, DC, U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste & Emergency Response. EPA-530-F-98-023c. RC
U.S. EPA. 1998c. Larry’s Markets, Seattle, WA: 90% Recovery of Food and Floral Discards.
Washington, DC, U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste & Emergency Response. EPA-530-F-98-023e. SM
U.S. EPA. 1998d. Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT: 75% Recovery of Food Discards. Washington,
DC, U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste & Emergency Response. EPA-530-F-98-023f. ED
Youde, Jeffrey, and Bruce Prengruber. 1991. Classifying the food waste stream. Biocycle, October
1991: 70. M
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Page 15
Appendix A
Detailed Information on Massachusetts Manufacturer/Processor, Wholesaler/Distributor, and
Restaurant Food Waste Generator Categories
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix A
Table A-1
Massachusetts Food and Beverage Manufacturers and Processors by SIC Code and Size (Sales)
Annual Sales (Million $$)
SIC Total SIC Description
<0.49 .5-.99 1.0-2.49 2.5-4.99 5.0-9.99 10.0-24.9 25.0-49.9 50.0-99.9 100-499 >=500 Unknown
2011 0 0 2 5 4 3 5 0 1 0 12 32 Meat packing plants
2013 1 6 5 3 5 2 1 0 0 0 13 36 Sausages and meat products
2015 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 4 9 Poultry slaughtering, dressing, and processing
2022 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 4 Cheese
2023 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products
2024 8 5 3 6 3 2 3 1 0 0 22 53 Ice cream
2026 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 9 16 Fluid milk
2032 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 7 Canned specialties
2033 1 1 5 8 1 12 2 0 1 1 4 36 Canned fruits, vegetables, and preserves
2034 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Dried and dehydrated fruits, vegetables, and soup mixes
2035 1 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 Pickles, sauces, and salad dressings
2037 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Fruit juices
2038 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 8 Frozen specialties
2041 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 4 Flour, grain milling
2043 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4 Cereal breakfast foods
2044 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Rice milling
2045 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 Prepared flour mixes and doughs
2046 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 Wet corn milling
2047 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 Dog and cat food
2048 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 Other prepared feeds
2051 17 10 22 12 9 7 1 0 0 0 75 153 Bread, cake, and related products
2052 1 4 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 19 Cookies and crackers
2053 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 Frozen bakery products
2063 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Beet sugar
2064 8 8 6 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 10 37 Candy and other confectionery products
2066 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 15 Chocolate and cocoa products
2068 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 5 Salted and roasted nuts and seeds
2077 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 Animal and marine fats and oils
2079 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 Vegetable oils
2082 1 4 8 2 1 2 0 0 2 0 7 27 Malt beverages
2084 2 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 11 Wines, brandy, and brandy spirits
2085 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 Distilled and blended liquors
2086 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 7 13 Bottled and canned soft drinks
2087 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 7 Flavoring extracts and syrups
2091 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 11 Canned and cured fish and seafoods
2092 1 1 12 7 7 8 5 0 0 0 19 60 Fresh or frozen packaged fish
2095 1 2 2 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 8 19 Coffee
2096 3 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 10 Potato chips and similar snacks
2098 2 4 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 19 Macaroni and spaghetti
2099 5 6 11 6 7 4 4 0 0 0 24 67 Other food preparations
Total 58 64 105 69 59 51 26 2 10 3 280 727
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix A
Table A-2
Massachusetts Food Wholesalers and Distributors by SIC Code and Size (Sales)
See Note 1
Annual Sales (Million $$)
SIC Code Total SIC Description
<0.49 .5-.99 1.0-2.49 2.5-4.99 5.0-9.99 10-24.9 25-49.9 50-99.9 100-249.9 Unknown
5143 0 2 2 3 4 2 0 0 0 4 17 Dairy products
5144 0 1 1 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 10 Eggs and poultry
5146 3 7 42 25 25 16 8 1 2 15 144 Fish and seafoods
5147 0 0 3 2 3 2 2 0 0 1 13 Meats
5148 2 5 21 17 15 11 4 3 0 13 91 Fresh fruits and vegetables
5149 1 8 9 2 0 1 0 0 0 8 29 Bakery products
Total 6 23 78 54 48 33 15 4 2 41 304
Notes: 1 Selected SICs only. Review of survey information returned by Massachusetts wholesalers/distributors determined that establishments in most SICs generate very little recyclable organic waste.
Only establishments handling meat, fish, dairy, bakery, and fruits/vegetables are likely to generate organics in quantities potentially recoverable for composting or organics diversion; only these SICs
are accounted for in this study. See text.
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix A
Table A-3
Massachusetts Restaurants by Type and Size (Number of Employees)
Number of Employees
SIC Code SIC Description
<15 15-24 25-49 50-99 100+ Total
5812-0000 259 243 283 140 42 967 Eating places, not otherwise classified
5812-0100 10 6 9 1 1 27 Ethnic food restaurants
5812-0101 28 42 64 72 19 225 American restaurant
5812-0103 69 48 26 9 1 153 Chinese restaurant
5812-0104 2 2 6 5 0 15 French restaurant
5812-0105 0 0 2 0 0 2 German restaurant
5812-0106 5 2 0 0 1 8 Greek restaurant
5812-0107 5 3 0 0 0 8 Indian/Pakistan restaurant
5812-0108 35 42 114 40 8 239 Italian restaurant
5812-0109 2 5 7 2 0 16 Japanese restaurant
5812-0112 8 12 14 4 2 40 Mexican restaurant
5812-0113 1 0 1 0 0 2 Spanish restaurant
5812-0114 1 0 0 0 0 1 Sushi bar
5812-0115 6 5 1 1 0 13 Thai restaurant
5812-0116 1 3 0 0 0 4 Vietnamese restaurant
5812-0200 1 4 1 0 0 6 Ice cream, soft drink and soda fountain stands
5812-0201 1 1 1 2 0 5 Concessionaire
5812-0202 2 0 0 0 0 2 Frozen yogurt stand
5812-0203 18 15 14 1 0 48 Ice cream stands or dairy bars
5812-0300 2 6 4 1 1 14 Fast-food restaurants and stands
5812-0302 1 5 2 1 0 9 Carry-out only (except pizza) restaurant
5812-0304 13 20 27 3 0 63 Coffee shop
5812-0305 11 9 3 1 0 24 Delicatessen (eating places)
5812-0306 1 2 2 0 0 5 Drive-in restaurant
5812-0307 26 34 198 58 2 318 Fast-food restaurant, chain
5812-0308 2 2 3 1 0 8 Fast-food restaurant, independent
5812-0309 0 0 3 0 0 3 Food bars
5812-0310 3 7 8 5 0 23 Grills (eating places)
5812-0311 1 0 0 0 0 1 Hamburger stand
5812-0312 2 0 1 0 0 3 Hot dog stand
5812-0313 23 13 9 1 1 47 Sandwiches and submarines shop
5812-0315 1 0 0 0 0 1 Snack shop
5812-0400 2 1 1 0 0 4 Lunchrooms and cafeterias
5812-0402 1 0 1 0 0 2 Cafeteria
5812-0403 3 8 0 0 0 11 Luncheonette
5812-0500 11 10 36 20 1 78 Family restaurants, not otherwise classified
5812-0501 1 1 124 43 9 178 Restaurant, family: chain
5812-0502 13 32 61 25 8 139 Restaurant, family: independent
5812-0600 48 26 24 30 1 129 Pizza restaurants
5812-0601 4 4 23 18 0 49 Pizzeria, chain
5812-0602 6 13 3 0 0 22 Pizzeria, independent
5812-0700 18 25 28 25 12 108 Seafood restaurants
5812-0702 1 0 3 4 0 8 Seafood shack
5812-0800 1 0 0 0 0 1 Steak and barbecue restaurants
5812-0801 2 1 1 0 1 5 Barbecue restaurant
5812-0802 2 4 17 13 4 40 Steak restaurant
5812-9901 3 1 1 8 0 13 Buffet (eating places)
5812-9902 16 7 28 6 0 57 Cafe
5812-9903 28 34 29 22 8 121 Caterers
5812-9904 0 1 5 0 0 6 Chicken restaurant
5812-9905 1 1 2 0 0 4 Commissary restaurant
5812-9906 0 2 8 6 3 19 Contract food services
5812-9907 8 5 4 3 0 20 Diner
5812-9908 0 0 2 1 0 3 Dinner theater
5812-9909 1 0 2 0 0 3 Health food restaurant
Total 710 707 1,206 572 125 3,320
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix A
Appendix B
Detailed Description of GIS Mapping Capabilities and Protocols
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix B
APPENDIX B
Detailed Description of GIS Mapping Capabilities and Protocols
SSOM Database and Mapping System
Information about SSOM generators is assembled in an Access database to allow for
comprehensive facility tracking, research, and data querying. The database is linked to a
Geographic Information System (GIS) that graphically displays the generators by type, waste
type, waste production estimates, and a variety of other attributes on base maps that contain
features such as roads and town boundaries. Users of the system can view generator locations
at scales ranging from state (1:1,520,000) to detailed street levels (1:24,000) and immediately
obtain generator-specific information. Customized hard-copy and on-screen maps can be
created to display any of the generator’s locations with symbols selected and scaled for any
associated attribute data (e.g., size, waste type, etc.).
Queries can be performed to select generators within a certain area, defined with on-screen
graphics or by data attributes such as town, zip code or street. This type of query is particularly
useful for determining preliminary waste generation estimates for specific areas. By selecting
generators and running a GIS summing routine, total quantities of waste can be determined.
The detailed, street level maps are also useful for preliminary route mapping for waste
collection. The ability to spatially select and easily obtain the attributes of generators is a
powerful tool for assessing the feasibility of developing SSOM processing facilities. User
specified reports can be generated easily. For example, if the user would like to know the
names, addresses, waste types and waste generation estimates for all of the generators within
a 2 mile radius of downtown Worcester, a query can be run and the information printed out
immediately. An accompanying map of the area can also be readily created with major roads,
local roads or a topographical map base.
With these capabilities, the SSOM database and mapping system is a tool that will provide
planners, SSOM recyclers, and waste haulers with valuable spatial and tabular information to
facilitate important decisions regarding the identification, collection and processing of organic
waste.
Creation of Access Database
The SSOM generator data were obtained and edited by Draper/Lennon Inc. Each data source
had slightly different column headings and specific facility type information, such as, 'number of
beds' for hospitals and 'number of inmates' for prisons. The data were standardized with the
most common headings and the pertinent site-specific headings. Additional columns
associated with the waste generation were added. These columns include waste types
(WasteTypes), waste quantity generated (GenerationEstimate), and current disposal practices
(Disposition). Columns for facility location information in latitude and longitude, and state plane
X and Y coordinate systems were also added.
The database, named 'SSOM_Database', contains one MS-Access database table titled
'SSOM_Generators', for the SSOM generators, and two queries associated with this table.
Appendix C contains the complete listing of database field names and their formats. Important
identifying codes created for the Access database include: Category Code (CatCode), which
identifies the general facility group for each establishment (e.g., institutions/college = IC, food
manufacturers = F, etc.); Facility Code (DEPCode), a unique identifier for each facility in the
database; and Data Source Code (SCode), for specific numbering based on the data source
(Appendix B, Table 2).
The queries were designed for each of these data tables to allow for the review of user-
specified data. These queries contain all of the respective table information. Typical query
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix B
criteria expressions such as equal to, greater than and less than can be applied to any field in
the data table. Multiple criteria can also be applied, such as: Town = 'Springfield' and Waste
Quantity >'1,000'. The queries are linked to the GIS mapping platform, so the datasets returned
from these queries will be reflected in the GIS maps produced.
Creation of GIS Base-Map Data
The software used for this project's GIS mapping is ArcView version 3.2a, a product from the
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI).
The GIS data used and developed for the project is projected on the Massachusetts (Mainland)
State Plane coordinate system in meters, using the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83).
This is the standard system used by MassGIS and MADEP. Each data point is coded with
information specified in the Draft MADEP GIS 'Point Data Documentation Standards - January
1, 2002'. All of the GIS data generated by this project is Development Level Data and is named
and coded as such.
Base-map data allow the user to orient the project data in reference to existing spatial
information. The base-map data layers consist of state and town boundaries and two data
layers carrying information about Massachusetts roads and highways. The state and town
boundary layer is located in the following directory: …\Basemap\Town Boundaries\townsp1.shp.
One of the road network layers is the MassGIS small- scale road data located in the directory
titled …\Basemap\Road\majmhda1.shp. This road data is used for small-scale, countywide and
statewide mapping. For the larger scale maps, the 2000 TIGER/Line road data (compiled by
the U.S. Census Bureau) is used to allow for detailed viewing of local roads. The TIGER road
data is located in the directory …\Basemap\Road\allroadstgr.shp. The viewing scale at which
the road base-maps change is set to 1:100,000.
Since the SSOM generator data is referenced to the same coordinate system as other MassGIS
data, any of the state data layers, such as the USGS topographic maps, can be also used for
the base map layers.
GIS Data Layer Development
The SSOM generator locations in latitude-longitude coordinates were obtained from the original
data source, by an address matching/geo-coding process, or by on-screen digitizing from digital
USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic maps. Address matching applies existing geo-referenced
road data that contains street number and name information on every road in the United States,
including street address numbers and direction and odd versus even sides of the road, to
determine approximate locations. The GIS software is able to search all of this road data to find
the most logical location for a given address, and record this in latitude-longitude coordinates.
Address matching was performed with proprietary geo-referenced road line data maintained by
Geographic Data Technology, Inc. (GDT) and with 2000 TIGER/Line data. For representation
on the GIS maps, the geo-coded locations were projected from latitude/longitude to the
Massachusetts (Mainland) State Plane - meters coordinate system on the NAD83 Datum. The
coordinates are included in the database in latitude/longitude by decimal degrees and in X and
Y coordinates to the nearest meter.
All of the generators were submitted to GDT for address matching with the geo-coding process.
Approximately 7.3% of the data did not match to the street address level of coding with GDT
street data. Un-matched data were reviewed for address accuracy, edited where possible, and
resubmitted to GDT. Address matching with the TIGER/Line data was attempted with the
remaining unmatched data. If the unmatched data had coordinates from the original data
source, they were used and coded appropriately. The generators that did not match to the
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix B
street address and could did not have original coordinates were assigned zip-code centroid
locations as provided by GDT.
Some of the generators that were not successfully located with the geo-coding process and did
not have original coordinates were accurately mapped using USGS topographic maps. This
was particularly effective for schools that were labeled on the USGS maps.
The locations of most of hospitals and prisons were provided by the existing MADEP GIS data.
17 of the 126 hospitals that were not included in the MADEP data were address-matched by
GDT.
The description and collection method of the location data for each SSOM generating
establishment is recorded in the database in the fields named 'L_Type' and 'L_Meth'
respectively, with the codes shown in Appendix A, Table 1.
Of the 2479 SSOM generators, not including restaurants, mapped in this project, 2165 were
geo-coded to the street address. 130 facilities were mapped with the coordinates provided from
the data source. 13 facility locations were corrected with USGS topographic maps and 30
facility locations were located to the most probable location along the known street. Nine
facilities were located to the centroid of the five-digit zip code, and two were located to the
centroid of the five-plus-two zip code. Also included in the database are 3320 restaurants. Of
these, 3107 restaurants were located by address matching, 212 by their provided coordinates,
and 1 by its 5-digit zip code centroid.
Generator Characterization
Table 2, summarizes the category codes and related information stored for ten categories of
generators held in the generator database.
Waste Type Characterization
All SSOM generators have been categorized according to the type(s) of waste they generate,
and these waste types are coded in the Access database. The twelve waste types recorded in
the database are presented in Table 3. These waste codes can be used to produce waste type
maps.
Current Management Characterization
The database field 'Disposition' contains codes to identify the current organic waste disposal
practices. They are 'R' for Recycle, 'T' for Trash, and 'U' for Unknown. This code is queried
from the GIS to retrieve facilities that recycle.
Results
Generator and Waste Type Maps
Three maps were generated for this report. Map 1 and 3 identify the large quantity generators
as defined by criteria: greater than 83 tons/year for all facilities where generation rates could be
estimated, and greater than $10 million in sales for food and beverage manufacturers and
wholesalers where waste generation rates could not be derived. These criteria where
established by targeting the top 20% of the total number of generators.
GIS ArcView Shapefiles
Eighteen shapefiles (.shp) were created with the current data for each generator category and
each waste type. Legend files (.avl) were created for the generator categories and the waste
types. The legend files are based on facility types and generation quantity. These files will not
change with respect to database modifications. The shapefile names and associated legend
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix B
files are listed in Table 4. All of the data present in the database is contained in the shapefile
named ssom_generators_uc.shp.
Table 1
Location Data Codes
L_Meth* L_Type* Description Number
Location data from the original generator data
provider. Original coordinates used if address
XY_4 CB2 342
information was not complete or if GDT did not
provide matched data.
Location obtained by address matching the street
AM_1 AM addresses with geo-coded street maps. Service 5272
provided by GDT, Inc.
Facility locations confirmed with USGS topographical
DD_1 CB maps where possible. This was especially effective 13
with schools and hospitals.
Location estimated with street information, either by
street and address number where number was not a
AM_3 AM street data option; or by street where street was 30
relatively short and topographic information supported
location.
AM_4 AM Location recorded as the centroid of the 5+4 digit Zip 0
Code
AM_5 AM Location recorded as the centroid of the 5+2 digit Zip 2
Location recorded as the centroid of the 5 digit Zip
AM_6 AM 10
Code
* Codes follow the MADEP GIS draft 'Point Data Documentation Standards - January 1, 2002'. L_Meth
codes AM_4, AM_5 and AM_6 do not exist in this draft of standards.
The MADEP standard field 'L_SRC_1' is used to code the primary location source of the data.
Draper/Lennon, Inc compiled the address data for this project from various data providers, thus the
code used in this field is 'DB_CONT' to indicate a contractor provided the database.
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix B
Table 2
SSOM Generator Characterization (CatCode) in Access Database
Generator Category CatCode Notes
Food Manufacturers/Processors Labeled by SIC code into 34 categories.
F
Beverage Man./Processors Legend with sales code indicates size.
W Labeled by SIC code into 6 categories.
Wholesalers/Distributors
Legend with sales code indicates size
Health Care Facilities IH DEPCode beginning with ‘H’ denotes
healthcare facility
Colleges/Universities IC DEPCode beginning with ‘C’ denotes college
or university
Independent Preparatory Schools IS DEPCode beginning with ‘S’ denotes
independent school
Correctional Facilities IP DEPCode beginning with ‘P’ denotes
correctional facility
Resort/Conference Facilities C DEPCode beginning with ‘I’ denotes
resort/conference facility
Supermarkets/Grocery Stores G Code in LocType field denotes whether part
of a supermarket chain (‘SC’) or an
independent market (‘S’)
Restaurants R SIC8Name specifies the type of restaurant
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix B
Table 3
Waste Type Codes in the SSOM Generator Access Database
Waste Type Waste Code
Meat M
Fish F
Vegetable / Fruit V
Sugar, Starch, Confectionery, Chocolate S
Grains from beer; Skins/Pulp from vineyards A
Dairy D
Bakery B
Pasta P
Snack Food J
Institutional Kitchen I
Supermarket/Grocery Waste G
Restaurant R
Other X
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix B
Table 4
Shapefiles and Legend File Names
GIS Shapefile Name Legend File Name
ssom_generators_uc.shp ssom_generators-_uc.avl
food_uc.shp food_uc.avl
wholesalers_uc.shp wholesalers_uc.avl
institutions_uc.shp institutions_uc.avl
institutewaste_uc.avl
resorts_uc.avl
resorts_uc.shp
resortwaste_uc.avl
restaurants_uc.shp restaurants_uc.avl
meatwaste_uc.shp meatwaste_uc.avl
fishwaste_uc.shp fishwaste_uc.avl
vegwaste_uc.shp vegwaste_uc.avl
bwwaste_uc.shp bwwaste_uc.avl
dairywaste_uc.shp dairywaste_uc.avl
sugstrchwaste
sugstrchwaste_uc.shp
_uc.shp
bakerywaste_uc.shp bakerywaste_uc.avl
pastawaste_uc.shp astawaste_uc.avl
snackwaste_uc.shp snackwaste_uc.avl
supermwaste_uc.avl
supermarkets_uc.shp
supermarkets_uc.avl
otherwaste_uc.shp otherwaste_uc.avl
lrgquantgenerators_uc.shp lrgquantgenerators_uc.avl
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix B
Appendix C
SSOM Generator Database Field Names And GIS Metadata
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix C
APPENDIX C
SSOM GENERATOR DATABASE FIELD NAMES AND GIS METADATA
The GIS shapefiles listed below contain the commercial and institutional generators of Source
Separated Organic Materials in Massachusetts at the time of publication (July 2002). The
generators are categorized as: Food and Beverage Manufacturers and Processors, Food
Wholesalers and Distributors, Institutions (Healthcare Facilities, Colleges/Universities,
Independent Schools and Prisons), Supermarkets, Resorts/Conference Facilities and
Restaurants.
The associated data tables were compiled from existing inventories of the food waste
generators. The facility coordinates were obtained by matching the street addresses with geo-
coded street maps. When address information did not match road data, the coordinates
provided with the business data were used. The accuracy of the points is dependent on the
accuracy of the particular geo-coded roads and the proximity of the actual building to the street
address. Codes for the geo-referencing methods are included in the attribute data fields named
'L_Meth' and 'L_Type'. Use of these datalayers is intended for general state or town based
assessments only, since the spatial accuracy may be less than is necessary for large-scale
mapping.
Generator Points
Data Type: Feature
Feature Type: Point
Data Format: Shapefile
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix C
Theme Attribute Table
Field Name Description Type Units Size
Category Letter Identifier of
CatCode String 10
Code Generator Type
Manufacturer Unique Identifier of CT
DEPCode String 10
Code SSOM Generator
SCode Source Code Source of Generator Data String 10
Business
Name Business Name String 100
Name
Mailing
Address Mailing Address String 72
Address
Town Mailing City Mailing City String 20
State Mailing State Mailing State String 2
Mailing Zip
MailZip9 Mailing Zip Code String 12
Code
Phone
Phone Phone Number String 20
Number
Executive Full Full Name of Business
ExecFull String 100
Name Executive
Exec Title Executive Title Executive Title String 100
Physical Physical Address of
PhyAdd String 72
Address Business
Physical City of Business
PhyCity Physical City String 20
Location
Physical State of Business
PhyState Physical State String 2
Location
Physical Zip 5 Digit Zip Code of
PhyZip5 Number 5
Code (5) Business Location
Physical Zip Plus 4 Zip Code of
PhyPlus4 Number 4
Plus 4 Business Location
Longitude Coordinate of Decimal
Long Longitude Number Double
Business Degrees
Latitude Coordinate of Decimal
Lat Latitude Number Double
Business Degrees
X Coordinate (State Plane
XCoord X Coordinate Number Meters Double
- NAD83)
Y Coordinate (State Plane
YCoord Y Coordinate Number Meters Double
- NAD83)
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix C
Field Name Description Type Units Size
SIC 4 Digit Standard Industrial Long
SIC4 Number
Code Classification Integer
SIC 4 Name Standard Industrial
SIC4Name String 100
Classification Description
SIC 8 Digit Standard Industrial
SIC8 String 12
Code Classification
SIC 8 Digit Standard Industrial
SIC8Name String 100
Code Classification Description
SalesCode Sales Code Sales Range by Code String 10
Employee # Coded Number of
EmplCode 10
Code Employees
Type of Location (single
LocType Location Type location, headquarters, String 20
branch plant, etc…)
Inmates for Prison
Number of
category Students for Long
Inmates_Students Inmates or Number
Colleges and Independent Integer
Students
Schools categories
Day(D) or Type of facility services -
Day_Brd String 10
Boarding(B) day or boarding
Number of beds/seats in
Number of
Beds_Seats Healthcare Facilities and Number Double
Beds
Resorts/ConfCtrs
Number of meals per
Number of
student in
Meals/Student Meals per Number Double
College/University
Student
category
Number of Number of meals per bed
Meals/Bed Number Double
Meals per Bed in Healthcare and Resorts
Number of meals per day
Number of in College/University,
Meal/Day Number Double
Meals per Day Healthcare and
Resort/ConfCtr Facilities
Amount of
Weight of waste generated
Waste/Meal Waste per Number Double
per meal
Meal
Units of Waste
PerMealUnits Units of Waste per Meal String 10
per Meal
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix C
Field Name Description Type Units Size
Type of waste
WasteType See waste type codes String 10
by code
Quantity of
WasteQuantity Quantity of waste per unit Number Double
waste
Units_WasteQuantity Units Units of Waste Quantity String 10
Estimate of annual food
Waste
waste generation. Based
GenerationEstimate Generation Number Double
on WasteQuantity
Estimate
calculations
Units of Waste Generation
Units_Generation Units String 20
Estimate. Typically tons/yr.
How Food Waste is
Disposition Disposition String 10
Disposed
MADEP
Region DEP GIS Standard Code String 4
Region
L_TYPE Location Type What the point represents Sting 4
Method used to locate
Location
L_METH feature (i.e., AM_1= String 4
Method
Address Matched)
Primary
Primary source of the
L_SRC_1 Source String 30
location data
Location
Developer Person responsible for
L_STAFF String 16
Name locating the site
Developer Program affiliation of the
L_PROG String 16
Program staff-person
Automation Date the feature was
L_DATE String 8
Date located/automated in GIS
Comments (i.e.,
L_COMM Comments description of data source String 40
or)
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix C
Horizontal Coordinate System
Coordinate System State Plane Coordinate System of 1983
State Plane Zone Massachusetts (Mainland - 2001)
Horizontal Datum North American Datum of 1983 (NAD
83)
Map Projection Lambert Conformal Conic
Spheriod GRS 80
Map Scale
Map Units Meters
Point of Contact
Contact Person Brian Brodeur
Organization State of Massachusetts Department of
Environmental Protection Environmental
Geographic Information
Mailing Address One Winter St, Boston, MA 02108
Phone (617)574-6802
Fax
Email
Facility Category Codes
CatCode Category Description
F Food and Beverage Manufacturers/Processors
W Wholesale Distributors
IH Institutions -Healthcare Facilities
IS Institutions -Independent Schools
IC Institutions -Colleges/Universities
IP Institutions -Correctional Facilities
C Resorts and Conference Facilities
G Supermarkets and Grocery Stores
R Restaurants
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix C
Location Documentation Codes
L_METH L_TYPE Description
Location obtained by address matching the street addresses with
AM_1 AM
geo-coded street maps. Service provided by GDT, Inc.
Location obtained by the original generator data provider. Original
coordinates used if address information was not complete or if GDT
XY_4 CB2 did not provide matched data. Exception with wholesale and
supermarket data - most original location used since close
comparison was determined with GDT results (8 to 140 ft)
Facility locations confirmed with USGS topographical maps where
DD_1 CB
possible. This was especially effective with schools and hospitals.
Location estimated with street information, either by street and
address number where number was not a street data option; or by
AM_3 AM
street where street was relatively short and topographic information
supported location.
AM_4 AM Location provided as the centroid of the 5+4 digit Zip Code (2)
AM_5 AM Location provided as the centroid of the 5+2 digit Zip Code (2)
AM_6 AM Location provided as the centroid of the 5 digit Zip Code (5)
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix C
Sales Codes
A <$499K
B $500K - $999K
C $1.0M - $2.49M
D $2.5M - $4.9M
E $5.0M - $9.9M
F $10.0M - $24.9M
G $25.0M - $49.9M
H $50.0M - $99.9M
I $100.0M - $499.9M
J >500.0M
U Unknown
Employment Codes
Code Number of Employees
A 0-4
B 5-9
C 10-24
D 25-49
E 50-99
F 100-249
G 250-499
H 500-999
I 1000-2499
U Unknown
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix C
Waste Type Code
Waste Type Code Description
A Grains from beer, skins/pulp from vineyards
B Bakery
D Dairy
F Fish
G Supermarket, grocery store
Institutional kitchen (schools, healthcare
I
facilities, prisons, resort/conference facilities)
J Snack food
M Meat
P Pasta
R Restaurant
S Sugar, starch, confectionery, chocolate
V Vegetable
X Other
Disposition Code
Disposition Code Description
R Recycle Organic Waste (i.e., compost, pig farm, etc…)
T Trash
U Unknown
Massachusetts Food Waste Characterization and Mapping Appendix C
Annual Production Daily Production
CATCODE NAME TOWN SIC8NAME Type of Waste (wet tons/yr) (wet lbs/d) ADDRESS MAILZIP9 PHONE EXECFULL EXECTITLE PHYADD PHYTOWN PHYSTATE PHYZIP5 PHYPLUS4 SIC8
W Marine Gold Cuisine Inc Fairhaven Fish and seafoods F 0 0 16 Sconticut Neck Rd 02719-1914 508-996-4508 Mr. Desmond Boylan President 16 Sconticut Neck Rd Fairhaven MA 02719 1914 5146-0000
R 99 Restaurant & Pub Fairhaven American restaurant R 75 411 32 Sconticut Neck Rd 02719-1914 508-992-9951 Mr. Jim Walsh Manager 32 Sconticut Neck Rd Fairhaven MA 02719 1914 5812-0101
W Taylor Seafood Fairhaven Fish and seafoods F 0 0 35 Causeway Rd 02719-2233 508-990-0591 Mr. Rodman Taylor President 35 Causeway Rd Fairhaven MA 02719 2233 5146-0000
R Margarets Restaurant Inc Fairhaven Eating places R 30 164 16 Main St 02719-2934 508-992-9942 Mr. Douglas Isaksen Owner 16 Main St Fairhaven MA 02719 2934 5812-0000
W Mac Leans Seafoods Fairhaven Fish, fresh F 0 0 Union Wharf 02719 508-999-1502 Mr. David Horton President Union Wharf Fairhaven MA 02719 5146-9902
R May Wah Restaurant Fairhaven Chinese restaurant R 18 99 51 Main St 53 02719-2937 508-992-8668 Mr. Anthony Mark Partner 51 Main St 53 Fairhaven MA 02719 2937 5812-0103
IH Our Lady's Haven Fairhaven I 58 316 71 Center St 02719-3822 Mr. Manuel Benezides Principal 71 Center St Fairhaven MA 02719 3822
F Wes Stan Inc Fairhaven Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 46 Middle St 02719-3086 508-999-6697 Mr. Ralph Parsons Owner 46 Middle St Fairhaven MA 02719 3086 2092-0000
W Acushnet Fish Corp Fairhaven Fish and seafoods F 0 0 46 Middle St 02719-3086 508-997-7481 Mr. Ralph Parsons President 46 Middle St Fairhaven MA 02719 3086 5146-0000
W M&B Sea Products Inc Fairhaven Fish and seafoods F 0 0 46 Middle St 02719-3086 508-979-1020 Mr. Herman Bruce President 46 Middle St Fairhaven MA 02719 3086 5146-0000
R Fairhaven Chowder House Fairhaven Seafood restaurants R 42 230 1 David Drown Blvd 02719-1946 508-996-4100 Mr. Robert Clarkson Owner 1 David Drown Blvd Fairhaven MA 02719 1946 5812-0700
G Super Shaws Fairhaven Supermarkets, chain G 375 2055 11 Berdon Way 02719-4643 508-993-9996 Mark Morad Manager 11 Berdon Way Fairhaven MA 02719 4643 5411-0101
R Newport Creamery Inc Fairhaven Family restaurants R 45 247 33 Berdon Way 02719-4643 508-994-6800 Mr. Louie Ferreira Branch Manager 33 Berdon Way Fairhaven MA 02719 4643 5812-0500
R Taco Bell Fairhaven Fast-food restaurant, chain R 30 164 33 Alden Rd 02719-4638 781-769-8900 Mr. Roger Lockwood President 33 Alden Rd Fairhaven MA 02719 4638 5812-0307
R Courtyard Kitchen Fairhaven Family restaurants R 45 247 270 Huttleston Ave 02719-1605 508-991-7452 Mr. Matt Gamache Owner 270 Huttleston Ave Fairhaven MA 02719 1605 5812-0500
G Stop & Shop Fairhaven Supermarkets, chain G 318 1745 221 Huttleston Avenue 02719 221 Huttleston Avenue Fairhaven MA 02719 5411-0101
R Mikes Fairhaven Italian restaurant R 60 329 390 Huttleston Ave 02719-5625 508-996-9810 Mr. Michael Cormier President 390 Huttleston Ave Fairhaven MA 02719 5625 5812-0108
R Wendys Fairhaven Fast-food restaurant, chain R 60 329 7 Fairhaven Commons Way 02719-4628 508-999-4407 Ms. Karen Vera Manager 7 Fairhaven Commons Way Fairhaven MA 02719 4628 5812-0307
R Huttleston House Inc Fairhaven Restaurant, family: independent R 38 205 Drawer D12 02719-0720 508-999-1791 Mr. Mark Bobola President 111 Huttleston Ave Fairhaven MA 02719 3127 5812-0502
F Dorothy Cox Chocolates Fairhaven Candy and other confectionery produ S 0 0 115 Huttleston Ave 02719-3127 508-996-2465 Mr. Francis Cox President 115 Huttleston Ave Fairhaven MA 02719 3127 2064-0000
F Cox Fairhaven Chocolate and cocoa products S 0 0 115 Huttleston Ave 02719 508-996-2465 Mr. Francis J Cox Jr President 115 Huttleston Ave Fairhaven MA 02719 2066-0000
R Blimpie Fairhaven Eating places R 21 115 177 Huttleston Ave 02719-4620 508-997-0505 Mr. David Silvia President 177 Huttleston Ave Fairhaven MA 02719 4620 5812-0000
R Pasta House Fairhaven Eating places R 45 247 100 Alden Rd 02719-4721 508-993-9913 Mr. John Raikkonen President 100 Alden Rd Fairhaven MA 02719 4721 5812-0000
R Jakes Diner Inc Fairhaven Diner R 18 99 102 Alden Rd 02719-4721 508-990-7786 Mr. James Kalife President 102 Alden Rd Fairhaven MA 02719 4721 5812-9907
R Phoenix Restaurant Fairhaven Eating places R 29 156 140 Huttleston Ave 02719-4614 508-996-1441 Ms. Sarah Simmons Owner 140 Huttleston Ave Fairhaven MA 02719 4614 5812-0000
IH Nichols House Nursing Fairhaven I 53 289 184 Main St 02719-3259 Mr. David Jasinski Manager 184 Main St Fairhaven MA 02719 3259
F MISB Inc Fairhaven Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 30 Beach St 02719 508-992-2115 Mr. Mark Wright President 30 Beach St Fairhaven MA 02719 2092-0000
F MSB CO Fairhaven Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 PO Box 602 02719-0602 508-992-2115 Mr. Mark Wright Owner 30 Beach St Fairhaven MA 02719 3316 2092-0000
IH Alden Court Nursing Home Fairhaven I 70 384 389 Alden Road 02719 508-991-8600 389 Alden Road Fairhaven MA 02719
W Sharrocks Bakery Fairhaven Bakery products B 0 0 410 Main St 02719-3452 508-997-5710 Mr. Henry De Jesus Partner 410 Main St Fairhaven MA 02719 3452 5149-0701
Fairhaven Total 1429 7829
R Century House Inc Acushnet Caterers R 98 534 P O Box 30107 02743-0107 508-995-3221 Mr. Manuel Goulart President 107 S Main St Acushnet MA 02743 2838 5812-9903
R Pop Caseys Lunch Acushnet Luncheonette R 23 123 141 S Main St 02743-2722 508-995-8163 Mr. Roland Castonguay Owner 141 S Main St Acushnet MA 02743 2722 5812-0403
R Blue Point Restuant Acushnet Eating places R 17 90 6 Dayton St 02743-2127 508-995-9600 Mr. David Ricardi President 6 Dayton St Acushnet MA 02743 2127 5812-0000
W White Bros Allstar Acushnet Milk D 0 0 211 Middle Rd 02743-2017 508-995-1717 Mr. David White President 211 Middle Rd Acushnet MA 02743 2017 5143-0100
R Rochelles Restaurant Acushnet American restaurant R 15 82 586 Main St 02743-1513 508-985-3055 Ms. Rochelle St Jean President 586 Main St Acushnet MA 02743 1513 5812-0101
R Country Whip Acushnet Ice cream stands or dairy bars R 17 90 1173 Main St 02743-1105 508-763-8051 Mr. Robert Martin President 1173 Main St Acushnet MA 02743 1105 5812-0203
Acushnet Total 168 921
F Cliffstar Corp Dartmouth Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 65 Chase Rd 02747-1005 508-763-3515 Mr. Jonathan Ashley Manager 65 Chase Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 1005 2033-0500
F Agritech Purchase Inc Dartmouth Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 252 Elm St 02748-3420 508-999-1339 Mr. Ralph Pope President 252 Elm St Dartmouth MA 02748 3420 2092-0000
W Cape Quality Seafood Ltd Dartmouth Fish, fresh F 0 0 657 Dartmouth St 02748-3006 508-996-6724 Mr. Norval Stanley President 657 Dartmouth St Dartmouth MA 02748 3006 5146-9902
IH Brandon Woods - Dartmouth Dartmouth I 58 318 767 Dartmouth Street 02748 767 Dartmouth Street Dartmouth MA 02748
W State Fruit Co Inc Dartmouth Fruits, fresh V 0 0 2 McCabe St. 02748-1612 508-993-0788 Mr. Anthony Karalekas President 2 McCabe St. Dartmouth MA 02748 1612 5148-0102
G Super Shaws Dartmouth Supermarkets, chain G 414 2268 15 State Rd 02747-3317 508-993-9995 Joe Ferreira Manager 15 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 3317 5411-0101
F New York Bagel Co Dartmouth Bagels, fresh or frozen B 0 0 239 State Rd 02747-2612 508-990-3350 Mr. Steve Ginsberg Principal 239 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 2612 2051-0101
G Stop & Shop Dartmouth Supermarkets, chain G 305 1673 25 Fauce Corner Road 02747 25 Fauce Corner Road Dartmouth MA 02747 5411-0101
IC Southern New England School of Law Dartmouth I 3 16 333 Faunce Corner Road 02747 508-998-9600 Mr. Robert Ward President 333 Faunce Corner Road Dartmouth MA 02747
F Gaspars Linguica Company Dartmouth Sausages, from purchased meat M 0 0 384 Faunce Corner Rd 02747-1257 508-998-2012 Mr. Fernando Gaspar President 384 Faunce Corner Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 1257 2013-0304
Dartmouth Total 781 4277
R Big Top Kiddie Playland & Rest Fall River Eating places R 30 164 39m Bishop St 02721-4401 508-675-4800 Mr. Steven Becker President 39m Bishop St Fall River MA 02721 4401 5812-0000
R Joes Family Restaurant Inc Fall River Caterers R 21 115 366 Mariano Bishop Blvd 02721-2206 508-675-2255 Mr. Ferris Ganem President 366 Mariano Bishop Blvd Fall River MA 02721 2206 5812-9903
G Super Shaws Fall River Supermarkets, chain G 315 1726 465 William S Canning Blv 02721-2341 508-674-8445 Jerry Buts Manager 465 William S Canning Blv Fall River MA 02721 2341 5411-0101
R Papa Ginos Fall River Italian restaurant R 53 288 340 Mariano Bishop Blvd 02721-2328 508-675-1100 Ms. Wendy Adriano Manager 340 Mariano Bishop Blvd Fall River MA 02721 2328 5812-0108
IH Southcoast Nursing Fall River I 75 410 100 Amity Street 02721 100 Amity Street Fall River MA 02721
R Bickfords Family Fare Fall River Restaurant, family: chain R 45 247 211 Mariano Bishop Blvd 02721-2349 508-677-0255 Mr. Lyn Medeiros Manager 211 Mariano Bishop Blvd Fall River MA 02721 2349 5812-0501
R Taco Bell Fall River Fast-food restaurant, chain R 30 164 195 Mariano Bishop Blvd 02721-2349 781-769-8900 Mr. Roger Lockwood President 195 Mariano Bishop Blvd Fall River MA 02721 2349 5812-0307
R McGoverns Fall River Restaurant, family: independent R 90 493 310 Shove St 02724-2018 508-679-5010 Mr. Paul McGovern President 310 Shove St Fall River MA 02724 2018 5812-0502
R Friendlys Fall River Restaurant, family: chain R 83 452 73 Mariano Bishop Blvd 02721-2346 508-673-0891 Mr. Thomas Ward Manager 73 Mariano Bishop Blvd Fall River MA 02721 2346 5812-0501
R Wendys Fall River Fast-food restaurant, chain R 60 329 35 Mariano Bishop Blvd 02721-2346 508-674-1740 Mr. Joe Matt Manager 35 Mariano Bishop Blvd Fall River MA 02721 2346 5812-0307
R Burger King Fall River Fast-food restaurant, chain R 90 493 Harbor Mall RR 81 02721 508-678-9400 Mr. Donald Paquette Manager Harbor Mall RR 81 Fall River MA 02721 5812-0307
R McDonalds Fall River Fast-food restaurant, chain R 95 518 44 William S Canning Blvd 02721-2338 508-678-0300 Ms. Holly Viera Manager 44 William S Canning Blvd Fall River MA 02721 2338 5812-0307
R New England House of Pizza Fall River Eating places R 15 82 210 Tucker St 02721-2334 508-675-7459 Evangelos Giotis Owner 210 Tucker St Fall River MA 02721 2334 5812-0000
R Dominos Pizza Fall River Pizza restaurants R 21 115 390 Rhode Island Ave 02721-2369 508-677-3330 Mr. Steve Ganion Manager 390 Rhode Island Ave Fall River MA 02721 2369 5812-0600
R McDonalds Fall River Fast-food restaurant, chain R 75 411 1853 S Main St 02724-2137 508-675-6411 Ms. Debra Souza Manager 1853 S Main St Fall River MA 02724 2137 5812-0307
R Mee Sum Rest & Cocktail Lounge Fall River Eating places R 18 99 1819 S Main St 02724-2137 508-678-9869 Mr. Kenneth Mark President 1819 S Main St Fall River MA 02724 2137 5812-0000
IH Southcoast Nursing Fall River I 67 364 455 Brayton Ave 02721-3660 Mr. Robert Thoreau Manager 455 Brayton Ave Fall River MA 02721 3660
F Gold Medal Bakery Inc Fall River Bread, all types; fresh or frozen B 0 0 P O Box I 02724-0391 508-674-5766 Mr. John Lecomte Chairman of the Board 21 Penn St Fall River MA 02724 1276 2051-0103
G Amarals Central Market Fall River Grocery stores, independent G 15 82 873 Globe St 02724-3248 508-674-8042 Juvenilia Amaral President 873 Globe St Fall River MA 02724 3248 5411-9905
W Chace Seafood Corp Fall River Seafoods F 0 0 469 Alden St 02723-1817 508-674-0560 Vasco Camara President 469 Alden St Fall River MA 02723 1817 5146-9904
W Medeiros Bakery Inc Fall River Bakery products B 0 0 822 Eastern Ave 02723-2804 508-672-9059 Mr. Carlos Medeiros President 822 Eastern Ave Fall River MA 02723 2804 5149-0701
F Janko Beverage Systems Inc Fall River Carbonated beverages, nonalcoholic X 0 0 113 Hall St 02724-2613 508-672-7421 Jan Kosinski President 113 Hall St Fall River MA 02724 2613 2086-0301
W Lisbon Seafood Company Fall River Fish and seafoods F 0 0 1428 S Main St 02724-2604 508-672-3617 Mr. Victor Dasilva President 1428 S Main St Fall River MA 02724 2604 5146-0000
F Acorean Manufacturing Fall River Sausages and other prepared meats M 0 0 210 Alden St 02723-1805 508-678-2098 Mr. Antonio Nunes Partner 210 Alden St Fall River MA 02723 1805 2013-0000
G Save A Lot Fall River Supermarkets, chain G 38 205 100 Griffin St 02724-2733 508-646-4095 Bill Blivens Manager 100 Griffin St Fall River MA 02724 2733 5411-0101
R Ogil Fall River Eating places R 21 115 913 County St 02723-3201 508-673-7250 Mr. Victor Fagunda President 913 County St Fall River MA 02723 3201 5812-0000
R Whites Spa Caterers Fall River Caterers R 21 115 240 Jencks St 02723-1702 508-673-7780 Mr. Roger La France President 240 Jencks St Fall River MA 02723 1702 5812-9903
R Mark You Restrnt Fall River American restaurant R 15 82 1236 Pleasant St 02723-1713 508-673-1181 Mr. Gary Hom President 1236 Pleasant St Fall River MA 02723 1713 5812-0101
IH St Anne's Hospital Fall River I 8 43 795 Middle Street, Third Fl 02721 795 Middle Street Fall River MA 02721
IH Saint Anne's Hospital Corporation Fall River I 86 468 795 Middle Street 02721 508-674-5741 795 Middle Street Fall River MA 02721
W Nasiff Fruit Company Fall River Fruits, fresh V 0 0 538 Plymouth Ave 02721-2922 508-672-4292 Ms. Marilyn Nasiff President 538 Plymouth Ave Fall River MA 02721 2922 5148-0102
R Dominos Pizza Fall River Pizza restaurants R 38 205 933 Pleasant St 02723-1000 508-672-3030 Mr. John Sloan President 933 Pleasant St Fall River MA 02723 1000 5812-0600
R Terra Nostra Restaurant Inc Fall River Eating places R 15 82 262 Rodman St 02721-2926 508-677-9878 Mr. Manny Cardoso President 262 Rodman St Fall River MA 02721 2926 5812-0000
F J Moniz CO Fall River Food preparations, nec X 0 0 91 Wordell St 02721-4307 508-674-8451 Mr. John Moniz Owner 91 Wordell St Fall River MA 02721 4307 2099-0000
R Tabacaria Acoriana Restaurant Fall River Restaurant, family: independent R 24 132 408 S Main St 02721-5323 508-673-5890 Mr. Alfred Alves Owner 408 S Main St Fall River MA 02721 5323 5812-0502
G Stop & Shop Fall River Supermarkets, chain G 361 1980 50 Rodman Street 02720 50 Rodman Street Fall River MA 02720 5411-0101
R Burger King Fall River Fast-food restaurant, chain R 57 312 66 Plymouth Ave 02721-4306 508-673-6272 Mr. Bryan Tobis Manager 66 Plymouth Ave Fall River MA 02721 4306 5812-0307
R KFC Fall River Fast-food restaurant, chain R 60 329 484 Pleasant St 02721-3020 508-676-1046 Ms. Paulett Irwin Manager 484 Pleasant St Fall River MA 02721 3020 5812-0307
W New England Muffin Co Inc Fall River Bakery products B 0 0 337 Pleasant St 02721-3000 508-675-2833 Ms. Filomena Botelho President 337 Pleasant St Fall River MA 02721 3000 5149-0701
R Dennys Fall River Restaurant, family: chain R 63 345 211 Milliken Blvd 02721-1604 508-674-5017 Ms. Marilyn Lopez Manager 211 Milliken Blvd Fall River MA 02721 1604 5812-0501
F Oriental Chow Mein Co Fall River Noodles (e.g. egg, plain, and water), P 0 0 42 8th St 02720-3014 508-675-7711 Mr. Frederick Wong President 42 8th St Fall River MA 02720 3014 2098-9902
R Dunkin Donuts Fall River Coffee shop R 23 123 15 Robeson St 02720-4924 508-672-9406 Mr. George Khoury President 15 Robeson St Fall River MA 02720 4924 5812-0304
IH Cummings Rehab/Nursing Care Ctr Fall River I 54 294 170 Oak Grove Ave 02723-2314 781-979-3727 Mr. Steven Berezuk Branch Manager 170 Oak Grove Ave Fall River MA 02723 2314
IH Sunbridge Care- Fall River Fall River I 50 276 170 Oak Grove Ave 02723 170 Oak Grove Ave Fall River MA 02723
R Water Street Cafe Fall River American restaurant R 15 82 36 Water St 02721-1542 508-672-8748 Ms. Jeanne Adillon Owner 36 Water St Fall River MA 02721 1542 5812-0101
IH Fall River Jewish Home Fall River I 31 168 538 Robeson Street 02720 538 Robeson Street Fall River MA 02720
IH Kimwell Health Care Center Fall River I 61 335 495 New Boston Rd 02720-5835 Mr. Arthur Taylor Principal 495 New Boston Rd Fall River MA 02720 5835
IH Charlton Memorial Hospital Fall River I 178 975 363 Highland Avenue 02720 508-679-3131 363 Highland Avenue Fall River MA 02720
R Regatta The Fall River Italian restaurant R 90 493 392 Davol St 02720-1004 508-679-4112 Mr. Walter Collins President 392 Davol St Fall River MA 02720 1004 5812-0108
G Daou Market Inc Fall River Supermarkets G 18 99 1678 President Ave 02720-7148 508-679-0500 Ghassan Daou President 1678 President Ave Fall River MA 02720 7148 5411-0100
R Newport Creamery Inc Fall River Family restaurants R 45 247 1670 President Ave 02720-7148 508-678-6346 Mr. Joe Baccaro Branch Manager 1670 President Ave Fall River MA 02720 7148 5812-0500
F Ginsco Inc Fall River Bagels, fresh or frozen B 0 0 1572 President Ave 02720-7148 508-677-4767 Mr. Steven Cohen Branch Manager 1572 President Ave Fall River MA 02720 7148 2051-0101
R Papa Ginos Fall River Italian restaurant R 53 288 307 Elsbree St 02720-7211 508-676-3037 Mr. Carlos Viera Manager 307 Elsbree St Fall River MA 02720 7211 5812-0108
IH Highland Manor Nursing Home Fall River I 54 294 761 Highland Ave 02720-3722 Mr. Michael Cummings President 761 Highland Ave Fall River MA 02720 3722
R Zitas Prtguese Amercn Cuisine Fall River American restaurant R 18 99 223 President Ave 02720-2633 508-678-7282 Ms. Kristina Dias President 223 President Ave Fall River MA 02720 2633 5812-0101
R Al Macs Diner & Restaurant Fall River Restaurant, family: independent R 36 197 135 President Ave 02720-2651 508-679-5851 Mr. Normand Gaughtier President 135 President Ave Fall River MA 02720 2651 5812-0502
IC Bristol Community College Fall River I 114 625 777 Elsbree St 02769 508-678-2811 Mr. John Sbreger President 777 Elsbree St Fall River MA 02769
F North End Provision Co Inc Fall River Sausages and other prepared meats M 0 0 544 N Underwood St 552 02720 508-679-6781 Mr. Ronald Furtado President 544 N Underwood St Fall River MA 02720 2013-0000
F Furtados Convenience Store Fall River Sausages, from purchased meat M 0 0 544 N Underwood St 552 02720-3912 508-679-6781 Mr. Ronald Furtado President 544 N Underwood St Fall River MA 02720 3912 2013-0304
F Furtados Chourico Linguication Fall River Sausages, from purchased meat M 0 0 552 N Underwood St 02720-3912 508-679-5900 Mr. Ronald Furtado President 552 N Underwood St Fall River MA 02720 3912 2013-0304
F Camaras Bakery Fall River Sausages and other prepared meats M 0 0 109 George St 02720-1125 508-672-3816 Aries Isidoro Partner 109 George St Fall River MA 02720 1125 2013-0000
F Miranda Brothers Inc Fall River Sausages and other prepared meats M 0 0 317 Lindsey St 02720 508-672-0982 Mr. Ronald Miranda President 317 Lindsey St Fall River MA 02720 2013-0000
F Michael's Provision CO Fall River Sausage Casings (Manufacturers) M 0 0 317 Lindsey St 02720-1132 508-672-0982 Mr. Ronald Miranda Owner 317 Lindsey St Fall River MA 02720 1132 2013-0101
IH Highland Manor Rest Home Fall River I 13 70 1748 Highland Street 02720-3722 1748 Highland Street Fall River MA 02720 3722
IH Catholic Memorial Home Fall River I 148 810 2446 Highland Street 02720 508-679-0011 2446 Highland Street Fall River MA 02720
F I Q F Custom Packing Inc Fall River Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 140 Waldron Rd 02720-4723 508-646-0400 Mr. Russell Young President 140 Waldron Rd Fall River MA 02720 4723 2092-0000
G Super Shaws Fall River Supermarkets, chain G 270 1479 4171 N Main St 02720-1647 508-677-0940 Jim Cunha Manager 4171 N Main St Fall River MA 02720 1647 5411-0101
R Pizza Etc Fall River Pizza restaurants R 15 82 4171 N Main St 02720-1647 508-677-1993 Mr. Mark Cardoza Owner 4171 N Main St Fall River MA 02720 1647 5812-0600
R T K OMalleys Sport Cafe Fall River Eating places R 90 493 P O Box 13 02720 508-324-0401 Mr. Walter Collins President 4171 N Main St Fall River MA 02720 1647 5812-0000
IH Sarah Brayton Nursing Home Fall River I 90 494 4901 North Main 02720 4901 North Main Fall River MA 02720
Fall River Total 3466 18991
Annual Production Daily Production
CATCODE NAME TOWN SIC8NAME Type of Waste (wet tons/yr) (wet lbs/d) ADDRESS MAILZIP9 PHONE EXECFULL EXECTITLE PHYADD PHYTOWN PHYSTATE PHYZIP5 PHYPLUS4 SIC8
R Shipyard Galley Inc Mattapoisett Caterers R 18 99 10 Waterman St 02739-2196 508-758-9408 Ms. Janice Spark President 10 Waterman St Mattapoisett MA 02739 2196 5812-9903
R Tokyo Restaurant Mattapoisett Eating places R 15 82 143 Fairhaven Rd 02739-1460 508-758-3400 Young Choi President 143 Fairhaven Rd Mattapoisett MA 02739 1460 5812-0000
R Silvestris Inc Mattapoisett Italian restaurant R 18 99 79 Fairhaven Rd 02739-1465 508-758-4000 Mr. Charles Silvestri President 79 Fairhaven Rd Mattapoisett MA 02739 1465 5812-0108
R Ajn Corp Mattapoisett Seafood restaurants R 36 197 P O Box 165 02739-0165 508-758-4782 Mr. Mark Koran President 20 County St Mattapoisett MA 02739 1579 5812-0700
R Mattapoisett Chowder House Mattapoisett Seafood restaurants R 23 123 20 County St 02739-1579 508-758-2333 Mr. Mark Koran Owner 20 County St Mattapoisett MA 02739 1579 5812-0700
R Cerullis Gourmet Foods Mattapoisett Cafe R 27 148 P O Box 1125 02739-0407 508-758-6111 Mr. John Cerulli Treasurer 33 County St Mattapoisett MA 02739 1554 5812-9902
IH Matt Apoiset Mattapoisett I 63 343 79 North St 02739-1614 508-420-1129 Ms. Linda Shamski President 79 North St Mattapoisett MA 02739 1614
R Uncle Johns Java House Mattapoisett Coffee shop R 15 82 P O Box 51 02739-0051 508-758-4540 Mr. Jonathan Pope Manager 88 North St Mattapoisett MA 02739 1604 5812-0304
Mattapoisett Total 214 1173
R ME & Eds New Bedford Seafood restaurants R 48 263 30 Brock Ave 02744-1204 508-993-9922 Mr. Jack Stellato President 30 Brock Ave New Bedford MA 02744 1204 5812-0700
R Smugglers Den New Bedford Eating places R 20 107 P O Box 40159 02744-0002 508-996-8227 Mr. Carl Pimental President 1494 E Rodney French Blvd New Bedford MA 02744 2230 5812-0000
W Clarks Cove Fish Co New Bedford Fish, fresh F 0 0 1497 Cove Rd 02740-1024 508-994-7371 Mr. Micheal Sylvia Owner 1497 Cove Rd New Bedford MA 02740 1024 5146-9902
F New Bedford Salchicharia Inc New Bedford Sausages and other prepared meats M 0 0 6 Rockdale Ave 02740 508-992-6257 Mr. Antonio J Umbelina President 6 Rockdale Ave New Bedford MA 02740 2013-0000
R Green Diner The New Bedford Diner R 21 115 22 Rockdale Ave 02740-1071 508-992-7385 Tsonis Paul President 22 Rockdale Ave New Bedford MA 02740 1071 5812-9907
G Hi-Lo Grocery Store New Bedford Grocery stores G 96 526 41 Rockdale Ave 02740-1072 508-991-2505 Ray Patalano Owner 41 Rockdale Ave New Bedford MA 02740 1072 5411-0000
R Burger King New Bedford Fast-food restaurant, chain R 47 255 1383 Cove Rd 02744-1041 508-997-4168 Ms. Rhonda Souza 1383 Cove Rd New Bedford MA 02744 1041 5812-0307
G De Mellos Market New Bedford Grocery stores, independent G 8 41 1275 Cove Rd 02744-1040 508-992-8879 Norbert De Mello Partner 1275 Cove Rd New Bedford MA 02744 1040 5411-9905
R MA Raffas Italian Restaurant New Bedford Italian restaurant R 38 205 85 Rockdale Ave 02740-1075 508-992-8467 Mr. Attilio Raffa President 85 Rockdale Ave New Bedford MA 02740 1075 5812-0108
R Mee Hong Restaurant New Bedford Chinese restaurant R 15 82 120 Cove St 02744-2531 508-992-8541 Mr. Andrew Mark Partner 120 Cove St New Bedford MA 02744 2531 5812-0103
F Silmo Milkmate Syrup New Bedford Flavoring extracts and syrups, nec X 0 0 97 Cove St 02744 508-996-8851 Mr. Gil Vieira President 97 Cove St New Bedford MA 02744 2087-0000
F Ocean Cliff Corp New Bedford Flavoring extracts and syrups, nec X 0 0 PO Box 6817 02742-6817 508-992-1962 Mr. G. Gregory White Owner 362 S Front St New Bedford MA 02740 5745 2087-0000
F M F Foley Inc New Bedford Fish, fresh: prepared F 0 0 P O Box 1806 02741-1806 508-997-0773 Mr. Michael Foley President 77 Wright St New Bedford MA 02740 7250 2092-9904
W Johns C Food New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 33 Wright St 02740-7250 508-992-2311 Mr. John Cunha Owner 33 Wright St New Bedford MA 02740 7250 5146-0000
F US Seafood Afventures Ltd New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 25 Wright St 02740-7250 508-979-1056 Mr. Thomas Slaughter President 25 Wright St New Bedford MA 02740 7250 2092-0000
W Bergies Seafood Inc New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 8 Hassey St 02740-7209 508-999-4447 Mr. Norval Stanley President 8 Hassey St New Bedford MA 02740 7209 5146-0000
F Double T Sea Foods New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 11 Hassey St 02740-7234 508-992-6561 Mr. David Tchorz Owner 11 Hassey St New Bedford MA 02740 7234 2092-0000
F Northern Wind Seafoods Inc New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 PO Box 40144 02744-0002 508-997-0727 Mr. Michael Fernandes President 16 Hassey St New Bedford MA 02740 7209 2092-0000
W Hygrade Ocean Products Inc New Bedford Seafoods F 0 0 86 Macarthur Dr 02740-7214 508-993-5700 Mr. Carmine Romano Chief Executive Officer 86 Macarthur Dr New Bedford MA 02740 7214 5146-9904
W JG Seafood Co Inc New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 38 Hassey St 02740-7209 508-984-1425 Mr. Kevin Galinha President 38 Hassey St New Bedford MA 02740 7209 5146-0000
W Tempest Fisheries Ltd New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 38 Hassey St 02740-7209 508-997-0720 Mr. Timothy Mello President 38 Hassey St New Bedford MA 02740 7209 5146-0000
W Sea Fresh of New Bedford Inc New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 14 South St 02740-7221 508-997-1260 Mr. John De Mello President 14 South St New Bedford MA 02740 7221 5146-0000
G Stop & Shop New Bedford Supermarkets, chain G 380 2079 438 Dartmouth St 02740-1115 508-993-1791 Brian Stamour Manager 438 Dartmouth St New Bedford MA 02740 1115 5411-0101
W Seatrade International New Bedford Fish, fresh F 0 0 8 South St 02740-7221 508-990-1161 Mr. Paul Neves Personnel-Human Resources 8 South St New Bedford MA 02740 7221 5146-9902
F Buzzards Bay Trading Co Inc New Bedford Seafoods, fresh: prepared F 0 0 49 Hassey St 02740-7210 508-996-0242 Ms. Sandra King President 49 Hassey St New Bedford MA 02740 7210 2092-9906
F U S Fresh Corp New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 62 Hassey St 02740-7209 508-991-5700 Mr. Paul Wehrlin President 62 Hassey St New Bedford MA 02740 7209 2092-0000
W Whaling Cy Sfood Display Auctn New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 62 Hassey St 02740-7209 508-990-0799 Mr. Kevin Ferreira President 62 Hassey St New Bedford MA 02740 7209 5146-0000
IH St. Luke's Hospital New Bedford I 228 1248 101 Page Street, PO Box H-02740 508-997-1515 101 Page Street New Bedford MA 02740
W Flynn Fisheries New Bedford Fish, frozen, unpackaged F 0 0 68 Conway St 02740-7204 508-984-1813 Mr. John Flynn President 68 Conway St New Bedford MA 02740 7204 5146-9903
IH Southcoast Hospitals Group New Bedford I 42 230 101 Page St 02740 101 Page St New Bedford MA 02740
F A & A Seafood Inc New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 7 Conway St 02740-7205 508-991-5886 Mr. David Pelitier President 7 Conway St New Bedford MA 02740 7205 2092-0000
F AML International New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 7 Conway St 02740 508-979-1210 Mr. Louis Julliard President 7 Conway St New Bedford MA 02740 2092-0000
F T Nick Seafood Inc New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 7 Conway St 02740-7205 508-991-4211 Mr. Thomas Bastoni Owner 7 Conway St New Bedford MA 02740 7205 2092-0000
F Tichon Sea Food New Bedford Fish, fresh: prepared F 0 0 P O Box 948 02741-0948 508-999-5607 Mr. Daniel Tichon Chairman of the Board 7 Conway St New Bedford MA 02740 7205 2092-9904
W Atlantic Choice Inc New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 7 Conway St 02740-7205 508-991-3612 Mr. Michael Telletier President 7 Conway St New Bedford MA 02740 7205 5146-0000
W Fleet Fisheries Inc New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 7 Conway St 02740-7205 508-996-3742 Mr. Lars Vinjerud President 7 Conway St New Bedford MA 02740 7205 5146-0000
W American Gem Seafood Inc New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 114 Macarthur Dr 02740-7216 508-999-5861 Sir or Madam President 114 Macarthur Dr New Bedford MA 02740 7216 5146-0000
F Atlantic Coast Fisheries Corp New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 33 Cape St 02740-7203 508-999-2993 Mr. Eugene Bergson Manager 33 Cape St New Bedford MA 02740 7203 2092-0000
IH Taber Street Nursing Home New Bedford I 28 151 19 Taber St 02740-2235 Mr. Mark Nussman Manager 19 Taber St New Bedford MA 02740 2235
IH New Bedford Jewish New Bedford I 39 216 200 Hawthorn Ave 02740 200 Hawthorn Ave New Bedford MA 02740
IH Blair House of New Bedford New Bedford I 67 364 397 Country Street 02740 397 County Street New Bedford MA 02740
F Homers Wharf Seafood Inc New Bedford Seafoods, fresh: prepared F 0 0 25 Homers Wharf 02740-7246 508-997-0766 Mr. Norman Stavis President 25 Homers Wharf New Bedford MA 02740 7246 2092-9906
F Cold Atlantic Seafood Inc New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 35 Homers Wharf 02740 508-996-3352 Mr. Enrique Gioni President 35 Homers Wharf New Bedford MA 02740 2092-0000
R KFC New Bedford Fast-food restaurant, chain R 45 247 506 County St 02740-5116 508-993-1789 Mr. Mike Flores Manager 506 County St New Bedford MA 02740 5116 5812-0307
R Riverhouse Grille New Bedford Eating places R 30 164 3 S Water St 02740-7236 508-999-6975 Mr. Tom Lafauci Owner 3 S Water St New Bedford MA 02740 7236 5812-0000
F Davidson's Meat Products New Bedford Meat Products M 0 0 424 S 2nd St 02740-5749 508-999-6293 Mr. Andy Davidson President 424 S 2nd St New Bedford MA 02740 5749 2011-0400
F Lisbon Sausage Manufacturing New Bedford Sausages and other prepared meats M 0 0 PO Box 2028 02741 508-993-7645 Mr. Antonio Rodrigues Owner 433 South 2nd St. New Bedford MA 02740 2013-0000
F Amarals Linguica New Bedford Sausages, from purchased meat M 0 0 P O Box 2208 02741 508-993-7645 Mr. Antonio Rodrigues President 433 S 2nd St New Bedford MA 02740 5764 2013-0304
F D Fillet Co Inc New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 PO Box 3069 02741 508-992-1533 Mr. Antone C DeMello III President 40 Union St. New Bedford MA 02741 2092-0000
R Angelos Orchid Diner New Bedford Diner R 24 132 805 Rockdale Ave 02740-2760 508-993-3172 Mr. Angelo Carvalho Owner 805 Rockdale Ave New Bedford MA 02740 2760 5812-9907
R Dominos Pizza New Bedford Pizza restaurants R 45 247 P O Box 40007 02744-0001 508-999-3123 Mr. Nelson Hockert-Lotz President 972 Kempton St New Bedford MA 02740 1523 5812-0600
R Freestone City Grill New Bedford Eating places R 63 345 41 William St 02740-6224 508-993-7477 Kerry Mitchell President 41 William St New Bedford MA 02740 6224 5812-0000
R Bamboo Garden The New Bedford Chinese restaurant R 15 82 836 Purchase St 02740-6232 508-993-2349 Ms. Lina Ng President 836 Purchase St New Bedford MA 02740 6232 5812-0103
R Newport Creamery Inc New Bedford Family restaurants R 39 214 1071 Kempton St 02740-1529 508-997-8383 Mr. Michael Fernandez Branch Manager 1071 Kempton St New Bedford MA 02740 1529 5812-0500
R Candleworks New Bedford Eating places R 45 247 72 N Water St 02740-6245 508-997-1294 Mr. Michael Rosa President 72 N Water St New Bedford MA 02740 6245 5812-0000
F Trio Algarvio Inc New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 P O Box 4028 02741-4028 508-993-5868 Ms. Kathy Downey President Green & Wood Pier New Bedford MA 02740 2092-0000
F Blount Sea Food New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 255 Macarthur Dr 02740-7300 508-996-1320 Mr. Sam Barrington President 255 Macarthur Dr New Bedford MA 02740 7300 2092-0000
F American Seafoods Intl Llc New Bedford Seafoods, frozen: prepared F 0 0 P O Box 2087 02741-2087 508-997-0031 Mr. Klaus Nygaard 40 Herman Melville Blvd New Bedford MA 02740 7344 2092-9907
W Hadley Group Ltd New Bedford Fish, frozen, unpackaged F 0 0 40 Herman Melville Blvd 02740-7344 508-990-2525 Mr. Mark Hadley President 40 Herman Melville Blvd New Bedford MA 02740 7344 5146-9903
W Sea Gold Seafood Products Inc New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 48 Antonio Costa Ave 02740-7346 508-993-3060 Mr. Michael Trazzera President 48 Antonio Costa Ave New Bedford MA 02740 7346 5146-0000
F J C Fishers Inc New Bedford Smoked and cured fish F 0 0 42 Antonio Costa Ave 02740-7346 508-991-8039 Mr. Joao Lopes Manager 42 Antonio Costa Ave New Bedford MA 02740 7346 2091-0100
W JC Fisheries Inc New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 42 Antonio Costa Ave 02740-7346 508-999-5920 Mr. Carlos Neves President 42 Antonio Costa Ave New Bedford MA 02740 7346 5146-0000
F Seawatch International Ltd New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 15 Antonio Costa Ave 02740-7347 508-984-1406 Mr. John Miller Manager 15 Antonio Costa Ave New Bedford MA 02740 7347 2092-0000
F Mar-Lees Seafood Inc New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 110 Herman Melville Blvd 02740-7344 508-991-6026 Mr. John Lees Owner 110 Herman Melville Blvd New Bedford MA 02740 7344 2092-0000
W Mar-Lees Seafood Inc New Bedford Seafoods F 0 0 110 Herman Melville Blvd 02740-7344 508-991-6026 Mr. John Lees President 110 Herman Melville Blvd New Bedford MA 02740 7344 5146-9904
F Atlantic Coast Fisheries Corp New Bedford Seafoods, frozen: prepared F 0 0 200r Herman Melville Blvd 02740-7344 508-993-1773 Mr. Harvey Lemovitz Chief Financial Officer 200 Herman Melville Blvd New Bedford MA 02740 7344 2092-9907
F Cape Cod Seafood Pdts Not Inc New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 300 Herman Melville Blvd 02740-7306 508-997-8144 Ms. Elizabeth Collins President 300 Herman Melville Blvd New Bedford MA 02740 7306 2092-0000
F Eastern Fisheries Inc New Bedford Fresh or frozen packaged fish F 0 0 14 Hervey Tichon Ave 02740 508-993-5300 Mr. Roy Enoksen President 14 Hervey Tichon Ave New Bedford MA 02740 2092-0000
IH Bedford Village Nursing Home New Bedford I 36 197 9 Pope St 02740-5425 508-997-3358 Mr. Michael Cummings President 9 Pope St New Bedford MA 02740 5425
IH Hallmark Nursing and Rehab Center New Bedford I 61 335 1123 Rockdale Avenue 02740 1123 Rockdale Avenue New Bedford MA 02740
IH Sacred Heart Nursing Home New Bedford I 107 586 359 Summer St 02740-5519 Ms. Jean Golitz Principal 359 Summer St New Bedford MA 02740 5519
R Riccardis Buffet Caterering New Bedford Italian restaurant R 75 411 901 Hathaway Rd 02740-1916 508-992-6800 Mr. Michael Riccardi President 901 Hathaway Rd New Bedford MA 02740 1916 5812-0108
IH Hathaway Manor New Bedford I 70 384 863 Hathaway Rd 02740-1916 Mr. Ken Persinko Administrator 863 Hathaway Rd New Bedford MA 02740 1916
W Fish Express Corporation New Bedford Fish and seafoods F 0 0 10 N Front St 02740-7327 508-984-3300 Mr. Santiago Freire President 10 N Front St New Bedford MA 02740 7327 5146-0000
W K & K Fishing Corporation Inc New Bedford Fish, cured F 0 0 84 Front St 02740-7262 508-274-3474 Mr. Lawrence Kavanagh President 84 Front St New Bedford MA 02740 7262 5146-9901
G Giammalvos Market New Bedford Grocery stores, independent G 11 58 1914 Purchase St 02740-6854 508-997-9373 James Giammalvo President 1914 Purchase St New Bedford MA 02740 6854 5411-9905
G New Bedford Ship Supply Co New Bedford Grocery stores, independent G 17 90 108 Front St 110 02740-7263 508-994-2961 Harriet Didriksen President 108 Front St 110 New Bedford MA 02740 7263 5411-9905
IH Kristen Beth Nursing Home New Bedford I 42 230 713 Shawmut Ave 02746-1227 413-625-2827 Mr. Marc Shpritzer Partner 713 Shawmut Ave New Bedford MA 02746 1227
W J T Sea Products Inc New Bedford Seafoods F 0 0 164 N Front St 02740-7333 508-999-2868 Mr. James Thompson President 164 N Front St New Bedford MA 02740 7333 5146-9904
F Kyler Seafood Inc New Bedford Seafoods, frozen: prepared F 0 0 P O Box 2086 02741-2086 508-999-5631 Mr. Jeff Nanfelt President 2 Washburn St New Bedford MA 02740 7336 2092-9907
R Golden Dragon Restaurant New Bedford Chinese restaurant R 21 115 P O Box 5622 02742-5622 508-999-5600 Mr. Henry Lee Owner 2277 Purchase St New Bedford MA 02746 1625 5812-0103
R Shawmut Diner New Bedford Diner R 36 197 943 Shawmut Ave 02746-1319 508-993-3073 Mr. Phillip Paleologos President 943 Shawmut Ave New Bedford MA 02746 1319 5812-9907
R Golden Greek Restaurant New Bedford American restaurant R 30 164 1103 Acushnet Ave 02746-1901 508-997-8811 Mr. Antonios Erotokritakis President 1103 Acushnet Ave New Bedford MA 02746 1901 5812-0101
W Sid Wainer Son Specialty Prod New Bedford Fruits, fresh V 0 0 2301 Purchase St 02746-1686 508-999-6408 Mr. Henry Wainer President 2301 Purchase St New Bedford MA 02746 1686 5148-0102
G Price Right New Bedford Supermarkets G 75 411 139 Hathaway Rd 02746-1370 508-992-3719 Mark Carvalho Manager 139 Hathaway Rd New Bedford MA 02746 1370 5411-0100
F Pro Pak Plus New Bedford Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 49 Brook St 02746-1742 508-990-8100 Mr. Fernando Morais Partner 49 Brook St New Bedford MA 02746 1742 2051-0000
R China Lantern Restaurant Inc New Bedford Chinese restaurant R 30 164 116 Nauset St 02746-1507 508-997-4474 Wah Leung President 116 Nauset St New Bedford MA 02746 1507 5812-0103
R Subway New Bedford Sandwiches and submarines shop R 20 107 109 Nauset St 02746-1506 508-999-1500 Mr. Donald Prett President 109 Nauset St New Bedford MA 02746 1506 5812-0313
F My Bread Baking CO New Bedford Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 229 Coffin Ave 02746-2299 508-997-9401 Mr. Frank W Coffey President 229 Coffin Ave New Bedford MA 02746 2299 2051-0000
F Sunbeam Bread Co New Bedford Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 229 Coffin Ave 02746 508-997-9401 Mr. Leo Desrosiers General Manager 229 Coffin Ave New Bedford MA 02746 2051-0000
R McDonalds New Bedford Fast-food restaurant, chain R 60 329 159 Hathaway Rd 02746-1304 508-993-2279 Mr. Charlie Winterhalter Owner 159 Hathaway Rd New Bedford MA 02746 1304 5812-0307
R M & C Cafe Inc New Bedford Ethnic food restaurants R 17 90 436 Belleville Ave 02746-2467 508-996-9733 Mr. Mike Mello President 436 Belleville Ave New Bedford MA 02746 2467 5812-0100
F New Bedford Linguica CO New Bedford Sausages and other prepared meats M 0 0 56 Davis St 02746-2495 508-992-9367 Ms. Alison Anselmo Manager 56 Davis St New Bedford MA 02746 2495 2013-0000
F Fragozo New Bedford Sausages, from purchased meat M 0 0 56 Davis St 02746-2429 508-992-9367 Ms. Dorothy Anselmo President 56 Davis St New Bedford MA 02746 2429 2013-0304
R My Place Portuguese Malassada New Bedford Eating places R 15 82 475 Belleville Ave 02746-2418 508-997-7965 Ms. Mary Bettencourt Owner 475 Belleville Ave New Bedford MA 02746 2418 5812-0000
G Amarals Fish Market New Bedford Grocery stores G 17 90 488 Belleville Ave 02746-2419 508-996-1222 Daniel Magalhaes Owner 488 Belleville Ave New Bedford MA 02746 2419 5411-0000
W P & D Fruit & Produce New Bedford Fruits, fresh V 0 0 640 Mount Pleasant St 02745-4905 508-995-8058 Mr. Paul Monteiro Partner 640 Mount Pleasant St New Bedford MA 02745 4905 5148-0102
R Mas Donuts New Bedford Coffee shop R 36 197 1972 Acushnet Ave 02745-6102 508-995-5521 Mr. Joseph Lemieux President 1972 Acushnet Ave New Bedford MA 02745 6102 5812-0304
R Symposium Llc New Bedford American restaurant R 23 123 851 Mount Pleasant St 02745-4909 508-995-8234 Ilias Sitmalidis 851 Mount Pleasant St New Bedford MA 02745 4909 5812-0101
G Stop & Shop New Bedford Supermarkets, chain G 369 2019 1001 King's Highway 02745 1001 King's Highway New Bedford MA 02745 5411-0101
R Newport Creamery Inc New Bedford Family restaurants R 45 247 950 Kings Hwy 02745-4957 508-998-5323 Mr. Ken Sharp Branch Manager 950 Kings Hwy New Bedford MA 02745 4957 5812-0500
R KFC New Bedford Fast-food restaurant, chain R 45 247 2315 Acushnet Ave 02745-2827 508-995-1761 Mr. Milton Darlene Owner 2315 Acushnet Ave New Bedford MA 02745 2827 5812-0307
G Super Shaws New Bedford Supermarkets, chain G 315 1726 500 Kings Hwy 02745-4901 508-998-1226 Maura Sweeney-Reeve Manager 500 Kings Hwy New Bedford MA 02745 4901 5411-0101
R PA Raffas Italian Restaurant New Bedford Italian restaurant R 53 288 2857 Acushnet Ave 02745-3415 508-995-8221 Ms. Joanne Raffa President 2857 Acushnet Ave New Bedford MA 02745 3415 5812-0108
G Trucchis Supermarket New Bedford Supermarkets, chain G 150 822 2941 Acushnet Ave 02745-1625 508-998-7500 Henry Lebrie Manager 2941 Acushnet Ave New Bedford MA 02745 1625 5411-0101
R Thads Seafood and Steakhouse New Bedford Seafood restaurants R 38 205 1313 Ashley Blvd 02745-1533 508-995-4646 Mr. Thaddeus Irzyk President 1313 Ashley Blvd New Bedford MA 02745 1533 5812-0700
IH Sunbridge Care at New Bedford New Bedford I 76 416 221 Fitzgerald Drive 02745 221 Fitzgerald Drive New Bedford MA 02745
IH Sutton Hill Center New Bedford I 70 384 221 Fitzgerald Dr 02745-3426 978-688-1212 Ms. Susan Gaughier Manager 221 Fitzgerald Dr New Bedford MA 02745 3426
R M C Restaurant New Bedford Caterers R 17 90 436 Beverly St 02745-4118 508-993-2219 Mr. Micheal Melo President 436 Beverly St New Bedford MA 02745 4118 5812-9903
F Amstell Beverage New Bedford Bottled and canned soft drinks X 0 0 209 Theodore Rice Blvd 02745-1213 508-995-5115 Mr. James Stellmach Manager 209 Theodore Rice Blvd New Bedford MA 02745 1213 2086-0000
R Delicious Coffee & Donuts New Bedford Eating places R 30 164 1169 Braley Rd 02745-2201 508-998-9450 Mr. Gabriel Demelo Owner 1169 Braley Rd New Bedford MA 02745 2201 5812-0000
IH The Oaks New Bedford I 60 329 4525 Acushnet Ave 02745-4727 617-782-3425 Mr. Robert Noonan Executive Director 4525 Acushnet Ave New Bedford MA 02745 4727
IH Mariner Manor of Southea New Bedford I 61 332 4586 Acushnet 02745 4586 Acushnet New Bedford MA 02745
IH Mediplex Rehabilitation Hospital New Bedford I 57 315 4499 Acushnet Avenue 02745 508-995-6900 4499 Acushnet Avenue New Bedford MA 02745
New Bedford Total 3560 19505
Annual Production Daily Production
CATCODE NAME TOWN SIC8NAME Type of Waste (wet tons/yr) (wet lbs/d) ADDRESS MAILZIP9 PHONE EXECFULL EXECTITLE PHYADD PHYTOWN PHYSTATE PHYZIP5 PHYPLUS4 SIC8
Annual Production Daily Production
(wet tons/yr) (wet lbs/d)
Fairhaven & nearby Totals 9617 52695
R Winh Wah Restaurant Assonet Chinese restaurant R 18 99 P O Box 835 02702-0897 508-644-2731 Minh Phuong President 68 S Main St Freetown MA 02702 1710 5812-0103
R Assonet Inn Inc Assonet American restaurant R 45 247 P O Box 92 02702-0092 508-644-2777 Timm Hadley President 16 Water St Freetown MA 02702 1114 5812-0101
F Willow Tree Poultry Farm Inc Attleboro Food preparations, nec X 0 0 997 S Main St 02703 508-222-2479 Mr. Chester Cekala Chief Executive Officer 997 S Main St Attleboro MA 02703 2099-0000
W Csi Inc Attleboro Seafoods F 0 0 453 S Main St 02703-6437 508-223-1825 Mr. Eddie Hew Owner 453 S Main St Attleboro MA 02703 6437 5146-9904
IH Life Care Center of Attleboro Attleboro I 61 332 969 Park St 02703-5115 Ms. Kate O Connor Vice-President 969 Park St Attleboro MA 02703 5115
G Ro-Jacks Markets Attleboro Supermarkets, chain G 180 986 217 S Main St 02703-4160 508-226-0606 Frank Lewless Branch Manager 217 S Main St Attleboro MA 02703 4160 5411-0101
F Bliss Bros Dairy Inc Attleboro Fluid milk D 0 0 PO Box 2288 02703 508-222-0787 Mr. David Bliss Owner 745 Park St Attleboro MA 02703 2026-0000
IH Ridgewood Court Nursing Home Attleboro I 59 324 27 George St 02703-3105 Mr. Pat Brown Director 27 George St Attleboro MA 02703 3105
R Attleboro Union Station Inc Attleboro Eating places R 23 123 88 Union St 02703-2905 508-222-3760 Mr. Jim Friedman President 88 Union St Attleboro MA 02703 2905 5812-0000
IH Sturdy Memorial Hospital Attleboro I 77 424 211 Park St., P.O. Box 296302703 508-222-5200 211 Park St. Attleboro MA 02703
R Morins Diner Attleboro Diner R 135 740 16 S Main St 02703-2920 508-222-9875 Mr. William Morin President 16 S Main St Attleboro MA 02703 2920 5812-9907
W Holmes Restaurant Service Inc Attleboro Fruits, fresh V 0 0 54 Falmouth St 02703-3013 508-695-6831 Mr. Richard Hall President 54 Falmouth St Attleboro MA 02703 3013 5148-0102
R Jeffreys Pizza Attleboro Pizza restaurants R 15 82 25 Forest St 02703-2407 508-226-0342 Mr. Jeffery Freehof Owner 25 Forest St Attleboro MA 02703 2407 5812-0600
R Fortuna Chinese Restaurant Attleboro Chinese restaurant R 15 82 111 Pleasant St 02703-2360 508-222-8383 Mr. Phillip Liu Owner 111 Pleasant St Attleboro MA 02703 2360 5812-0103
R KFC Attleboro Fast-food restaurant, chain R 29 159 116 Pleasant St 02703-2359 508-226-0700 Mr. Dennis Naughton President 116 Pleasant St Attleboro MA 02703 2359 5812-0307
IH Pleasant Manor Nursing Home Attleboro I 66 359 193 Pleasant St 195 02703-2419 Ms. Joyce Pinto Manager 193 Pleasant St Attleboro MA 02703 2419
G Stop & Shop Attleboro Supermarkets, chain G 321 1758 Perry & Pleasant St., Route 02703 Perry & Pleasant St., Route 12 Attleboro MA 02703 5411-0101
R Friendlys Attleboro Restaurant, family: chain R 45 247 524 Pleasant St 02703-2425 508-226-3081 Mr. Joe Delaura Manager 524 Pleasant St Attleboro MA 02703 2425 5812-0501
G A & P Super Foodmart Barnstable Supermarkets, chain G 33 181 770 Main St 02655-1904 508-420-1381 Jim Wingren Branch Manager 770 Main St Barnstable MA 02655 1904 5411-0101
F Willamette Valley Vineyards Barnstable Wines A 0 0 845 Main St 02655-2054 508-420-2009 845 Main St Barnstable MA 02655 2054 2084-0100
G Peppers Pantry Inc Barnstable Delicatessen stores G 15 82 4120 Falmouth Rd 02635-2667 508-428-7860 Harry Martin President 4120 Falmouth Rd Barnstable MA 02635 2667 5411-9902
G Shaws Supermarkets Inc Barnstable Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 625 W Main St 02601-3420 508-775-3241 Thom Crook Manager 625 W Main St Barnstable MA 02601 3420 5411-0101
G Shaws Supermarkets Inc Barnstable Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 1070 Iyannough Rd 02601-1871 508-775-7611 Kevin Cerce Manager 1070 Iyannough Rd Barnstable MA 02601 1871 5411-0101
IC Cape Cod Community College Barnstable I 275 1507 2240 Lyanough Rd 02668 508-362-2131 Ms. Kathleen Schatzberg President 2240 Lyanough Rd Barnstable MA 02668
R Dolphin Restaurant Inc Barnstable American restaurant R 24 132 3250 Main St 02630-1109 508-362-6610 Ms. Nancy Smith President 3250 Main St Barnstable MA 02630 1109 5812-0101
G Cges Grocery Store Bourne Grocery stores G 75 411 Turpentine Bean Bldg 3437 02542 508-563-2646 John Serpa Manager Turpentine Bean Bldg 3437 Bourne MA 02542 5411-0000
F Pepperidge Farm Incorporated Bourne Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 10 Kendrick Ln 02559-1751 508-563-3962 Mr. Ralph Tocci Branch Manager 10 Kendrick Ln Bourne MA 02559 1751 2051-0000
F Creative Creamery Bourne Ice cream, bulk D 0 0 8 Otis Park Dr Unit 4 02532-3870 508-759-2580 Mr. Jim Rizzitano President 8 Otis Park Dr Bourne MA 02532 3870 2024-0101
G A & P Super Foodmart Bourne Supermarkets, chain G 75 411 170 Clay Pond Rd 02532-3898 508-759-5957 Jack McDonald Manager 170 Clay Pond Rd Bourne MA 02532 3898 5411-0101
F Atlantis Sea Foods Bourne Seafoods, fresh: prepared F 0 0 P O Box 422 02553-0422 508-759-5820 Mr. Paul Kechejian Owner 18 Beach St Bourne MA 02553 0422 2092-9906
IH Bourne Manor Extnded Care Facility Bourne I 70 384 146 Macarthur Blvd 02532-3902 Mr. Tom Lavalley Director 146 Macarthur Blvd Bourne MA 02532 3902
IC Massachusetts Maritime Academy Bourne I 59 323 101 Academy Drive 02532 617-830-5000 Mr. M.J. Bresnahan, Jr. President 101 Academy Drive Bourne MA 02532
IH Cape Cod Nursing Retirement HM Bourne I 54 294 8 Lewis Point Rd 02532-5613 508-759-5752 Mr. Jeffrey Aframe Director 8 Lewis Point Rd Bourne MA 02532 5613
IP Old Colony Correctional Center Bridgewater I 131 720 1 Administration Road 02324 1 Administration Road Bridgewater MA 02324
IH Bridgewater State Hospital Bridgewater I 219 1197 20 Administration Rd 02324 508-697-8161 Mr. Kenneth Wilson President 20 Administration Rd Bridgewater MA 02324
IP Bridgewater State Hospital Bridgewater I 64 349 20 Administration Road 02324 20 Administration Road Bridgewater MA 02324
IP Mass. Treatment Center Bridgewater I 97 532 30 Administration Road 02324 30 Administration Road Bridgewater MA 02324
IP Mass. Alcohol & Substance Abuse Ctr Bridgewater I 22 122 2 Administration Road 02324 2 Administration Road Bridgewater MA 02324
R Anthonys Charcoal Pit Inc Bridgewater Fast food restaurants and stands R 23 123 557 Bedford St 02324-3117 508-697-9890 Mr. Anthony Anacki President 557 Bedford St Bridgewater MA 02324 3117 5812-0300
R North Key West Saloon Bridgewater Pizza restaurants R 81 444 425 Bedford St 02324-3115 508-697-4800 Jackie Lewis Owner 425 Bedford St Bridgewater MA 02324 3115 5812-0600
R Emma S Ron Food & Drink Bridgewater Pizzeria, independent R 15 82 1460 Pleasant St 02324-1029 508-697-8815 Mr. Ronald Emma Owner 1460 Pleasant St Bridgewater MA 02324 1029 5812-0602
W CPC Baking Business Bridgewater Bakery products B 0 0 32 Scotland Blvd 02324-4302 508-697-3155 Mr. Mark Strasser Branch Manager 32 Scotland Blvd Bridgewater MA 02324 4302 5149-0701
R Papa Ginos Bridgewater Italian restaurant R 56 304 Campus Plz 02324 508-697-8137 Ms. Joann Giondano Manager Campus Plz Bridgewater MA 02324 5812-0108
IH Bridgewater Nursing Home Bridgewater I 21 116 16 Pleasant St 02324-2420 Mr. Larry Leblanc Director 16 Pleasant St Bridgewater MA 02324 2420
IC Bridgewater State College Bridgewater I 626 3430 Maxwell Library 02324 508-531-1261 Ms. Adrian Tinsley President 131 Summer St Bridgewater MA 02324
R Sodexho Inc Bridgewater Contract food services R 90 493 P O Box 320 02324-0320 508-697-7541 Mr. Gary Boothby Branch Manager Bridgewater State College Bridgewater MA 02324 5812-9906
G Roche Bros Supermarkets Bridgewater Supermarkets, chain G 450 2466 18 Broad St 02324-1748 508-697-5077 Tom Moniham Manager 18 Broad St Bridgewater MA 02324 1748 5411-0101
R Friendlys Bridgewater Restaurant, family: chain R 50 271 70 Broad St 02324-1748 508-697-3228 Ms. Tina Fareas Manager 70 Broad St Bridgewater MA 02324 1748 5812-0501
R Burger King Bridgewater Fast-food restaurant, chain R 30 164 115 Broad St 02324-1746 508-279-9711 Mr. Ken Palmer Owner 115 Broad St Bridgewater MA 02324 1746 5812-0307
R Crispis Italian Cuisine Bridgewater Italian restaurant R 21 115 136 Broad St 02324-1775 508-697-6733 Crispi Falconeiri President 136 Broad St Bridgewater MA 02324 1775 5812-0108
R Subway Bridgewater Sandwiches and submarines shop R 17 90 233 Broad St 02324-1741 508-697-0600 Mr. Kevin Martinelli President 233 Broad St Bridgewater MA 02324 1741 5812-0313
R Burger King Bridgewater Fast-food restaurant, chain R 63 345 P O Box 634 02324-0634 508-697-9699 Ms. Ann Marshman Manager 634 N Bound Bridgewater MA 02324 5812-0307
R Friendlys Brockton Restaurant, family: chain R 53 288 2079 Main St 02301-7161 508-584-3064 2079 Main St Brockton MA 02301 7161 5812-0501
G Super Shaws Brockton Supermarkets, chain G 300 1644 2077 Main St 02301-7161 508-588-3393 Dave Ferrara Manager 2077 Main St Brockton MA 02301 7161 5411-0101
R Maui Restaurant Brockton Chinese restaurant R 90 493 1875 Main St 02301-7160 508-583-1010 Ms. Madeline Wong President 1875 Main St Brockton MA 02301 7160 5812-0103
F Concord Foods Inc (Red-E-Made) Brockton Flavoring extracts and syrups, nec X 0 0 10 Minuteman Way 02301 508-580-1700 R G Neville Chairman of the Board 10 Minuteman Way Brockton MA 02301 2087-0000
F Red-E-Made Brockton Food preparations, nec X 0 0 10 Minuteman Way 02301-7508 508-580-1700 R Neville Chairman of the Board 10 Minuteman Way Brockton MA 02301 7508 2099-0000
R Capeway Manor Inc Brockton Eating places R 53 288 1507 Main St 02301-7113 508-586-5518 Mr. Carlo Villa President 1507 Main St Brockton MA 02301 7113 5812-0000
R Dominos Pizza Brockton Pizzeria, chain R 27 148 1289 Main St 02301-7109 508-588-3412 Mr. Mike Hatfield President 1289 Main St Brockton MA 02301 7109 5812-0601
R Supreme Enterprises Brockton Coffee shop R 15 82 1284 Main St 02301-7108 508-584-0010 Yiannis Davos Owner 1284 Main St Brockton MA 02301 7108 5812-0304
F F B Washburn Candy Corporation Brockton Lollipops and other hard candy S 0 0 137 Perkins Ave 02302-3850 508-588-0820 Mr. James Gilson President 137 Perkins Ave Brockton MA 02302 3850 2064-9912
R House of Pizza North Falmouth Buzzards Bay Pizza restaurants R 15 82 RR 151 02532 508-563-6966 Mr. Nicholas Dayos Owner RR 151 Bourne MA 02532 5812-0600
R Sandys Snack Bar & Restaurant Buzzards Bay Seafood restaurants R 98 534 10 Sandy Ln 02532-3914 508-759-3088 Dana Holman Owner 10 Sandy Ln Bourne MA 02532 3914 5812-0700
R Leos Breakfast Restaurant Buzzards Bay American restaurant R 30 164 249 Main St 02532-3232 508-759-7557 Mr. Anthony Cubellis President 249 Main St Bourne MA 02532 3232 5812-0101
R Mezza-Luna Restaurant Inc Buzzards Bay Eating places R 53 288 253 Main St 02532-3232 508-759-4667 Mr. Emilio Cubellis President 253 Main St Bourne MA 02532 3232 5812-0000
R Burger King Buzzards Bay Fast-food restaurant, chain R 42 230 278 Main St 02532-3227 508-759-9902 Ms. Cathy Jordan Manager 278 Main St Bourne MA 02532 3227 5812-0307
R Quintal Restaurant Buzzards Bay Seafood restaurants R 38 205 343 Scenic Hwy 02532-3446 508-759-7222 Ms. Gloria Quintal President 343 Scenic Hwy Bourne MA 02532 3446 5812-0700
R Shaws Fish and Lobster Inc Buzzards Bay Seafood restaurants R 60 329 N Bourne Rotary 02532 508-759-1111 Mr. Howard Shaw President N Bourne Rotary Bourne MA 02532 5812-0700
R Charlies Place Inc Buzzards Bay Restaurant, family: independent R 47 255 P O Box 329 02532-0329 508-295-6656 Mr. Charles Nickolaow President 3075 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02538 1358 5812-0502
R IHOP Buzzards Bay Eating places R 38 205 2 Bourne Cir 02532 508-759-1161 Ms. Julie Phillips Manager 2 Bourne Cir Bourne MA 02532 5812-0000
R Hong Kong Island Restaurant Buzzards Bay Eating places R 30 164 P O Box 302 02532-0302 508-295-0524 Mr. Henry Chan Manager RR 28 Wareham MA 02571 5812-0000
R Friendlys Buzzards Bay Restaurant, family: chain R 45 247 P O Box 1609 02532-1609 508-888-6866 Mr. Scott Galfy Manager 1609 Buzzards Bay Bourne MA 02532 5812-0501
F Slocum & Gibbs Cranberry CO Carver Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 107 Wareham St 02366 508-295-0046 Ms. Sally Sachs President 107 Wareham St Carver MA 02366 2033-0500
F Williams & Alger Inc Carver Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 PO Box 81 02366-0081 508-866-9366 Mr. Robert C. Williams President 65 Wareham St Carver MA 02366 0081 2033-0500
F Oiva Hannula & Sons Inc Carver Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 8 Rochester Rd 02330-1515 508-866-1075 Mr. Ward R. Hannula Owner 8 Rochester Rd Carver MA 02330 1515 2033-0500
F Kallio Bogs Carver Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 81 Tremont St 02330-1435 508-866-4742 Ms. Ann Love Owner 81 Tremont St Carver MA 02330 1435 2033-0500
F Gilmore Cranberry CO Carver Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 PO Box 67 02366-0067 508-866-3900 Mr. Ben Gilmore Owner Cranberry Rd Carver MA 02330 2033-0500
G Shaws Supermarkets Inc Carver Supermarkets, chain G 240 1315 160 Main St 02330-1349 508-866-2977 Maura Reeve Manager 160 Main St Carver MA 02330 1349 5411-0101
F Hiller Cranberry Sales Inc Carver Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 29 Pond St 02330-1205 508-866-4788 Mr. Robert B Hiller Owner 29 Pond St Carver MA 02330 1205 2033-0500
R Tiki Kye Restaurant Carver Chinese restaurant R 15 82 2 Montello St 02330-1026 508-866-7733 Mr. Sam Yip President 2 Montello St Carver MA 02330 1026 5812-0103
R Courtyard Restaurant and Pub Cataumet Eating places R 38 205 P O Box 6 02534-0006 508-563-1818 Mr. Jay Miller President 1337 County Rd Bourne MA 02534 5812-0000
R Jacks Centerville American restaurant R 23 123 P O Box 2161 02634-2161 508-775-0612 Ms. Grace Horton President 373 W Main St Barnstable MA 02601 3643 5812-0101
R Casual Gourmet The Inc Centerville Eating places R 18 99 1600 Falmouth Rd Ste 10 02632-2939 508-775-4946 Ms. Olive Chase President 1600 Falmouth Rd Ste 10 Barnstable MA 02632 2939 5812-0000
R Kerrigans Tavern Centerville Eating places R 38 205 1600 Falmouth Rd 02632-2939 508-771-4100 Mr. Felix D Oloimpio Owner 1600 Falmouth Rd Barnstable MA 02632 2939 5812-0000
R Downtown Cafe Chartley Cafe R 53 288 P O Box 50 02712-0050 508-222-7057 Mr. Roy McSweeney President 292 W Main St Norton MA 02766 2100 5812-9902
R The Bite Chilmark Eating places R 15 82 Basin Rd 02535 508-645-9239 Ms. Karen Flynn Owner Basin Rd Chilmark MA 02535 5812-0000
R Regatta of Cotuit Inc Cotuit Eating places R 60 329 4631 Falmouth Rd 02635-2520 508-428-5715 Brantz Bryan President 4631 Falmouth Rd Barnstable MA 02635 2520 5812-0000
R Georgios Steak House Inc Dighton Steak restaurant R 15 82 1881 County St 02715-1212 508-669-5323 Mr. George Kkotsiopoulis President 1881 County St Dighton MA 02715 1212 5812-0802
IH Dighton Nursing Center Dighton I 15 81 907 Centre Street 02764 508-669-6741 907 Centre Street Dighton MA 02764
R Rsw Cambridge Associates Inc Duxbury Eating places R 15 82 P O Box 2719 02331-2719 617-252-3219 Diab Shteiwi President Independence Mall Kingston MA 02364 5812-0000
R Dunkin Donuts Duxbury Coffee shop R 33 181 5 Chestnut St 02332-4419 781-934-9492 Tony Desilva Owner 5 Chestnut St Duxbury MA 02332 4419 5812-0304
R Milepost Tavern Restaurant Duxbury Eating places R 38 205 P O Box 2042 02331-2042 781-934-6801 Mr. John Johnson President 581 Tremont St Duxbury MA 02332 4939 5812-0000
G A & P Super Foodmart Duxbury Supermarkets, chain G 113 616 46 Depot St 02332-4453 617-934-0113 Jack McDonald Branch Manager 46 Depot St Duxbury MA 02332 4453 5411-0101
IH Duxbury House Nursing Home Duxbury I 11 62 298 Kingstown Way 02332-4605 781-585-2397 Mr. Thomas Welch Partner 298 Kingstown Way Duxbury MA 02332 4605
IH Bay View Nursing Home Duxbury I 54 294 308 Kingstown Way 02332-4605 781-585-5561 Mr. Thomas Welch Partner 308 Kingstown Way Duxbury MA 02332 4605
R Windsor Restaurant Group Inc Duxbury Restaurant, family: independent R 30 164 390 Washington St 02332-4552 781-934-0991 Mr. David Conner President 390 Washington St Duxbury MA 02332 4552 5812-0502
R Winsor House Catering Duxbury Eating places R 23 123 390 Washington St 02332-4552 781-934-0993 Mr. David O Connell Owner 390 Washington St Duxbury MA 02332 4552 5812-0000
R Sun Tavern Duxbury American restaurant R 44 238 500 Congress St 02332-3138 781-837-4100 Mr. Lawrence Friedman President 500 Congress St Duxbury MA 02332 3138 5812-0101
R Waterside Associate Inc East Bridgewater Eating places R 30 164 124 Robins St 02333-2554 508-279-0900 Mr. David Gillis President 124 Robins St East Bridgewater MA 02333 2554 5812-0000
F Cooke Enterprises Co East Bridgewater Carbonated beverages, nonalcoholic X 0 0 116 Hillcrest Rd 02333-2514 508-378-3626 Mr. Robert Cooke Owner 116 Hillcrest Rd East Bridgewater MA 02333 2514 2086-0301
R Pub 106 East Bridgewater Pizza restaurants R 15 82 1300 Plymouth St 02333-2415 508-378-7106 Dana Coby Owner 1300 Plymouth St East Bridgewater MA 02333 2415 5812-0600
R Pier 18 Seafood & Grille East Bridgewater Seafood restaurants R 45 247 205 Bedford St 02333-1901 508-378-1378 Mr. Peter Soroka President 205 Bedford St East Bridgewater MA 02333 1901 5812-0700
IH Sacheim Nursing East Bridgewater I 61 332 66 Central St 02333 66 Central St East Bridgewater MA 02333
R Stelios Restaurant East Bridgewater Restaurant, family: independent R 36 197 34 Bedford St 02333-1542 508-378-3108 Stelios Vintzileos Owner 34 Bedford St East Bridgewater MA 02333 1542 5812-0502
R Joppa Grille East Bridgewater Restaurant, family: independent R 60 329 626 Jct Bdfrd Whitman STS 02333 508-378-3510 Mr. Thomas Mitchell Owner 626 Jct Bdfrd Whitman STS East Bridgewater MA 02333 5812-0502
R Ye Olde Standish Grille Inc East Bridgewater Eating places R 45 247 175 N Bedford St 02333-1168 508-378-3682 Mr. Arthur O Leary President 175 N Bedford St East Bridgewater MA 02333 1168 5812-0000
F Crocetti's Oakdale Packing Co East Bridgewater Meat packing plants M 0 0 378 Pleasant St 02333-1349 508-587-0035 Mr. Carl Crocetti Owner 378 Pleasant St East Bridgewater MA 02333 1349 2011-0000
R Mocking Bird East Bridgewater American restaurant R 23 123 838 N Bedford St 02333-1128 508-378-4911 Mr. Frank Canizzao President 838 N Bedford St East Bridgewater MA 02333 1128 5812-0101
R Camerons On The Green East Bridgewater Eating places R 75 411 436 Oak St 02333-1212 781-447-7888 Mr. Bill Russell President 436 Oak St East Bridgewater MA 02333 1212 5812-0000
R Burger King East Falmouth Fast-food restaurant, chain R 75 411 105 Teaticket Hwy 02536-5617 508-548-9883 Mr. Maurice Wyman Owner 105 Teaticket Hwy Falmouth MA 02536 5617 5812-0307
R Papa Ginos East Falmouth Italian restaurant R 45 247 137 Teaticket Hwy 02536-5659 508-540-4502 Mr. John Sorgi Manager 137 Teaticket Hwy Falmouth MA 02536 5659 5812-0108
R Eatery At 146 The East Falmouth Eating places R 15 82 146 Sandwich Rd 02536-5667 508-495-1757 Mr. Mark De Souza President 146 Sandwich Rd Falmouth MA 02536 5667 5812-0000
R Friends of Falmouth Dogs Inc East Falmouth Hot dog stand R 38 205 P O Box 438 02536-0438 508-548-0476 Ms. Edith Ross President 53 Green Pond Rd Falmouth MA 02536 6007 5812-0312
R Kit Nephews Italian-American East Freetown Pizza restaurants R 48 263 2 Crossroad Dr 02717-1642 508-763-4405 Mr. Ronald Stapleton President 2 Crossroad Dr Freetown MA 02717 1642 5812-0600
R Albertos Italian Kitchen East Taunton Caterers R 18 99 29 Kerry Ln 02718-1547 508-822-9979 Terry Bower President 29 Kerry Ln Taunton MA 02718 1547 5812-9903
R Ruby Tuesday East Taunton Restaurant, family: chain R 75 411 2 W Stevens St 02718-1307 508-823-9130 Mr. Allen Fiazier Manager 2 W Stevens St Taunton MA 02718 1307 5812-0501
R Columbia Bankwood Ctr East Taunton Eating places R 15 82 250 Cape Hwy 02718-1513 508-823-3303 Mr. Robert Di Crocce President 250 Cape Hwy Taunton MA 02718 1513 5812-0000
R Lobster Cottage East Wareham Seafood restaurants R 33 181 P O Box 300 02538-0300 508-759-1515 Ms. Margaret Gogliormella President 3198 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02538 4731 5812-0700
R Lindseys Inc East Wareham Seafood restaurants R 113 616 3138 Cranberry Hwy 02538-4806 508-759-5544 Ms. Sheri Lindsey President 3138 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02538 4806 5812-0700
R Wendys East Wareham Fast-food restaurant, chain R 60 329 3025 Cranberry Hwy 02538-1356 508-295-4090 Mr. John Haluen Branch Manager 3025 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02538 1356 5812-0307
R Friendlys East Wareham Restaurant, family: chain R 39 214 2895a Cranberry Hwy 02538-1313 508-295-3656 Ms. Geri Berube Manager 2895a Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02538 1313 5812-0501
F Depot Donuts Inc Easton Doughnuts, except frozen B 0 0 P O Box 1271 02334-1271 508-230-0070 Ms. Jo Couto President 700 Depot St Easton MA 02356 2704 2051-0206
G Super Shaws Easton Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 690 Depot St 02356-2700 508-238-0165 Paul Siciliano General Manager 690 Depot St Easton MA 02356 2700 5411-0101
F Simpson Spring Co Easton Bottled and canned soft drinks X 0 0 PO Box 328 02375 508-238-2741 Mr. Jim Bertarelli General Manager 719 Washington St. Easton MA 02375 2086-0000
G A & P Super Foodmart Edgartown Supermarkets, chain G 120 658 P O Box 2368 02539-2368 508-627-9522 Dana Degegorio Branch Manager 226 Upper Main St Edgartown MA 02539 2368 5411-0101
R Square Rigger Restaurant Edgartown American restaurant R 45 247 P O Box 2068 02539-2068 508-627-9968 Ms. Doreen Rezendes President State Rd Edgartown MA 02539 5812-0101
R Seafood Shanty Edgartown Seafood restaurants R 113 616 P O Box 2158 02539-2158 508-627-8622 Ray Rourke President 31 Dock St Edgartown MA 02539 5812-0700
R Wharf Restaurant The Edgartown American restaurant R 45 247 P O Box 756 02539-0756 508-627-9966 Mr. Brian Mc Groarty President 6 Main St Edgartown MA 02539 5812-0101
R Alchemy Edgartown Eating places R 45 247 P O Box 3159 02539 508-627-9999 Ms. Charlotte Caskey President 71 Main St Edgartown MA 02539 5812-0000
R Espresso Love Inc Edgartown Eating places R 18 99 P O Box 1593 02539-1593 508-627-9211 Ms. Carol Mc Manus President 17 Church St Edgartown MA 02539 5812-0000
R Lattanzis Restaurant Edgartown Italian restaurant R 36 197 P O Box 5219 02539-5219 508-627-8854 Mr. Albert Lattanzi President 19 Church St Edgartown MA 02539 5812-0108
R Atria Restaurant Edgartown Eating places R 15 82 P O Box 561 02539-0561 508-627-5850 Ms. Greer Boyle Partner 137 MAIN ST Edgartown MA 02539 5812-0000
R Dairy Queen Edgartown Ice cream stands or dairy bars R 23 123 242 Upper Main 02539 508-627-5001 Mr. Anton Bettencourt Owner 242 Upper Main Edgartown MA 02539 5812-0203
Annual Production Daily Production
CATCODE NAME TOWN SIC8NAME Type of Waste (wet tons/yr) (wet lbs/d) ADDRESS MAILZIP9 PHONE EXECFULL EXECTITLE PHYADD PHYTOWN PHYSTATE PHYZIP5 PHYPLUS4 SIC8
R British Beer Co Falmouth Eating places R 45 247 263 Grand Ave 02540-3785 508-540-9600 Ms. Rita Ramoska Manager 263 Grand Ave Falmouth MA 02540 3785 5812-0000
C The Flying Bridge Falmouth I 14 75 220 Scranton Avenue 02540 508-548-2700 220 Scranton Avenue Falmouth MA 02540
G Windfall Market Falmouth Supermarkets, independent G 113 616 77 Scranton Ave 02540-3562 508-548-0099 Vincent Geoffrey President 77 Scranton Ave Falmouth MA 02540 3562 5411-0103
R Liam Maguires Irish Pub & Rest Falmouth Eating places R 17 90 273 Main St 02540-2750 508-548-0285 Mr. Liam Maguire President 273 Main St Falmouth MA 02540 2750 5812-0000
R Country Fare Restaurant Falmouth Luncheonette R 17 90 319 Main St 02540-2751 508-548-9020 Mr. Brian Ferreira President 319 Main St Falmouth MA 02540 2751 5812-0403
R Golden Swan Falmouth Eating places R 30 164 323 Main St 02540-2751 508-540-6580 Ms. Ingrid Marusik Owner 323 Main St Falmouth MA 02540 2751 5812-0000
F Ben & Bills Chocolate Emporium Falmouth Candy and other confectionery produ S 0 0 209 Main St 02540-2749 508-548-7878 Ms. Jeannette Michaud Manager 209 Main St Falmouth MA 02540 2749 2064-0000
R Peking Palace Falmouth Chinese restaurant R 15 82 452 Main St 02540-3156 508-540-8204 Jong Hong President 452 Main St Falmouth MA 02540 3156 5812-0103
IH Royal Nusing Center Falmouth I 60 327 545 Main St 02540-3160 508-996-6751 Mr. James Mary Owner 545 Main St Falmouth MA 02540 3160
R Quarterdeck Restaurant Falmouth Seafood restaurants R 23 123 164 Main St 02540-2765 508-548-9900 Mr. Robert Pacheco President 164 Main St Falmouth MA 02540 2765 5812-0700
W The Clam-Man Inc Falmouth Fish and seafoods F 0 0 15 Boxwood Cir 02540-3322 508-548-6044 Mr. Matt Rocheleau Principal 15 Boxwood Cir Falmouth MA 02540 3322 5146-0000
R Nimrod Restaurant Falmouth Eating places R 75 411 100 Dillingham Ave 02540-3313 508-540-4132 Mr. James Murray President 100 Dillingham Ave Falmouth MA 02540 3313 5812-0000
R Food For Thought Falmouth Caterers R 18 99 37 N Main St 02540-2843 508-548-4498 Mr. Charles Syintsakos President 37 N Main St Falmouth MA 02540 2843 5812-9903
R Friendlys Falmouth Restaurant, family: chain R 45 247 5 Davis Straits 02540-3905 508-548-2361 Mr. Walter Whapleo Manager 5 Davis Straits Falmouth MA 02540 3905 5812-0501
R Winstons Restaurant Falmouth Eating places R 21 115 97 Spring Bars Rd 02540-3923 508-548-0590 Mr. Gerald Pacheco Owner 97 Spring Bars Rd Falmouth MA 02540 3923 5812-0000
R Fish Net The Falmouth Seafood restaurants R 35 189 70 Davis Straits 02540-3910 508-540-2115 Mr. Louis Mc Menamy President 70 Davis Straits Falmouth MA 02540 3910 5812-0700
R Kansas City Steak House Falmouth Steak restaurant R 53 288 291 Jones Rd 02540-3340 508-495-3453 Mr. Chris St John Manager 291 Jones Rd Falmouth MA 02540 3340 5812-0802
IH Harborside-Falmouth Falmouth I 59 324 359 Jones Rd 02540 508-992-8901 359 Jones Rd Falmouth MA 02540
R Coonamessett Inn Falmouth Eating places R 113 616 311 Gifford St 02540-2913 508-548-2300 Mr. William Zammer President 311 Gifford St Falmouth MA 02540 2913 5812-0000
R Flying Bridge Restaurant Falmouth Eating places R 225 1233 311 Gifford St 02540-2913 508-548-2700 Mr. Bill Zammer President 311 Gifford St Falmouth MA 02540 2913 5812-0000
G Shaws Supermarkets Inc Falmouth Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 137 Teaticket Hwy 02536-5659 508-548-4033 Mark Langlear Manager 137 Teaticket Hwy Falmouth MA 02536 5659 5411-0101
IH Falmouth Hospital Falmouth I 52 284 100 Ter Heun Drive 02540 508-548-5300 100 Ter Heun Drive Falmouth MA 02540
IH Jml Care Center Inc Falmouth I 65 356 184 Ter Heun Dr 02540-2503 Mr. Charles Peterman President 184 Ter Heun Dr Falmouth MA 02540 2503
G Stop & Shop Falmouth Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 Rte 28 and Jones Rd 02536 508-540-7481 Tom Farrar Manager Rte 28 and Jones Rd Falmouth MA 02536 5411-0101
R Grill N Chill Inc Falmouth Eating places R 18 99 553 Palmer Ave 02540-2920 508-548-7739 Mr. Fred Clarkin President 553 Palmer Ave Falmouth MA 02540 2920 5812-0000
W Waquoit Shellfish Corp Falmouth Seafoods F 0 0 177 Seapit Rd 02536-6431 508-548-2683 Mr. Olin Kelley President 177 Seapit Rd Falmouth MA 02536 6431 5146-9904
G Kenyons Market Inc Falmouth Grocery stores, independent G 35 189 769 E Falmouth Hwy 02536-6191 508-540-2155 Richard Le Moine President 769 E Falmouth Hwy Falmouth MA 02536 6191 5411-9905
G Family Foods Falmouth Grocery stores, independent G 75 411 350 E Falmouth Hwy 02536-6004 508-540-2330 Timothy Martinage President 350 E Falmouth Hwy Falmouth MA 02536 6004 5411-9905
F Cape Cod Winery Falmouth Wines A 0 0 681 Sandwich Rd 02536-4747 508-457-5592 Ms. Kristina Lazzari Owner 681 Sandwich Rd Falmouth MA 02536 4747 2084-0100
G West Falmouth Market Falmouth Grocery stores, independent G 21 115 P O Box 378 02574-0378 508-548-1139 Bruce Parrish President 623 Route 28a Falmouth MA 02574 0378 5411-9905
C Sea Crest Resort & Conference Center Falmouth I 30 163 350 Quaker Road 02556 508-540-9400 350 Quaker Road Falmouth MA 02556
C Ballymeade Functions Falmouth I 23 125 Ballymead Country Club 02536 508-457-0100 125 Falmouth Woods Rd. Falmouth MA 02536
IH Royal Megansett Nursing Home Falmouth I 44 243 209 County Rd 02556-2021 508-548-3800 Mr. James Mamary Partner 209 County Rd Falmouth MA 02556 2021
W Jonathan Organics Freetown Vegetables, fresh V 0 0 170 Middleboro Rd 02717-1720 508-763-5505 Ms. Barbara Sanderson President 170 Middleboro Rd Freetown MA 02717 1720 5148-0202
R Brs Restaurant Inc Halifax Eating places R 98 534 Plymouth St 02338 781-293-2116 Mr. Robert Rogers President Plymouth St Halifax MA 02338 5812-0000
R All Seasons Rest & Lounge Halifax American restaurant R 48 263 327 Plymouth St 02338-1340 781-293-4135 Mr. John Doucette Owner 327 Plymouth St Halifax MA 02338 1340 5812-0101
R All Star Pizza Plus Halifax Pizza restaurants R 18 99 319 Plymouth St 02338-1340 781-293-8788 Mr. Joseph La Gambina President 319 Plymouth St Halifax MA 02338 1340 5812-0600
R Halifax Coffee Shop Halifax Fast food restaurants and stands R 15 82 300c Plymouth St 02338-1344 781-294-1665 Mr. Peter Nickerson President 300c Plymouth St Halifax MA 02338 1344 5812-0300
R Hawaii Garden Restaurant Halifax Chinese restaurant R 23 123 300 Plymouth St 02338-1344 781-293-5778 Cristo Wong President 300 Plymouth St Halifax MA 02338 1344 5812-0103
F Morse Brothers Inc Halifax Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 Lingam St 02338 781-293-3131 Lingan St Halifax MA 02338 2033-0500
R Elenas Restaurant Inc Hanson Family restaurants R 68 370 P O Box 1489 02341-6489 781-293-3537 Mr. Peter Cimorelli President 257 Oak St Halifax MA 02338 1016 5812-0500
R Cataldis Restaurant Hanson Italian restaurant R 15 82 P O Box 745 02341-0745 781-293-9953 Mr. Robert Cioffi President 1486 Main St Hanson MA 02341 1504 5812-0108
R J&R Indian Head Pub Hanson American restaurant R 17 90 P O Box 704 02341-0704 781-294-8592 Mr. Jim Deagle Owner 278 Main St Hanson MA 02341 1946 5812-0101
R Stingers Family Rest Inc Hanson Family restaurants R 75 411 252 Main St 02341-1956 781-293-0000 Mr. Dave Hatch President 252 Main St Hanson MA 02341 1956 5812-0500
G Shaws Supermarkets Inc Hanson Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 430 Liberty St 02341-1113 781-293-3008 David Russel Manager 430 Liberty St Hanson MA 02341 1113 5411-0101
R McDonalds Hanson Fast-food restaurant, chain R 30 164 318 Liberty St 02341-1162 781-294-4455 Mr. Mark McBee President 318 Liberty St Hanson MA 02341 1162 5812-0307
R Paisans Family Restaurant Hyannis Diner R 15 82 530 W Main St 02601-5900 508-775-0344 Mr. Steven Baldini President 530 W Main St Barnstable MA 02601 5900 5812-9907
R Harrys Hyannis American restaurant R 15 82 700 W Main St 02601-3487 508-778-4188 Mr. Fred Duchant Partner 700 W Main St Barnstable MA 02601 3487 5812-0101
R Old Country Buffet Hyannis Buffet (eating places) R 98 534 1070 Iyannough Rd 02601-1871 508-790-1745 Gim Riley Manager 1070 Iyannough Rd Barnstable MA 02601 1871 5812-9901
R Outback Steakhouse Hyannis Steak restaurant R 75 411 1070 Iyannough Rd 132 02601-1871 508-778-8787 Ms. Julie Farga Branch Manager 1070 Iyannough Rd 132 Barnstable MA 02601 1871 5812-0802
R Friendlys Hyannis Restaurant, family: chain R 75 411 1090 Iyannough Rd 02601-1852 508-771-8145 Ms. Debra Kay Manager 1090 Iyannough Rd Barnstable MA 02601 1852 5812-0501
R Olive Garden Hyannis Eating places R 150 822 1095 Iyannough Rd 02601-1830 508-775-9896 Tracey Kempaner Manager 1095 Iyannough Rd Barnstable MA 02601 1830 5812-0000
R Cookes Seafood Hyannis Family restaurants R 18 99 1120 Iyannough Rd 02601-8106 508-775-0450 Mr. James Haidas President 1120 Iyannough Rd Barnstable MA 02601 8106 5812-0500
R Pizza By Evan Hyannis Pizza restaurants R 18 99 1220 Iyannough Rd 02601-1873 508-790-3554 Mr. Ron Lopes Owner 1220 Iyannough Rd Barnstable MA 02601 1873 5812-0600
R Pizzeria Uno Kingston Pizzeria, chain R 75 411 101 Independence Mall Way02364-2282 781-582-2480 Mr. Tim Walsh 101 Independence Mall Way Kingston MA 02364 2282 5812-0601
C Indian Pond Country Club Kingston I 18 100 60 Country Club Way 02364 781-585-9117 60 Country Club Way Kingston MA 02364
R Kingston Charlie Horse Rest Kingston Eating places R 75 411 99 Main St 02364-2252 781-585-5550 Ms. Carrie Barrett Owner 99 Main St Kingston MA 02364 2252 5812-0000
R Mamma Mia Pizza Kingston Pizzeria, independent R 38 205 134 Main St 02364-2243 781-585-9847 Mr. Pasquale Viscariello Manager 134 Main St Kingston MA 02364 2243 5812-0602
R Burger King Kingston Fast-food restaurant, chain R 53 288 137 Main St 02364-2246 781-585-9431 Mr. Joe Spinelli Manager 137 Main St Kingston MA 02364 2246 5812-0307
R Bickfords Family Restaurant Kingston Eating places R 75 411 149 Main St 02364-2235 781-585-8820 Mr. Dan Bloodwell President 149 Main St Kingston MA 02364 2235 5812-0000
R McDonalds Kingston Fast-food restaurant, chain R 68 370 3a Summer St 02364-1416 781-585-9234 Pat Longren Manager 3a Summer St Kingston MA 02364 1416 5812-0307
R Bangna Garden Restaurant Kingston Eating places R 23 123 73 Summer St 02364-1410 781-585-4503 Prasit Thienprayoon Principal 73 Summer St Kingston MA 02364 1410 5812-0000
G Stop & Shop Kingston Supermarkets, chain G 396 2170 160 Summer St 02364-1226 781-582-3700 Steve Desilva Manager 160 Summer St Kingston MA 02364 1226 5411-0101
R Chinese Food Kingston Chinese restaurant R 15 82 164 Summer St J 02364-1280 781-582-3828 Mr. James Luo President 164 Summer St J Kingston MA 02364 1280 5812-0103
F Herndon Cranberries Kingston Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 156 Pembroke St 02364-1152 781-585-4800 156 Pembroke St Kingston MA 02364 1152 2033-0500
R Papa Ginos Kingston Italian restaurant R 45 247 182 Summer St 02364-1277 781-585-6568 Annmanrie Quigly Manager 182 Summer St Kingston MA 02364 1277 5812-0108
IH Bethesda Kingston I 81 443 17 Chipman Way 02364 17 Chipman Way Kingston MA 02364
W G Baby Farms Inc Lakeville Dairy products, except dried or cann D 0 0 11 Freetown St 02347-2222 508-947-6487 Mr. George Rose President 11 Freetown St Lakeville MA 02347 2222 5143-0000
IH Island Terrace Nursing Home Lakeville I 87 478 P O Box 1237 02347-7237 Mr. Brenton Tolles President 57 Long Point Rd Lakeville MA 02347 7237
R Orchids of Hawaii Lakeville Eating places R 17 90 201 Bedford St 02347-1509 508-946-0088 Wai Lau President 201 Bedford St Lakeville MA 02347 1509 5812-0000
R Deweys Restaurant Inc Lakeville Eating places R 75 411 51 Main St 02347-1617 508-947-6031 Mr. Alfred Desrosier President 51 Main St Lakeville MA 02347 1617 5812-0000
W Trebloc Seafood Manomet Fish, fresh F 0 0 32 Landfall Ln 02345 508-224-1800 Mr. Robert Colbert Director 32 Landfall Ln Plymouth MA 02345 5146-9902
F Tidmarsh Farms Inc Manomet Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 PO Box 1715 02345-1715 508-224-7900 Mr. Dave Balutis Manager 137 Bartlett Rd Plymouth MA 02345 1715 2033-0500
IH Sippican Long Term Marion I 54 297 15 Mill Street 02738 15 Mill Street Marion MA 02738
IS Tabor Academy Marion I 54 293 Front Street 02738 508-748-2000 Mr. Jay Stroud Headmaster 66 Spring St Marion MA 02738
R Aja Enterprises Marion Italian restaurant R 75 411 210 Spring St 02738-1570 508-748-2986 Mr. Albert Costa President 210 Spring St Marion MA 02738 1570 5812-0108
R Subway Marstons Mills Sandwiches and submarines shop R 60 329 960 Putnam Ave 02648-1896 508-420-3258 Mr. Wayne Yvon President 960 Putnam Ave Barnstable MA 02648 1896 5812-0313
R D Angelos Sandwich Shop Marstons Mills Sandwiches and submarines shop R 30 164 341 Lakeshore Dr 02648-1327 508-428-3560 Mr. Paul Becker President 341 Lakeshore Dr Barnstable MA 02648 1327 5812-0313
R Boston Concessions Group Inc Mashpee Concessionaire R 45 247 94 Industrial Dr 02649-3404 508-477-0780 Mr. David Oberlander Manager 94 Industrial Dr Mashpee MA 02649 3404 5812-0201
R McDonalds Mashpee Fast-food restaurant, chain R 100 548 766 Falmouth Rd Ste A5 02649-3330 508-477-2441 Mr. John Holland President 766 Falmouth Rd Ste A5 Mashpee MA 02649 3330 5812-0307
R Gone Tomatoes Itln Grill & Bar Mashpee Italian restaurant R 60 329 P O Box 2458 02649-8458 508-477-8100 Mr. Marc Petralia President 11 A Steeple St Mashpee MA 02649 5812-0108
R Atlantic Seafood Restaurants Mashpee Seafood restaurants R 15 82 401 Nathan Ellis Hwy 02649-6005 508-477-4774 Mr. Spyro Mitrokostas President 401 Nathan Ellis Hwy Mashpee MA 02649 6005 5812-0700
R Barnstables Pizza & Pasta Co Mashpee Italian restaurant R 45 247 P O Box 2235 02649-8235 508-477-6701 Mr. Dino Mitrokostas President 401 Route 151 Mashpee MA 02649 6005 5812-0108
R Oysters Too Mashpee Restaurant, family: independent R 30 164 413 Route 151 02649-3149 508-477-4481 Mr. Robert Kogut President 413 Route 151 Mashpee MA 02649 3149 5812-0502
G Stop & Shop Mashpee Supermarkets, chain G 325 1778 39 Nathan Ellis Highway 02649 39 Nathan Ellis Highway Mashpee MA 02649 5411-0101
G Shaws Supermarkets Inc Mashpee Supermarkets, chain G 75 411 P O Box 300 02649-0300 508-477-0020 Timothy Cawley Manager 35 Nathan Ellis Hwy Mashpee MA 02649 0300 5411-0101
R Zoes Pizza Mashpee Pizza restaurants R 21 115 7 Market St 02649 508-477-1711 Mr. Thomas Poole Partner 7 Market St Mashpee MA 02649 5812-0600
R 99 Restaurant & Pub Mashpee American restaurant R 135 740 8 Ryans Way 02649-3200 508-477-9000 Mr. Tom Leone Manager 8 Ryans Way Mashpee MA 02649 3200 5812-0101
R Jade Chinese Restaurant Mashpee Eating places R 15 82 P O Box 1349 02649-1349 508-477-2828 Kamtong Tam Owner Mashpee MA 02649 5812-0000
IH Harborside-Mashpee Mashpee I 59 324 161 Falmouth Rd 02649 161 Falmouth Rd Mashpee MA 02649
R Honey Dew Donuts Mashpee Mashpee Coffee shop R 15 82 44 Falmouth Rd 02649-2720 508-477-7500 Mr. Steve Kyros Owner 44 Falmouth Rd Mashpee MA 02649 2720 5812-0304
R Flume Incorporated Mashpee Eating places R 23 123 P O Box 1379 02649-1379 508-477-1456 Mr. Earl Mills President 13 Lake Ave Mashpee MA 02649 2075 5812-0000
F Cape Cod Coffee Mashpee Roasted coffee V 0 0 348 Main St 02649-2045 508-477-2400 Demos Young Owner 348 Main St Mashpee MA 02649 2045 2095-0000
R Dudleys Restaurant & Lounge Merrimac Eating places R 23 123 P O Box 1348 01860 508-224-3700 Mr. Adam Baker President 499 State Rd Plymouth MA 02360 5185 5812-0000
R Hells Blazes Tavern Middleboro Restaurant, family: independent R 68 370 699 Wareham St 02346-3721 508-295-9111 Mr. Fred Dearing President 699 Wareham St Middleborough MA 02346 3721 5812-0502
R Fair Havens Rest Home Middleboro Eating places R 27 148 334 Marion Rd 02346-3104 508-947-1660 Ms. Helena Silva Principal 334 Marion Rd Middleborough MA 02346 3104 5812-0000
R L & R Log Cabin Middleboro Restaurant, family: independent R 17 90 114 E Grove St 02346-2747 508-946-5441 Mr. Richard McCann President 114 E Grove St Middleborough MA 02346 2747 5812-0502
R McDonalds Middleboro Fast-food restaurant, chain R 50 274 P O Box 1260 02346-4260 508-947-5600 Mr. Jason Ferris Manager 4 E Clark St Middleborough MA 02346 1815 5812-0307
R Dairy Queen Middleboro Ice cream stands or dairy bars R 15 82 7 E Grove St 02346-1826 508-947-0192 Mr. George Pennini Owner 7 E Grove St Middleborough MA 02346 1826 5812-0203
R Hideaway Restaurant Inc Middleboro American restaurant R 36 197 P O Box 589 02346-0589 508-947-5188 Mr. Damon Desrosiers President 9 Station St Middleborough MA 02346 2130 5812-0101
R C JS Stage Stop Middleboro Eating places R 30 164 P O Box 183 02346-0183 508-947-9297 Mr. Charles Einstein President 407 W Grove St Middleborough MA 02346 1419 5812-0000
R Papa Ginos Middleboro Italian restaurant R 38 205 438 W Grove St 02346-1459 508-946-1066 Mr. Joseph Hughes Manager 438 W Grove St Middleborough MA 02346 1459 5812-0108
R Burger King Middleboro Fast-food restaurant, chain R 48 263 460 W Grove St 02346-1420 508-947-5309 Ms. Joan Fruzzetti Manager 460 W Grove St Middleborough MA 02346 1420 5812-0307
R Lorenzos Italian Restaurant Middleboro Italian restaurant R 75 411 500 W Grove St 02346-1455 508-947-3000 Arcangela Maffeo President 500 W Grove St Middleborough MA 02346 1455 5812-0108
R Fireside Grille Middleboro Steak restaurant R 210 1151 30 Bedford St 02346-1424 508-947-5333 Mr. David Fisher President 30 Bedford St Middleborough MA 02346 1424 5812-0802
R Persys Place Inc Middleboro Eating places R 30 164 43 Bedford St 02346-1047 508-946-0022 Mr. Robert Heston President 43 Bedford St Middleborough MA 02346 1047 5812-0000
IH Atrium Nursing Center Llc Middleborough I 54 294 314 Marion Rd 02346-3104 508-947-8632 Mr. Todd Logan Finance 314 Marion Rd Middleborough MA 02346 3104
IH Hannah B G Middleborough I 30 162 299 Wareham Street PO Bo02346 299 Wareham Street Middleborough MA 02346
F Ocean Spray Cranberries Inc Middleborough Fruits and fruit products, in cans, jars V 0 0 P O Box 152 02346-0152 508-947-4940 H Hawthorne Chief Executive Officer 152 Bridge St Middleborough MA 02346 0152 2033-0300
F Woodbrook Cranberries Middleborough Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 99 Tispaquin St 02346-3325 508-947-6027 99 Tispaquin St Middleborough MA 02346 3325 2033-0500
G Stop & Shop Middleborough Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 Taunton St RR 28 02346 508-947-3466 Steven De Silva Manager Taunton St Middleborough MA 02346 5411-0101
F Red Eye Cranberry Middleborough Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 156 Thomas St 02346-3322 508-946-2666 156 Thomas St Middleborough MA 02346 3322 2033-0500
G Victory Supermarkets Middleborough Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 3 Merchants Way 02346-1818 508-947-4787 Mike Richardson Manager 3 Merchants Way Middleborough MA 02346 1818 5411-0101
F R M Lawton Cranberries Inc Middleborough Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 148 W Grove St # 3a 02346-1457 508-947-7465 Mr. Russell M Lawton Owner 148 W Grove St Middleborough MA 02346 1457 2033-0500
IH Forestview Middleborough I 80 440 15 Forest St 02346-2013 508-295-6264 Mr. Russell Brown Manager 15 Forest St Middleborough MA 02346 2013
F Lorenzos Italtian Middleborough Pasta, uncooked: packaged with oth P 0 0 500 W Grove St 02346-1455 508-947-6200 Mr. Angelo Maffeo Owner 500 W Grove St Middleborough MA 02346 1455 2099-0802
IH Oak Hill Middleborough I 49 270 76 North St 02346-1619 Mr. Dan Grimes Principal 76 North St Middleborough MA 02346 1619
R Marriott North Dartmouth Eating places R 165 904 285 Old Westport Rd 02747-2356 508-999-8141 Ms. Felicia Brown Director 285 Old Westport Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 2356 5812-0000
R Not Your Average Joes Inc North Dartmouth Family restaurants R 98 534 75 State Rd 02747-2919 781-453-9300 Mr. Greg Smith General Manager 75 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 2919 5812-0500
R McDonalds North Dartmouth Fast-food restaurant, chain R 60 329 205 State Rd 02747-2649 508-993-3772 Mr. Paul Osborne Manager 205 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 2649 5812-0307
R Burger King North Dartmouth Fast-food restaurant, chain R 45 247 247 State Rd 02747-2612 508-990-2970 Ms. Ann Koohy 247 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 2612 5812-0307
R Ponderosa Steakhouse North Dartmouth Steak restaurant R 60 329 271 State Rd 02747-4311 508-993-3708 Mr. Paul Mullen 271 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 4311 5812-0802
R Friendlys North Dartmouth Restaurant, family: chain R 75 411 307 State Rd 02747-4313 508-994-9657 Ms. Kathy Edward Manager 307 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 4313 5812-0501
R Papa Ginos North Dartmouth Italian restaurant R 45 247 329 State Rd 02747-4313 508-997-5800 Ms. Valerie Cambra Manager 329 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 4313 5812-0108
R Weathervane Seafoods Inc North Dartmouth Seafood restaurants R 143 781 349 State Rd 02747-4313 508-993-7991 Ms. Michele Drew General Manager 349 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 4313 5812-0700
R Perseys Place North Dartmouth Eating places R 36 197 715 State Rd 02747-1821 508-999-4223 Mr. Keith Barnicoat Partner 715 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 1821 5812-0000
R Showbiz Pizza North Dartmouth Pizzeria, chain R 38 205 412 and 418 State Rd 6 02747 508-993-9969 Mr. Steve Spillane Branch Manager 412 and 418 State Rd 6 Dartmouth MA 02747 5812-0601
R Old Country Buffet North Dartmouth Buffet (eating places) R 135 740 424 State Rd 02747-4302 508-990-7992 Mr. Rodger Levesque Branch Manager 424 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 4302 5812-9901
R Gumbo Restaurant Inc North Dartmouth Chinese restaurant R 30 164 411 State Rd 02747-4304 508-992-4945 Bobby Leung President 411 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 4304 5812-0103
R Wendys North Dartmouth Fast-food restaurant, chain R 50 274 449 State Rd 02747-4307 508-984-5601 Rui Moreira Manager 449 State Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 4307 5812-0307
R Ruby Tuesday North Dartmouth Restaurant, family: chain R 90 493 83-85 N Dartmouth Mall 02747 508-979-8973 Mr. Joe Monger Manager 83-85 N Dartmouth Mall Dartmouth MA 02747 5812-0501
R Rainonis Inc North Dartmouth Italian restaurant R 38 205 146b N Dartmouth Mall 02747-4204 508-999-4402 Mr. Edward Winterhalter President 146b N Dartmouth Mall Dartmouth MA 02747 4204 5812-0108
R Friendlys North Dartmouth Restaurant, family: chain R 53 288 139 N Dartmouth Mall 02747-4201 508-999-4381 Mr. Louis Bournes Manager 139 N Dartmouth Mall Dartmouth MA 02747 4201 5812-0501
R McDonalds North Dartmouth Fast-food restaurant, chain R 68 370 135 Faunce Corner Rd 02747-1213 508-992-9269 Damingos Gag Branch Manager 135 Faunce Corner Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 1213 5812-0307
R 99 Restaurant & Pub North Dartmouth American restaurant R 150 822 161 Faunce Corner Rd 02747-1213 508-999-0099 Lynn Lombard Manager 161 Faunce Corner Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 1213 5812-0101
R Just Another Phoenix North Dartmouth Eating places R 30 164 450 Faunce Corner Rd 02747-1217 508-995-1610 Mr. Aaron Carlson Manager 450 Faunce Corner Rd Dartmouth MA 02747 1217 5812-0000
R Gillys Pub Inc North Easton Eating places R 30 164 689 Depot St 02356-2743 508-230-2330 Ms. Candice Gomes President 689 Depot St Easton MA 02356 2743 5812-0000
R Wicker Tree Catering North Falmouth Caterers R 23 123 P O Box 315 02556-0315 508-563-6071 Eliezabeth Heald President Routes 28a 5 Beaman Ln Falmouth MA 02556 5812-9903
R Half Tide Tavern North Falmouth Eating places R 30 164 P O Box 1798 02556-1798 508-563-6464 Mr. Ed Hannon President 1356 Rt 28 A Bourne MA 02534 5812-0000
R Bobby Hacketts Restaurant North Pembroke Seafood restaurants R 90 493 P O Box 585 02358-0585 781-826-3161 Mr. Robert Hackett President 615 Old Washington St Pembroke MA 02359 5812-0700
R Pattys Place Norton Eating places R 23 123 363 Old Colony Rd 02766-2016 508-226-2766 Ms. Patrica Panek Owner 363 Old Colony Rd Norton MA 02766 2016 5812-0000
R OBriens Restaurant Norton Coffee shop R 30 164 416 Old Colony Rd 02766-2020 508-222-0769 Mr. William Dennis President 416 Old Colony Rd Norton MA 02766 2020 5812-0304
R Mc Shae Norton Pizza restaurants R 39 214 P O Box 50 02766-0050 508-226-2801 Mr. Roy McSweeney Owner 292 W Main St Norton MA 02766 2100 5812-0600
IC Wheaton College Norton I 104 570 26 East Main Street 02766 508-285-8200 Ms. Dale Rogers President 26 East Main Street Norton MA 02766
R Robodash Seafood & Deli Norton Seafood restaurants R 23 123 130 Mansfield Ave 02766-2200 508-286-4191 Mr. Bruce Monihan President 130 Mansfield Ave Norton MA 02766 2200 5812-0700
G Roche Bros Supermarkets Norton Supermarkets, chain G 375 2055 175 Mansfield Ave 02766-1333 508-285-3600 Kevin Fry Manager 175 Mansfield Ave Norton MA 02766 1333 5411-0101
R McDonalds Norton Fast-food restaurant, chain R 65 356 175 Mansfield Ave 02766-1333 508-285-5083 Ms. Dona Olson President 175 Mansfield Ave Norton MA 02766 1333 5812-0307
IH Epoch Senior Healthcare Care Norton Norton I 52 286 184 Mansfield 02766 184 Mansfield Norton MA 02766
F Montiones Bakery Norton Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 P O Box N 02766-0941 508-285-7004 Ms. Mary Montione Owner 253 Mansfield Ave Norton MA 02766 1334 2051-0000
R Anns Place Norton Eating places R 120 658 P O Box 473 02766-0473 508-285-9766 Mr. Jim Seremetis President 48 Bay Rd Norton MA 02766 3036 5812-0000
Annual Production Daily Production
CATCODE NAME TOWN SIC8NAME Type of Waste (wet tons/yr) (wet lbs/d) ADDRESS MAILZIP9 PHONE EXECFULL EXECTITLE PHYADD PHYTOWN PHYSTATE PHYZIP5 PHYPLUS4 SIC8
G Reliable Self Service Market Oak Bluffs Grocery stores, independent G 18 99 P O Box 542 02557-0542 508-693-1102 Irene Pacheco President 36 Circuit Ave Oak Bluffs MA 02557 0542 5411-9905
R Circuit Cafe Oak Bluffs Eating places R 15 82 155 Circuit Ave 02557 508-693-4585 Mr. Guy Codding Owner 155 Circuit Ave Oak Bluffs MA 02557 5812-0000
R City Ale & Oyster Oak Bluffs Eating places R 38 205 30 Kennebec Ave 02557 508-693-2626 Mr. Bob Al Owner 30 Kennebec Ave Oak Bluffs MA 02557 5812-0000
R Fishbones Oak Bluffs Seafood restaurants R 30 164 P O Box 2521 02557-2521 508-696-8227 Carroll Berndt President 6 Circuit AV EXT Oak Bluffs MA 02557 5812-0700
R Linda Jeans Restaurant Oak Bluffs American restaurant R 23 123 P O Box 3009 02557-3009 508-693-4093 Mr. Marc Hanover President 34 Circuit Ave Oak Bluffs MA 02557 5812-0101
R Nancys Snack Bar Inc Oak Bluffs Eating places R 23 123 P O Box 58 02557-0058 508-693-0006 Mr. Joseph Mougabber President 29 Lake Ave Oak Bluffs MA 02557 5812-0000
R Ocean View Inc Oak Bluffs Eating places R 30 164 P O Box 1085 02557-1085 508-693-2207 Mr. Ronald Jackson President Chapman Ave Oak Bluffs MA 02557 5812-0000
R Seasons Eatery and Pub Oak Bluffs Eating places R 45 247 P O Box 1075 02557-1075 508-693-7129 Mr. Robert Murphy Principal 19 Circuit Ave Oak Bluffs MA 02557 5812-0000
R Topside Inc Oak Bluffs Cafe R 15 82 P O Box 2369 02557-2369 508-693-1454 Ms. Shirley Pachico President 4 Circuit Oak Bluffs MA 02557 5812-9902
IH Windemere Nursing on Martha's Vineyard Oak Bluffs I 52 286 Linton Lane PO Box 1747 02557 Linton Lane Oak Bluffs MA 02557
IH Marthas Vineyard Hospital Oak Bluffs I 16 85 P O Box 1477 02557-1477 413-967-2153 Mr. Kevin Burchill president Linton Lane Oak Bluffs MA 02557 1477
R Baileys Surf & Turf Onset Eating places R 45 247 P O Box 1500 02558-1500 508-295-1700 Mr. Richard O Melia President 3056 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02557 5812-0000
R Marc Anthonys Restaurant Onset Pizza restaurants R 38 205 190 Onset Ave 02558 508-295-5956 Mr. Marc Anthony President 190 Onset Ave Wareham MA 02558 5812-0600
R Osterville Seafood Mkt Osterville Eating places R 60 329 752 Main St 02655-1904 508-428-6300 Mr. Lawrence Siscoe President 752 Main St Barnstable MA 02655 1904 5812-0000
G Stop & Shop Pembroke Supermarkets, chain G 186 1019 North River Plaza 02359 781-826-9802 William Ryan Manager North River Plaza Pembroke MA 02359 5411-0101
R Geoffreys Family Restaurant Plymouth Eating places R 53 288 2294 State Rd 02360-5178 508-888-9756 Ms. Kay Gendreau President 2294 State Rd Plymouth MA 02360 5178 5812-0000
G Shaws Supermarkets Inc Plymouth Supermarkets, chain G 262 1436 2260 State Road - Rte 3A 02360 508-833-2975 2260 State Road - Rte 3A Plymouth MA 02360 5411-0101
W Rock Bottom Seafood Plymouth Seafoods F 0 0 2234 State Rd 02360-5177 508-888-6678 Mr. Dennis Yeats Owner 2234 State Rd Plymouth MA 02360 5177 5146-9904
IP MCI Plymouth Plymouth I 32 174 One Bumps Pond Road 02360 One Bumps Pond Road Plymouth MA 02360
G Stop & Shop Plymouth Supermarkets, chain G 344 1884 Rte 44, Carver Road 02360 Rte 44, Carver Road Plymouth MA 02360 5411-0101
F Forges Cranberry Plymouth Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 169 Old Sandwich Rd 02360-2511 508-830-6883 Mr. Paul Whipple Owner 169 Old Sandwich Rd Plymouth MA 02360 2511 2033-0500
G Stop & Shop Plymouth Supermarkets, chain G 155 851 Rte 3A 02345 Rte 3A Plymouth MA 02345 5411-0101
R Hungry Tiger Plymouth Eating places R 20 107 24 Camelot Dr 02360-3015 508-747-9780 Mr. Bob Schanck Manager 24 Camelot Dr Plymouth MA 02360 3015 5812-0000
F Ferrero USA Plymouth Candy and other confectionery produ S 0 0 96 Columbia Cir 02360-4958 508-746-6688 96 Columbia Cir Plymouth MA 02360 4958 2064-0000
IH Life Care Center of Plymouth Plymouth I 74 405 94 Obery St 02360-2130 508-821-5700 Mr. Joseph Beno Director 94 Obery St Plymouth MA 02360 2130
F Teresas Treat Plymouth Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 5 Karle Pl 02360-2049 508-746-0570 Ms. Teresa De Luca Owner 5 Karle Pl Plymouth MA 02360 2049 2051-0000
R Papa Ginos Plymouth Italian restaurant R 60 329 81 Carver Rd 02360-4643 508-747-5386 Liane Pole Manager 81 Carver Rd Plymouth MA 02360 4643 5812-0108
IH Jordan Hospital (inc) Plymouth I 86 472 275 Sandwich St 02360-2183 617-732-2900 Mr. Alan Knight President 275 Sandwich St Plymouth MA 02360 2183
R CJS Enterprises Llc Plymouth Eating places R 75 411 P O Box 960 02362-0960 508-746-3330 Mr. Chris Shortall Principal 140 Warren Ave Plymouth MA 02360 2427 5812-0000
IH Beverly Manor of Plymouth Plymouth I 50 273 19 Obery St 02360-2129 508-747-4790 Ms. Linda Valenzano Executive Director 19 Obery St Plymouth MA 02360 2129
IH Mayflower Nursing Plymouth I 92 502 123 South St 02360-2945 Mr. James Eden President 123 South St Plymouth MA 02360 2945
IH Pilgrim Manor Plymouth I 93 507 60 Stafford ST 02360 60 Stafford ST Plymouth MA 02360
G Super Shaws Plymouth Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 10 Pilgrim Hill Rd 02360-6123 508-747-2325 David Holt Branch Manager 10 Pilgrim Hill Rd Plymouth MA 02360 6123 5411-0101
IH Peter Chapman Plymouth I 12 67 25 Sandwich St 3rd Fl 02360 25 Sandwich St 3rd Fl Plymouth MA 02360
R Friendlys Plymouth Restaurant, family: chain R 53 288 15 Sandwich St 02360-3353 508-746-7300 Mr. Art Choate Manager 15 Sandwich St Plymouth MA 02360 3353 5812-0501
R Run of The Mill Plymouth Eating places R 38 205 6 Spring Ln 02360-3400 508-830-1262 Mr. Tom Howard President 6 Spring Ln Plymouth MA 02360 3400 5812-0000
R McDonalds Plymouth Fast-food restaurant, chain R 75 411 143 Samoset St 02360-4801 508-746-9885 Mr. Walter Scott Manager 143 Samoset St Plymouth MA 02360 4801 5812-0307
R Jigger Johnsons Restaurant Plymouth Sandwiches and submarines shop R 38 205 P O Box 88 02360 603-536-2992 Mr. Doug Smith President 75 Main St Plymouth MA 02360 3328 5812-0313
R Burger King Plymouth Fast-food restaurant, chain R 38 205 140 Samoset St 02360-4802 508-830-9610 Mr. Mike Stocken Manager 140 Samoset St Plymouth MA 02360 4802 5812-0307
R Colonial Restaurant Plymouth Restaurant, family: independent R 38 205 39 Main St 02360-3327 508-746-0838 Mr. George Marinos President 39 Main St Plymouth MA 02360 3327 5812-0502
R Mayflower Restaurant Plymouth Eating places R 83 452 14 Union St 02360-3372 508-747-4503 Mr. Bob Reardon Manager 14 Union St Plymouth MA 02360 3372 5812-0000
R East Bay Grill Inc Plymouth American restaurant R 113 616 Town Wharf 173 Water St 02360 508-746-9751 Mr. Timothy Colton President Town Wharf 173 Water St Plymouth MA 02360 5812-0101
R All American Diner Inc Plymouth Caterers R 26 140 60 Court St 02360-3825 508-747-4763 Mr. Alan Fletcher President 60 Court St Plymouth MA 02360 3825 5812-9903
R Ming Dynasty Plymouth Chinese restaurant R 38 205 21 Memorial Dr 02360-3877 508-746-7600 Mr. Harry Mah President 21 Memorial Dr Plymouth MA 02360 3877 5812-0103
R Papa Ginos Plymouth Italian restaurant R 53 288 1 Samoset St 02360-4545 508-747-3535 Mr. Max Slevoy General Manager 1 Samoset St Plymouth MA 02360 4545 5812-0108
F Plymouth Bay Winery Plymouth Wines A 0 0 P O Box 1161 02362-1161 508-746-2100 Ms. Kathy Cherry Owner 114 Water St Plymouth MA 02360 3864 2084-0100
R Isaacs Restaurant Inc Plymouth Eating places R 60 329 114 Water St 02360-3864 508-830-0001 Mr. Robert Infusino President 114 Water St Plymouth MA 02360 3864 5812-0000
R Weathervane Seafoods Inc Plymouth Seafood restaurants R 128 699 6 Town Wharf 02360-3848 508-746-4195 Mr. Shawn Wood Manager 6 Town Wharf Plymouth MA 02360 3848 5812-0700
R Mama Mias Restaurant Plymouth Italian restaurant R 60 329 122 Water St 02360-3837 508-747-4670 Mr. Sam Viscariello Owner 122 Water St Plymouth MA 02360 3837 5812-0108
R Als Restaurant Plymouth Fast food restaurants and stands R 33 181 136 Water St 02360-3838 508-746-3383 Mr. Albert Stevens Owner 136 Water St Plymouth MA 02360 3838 5812-0300
R Lobster Hut Plymouth Seafood restaurants R 45 247 25 Town Wharf 02360-3848 508-746-2270 Mr. Bert Hinderscheid President 25 Town Wharf Plymouth MA 02360 3848 5812-0700
R Iguanas Mexican Restaurant Plymouth Mexican restaurant R 15 82 170 Water St 02360-3862 508-747-4000 Mr. Richard Cunha Owner 170 Water St Plymouth MA 02360 3862 5812-0112
C Sheraton Inn Plymouth Plymouth I 16 88 180 Water Street 02360 508-747-4900 180 Water Street Plymouth MA 02360
R Ernies Restaurant Plymouth American restaurant R 53 288 330 Court St 02360-4325 508-746-3444 Mr. Gerald Pimental President 330 Court St Plymouth MA 02360 4325 5812-0101
G Clydes Bakery-Deli Inc Plymouth Delicatessen stores G 15 82 358 Court St 02360-4348 508-746-6066 Eugene Calahan President 358 Court St Plymouth MA 02360 4348 5411-9902
R Arthurs Plymouth Seafood restaurants R 30 164 390 Court St 02360-7307 508-746-2343 Mr. John Sullivan President 390 Court St Plymouth MA 02360 7307 5812-0700
R Handlebar Harrys Plymouth Family restaurants R 42 230 377 Cordage Park Bldg 3 02360 508-747-1922 Ms. Louise Houston Owner 377 Cordage Park Bldg 3 Plymouth MA 02360 5812-0500
IH Mariner Health At Longwood Plympton I 54 294 101 Cedar St 02367-1119 617-232-9370 Ms. Nancy Coulombe Owner 101 Cedar St Plympton MA 02367 1119
IH Life Care Center of Raynham Raynham I 76 416 546 South St E 02767-1079 Ms. Tina Schmottlach Executive Director 546 South St E Raynham MA 02767 1079
W James A Pacheco Egg Company Raynham Eggs M 0 0 648 South St E 02767-5172 508-822-4792 Mr. James Pacheco Owner 648 South St E Raynham MA 02767 5172 5144-9901
R Papa Ginos Raynham Italian restaurant R 45 247 436 New Cape Hwy 02767 508-823-1300 Mr. Nelson Cuto Branch Manager 436 New Cape Hwy Raynham MA 02767 5812-0108
R Stoneforge Public House Raynham Eating places R 38 205 90 Paramount Dr 02767-1001 508-977-9830 Mr. William Roland Owner 90 Paramount Dr Raynham MA 02767 1001 5812-0000
R La Garlic Restaurant Raynham Italian restaurant R 45 247 1649 New State Hwy 02767-1020 508-880-2440 Mr. Robert Nichols President 1649 New State Hwy Raynham MA 02767 1020 5812-0108
R The Jockey Club Inc Raynham Caterers R 38 205 115 New State Hwy 02767-1440 508-828-9128 Mr. John Sullivan President 115 New State Hwy Raynham MA 02767 1440 5812-9903
G Stop & Shop Raynham Supermarkets, chain G 150 822 36 New State Hwy, Rte 44 02767-1401 508-824-8800 Russell Raymond Manager 36 New State Hwy, Rte 44 Raynham MA 02767 1401 5411-0101
G Super Shaws Raynham Supermarkets, chain G 263 1438 Route 44 Middleboro Road 02767 508-822-5660 Kim Butts Manager Route 44 Middleboro Road Raynham MA 02767 5411-0101
R McDonalds Raynham Fast-food restaurant, chain R 38 205 Rur Rte 44 02767 508-823-2022 Ms. Catherine Briessett Manager 365 Route 44 Raynham MA 02767 1441 5812-0307
R Friendlys Raynham Restaurant, family: chain R 75 411 427 New State Hwy 44 02767-1442 508-822-6966 Mr. Charles Clark Manager 427 New State Hwy 44 Raynham MA 02767 1442 5812-0501
G Colettis Market Raynham Delicatessen stores G 15 82 470 N Main St 02767-1629 508-822-8817 Ernie Coletti Owner 470 N Main St Raynham MA 02767 1629 5411-9902
R B B Binks Raynham American restaurant R 45 247 P O Box 179 02767-0179 508-823-7600 Ms. Karen Whitty President 524 Broadway Raynham MA 02767 1796 5812-0101
R Pepperonis Raynham Pizza restaurants R 29 156 855 Broadway 02767-5226 508-821-3222 Mr. Victor Martinez President 855 Broadway Raynham MA 02767 5226 5812-0600
R McDonalds Raynham Fast-food restaurant, chain R 90 493 947 Broadway 02767-1757 508-828-1733 Mr. Rich Mendoca Manager 947 Broadway Raynham MA 02767 1757 5812-0307
G Trucchis Supermarket Raynham Supermarkets, chain G 75 411 1062 Broadway 02767-1944 508-824-7517 David Trucchi President 1062 Broadway Raynham MA 02767 1944 5411-0101
R Christphers Seafood Steakhouse Raynham Steak restaurant R 24 132 1285 Broadway 02767-1979 508-824-9016 Mr. Theodore Kesari President 1285 Broadway Raynham MA 02767 1979 5812-0802
R Great American Pub The Raynham American restaurant R 83 452 P O Box 46 02767-0046 508-824-4880 Mr. Walter Collins President 1736 Broadway Raynham MA 02767 1966 5812-0101
R Massasoit Catering Inc Raynham Caterers R 300 1644 P O Box 172 02767-0172 508-824-4071 Mr. George Carney President 1958 Broadway Raynham MA 02767 1900 5812-9903
R Honey Dew Rehobeth Rehoboth Snack shop R 15 82 317 Tremont St 02769-2707 508-431-2784 Mr. Steve Provaza Owner 317 Tremont St Rehoboth MA 02769 2707 5812-0315
G Lloyds Market Inc Rochester Grocery stores, independent G 15 82 4 Hartley Rd 02770-1608 508-763-5673 Jay George President 4 Hartley Rd Rochester MA 02770 1608 5411-9905
F Hiller Cranberries Rochester Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 265 Marys Pond Rd 02770-4015 508-763-5257 Mr. Robert Hiller President 265 Marys Pond Rd Rochester MA 02770 4015 2033-0500
F Decas Cranberry CO Rochester Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 461 Marys Pond Rd 02770-4014 508-295-1474 Mr. Peter Frenette Plant Mgr 461 Marys Pond Rd Rochester MA 02770 4014 2033-0500
F Porter Bog CO Rochester Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 Marys Pond Rd 02770 508-763-2669 Marys Pond Rd Rochester MA 02770 2033-0500
R Bridge Restaurant Sagamore Italian restaurant R 38 205 P O Box 299 02561-0299 508-888-8144 Mr. Edward Prete President 21 Cranberry Hwy RR 6 Box Bourne MA 02561 5812-0108
R McDonalds Sagamore Beach Fast-food restaurant, chain R 75 411 15 Meetinghouse Ln 02562-2412 508-888-5225 Guerin Cart Manager 15 Meetinghouse Ln Bourne MA 02562 2412 5812-0307
R Bayberrys Restaurant Inc Sandwich Restaurant, family: independent R 50 271 271 Cotuit Rd 02563-5108 508-477-4094 Metries Sakkas President 271 Cotuit Rd Sandwich MA 02563 5108 5812-0502
G A & P Super Foodmart Sandwich Supermarkets, chain G 246 1348 71 Quaker Meeting House R02563-5103 508-477-1449 71 Quaker Meeting House R Sandwich MA 02563 5103 5411-0101
G Wallace Food Mart Sandwich Grocery stores G 15 82 298 Cotuit Rd 02563-2493 508-888-8266 Rob Peterson Manager 298 Cotuit Rd Sandwich MA 02563 2493 5411-0000
G Sandwich Food Pantry Inc Sandwich Supermarkets G 45 247 P O Box 1824 02563-7824 508-888-3816 John Thomas President 331 Cotuit Rd Sandwich MA 02563 7824 5411-0100
R Marshland Restaurant Inc Sandwich Eating places R 33 181 RR Box 6a 02563 508-888-9824 Mr. Henry Cooke President RR Box 6a Sandwich MA 02563 5812-0000
R Six A Cafe Sandwich Pizza restaurants R 15 82 Rur Rte 6 02563 508-888-5220 Mr. James Stesos Owner Rur Rte 6 Sandwich MA 02563 5812-0600
IH The Rehabilitation Hospital of the Cape and Sandwich I 37 205 311 Service Road 02537 508-833-4001 311 Service Road Sandwich MA 02537
C Heritage Plantation of Sandwich Sandwich I 16 88 Pine and Grove Streets 02563 508-888-3300 Pine and Grove Streets Sandwich MA 02563
R Sweet Tomatoes Sandwich Eating places R 17 90 148 Route 6a 02563-2046 508-888-5979 Ms. Nancy Yetman Principal 148 Route 6a Sandwich MA 02563 2046 5812-0000
R Daniel Webster Inn Sandwich Eating places R 525 2877 149 Main St 02563-2271 508-888-3622 Mr. Vincent Catania President 149 Main St Sandwich MA 02563 2271 5812-0000
R Ice Cream Sandwich Inc Sandwich Ice cream stands or dairy bars R 15 82 P O Box 119 02563-0119 508-888-7237 Mr. Robert Hannon President 66 Route 6a Sandwich MA 02563 1863 5812-0203
G Stop & Shop Sandwich Supermarkets, chain G 350 1918 65D Route 6A 02563 65D Route 6A Sandwich MA 02563 5411-0101
R Captain Scotts Seafood Rest Sandwich Eating places R 32 173 71 Tupper Rd 02563-1868 508-888-1675 Ms. Virginia Gossios President 71 Tupper Rd Sandwich MA 02563 1868 5812-0000
W Canal Marine Fisheries Inc Sandwich Seafoods F 0 0 20 Freezer Rd 02563-1826 508-888-0096 Mr. John Shasmaster President 20 Freezer Rd Sandwich MA 02563 1826 5146-9904
R Aqua Grille Inc Sandwich Eating places R 60 329 14 Gallo Rd 02563-1998 508-888-8889 Mr. John Zartirian President 14 Gallo Rd Sandwich MA 02563 1998 5812-0000
R Seafood Sams Sandwich Eating places R 45 247 P O Box 1129 02563-1129 508-888-4629 Mr. Jeff Lewis President 6 Coast Guard Rd Sandwich MA 02563 1996 5812-0000
R Horizons On Cape Cod Bay Sandwich American restaurant R 90 493 P O Box 2019 02563-8019 508-888-6166 Mr. Franklin Kelleher President 98 Town Neck Rd Sandwich MA 02563 1993 5812-0101
W Joes Lobster Market Inc Sandwich Seafoods F 0 0 Coast Guard Rd 02563 508-888-2971 Mr. Joseph Vaudo President Coast Guard Rd Sandwich MA 02563 5146-9904
F Rosito Bisani Seekonk Coffee roasting (except by wholesale V 0 0 1402 Fall River Ave 02771-3711 508-336-2100 Mr. Peter Lazaris President 1402 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 3711 2095-9902
R Eats Restaurant Seekonk Eating places R 17 90 1395 Fall River Ave 02771-5908 508-336-4384 Mr. George Mihailides Owner 1395 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5908 5812-0000
W Tonys Seafood Inc Seekonk Seafoods F 0 0 1365 Fall River Ave 02771-5923 508-336-6800 Mr. Angelo Pirri President 1365 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5923 5146-9904
R Friendlys Seekonk Restaurant, family: chain R 48 263 1151 Fall River Ave 02771-5814 508-336-5562 Ms. Pauline Medeiros Manager 1151 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5814 5812-0501
R Longhorn Steakhouse Seekonk Steak restaurant R 75 411 1125 Fall River Ave 02771-5814 508-336-2200 Mr. Greg Esmay 1125 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5814 5812-0802
R Old Country Buffet Seekonk Buffet (eating places) R 105 575 37 Commerce Way 02771-5816 508-336-0530 Mr. Roger Bercher Principal 37 Commerce Way Seekonk MA 02771 5816 5812-9901
R Taco Bell Seekonk Fast-food restaurant, chain R 38 205 11 Commerce Way 02771-5816 508-336-8005 Ms. Jennifer Nolan Manager 11 Commerce Way Seekonk MA 02771 5816 5812-0307
R T G I Fridays Seekonk Restaurant, family: chain R 150 822 1105 Fall River Ave 02771-5814 508-336-2258 Mr. William Lai Manager 1105 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5814 5812-0501
R Burger King Seekonk Fast-food restaurant, chain R 53 288 1009 Fall River Ave 02771-5803 508-336-8912 Mr. Gary Savigny Manager 1009 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5803 5812-0307
R Darlenes Restaraunt Seekonk Eating places R 150 822 940 Fall River Ave 02771-5821 508-336-9222 Mr. Tom Cummings President 940 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5821 5812-0000
R Vinny Testas Seekonk Italian restaurant R 113 616 353 Highland Ave 02771-5807 508-336-8488 Mr. David Tanner 353 Highland Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5807 5812-0108
R Bickfords Family Fare Seekonk Restaurant, family: chain R 75 411 965 Fall River Ave 02771-5803 508-336-5075 Mr. Mike Lewis Manager 965 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5803 5812-0501
R McDonalds Seekonk Fast-food restaurant, chain R 113 616 250 Highland Ave 02771-5808 508-336-3430 Ms. Christine Malloy Manager 250 Highland Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5808 5812-0307
G Stop & Shop Seekonk Supermarkets, chain G 300 1644 35 Highland Street 02771 508-336-5780 Jeff Morton Branch Manager 35 Highland Street Seekonk MA 02771 5411-0101
R Wendys Seekonk Fast-food restaurant, chain R 35 192 8 Highland Ave 02771-5806 508-336-4019 Mr. Thomas Rist Manager 8 Highland Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5806 5812-0307
R 99 Restaurant & Pub Seekonk American restaurant R 90 493 821 Fall River Ave 02771-5801 508-336-9899 Mr. John Simoes Manager 821 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5801 5812-0101
R Newport Creamery Inc Seekonk Family restaurants R 45 247 701 Fall River Ave 02771-5626 508-336-4519 Mr. Don Defedle Branch Manager 701 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5626 5812-0500
R Torts Bar & Grille Seekonk Grills (eating places) R 30 164 350 Fall River Ave 02771-5506 508-336-6634 Mr. Michael Tortallana President 350 Fall River Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5506 5812-0310
R Johnson & Wales Inn Seekonk Restaurant, family: independent R 117 641 213 Taunton Ave 02771-5320 508-336-8700 Ms. Kathy Cavanaugh Sales & Marketing 213 Taunton Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5320 5812-0502
R Chardonnays Seekonk Eating places R 36 197 393 Taunton Ave 02771-5230 508-336-0967 Mr. Alfred Castgiglioni President 393 Taunton Ave Seekonk MA 02771 5230 5812-0000
R Youngs Caterers Inc Seekonk Caterers R 23 123 364 Newman Ave 02771-4604 508-336-4053 Mr. Robert Young President 364 Newman Ave Seekonk MA 02771 4604 5812-9903
R Michellettis Restaurant Seekonk American restaurant R 38 205 1053 Newman Ave 02771-4431 508-761-6370 Mr. Paul Micheletti Owner 1053 Newman Ave Seekonk MA 02771 4431 5812-0101
G Butsons Enterprises of Mass Seekonk Supermarkets, chain G 204 1118 1475 Newman Ave 02771-2618 508-399-5624 Richard Coon Branch Manager 1475 Newman Ave Seekonk MA 02771 2618 5411-0101
W Hershey Ice Cream Seekonk Ice cream and ices D 0 0 107 Pond St 02771-3925 508-399-8560 Mr. Bill Murphy Manager 107 Pond St Seekonk MA 02771 3925 5143-9905
R Rogers Family Restaurant Somerset Eating places R 21 115 1229 Wilbur Ave 02725-1816 508-672-9472 Mr. Roger La Flamme Owner 1229 Wilbur Ave Somerset MA 02725 1816 5812-0000
R Magonis Ferry Landing Inc Somerset Italian restaurant R 95 518 681 Riverside Ave 02725-2843 508-674-4335 Mr. Jeffrey Magoni President 681 Riverside Ave Somerset MA 02725 2843 5812-0108
G Stop & Shop Somerset Supermarkets, chain G 525 2877 Gar Hwy RR 6 02725 508-679-1373 Michael Thomas Manager Gar Hwy RR 6 Somerset MA 02725 5411-0101
R OKT Inc Somerset Cafe R 60 329 1876 Wilbur Ave 02725-1013 508-678-9118 Mr. Walter Collins President 1876 Wilbur Ave Somerset MA 02725 1013 5812-9902
R Wendys Somerset Fast-food restaurant, chain R 45 247 707 Grand Army Hwy 02726-1204 508-675-0394 Ms. Wendy Camara 707 Grand Army Hwy Somerset MA 02726 1204 5812-0307
R Burger King Somerset Fast-food restaurant, chain R 59 321 883 Grand Army Hwy 02726-1204 508-675-2621 Ms. Cheryl Walkden Manager 883 Grand Army Hwy Somerset MA 02726 1204 5812-0307
F Golden Cannoli Shells Co Inc Somerset Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 8 Garden Ave 02726-2614 617-776-5491 Sir or Madam President 8 Garden Ave Somerset MA 02726 2614 2051-0000
R Threes Company Somerset Family restaurants R 21 115 1525 Riverside Ave 02726-2809 508-679-5600 Mr. Ernie Micher President 1525 Riverside Ave Somerset MA 02726 2809 5812-0500
R Somerset Lodge Inc Somerset Eating places R 38 205 P O Box 64 02726-0064 508-672-9410 Mr. Michael Marchand President 146 County St Somerset MA 02726 4202 5812-0000
W Le Comtes All Star Dairy Somerset Dairy products, except dried or cann D 0 0 500 Wood St 02726-4690 508-672-7089 Mr. Francis Macomber President 500 Wood St Somerset MA 02726 4690 5143-0000
F Nikol Foods Inc Somerset Food preparations, nec X 0 0 3751 Riverside Ave 02726-5538 508-676-0148 Mr. Norman Jolivet President 3751 Riverside Ave Somerset MA 02726 5538 2099-0000
R China Lake Restraunt Somerset Chinese restaurant R 45 247 2732 County St 02726-3919 508-678-1888 Mr. Arthur Wong President 2732 County St Somerset MA 02726 3919 5812-0103
G Grand Central Market Somerset Grocery stores, chain G 63 345 3049 County St 02726-3922 508-675-0377 James Simcock Manager 3049 County St Somerset MA 02726 3922 5411-9904
F Preztal Maker Inc Somerset Potato chips and similar snacks J 0 0 354 Palmer St 02726-5807 617-451-1563 Mr. Claude Pilotte President 354 Palmer St Somerset MA 02726 5807 2096-0000
R Fays Too Inc South Dartmouth Eating places R 53 288 613 Dartmouth St 02748-2513 508-997-8000 Ms. Evelyn Bettencourt President 613 Dartmouth St Dartmouth MA 02748 2513 5812-0000
R Chippys Family Restaurant South Dartmouth Family restaurants R 15 82 58 Saint John St 02748-2918 508-984-4711 Ms. Colleen Leonardo President 58 Saint John St Dartmouth MA 02748 2918 5812-0500
R McDonalds South Dartmouth Fast-food restaurant, chain R 105 575 179 Rockdale Ave 02748-1915 508-999-5581 Ms. Debbie Pacheco Manager 179 Rockdale Ave Dartmouth MA 02748 1915 5812-0307
R Porticello Restaurant South Easton Italian restaurant R 38 205 454 Turnpike St 02375-1736 508-230-0220 Mr. Mario Sanfillipo Owner 454 Turnpike St Easton MA 02375 1736 5812-0108
R Burger King South Easton Fast-food restaurant, chain R 45 247 479 Foundry St 02375-1774 508-238-0302 Mr. George Buckley Manager 479 Foundry St Easton MA 02375 1774 5812-0307
R Carriage House of Easton South Easton Caterers R 38 205 310 Turnpike St 02375-1708 508-238-1266 Mr. Steven Nolan Manager 310 Turnpike St Easton MA 02375 1708 5812-9903
R McDonalds South Easton Fast-food restaurant, chain R 40 219 639 Washington St 02375-1197 508-238-1587 Ms. Sid Borenstein Owner 639 Washington St Easton MA 02375 1197 5812-0307
R Papa Ginos South Easton Italian restaurant R 53 288 594 Washington St 02375-1918 508-238-0118 Mr. Fernando Aguiar General Manager 594 Washington St Easton MA 02375 1918 5812-0108
R Dominos Pizza South Yarmouth Pizzeria, chain R 15 82 P O Box 189 02664-0189 508-540-8004 Ms. Debbie Plamento President 367 Main St Falmouth MA 02540 3158 5812-0601
IH Sweet Brook Care Center Swansea I 54 294 115 Wilbur Ave 02777-2619 413-458-8127 Mr. Carlton Albritton President 115 Wilbur Ave Swansea MA 02777 2619
G Rudys Country Store Inc Swansea Grocery stores, independent G 30 164 P O Box 496 02777-0496 508-673-3996 Daniel Durso President 395 Wilbur Ave Swansea MA 02777 0496 5411-9905
R Venus De Milo Swansea Eating places R 375 2055 75 G A R Hwy 02777-3214 508-678-3901 Mr. Ronald Ferris President 75 G A R Hwy Swansea MA 02777 3214 5812-0000
G Hi-Lo Supermarket Swansea Grocery stores G 96 526 579 Gar Hwy HI 02777-4587 508-324-4633 Cesar Simas Manager 579 Gar Hwy Swansea MA 02777 4587 5411-0000
R Ponderosa Steakhouse Swansea Steak restaurant R 45 247 728 G A R Hwy 02777-4590 508-677-2211 Mr. Billy Smith Manager 728 G A R Hwy Swansea MA 02777 4590 5812-0802
R Burger King Swansea Fast-food restaurant, chain R 45 247 736 Grand Army Hwy 02777-4590 508-676-1410 Mr. Bob Hartnett General Manager 736 Grand Army Hwy Swansea MA 02777 4590 5812-0307
R McDonalds Swansea Fast-food restaurant, chain R 113 616 731 Grand Army Hwy 02777-4502 508-672-9453 Mr. Dane Pursley Manager 731 Grand Army Hwy Swansea MA 02777 4502 5812-0307
R Friendlys Swansea Restaurant, family: chain R 60 329 748 G A R Hwy 02777-4590 508-676-9694 Mr. Dan Ferreira General Manager 748 G A R Hwy Swansea MA 02777 4590 5812-0501
R Ruby Tuesday Swansea Restaurant, family: chain R 75 411 7070 Swansea Mall Dr 02777 508-678-3343 Mr. Michael Vaccaro Manager 7070 Swansea Mall Dr Swansea MA 02777 5812-0501
R Kents Inc Swansea Restaurant, family: chain R 50 271 1675 G A R Hwy 02777-3901 508-672-9293 Ms. Donna Leonard President 1675 G A R Hwy Swansea MA 02777 3901 5812-0501
R Corner Stone Restaurant & Bky Swansea Eating places R 38 205 1713 G A R Hwy 02777-3901 508-676-1220 Mr. John Olivera Owner 1713 G A R Hwy Swansea MA 02777 3901 5812-0000
F Star Pickling Corp Inc Swansea Pickled fruits and vegetables V 0 0 941 Wood St 02777-3550 508-672-8535 Mr. Joseph Castro President 941 Wood St Swansea MA 02777 3550 2035-0200
R Complete Collision Center Swansea Eating places R 24 132 2100 Gar Hwy 02777-3930 508-379-1002 Mr. John Salvera President 2100 Gar Hwy Swansea MA 02777 3930 5812-0000
R Cathay Pearl Restaurant Swansea Chinese restaurant R 23 123 2416 Grand Army Hwy 02777-3322 508-379-1188 Shee Chu President 2416 Grand Army Hwy Swansea MA 02777 3322 5812-0103
F Baker's Slaughter House Swansea Meat packing plants M 0 0 235 Locust St 02777-3540 508-676-0783 Mr. Antonio Rodrigues Owner 235 Locust St Swansea MA 02777 3540 2011-0000
Annual Production Daily Production
CATCODE NAME TOWN SIC8NAME Type of Waste (wet tons/yr) (wet lbs/d) ADDRESS MAILZIP9 PHONE EXECFULL EXECTITLE PHYADD PHYTOWN PHYSTATE PHYZIP5 PHYPLUS4 SIC8
R Bertuccis Brick Oven Pizzeria Taunton Pizza restaurants R 75 411 2 Galleria Mall Dr 02780-6913 508-880-0222 Mr. Allan Dalencia Manager 2 Galleria Mall Dr Taunton MA 02780 6913 5812-0600
R Ground Round Taunton Restaurant, family: chain R 38 205 2 Galleria Mall Dr 02780-6913 508-823-7847 Mr. Greg Pettiglio Branch Manager 2 Galleria Mall Dr Taunton MA 02780 6913 5812-0501
R Taco Bell Taunton Fast-food restaurant, chain R 35 192 2 Galleria Mall Dr 02780-6913 508-822-7165 Mr. Roger Lockwood President 2 Galleria Mall Dr Taunton MA 02780 6913 5812-0307
R Simon Says Taunton Eating places R 17 90 94 1/2 Lawton Ave 02780-5057 508-823-6708 Lynn Simon Owner 94 1/2 Lawton Ave Taunton MA 02780 5057 5812-0000
F Newcastle Donuts Llc Taunton Biscuits, baked; baking powder and B 0 0 874 County St 02780-3748 508-822-5698 Mr. Ken Larsen President 874 County St Taunton MA 02780 3748 2051-0102
R Curleys Pub Taunton Eating places R 42 230 431 Winthrop St 02780-2154 508-823-8664 Mari Curley Owner 431 Winthrop St Taunton MA 02780 2154 5812-0000
F Garda Dairy Farm Taunton Fluid milk D 0 0 114 Linden St 02780-3622 508-824-7842 Sir or Madam President 114 Linden St Taunton MA 02780 3622 2026-0000
R New Weir Pizza & Restaurant Taunton Pizza restaurants R 45 247 49 W Water St 02780-4850 508-823-4933 Mr. John Karagerogos President 49 W Water St Taunton MA 02780 4850 5812-0600
G Trucchis Supermarket Taunton Supermarkets, chain G 225 1233 534 County St 02780-3604 508-824-8941 Kim Cloutier Manager 534 County St Taunton MA 02780 3604 5411-0101
R May Villa Restaurant Taunton Chinese restaurant R 15 82 336 Winthrop St 02780-4308 508-824-1307 Ms. May Hoo President 336 Winthrop St Taunton MA 02780 4308 5812-0103
R Papa Ginos Taunton Italian restaurant R 38 205 294 Winthrop St Ste 164 02780-4306 508-823-8800 Ms. Channa Lund Manager 294 Winthrop St Ste 164 Taunton MA 02780 4306 5812-0108
G Super Shaws Taunton Supermarkets, chain G 300 1644 Warner Blvd Route 44 02780 508-822-0137 Kevin Morrison Manager Warner Blvd Route 44 Taunton MA 02780 5411-0101
R McDonalds Taunton Fast-food restaurant, chain R 98 534 282 Winthrop St 02780-4340 508-823-8050 Ms. Charlene Rodriquez Manager 282 Winthrop St Taunton MA 02780 4340 5812-0307
F Via Della Chiesa Vineyards Taunton Wines A 0 0 250 Cape Hwy 02718-1513 508-823-2332 Mr. Robert Dicroce President 250 Cape Hwy Taunton MA 02718 1513 2084-0100
IH Marian Manor of Taunton Taunton I 57 313 33 Summer St 02780-3408 Mr. Thomas Healy Principal 33 Summer St Taunton MA 02780 3408
R Lombardi Brothers Sports Pub Taunton Eating places R 24 132 16 Trescott St 18 02780-3219 508-824-0071 Mr. Randy Lombardi President 16 Trescott St 18 Taunton MA 02780 3219 5812-0000
R Dunkin Donuts Taunton Coffee shop R 60 329 5 Washington St 02780-3918 508-822-6936 Mr. Richard Demers President 5 Washington St Taunton MA 02780 3918 5812-0304
IH Longmeadow of Taunton Taunton I 49 270 68 Dean Street- Rear 02780 68 Dean Street- Rear Taunton MA 02780
R Domino S Pizza Taunton Pizza restaurants R 27 148 17 Tremont St 02780-3054 508-880-0111 Mr. Edward Lee Owner 17 Tremont St Taunton MA 02780 3054 5812-0600
G Trucchis Supermarket Taunton Supermarkets, chain G 300 1644 53 Tremont St 02780-3015 508-824-5698 Ron Lima Manager 53 Tremont St Taunton MA 02780 3015 5411-0101
IH Wedgemere Convalescent Home Taunton I 46 254 146 Dean St 02780-2716 Mr. William Maloney Director 146 Dean St Taunton MA 02780 2716
R KFC Taunton Fast-food restaurant, chain R 31 170 20 Cape Rd 02780-2704 508-822-2006 Mr. Milton Darlene Owner 20 Cape Rd Taunton MA 02780 2704 5812-0307
IH Taunton State Hospital Taunton I 37 205 PO Box 4007, 60 Hodges Av02780 508-824-7551 60 Hodges Avenue Taunton MA 02780
IH Morton Hospital and Medical Center Taunton I 95 520 88 Washington 02780 508-828-7000 Mr. Thomas Porter President 88 Washington Taunton MA 02780
IH Taunton Nursing Taunton I 50 273 350 Norton Ave 02780-1270 Mr. Joseph Rego Administrator 350 Norton Ave Taunton MA 02780 1270
R Bella Roma Inc Taunton Eating places R 26 140 239 Broadway 02780-1551 508-823-5558 Mr. Elio De Fabritis President 239 Broadway Taunton MA 02780 1551 5812-0000
R Friendlys Taunton Restaurant, family: chain R 53 288 247 Broadway 02780-1508 508-822-6351 Tracy Cummings Manager 247 Broadway Taunton MA 02780 1508 5812-0501
R Benjamins Restaurant Inc Taunton American restaurant R 210 1151 698 Bay St 02780-1351 508-824-7532 Mr. George Benjamin President 698 Bay St Taunton MA 02780 1351 5812-0101
R Gondola Restrnt Taunton Cafe R 66 362 1094 Bay St 02780-1324 508-824-8754 Mr. William Ruggiero President 1094 Bay St Taunton MA 02780 1324 5812-9902
F Tropicana Taunton Canned fruits and specialties V 0 0 300 Myles Standish Blvd 02780-7364 508-821-2056 Mr. George King Manager 300 Myles Standish Blvd Taunton MA 02780 7364 2033-0000
F Chicama Vineyards Tisbury Wines A 0 0 P O Box 430 02575-0430 508-693-0309 Ms. Catherine Mathiesen Owner Stoney Hill Rd Tisbury MA 02575 0430 2084-0100
G Cronigs State Road Market Tisbury Supermarkets G 75 411 P O Box 698 02568-0698 508-693-4457 Stephen Bernier President 109 State Rd Tisbury MA 02568 0698 5411-0100
G A & P Super Foodmart Tisbury Supermarkets, chain G 150 822 P O Box 457 02568-0457 508-693-9845 Cliff Karako Branch Manager 50 Water St Tisbury MA 02568 0457 5411-0101
R Louiss Vineyard Haven Restaurant, family: independent R 38 205 P O Box 2750 02568-2750 508-693-3255 Mr. Louis Giordano President 350 State Rd Tisbury MA 02568 5624 5812-0502
R Zephrus Restaurant Vineyard Haven Family restaurants R 53 288 P O Box 428 02568-0428 508-693-2200 Mr. Sherman Goldstein 9 Main St Tisbury MA 02568 5400 5812-0500
IH Tobey Hospital Wareham I 33 178 43 High Street 02571 508-295-0880 43 High Street Wareham MA 02571
IH Forestview Nursing Home of Wareham Wareham I 80 440 50 Indian Neck Rd 02571-2174 Mr. Robert Platt President 50 Indian Neck Rd Wareham MA 02571 2174
R Narrows Crossing Wareham Seafood restaurants R 30 164 1 Narrows Rd 02571-1630 508-295-9857 Mr. Bob Nawoichik President 1 Narrows Rd Wareham MA 02571 1630 5812-0700
G Jimmie Foodliners Wareham Supermarkets, independent G 68 370 121 Marion Rd 02571-1423 508-295-4887 James Croke President 121 Marion Rd Wareham MA 02571 1423 5411-0103
W Decas Bros Whol Fruit Wareham Fruits, fresh V 0 0 219 Main St Ste A 02571-2134 508-295-0147 Ms. Georgia Chamberlain President 219 Main St Wareham MA 02571 2134 5148-0102
R 99 Restaurant & Pub Wareham American restaurant R 75 411 3013 Cranberry Hwy 02571 508-295-9909 Mr. Paul Bober General Manager 3013 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02571 5812-0101
R Burger King 4588 Wareham Fast-food restaurant, chain R 22 121 3012 A Cranberry Hwy 02571 508-291-0716 Ms. Diana Sanatos Director 3012 A Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02571 5812-0307
G Stop & Shop Wareham Supermarkets, chain G 234 1280 Rte 6 and Rte 28 02538 Rte 6 and Rte 28 Wareham MA 02538 5411-0101
G Onset Village Market Inc Wareham Grocery stores, independent G 23 123 P O Box 1750 02558-1750 508-291-1440 James Junkins President 231 ONSET AVE Wareham MA 02558 1750 5411-9905
W Main Street Seafood of Wareham Wareham Seafoods F 0 0 381 Main St 02571-2173 508-291-2220 Mr. Rick Power President 381 Main St Wareham MA 02571 2173 5146-9904
IH Millbrook Nursing and Rehab Wareham I 50 276 605 Main St 02571-1031 Mr. Paul Cummings Partner 605 Main St Wareham MA 02571 1031
R Zeadeys Wareham Italian restaurant R 38 205 2424 Cranberry Hwy 02571-1085 508-295-3489 Mr. Joseph Zeadey President 2424 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02571 1085 5812-0108
F Cranberry Grower's Svc Wareham Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 2417 Cranberry Hwy 02571-1002 508-295-2222 Mr. Peter Beaton President 2417 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02571 1002 2033-0500
F Chatam Village Foods Wareham Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 15 Kendrick Rd 02571-1077 508-291-2304 Sir or Madam President 15 Kendrick Rd Wareham MA 02571 1077 2051-0000
F Chatham Village Croutons Wareham Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 15 Kendrick Rd 02571-1072 508-291-2304 Mr. Cliff Tabke Manager 15 Kendrick Rd Wareham MA 02571 1072 2051-0000
W Calise & Sons Bakery Inc Wareham Bakery products B 0 0 12 Kendrick Rd Unit 4 02571-1078 508-291-0367 Mr. Charlie Stephanopoulos Manager 12 Kendrick Rd Unit 4 Wareham MA 02571 1078 5149-0701
W Southeast Shellfish Inc Wareham Fish and seafoods F 0 0 22 Kendrick Rd 02571-1079 508-273-0323 Mr. David Gallant President 22 Kendrick Rd Wareham MA 02571 1079 5146-0000
F Nissen John J Baking Co Inc Wareham Bread, cake, and related products B 0 0 2406 Cranberry Hwy 02571-1043 508-295-2337 Sir or Madam President 2406 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02571 1043 2051-0000
F James C Cannell Coffees Inc Wareham Coffee & tea products V 0 0 21 Patterson Brook Rd 02576-1217 508-295-7009 Mr. James C Cannell Owner 21 Patterson Brook Rd Wareham MA 02576 1217 2095-0100
F A D Makepeace CO Wareham Cranberries (Canners) V 0 0 158 Tihonet Rd 02571-1104 508-295-1000 Mr. Christopher Makepeace President 158 Tihonet Rd Wareham MA 02571 1104 2033-0500
R Yangtze China Inc West Bridgewater Chinese restaurant R 23 123 266 S Main St 02379-1751 508-583-9020 Mr. James Eng President 266 S Main St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1751 5812-0103
IH Life Care Center of West Bridgewater West Bridgewater I 74 405 765 W Center St 02379-1517 978-689-0202 Mr. Alan Richman Principal 765 W Center St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1517
R Charlie Horse West Bridgewater West Bridgewater Family restaurants R 150 822 674 W Center St 02379-1532 508-583-7252 Mr. Ed Stewart Manager 674 W Center St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1532 5812-0500
F Shonnas Gourmet Goodies Inc West Bridgewater Frozen specialties, nec X 0 0 320 W Center St Ste 106 02379-1626 508-580-2033 Mr. Howard Sherman President 320 W Center St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1626 2038-0000
R Garys Restaurant West Bridgewater Restaurant, family: independent R 75 411 115 S Main St 02379-1738 508-584-4444 Mr. Lars Eliasson President 115 S Main St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1738 5812-0502
G Trucchis Supermarket West Bridgewater Supermarkets, chain G 105 575 53 E Center St 02379-1835 508-583-0822 Allen Rose President 53 E Center St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1835 5411-0101
R Vitos West Bridgewater Italian restaurant R 15 82 275 N Main St 02379-1226 508-559-9540 Ms. Louise Paparella President 275 N Main St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1226 5812-0108
R Fredas West Bridgewater Eating places R 15 82 105 Copeland St 02379-1211 508-583-8217 Mr. Steven Stathis President 105 Copeland St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1211 5812-0000
R Mc Menmys Safood W Bridgewater West Bridgewater Seafood restaurants R 15 82 740 N Main St 02379-1235 508-584-0300 Mr. Dennis Mc Menamy President 740 N Main St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1235 5812-0700
R McDonalds West Bridgewater Fast-food restaurant, chain R 45 247 800 N Main St 02379-1235 508-584-7110 Mr. Phil Ligget Manager 800 N Main St West Bridgewater MA 02379 1235 5812-0307
R Olde Inn The West Dennis Eating places R 15 82 P O Box 451 02670-0451 508-760-2627 Diarmuid Quinn President 348 W Main St Barnstable MA 02601 3651 5812-0000
R Barnstable Tavern West Dennis Restaurant, family: independent R 45 247 P O Box 313 02670-0313 508-362-2355 Ms. Jane Label Partner 3176 Main St Barnstable MA 02630 1107 5812-0502
R Pauls Pizzeria West Falmouth Pizzeria, independent R 45 247 P O Box 98 02574-0098 508-548-5838 Mr. Shawn Noonan President 14 Benham Rd Falmouth MA 02540 3670 5812-0602
R Chapoquoit Grill Inc West Falmouth Eating places R 39 214 P O Box 1237 02574-1237 508-540-7794 Mr. John Reed Owner 410 W Falmouth Hwy Falmouth MA 02574 5812-0000
R Vels West Wareham Restaurant, family: independent R 75 411 P O Box 33 02576-0033 508-295-3224 Mr. Donald Bump President 2352 Cranberry Hwy Wareham MA 02576 1208 5812-0502
W Lees Wharf Lobster Inc Westport Fish and seafoods F 0 0 2065 Main Rd 02791 508-636-6161 Mr. Robert Gifford President 2065 Main Rd Westport MA 02791 5146-0000
W Great Southern Shrimp Co Westport Fish and seafoods F 0 0 1154 Main Rd 02790-4414 508-636-6471 Mr. Chris Killanberg President 1154 Main Rd Westport MA 02790 4414 5146-0000
F Buzzards Bay Brewing Inc Westport Malt beverages A 0 0 98 Horseneck Rd 02790-1328 508-636-2288 Mr. William Russel President 98 Horseneck Rd Westport MA 02790 1328 2082-0000
R Handy Hill Creamery Westport Drive-in restaurant R 23 123 P O Box 3393 02790-0713 508-636-8888 Ms. Beatrice Sanford President 55 Hixbridge Rd Westport MA 02790 4405 5812-0306
F Westport Rivers Inc Westport Wines A 0 0 417 Hixbridge Rd # C 02790-1316 508-636-3423 Mr. Bob Russell Owner 417 Hixbridge Rd Westport MA 02790 1316 2084-0100
G Lees Super Market Westport Grocery stores, independent G 168 921 P O Box 3329 02790-0702 508-636-3348 Albert Lees President 796 Main Rd Westport MA 02790 0702 5411-9905
W L & H Fishing Corp Westport Fish, fresh F 0 0 655 Pine Hill Rd 02790-1245 508-636-5971 Mr. Albert Lees President 655 Pine Hill Rd Westport MA 02790 1245 5146-9902
R Ellies Place Westport Eating places R 23 123 P O Box 3937 02790-0299 508-636-5590 Mr. Paul Amaral Owner 581 Drift Rd Westport MA 02790 1205 5812-0000
R Ukrainian Home Westport Eating places R 20 107 290 Robert St 02790-4920 508-672-9677 Ms. Joan Emerson President 290 Robert St Westport MA 02790 4920 5812-0000
R Whites of Westport Westport American restaurant R 225 1233 P O Box 248 02790-0248 508-675-7185 Mr. Richard Lafrance President 66 State Rd Westport MA 02790 3507 5812-0101
R Wendys Whitman Fast-food restaurant, chain R 45 247 362 Bedford St 02382-1822 781-447-2878 Mr. Steve Leblanc Manager 362 Bedford St Whitman MA 02382 1822 5812-0307
R Pie In Sky Dessert Cafe & Bky Woods Hole Cafe R 15 82 P O Box 495 02543-0495 508-540-5475 Mr. Manny Diaz Owner 10 Water St Falmouth MA 02543 1024 5812-9902
R Fishmongers Cafe Inc Woods Hole Cafe R 66 362 P O Box 468 02543-0468 508-548-9148 Ms. Frances Beuhler President 56 Water St Falmouth MA 02543 1026 5812-9902
R Captain Kidd Woods Hole American restaurant R 23 123 77 Water St 02543-1025 508-548-8563 Mr. William Crowley President 77 Water St Falmouth MA 02543 1025 5812-0101
R Shuckers Raw Bar Woods Hole Eating places R 45 247 P O Box 246 02543-0246 508-540-3850 Mr. Kevin Murphy President 91 Water St Falmouth MA 02543 1025 5812-0000
G Stop & Shop 0 50 South Water Street Vineyard Haven
G Stop & Shop 0 255 Upper Main Street Edgartown
G Stop & Shop 0 10 Bates Road Mashpee
G Roche Brothers 0 11 Donnas Lane Mashpee
G Shaws Supermarkets, Inc. 0 8 Steeple Street Mashpee
G Stop & Shop 0 3900 Falmouth Road Marston Mills
G Stop & Shop 0 333 Marianno Bishop Boulevard Fall River
G Stop & Shop 0 71 Quaker Meeting House Road Sandwich
G Stop & Shop 0 2991 Cranberry Highway East Wareham
G Shaws Supermarkets, Inc. 0 2260 State Road Plymouth
G Shaws Supermarket 0 280 Winthrop Street Taunton
G Stop & Shop 0 129 Samoset Street Plymouth
G Stop & Shop 0 341 Plymouth Street Halifax
APPENDIX D: ANAEROBIC DIGESTER HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS
D
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P:\Fairhaven, Town of\135536_Fairhaven_AD_&_CHP\Final\Reports\Final Feasibility Study.doc
APPENDIX E: DIGESTER AND CHP CALCULATIONS
E
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P:\Fairhaven, Town of\135536_Fairhaven_AD_&_CHP\Final\Reports\Final Feasibility Study.doc
Estimation of Cogeneration System Power Output
Assumptions
LHV of CH4, Btu/ft3 909
Conversion 1 kW energy production, BTU/hr 3413
Availability of Electrical Output, % 90%
Microturbine Stirling Engine IC Engine
Power generation System Efficiency, % 26% 28% 34%
Methane fuel required per kW, BTU/hr 13,127 12,189 10,038
Maximum power output per unit, kW 65 43 64 110 150 200 370
Max. biogas fuel energy usage per unit, BTU/hr 853,250 524,139 642,447 1,104,206 1,505,735 2,007,647 3,714,147
Heat recovery per unit, BTU/hr 260,000 240,000 348,228 501,858 798,876 1,027,614 1,874,286
Speed at maximum output, RPM 86 147 201 282 563
Combined Heat and Power Calculations
Feedstock Alternative 1 - WWTP sludge Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 Number of Equipment units needed
Single-stage Two-stage Single-stage Two-stage
Anaerobic Digestion Configuration Mesophilic Mesophilic Thermophilic TPAD average Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4
Hourly CH4 production, ft3/hr 588 647 588 764
Houry energy potential of CH4, Btu/hr 534,315 587,746 534,315 694,609 605,557
Microturbines
Potential electrical output from CH4, kW 41 45 41 53 45 1 1 1 1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 320,908 352,999 320,908 417,181 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 321 353 321 417
Stirling Engine
Potential electrical output from CH4, kW 44 48 44 57 48 1 1 1 1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 345,594 380,153 345,594 449,272 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 346 380 346 449
IC Engine
Potential electrical output from CH4, kW 53 59 53 69 59 1 1 1 1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 419,649 461,614 419,649 545,544 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 420 462 420 546
Feedstock Alternative 2A - WWTP sludge + FOG
Hourly CH4 production, ft3/hr 979 1,038 979 1,073
Houry energy potential of CH4, Btu/hr 889,872 943,304 889,872 975,362 936,179
Microturbines
Potential Electrical Output from CH4, kW 68 72 68 74 70 1 1 1 1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 534,455 566,546 534,455 585,800 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 534 567 534 586
Stirling Engine
Potential electrical output from CH4, kW 73 77 73 80 76 2 2 2 2
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 575,567 610,126 575,567 630,862 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 576 610 576 631
IC Engine
Potential electrical output from CH4, kW 89 94 89 97 92 1 1 1 1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 698,903 740,868 698,903 766,047 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 699 741 699 766
Feedstock Alternative 2B - WWTP sludge + FOG + Dairy + Cran Bev Waste
Hourly CH4 production, ft3/hr 1,681 1,761 1,681 1,809
Houry energy potential of CH4, Btu/hr 1,528,465 1,600,729 1,528,465 1,644,088 1,591,094
Microturbines
Potential Electrical Output from CH4, kW 116 122 116 125 120 2 2 2 2
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 917,992 961,394 917,992 987,436 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 918 961 918 987
Excess digester gas to flare, ft3/hr -78 -47 -78 -27
Stirling Engine
Potential electrical output from CH4, kW 125 131 125 135 129 3 3 3 3
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 988,607 1,035,348 988,607 1,063,392 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 989 1,035 989 1,063
Excess digester gas to flare, ft3/hr -21 13 -21 34
IC Engine
Potential electrical output from CH4, kW 152 159 152 164 157 1 1 1 1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 1,200,451 1,257,208 1,200,451 1,291,262 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 1,200 1,257 1,200 1,291
Excess digester gas to flare, ft3/hr 13 55 13 80
Feedstock Alternative 3 - WWTP sludge + FOG + Dairy + Cran Bev Waste + Food Waste
Hourly CH4 production, ft3/hr 2,478 2,557 2,478 2,605
Houry energy potential of CH4, Btu/hr 2,252,107 2,324,372 2,252,107 2,367,731 2,314,737
Microturbines
Potential Electrical Output from CH4, kW 172 177 172 180 175 3 3 3 3
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 1,352,610 1,396,013 1,352,610 1,422,054 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 1,353 1,396 1,353 1,422
Stirling Engine
Potential electrical output from CH4, kW 185 191 185 194 189 5 5 5 5
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 1,456,657 1,503,398 1,456,657 1,531,443 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 1,457 1,503 1,457 1,531
IC Engine
Potential electrical output from CH4, kW 224 232 224 236 229 2 2 2 2
Potential Annual Electrical Output, kWhr/yr 1,768,798 1,825,555 1,768,798 1,859,609 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6
Potential Annual Electrical Output, MWhr/yr 1,769 1,826 1,769 1,860
LHV: Lower Heat Value
Average power generation for digester alternatives, kW
Microturbines 103
Stirling Engine 110
IC Engine 134
CHP Building Requirements
Equipment dimensions Length, ft Width, ft Footprint, sf
Capstone microturbine 6.4 2.5 16.0
Stirling Engine 8.5 2.8 24.1
APPENDIX F: MICROTURBINE AND STIRLING CYCLE ENGINE
INSTALLATION AND REFERENCE INFORMATION
F
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P:\Fairhaven, Town of\135536_Fairhaven_AD_&_CHP\Final\Reports\Final Feasibility Study.doc
La Ciotat, France
Capstone microturbines cleanly burn waste
fuels such as methane and other waste
gases from landfills, sewage treatment
plants, livestock farms, and food waste
processing facilities to create renewable
power and heat. This replaces traditional
solutions of flaring these gases, or even
worse, letting them vent into the air, a
practice that is wasteful, polluting, and
contributes to global climate change.
In July 2007, Capstone, our distributor,
Verdesis, and several dignitaries from the
region attended the opening ceremony of
the biggest valorisation unit with biogas
microturbines in Europe. The installation is
at the landfill of Mentaure in La Ciotat,
France and it includes eighteen 65 kW
Capstone microturbines. The landfill gas is
filtered by Verdesis to eliminate water, H2S
and siloxanes. The Capstone microturbines
have shown the unique capability to run on
low methane content down to 30% CH4.
The flexibility of the microturbine to follow
rapid variation in methane content is very
useful for landfill applications. In addition,
managing the number of microturbines
allows very good matching to the methane
curve from a landfill over the years.
Installing eighteen 65 kW microtubines would result in
NOx emissions reduction equivalent to removing 734 cars
off the road.
Based on USA EPA emissions and efficiency data.
21211 Nordhoff Street, Chatsworth, CA 91311 • 877. 716.2929 • 818.407.3770 • www.microturbine.com
Madison, Wisconsin
“Using the Capstone turbines is a
great plan because they produce
lower emissions than we are
currently producing by burning
the methane in an open flare.
So, we’re not only generating
revenue, we’re helping the
environment as well.”
– John Carroll, Site Manager,
Sauk County Landfill
The Sauk County Landfill, located just northwest of Wisconsin’s capital city of Madison, has over
650,000 tons of waste. In the past, methane gas produced by decomposing waste at the 20-acre
site was just burned off in an open flare. Today this renewable energy is captured and is used to
fuel 24 C30 Capstone MicroTurbines™ providing electricity that is then sold back to the utility –
enough to power over 300 homes! Although this site started with just 12 microturbines in 2003,
it has consistently grown in size as additional microturbines were added so that currently it is the
largest landfill microturbine installation east of the Rockies.
West Bengal, India
The first microturbine project, including two
30 kW biogas systems, was commissioned
at Purulia, West Bengal in the presence of
Capstone’s distributor in India, Synergy
Renewable Energy, dignitaries from the
Government of West Bengal and the U.S.
Consul General in Kolkata. The project
was jointly funded by the Government of
India; the Government of West Bengal;
USAID and the U.S. Department of Energy.
India has a huge potential to generate
electricity in rural areas from cow-
dung-based biogas plants. The Capstone
microturbines cleanly burn waste gases
such as methane and other waste gases
from landfills, sewage treatment plants, live-
stock farms, and food waste processing
facilities to create renewable power and heat.
These microturbines that are now under
operation are providing electricity to two
villages in the Purulia district through the
West Bengal State Electricity Board grid.
21211 Nordhoff Street, Chatsworth, CA 91311 • 877. 716.2929 • 818.407.3770 • www.microturbine.com
Sheboygan, Wisconsin
In Sheboygan, Wisconsin, the
city’s waste water treatment
plant now has 10 Capstone
MicroTurbines™ that use methane
gas created by solid waste to
generate electricity and heat,
cutting the plant’s electric and
natural gas bills by 40 percent
and earning renewable energy
and emissions credits, accord-
ing to the city’s wastewater
superintendent.
This effort is not only saving
the city about $70,000 a
year, it is also helping save
the environment.
Rubi, Spain
The Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)
of Edar de Rubi was realized by the
Barcelona based company, Micropower
Europe S.L., a joint venture between
the Spanish AESA Group and the Swiss
company Verdesis Suisse SA, the exclusive
Capstone distributor for the Spanish and
the Portugal markets.
Since November 2006, the WWTP of
Rubi has re-evaluated its biogas using
Capstone microturbines to create heat and
power. This micro-cogeneration installation
with three CR65 microturbines and an
external heat exchanger has become an
important reference site for other waste
water treatment plants of Spain where the
combination of biogas treatment and the
efficient use of biogas have obtained
excellent results.
“Before we decided to install Capstone
microturbines, the biogas was used to
warm up the digester and the rest was all
burned in the torch. Now, after a year of
experience with the micro-cogeneration
plant, we can say we have saved a lot of
money on our electricity bills, covering our
peak demands during the day,” said
Ms. Sandra Rovira, the Chief Manager of
the WWTP in Rubi, Spain.
Installing three 65 kW microtubines would result in NOx
emissions reduction equivalent to removing 138 cars
off the road.
Based on USA EPA emissions and efficiency data.
Stirling Biopower, Inc.
275 Metty Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Tel: 734.995.1755
Fax: 734.995.0610
www.stirlingbiopower.com
November 11, 2008
Eian Lynch
Project Engineer
Brown and Caldwell
155 Fleet St.
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Subject: Stirling Biopower Statement of Experience
Mr. Lynch:
Per your request, this note will summarize our experience in the testing of our product, the FleXgen.
The FleXgen is the result of over 30 years of R and D, development and testing. In that time, the product
has grown in physical size and output but the core design elements that have worked so effectively
throughout have remained consistent. This series of engines have over 250,000 test hours in a lab
environment and in customer’s hands via two global test fleets. Two sets of approximately 30 units each
were sent to operate on a variety of gaseous fuels, largely methane from wastewater treatment plants
and landfills. Customers from Europe, Asia and all over North America put the product through real world,
commercial applications which allowed us to validate not just the Stirling engine but the surrounding
package, controls, electronics, fuel management, hydrogen replenishment and other systems. These
units were returned to our engineering center for disassembly and evaluation. Lessons learned were
corrected and integrated into our current and commercial product, the FleXgen.
Our current test fleet is centered at our facility in Ann Arbor, MI and validates that we have a commercial
and ruggedized product with operating reliability that easily exceeds our 95% availability product
objective. We operate an additional engineering test unit at a municipal WWTP in Corvallis, Oregon for
additional testing and the plant operator there is available for reference should that be desired.
Our product is fully certified to many international standards, including UL2200, is backed by a full, 12-
nd
month warranty that covers all unscheduled service outages and an optional 2 year extended service
plan is available. The FleXgen is a reliable, robust and well proven commercial grade product that we are
confident will meet the needs of Kennedy Jenks and its customers. I welcome any additional questions
and look forward to working with you in the future.
Sincerely,
David Miklosi
Vice president of Sales and Service
Stirling Biopower FleXgen™ G43
Low Energy Gas 350-590 Btu/scf (LHV)
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS DATA SHEET (60Hz)
FleXgen G43 Performance CHP Power Only
2
Electrical Output 43 kWe 43 kWe
Electrical Efficiency 27% 27%
Efficiency with Thermal Heat Recovery 75% N/A
Heat Input Rate (LHV) 13,605 kJ/kWh (12,895 Btu/kWh) 13,605 kJ/kWh (12,895 Btu/kWh)
Fuel Delivery Pressure 12.4-15.2 kPa (1.8-2.2 psig) 12.4-15.2 kPa (1.8-2.2 psig)
3
Cooling System: Cooling and CHP Options
Engine Cooling System Flow Rate 246 L/min (65 gpm) 246 L/min (65 gpm)
Engine Cooling Water Outlet
Temperature 58°C (136°F) N/A
Total Heat Rejected to Coolant 79 kWth (269,548 Btu/hr) N/A
Generator Type Continuous Duty Induction Continuous Duty Induction
Speed 1,800 RPM 1,800 RPM
Output Voltage 480 VAC, 3Ø, 60 Hz 480 VAC, 3Ø, 60 Hz
Power Quality 3% THD 3% THD
Power Factor 0.72 0.70
Temperature Rise Class F Insulation 105°C Class F Insulation 105°C
Exhaust Flow 6.9 Nm3/min @ 190°C (257 scfm @ 374°F)
Maximum Exhaust Backpressure 0.747 kPa (3” W.C.)
Emissions NOx 1.0 lb/MWh (0.32 g/bhp-hr); CO 6.0 lb/MWh (1.93 g/bhp-hr)
Noise Level (Standard Enclosure) 64 dBA @ 7 m (without radiator) 66 dBA @ 7m (with radiator)
3 1
All data is based on fuel with a LHV of 18.1 MJ/Nm (459 Btu/scf). See separate sheet for 50Hz data.
2
All specifications corrected to ambient conditions of 1 atm, 15°C. Power Output +/- 5%.
3
Ambient operating limits –20 to 50 °C (-4 to 122°F). Contact the distributor for Cooling and CHP configurations.
Consult the distributor for altitude and temperature derate information.
Dimensions With Radiator (Shown)
Height 1,937.1 mm (76.2”)
Length 2,571.1 mm (101.2”)
1937.1
Width 863.6 mm (34.0”)
Weight 1,769 kg (3,900 lbs)
Dimensions Without Radiator
Height 1,469.1 mm (58.2”)
Length 2,571.1 mm (101.2”)
Width 863.6 mm (34.0”)
Weight 1,606 kg (3,540 lbs)
All specifications are subject to change without notification TS-LE-260-43 10/23/08
Stirling Biopower FleXgen™ G43
Natural Gas 918 Btu/scf (LHV)
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS DATA SHEET (60Hz)
FleXgen G43 Performance CHP Power Only
2
Electrical Output 43 kWe 43 kWe
Electrical Efficiency 28% 28%
Efficiency with Thermal Heat Recovery 80% N/A
Heat Input Rate (LHV) 12,661 kJ/kWh (12,000 Btu/kWh) 12,661 kJ/kWh (12,000 Btu/kWh)
Fuel Delivery Pressure 12.4-15.2 kPa (1.8-2.2 psig) 12.4-15.2 kPa (1.8-2.2 psig)
3
Cooling System: Cooling and CHP Options
Engine Cooling System Flow Rate 246 L/min (65 gpm) 246 L/min (65 gpm)
Engine Cooling Water Outlet
Temperature 58°C (136°F) N/A
Total Heat Rejected to Coolant 79 kWth (269,548 Btu/hr) N/A
Generator Type Continuous Duty Induction Continuous Duty Induction
Speed 1,800 RPM 1,800 RPM
Output Voltage 480 VAC, 3Ø, 60 Hz 480 VAC, 3Ø, 60 Hz
Power Quality 3% THD 3% THD
Power Factor 0.72 0.70
Temperature Rise Class F Insulation 105°C Class F Insulation 105°C
Exhaust Flow 5.9 Nm3/min @ 190°C (220 scfm @ 374°F)
Maximum Exhaust Backpressure 0.747 kPa (3” W.C.)
Emissions NOx 1.0 lb/MWh (0.32 g/bhp-hr); CO 6.0 lb/MWh (1.93 g/bhp-hr)
Noise Level (Standard Enclosure) 64 dBA @ 7 m (without radiator) 66 dBA @ 7m (with radiator)
3 1
All data is based on fuel with a LHV of 36.15 MJ/Nm (918 Btu/scf). See separate sheet for 50Hz data.
2
All specifications corrected to ambient conditions of 1 atm, 15°C. Power Output +/- 5%.
3
Ambient operating limits –20 to 50 °C (-4 to 122°F). Contact the distributor for Cooling and CHP configurations.
Consult the distributor for altitude and temperature derate information.
Dimensions With Radiator (Shown)
Height 1,937.1 mm (76.2”)
Length 2,571.1 mm (101.2”)
1937.1
Width 863.6 mm (34.0”)
Weight 1,769 kg (3,900 lbs)
Dimensions Without Radiator
Height 1,469.1 mm (58.2”)
Length 2,571.1 mm (101.2”)
Width 863.6 mm (34.0”)
Weight 1,606 kg (3,540 lbs)
All specifications are subject to change without notification TS-NG-260-43 10/23/08
APPENDIX G: MANUFACTURER’S EQUIPMENT INFORMATION
G
Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document.
P:\Fairhaven, Town of\135536_Fairhaven_AD_&_CHP\Final\Reports\Final Feasibility Study.doc
Stirling Biopower, Inc.
275 Metty Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Tel: 734.995.1755
Fax: 734.995.0610
www.stirlingbiopower.com
Top Level Product Description
F0260 043F and F0260 38F PowerUnit™
General Description
The Stirling Biopower F0260 043F and F0260 038F PowerUnit™ is an engine-generator package that
includes an external combustion, Stirling-cycle engine, a propane, natural gaseous, medium or low
energy content (bio gas) fuel-fired combustion system, an induction generator, an engine control system,
a weather-protective enclosure with integral ventilation system, and other supporting equipment for grid
parallel operation.
The base PowerUnit™ is designed for operation on bio fuels, for 50 Hz operations is rated at 38 kWe and
the 60Hz is rated at 43 kWe of nominal electric power output on natural or bio gas and produces 65 - 79
kWth of extractable heat with the optional combined heat and power (CHP).
50 Hz 60 Hz
Power 38 kWe 43 kWe
Electric efficiency 28 % 27 %
Thermal Power 65 kWth 79 kWth
CHP efficiency 75 % 75 %
The PowerUnit can be configured with different cooling system options for flexibility in installation design.
The product is engineered for simple connection to the electrical terminations, fuel supply inlet and
external coolant piping connections, if so equipped.
Accessories and options:
Power Metering Module (provides installed CT’s for Display to read AC parameters)
Remote Monitoring Option via RS485
Integral/Remote Mounted Radiator Options
Propane Fuel Option
Natural Gas Fuel Option
Low Energy Fuel Option
The package can be applied in several variations as follows (when equipped with the appropriate
options):
• Grid parallel connection at 60 Hz, 480 VAC applications
• Grid parallel connection at 50 Hz, 380/400/415 VAC applications
• Combined Heat and Power (CHP) mode
Package Performance
Power Output - Electrical power and Thermal power (operating on medium energy bio gas). The
PowerUnit for 60 Hz operation operates at a heat rate of 12,895 Btu/kWh (LHV) and is rated 43kWe at
ISO conditions. The electrical output rating of 43kWe is inclusive of parasitic losses associated with the
Stirling Biopower Confidential
1/16/2008 1
Stirling Biopower, Inc.
275 Metty Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Tel: 734.995.1755
Fax: 734.995.0610
www.stirlingbiopower.com
cooling system radiator, water pump, combustion air blower, oil pump, control system, and package
ventilation system.
In CHP mode, the PowerUnit will produce 269,548 Btu/hr (79 kWth) of extractable heat. The product is
equipped with piping ready to accept a customer supplied liquid/liquid plate frame heat exchanger. The
hot side of the heat exchanger is a closed loop circuit with the engine jacket coolant and the set mounted
radiator, if so equipped. The cold side of the heat exchanger is for customer heat load circuits.
Duty Cycle/Maintenance Requirements
The package is designed for continuous operation and power output. A basic scheduled maintenance is
conducted by the customer at 1,000-hour intervals, which includes a cooling water and oil level check. At
10,000 hours a forward end service is scheduled with a trained distributor, including piston ring
replacement, rod seal replacement, drive belt and miscellaneous seal replacement. Specific key
components are inspected for wear. Engine operating speed is 1800 RPM for 60 Hz operation, and 1500
RPM for 50 Hz operation.
Power Unit Availability
The engine generator package will have a system availability of over 95% based on service intervals and
is inclusive of scheduled maintenance.
Sound Levels
The noise level of the package, without the set-mounted radiator is 64 dBA at 7 meters. The noise level of
the package, including the set-mounted radiator with cooling fans is 66 dBA at 7 meters.
Emissions
Operating on natural gas, engine emissions at full load are less than or equal to 1.0 lb/MW-hr (0.32
g/bhp-hr.) of NOx, 1.0 lb/MW-hr (0.3 g/bhp-hr.) of VOC, and 6.0 lb/MW-hr (1.9g/bhp-hr) of CO.
Gaseous Fuels
The engine is designed to operate on a variety of gaseous fuels with lower heating values (LHV) of 13.8
to 90.6 MJ/Nm3 (350 to 2,300 Btu/scf) including landfill gas, coal bed methane, digester gas, flare gas,
natural gas and gaseous propane. To cover this range, the unit can be ordered with the following fuel
system configurations:
Fuel Type Heating Value Range (LHV)
Gaseous Propane ~90.6 MJ/Nm3(~2,300 Btu/scf)
High Energy Content ~35.4 MJ/Nm3(~900 Btu/scf)
Medium Energy Content 14.8 – 23.2 MJ/Nm3 (400 – 590 Btu/scf)
Low Energy Content 13.8 – 23.2 MJ/Nm3 (350 – 590 Btu/scf)
The combustion system requires a regulated gas supply pressure of 12.4-15.2 kPa (1.8-2.2 psig) for all
fuel types.
Stirling Biopower Confidential
1/16/2008 2
Stirling Biopower, Inc.
275 Metty Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Tel: 734.995.1755
Fax: 734.995.0610
www.stirlingbiopower.com
Environment
The PowerUnit is capable of continuous operation in an ambient temperature range of –20°C to 50°C (-4
o
F to 122oF). The package experiences minor de-rate due to altitude and temperature.
Certifications
The package is certified by the following agencies and/or to the following safety standards:
Stationary Engine Generator Assemblies - UL 2200, 1st Edition: 9/1/98
Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines – NFPA 37, 2002 Edition
Classification of Flammable Liquids, Gases or Vapors and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for
Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas – ANSI/NFPA 497, 1997 Edition
Motors and Generators General Instruction No. 1 - CSA-C22.2 No. 100-95
Industrial Control Equipment General Instruction No. 1 - CSA-C22.2 No. 14-95
Essential Health and Safety Requirements - Directive 98/37/EEC, Annex 1
Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 1: General Requirements - EN 60204-
1:1998
Safety of Machinery - Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design - Part 2: Technical Principles and
Specifications - EN 292-2:1991
Safety of Machinery – Emergency Stop Equipment, Functional Aspects – Principles of Design – EN
418:1992
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine Driven Generating Sets - EN 12601
Electronic Equipment for Use in Power Installations - EN 50178:1998
Rotating Electrical Machines – Part 1: Rating and Performance – EN 60034-1:1998
Rotating Electrical Machines – Part 5: Classifications of Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures for
Rotating Machines EN 60034-5
Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Atmospheres – Part 10: Classifications for Hazardous Areas – EN
60079-10
System Description
Overview of PowerUnit Operation
The PowerUnit is a fully contained package with all the necessary equipment to generate power as
equipped from the Factory. An integrated electrical panel is mounted on the package for interface and
control requirements. A weather proof Digital Display mounted in the electrical panel handles the starting,
stopping, and resetting interface with the operator via pushbuttons. The electrical panel also serves as
the customer main power electrical termination point as well as communication wiring terminations.
The PowerUnit is capable of achieving full load output in approximately 3-5 minutes following start up
initiation depending on the initial system temperature. The starting and stopping sequence is initiated by
pushbutton.
Upon start command, the PowerUnit will connect to the grid by closing an internal contactor to the grid.
The engine will turn over immediately, purging the combustion chamber before opening the fuel valves.
Once the fuel valve is open, the igniter is energized igniting the fuel in the combustion chamber. The
presence of combustion is detected by the temperature rise in the working gas, which will begin the ramp
control procedure to the operating temperature set point. The flame is self-propagating and constant
afterwards.
Upon stop command, the PowerUnit will first shut the fuel valve to extinguish the combustion process.
After a preset time during which the unit is cooling down, the contactor will open disconnecting the
Stirling Biopower Confidential
1/16/2008 3
Stirling Biopower, Inc.
275 Metty Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Tel: 734.995.1755
Fax: 734.995.0610
www.stirlingbiopower.com
PowerUnit from the grid. If equipped, the radiator fans may operate for some time as the cooling fluid
temperature decreases.
The PowerUnit uses a fixed-stroke Stirling engine that is connected to a standard induction generator.
The unit operates in grid parallel mode or in parallel with a power distribution system. An induction
generator doesn’t provide it’s own excitation; it receives excitation from the connected grid source. If the
grid voltage is lost, the PowerUnit will shutdown.
Component Description
PowerUnit Package
The PowerUnit is designed for simple installation and hook up. There are external connections for fuel
piping, electrical power terminations, communications interface and if equipped, a remote radiator and
CHP Liquid/Liquid heat exchanger piping. The package is available with a set mounted or remote
mounted radiator and/or liquid/liquid heat exchanger piping for engine cooling requirements. Also
provided are safety shutdown instrumentation and control logic specific to the desired operating mode.
Enclosure
The enclosure has two access panels on each side of the engine/generator compartment and an external
single hinged door for accessing the electrical compartment. The electrical panel is rated NEMA 12.
Below are basic outline diagrams with approximate weights and dimensions.
Approximate weight 3,540 lbs.
Figure 1 - PowerUnit with no integral radiator
Stirling Biopower Confidential
1/16/2008 4
Stirling Biopower, Inc.
275 Metty Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Tel: 734.995.1755
Fax: 734.995.0610
www.stirlingbiopower.com
Approximate weight 3,900 lbs.
Figure 2 - PowerUnit with integral radiator
Engine
The engine is a 4-cylinder (260cc/cylinder), external combustion, Stirling heat engine that absorbs heat
from the continuous combustion of gaseous fuels in an external combustion chamber and includes the
following integral components:
• Combustion air blower, engine-driven
• Combustion air filter
• Fuel system and combustion housing
• Lubrication oil pump, engine-driven
• Lubrication oil cooler and filter
• Engine coolant water pump, engine-driven
• Coolant water temperature sensor
• Lubrication oil pressure sensor
• Gas pressure and temperature sensor
• All necessary control and protective instrumentation
Figure 3 – Stirling Biopower
Stirling Engine
Stirling Biopower Confidential
1/16/2008 5
Stirling Biopower, Inc.
275 Metty Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Tel: 734.995.1755
Fax: 734.995.0610
www.stirlingbiopower.com
Generator
The PowerUnit generator output electrical characteristics are as follows:
• Rated capacity of 43 kWe at 60 Hz, 480 VAC, and 38 kWe at 50 Hz, 380/400/415 VAC.
• Electrical efficiency of 95.0% at a PF of 0.7
• Excitation is from the utility grid via induction motor/generator exciter
• Less than 5% total harmonic distortion, from no load to full load
• Insulation Class F
Interface and Control
Operator Interface - A Digital Display provides control of the PowerUnit, in addition to accessing all
operational data. An operator can start and stop the PowerUnit from the Digital Display, view runtime,
operational data and warnings/faults all through the digital display. When equipped with the optional
power-metering module, the operator will be able to view many of the electrical parameters such as the
power output, kilowatt-hours, kVA and power factor.
Figure 4 – Digital Interface Panel
Equipment Diagnostics and Data Collection - Diagnostic functions are embedded within the PowerUnit
control system. The embedded diagnostic information will facilitate remote data collection, data reporting
and troubleshooting of the unit. These functions include system data such as: indication of the operational
state, all mechanical operational parameters such as cylinder temperatures and pressures, oil
temperature and pressure, and electrical parameters or power output values if equipped with the optional
power meter.
Data is collected and can be transmitted through the standard RS-232 connection port and displayed on a
PC or laptop (not included) using data acquisition software supplied by the customer. For multiple
installations or where signal transmission distances exceed RS 232 capabilities, an optional RS-485 port
is available for data acquisition using MODBUS RTU protocol.
Exhaust System
Stainless steel piping is used to carry the hot exhaust gases from the combustion system housing to the
exterior of the enclosure. A balanced exhaust flapper with rain cap is attached to the exhaust pipe where
Stirling Biopower Confidential
1/16/2008 6
Stirling Biopower, Inc.
275 Metty Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Tel: 734.995.1755
Fax: 734.995.0610
www.stirlingbiopower.com
the pipe exits the enclosure. (See installation manual for design requirements for indoor installations or
changes to the standard exhaust system).
Cooling System
There are many different applications and configurations that can be used for cooling and CHP. The
base PowerUnit package can be configured with one of the cooling system options:
Set Mounted Radiator – provides an integral set mounted radiator rated to 50°C (122°F) ambient
temperature. All piping is completed at the factory. This is a typical application not utilizing heat
recovery.
Remote Mounted Radiator – for installation by customer rated to 50°C (122°F) ambient. Short support
legs will be provided with the radiator for pad mounting. All necessary piping and electrical connections
are the responsibility of the installer. Applications that mount the PowerUnit indoors may want to use this
option instead of providing the ventilation system required to supply cooling air to a set mounted radiator.
Remote Cooling Option – This option provides the piping external to the enclosure for a customer
supplied cooling system. This can be a heat exchanger or a remote mounted radiator.
The coolant consists of 50% water and 50% ethylene glycol by volume; a propylene glycol/water mixture
can be substituted if requested.
Complete details and drawings for all the above configurations are provided in the Installation Manual.
Hydrogen Replenishment System
The PowerUnit uses hydrogen gas as the working fluid for driving the engine's pistons due to hydrogen’s
superior heat transfer capability. During normal operation, a predictable amount of hydrogen is
consumed because of normal permeation losses. To account for this rate of consumption, the site
requires a single or multiple gang of hydrogen bottles be regulated and plumbed to the package. Inside
the PowerUnit, an on-board hydrogen compressor increases the bottle pressure to the higher engine
pressures and injects a small charge as requested by the on-board software. The on-board system
requires no maintenance and the bottles need replacing as engine operation dictates. An average
PowerUnit, operating at 95% availability, will consume a standard “K” size cylinder between 30-40 days.
Adding each additional cylinder will add an additional 30-40 days to the maintenance interval. Refer to the
Installation Manual for hydrogen bottle sizing and connection details.
Fuel Supply Lines
The gas line connection is supplied as 1” NPT pipe fitting for all standard gaseous fuels, except for the
low energy option, which uses 1 ½” NPT. Fuel pressure requirements is between 12.4 - 15.2 kPa (1.8 -
2.2 psig) for all gaseous fuels. See the fuel gas specifications for detailed fuel characteristics and
requirements.
Safety Functions
There is a local (on-set) E-stop button as required by CE.
The package set meets the safety requirements of UL2200.
Stirling Biopower Confidential
1/16/2008 7
Stirling Biopower, Inc.
275 Metty Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Tel: 734.995.1755
Fax: 734.995.0610
www.stirlingbiopower.com
After-sales Support
The product includes an operator’s manual.
The standard warranty is 12 months from the completion of commissioning or 16 months from the time
the PowerUnit is shipped to the owner by Stirling Biopower or its authorized distributor. Commissioning,
maintenance and follow on service is performed by the local authorized distributor. The distributor also
houses a local inventory of service parts and all necessary service tools.
Stirling Biopower Confidential
1/16/2008 8
6010 Drott Drive
East Syracuse, NY 13057-2943
Toll Free: 800.H2O.TANK
Phone: 315.433.AQUA (2782)
Fax: 315.433.5083
Website: www.besttank.com
Email: aquastore@besttank.com
Brown and Caldwell September 23, 2008
1 Corporate Drive
Andover, MA 01810
Phone: 978-983-2035 Fax: 978-794-0534
Attention: Mr. Eian Lynch (ELynch@BrwnCald.com)
Re: AQUASTORE® Digester Storage Tank
Fairhaven, Massachusetts
Dear Mr. Lynch,
Thank you for your interest in AQUASTORE® glass-fused-to-steel storage tanks. The following budget price is for the concrete floor
digesters that you are interested in. Tanks are designed to AISC allowables and manufactured per the same standards. Seismic
design is based on AWWA seismic zone 2a. Wind design is based on AWWA D-103 utilizing 120 MPH wind load. Snow load is based
on a Ground Snow Loading of 45 PSF utilizing the following: Exposure Factor (Ce) 1.0; Importance Factor (Is) 1.2; Thermal Factor (Ct)
1.2. Tank is designed for Working Pressure – water column of 6”, Test Pressure – water column of 15”, Vacuum – water column of 1”.
(1) (2)
Inches of Sidewall Foundation Tank Total
Model Nominal Capacity Freeboard Diameter Height Price Price Price
2030 68,400 Gal. 0” 19.58 FT 30.36 FT $23,000 $157,000 $180,000
2225 74,300 Gal. 0” 22.38 FT 25.25 FT $23,000 $167,000 $190,000
2521 78,900 Gal. 0” 25.18 FT 21.20 FT $28,000 $177,000 $205,000
2528 105,800 Gal. 0” 25.18 FT 28.43 FT $28,000 $202,000 $230,000
2826 118,500 Gal. 0” 27.97 FT 25.78 FT $33,000 $222,000 $255,000
3133 183,600 Gal. 0” 30.77 FT 33.01 FT $36,000 $289,000 $325,000
(1) Note that Foundation prices are ESTIMATES. Accurate soil bearing, frost depth and any additional pertinent information
would be required to determine the exact design and costs of the foundation.
(2) NOT INCLUDED: Any site work, access roads, permits, taxes, rock removal, pipe work, excavation, backfill, bonds, water
for testing/sanitizing or disposal of same, CONTRACTOR’S MARK-UP (sub-contract bids).
(3) Due to the current steel market price fluctuations, the price in this quotation is valid for 30 days.
(4) Tank is setup to accept insulation which is not included in these budgetary numbers. Depending on type and thickness of
insulation required, rough calculations of $8.00 – $12.00 / sq. ft. should be added.
The following items are included in this price:
• Standard Cobalt Blue Glass-Fused-To-Steel Shell Assembly with “Edge Coating™” and “Vitrium” interior
• One (1) Glass-Fused-to-Steel externally supported (HDG Perlins) digester roof assembly. Cobalt Blue exterior surface, based on roof load as
noted above, non slip walkway with handrail to the roof apex, (1) roof manway platform to be located near the outside ladder, (1) 24” hatch
cover.
• Ringwall Foundation and Starter Ring Assembly with Concrete Floor
• Ladder, Cage and Platform Assembly with extension to grade
• HDG Bottom Manway 24”Dia.
• Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection System
• Concrete Floor Design, Foundation and Installation of all above
This price is based on NON UNION, PREVAILING WAGE labor. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call. We would
be glad to provide you with sample specifications for Aquastore tanks if desired. We are looking forward to working with you as this
project develops.
Respectfully yours,
Liz Hawthorne
Assistant Project Manager c: HH/CLL/, Ali, file 2594
AQUASTORE® TANK CAPACITY CHART
WATER TANKS WITH CONCRETE FLOORS (x 1000 US Gallons)
Freeboard
0
Max Water Depth (Ft) GF=1 Conc=0 0
Actual Sidewall Height (feet) - Number of Rings - Courses Actual Sidewall Height (feet) - Number of Rings - Courses
Exact Capacity AWWA Z = 2A
Model # Diameter Per Foot A B 5.51 10.09 14.68 19.26 23.84 28.43 33.01 37.59 42.17 46.76 51.34 55.92 60.51 65.09 69.67 74.26 78.84 83.42 88.00 92.59 97.17 101.75 106.34 110.92
Diameter Sheets (feet) (gallons) .375" max. .5" max. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
34 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11 4 11.19 735 46.4 46.4 4 7 10 14 17 20 24 27 30 33
49.58 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
131 - - - - - -
14 5 13.98 1,149 113.2 114.1 6 11 16 22 27 32 37 43 48 53 58 64 69 74 80 85 90 95 101 106 111 116 122 127
114.62 - - - - - -
174 180 186 189 - - - - -
17 6 16.78 1,655 105.0 114.2 9 16 24 31 39 47 54 62 69 77 84 92 100 107 115 122 130 138 145 153 160 168
105.45 109.16 112.86 116.56 - - - - -
227 235 243 252 257 - - - - -
20 7 19.58 2,252 98.4 114.4 12 22 33 43 53 64 74 84 94 105 115 125 136 146 156 167 177 187 198 208 218
100.87 104.57 108.27 111.98 115.68 - - - - -
269 280 291 302 313 324 335 337
22 8 22.37 2,942 92.2 114.6 16 29 43 56 70 83 97 110 124 137 151 164 178 191 204 218 231 245 258
91.71 95.41 99.11 102.81 106.51 110.21 113.91 117.61
341 355 369 382 396 410 424 427
25 9 25.17 3,724 88.7 114.9 20 37 54 71 88 105 122 139 157 174 191 208 225 242 259 276 293 310 327
91.71 95.41 99.11 102.81 106.51 110.21 113.91 117.61
400 417 434 451 468 485 502 509
28 10 27.97 4,597 84.7 110.9 25 46 67 88 109 130 151 172 193 214 236 257 278 299 320 341 362 383
87.12 90.82 94.52 98.23 101.93 105.63 109.33 113.03
459 479 500 520 541 562 582 593
31 11 30.77 5,563 81.1 106.7 30 56 81 107 132 158 183 209 234 260 285 311 336 362 387 413 438
82.54 86.24 89.94 93.64 97.34 101.05 104.75 108.45
516 540 565 589 614 638 663 681
34 12 33.56 6,620 78.5 102.9 36 66 97 127 157 188 218 248 279 309 339 370 400 430 461 491
77.96 81.66 85.36 89.06 92.76 96.46 100.16 103.87
AWWA Seismic 2A English Units
605 634 663 691 720 749 773
36 13 36.36 7,770 75.5 99.6 42 78 114 149 185 220 256 292 327 363 398 434 470 505 541 576
77.96 81.66 85.36 89.06 92.76 96.46 100.16
661 694 727 761 794 827 861 870
39 14 39.16 9,011 73.9 96.6 49 90 132 173 214 256 297 338 380 421 462 503 545 586 627
73.37 77.07 80.78 84.48 88.18 91.88 95.58 99.28
759 797 835 873 912 950 971
42 15 41.96 10,345 71.9 93.9 57 104 151 199 246 294 341 388 436 483 531 578 625 673 720
73.37 77.07 80.78 84.48 88.18 91.88 95.58
809 853 896 940 983 1,027 1,071 1,078
45 16 44.75 11,770 69.3 91.6 64 118 172 226 280 334 388 442 496 550 604 658 712 766
68.79 72.49 76.19 79.89 83.60 87.30 91.00 94.70
914 963 1,012 1,061 1,110 1,157
48 17 47.55 13,287 65.2 87.1 73 134 195 255 316 377 438 499 560 621 682 743 803 864
68.79 72.49 76.19 79.89 83.60 87.30
956 1,011 1,066 1,121 1,176 1,224
50 18 50.35 14,896 61.6 82.2 82 150 218 286 355 423 491 559 628 696 764 833 901
64.21 67.91 71.61 75.31 79.01 82.71
989 1,051 1,112 1,173 1,235 1,292
53 19 53.15 16,598 58.4 77.9 91 167 243 319 395 471 547 623 700 776 852 928
59.62 63.33 67.03 70.73 74.43 78.13
1,012 1,080 1,148 1,216 1,284 1,352 1,360
56 20 55.95 18,391 55.4 74.0 101 185 269 354 438 522 607 691 775 859 944
55.04 58.74 62.44 66.15 69.85 73.55 77.25
1,116 1,191 1,266 1,341 1,416 1,429
59 21 58.74 20,276 52.8 70.5 111 204 297 390 483 576 669 762 855 948 1,040
55.04 58.74 62.44 66.15 69.85 73.55
1,122 1,205 1,287 1,369 1,452 1,497
62 22 61.54 22,253 50.4 67.3 122 224 326 428 530 632 734 836 938 1,040
50.46 54.16 57.86 61.56 65.26 68.96
1,227 1,317 1,407 1,497 1,563
64 23 64.34 24,322 48.2 64.3 134 245 356 468 579 691 802 914 1,025 1,137
50.46 54.16 57.86 61.56 65.26
1,214 1,312 1,410 1,508 1,606 1,634
67 24 67.13 26,483 46.2 61.7 145 267 388 510 631 752 874 995 1,116
45.88 49.58 53.28 56.98 60.68 64.38
1,318 1,424 1,530 1,637 1,701
70 25 69.93 28,736 44.4 59.2 158 290 421 553 685 816 948 1,080 1,211
45.88 49.58 53.28 56.98 60.68
1,425 1,540 1,655 1,768
73 26 72.73 31,081 42.6 56.9 171 313 456 598 741 883 1,025 1,168 1,310
45.88 49.58 53.28 56.98
1,384 1,508 1,632 1,756 1,836
76 27 75.53 33,518 41.1 54.8 184 338 491 645 799 952 1,106 1,259
41.29 44.99 48.69 52.40 56.10 SPLIT-CELL CHART KEY:
1,488 1,621 1,755 1,888 1,903 1,836 1. Top number is tank volume (x 1000) in US Gallons
78 28 78.32 36,046 39.6 52.8 198 363 529 694 859 1,024 1,189 1,355
41.29 44.99 48.69 52.40 56.10 56.09 2. Bottom number is actual sidewall height with 44" high shell sheets
1,596 1,739 1,882 1,972
81 29 81.12 38,667 38.2 51.0 213 390 567 744 921 1,099 1,276 1,453
41.29 44.99 48.69 52.40 Notes:
1,519 1,672 1,825 1,978 2,040 1. 100 mph wind speed
84 30 83.92 41,380 37.0 49.3 228 417 607 796 986 1,176 1,365 2. 25 psf live snow load
36.71 40.41 44.11 47.81 51.51
3. Seismic zone 2A
1,621 1,785 1,949 2,107
87 31 86.72 44,184 35.8 47.7 243 445 648 850 1,053 1,255 1,458 4. Importance Factor, I = 1.25
36.71 40.41 44.11 47.81 5. Site Amplification Factor, S = 1.5
1,728 1,902 2,076 2,175 6. Specific gravity 1.0 @ STP
90 32 89.51 47,081 34.6 46.2 259 475 690 906 1,122 1,338 1,554
36.71 40.41 44.11 47.81 7. Structure height limitations dependent upon local soil conditions and
1,838 2,023 2,208 2,243 construction techniques
92 33 92.31 50,070 33.6 44.8 275 505 734 964 1,193 1,423 1,652 8. AWWA Designates AWWA D103-97
36.71 40.41 44.11 47.81 9. Model Designation => Model Diameter & Model Sidewall Height
1,707 1,904 2,100 2,297 2,312 Example: Model Designation 4228 => 42' diameter & 28' height
95 34 95.11 53,150 32.6 43.5 292 536 780 1,023 1,267 1,510
32.13 35.83 39.53 43.23 46.93 10. For steel floor option: Add .678' X Capacity Per Foot (gallons) to
1,809 2,017 2,226 2,382 listed capacities
98 35 97.91 56,323 31.7 42.3 310 568 826 1,084 1,342 1,600 11. No freeboard allowance except in the darker gray shaded areas at
32.13 35.83 39.53 43.23 the far right end of the rows, where the freeboard is variable
Part#: 274480-000
1,914 2,134 2,355 2,449 ECN#: 07387
101 36 100.70 59,587 30.8 41.1 328 601 874 1,147 1,420 1,693
32.13 35.83 39.53 43.23 Copyright 2008
2,022 2,255 2,488 2,517 Engineered Storage Products
104 37 103.50 62,944 30.0 40.0 346 635 923 1,212 1,500 1,789
32.13 35.83 39.53 43.23
AQUASTORE® TANK CAPACITY CHART
WATER TANKS WITH CONCRETE FLOORS (x 1000 US Gallons)
Freeboard
0
Max Water Depth (Ft) GF=1 Conc=0 0
Actual Sidewall Height (feet) - Number of Rings - Courses Actual Sidewall Height (feet) - Number of Rings - Courses
Exact Capacity AWWA Z = 2A
Model # Diameter Per Foot A B 5.51 10.09 14.68 19.26 23.84 28.43 33.01 37.59 42.17 46.76 51.34 55.92 60.51 65.09 69.67 74.26 78.84 83.42 88.00 92.59 97.17 101.75 106.34 110.92
Diameter Sheets (feet) (gallons) .375" max. .5" max. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
2,132 2,378 2,582
106 38 106.30 66,392 29.2 38.9 365 670 974 1,278 1,582 1,887
32.13 35.83 39.53
1,926 2,184 2,443 2,650
109 39 109.10 69,932 28.4 37.9 385 705 1,026 1,346 1,667
27.54 31.24 34.95 38.65
2,026 2,298 2,570 2,721
112 40 111.90 73,565 27.7 37.0 405 742 1,079 1,416 1,753
27.54 31.24 34.95 38.65
2,128 2,414 2,700 2,790
115 41 114.69 77,289 27.0 36.1 425 780 1,134 1,488 1,842
27.54 31.24 34.95 38.65
2,233 2,534 2,834 2,854
117 42 117.49 81,105 26.4 35.2 446 818 1,190 1,562 1,933
27.54 31.24 34.95 38.65
2,341 2,656 2,924
120 43 120.29 85,013 25.8 34.4 468 858 1,247 1,637 2,026
27.54 31.24 34.95
2,451 2,781 2,990
123 44 123.09 89,013 25.2 33.6 490 898 1,306 1,714 2,122
27.54 31.24 34.95
2,564 2,909 3,063
126 45 125.89 93,105 24.6 32.9 513 939 1,366 1,793 2,219
27.54 31.24 34.95
2,679 3,039 3,122
129 46 128.68 97,289 24.1 32.1 536 981 1,427 1,873 2,319
27.54 31.24 34.95
2,331 2,707 3,083 3,199
131 47 131.48 101,565 23.6 31.5 559 1,025 1,490 1,956
22.96 26.66 30.36 34.06
2,432 2,824 3,216 3,262
134 48 134.27 105,933 23.1 30.8 583 1,069 1,554 2,040
22.96 26.66 30.36 34.06
2,534 2,943 3,333
137 49 137.07 110,393 22.6 30.2 608 1,114 1,620 2,126
22.96 26.66 30.36
2,639 3,064 3,402 SPLIT-CELL CHART KEY:
140 50 139.87 114,945 22.2 29.6 633 1,160 1,686 2,213
22.96 26.66 30.36 1,836 1. Top number is tank volume (x 1000) in US Gallons
2,745 3,188 3,468 56.09 2. Bottom number is actual sidewall height with 44" high shell sheets
143 51 142.67 119,589 21.7 29.0 658 1,207 1,755 2,303
22.96 26.66 30.36
2,854 3,314 3,530
145 52 145.46 124,324 21.3 28.4 685 1,254 1,824 2,394 Notes:
22.96 26.66 30.36
1. 100 mph wind speed
2,965 3,443 3,603
148 53 148.26 129,152 20.9 27.9 711 1,303 1,895 2,487 2. 25 psf live snow load
22.96 26.66 30.36 3. Seismic zone 2A
3,078 3,574 3,673 4. Importance Factor, I = 1.25
151 54 151.06 134,072 20.5 27.4 738 1,353 1,967 2,582
22.96 26.66 30.36 5. Site Amplification Factor, S = 1.5
3,193 3,708 3,741 6. Specific gravity 1.0 @ STP
154 55 153.86 139,083 20.2 26.9 766 1,403 2,041 2,678 7. Structure height limitations dependent upon local soil conditions and
22.96 26.66 30.36 construction techniques
3,310 3,806 8. AWWA Designates AWWA D103-97
157 56 156.66 144,187 19.8 26.4 794 1,455 2,116 2,776
22.96 26.66 9. Model Designation => Model Diameter & Model Sidewall Height
3,429 3,868 Example: Model Designation 4228 => 42' diameter & 28' height
159 57 159.46 149,382 19.4 25.9 823 1,507 2,192 2,876 10. For steel floor option: Add .678' X Capacity Per Foot (gallons) to
22.96 26.66 listed capacities
2,842 3,414 3,944 11. No freeboard allowance except in the darker gray shaded areas at
162 58 162.26 154,670 19.1 25.5 852 1,561 2,269
18.38 22.08 25.78 the far right end of the rows, where the freeboard is variable
3,144 3,777 4,140
171 61 170.65 171,082 18.2 24.2 942 1,726 2,510
18.38 22.08 25.78
3,460 4,157 4,350
179 64 179.04 188,318 17.3 23.1 1,037 1,900 2,763
18.38 22.08 25.78
3,792 4,556 4,561
187 67 187.43 206,381 16.5 22.1 1,137 2,083 3,028
18.38 22.08 25.78
4,022 4,684
193 69 193.03 218,898 16.1 21.4 1,206 2,209 3,212
18.38 22.08
4,380 4,885
201 72 201.42 238,340 15.4 20.5 1,313 2,405 3,497
18.38 22.08
4,752 5,094
210 75 209.81 258,609 14.8 19.7 1,424 2,610 3,795
18.38 22.08
3,858 4,893 5,286
218 78 218.20 279,712 14.2 18.9 1,541 2,823
13.79 17.50 21.20
4,160 5,277 5,489 Part#: 274480-000
227 81 226.59 301,642 13.7 18.2 1,662 3,044
13.79 17.50 21.20 ECN#: 07387
4,474 5,675 5,709 Copyright 2008
235 84 234.99 324,399 13.2 17.6 1,787 3,274
13.79 17.50 21.20 Engineered Storage Products
4,800 5,915
243 87 243.38 347,984 12.7 17.0 1,917 3,512
13.79 17.50
AWWA Seismic 2A English Units
6010 Drott Drive
East Syracuse, NY 13057-2943
Toll Free: 800.H2O.TANK
Phone: 315.433.AQUA (2782)
Fax: 315.433.5083
Website: www.besttank.com
Email: aquastore@besttank.com
Brown and Caldwell October 21, 2008
1 Corporate Drive
Andover, MA 01810
Phone: 978-983-2035 Fax: 978-794-0534
Attention: Mr. Eian Lynch (ELynch@BrwnCald.com)
Re: AQUASTORE® Digester Storage Tank
Fairhaven, Massachusetts
Dear Mr. Lynch,
Thank you for your continued interest in AQUASTORE® glass-fused-to-steel storage tanks. The following budget price is for the
concrete floor digesters that you are interested in. Tanks are designed to AISC allowables and manufactured per the same standards.
Seismic design is based on AWWA seismic zone 2a. Wind design is based on AWWA D-103 utilizing 120 MPH wind load. Snow load is
based on a Ground Snow Loading of 45 PSF utilizing the following: Exposure Factor (Ce) 1.0; Importance Factor (Is) 1.2; Thermal
Factor (Ct) 1.2. Tank is designed for Working Pressure – water column of 6”, Test Pressure – water column of 15”, Vacuum – water
column of 1”.
(2)
Inches of Sidewall Foundation Tank Insulation Total
Model Nominal Capacity Freeboard Diameter Height Price Price Price Price
2230 89,300 Gal. 0” 22.38 FT 30.36 FT $23,000 $187,000 $29,000 $239,000
2535 130,100 Gal. 0” 25.18 FT 34.95 FT $28,000 $227,000 $37,000 $292,000
2538 139,900 Gal. 0” 25.18 FT 37.59 FT $28,000 $232,000 $40,000 $300,000
2834 158,200 Gal. 0” 27.97 FT 34.42 FT $33,000 $257,000 $41,000 $331,000
3142 234,600 Gal. 0” 30.77 FT 42.17 FT $44,000 $331,000 $55,000 $430,000
3147 260,100 Gal. 0” 30.77 FT 46.76 FT $44,000 $361,000 $60,000 $465,000
(1) Note that Foundation prices are ESTIMATES. Accurate soil bearing, frost depth and any additional pertinent information
would be required to determine the exact design and costs of the foundation.
(2) NOT INCLUDED: site work, access roads, permits, taxes, rock removal, pipe work, excavation, backfill, bonds, water for
testing/sanitizing or disposal of same, CONTRACTOR’S MARK-UP (sub-contract bids).
(3) Due to the current steel market price fluctuations, the price in this quotation is valid for 30 days.
(4) PRV by others, Nozzles / Brackets (Exterior and Interior) are not included
The following items are included in this price:
• Standard Cobalt Blue Glass-Fused-To-Steel Shell Assembly with “Edge Coating™” and “Vitrium” interior
• One (1) Glass-Fused-to-Steel externally supported (HDG Perlins) digester roof assembly. Cobalt Blue exterior surface, based
on roof load as noted above, non slip walkway with handrail to the roof apex, (1) roof manway platform to be located near the
outside ladder, (1) 24” hatch cover.
• Ringwall Foundation and Starter Ring Assembly with Concrete Floor
• Ladder, Cage and Platform Assembly with extension to grade
• HDG Bottom Manway 24”Dia.
• Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection System
• Tank Insulation ( Exterior Only ) Aluminum jacketed, Panelized sidewalls and roof (at $9.00 per sq.ft.)
• Concrete Floor Design, Foundation and Installation of all above
This price is based on NON UNION, PREVAILING WAGE labor. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call. We would
be glad to provide you with sample specifications for Aquastore tanks if desired. We are looking forward to working with you as this
project develops.
Respectfully yours,
Liz Hawthorne
Assistant Project Manager cc: HH/CLL/, Ali, file 2594
CR65 & CR65-ICHP MicroTurbine
Renewable
Robust power system achieves ultra-low emissions and reliable
electrical/thermal generation from waste gas.
• Years of renewable experience - hundreds of applications worldwide
• Low NOx and CO2 emissions – better than tough global standards
• Operates on landfill or digester gas
• One moving part: Minimal maintenance and downtime
• Patented air bearing: No lubricating oil or coolant
• 5 and 9 year Factory Protection Plans available
• Remote monitoring and diagnostic capabilities
• Integrated utility synchronization and protection
• Small, modular design allows for easy, low-cost installation
• Reliable: 16,000,000+ run hours and counting CR65 MicroTurbine
Electrical Performance (1)
Electrical Power Output 65 kW
Voltage 400 to 480 VAC
Electrical Service 3-Phase
Frequency 50/60 Hz
Maximum Output Current 100A, grid connect operation
Electrical Efficiency LHV 29%
Fuel/Engine Characteristics (1)
Digester/ landfill Gas HHV 350 to 875 BTU/scf
H2S Content < 5000 ppmv
Inlet Pressure 5.2 barg (75 psig)
Fuel Flow LHV 807 MJ/hr (765,000 BTU/hr)
Generator Heat Rate LHV 11.6 MJ/kWh (11,000 BTU/kWh)
CR65-ICHP MicroTurbine
Exhaust Characteristics (1)
Exhaust Gas Flow 0.49 kg/s (1.08 lb/sec)
Exhaust Gas Temperature 309˚C (588˚F)
Power when and where you need it. Clean and simple.
C65-ICHP Heat Recovery (2)
Integrated Heat Recovery Module Type Stainless Steel Core
Hot Water Heat Recovery 251,000 BTU/hr (74 kW)
Total System Efficiency LHV 62%
Dimensions & Weight CR65 CR65-ICHP
Width x Depth x Height (3) (4)
762 x 1956 x 1931 mm 762 x 2200 x 2363 mm
(30 x 77 x 83 in) (30 x 77 x 94 in)
Weight 758 kg (1,671 lbs) 1000 kg (2,200 lbs)
Minimum Clearance Requirements CR65 CR65-ICHP
Vertical Clearance 610 mm (24 in) 610 mm (24 in)
Horizontal Clearance
Left & Right 762 mm (30 in) 762 mm (30 in)
Front 762 mm (30 in) 762 mm (30 in)
Rear 915 mm (36 in) 762 mm (30 in)
Sound Levels CR65 CR65-ICHP
Acoustic Emissions at Full Load Power (5)
Nominal at 10 m (33 ft) 70 dBA 65 dBA
Certifications
• Classified UL 2200 and UL 1741 for raw natural gas and biogas operation (UL file AU5040)
• Complies with IEEE 1547 and meets statewide utility interconnection requirements for California Rule 21 & the
New York State Public with 2008 CARB certification and Service Commission
• Models available with optional equipment for CE Marking
C65 Net Power & Efficiency
All Other C65Power & Efficiency vs. Ambient Temperature at Sea Level
vs. Ambient Temperature at Sea Level
70 35
60 30
Net Efficiency [%]
50 25
Net Power [kW]
Power
Net Power [kW]
40 20
Efficiency
30 15
20 10
10 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Ambient Temperature [°F]
Ambient Temperature [°F]
(1) Nominal full power performance at ISO conditions: 59˚F, 14.696 psia, 60% RH
(2) Heat recovery for water inlet temperature of 100˚F (38˚C) and flow rate of 40 GPM (2.5 l/s)
(3) Depth includes 10 inch extension for the heat recovery module rain hood on ICHP versions
(4) Height dimensions are to the roof line. Exhaust outlet extends at least 7 inches above the roof line
(5) The optional acoustic inlet hood kit can reduce acoustic emissions at the front of the MicroTurbine by up to 5 dBA
Specifications are not warranted and are subject to change without notice.
21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA • 91311 • 877.716.2929 • 818.407.3770 • www.capstoneturbine.com
©2008 Capstone Turbine Corporation. 02/08 Capstone P/N 331039
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Capstone Telephone: (818) 734-5300 • Facsimile: (818) 734-5320 • Website: www.microturbine.com
Application Guide
Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
This document presents fuel application information for the Capstone MicroTurbine
operating on landfill gas or digester gas. This combination may be referred to
generically as "biogas".
Introduction
Compliance with the requirements detailed in this document is essential to avoid
problems that may affect the performance, life, reliability, warranty, and in some
cases, the safe operation of the Capstone MicroTurbine.
For additional information regarding different fuels and fuel usage, please refer to the
Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002).
The major areas of this document are detailed in the Table of Contents as follows:
Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................1
Biogas Fuel Requirements ............................................................................................2
Typical Biogas Fuel Delivery System ............................................................................3
Moisture Concerns......................................................................................................6
Fuel Pressure Concerns .............................................................................................9
Filter Element Concerns ...........................................................................................10
Siloxane Concerns....................................................................................................11
Siloxane Removal Concerns (Capstone MicroTurbines).........................................13
Materials of Construction Concerns .........................................................................14
Sources ........................................................................................................................14
Safety Considerations..................................................................................................16
Capstone Technical Information..................................................................................16
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 1 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Biogas Fuel Requirements
Operational fuel requirements for the Capstone MicroTurbine are provided in
Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002).
Capstone bases its warranty on the quality of the gas at the MicroTurbine inlet. This
leaves the business partner and/or end-user responsible for the following items:
! Assessing the need for gas cleanup and conditioning.
! Selecting and properly installing, operating, and maintaining the appropriate
gas cleanup and conditioning equipment.
This Biogas Application Guide is intended to provide supplementary, application-
specific information for use by Capstone business partners and end-users. In the
event of any conflict between the information provided herein, and the information
and requirements contained within the Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements
Technical Reference (410002), the Fuel Requirements Technical Reference shall
take precedence.
Biogas originates from the anaerobic digestion of organic waste materials.
Anaerobic refers to a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. Digestion refers
to a biological process performed by microbes or bacteria, which accomplishes the
digestion of the organic waste materials. The microbes/bacteria consume the
organic waste material, rendering its solid residue essentially inert. The process
occurs in the presence of water, ideally with the temperature and pH controlled to
optimize the digestion reactions and the health of the microbes/bacteria. The primary
byproducts of this process are methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Typically,
the volumetric gas ratio of methane to carbon dioxide is approximately 60:40 for
digester gas.
The Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002), table
titled “Gaseous Fuel Composition and Properties Requirements,” presents the
required fuel composition and physical properties for gaseous fuels. While all of
these requirements are important and must be observed, the most important
limitations contained in this table with respect to biogas are noted as follows:
! The fuel temperature must be at a minimum of 10° C (18° F) above its dew
point anywhere within the fuel connections and the system between the
Capstone MicroTurbine fuel inlet and the fuel manifold block (refer to Note 2).
! Calorific value (average Higher Heating Value, or HHV) must be at least 13.04
MJ/m3 (350 Btu/ft3). If necessary, biogas with less than 350 Btu/scf can be
blended with natural gas for use in the Capstone MicroTurbine.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 2 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Also in the aforementioned document, the table titled “Gaseous Fuel Contaminants
Limitations,” presents the required fuel contaminant limitations for gaseous fuel. All
limitations must be observed for compliance. The limitation regarding the presence
of siloxanes, however, is specific to both landfill gas and wastewater treatment plant
digester gas. This limitation is identified as follows:
! Siloxanes must be limited to a maximum of 5 parts per billion (ppb) by
volume. This is approximately the detection limit for siloxanes.
! Effectively, this limitation means that the fuel must contain no detectable level
of siloxanes.
Some of the implications of these requirements are discussed in the following
paragraphs. The focus is primarily on moisture and siloxane removal.
Typical Biogas Fuel Delivery System
A flowsheet for a typical biogas fuel preparation and delivery system to the Capstone
MicroTurbine is provided in Figure 1. Not all of the steps may be required for all
sites, and the steps may appear in different sequences in other cases. An example
of a fuel pretreatment system not requiring initial sediment filtration nor pre-
compressor dew point suppression is illustrated in Figure 2; however, as is described
throughout this document, though often similar, every biogas installation is unique,
and proper care should be taken when engineering the pretreatment system for a
given application.
Capstone recommends that a sediment trap or filter be placed at the beginning of the
line coming from the main gas manifold or pipe to the MicroTurbine plant. This filter
will eliminate most of the black powder sludge material (corrosion products) and
scale coming from the existing plant systems. Appropriate care should be taken to
provide for the adequate drainage and disposal of any condensate and
sediments/solids captured by this trap.
The siloxane filter can be placed either before or after the compressor (it is shown
after the compressor in Figure 1). Placement of this filter will affect the pressure
rating, overall size, and cost of the vessel, as well as the cost of graphite media
replacement. Other considerations should be made when determining the overall
configuration and layout of the equipment, including the siloxane filter. These
additional considerations are discussed at length throughout this application guide.
Decisions such as these are a function of the existing site features, the preferences
of the designer and end-user, and the size of the facility (that is, the quantity of
Capstone MicroTurbines).
The Capstone business partner or end-user is responsible for the fuel delivery
system, and may use any equipment that reliably meets the fuel inlet requirements of
the Capstone MicroTurbine.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 3 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Raw Biogas Input
Typical Biogas Fuel Delivery System
Sediment Trap
(Optional)
Liquid/Gas
Condensate
Separator
Dryer Condensate
Compressor
Liquid/Gas Condensate
Separator
Dryer Condensate
Siloxane Filter
Gaseous fuel at this point must
To appropriate drainage and disposal
have less than 5 parts per billion
equipment/facility
(ppb) by volume Siloxanes
Fuel gas temperature at this
Capstone External Sour point must be greater than Capstone
Gas Fuel Option Kit or equal to 10 degrees C MicroTurbine
(18 F) above the dew point
.
Figure 1. Typical Flowsheet for Biogas Fuel Delivery System
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 4 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Figure 2. Illustration of a Possible Biogas Pretreatment System
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 5 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Moisture Concerns
Because of the way it is produced, biogas is saturated with water. Any cooling of the
gas in process lines almost always generates liquid phase condensate. This
condensate must be knocked out when the gas first enters the Capstone
MicroTurbine flowsheet. Compressing the gas, and cooling it afterwards in a
compressor after-cooler, produces more condensate. The compressed gas must be
chilled, separated, and reheated (if downstream of the gas compressor). On the
typical flowsheet (Figure 1), these operations are labeled with the term dryer.
The ultimate objective is to introduce the pressurized gas into the Capstone
MicroTurbine in such a condition that it will arrive at the manifold block at least 10° C
(18° F) above its dew point temperature. Planning for this introduction must take into
account both the hottest and the coldest ambient temperatures that will be
encountered at the site. This planning is especially critical for installations operating
in regions experiencing very cold climates that might otherwise freeze condensate in
the fuel or drain lines.
Additionally, and as stated in Note 2 of the table titled “Gaseous Fuel Contaminants
Limitations” in the Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference
(410002): “If the fuel or fuel system must be heated to a temperature above the
ambient temperature in order to meet this requirement, or to prevent condensed
water from freezing, precautions must be taken to prevent the condensation of water
vapor or freezing when the MicroTurbine is shut down, so that freezing of control
valves does not occur and no liquid may enter the MicroTurbine control system when
started or during operation.” Careful attention to this requirement is essential at
outdoor installations subject to freezing temperatures.
Early Capstone biogas installations have shown that the use of industry-accepted,
proven technology for compression and drying of landfill gas and digester gas is
essential; for example:
! Sour gas compatible rotary sliding vane or screw compressors.
! Refrigerated dryers or water/glycol chillers.
! In both cases, stainless steel or equivalent construction is specified for biogas.
Two of the most important points of plumbing design at a biogas site are to use the
right material and allow for drainage. Plastic pipe is used in some locations but is
not permitted in others. This type of pipe has the advantage of being corrosion-proof,
but can be damaged. All piping must have provision for drainage. If the pipe goes
underground or has a low point, the condensate will collect there and needs to be
drained. Even if the piping diagram plan view appears to be perfect, the plumber
may be tempted to route elevated pipe back to the ground level between various
components like the compressor and the dryer. That pipe, and all others, must either
slope toward a vessel with a drain or take appropriate means for condensate
drainage.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 6 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Other considerations must also be made for the condensate removal system. For
example, a device in front of the gas compressor intended for liquid/gas separation
may be operating under a vacuum during normal operation. This is due to the high
volume of gas that the compressor must intake in the area near its inlet to achieve
the desired levels of flow and pressure. Under these conditions, care should be
taken when draining condensate to avoid drawing in air that may result in
MicroTurbine flameout or condensate ingestion by the gas compressor. Typical
approaches may include the addition of condensate level switches and a small pump
to remove the condensate; or perhaps an additional container and valves on the
drain line to isolate the liquid from the vacuum so that the condensate may be
manually drained while not introducing air to the fuel.
Additional care should be applied to selecting the types of liquid/gas separators used
in such a system. Common applications employ coalescing, mesh-pad, cyclonic, or
baffled separators made of stainless steel. Such separators may be acceptable for
an application for a pressurized system, but these types of separators are not always
appropriate for separation at very low pressure (i.e., at the compressor inlet). For the
low-pressure separator, great care should be taken in both selecting the separator
size and type. The approach will be different from one site to another, depending on
ambient temperatures, fuel type, moisture content, existing fuel treatment, etc.
Regardless of the approach or technology applied for condensate control, it is
required that all gas-wetted components be constructed of stainless steel or some
other appropriate material capable of tolerating the presence of hydrogen sulfide in
the system and any relevant weather conditions. In some cases, this may include
the upgrade of any heat exchangers in the dryer or chiller to stainless steel.
Moreover, it is highly recommended that temperature indicators and/or alarms be
added, if possible, at the point of lowest temperature. This should be done so that a
failure of the chiller/dryer component can be used to stop operation and provide
maximum protection to the MicroTurbine and gas compressor.
Since a significant portion of the overall condensate formed will occur during the
after-cooling process of the gas compressor, it is recommended that some form of
liquid/gas separation take place after the gas compressor, so that the operation of a
refrigerated dryer/chiller is not impaired or rendered less efficient. In many cases,
this separation may be achieved with the addition of a coalescing filter so that the
filter can both remove liquid phase condensate as well as provide additional filtration
prior to the inlet of the refrigerated dryer/chiller heat exchanger. Also, the portion of
pipe directly after the compressor needs to have a method of draining into an
appropriate vessel. This may require elevating the compressor so that condensate
will flow away from the compressor. A check valve should also be installed directly
after the compressor to prevent any moisture from flowing back into the compressor
upon shutdown.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 7 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Aside from the direct impacts that moisture may have in the MicroTurbine itself
(which may include stuck fuel valves and plugged fuel injectors), moisture may also
present a significant indirect affect to the MicroTurbine. In some biogas applications,
it may be necessary to filter out several components of the fuel known collectively as
siloxanes (see below for additional detail on siloxanes). Many of the filters that are
used for siloxane removal are impaired by the presence of liquid condensate, which
in turn, may allow siloxanes to reach and impact the MicroTurbines. For this reason,
the temperature of the fuel must be higher then the fuel’s dew point when passing
through the siloxane removal devices. In Figure 1, for example, this is accomplished
by placing the siloxane removal after a gas dryer.
Drain lines from all condensate producing devices should be directed towards an
appropriate drainage disposal facility/equipment. Since there are many points of
condensate drainage from the system, care should be taken to avoid over-
pressurizing the drainage lines themselves. Condensate drain lines from high-
pressure sources should not be tied together with drain lines from low-pressure
sources. Ideally, all drain lines should be kept separate. However, should any drain
line manifolding occur, it would be necessary to add check valves to the drain lines of
all devices.
Timer-based drainage systems have proven to be common in many applications,
especially with refrigerated dryers. Other types of drains and traps are also used to
as part of an effort to create a fully automatic drainage system for a pretreatment
system. However, even if a fully automatic drainage system is in place, all
condensate traps on the drain line should have a bypass available for manual
draining should an issue arise with an existing trap. Furthermore, if an installation will
be operated without oversight for any length of time, the drainage system should also
include high-level switches as alarms to cease operation of the overall installation in
the event that some portion of the drainage system fail. When possible, the entire
system, including the drainage system, should be manually inspected for potential or
developing issues. It is recommended that such inspections occur daily for a new
installation.
Capstone can assist business partners and end-users in the selection of appropriate
equipment, and in the design and integration of the fuel processing equipment into
the overall installation. However, the Capstone business partner or end-user is
responsible for the fuel delivery system, and may use any equipment that reliably
meets the fuel inlet requirements of the Capstone MicroTurbine.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 8 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Fuel Pressure Concerns
As mentioned previously, rotary sliding vane compressors have shown a tolerance
for hydrogen sulfide in low to moderate levels. However, regardless of the
compressor technology ultimately employed, the ability of the gas compressor (a.k.a.
fuel gas booster) to supply an adequate level of pressure is vital to the success of the
installation. The Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference
(410002) provides useful information indicating that a decrease in the energy content
of the fuel will require an increase in the available pressure at the fuel valve of the
MicroTurbine; however, the gas compressor is still required to provide gas pressures
in the range of 90-95 psig at the compressor discharge point for low and medium Btu
installations.
This increased pressure discharge from the compressor compensates for several
things. First, it provides sufficient pressure to overcome the pressure losses across
most devices downstream of the compressor and upstream of the MicroTurbine.
Second, it allows for a minimum of 12-15 psig pressure drop across the pressure
regulator on the external fuel kit near the inlet of the MicroTurbine. This pressure
drop allows the regulator to adequately protect the MicroTurbine from most moderate
pressure fluctuations upstream of the regulator as well as the fluctuations caused by
the starting/stopping of additional MicroTurbines consuming fuel from the same fuel
header. Third, this compressor discharge pressure allows the MicroTurbine to
receive the necessary fuel pressure it requires in steady fashion, which may be as
high as 70-74 psig in low Btu applications.
The ability of the gas compressor to maintain the required pressure levels, as well as
successfully operate in the long term, is affected by the levels of Hydrogen Sulfide
(H2S), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), gas moisture content and the actual frequency of oil
changes. Many compressors that operate on biogas will use specific oils intended to
both lubricate the compressor, as well as provide some degree of protection against
corrosion. Since the level of both H2S and CO2 in a fuel is very site specific, the rate
of oil degradation is site specific as well. Thus, it may be necessary to periodically
sample and test the oil to determine the frequency of required compressor oil
changes to maintain compressor life and performance.
A serious consideration for the gas compressor, regardless of the technology utilized,
is the temperature of the inlet gas stream. As discussed previously, the fuel coming
to the gas compressor will probably be saturated with moisture. Since the ability of
this type of fuel to hold moisture increases dramatically with temperature, it will often
be required to pre-cool the fuel to a lower temperature and remove the resulting
condensate (see Figure 1). This ensures that the moisture in the fuel does not leave
the vapor state as it passes through the gas compressor. Biogas from an anaerobic
digester, and at some landfills, may arrive at the pretreatment system at
temperatures in excess of 120 degrees Fahrenheit.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 9 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Ideally, the dew point temperature of the fuel entering the gas compressor should be
lower then 60° F for maximum protection of the compressor, but if 60° F or lower dew
point temperatures cannot be achieved, then the lowest possible dew point
temperatures should be obtained. In some cases, it may be necessary to modify the
compressor to run hotter internally to prevent moisture from condensing within the
compressor; although this is not always a viable option.
In some installations, a refrigerated gas dryer will be used instead of a chiller on the
discharge side (high pressure side) of the gas compressor. Many refrigerated dryers
use timer-based drainage systems for purging of the collected condensate. Since
many of these dryers are placed after the gas compressor, but still in close proximity
to the compressor discharge, there is the possibility that the dryer draining periods
will cause a local drop in pressure that can be detected by the gas compressor. This
condition often results in a cycle of the compressor rpm (for systems with a variable
speed drive) each time the dryers opens its drain. If such events are severe and
occur rapidly, it may result in an accelerated loss of compressor oil into the gas
stream. This situation, however, may be addressed in several ways, from the
addition of a small buffer tank, to the addition of a small restriction in the dryer drain
line that minimizes gas loss and local pressure fluctuation. Note that if the siloxane
filter vessel is located relatively close to the compressor and dryer, the vessel may
double as a high-pressure buffer tank. This minimizes the pressure fluctuation that
would otherwise be seen by the MicroTurbines while assisting the gas compressor to
cope with the local loss in pressure from the refrigerated dryer drain.
Filter Element Concerns
Following commissioning of MicroTurbines using digester gas or landfill gas as fuel,
the coalescing filters on the Capstone external fuel kit and inside the MicroTurbine
enclosure should be inspected once a week during the first month of operation.
These inspections will determine whether the filters are wet or dry, and if they are
collecting significant amounts of particulate matter (such as carbon particles from the
siloxane filters).
If the filters are wet, the gas does not meet the Capstone fuel specification. As a
consequence, performance of the MicroTurbine will be impacted, and the warranty
may be voided if damage to fuel system components is caused by fuel moisture. If
this occurs, take corrective action to the fuel delivery system: replace the filter
elements, and continue checking once a week for several weeks, to verify that the
filters remain dry. Notice that the inside surface of the cylindrical filter element is the
surface that collects the particulate matter.
Once the weekly filter inspections have verified that the fuel is dry, it is recommended
that at least one filter be inspected every month for several months. Depending on
the results of these inspections, it may be necessary to change the filter elements
more often than every 8,000 hours (which is the guideline for pipeline-quality natural
gas), as noted in the MicroTurbine Standard Maintenance Work Instruction (440000).
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 10 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Moreover, the fuel filters should be inspected within 1000 hours of a siloxane filter
media change. The change of the siloxane media introduces new particulate
impurities to the system that will likely be captured by the fuel filters at the inlet of the
MicroTurbine (if the siloxane removal system is placed as shown in Figure 1). Thus,
it may be necessary to change the fuel filters soon after a change of the siloxane
filtration media to ensure that the fuel filters do not become significantly clogged and
allowing additional impurities to pass into the MicroTurbine.
Siloxane Concerns
Siloxanes are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and silicon (Si)
and are relatively volatile organic/silicon compounds manufactured and used as a
basic building block monomer for polymerized silicone formations. Further, siloxanes
are used extensively in consumer products as a volatile dispersant agent to help
evenly spread organic-based specialty chemicals. Some of these products include
deodorant, lipstick, and makeup.
As man-made compounds that typically are washed down the drain or thrown in the
trash, siloxanes are ALWAYS found in landfill gas and wastewater treatment plant
digester gas. However, siloxanes are NOT likely to be found in certain other types of
digester gases. Examples of operations that are likely to produce siloxane-free
digester gas include the following:
! Dairy and hog farms (manure digesters).
! Breweries and ethanol plants.
! Food processing plants.
Analysis of biogas from wastewater treatment plant digesters and landfills reveals
that cyclic (ring-structure) siloxanes are the most prevalent form. Figure 3 presents
the structure of a specific siloxane molecule, commonly called D4, found in
wastewater treatment plant digester gases. However, since many other types of
siloxanes may be present in biogas, a complete fuel analysis should be performed to
identify the types and quantities of other present siloxane molecules, so that the
appropriate graphite media may be used for optimal filtration.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 11 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Siloxane (D4)
(Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane)
CH3
O Si O
CH3
CH3 Si CH3 CH3 Si CH3
CH3
O Si O
CH3
Figure 3. Chemical Structure for a Siloxane (D4) Molecule
Siloxanes have limited water solubility, and they agglomerate in the solids (sludge)
fed to digesters at wastewater treatment plants. In the hot environment of digesters,
concentrations of volatile siloxanes increase due to the decomposition of silicones
and other polymers composed of siloxanes. As a result, the concentration of
siloxanes in digester gas is in the measurable ppb (parts per billion) or ppm (parts per
million) range.
As biogas that contains siloxanes is combusted, the silicon reacts with oxygen to
form silicon dioxide (SiO2), a solid white powder commonly known as silica. Sand
(quartz) is nearly pure silica. Silica particles are abrasive and have a very high
melting temperature.
When siloxanes are present in the fuel to a Capstone MicroTurbine, tiny particles of
silica form in the combustion section. The silica particles travel with the exhaust
gases at very high speeds through the nozzle vanes into the turbine wheel, and then
exits through the recuperator and heat exchanger (if installed). Over time, these
abrasive particles can cause erosion of some of the metal surfaces they contact, as
well as fouling and plugging of heat exchanger surfaces - leading to a gradual
increase in fuel consumption and exhaust temperature and a decrease in system
efficiency. Additionally, silica may deposit all throughout the combustion section of
the MicroTurbine and behind the turbine wheel, which could lead to seizing of the
turbine shaft.
In other power generating equipment (internal combustion engines and gas turbines)
used for landfill gas and digester gas, troublesome silica deposits and erosion have
also been found. These deposits are often found on the cylinder heads and rings of
internal combustion engines, and on the heat recovery steam generator tubes of gas
turbines. Maintenance and rebuild requirements tend to be very high, as shown by
unit availability data. It is not uncommon for internal combustion engines at
wastewater treatment plants to have top-end rebuilds twice a year.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 12 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
As more stringent NOx emission requirements are imposed, generators other than
Capstone MicroTurbines are being forced to incorporate post-combustion catalytic
controls. Silica particles in the exhaust gas from these generators operating on
biogas have been observed to blind the catalyst and render it ineffective within a few
hours of operation.
For these reasons, as technology is driven towards higher performance levels and
lower emissions, siloxane removal is expected to become a more common process
step in all biogas power generation systems, not just in Capstone MicroTurbine
systems.
Siloxane Removal Concerns (Capstone MicroTurbines)
Applied Filter Technology (AFT) of Snohomish, Washington provides siloxane
removal systems and services specifically designed for Capstone MicroTurbines.
Upon request, Capstone will review and may approve the use of other systems or
vendors that can reliably meet the basic requirement of no detectable siloxanes (<5
ppb) in the fuel entering the Capstone MicroTurbine.
The basic technology is absorption of siloxanes in the pores of graphite media.
Applied Filter Technology has a number of different media with different pore sizes
and structures, and layers them differently for each biogas to optimize overall
performance. Applied Filter Technology refers to this system as Segmented Activity
Gradient (or SAG).
The services performed by Applied Filter Technology include the following:
! Providing the special gas sampling equipment and method needed to obtain
an accurate siloxane analysis.
! Coordination with the analytical laboratory.
! Evaluation of the concentrations of siloxanes and other organic compounds.
! Calculation of removal efficiencies and media replacement rates.
! Design and manufacture of the siloxane removal system.
! Engineering consultation as necessary.
In order to keep the cost to a minimum, the siloxane removal system may be
designed without a lead-lag vessel system. Bypassing the vessel for a couple of
hours while the media is being changed will not cause any measurable loss in
Capstone MicroTurbine performance, if this operation is performed just a few times a
year. A biogas with an extremely high concentration of siloxanes would be treated
as an exception to this typical guideline.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 13 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is normally present in biogas, and is preferentially absorbed
in graphite media. Sites with high H2S content in the biogas may require more
extensive fuel treatment systems (possibly including separate H2S removal) to
ensure complete removal of siloxanes with reasonable run lengths between graphite
media changes.
The Capstone installer or end-user is responsible for the fuel delivery system,
including the selection, design, and operation of the siloxane removal system.
Materials of Construction Concerns
Biogas is sour gas, containing H2S in the 100 to 10,000 ppm range. High CO2
content makes it acidic as well. Biogas condensate is a foul-smelling, noxious
material that contains some difficult-to-handle compounds. Stainless steel, plastic,
and aluminum are the preferred materials of construction. Parts made of yellow
metals, such as brass valves and copper heat exchanger tubes are inappropriate.
Carbon steel will also eventually corrode, leaving byproducts that can clog and
damage other equipment.
Resources
These resources have hardware that may be appropriate for biogas applications:
Refrigerated Dryers & Chillers:
Company: Pneumatech
Contact Information: Titus A. Mathews
Phone - (262) 658-4300
Fax - (262) 658-1945
Email - tmathews@pneumatech.com
Web Page - http://www.pneumatech.com/
Company: Q-Air California
Contact Information: Richard Walsh
Phone - (562) 906-8687
Fax - (562) 946-0327
Fuel Compressors (Fuel Gas Boosters):
Company: CompAir
Contact Information: Gavin Monn
Phone - (937) 498-2565
Fax - (937) 492-3811
Email - gavin.monn@compair.com
Web Page - http://www.compair.com/
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 14 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Company: A-C Compressor
Contact Information: Web Page - http://www.gepower.com/geoilandgas
Company: Davey Compressor
Contact Information: Web Page - http://www.daveycompressor.com/
Notes: Compressors require third party modification for
biogas. Contact Capstone for additional details.
Exhaust Heat Exchangers for Biogas:
Company: Cain Industries
Contact Information: Jim Rozanski
Sales Engineer
Phone 1 - (800) 558-8690 x19
Phone 2 - (262) 251-0051 x19
Fax - (262) 251-0118
Email - jim.rozanski@cainind.com
Web Page - http://www.cainind.com/
Stainless Steel Exhaust Ducting:
Company: Heat & Power Products, Inc.
Contact Information: Bruce Ames
Phone - (920) 858-2004 x4
Fax - (920) 428-1390
Email - bames@hpprep.com
Web Page - http://www.heatandpowerproducts.com/
Capstone distributors who have installed and/or operated biogas installations with
MicroTurbine equipment are:
Calpwr
Primary Biogas Application(s): Waste water treatment plants
Primary Contact(s): Joe Silva
San Diego, CA
Phone - (858) 277-8585
Fax - (858) 277-8514
Email - joes@calpwr.com
Unison Solutions
Primary Biogas Application(s): Anaerobic digesters, landfills,
waste water treatment plants
Primary Contact(s): Jan Scott or Dave Broihahn
Dubuque, Iowa
Phone 1 - (563) 585-0968
Phone 2 - (563) 585-0969
Fax - (563) 585-0970
Email - jan.scott@unisonsolutions.com
Email - dave.broihahn@unisonsolutions.com
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 15 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Stellar Power & Utilities
Primary Biogas Application(s): Waste water treatment plants
Primary Contact(s): Eric Fox
Jacksonville, FL
Phone - (904) 899-9485
Mobile - (904) 631-4799
Fax - (904) 899-9485
Email - efox@thestellargroup.com
Designers, installers, or end-users with little or no practical experience in installing
and/or operating a biogas-to-energy project may benefit from using services of
companies experienced in this field. Capstone does not recommend that those
inexperienced in biogas applications undertake such projects without engaging
appropriately skilled personnel as these can be particularly technically challenging
applications.
It remains the full responsibility of the designer and installer to properly engineer,
integrate, and install any component selected for such a pretreatment system and for
the integration of the pretreatment system with the MicroTurbine. Capstone
undertakes no obligation to update this resource list provided in this Application
Guide.
Safety Considerations
Consideration should be given to minimizing the exposure of workers to both the
biogas and the condensate as they perform maintenance on the systems. Purge
valves and purge gas systems, bypass lines, media replacement hatches, and media
maintenance procedures, in addition to ventilation requirements, are important
considerations. In addition, all workers must have H2S safety training.
Capstone Technical Information
For additional information, or if specific Biogas questions arise, feel free to
contact the Biogas Product Director or the Biogas Applications Manager at
Capstone Turbine Corporation:
Capstone Turbine Corporation
21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth, CA 91311
Phone: (818) 734-5300 • Fax: (818) 734-5320
Website: http://www.microturbine.com/
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 16 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Capstone Telephone: (818) 734-5300 • Facsimile: (818) 734-5320 • Website: www.microturbine.com
Application Guide
Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
This document presents fuel application information for the Capstone MicroTurbine
operating on landfill gas or digester gas. This combination may be referred to
generically as "biogas".
Introduction
Compliance with the requirements detailed in this document is essential to avoid
problems that may affect the performance, life, reliability, warranty, and in some
cases, the safe operation of the Capstone MicroTurbine.
For additional information regarding different fuels and fuel usage, please refer to the
Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002).
The major areas of this document are detailed in the Table of Contents as follows:
Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................1
Biogas Fuel Requirements ............................................................................................2
Typical Biogas Fuel Delivery System ............................................................................3
Moisture Concerns......................................................................................................6
Fuel Pressure Concerns .............................................................................................9
Filter Element Concerns ...........................................................................................10
Siloxane Concerns....................................................................................................11
Siloxane Removal Concerns (Capstone MicroTurbines).........................................13
Materials of Construction Concerns .........................................................................14
Sources ........................................................................................................................14
Safety Considerations..................................................................................................16
Capstone Technical Information..................................................................................16
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 1 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Biogas Fuel Requirements
Operational fuel requirements for the Capstone MicroTurbine are provided in
Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002).
Capstone bases its warranty on the quality of the gas at the MicroTurbine inlet. This
leaves the business partner and/or end-user responsible for the following items:
! Assessing the need for gas cleanup and conditioning.
! Selecting and properly installing, operating, and maintaining the appropriate
gas cleanup and conditioning equipment.
This Biogas Application Guide is intended to provide supplementary, application-
specific information for use by Capstone business partners and end-users. In the
event of any conflict between the information provided herein, and the information
and requirements contained within the Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements
Technical Reference (410002), the Fuel Requirements Technical Reference shall
take precedence.
Biogas originates from the anaerobic digestion of organic waste materials.
Anaerobic refers to a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. Digestion refers
to a biological process performed by microbes or bacteria, which accomplishes the
digestion of the organic waste materials. The microbes/bacteria consume the
organic waste material, rendering its solid residue essentially inert. The process
occurs in the presence of water, ideally with the temperature and pH controlled to
optimize the digestion reactions and the health of the microbes/bacteria. The primary
byproducts of this process are methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Typically,
the volumetric gas ratio of methane to carbon dioxide is approximately 60:40 for
digester gas.
The Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002), table
titled “Gaseous Fuel Composition and Properties Requirements,” presents the
required fuel composition and physical properties for gaseous fuels. While all of
these requirements are important and must be observed, the most important
limitations contained in this table with respect to biogas are noted as follows:
! The fuel temperature must be at a minimum of 10° C (18° F) above its dew
point anywhere within the fuel connections and the system between the
Capstone MicroTurbine fuel inlet and the fuel manifold block (refer to Note 2).
! Calorific value (average Higher Heating Value, or HHV) must be at least 13.04
MJ/m3 (350 Btu/ft3). If necessary, biogas with less than 350 Btu/scf can be
blended with natural gas for use in the Capstone MicroTurbine.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 2 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Also in the aforementioned document, the table titled “Gaseous Fuel Contaminants
Limitations,” presents the required fuel contaminant limitations for gaseous fuel. All
limitations must be observed for compliance. The limitation regarding the presence
of siloxanes, however, is specific to both landfill gas and wastewater treatment plant
digester gas. This limitation is identified as follows:
! Siloxanes must be limited to a maximum of 5 parts per billion (ppb) by
volume. This is approximately the detection limit for siloxanes.
! Effectively, this limitation means that the fuel must contain no detectable level
of siloxanes.
Some of the implications of these requirements are discussed in the following
paragraphs. The focus is primarily on moisture and siloxane removal.
Typical Biogas Fuel Delivery System
A flowsheet for a typical biogas fuel preparation and delivery system to the Capstone
MicroTurbine is provided in Figure 1. Not all of the steps may be required for all
sites, and the steps may appear in different sequences in other cases. An example
of a fuel pretreatment system not requiring initial sediment filtration nor pre-
compressor dew point suppression is illustrated in Figure 2; however, as is described
throughout this document, though often similar, every biogas installation is unique,
and proper care should be taken when engineering the pretreatment system for a
given application.
Capstone recommends that a sediment trap or filter be placed at the beginning of the
line coming from the main gas manifold or pipe to the MicroTurbine plant. This filter
will eliminate most of the black powder sludge material (corrosion products) and
scale coming from the existing plant systems. Appropriate care should be taken to
provide for the adequate drainage and disposal of any condensate and
sediments/solids captured by this trap.
The siloxane filter can be placed either before or after the compressor (it is shown
after the compressor in Figure 1). Placement of this filter will affect the pressure
rating, overall size, and cost of the vessel, as well as the cost of graphite media
replacement. Other considerations should be made when determining the overall
configuration and layout of the equipment, including the siloxane filter. These
additional considerations are discussed at length throughout this application guide.
Decisions such as these are a function of the existing site features, the preferences
of the designer and end-user, and the size of the facility (that is, the quantity of
Capstone MicroTurbines).
The Capstone business partner or end-user is responsible for the fuel delivery
system, and may use any equipment that reliably meets the fuel inlet requirements of
the Capstone MicroTurbine.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 3 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Raw Biogas Input
Typical Biogas Fuel Delivery System
Sediment Trap
(Optional)
Liquid/Gas
Condensate
Separator
Dryer Condensate
Compressor
Liquid/Gas Condensate
Separator
Dryer Condensate
Siloxane Filter
Gaseous fuel at this point must
To appropriate drainage and disposal
have less than 5 parts per billion
equipment/facility
(ppb) by volume Siloxanes
Fuel gas temperature at this
Capstone External Sour point must be greater than Capstone
Gas Fuel Option Kit or equal to 10 degrees C MicroTurbine
(18 F) above the dew point
.
Figure 1. Typical Flowsheet for Biogas Fuel Delivery System
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 4 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Figure 2. Illustration of a Possible Biogas Pretreatment System
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 5 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Moisture Concerns
Because of the way it is produced, biogas is saturated with water. Any cooling of the
gas in process lines almost always generates liquid phase condensate. This
condensate must be knocked out when the gas first enters the Capstone
MicroTurbine flowsheet. Compressing the gas, and cooling it afterwards in a
compressor after-cooler, produces more condensate. The compressed gas must be
chilled, separated, and reheated (if downstream of the gas compressor). On the
typical flowsheet (Figure 1), these operations are labeled with the term dryer.
The ultimate objective is to introduce the pressurized gas into the Capstone
MicroTurbine in such a condition that it will arrive at the manifold block at least 10° C
(18° F) above its dew point temperature. Planning for this introduction must take into
account both the hottest and the coldest ambient temperatures that will be
encountered at the site. This planning is especially critical for installations operating
in regions experiencing very cold climates that might otherwise freeze condensate in
the fuel or drain lines.
Additionally, and as stated in Note 2 of the table titled “Gaseous Fuel Contaminants
Limitations” in the Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference
(410002): “If the fuel or fuel system must be heated to a temperature above the
ambient temperature in order to meet this requirement, or to prevent condensed
water from freezing, precautions must be taken to prevent the condensation of water
vapor or freezing when the MicroTurbine is shut down, so that freezing of control
valves does not occur and no liquid may enter the MicroTurbine control system when
started or during operation.” Careful attention to this requirement is essential at
outdoor installations subject to freezing temperatures.
Early Capstone biogas installations have shown that the use of industry-accepted,
proven technology for compression and drying of landfill gas and digester gas is
essential; for example:
! Sour gas compatible rotary sliding vane or screw compressors.
! Refrigerated dryers or water/glycol chillers.
! In both cases, stainless steel or equivalent construction is specified for biogas.
Two of the most important points of plumbing design at a biogas site are to use the
right material and allow for drainage. Plastic pipe is used in some locations but is
not permitted in others. This type of pipe has the advantage of being corrosion-proof,
but can be damaged. All piping must have provision for drainage. If the pipe goes
underground or has a low point, the condensate will collect there and needs to be
drained. Even if the piping diagram plan view appears to be perfect, the plumber
may be tempted to route elevated pipe back to the ground level between various
components like the compressor and the dryer. That pipe, and all others, must either
slope toward a vessel with a drain or take appropriate means for condensate
drainage.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 6 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Other considerations must also be made for the condensate removal system. For
example, a device in front of the gas compressor intended for liquid/gas separation
may be operating under a vacuum during normal operation. This is due to the high
volume of gas that the compressor must intake in the area near its inlet to achieve
the desired levels of flow and pressure. Under these conditions, care should be
taken when draining condensate to avoid drawing in air that may result in
MicroTurbine flameout or condensate ingestion by the gas compressor. Typical
approaches may include the addition of condensate level switches and a small pump
to remove the condensate; or perhaps an additional container and valves on the
drain line to isolate the liquid from the vacuum so that the condensate may be
manually drained while not introducing air to the fuel.
Additional care should be applied to selecting the types of liquid/gas separators used
in such a system. Common applications employ coalescing, mesh-pad, cyclonic, or
baffled separators made of stainless steel. Such separators may be acceptable for
an application for a pressurized system, but these types of separators are not always
appropriate for separation at very low pressure (i.e., at the compressor inlet). For the
low-pressure separator, great care should be taken in both selecting the separator
size and type. The approach will be different from one site to another, depending on
ambient temperatures, fuel type, moisture content, existing fuel treatment, etc.
Regardless of the approach or technology applied for condensate control, it is
required that all gas-wetted components be constructed of stainless steel or some
other appropriate material capable of tolerating the presence of hydrogen sulfide in
the system and any relevant weather conditions. In some cases, this may include
the upgrade of any heat exchangers in the dryer or chiller to stainless steel.
Moreover, it is highly recommended that temperature indicators and/or alarms be
added, if possible, at the point of lowest temperature. This should be done so that a
failure of the chiller/dryer component can be used to stop operation and provide
maximum protection to the MicroTurbine and gas compressor.
Since a significant portion of the overall condensate formed will occur during the
after-cooling process of the gas compressor, it is recommended that some form of
liquid/gas separation take place after the gas compressor, so that the operation of a
refrigerated dryer/chiller is not impaired or rendered less efficient. In many cases,
this separation may be achieved with the addition of a coalescing filter so that the
filter can both remove liquid phase condensate as well as provide additional filtration
prior to the inlet of the refrigerated dryer/chiller heat exchanger. Also, the portion of
pipe directly after the compressor needs to have a method of draining into an
appropriate vessel. This may require elevating the compressor so that condensate
will flow away from the compressor. A check valve should also be installed directly
after the compressor to prevent any moisture from flowing back into the compressor
upon shutdown.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 7 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, disclosed to others, or used for any
purposes other than the specific purpose for which this document was delivered. Capstone reserves the right to change or modify without notice, the design, the equipment ratings,
and/or the contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA
Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
Aside from the direct impacts that moisture may have in the MicroTurbine itself
(which may include stuck fuel valves and plugged fuel injectors), moisture may also
present a significant indirect affect to the MicroTurbine. In some biogas applications,
it may be necessary to filter out several components of the fuel known collectively as
siloxanes (see below for additional detail on siloxanes). Many of the filters that are
used for siloxane removal are impaired by the presence of liquid condensate, which
in turn, may allow siloxanes to reach and impact the MicroTurbines. For this reason,
the temperature of the fuel must be higher then the fuel’s dew point when passing
through the siloxane removal devices. In Figure 1, for example, this is accomplished
by placing the siloxane removal after a gas dryer.
Drain lines from all condensate producing devices should be directed towards an
appropriate drainage disposal facility/equipment. Since there are many points of
condensate drainage from the system, care should be taken to avoid over-
pressurizing the drainage lines themselves. Condensate drain lines from high-
pressure sources should not be tied together with drain lines from low-pressure
sources. Ideally, all drain lines should be kept separate. However, should any drain
line manifolding occur, it would be necessary to add check valves to the drain lines of
all devices.
Timer-based drainage systems have proven to be common in many applications,
especially with refrigerated dryers. Other types of drains and traps are also used to
as part of an effort to create a fully automatic drainage system for a pretreatment
system. However, even if a fully automatic drainage system is in place, all
condensate traps on the drain line should have a bypass available for manual
draining should an issue arise with an existing trap. Furthermore, if an installation will
be operated without oversight for any length of time, the drainage system should also
include high-level switches as alarms to cease operation of the overall installation in
the event that some portion of the drainage system fail. When possible, the entire
system, including the drainage system, should be manually inspected for potential or
developing issues. It is recommended that such inspections occur daily for a new
installation.
Capstone can assist business partners and end-users in the selection of appropriate
equipment, and in the design and integration of the fuel processing equipment into
the overall installation. However, the Capstone business partner or end-user is
responsible for the fuel delivery system, and may use any equipment that reliably
meets the fuel inlet requirements of the Capstone MicroTurbine.
480002-001 Rev C (February 2004) Page 8 of 16
This information is proprietary to Capstone Turbine Corporation. Neith