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Capitalization

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posted:
9/3/2008
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Using Capital Letters



 Les Hanson 2002



Overview

 This presentation reviews the rules you (should) already know as well as some of the tricky aspects of capitalization  It deals with the following topics:

Sentences Lists  



In general, specific names require capitals

Lake the



Titles Names



Superior, Fred, Great Depression



General names do not require capitals

prairies, my uncle, a recession



Sentences

 Capitalize the first word of a sentence  And the first word of a quoted sentence

 She



said, “You are stupid.”



 Don’t capitalize the second part of a fragmented quotation

 “You



are stupid,” she said, “and your mother dresses you funny.”



 Don’t capitalize partial quotes

 He



talked of the “plausible deniability” of the scheme.



Lists

 Capitalize sentences that follow a colon  Capitalize the first word of each item in a vertical list

 These  Remember



this: Grammar is boring.



 Don’t capitalize words in horizontal lists

 Language



 Colons  Semicolons  Dashes



punctuation marks are confusing:



is made up of numerous parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.



Titles of books, articles, and songs

 Capitalize the first, last, and all important words in a title  Don’t capitalize short articles, prepositions, and conjunctions

 As You Like It  The Merry Wives of Windsor  Love’s Labours Lost  Taming of the Shrew  The Merchant of Venice



 Capitalize the specific names of people, places, and institutions

 



Names and Titles



Stockwell Day, Alberta, Canadian Alliance party leader, communist, fascist, right wing Aunt Polly



 But not general references

Prime Minister Chretien,



 Capitalize titles that precede names





 But not when used alone, or after names

 



The minister was demoted to the back benches Bill, my uncle, sat beside Gary Doer, premier of Manitoba



Names of Groups

 Capitalize races, religions, and languages

 Bosnian,



Buddhism, French, Cree



 Do not capitalize general references

 aboriginal, A



white, black, fundamentalist



 Some words vary according to usage

native speaker of English  A Native from the Yukon (used as a substitute for “Indian”  Australian Aborigines have certain aboriginal rights



Product Names

 Capitalize brand names and trademarks  Do not capitalize generic product names  Capitalize words derived from proper nouns  Freudian slip, Swiss cheese, English

muffin scotch

 pasteurize,  cola,  Coke,



Kleenix, Roller Blades, Popsicle



tissues, inline skates, flavoured ice



 Eventually such words lose their capitals

french fry, panama hat,



Dates and Directions

 Capitalize days of the week, months, holidays  But not seasons

 summer, I  Monday,



June, Thanksgiving fall, winter



 Don’t capitalize directions



 Unless it refers to a specific location

 Fighting broke out in the Middle East  Winter roads are common in the North



drove north for two blocks



Course Names

 Capitalize specific names of courses

 History



101, Intermediate Basketweaving, a Bachelor of Arts degree



 But not general references to courses

 geography,



communication, accounting  He is studying engineering



Interactive Exercise

 Click on the buttons below or key in the links to do interactive exercises on capitalization (and to receive a dose of Winnipeg trivia)



 http://xnet.rrc.mb.ca/leshanson/Hot_Potat o/Capitalization_1.htm  http://xnet.rrc.mb.ca/leshanson/Hot_Potat o/Capitalization_2.htm



Capitalization 1



Capitalization 2




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