UNIT 3 OUTLINE: SOLUTIONS AND SOLUBILITY
This is a tentative outline of this unit. It is intended as a study guide. By the end
of this unit you should be able to understand and explain the following concepts:
Overall Expectations
* analyse the origins and effects of water pollution, and a variety of economic, social,
and environmental issues related to drinking water;
* investigate qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions and solve related
problems
* demonstrate an understanding of qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions
PROJECT:
* relate a scientific knowledge of solutions and solubility to everyday applications, and
explain how environmental water quality depends on the concentrations of a variety of
dissolved substances.
1. Water and Solutions
- water as a universal solvent: polarity, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and London dispersion
forces
- properties of solutions: intermolecular forces and factors affecting solubility
- concentrations: mass and volume percent, molar concentrations
LAB: prepare solutions of required concentration by dissolving a solid solute and diluting a
concentrated solution;
2. Reactions in Solutions
- aqueous ionic reactions: double displacement reactions and net ionic equations
LAB: (Identification of an Unknown Ion) determine, through experiments, qualitative and
quantitative properties of solutions
3. Solution Stoichiometry
- concentration of ions
- limiting reagent problems
4. Acids and Bases
- Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry theories, conjugate acid-base pairs
- strong and weak acids and bases;
- reactions involving acids and bases (e.g., dissociation, displacement, and neutralization
reactions);
LAB: (Titration) use a titration procedure to determine the concentration of an acid or base
in solution (e.g., acetic acid in vinegar)
5. pH scale
- pH scale and pH indicators