From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
C-17 Globemaster III Development
Background and design phase
The first C-17 flying a test sortie in 2007.
Role Strategic/tactical airlifter
National origin United States
Manufacturer McDonnell Douglas / Boeing The McDonnell Douglas YC-15 design was used as the basis for
the C-17.
First flight 15 September 1991
Introduction 14 July 1993 In the 1970s, the U.S. Air Force began looking for a re-
placement for its C-130 Hercules tactical cargo aircraft.[2]
Status In production, in service
The Advanced Medium STOL Transport (AMST) compe-
Primary users United States Air Force tition was held, with Boeing proposing the YC-14, and
Royal Air Force McDonnell Douglas proposing the YC-15.[3] Though both
Royal Australian Air Force
entrants exceeded specified requirements, the AMST
Royal Canadian Air Force
competition was canceled before a winner was selected.
Number built 232 as of June 2011 The Air Force started the C-X program in November 1979
Unit cost US$191 million (2010)[1] to develop a larger AMST with longer range to augment
its strategic airlift.[4]
Developed from McDonnell Douglas YC-15 By 1980, the USAF found itself with a large fleet of
aging C-141 Starlifter cargo aircraft. Compounding mat-
Douglas)
The Boeing (formerly McDonnell Douglas C-17 Globe- ters, USAF needed increased strategic airlift capabilities
master III is a large military transport aircraft. Developed to fulfill its rapid-deployment airlift requirements. The
for the United States Air Force (USAF) from the 1980s to USAF set mission requirements and released a request for
the early 1990s by McDonnell Douglas, the C-17 is used proposals (RFP) for C-X in October 1980. McDonnell Dou-
for rapid strategic airlift of troops and cargo to main op- glas elected to develop a new aircraft based on the YC-15;
erating bases or forward operating bases throughout the Boeing bid an enlarged three-engine version of its AMST
world. It can also perform tactical airlift, medical evac- YC-14. Lockheed submitted two designs, a C-5-based de-
uation and airdrop missions. The C-17 carries the name sign and an enlarged C-141 design. On 28 August 1981,
of two previous, but unrelated piston-engine, U.S. mili- McDonnell Douglas was chosen to build its proposed air-
tary cargo aircraft, the Douglas C-74 Globemaster and the craft, then designated C-17. Compared to the YC-15, the
Douglas C-124 Globemaster II. new aircraft differed in having swept wings, increased
In addition to the U.S. Air Force, the C-17 is operated size, and more powerful engines.[5] This would allow it to
by the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Qatar, United perform the work done by the C-141, and also fulfill some
Arab Emirates and NATO Heavy Airlift Wing. Additional- of the duties of the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy, freeing the C-5
ly, India has approved the purchase of C-17s. fleet for outsize cargo.[5]
Alternate proposals were pursued to fill airlift needs
after the C-X contest. These were lengthening of C-141As
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
into C-141Bs, ordering more C-5s, continued purchases
of KC-10s, and expansion of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet.
Limited budgets reduced program funding, requiring a
delay of four years. During this time contracts were
awarded for preliminary design work and for the com-
pletion of engine certification.[6] In December 1985 a full-
scale development contract was awarded.[7] At this time,
first flight was planned for 1990.[6] The Air Force had
formed a requirement for 210 aircraft.[8]
Development problems and limited funding caused
delays in the late 1980s.[9] Criticisms were made of the
developing aircraft and questions were raised about
more cost-effective alternatives during this time.[10][11] Three C-17s unload supplies to help victims of Hurricane Katri-
In April 1990, Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney reduced na at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, in August 2005.
the order from 210 to 120 aircraft.[12]
The maiden flight of the C-17 took place on 15 has a lower LCN, but the USAF classify both in the same
September 1991 from the McDonnell Douglas’s plant in broad Load Classification Group (LCG). When considering
Long Beach, California, about a year behind sched- runway dimensions and their load ratings, the C-17’s
ule.[13][14] The first aircraft (T-1) and five more produc- worldwide runway advantage over the C-5 shrank from
tion models (P1-P5) participated in extensive flight test- 6,400 to 911 airfields.[25] However, the C-17’s ability to
ing and evaluation at Edwards Air Force Base.[15] Two use lower quality, austere airfields was not consid-
complete airframes were built for static and repeated ered.[25]
load testing.[14] A January 1995 GAO report revealed that while the
original C-17 budget was $41.8 billion for 210 aircraft,
Development difficulties the 120 aircraft already ordered at that point had already
cost $39.5 billion.[26] In March 1994, the U.S. Army had
A static test of the C-17 wing in October 1992 resulted
decided it no longer needed the 60,000 lb (27,000 kg) Low
in the wing failing at 128% of design limit load, which
Altitude Parachute Extraction System (LAPES) delivery
was below the 150% requirement. Both wings buckled
with the C-17, feeling that the 42,000 lb (19,000 kg) capa-
rear to the front and failures occurred in stringers, spars
bility of the C-130 was sufficient; C-17 testing was limit-
and ribs.[16] Some $100 million was spent to redesign the
ed to this lower weight. Issues with airflow prevented the
wing structure; the wing failed at 145% during a second
C-17 from meeting its airdrop requirements. A February
test in September 1993.[17] A careful review of the test
1997 GAO report revealed that a C-17 with a full payload
data however, showed that the wing was not loaded cor-
could not land on 3,000 ft (910 m) wet runways; simula-
rectly and did indeed meet the requirement.[18]
tions suggested 5,000 ft (1,500 m) was required.[27]
The C-17 received the "Globemaster III" name in early
The YC-15 was transferred to AMARC to be made
1993.[5] In late 1993, the Department of Defense gave the
flightworthy again for further flight tests for the C-17
contractor two years to solve production and cost over-
program in March 1997.[28] By the mid-1990s, most of
run problems or face termination of the contract after
the problems had been resolved.[29][30] The first C-17
the delivery of the 40th aircraft.[19] By accepting the 1993
squadron was declared operational by the U.S. Air Force
terms, McDonnell Douglas incurred a loss of nearly
in January 1995.[31] In 1996, DoD ordered another 80 air-
US$1.5 billion on the development phase of the pro-
craft for a total of 120.[32] In 1997 McDonnell Douglas
gram.[15]
merged with its former competitor, Boeing. In April 1999,
In April 1994, the C-17 program remained over bud-
Boeing proposed to cut the price of the C-17 if the Air
get, and did not meet weight, fuel burn, payload and
Force bought 60 more,[33] and in August 2002, the order
range specifications. It also failed several key criteria
was increased to 180 aircraft.[34]
during tests to evaluate its airworthiness.[20][21][22] There
were technical problems with mission software, landing
gear, and so on.[23] In May 1994, a proposal to cut the air-
Continued production
craft’s production to as few as 32 aircraft emerged, but Due to a dwindling order backlog, Boeing will deliver 13
was rescinded.[24] A July 1994 GAO document revealed C-17s in 2011. The company is transitioning to a lower
that Air Force and DoD studies from 1986 and 1991 stated production rate of 10 C-17s per year from a high of 16 per
the C-17 could use 6,400 more runways outside the U.S. year in a bid to extend the production line through 2012
than the C-5; it was later discovered that this study had as it works to sign additional international orders. The
only considered the runway dimensions, but not their C-17 production line was previously slated to be closed
strength or Load Classification Numbers (LCN). The C-5 several times, but was extended due to new orders re-
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
ceived.[35] The C-17 workforce will be reduced by approx-
imately 1,100 through the end of 2012, mostly through
the elimination of a second shift at the C-17 final assem-
bly plant in Long Beach.
There have been 230 production C-17s delivered, in-
cluding 210 to the USAF in April 2011.[36] This does not
include the "T-1" prototype, which is used by the USAF
for testing and development.[37] In January 2010, the
USAF announced that it would end Boeing’s
performance-based logistics contracts to maintain the
aircraft, which was a key source for projected profit C-17 landing, showing its landing gear
growth for the company.[38]
that can be flipped to provide a flat floor suitable for ve-
Design hicles and other rolling stock.
Maximum payload of the C-17 is 170,900 lb
(77,500 kg), and its Maximum Takeoff Weight is
585,000 lb (265,350 kg). With a payload of 160,000 lb
(72,600 kg) and an initial cruise altitude of 28,000 ft (8,500
m), the C-17 has an unrefueled range of about 2,400 nau-
tical miles (4,400 km) on the first 71 aircraft, and 2,800
nautical miles (5,200 km) on all subsequent extended-
range models that include sealed center wing bay as a
fuel tank. Boeing informally calls these aircraft, the C-17
ER.[39] The C-17’s cruise speed is about 450 knots
(833 km/h) (0.76 Mach).[40] The C-17 is designed to air-
drop 102 paratroopers and their equipment. The U.S.
Army BCT Ground Combat Vehicle is to be transported by
82nd Airborne paratroopers seated before an airdrop the C-17.
The C-17 is 174 feet (53 m) long and has a wingspan of
about 170 feet (52 m). It can airlift cargo fairly close to
a battle area. The size and weight of U.S. mechanized
firepower and equipment have grown in recent decades
from increased air mobility requirements, particularly
for large or heavy non-palletized outsize cargo.
The C-17 is powered by four Pratt & Whitney
F117-PW-100 turbofan engines, which are based on the
commercial Pratt and Whitney PW2040 used on the Boe-
ing 757. Each engine is fully reversible and rated at
40,400 lbf (180 kN) of gross thrust. The thrust reversers
direct engine exhaust air upwards and forward, reducing
the chances of foreign object damage by ingestion of run-
way debris, and providing enough reverse thrust to back The cockpit of a C-17 at Andrews Air Show 2011
the aircraft up on the ground while taxiing. The thrust
reversers can also be used in flight at idle-reverse for The C-17 is designed to operate from runways as
added drag in maximum-rate descents. short as 3,500 ft (1,064 m) and as narrow as 90 ft (27 m).
The aircraft requires a crew of three (pilot, copilot, In addition, the C-17 can operate from unpaved, unim-
and loadmaster) for cargo operations. Cargo is loaded proved runways (although with greater chance of dam-
through a large aft ramp that accommodates rolling age to the aircraft).[40] The thrust reversers can be used
stock, such as a 69-ton (63-metric ton) M1 Abrams tank, to back the aircraft and reverse direction on narrow taxi-
other armored vehicles, trucks, and trailers, along with ways using a three- (or more) point turn.[40]
palletized cargo. The cargo compartment is 88 feet (26.82
m) long by 18 feet (5.49 m) wide by 12 feet 4 inches (3.76
m) high. The cargo floor has rollers for palletized cargo
3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
Operational history bility Wing at Travis Air Force Base, California. An ad-
ditional 60 units were ordered in May 2002. In FY 2006,
eight C-17s were delivered to March Joint Air Reserve
United States Air Force Base, California; to be controlled by the Air Force Reserve
The first production model was delivered to Charleston Command (AFRC). In 2007, Congress appropriated funds
Air Force Base, South Carolina on 14 July 1993. The first for 10 additional USAF C-17s, bringing the total planned
squadron of C-17s, the 17th Airlift Squadron, was de- fleet size to 190. Additional aircraft were subsequently
clared operationally ready on 17 January 1995.[41] The assigned to Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, previously
C-17 has broken 22 records for oversized payloads.[42] equipped with Lockheed C-5 Galaxy aircraft.[citation needed]
The C-17 was awarded US aviation’s most prestigious
award, the Collier Trophy in 1994.[43] A report to
Congress detailing operations in Kosovo and Operation
Allied Force noted that "One of the great success sto-
ries...was the performance of the Air Force’s C-17A"[44]
The C-17 flew half of the strategic airlift missions re-
quired in the operation. The aircraft allowed for deliver-
ies via small airfields, greatly assisting the deployment;
and rapid turnaround times allowed for efficient utiliza-
tion.[45]
A USAF C-17 takes off
The Air Force originally programmed to buy a total
of 120 C-17s, with the last one being scheduled for de-
livery in November 2004. The fiscal 2000 budget funded
another 14 aircraft, primarily for Air Mobility Command
(AMC) support of the United States Special Operations
Command (USSOCOM). Basing of the original 120 C-17s
was with the 437th Airlift Wing and 315th Airlift Wing
at Charleston AFB, South Carolina, the 62nd Airlift Wing C-17s from the 517th Airlift Squadron dropping equipment and
and 446th Airlift Wing at McChord Air Force Base, Wash- airborne infantry during joint training in September 2010.
ington (first aircraft arrived in July 1999), the Air Edu-
cation and Training Command’s (AETC) 97th Air Mobil- The C-17 have been, and continue to be, used to de-
ity Wing at Altus AFB, Oklahoma, and the Air Mobility liver military goods and humanitarian aid during Oper-
Command-gained 172nd Airlift Wing of the Mississippi ation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan as well as Oper-
Air National Guard at Jackson-Evers International Air- ation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq. On 26 March 2003, 15 USAF
port/ANGB, Mississippi. Although belonging to the Air C-17s participated in the biggest combat airdrop since
Mobility Command, the C-17s of the 172 AW are con- the United States invasion of Panama in December 1989:
trolled by the Air National Guard (ANG).[citation needed] the night-time airdrop of 1,000 paratroopers from the
Basing of the additional 13 aircraft went to the 305th 173rd Airborne Brigade occurred over Bashur, Iraq. The
Air Mobility Wing and 514th Air Mobility Wing at airdrop of paratroopers were followed by C-17s ferrying
McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey; the 3rd Wing and M1 Abrams, M2 Bradleys, M113s and artillery.[46] USAF
176th Wing at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska; 15th C-17s have also been used to assist allies in their airlift re-
Airlift Wing and 154th Wing at Hickam Air Force Base, quirements, including Canadian vehicles to Afghanistan
Hawaii; and 60th Air Mobility Wing and 349th Air Mo- in 2003 and the deployment of Australian forces during
4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
the Australian-led military deployment to East Timor in C-17 seen as the favorite.[51] In the light of continuing de-
2006. In late 2006, USAF C-17s flew 15 Canadian Leopard lays to the Airbus A400M program, the UK Defence Sec-
C2 tanks from Kyrgyzstan into Kandahar in support of retary, Geoff Hoon, announced in May 2000 that the RAF
the NATO mission in Afghanistan. would lease four C-17s at an annual cost of £100 milli-
on[49] from Boeing for an initial seven years with an op-
tional two year extension. At this point the RAF would
have the option to buy the aircraft or return them to Boe-
ing. The UK committed to upgrading its C-17s inline with
the USAF so that if they were to be returned to Boeing,
the USAF could adopt them.
The first C-17 was delivered to the RAF at Boeing’s
Long Beach facility on 17 May 2001 and flown to RAF
Brize Norton by a crew from No. 99 Squadron which had
previously trained with USAF crews to gain competence
on the type. The RAF’s fourth C-17 was delivered on 24
August 2001. The RAF aircraft were some of the first to
The U.S. Presidential Limousine is transported in a C-17 for take advantage of the new center wing fuel tank found
long distance trips. in Block 13 aircraft. In RAF service, the C-17 has not been
given an official designation (for example,, C-130J re-
A C-17 also accompanies the President of the United ferred to as Hercules C4 or C5), but is referred to simply
States on his visits to both domestic and foreign arrange- as the C-17 or "C-17A Globemaster".
ments, consultations, and meetings. The C-17 is used to
transport the Presidential Limousine and security de-
tachments.[47] There have been several occasions where
a C-17 has been used to transport the President himself,
temporarily gaining the Air Force One callsign while do-
ing so.[48]
There has been debate about follow-on orders for the
C-17, with the Air Force requesting line shutdown, and
members of Congress attempting to reinstate produc-
tion. Furthermore, in FY2007, the Air Force requested
$1.6 billion to deal with what it termed "excessive com-
bat use" on operational airframes.[49] However, in testi-
mony before a House of Representatives subcommittee
on air and land forces, General Arthur Lichte, USAF, the RAF C-17 at RAF Lakenheath, August 2010
Commander of Air Mobility Command indicated the need
to extend production to another 15 aircraft to increase The RAF declared itself delighted with the C-17.
the total to 205. Pending the delivery of the results of two Although the Globemaster fleet was to be a fallback for
studies in 2009, Lichte considered that the Air Force may the A400M, the UK announced on 21 July 2004 that they
have to keep the production line open for purchase of had elected to buy their four C-17s at the end of the
even more C-17s to satisfy airlift requirements.[50] lease, even though the A400M appeared to be moving
closer to production. They also announced there would
Royal Air Force be a follow-on order for one C-17, with possible addition-
Boeing has marketed the C-17 to many European nations al purchases later.[52] While the A400M is described as a
including Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the "strategic" airlifter, the C-17 gives the RAF true strategic
United Kingdom. The Royal Air Force (RAF) has estab- capabilities that it would not wish to lose, for example a
lished an aim of having interoperability and some maximum payload of 169,500 lb (77,000 kg) compared to
weapons and capabilities commonality with the USAF. the A400M’s 82,000 lb (37,000 kg).[49]
The UK’s 1998 Strategic Defence Review identified a re- The Ministry of Defence (MoD) announced on 4 Au-
quirement for a strategic airlifter. The Short-Term gust 2006 that they had ordered an additional C-17 and
Strategic Airlift (STSA) competition commenced in that the four aircraft on lease would be purchased at the
September of that year, however tendering was canceled end of the current contract in 2008. A fifth aircraft was
in August 1999 with some bids identified by ministers as delivered on 22 February 2008 and reported for duty on
too expensive, including the Boeing/BAe C-17 bid, and 7 April 2008 at Brize Norton air base in Oxfordshire.[53]
others unsuitable.[51] The project continued, with the Due to fears that the A400M may suffer further delays,
5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
the MoD announced in 2006 that it planned to acquire
three more C-17s, for a total of eight, with delivery in
2009–2010. On 26 July 2007, Defence Secretary Des
Browne announced that the MoD intended to order a
sixth C-17 to boost operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.[54]
On 3 December 2007, the MoD announced a contract for a
sixth C-17,[55] which was received on 11 June 2008.[56]
On 18 December 2009, Boeing confirmed that the RAF
had ordered a seventh C-17,[57][58] which was delivered
on 16 November 2010.[59] Boeing briefed the MoD in
November 2010 regarding the possible acquisition of an
eighth C-17, but no decision has been made. Production
will be slowing down in order to extend the time before Wing Commander Linda Corbould, commander of No. 36
the C-17 production line has to shut down.[60] Squadron RAAF, training in a USAF C-17
Royal Australian Air Force California on 28 November 2006.[66] Several days later
the aircraft flew from Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu,
Hawaii to Defence Establishment Fairbairn, Canberra, ar-
riving on 4 December 2006. The aircraft was formally
accepted in a ceremony at Fairbairn shortly after arri-
val.[67] The second aircraft was delivered to the RAAF on
11 May 2007 and the third was delivered on 18 Decem-
ber 2007. The fourth Australian C-17 was delivered on 19
January 2008.[68] All the Australian C-17s are operated by
No. 36 Squadron and are based at RAAF Base Amberley in
A RAAF C-17 in Afghanistan, December 2010.
Queensland.[69] The squadron is working towards reach-
ing its full operational capability in mid-2011.[64]
The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) began investigat-
On 18 April 2011, Boeing announced that the Com-
ing options to acquire heavy lift transport aircraft for
monwealth of Australia had signed an agreement with
strategic transport in 2005.[61] In late 2005 the then Min-
the U.S. government to acquire a fifth C-17, and the air-
ister for Defence Robert Hill stated that the Australian
craft was delivered to the RAAF on 14 September
Defence Force was considering such aircraft due to the
2011.[70][71] On 23 September 2011 Australian Minister for
limited availability of strategic airlift aircraft from part-
Defence Materiel Jason Clare announced that the gov-
ner nations and air freight companies. The C-17 was con-
ernment was seeking information from the United States
sidered to be favoured over the A400M as it was a
about the price and delivery schedule for a sixth Globe-
"proven aircraft" and was already in production. One ma-
master.[72] The US DSCA announced that Australia had
jor requirement from the RAAF was the ability to airlift
made an official request for a sixth C-17A.[73]
the Army’s new M1 Abrams main battle tanks; another
Australia’s C-17s have supported ADF operations
requirement was immediate delivery. Though unstated,
around the world. Tasks have included supporting Air
commonality with the USAF and the United Kingdom’s
Combat Group training deployments to the United
RAF was also considered advantageous. The aircraft for
States, transporting Royal Australian Navy Sea Hawk he-
the RAAF were ordered directly from the USAF produc-
licopters and making fortnightly missions to the Middle
tion run, and are identical to American C-17 even in paint
East to supply Australian forces in Iraq and Afghanistan.
scheme, the only difference being the national markings.
The C-17s have also carried humanitarian supplies to
This allowed delivery to commence within nine months
Papua New Guinea during Operation Papua New Guinea
of commitment to the program.[62]
Assist in 2007, supplies and South African Puma heli-
On 2 March 2006, the Australian Government an-
copters to Burma in 2008 following Cyclone Nargis,[74] re-
nounced the purchase of three aircraft and one option
lief supplies to Samoa following the 2009 earthquake, re-
with an entry into service date of 2006.[49] In July 2006
lief supplies around Queensland following the 2010–2011
a fixed price contract was awarded to Boeing to deliver
floods and Cyclone Yasi, and rescue teams and equipment
four C-17s for US$780M (AUD$1bn).[63] Australia also
to New Zealand following the February 2011
signed a US$80.7M contract to join the global ’virtual
Christchurch earthquake, and delivery of equipment for
fleet’ C-17 sustainment program[64] and the RAAF’s C-17s
mitigation of the effects caused by the 2011 Tōhoku
will receive the same upgrades as the USAF’s fleet.[65]
earthquake and tsunami from Western Australia to Ja-
The Royal Australian Air Force took delivery of its
pan.
first C-17 in a ceremony at Boeing’s plant at Long Beach,
6
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
Royal Canadian Air Force support of numerous humanitarian and military missions
worldwide, including Operation Hestia after the earth-
Canada’s air force has had a long-standing need for
quake in Haiti, evacuations of foreign citizens from Libya,
strategic airlift for humanitarian and military operations
providing airlift as part of Operation Mobile as well as on-
around the world.[citation needed] The CF had followed a
going support to the Canadian Forces in Afghanistan.
pattern similar to the Luftwaffe in using rented Antonovs
and Ilyushins for many of their needs, including deploy-
ing the Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) to
NATO (Strategic Airlift Capability Pro-
tsunami-stricken Sri Lanka in 2005. The CF was forced to gram)
rely entirely on leased An-124 Ruslan for a deployment A number of NATO countries signed a letter of intent
to Haiti in 2003.[citation needed] The service has also used a to purchase C-17s on 19 July 2006 at the 2006 Farnbor-
combination of leased Ruslans, Ilyushins and USAF C-17s ough Airshow to participate in the joint purchase and
for moving heavy equipment into Afghanistan. The Cana- operation of C-17s within NATO, a program called the
dian Forces Future Strategic Airlifter Project was initi- NATO Strategic Airlift Capability.[86] A further letter of
ated in 2002 to study alternatives, including long-term intent was announced on 12 September 2006 that includ-
leasing arrangements.[75] ed a few other countries, some of which have since with-
drawn. The present members are Bulgaria, Estonia, Hun-
gary, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Roma-
nia, Slovenia, the United States, as well as two Partner-
ship for Peace countries Finland and Sweden.[86]
The purchase is for two C-17s, and a third which is the
US contribution to the pool, which is manned in the same
fashion as the NATO E-3 AWACS aircraft,[87] where the
AWACS aircraft are jointly manned by crew from NATO
countries. On 14 July 2009, Boeing delivered the first C-17
RCAF CC-177 on approach to CFB Trenton
under NATO’s Strategic Airlift Capability (SAC) program.
The second and third C-17s were delivered in September
On 5 July 2006, the Canadian government issued a no-
and October 2009.[88][89] The aircraft are based at Pápa
tice that it intended to negotiate directly with Boeing for
Air Base, Hungary. The Heavy Airlift Wing is hosted by
the purchase of four airlifters for the Canadian Forces
Hungary, which acts as the flag nation.[90]
Air Command.[76] On 1 February 2007, Canada awarded a
contract for four C-17s with delivery beginning in August
2007.[77] Like Australia, Canada was granted airframes
Other
originally slated for the U.S. Air Force, to accelerate de-
livery.[78]
On 16 June 2007, the first Canadian C-17 rolled off the
assembly line at Long Beach, California and into the paint
hangar for painting and addition of Canadian markings
including the national logo and air force roundel. The
first Canadian C-17 made its initial flight on 23 July.[79]
It was turned over to Canada on 8 August,[80] and par-
ticipated at the Abbotsford International Airshow on 11
August prior to arriving at its new home base at 8 Wing,
CFB Trenton, Ontario on 12 August.[81] Its first operation-
al mission was delivery of disaster relief to Jamaica in
the aftermath of Hurricane Dean.[82] The second C-17 ar- Qatar Emiri Air Force C-17 at Adelaide Airport, January 2011
rived at 8 Wing, CFB Trenton on 18 October 2007. The
last of four aircraft was delivered in April 2008.[83] The In June 2009, the Indian Air Force (IAF) selected the C-17
C-17 is officially designated CC-177 Globemaster III within to fulfill its Very Heavy Lift Transport Aircraft requirement.
the Canadian air service.[84] Canadian Forces Air Com- The C-17 is to replace the Ilyushin Il-76 as the IAF’s
mand was renamed to Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) largest heavy lift transport aircraft in service.[91][92][93]
in August 2011. The aircraft are assigned to RCAF’s 429 In January 2010, the US Government received a request
Squadron based at CFB Trenton. from India for 10 C-17s through the US Government’s
On 14 April 2010, a CF C-17 landed at Canadian Forces Foreign Military Sales program,[94] and was approved by
Station Alert, the world’s most northerly airport. It was US Congress in June 2010.[95] On 23 June 2010, the Indian
Canada’s first operational unpaved runway landing with Air Force successfully test-landed a USAF C-17 at the Gag-
a C-17.[85] Canadian Globemasters have been deployed in
7
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
Supplemental in June 2008.[107][108] These funds extend-
ed production from August 2009 to August 2010. On 6 Fe-
bruary 2009, Boeing was awarded a contract for 15 ad-
ditional aircraft for $2.95 billion, thus increasing C-17s
on contract to the USAF to 205.[109] On 6 April 2009, US
Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced that there
would be no more C-17s ordered beyond the 205
planned.[110] But a month later in May a war funding bill
was put forward with funding for up to eight more air-
craft.[111] On 12 June 2009, the House Armed Services Air
and Land Forces Subcommittee added 17 C-17s to the to-
tal planned level.[112]
In November 2009, 205 C-17s were on contract with
the USAF. A contract for eight C-17s from the supplemen-
tal war funding bill has not yet been awarded. On 18 De-
cember 2009, the US Senate passed the FY 2010 DOD bud-
get with funding for 10 C-17s and was signed into law by
the President the following day. Total USAF C-17s con-
tracted will be 223 once contracts are awarded, extend-
ing production until 2013.
International
In February 2009, the United Arab Emirates signed an
agreement to purchase four C-17 airlifters.[113] In Jan-
uary 2010, UAE signed a contract with Boeing for six
C-17s (four C-17s in 2011, and two in 2012).[114][115]
During the summer 2008 it was reported that South
Korea had allocated funds for the purchase of three or
four C-17-class for use in supporting expeditionary de-
ployments.[116] In September 2010, Kuwait requested the
purchase of one C-17, spare parts and support through
C-17 Globemaster III USAF video the U.S.’s Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program.[117]
In March 2011, Australia’s Minister for Defence
Stephen Smith announced that the nation had sent a Let-
gal Airport, India. This completed the IAF’s C-17 trials.[96]
ter of Request to the United States about the possible
An agreement to purchase 10 aircraft, with an option to
purchase of a fifth C-17.[118] Australia ordered its fifth
purchase six more, was revealed during President Oba-
C-17 through the FMS program on 18 April 2011, due to
ma’s visit to India in November 2010.[97] In February 2011
an increased demand for humanitarian and disaster re-
the IAF and Boeing agreed to terms for order of 10
lief missions.[119] In November 2011 Australia requested
C-17s[98] with an option for six more; the order was ap-
a 6th C-17 through the FMS Program.[73]
proved by the Indian Cabinet Committee on Security on 6
June 2011.[99][100][101] Delivery of the 10 aircraft is to be- Commercial interest
gin in 2013 and end in 2015.[100][102] In June 2011, it was
In the mid-1990s, McDonnell Douglas began to market
reported that the Indian Air Force could buy more C-17s
the C-17 to commercial civilian operators, under the
later.[103] The Indian Air Force plans to base its C-17s at
name MD-17.[120] Due to its high projected fuel, mainte-
Hindon Air Force Station after deliveries in 2013–14.[104]
nance and depreciation cost for a low-cycle military de-
The Qatar Emiri Air Force operates two Boeing C-17s.
sign in commercial service, as well as a limited market
Boeing delivered Qatar’s first C-17 on 11 August 2009 and
dominated by the An-124, very little interest was ex-
the second on 10 September 2009.[105]
pressed. After McDonnell Douglas merged with Boeing,
the commercial version was renamed BC-17.[121] Howev-
Orders and deliveries er, the aircraft received no orders and Boeing stopped of-
fering the BC-17 for sale.
USAF
In 2007, 190 C-17s were on order to the USAF.[106]
Deliveries
Congress provided funding for 15 C-17s in a FY2008 War 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
8
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
1 4 5 8 6 6 7 10 11 13 14 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 14 12
Sources: C-17 Globemaster III Pocket Guide,[122] Boeing
IDS Major Deliveries[123]
Variants
USAF C-17 Globemaster IIIs on a low-level training mission
over the Blue Ridge Mountains in the eastern U.S.
A C-17 creates a visible vortex while using reverse thrust to
push the aircraft backwards on a runway.
• Initial military airlifter version.
• Unofficial name for C-17As with extended range due
to the addition of the center wing tank.[39][124] This
upgrade was incorporated in production beginning
in 2001 with Block 13 aircraft.[124]
• Proposed tactical airlifter version. The design
includes double-slotted flaps, an additional main RAF, RAAF and USAF C-17s and flight crews at RAF Brize Nor-
landing gear on center fuselage, more powerful ton in June 2007
engines and other systems for shorter landing and
take-off distances.[125] Boeing offered the C-17B to
the US military in 2007 for carrying the Army’s
Future Combat Systems (FCS) vehicles and other
equipment.[126]
Operators
A training mission in Jan. 2007 over the Hawaiian Islands
Canada
C-17 Globemaster III Operators • Royal Canadian Air Force, formerly Canadian Forces
Air Command, has 4 C-17ERs[83]
• 429 Transport Squadron, CFB Trenton[130]
Australia India
• Royal Australian Air Force has five C-17ERs in • Indian Air Force has signed an agreement with the
service,[127] with a Foreign Military Sales request for US government to buy 10 C-17s with an option for 6
a sixth.[128] more.[131][132][133][134][135]
• No. 36 Squadron[129]
9
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
United States
• United States Air Force has 203 total (70 C-17, 133
C-17ER) in inventory as of November 2010.[59] 223
funded with 10 remaining on order in June 2010.[142]
• • 3rd Wing • • 349th Air Mobility Wing,
• 517th AFRC
Airlift • 301st Airlift Squadron
Squadron • 412th Test Wing
• 15th Airlift • 418th Flight Test
Wing Squadron
• 535th • 436th Airlift Wing
Airlift • 3rd Airlift Squadron
Squadron • 437th Airlift Wing
• 60th Air • 14th Airlift Squadron
Mobility • 15th Airlift Squadron
Wing • 16th Airlift Squadron
• 21st • 17th Airlift Squadron
Airlift • 445th Airlift Wing, AFRC
Squadron • 89th Airlift Squadron
• 62nd Airlift • 446th Airlift Wing, AFRC
Wing • 97th Airlift Squadron
• 4th • 313th Airlift Squadron
Airlift • 728th Airlift Squadron
A C-17 releases a barrage of flares. The wing-tip vortices can be Squadron • 452nd Air Mobility Wing,
seen in the flare smoke behind the aircraft. • 7th AFRC
Airlift • 729th Airlift Squadron
Squadron • 512th Airlift Wing, AFRC
• 8th • 326th Airlift Squadron
Airlift • 514th Air Mobility Wing,
Squadron AFRC
• 10th • 732nd Airlift
Airlift Squadron
Squadron
• 97th Air
Mobility
Wing
• 58th
Airlift
USAF C-17 transporting a Dutch PzH 2000 self-propelled how- Squadron
itzer to Afghanistan, September 2006 • 154th Wing,
ANG
• 204th
NATO
Airlift
• Heavy Airlift Wing: 3 in service,[136][137] including 1
Squadron
C-17 contributed by the USAF.[138]
• 172nd Airlift
Qatar
Wing, ANG
• Qatari Emiri Air Force has two C-17As in use.[139]
• 183rd
United Arab Emirates
Airlift
• United Arab Emirates Air Force has six C-17As on
Squadron
order;[115] the second was handed over in June
• 176th Wing,
2011.[140][141]
ANG
United Kingdom
• 249th
• Royal Air Force has 7 C-17ERs in service.
Airlift
• No. 99 Squadron, RAF Brize Norton
Squadron
10
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
• 105th Airlift production facility.[148] The five-day flight back to
Wing, ANG the United States had to be performed by a test pilot
• 137th because the temporary repairs caused numerous
Airlift performance limitations.[149] The repair was
Squadron completed at Long Beach in October 2006 and the
• 305th Air aircraft returned to service.
Mobility • On 30 January 2009, a U.S. Air Force C-17 (AF Serial
Wing No. 96-0002 – "Spirit of the Air Force") made a gear-
• 6th up landing at Bagram Air Base.[150][151] The C-17 was
Airlift ferried from Bagram AB, making several stops along
Squadron the way, to Boeing’s plant in Long Beach, California,
• 315th Airlift for extensive repairs to return it to service. The
Wing, AFRC USAF Aircraft Accident Investigation Board
• 300th concluded the incident was caused by the crew’s
Airlift failure to lower the landing gear and having not
Squadron followed the pre-landing checklist.[152]
• 317th • On 28 July 2010, a U.S. Air Force C-17 (AF Serial No.
Airlift 00-0173 – "Spirit of the Aleutians") crashed on
Squadron Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska during a training
• 701st flight, killing all four aboard.[153] It was practicing
Airlift for the 2010 Arctic Thunder Air Show.[154][155] The
Squadron C-17 crashed near a railroad, damaged tracks and
disrupted rail operations.[156] A military
investigative report determined that a stall caused
Accidents and incidents by pilot error led to the crash.[157] This is the first
fatal operational C-17 accident and its first hull-loss
incident.[156]
Specifications (C-17)
Data from USAF fact sheet,[40] Boeing,[158][159] and Aero-
spaceWeb[160]
General characteristics
• 3: 2 pilots, 1 loadmaster
C-17 on the runway at Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan on 31 Jan- • ** 134 troops with palletized seats or
uary 2009 after landing with landing gear retracted. • 102 troops with standard centerline seats or
• 36 litter and 54 ambulatory patients or
• On 10 September 1998, a U.S. Air Force C-17 (AF • Cargo, such as an M1 Abrams tank,[N 1][162] three
Serial No.96-0006) suffered a landing gear failure as it Strykers, or 6 M1117 Armored Security Vehicles
landed in Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland, a 3,800-foot • 170,900 lb (77,519 kg) of cargo distributed at max
(1,200 m) runway, to deliver Keiko the whale. After over 18 463L master pallets or a mix of palletized
receiving temporary repairs, it was flown to another cargo and vehicles
city in Iceland for further repairs.[143][144] The total • 174 ft (53 m)
repair bill topped $1 million. • 169.8 ft (51.75 m)
• On 10 December 2003, a U.S. Air Force C-17 (AF Serial • 55.1 ft (16.8 m)
No. 98-0057) was hit by a surface-to-air missile after • 3,800 ft² (353 m²)
take-off from Baghdad, Iraq. One engine was disabled • 282,500 lb (128,100 kg)
and the aircraft returned for a safe landing.[145] The • 585,000 lb (265,350 kg)
aircraft was repaired and returned to service.[146] • 4 × Pratt & Whitney F117-PW-100 turbofans, 40,440
• On 6 August 2005, a U.S. Air Force C-17 (AF Serial No. lbf (180 kN) each
01-0196) ran off the runway at Bagram Air Base in • 35,546 US gal (134,556 L)
Afghanistan while attempting to land, destroying the Performance
aircraft’s nose and main landing gear. At the time, it • Mach 0.76 (450 knots, 515 mph, 830 km/h)
was the most extensively damaged C-17 to date.[147] • 2,420 nmi[158] (2,785 mi, 4,482 km)
A Boeing recovery team spent two months getting • 45,000 ft (13,716 m)
the aircraft ready to fly back to Boeing’s Long Beach
11
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
• Ilyushin Il-76
• Lockheed C-5 Galaxy
• Lockheed C-141 Starlifter
Related lists
• List of active Canadian military aircraft
• List of active United States military aircraft
• List of active United Kingdom military aircraft
• List of military aircraft of the United States
References
[1] Quote: "The operational weight limit for loading
tracked vehicles across the C-17’s ramp is 130,000
C-17 in an Aeromedical Evacuation configuration lbs. A waiver was granted to allow loading of an M1
Abrams tank weighing up to 135,000 lbs. This
waiver was based on a structural analysis by the
C-17 System Program Office (SPO) and McDonnell
Douglas (now Boeing) that showed the load
distribution of M1 did not detrimentally affect the
ramp."[161]
Citations
[1] "Fa8614-06-d-2006." Department of Defense Website,
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[2] "Air Force Lets Advanced STOL Prototype Work."
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[3] Miles, Marvin. "McDonnell, Boeing to Compete for
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[4] Kennedy 2004, pp. 3–20, 24.
[5] ^ Norton 2001, pp. 12–13.
[6] ^ Norton 2001, pp. 13, 15.
[7] "Douglas Wins $3.4B Pact to Build C-17." Los Angeles
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[8] Kennedy 2004, pp. 70, 81–83.
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combatreform.org.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
[162] Tuttle, William G. T. Jr. "Mobility." Washington, • Norton, Bill. Boeing C-17 Globemaster III (Warbird Tech,
D.C.: Defense Science Board Task Force, Office of the Vol. 30). North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press,
Under Secretary of Defense For Acquisition, Technology, 2001. ISBN 1-58007-040-X.
and Logistics, September 2005.
Bibliography
• Bonny, Danny, Barry Fryer and Martyn Swann.
External links
AMARC MASDC III, The Aerospace Maintenance and
Regeneration Center, Davis-Monthan AFB, AZ, 1997–2005. External images
Surrey, UK: British Aviation Research Group, 2006.
ISBN 978-0-906339-07-7. C-17 Globemaster III Cutaway
• Department of Defense. Kosovo/Operation Allied Force Boeing C-17 Globemaster II Cutaway from
After-Action Report, 31 January 2000. Flightglobal.com
• Gertler, Jeremiah. "Air Force C-17 Aircraft
Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress." • C-17 page on Boeing.com
Congressional Research Service, 22 December 2009. • C-17 USAF fact sheet
• Kennedy, Betty R. Globemaster III: Acquiring the C-17. • C-17 History page on Boeing.com
McConnell AFB, Kansas: Air Mobility Command • C-17 page on GlobalSecurity.org
Office of History, 2004. • C-17 detailed photographs on b-domke.de
• McLaughlin, Andrew. "Big Mover." Canberra: • C-17 interior used for passenger transport
Australian Aviation (Phantom Media), September 2008. • C-17 political support site
• C-17 photos on Airliners.net
• Demo C-17s in India
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Categories:
• Boeing aircraft
• McDonnell Douglas aircraft
• United States military transport aircraft 1990–1999
• Quadjets
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