A nebula, the remains of
stars from previous
generations, are
composed of various
gases including:
•Hydrogen
•Helium
•Lithium
•Other elements
They drift about an area,
the heavier atomic
elements pulling the
lighter elements to them,
forming great clouds
star nurseries—areas
where stars are born.
The star nursery
continues to condense,
pulling in more and
more gases.
The gases begin a pattern of rotation
forming into a disc shape. Across
the disc gases have varying densities
and temperatures, with the hottest
most dense area of gas being in the
center.
The density of the center reaches
a critical mass at which point it
implodes into itself and ignites into
a gigantic reaction of nuclear fusion.
Hydrogen is fused into Helium &
other lighter elements sending
temperatures to 1000’s of
degrees Kelvin.
At the same time, all across the disc,
pockets of gas are condensing into
smaller non-fusion cores.
These smaller planetessimals are
made up of heavier elements
suspended in the planetary disc.
The debris drifts about,
SYSTEM SCHEMATIC
colliding, merging, collecting
•Hydrogen Cloud (sphere)
until it has formed a set of
•Ort Cloud (sphere)
bodies which perpetually
•Solar Halo (sphere)
orbit the solar sphere.
•Planetary disc (plane)
•Solar Center
•Kuiper Belt (near plane)
Comets
Inner
Planets
Habitable
Zone
Outer
Planets
*Kuiper
Belt
Planetary
Orbital
Plane
Solar
Rotational
Axis *Kuiper Belt orbits diverge
from planetary disc
THE PLANETARY PLANE
From The Planetary Disc
The entire solar system is
made from a permutation of Inner Planets
the 88 natural elements of the (Rocky Geomorphic) Mars
periodic table. Earth
2 moons Comet
Venus 1 moon
This includes the basic
building blocks of known life: Mercury
Carbon Asteroid Belt
Hydrogen (Between Mars & Jupiter)
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Jupiter
In addition, water (H2O) is Rings
abundant throughout the 63 moons Saturn
system, although its existence Rings Neptune
48 moons Uranus
in liquid form is restricted to Rings
Rings
13 moons
suitable temperatures. Outer Planets 27 moons
(Gas Giants)
Kuiper Belt
Pluto Quaoar Sedna Xena
2 moons
Askew of
Planetary plane
A typical planet will
build through condensing
and sedimentation of layers UV & Solar rays
of various materials.
Lithosphere, Solid Iron (Fe),
“Crust”, High heat.
Solid High pressure
Plastic, or
Liquid
(depending
upon size of
The planet)
Out
Heavy gases, gasing,
Gas compounds volcanic Liquid Iron (Fe),
High heat,
High pressure
“Out gases” Non-Hydrogen,
emitted by Plastic-Liquid,
condensing “rock-metal”
planetary Elements & compounds
sphere- Light gases
NXn H2, He …
SXn
CXn
Planet formation is not uniform, but it is predictable.
In our solar system there are two major groups of
planets…
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANETS
Closer to the Sun Further from Sun
are warmer and are cooler and
will lose the lighter will retain lighter gases
H2 and He gases of H2 and He.
Planet Out Gasing
Out Gasing Formation
H2 Escapes from Remaining H2 reacts
heat of sun leaving with heavier out gases
behind heavier gases, forming an atmosphere
such as O2, N2, of CH(n), NH(3) & H2O…
CO(n) and NO(n)…
DESIGNATE PLANETS OF SOL SYSTEM
Name Mass Diameter Atmosphere Feature
I Mercury 0.06 4,878 He Caloris basin
N Venus 0.86 12,104 CO2 Maxw Mont’s
N
E Earth 1.00 12,755 N2, O2 Liquid H2O
R Mars 0.11 6,790 CO2 Olym Mons
O Jupiter 318 142,796 H, He Red Storm (s)
U Saturn 95 120,660 H, He Rings
T
E Uranus 14.5 51,118 H, He 98 Axial Tilt
R Neptune 17.2 49,520 H, He Dark Storm
* Pluto, Quaoar, Sedna, & Xena are consider part of the Kuiper Ice belt…
Planet 1 Planet 2 Planet 3 Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
All three planets and the moon have Iron cores,
And surrounding spherical layers of
H2, He, N2, O2, CO, CO2, plus other gases.
As the cores condense, they out gas additional
N2, O2, CO, CO2 plus other gases.
Planet 1 Planet 2 Planet 3 Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
The planetary cores continue to expel N2, O2, The planetary cores
CO, CO2 plus other gases. The O2 combines continue to expel N2, O2,
CO, CO2 plus other gases.
with H2 to form water (H2O and ionized OH). The O2 combines with H2 to
The heat and gravity of the sun cause the inner form water (H2O and
planets to lose their free floating H2 and He. ionized OH). However,
the heat and gravity of the
sun of the outer planets is
not enough free the H2 and
He. They remain in the
atmosphere.
Planet 1 Planet 2 Planet 3 Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
Planet 1 is closest to the solar center. It’s heat
is such that water cannot remain in liquid form.
In addition, OH ions float free from the planet’s
atmosphere breaking the chain that leads to
water. N2, O2, CO, CO2 continue to
accumulate. N2 & O2 react to form NO(n).
Greenhouse gases predominate in the form of
CO2, while the other gases continue to deplete
into space or onto the surface.
Planet 1 Planet 2 Planet 3 Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
Planet three is the furthest of the inner planets
from the solar center. However, its density is
much less than Planets 1 or 2. Again, H2 & He
and OH are lost. Liquid water forms initially, but
cannot be sustained in the atmosphere. CO,
CO2 become the dominant gases.
Planet 1 Planet 2 Planet 3 Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
Planet 2 is between planets 1 & 3. Like the other
two it continues to out gas N2, O2, CO, and CO2
plus other gases. Like Planet 3, the H2 and O2
form water. Planet 2 is more dense than Planet 3
and it retains the OH ions. In addition, unlike the
warmer Planet 1, Planet 2’s water can remain in a
liquid state. Liquid H2O combines with CO & CO2
leaving N2 and O2 to dominate.
Planet 1 Planet 2 Planet 3 Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
Like the three inner planets, the outer Alien Moon
expels N2, O2, CO, CO2 and other gases.
However, it is too cold and too far from the solar
center to free the H2 & He. Instead, alternative
gases of CH4, NH3, H2O and others are formed.
UV rays from the solar center merge the gases
into heavy organic chemical deposits (called Tholins),
which precipitate to the surface. N2 becomes the
dominant gas in the atmosphere.
Planet 1 Planet 2 Planet 3 Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
All four planetary bodies have the potential to bear
life as we have witnessed it on earth. Planets 1, 3
and the Alien Moon could bear Anaerobic life. For
life on these planets, high concentrations of O2
would be toxic. In addition, the lack of liquid H2O
prevents a sustained hydrologic cycle.
Photosynthesis is minimal if at all. Complex
aerobic ecosystems cannot evolve.
Planet 1 Planet 2 Planet 3 Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
The chemical evolution on a planet, which brings
about the atmosphere is highly dependent upon
the proximity of the solar center with its heat and
gravitational pull. These two factors govern how
much H2 of the original planetary disc remains in
the planet body’s immediate surroundings, and in
what state of water can be sustained. The
composition of the atmosphere and the presence
of a hydrologic cycle with liquid water permits
aerobic respiration and complex aerobic
biospheres.
TWO BASIC ECOSYSTEMS
An aerobic ecosystem A theoretical hydrogen based
like that of earth… Anaerobic ecosystem…
Decomposers Decomposers
Consumers
Consumers
Producers
UV + CO2 + H2O = C6 H12 O6 + O2 UV + CH3 = C2 H2
C6 H12 O6 + O2 = Energy + CO2 + H2O C2 H2 + H2 = Energy + CH3
Where C6 H12 O6 is synthesized by Where C2 H2 is synthesized in
photosynthetic plants which are then the atmosphere and precipitates
consumed by other life. out of the atmosphere as Tholin
Planet 1 Planet 2 Planet 3 Alien Moon
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANET
(Moon)
Planet 2 on the other hand has liquid H2O and can
produce aerobic respiration. Aerobic life can
survive. In addition, the presence of liquid H2O, a
Hydrologic cycle, with CO2 gas with solar UV,
permits the synthesis of sugars. Photosynthesis
replaces the O2 used in respiration. A sustainable
ecosystem of producers and consumers can
evolve.
IN SUMMARY
PLANETARY FORMATION
•Nebula condenses forming Protoplanetary Disc
•Protoplanetary Disc has fusionable core
•Temperature & Gravitational fluctuations in the disc form perturbations
•Disc Perturbations condense into nonfusionable cores
•Nonfusionable cores draw disc gases
•The gases condense around the core
•Planetessimals form
•Planetessimals come together via gravity
•Planetessimals aggregate into larger units including
•Asteroids, planetoids & Planetary Discs
•Planetary Discs accrete into planets with rings & moons
•The Discs condense into Geomorphs and Gas Giants
THE EVOLUTIONARY
NUCLEAR EVOLUTION
PROCESSES ENERGY REDUCES
Fragments (dark matter?) OF MATTER
Subatomic particles
Atoms
CHEMICAL EVOLUTION
Elements EVOLUTIONARY
Molecules PROCESS
Molecular Compounds
Inorganic Holons
Organic spreading to
Heterarchies
Prions transcending to
Proteins Hierarchies
Nucleic Acids Evolving to
Replication
Higher Hierarchies
Metabolism
BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION ORGANIZATION
Proto-living (a.k.a. replicating proteins, viruses) INCREASES
Achaeans
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES OF ENERGY
Critical Points
Energy (dark energy?) Energy-Thermodynamics
Fragments
Vibrations
Nuclear Forces
Strong
Weak
Molecular Forces
Ion charge
Heat—Pressure
Physical State
Gravitational Forces Self-Organization
Gravity
Centripetal
A PLANET IS BORN
AND BEGINS ITS OWN
DEVELOPMENT WITHIN
THE CONTINUING, OFTEN
VIOLENT, DEVELOPMENT
OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM,
THE GALAXY AND
THE COSMOS.