1. Tourist typologies (what are they based on, and what is their purpose?)
Tourists’ typologies:
e.g. : Cohen’s four tourist typologies:
organized mass tourism
Individual mass tourism
Explorer
Drifter
This are based on tourists travel patterns and is a way to segment tourists into different
groups.
The purpose of these typologies is to divide the tourists into the different groups in order to
find out what the specific tourist want.
2. Culture in tourism (in what ways do culture play a role in relation to tourism?)
Culture in tourism
culture is a complex size
sustainability
commodity
3. The anthropology of tourism (which role does anthropologists have in tourism?)
Anthropologists’ studies cultures and therefore they have a deep understanding of cultures.
Therefore they can:
report problems
contribute to tourism development
Anthropologists’ play a very important role in tourism as they understand what consequences
intercultural interactions can.
4. Tourism history (what can we learn?)
Industrial / Change in Shift in a mindest / Change of the
economic >>> structure of >>> view of the world >>> purpose / means
development society of traveling
5. Tourism as imperialism (what is referred to?)
Imperialism ref. to the relation of economical dependency etw. hosts & guests
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6. Tourism / work (how might these two be opposed?)
TOURISM = not work, play, away from home
WORK = everyday, not leisure at home
BUT
Working travellers / travelling workers
7. Sacred / profane (what does this distinction entail?)
“FLOW OF TIME”
scared / tourism
different live scared
profane Profane / work /
everyday life
(Durkheim)
8. Push / pull factors (what are they - what’s the difference?)
- inner motivations - outer motivations used in marketing
ex. curiosity ex. destination attractiveness
9. Advocacy / cautionary / adaptancy / knowledge-based platforms (what are they?)
ADVOCACY the advantages should outnumber the disadvantages (50 – 60)
CAUTIONARY Antropological approach. Tourism has a negative impact on the host culture
(60 – 70)
ADAPTANCY BALANCE is necessary. New types of tourist development.
Ex. Ecotourism, soft tourism.
This platform finds that it is not all good, not all bad.
KNOWLEDGE Objectivity.
BASED The goal is to develop a scientific body of knowledge of tourism.
PLATFORMS Holistic approach
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10. Ripple / multiplier effect (what are these referring to?)
Tourism activities create other activities.
11. Demonstration effect (what is this referring to?)
Local population imitate tourists – could result in a cultural change
When 2 cultures inter act the dominant culture over powers the weaker one, resulting in
changes within the weaker one.
12. Adaptation (what is this referring to?)
Cultures adapt new elements of other cultures tourist.
13. Commoditization (what is this referring to?)
“Things and activities are considered as valuable in trade” – by Commoditization in culture,
the meaning disappears. The authenticity becomes a staged performance / a front stage.
14. Modernity (which role does it play in relation to tourism?)
Modern society is seen as inauthentic and the search of authenticity is therefore a motive for
the modern tourist; that is a search for the natural, primitive and yet untouched by modernity.
15. Pseudo-events (what is this referring to?)
As long as tourists are visiting a place / destination, the locals, the operators etc. are aware of
the tourists and are thereby putting up a “façade”. Because of that façade the tourists will
never have a real experience and thereby all tourists experiences actually “pseudo-events”
16. Post-tourist (what characterises this type of tourist?)
They seek their own authentic selves and inter subjective authenticity and the issue of whether
or not the towed objects are authentic is irrelevant.
17. Front/back dichotomy (what is it, and what its purpose is?)
THE FRONT DIHOTOMY is what locals would like to show to tourists.
THE BACK DICHOTOMY is what locals protect / like to keep for them.
18. Staged authenticity (what is this referring to?)
It’s referring to locals giving tourists experiences that they are expecting to see.
That is not necessarily authentic for the locals.
These experiences came from real traditions which have been transformed.
19. Authenticity (general role in tourism?)
That’s what is original, unique and not artificial.
That’s what tourists nowadays are searching / looking for. (Authentic experiences)
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20. Emergent authenticity (what is it?)
Emergent authenticity came form nothing and has been created because of tourists needs.
21. Objective authenticity (what is this referring to?)
Museum linked usage, depends on the experts’ opinion
Concerns the tangible objects the tourist perceives as authentic
22. Constructive authenticity / symbolic authenticity (what is this referring to?)
Personal experience of the toured object, depending on personal background.
The tourist decides for himself whether it’s authentic or not
23. Existential authenticity (what is this referring to?)
Nothing to do with the toured object
State of being activated by tourists by tourist activities
24. Sustainable tourism (what is it?)
To preserve nature, culture, etc.
25. Moralisation of tourism (what is this referring to?)
Bringing morals, ethics, responsibility into tourism
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