KG-Mammals

							                           The mammals of the Alai Valley (PATPT)
                                  Expert Sagymbaev S.

Introduction

       The materials received when analyzing the literature on the fauna of the vertebrates of
Kyrgyzstan have laid the foundation of this report, and also during the field research for the
support of organizing the Pamirs-Alai Transboundary Protected Territory (PATPT) between
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The materials were collected during the expedition trips to the Alai
Valley in period from May, 5 through May 9, 2007, the trips from May 19 through May 27 2007,
from June 4 through July 17, and also from August 17 through August 27 2007.

       Following the results of the work on the transect in the area of the investigation the major
sites were selected for protecting the biodiversity (PATPT).

        The major problem is the study of distribution and number of the mammals (large,
small),the human impact on them, the ecological condition of the endangered species.

        The names of the species in the report are given in the Russian, Latin and English
languages. The various methodical approaches were used in the work. Through the typical
habitats the routes were laid up for establishing and registration of small mammals, the trap-lines
were used; both questioning and interrogation of the local residents were used, especially when
clearing up the status of the big animal (ungulates, carnivorous mammals).

         On the laid routes all the species of mammals were registered, and also the traces of their
life activity (scrapes, traces, feres, urines, holes). The most important moments were taken photo
of. Traps were set for the most exact registration of the small rodents. For the more complete
analysis of the territory under investigation the additional registration was done in each
investigated sector, the number of yurts, tents and domestic animals were registered (sheep,
goats, cows and horses) and sherphards’ dogs. An attempt was made with the help of questioning
to determine the poaching and death of wild animals from the wolves.

                                The mammals of the Alai Valley

1. The Inventory

        The inventory, i.e.. the description of the available literature and data on the territory on
the project (PATPT) between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The mammals of Kyrgyzstan and the
Alay Ridge were described in the monograph “The Mammals of Kirghizia of 1972” The
monograph provides the description of each species, gives comments on the systematics,
description, spreading, habitats, number, mode of life, feeding, breeding, parasites, and also the
practical values, but the data refers to 1972, that is, it is outdated.
        The monographies of the (Lagomorpha) in the Alai Ridge the (Lepus tolai) tolai hare.
The more detailed information in the Alai Valley is available on the red marmot (Marmota
caudata), its habitat, quantity, mode of life.
        According to the monograph in the eastern deserted part of the Alai on the habitation of
the (Dipus sagitta) hairy-footed jerboa, one species of the jerboa was caught near the hole of the
red marmot by Karelin V. G in 1959, the mode of life is not known.

       The (Cricetulus migratorius) migratory hamster in the Alai Valley was described by
N.A.Severtzov in 1879. It attributed it to the Cricetulus migratorius coerulesccus Severtzov
subspecies.
          The (Ellobius talpinus) mole lemming as the subspecies has been insufficiently studied.

          The mountain silvery vole-Alticola argentatus Severtzov on its where abouts in the Alaj
Valley.

       The representatives of the family of the dog - Canidae, the wolf - Canis Lupus.
       The Alaj Ridge is populated by the Canis Lupus Laniger.
       The ermine (Mustela erminea) and weasel (Mustela nivalis) - no data in the monograph
on the Alaj Ridge is available.

       The stone marten - Martes foina Erxleben refers to the Central Asian subspecies М
Intermedie Severtzov, but no biology on the Alaj Ridge is available. The badger - Meles meles
from the Alaj Valley refers to the Fergana Mim Severtzov Heptner (1940).

      The otter-Lutra lutra is in the monography (1972) concerning the habitation of the otter in
Kyrgyzstan, it is noted that as the aboriginal hunters report they were preserved in the rivers of
the Uzgen and Gulchin Areas of the Osh Oblast and also in the book by the authors
G.G.Vorobeva and Yost Van der Ven “On the mammals in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia”,
Bishkek, 2003; it is noted that the otter in Kyrgyzstan as the species has disappeared.

        The snow leopard - Uncia uncia no data on this species is available on the Alaj Ridge.
From the (Artiodactyla) ungulates mammals the wild boar-sus scrofa is noted in June, 1968 On
the discovery in the Alaj Ridge herd of 12 pigs. The Siberian (Capra ibex) ibex - and the (Ovis
ammon) wild sheep are noted in the Alaj Ridge as the usual species.

       The fauna of the mammals in the Alaj Valley, except for publishing “The Mammals of
Kirghizia 1972” monograph on the study of mammals in the Alaj Valley was not available.
Therefore, I believe that the investigation in the Alaj Valley is important. is going on.

2. The Results of the Own Investigations

        Our observations have started on the transect; from the Taldyk Pass at the altitude of
3427 m above sea level N3945011, Е 07303002, where the auto road runs. The observation date
is: 06.05.2007, the time is 15:05. The transect runs from the alpine zone along the road and on
the slopes, the red marmots are marked near the holes. Many inhabited and deserted holes were
marked (see Tables No.1 and No.3), at places the colonial settlements of the eastern (Ellobius)
mole vole. No number of species can be established without special excavations. The next trip to
the Taldyk Pass and the canyon in July showed that the number of domestic animals had
increased: the sheep - 1,5 thousand, horses are - more 100, cows are - 200. The yurts became –
6.
        On the registration of the forestry service the number of the red marmot from the Taldyk
Pass up to the Sary-Tash Village is 300 individuals. Also on the route the shepherds’ dogs were
observed hunting and eating the marmots.
        As a result it is possible to consider that the anthropogenic press on the Taldyk Pass of
the Alaj Ridge is mostly active and has the significant impact on the ecosystem, first of all this is
the cattle overgrazing due to which the natural pastures do not have time to restore the grass and
insemination in time.
        The vegetation from 2500 m above sea level up to 4000 m above sea level is depressed, and
in places of the prolonged staying of cattle or shepherd’s nomad camps the vegetation disappears
leaving the grassless spots. The local residents do not hunt on the marmot, or hunt on it in order
to get a small amount of fat. Therefore, on the whole the number of this species remains stable.
The animals got adapted to live next door to the people, along the road, being afraid of no motor
vehicles.

       The locality is surrounded by the Darat Korgon Village to the east of the Darat Korgon
Village by the Kyzyl-Suu. Near the Kyzyl-Suu tributary is the Altyn Dara.

        The investigation date is: May 7, 2007; the time is: 18:15. At the altitude of 2499 m above
sea level N 3933144, Е 07212764. Near the bridge over the Kyzyl-Suu River there were the traces
of the river otter left, on the edge of the small river the footprints in the soft soil of the pad and tail
sized 6x7 cm were left. The traces were photographed. The traces of the otters marked by us
were photographed, on the broad place near road at the bridge, here the domestic animals come to
drink water and pasture out (see Table 1). The second trace of the otter was marked on May, 8,
2007 on the Kyzyl-Suu River bank at 12:40, also near the route (in 20-30 m distance). The trace of
the pad on the edge of the small river, on the soft soil, of the small otter, the photo is available,
too, and what is interesting is that near the road people were fishing. The next inspection of these
places on July 8, 2007 at 14:00 showed that the places are suitable for the habitat of the otter.
When water (mud flows, heavy showers) starts to arrive in the river, the otter leaves these places
for the quiet pools. The Kyzyl-Suu River, where the otter habitats, for 5 km distance the bed
forms the multiple flow channels, pools, multitudes of springs, along the banks there’s brushwood
of the sea buckorn and willow, in the river bed alongside with the sand spits, thresholds, there are
deep pit, which often choked with the submerged log(s), floating fragments. Except for the fish in
such places there are many birds, small mammals, frogs and aqueous invertebrates. So, such sites
completely suit the otter, which are predominantly the fresh water ponds, but with the transparent
water and rich in fish.

As a result of our investigations it is possible to speak with confidence about the availability of
the otter in the Alaj Valley in the western Kyzyl-Suu River and its tributaries.
The questionnaire data of the local residents of the Darat-Korgon, Kashka-Suu and Sary-Tash
Villages confirm the habitat of the river otter in the Kyzyl-Suu River, but its number is not large.

The data on that the local residents hunt on the otter were not confirmed. When the repeated
observation took place in July the otter was not found in the Kyzyl-Suu River. The water in the
river increased, the big and turbid water and evidently the small animals moved to the places
where the food is in sufficiency and in access, the major factor is the change of sufficiency of the
food resources linked with the fish availability.

       The river otter - Lutra Lutra – kunduz as the rare animal was recorded in the Red Book of
the Kyrgyz Republic.

      The juniper forest ecosystem. This type of the ecosystems is met in the middle of the
mountains of the Alaj Ridge, by sites along the Trans Alaj. We carried out investigations in

       The juniper light forest in the high-water bed in the Iiri-Suu locality to the southwest of
the Darat-Korgon Village opposite the Chayek Village.

       The study date is: 25.05.2007 and the next visitation on 23.05.2007 at the altitude of 3020
m above sea level N 3927302. Е 07204474 the lower point is at the altitude of 2772 m above sea
level N 3928152 Е 07204563.

      In the high-water bed of the Ijri-Suu River the juniper with the birch admixture is
growing (previously the birches in the high-water bed were barbarically cut out, at the present
time the restoration starts from stumps). The Iiri-Suu gorge belongs to the forestry management
and is protected by the forester.

        The registered species of the mammals are as follows: the wolf, the tolai hare, red
marmot, weasels (see Table 2). In the gorge the multifarious are the red marmot and tolai hare,
they are also the indicators of this ecosystem The influence of the anthropogenic factors is
restricted. During the observation time there was one hut on wobbly stilts and some 10 domestic
animals. This region is favorable in the ecological relation. There were the traces of the wolf,
traces of the hare (there are photos of hunting for the tolai hare. The hare is in abundance, there
are its traces and feres everywhere and there are 3 species marked visually. The hare in winter
and early spring eat the thin branches of the willow, birch, some shrubs, and also the ephedra.
The wolf’s traces and excrements were marked (the wolf’s traces are sized: 11 cm x 7 cm) at the
altitude of 2854 m above sea level N3927824 Е 07204535. The hare’s wool was found in the
wolf’s excrements. The marmots are also numerous along the both slopes of the small river and
also in the river bed where the traces of their activity are seen: the digging of the roots of grassy
plants. The route reached the heights where the Shrenk spruces were growing, about 100 trees,
aged 20-25.

        The trip to the southern part of the Kyzyl-Suu River to the Bar Dobo locality for the
purpose of finding the fescue- mat-grass steppes and the Orto-Chukur Lake.
The investigation date is: August 22, 2007, the time: 14:15. The mountainous, pain locality, here
the five lakes with the 1-1,5 km distance between each other are located, their area is 2 to 2,5 ha.
Of the mammals is the red marmot (712 pairs for … sq.km), 2 species were visually observed,
evidently the marmot went into hibernation (see Table 4). There are the traces of the (Ellobius)
mole vole, the throwings out and holes of the (Microtus gregalis) narrow-skulled vole and other
(Myagrum) voles.

        At the altitude of 3354 m. above sea level N 3933633 Е 07311231, the time: 15:32.
On the questionings of shepherds in this locality on August 12, 2007 the wolves ate the domestic
goat - 2 individuals and the donkey - 2 individuals. Probably, in connection with the fact that the
marmots had gone in hibernation, the wolves transferred to the livestock. In the steppe there are
many animals and haymaking is on. There were yaks – 10, cows – 15, rams - 30, horses - 25,
yurts. Despite this, the number of marmots does not decrease. On the lakes there is the
swimming bird, therefore, this peculiar steppe needs protecting.

       The Tulpar Kol high-mountainous lake.

         The investigation date is August 23, 2007 at the altitude of 3519 m. N 3930037 Е
07255838, morning, the time: 8:00,
it is sunny.

        The traps were set in the evening, the small rodents were caught in them: the (Cricetulus
migratorius) migratory hamster and (Myagrum) vole. Next morning we started upwards along
the Achyk-Tash River. Following the route of the mammals: the marmot, stone marten,
(Mustela) erminea. In the mountains the paths of the ibex, according to the questioning data,
there are ibexes and snow leopards on the cliffs (Capra ibex) ibexes and snow leopard in few
quantities (see Table 4). On the shepherds’ information on August 17, 2007 the wolves came
from the side of the Korumdu-Chukur and killed two domestic goats and two colts. This is also
confirmed by the discovered excrements of the fox, which was, obviously, eating the remnants of
the colt.
        The system of the Tulpar Kol mountain Lakes is the place of visitation of tourists, mainly
from abroad, therefore, it is possible to organize the “Tulpar Kol” natural park.
        The Altyn Mazar Locality, the high-mountainous steppe on the Altyn Dara River, the
southern part of the Kyzyl-Suu River. The investigation date: August 25, the time: 7:00. The
route ran at the altitude on the neighboring gorge and up into the mountains. Of the mammals:
the red marmot, wolf, tolai hare, ibex (see Table 4). The marmots went into hibernation; 1-2
individuals were left. The alarming cries of the marmot are occasionally heard. The lonely wolf
tried to hunt on the marmot. Today on August 25, 2007 in the morning at 4 o'clock the wolf tried
to hunt on the neighboring sheepyard, the goat was taken away from it in time. Higher up to the
rocks, where there are the stone slide-rocks, the traces of the ibexes at the drinking place and the
occurrence of the lonely wolf at the altitude of 3827 m. N3920882 E 07218158. At this altitude
of the path of the ibexes, and also its excrement, and here again among the rocks are the holes of
the marmots. Following the questionings of the hunters and shepherd, who graze out here the
sheep, ibexes of nearly 15 species, they are of different age, under the rock. At 13:30 we
followed the other path, along the ridgeline where the wolves are hunting. The marmots’ holes
are 93 on the area of … (see Table 4). The wolf’s excrements were collected (5 pieces). The
tolai-hares were visually observed. They can be observed from the altitude of 2576 m above sea
level. N 3921154 E 0721258. The traces of their life activity were traced down up to the altitude
of 3421 m above sea level. N 3921036 E 0721702, and higher than the tolai hare, there are the
people and shepherds’ dogs there. This zone presents the excellent conditions: multitudes of
holes and a good food base. At this altitude the hares eat cereals... There is the photo.

       There are many domestic animals in this locality: the sheep and goats - 2000 and more,
100
cows, 50 horses and 20 yaks, 10 yurts. The Altyn Mazar gorge is very long, which comes out to
the border with Tajikistan.

       The Alaj Valley, the eastern part of the Kyzyl-Suvostochnaya River, from the Nura
River, the southwest part of the Kyzyl-Suu River part. In the riverheads, there are the Alpine
meadows, higher up are the rocks and eternal snows.

       The investigation date is July 6, 2007 and the next investigations are on August 19, 2007
The initial altitude is 3375 m. above sea level N 3932993 Е 07348137.

        The investigation started on the Kyzyl-Suu high-water bed. Early in the morning there’s
little water in the river, and in the afternoon the water level in the river is doubled. Of the
mammals the following are registered: the red marmot, fox, marten (see Tables 3, 4). There are
many marmots’ holes on the both sides of the Kyzyl-Suu River, the marmots haven’t yet gone in
hibernation. On the route along the river there are the fox’ excrements, on the rocks and on the
damp ground near the river there are the marten’s traces.

       There are 3 yurts, 1500 sheep and goats, 17 cows, 10 yaks in the gorge. Higher up, in the
At Jailoo and Iiri-Suu, on the questioning data of the hunters there dwell around 30 individuals
of the ibex. In winter 2006 at the foot of the rock the snow leopard killed the ibex, and the
hunters took the prey from him

       The gorge on the Kyzyl-Suu River is not protected by the nature protection workers,
therefore, we became the witnesses on July 6, 2007 when investigating this locality.

        The local residents from the Nur Village were firing from the MK-TO3 gun, killed two
marmots. By the efforts of the workers of the forestry service the violators were detained and the
rifle and two marmots confiscated.
      The snow leopard is infrequently met and of the rare birds – the (Columba leuconota)
snow pigeon for nestling and also other various birds.

        The Alaj Valley of the Erkish Tam of the eastern part. On the data of the monograph
«The mammals of Kirghizia» in the eastern deserted part of Alaj there habitats the (Dipus sagitta)
hairy-footed jerboa – dipus sagitta. One individual of the (Dipus sagitta) hairy-footed jerboa was
caught in the 50-s by V.G.Karelin (1959) in eastern part of the Alaj Valley near the marmot’s
hole. This small animal was not found by us, the mode of life is neither known, it remains open
for further investigation.

        The Alaj Valley, Kok-Suu River basin (the eastern part) in the border zone. The ecosystem
is the Alpine meadows.

        The investigation date is: July 6, 2007, the next visitation on August 20-21, 2007. The
altitude is 3564 m above sea level N 3941286 Е 07342902, the time: 6:00.

        The route started in the high-water bed of the Kok-Suu River where its tributary bears
against the slide-rocks and cliffs. The boundary zone, no sheepyards and shepherds on the
territory under investigation. One sheepyard only, evidently, it is used when collecting bricks of
dry dung and hay, it functions in autumn and in winter. The hay making is on here, and the grass
in the high mountains is good. The registered species of the mammals: the common species – the
marmot, wolf, fox, mole-vole, ibex, tolai hare and argali (see Table 3, 4).

       On the route in the rocks the Sibirian goats, traces of the wild sheep and fresh excrements
were met. The photo was taken. The gorge is visited by the shepherds’ dogs from the neighboring
gorge. This day the poachers went hunting for the wild sheep. Although there is the border zone
here and shepherds have hundreds of sheep of their own, they, having seen one ibex or other wild
animal go hunting for it in order to kill it. This is the human avidity.

       The investigation back way lay on the other side of the river on the ridgeline, was started
at 13:40’ it is sunny.

        On the ridgeline the following of the mammals were met: the wolf, marmot. Lots of holes
of the marmot, and there were left the single marmots that have not yet went into hibernation. On
the ridgeline where usually the wolves walk looking for the prey, they had left their excrements
in three places. The excrements were photographed and taken (they consist of the bones and
wool of the marmot).

        The Kun Doloi gorge, on the Ak-Suu River, behind the Kara-Myk Village to the Alpine
zone. The investigation date is: June 9, 2007, the time: 10:15, it is sunny. The initial altitude is
2482 м above sea level N 3931004, Е 07141403. On the small river banks there grow the birches,
everywhere the reserved thick layer of the avalanche on the Ak-Suu River, the cow-parsnip and
giant fennel grow on the slopes, we have reached the Shumkar gorge at the altitude of 3047 m
above sea level. N 3930686, Е 07136040, the Alpine meadows begin here.

        Of the mammals: the marmot, badger, mole vole, ibex. There are many wild animals in the
gorge, but there are very many domestic animals too. We have counted 34 yourts, in each flock
there are on the calculations 150 rams, 10 cows and 5 horses in the gorge. It is easy to calculate
that in the Kun Doloi there are more than 2 thousand domestic animals. Previously the Shumkar
upper gorge was rented by the Tajikistan shepherds, since 2007 these pastures are used by the
Kyrgyz shepherds, but the roads were built towards the pasture with using the bulldozers, which
will cause the quick erosion.
3. The results of the investigations and assessment of the tendency of changes

       In this way, based on the collected material the fauna of the mammals of the Pamirs-Alaj
Transboundary Protected Territory (PATPT) between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan includes about
18 mammals out of 12 genera and 10 families attributed to the three orders of this category of the
vertebrates.

        The major purpose was the study, spreading and number of the mammals, the human impact
on them, the state of the endangered species. The results are given in Tables 1,2,3.4. Despite the
limited period and volume of investigations, we have some idea on the modern state of the fauna
of the mammals of the area.

        The Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica). This individual is the inhabitant of the rocky biotopes,
of the upper zones of mountains. During the carried out investigation works the number of the
ibex, registered on the alpine and sub-alpine meadows on the traces, paths and excrements and by
questioning of the local residents (shepherds and hunters) is singular. In all the inspected gorges
the ibexes are very rare, they leave in the summertime on the rocks and come back only in
winter, it is well seen on their excrements. In the region under investigation on all the high
mountains there previously habituated the wild argali Marco Polo (Ovis ammon poli), who in the
summertime migrated on the territory of China and Tajikistan, the local poachers display the
specific interest towards the wild sheep.

         For al the time of work we marked in the border zone one wild sheep, the Shepherds went
hunting for it right away. If the places of habitat of the wild sheep are not properly protected,
then the wild sheep in the territories under investigation will disappear as the species.
The marmot - Marmota caudada:: the number of the marmot in all the inspected sites is stable
though the extermination of them by the shepherds’ dogs was cancelled. The marmot is met at
the altitude of 2482 m above sea level up to 4 thousand m. above sea level in the rocks where the
the Caucasian goats habituate. The local residents do not hunt for the marmot, if they do get it in
single quantities for getting the fat.

        There’s no hunting for the marmot in the basins of the Kok-Suu and Kyzyl-Suu Rivers,
though its reserves allow hunting for it in some gorges. The marmots can be used as the indicator
of the environmental habitat.

        The wolf - Canis lupus is quite the prospering predator in all the investigated territory,
probably no special measures of regulation of its number are carried out. We noted in all the
investigated territory the traces of its activity, we managed to see the animal and see how it hunts
for the marmot. With the marmots going into hibernation, the wolves transfer on the domestic
livestock. The wolves in the Alaj Valley in the summertime are concentrated in the places of the
distant animal husbandry in the Alpine meadows, with the cooling-down they come downwards
and cause great harm to the livestock.

       The wild boar - Sus scrofa, wild Boar - in the investigated territory is marked in the Berdi-
Suu gorge, being of the two species, in May they were digging up the planted potatoes. It is not
marked in other places, evidently, they do not go up in the alpine zones, they like to populate the
juniper forests and walnut and fruit forests with bushes.

      The tolai hare-Lepus tolai, Tolai Hare - it is met from the lower mountains up to the high
mountains, but is distributed extremely uneven. In some places the tolai hare to be met.
        Normally, the tolai hare likes the deserted and semideserted sites and dry steppes, rare
bushes, ravines, mountain slopes, i.e., where there are shelters, especially of stone and sandy
places, it avoids deep snow.

                         4. The ecological problem in the protection of
                                  mammals in the Alaj Valley

        The investigated region is located at the altitudes of 2700-4000 m above sea level and
higher. The Alaj local residents live at the expense of the domestic animals, i.e. the animal
husbandry. The land cultivation is underdeveloped, nothing is growing, except for potatoes and
barley, the wheat has not time to get ripen.

        By our calculations the keeping of the domestic animals in summer in the Alpine pastures
is very expensive. This is the desire of the people residing in the Alaj Valley.
In each gorge that we visited the number of domestic animals is within 1 500 up to 2000 heads
(goats, sheep, cows and horses)

       There are everywhere the overgrazings, depressed pastures. In the mountainous countries
the indicator of the people’s wellbeing is the animal husbandry, namely the increase of the
animal husbandry, but on the other hand as a result of this the number of the species of the wild
animals, especially the (Artiodactyla) ungulatescloven-hoofed mammals at present are sharply
decreasing. Everywhere we used to come there were the yourts, tents, and dogs.

        In the investigated territory there are everywhere the traces of poaching, in the gorge on
the Kyzyl-Suu River near the Nur Village the hunt for the marmot was on, guns were withdrawn
from the hunters in the area of the Kok-Suu River, in this zone the single wild sheep was
marked, and local residents, Shepherd with guns went hunting for it. It’s precisely the poachers
that show specific interest to this species. Hence, the outcome is this. The biological diversity is
directly linked with the protection of the natural ecosystems, that is, in the Alaj Valley the
ecological balance is violated, therefore, the natural ecosystem is becoming still poorer and less
sustainable.
                                        5. Recommendations

        The locality surrounding the eastern Village of Darat-Korgon on the Kyzyl-Suu river
side, the Altyn Dara River should be kept for the further protecting the otter – Lutra Lutra –
Kunduz as the rare animal recorded in the Red Book of Kyrgyzstan.

        I recommend the further protecting of the otter in places of its habitat, in particular near
the Darat Korgon Village on the Kyzyl-Suu River and the Altyn Darra tributary in the mouth of
the Altyn Dara to create jointly with the local government the local public reserve on the area of
3 ha with its regime for protecting the otter and Kostychev pasqueflower (Pulsatilla), the rare
plant recorded in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic.

        The purpose and tasks of the local public reserve:
-       The propaganda, ideas of preserving the biological diversity (otters, Kostychev
pasqueflower), among the local residents, schoolchildren create the “Green Patrol” and nature-
lovers;
-       To limit the big cattle pasturing, fishing and cutting trees and bushes;
-       To prohibit in the mouth of the Altyn Dara River to collect stones for building house and
fencing;
-       To protect the local public reserve through the social horse-riders from among the local
residents with attracting the schoolchildren’s “Green Patrol” and obligatory handover for the
protection by the local government.

2. The Iiry-Suu locality where the juniper semi-ball-like with the thick birch admixture. There
are many mammals and birds in the gorge. Of the birds there’s the rare bird the (Columba
leuconota) snow pigeon. Therefore, I recommend organizing the forest or zoological reserve
with its regime and with the obligatory handover for the protection by the forestry service.

3 In the locality to the south of the part of the Kyzyl-Suu River Bar Dobo of the fescue-mat-grass
steppe there are many marmots and water birds to organize the public local reserve with its
regime.

To permit: haymaking, pasturing out of cattle and cemetery in the early spring and autumn-
winter periods, except for summer (May, June, July), since it is the period of the wild nature
dissemination.

4. The locality of the Tulpar Kol high-mountainous lake. In the locality the system of the Tulpar
Kol high-mountanous lakes is the place to be visited by tourists, mainly from abroad, therefore I
recommend to organize the “Tulpar Kol” nature park with the regime of the nature park.

5. The locality, the southwestern part of the Nur Village on the Kyzyl-Suu River up into the
mountains. In this area of the mammals there are: the Sibirian goat, snow leopard dwells and as
the rare species is recorded in the Red Book of Kyrgyzstan and also of the rare birds there dwells
the (Columba leuconota) snow pigeon for nestling. I recommend in this gorge to organize the
zoological reserve with the regime of the zoological reserve.

6. In the locality of the basin of the Kok-Suu River (the eastern part of Erkishtam) in the border
zone there’s the ecosystem of the alpine meadow. I recommend that the investigated locality be
in the border zone and it is necessary to agree with the leadership of the border zone to create the
protected territory, that is, to create the differential approach: to organize the zoological reserve
with the regime of the zoological reserve.

7. The Kun Down locality on the Ak-Suu River in the Alpine zone. There are many mammals in
the gorge and also many domestic animals in the summertime, more than 2 thousand cattle, I
recommend the rational use of pastures, the regulation of the number of pasturing animals.

8. The Taldyk Pass up to the Sary-Tash Village the beginning of the transect runs through from
the alpine zone along the road, the number of the marmot is sufficient, but the number of
domestic animals is more than 1500 individuals.
I recommend limiting the pasturing out of the domestic animals.

        The first analysis shows that the wild mammals in the Alaj Village experience the
aftereffects of the anthropogenic impact since the investigated region is cattle-breeding; the local
residents live at the expense of the domestic animals and are actively using the high-
mountainous pastures.

         By the calculations there are catastrophically many domestic animals in some gorges,
there’s observed the overgrazing and, evidently, the number of domestic animals will grow. This
is the desire of the people living in the Alaj Village. The anthropogenic press on the investigated
sites is very strong, as a result of which the big wild mammals suffer mainly, especially starting
from the Taldyk Pass, Sary-Tash, Darat-Korgon, Shire-Suu, Berdi-Suu, Kara-Myk, Achyk
Kayin, Kok-Suu River, Kun Doloi, Tegiz Bai, Kashka-Suu, Kyzyl Molo, Altyn Mazar, Tulpar
Kol.

The Recommendations, general for the transect:
To jointly with the local government, region government to solve the issue of pastures:
1 Attributing the pastures, that is, the interest;
2. The reasonable pastures for cattle, that is, regulation by the seasons;
3. The limitation on the number of cattle in places;
4. The poaching hunting leads to decreasing the number of big mammals, therefore, it is
necessary to strengthen the protection of the animal world in places.