Periodic Table of the Elements
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
H He
1.008 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac Rf Ha Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) (272)
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 (231) 238.0 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)
Diatomic elements: H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2; The most common gases are H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, CO2, SO2, NH3, and NO2;
Precipitate Solubility Rules
1. Most nitrate (NO3-) and (C2H3O2-) salts are soluble.
2. Salts of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and NH4+ are soluble.
3. Most chloride, bromide, iodide salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are Cu +, Ag+, Pb2+, and Hg2+.
4. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are BaSO4, PbSO4, CaSO4 and SrSO4.
5. Most hydroxide compounds are only slightly soluble (not soluble). The soluble hydroxides are Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+.
6. Most sulfide (S2-) are not soluble. Except Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+.
7. All salts containing CO32-, PO43-, AsO43-, CrO42-, IO3- are insoluble, except those containing Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and NH4+.
Names of Polyatomic Ions
Ion Name Ion Name Activity Series
NH4+ Ammonium CO32- Carbonate Li F
NO2- Nitrite HCO3- Hydrogen Carbonate K Cl
NO3- Nitrate (Bicarbonate is a widely Ba Br
SO32- Sulfite used common name) Ca I
SO42- Sulfate ClO- Hypochlorite Na
-
HSO4 Hydrogen Sulfate ClO2- Chlorite Mg
(Bisulfate is a widely ClO3- Chlorate Al
used common name) ClO4- Perchlorate Zn
-
OH Hydroxide C2H3O2- Acetate Fe
CN- Cyanide MnO4- Permanganate Cr
PO43- Phosphate Cr2O72- Dichromate Cd
2-
HPO4 Hydrogen Phosphate CrO42- Chromate Co
H2PO4- Dihydrogen Phosphate O22- Peroxide Ni
Note: Use your knowledge NOTE: Use Roman numerals for all Sn
of electron configuration to transition element ions. Examples: Pb
predict ion charges for most Cu2+ copper (II) H*
elements; Examples: Cu1+ copper (I) Cu
Group I ions 1+ Exceptions (no Roman numerals): Hg
Group II ions 2+ Zn2+ zinc Ag
Group 17 ions 1- Ag1+ silver Pt
Group 16 ions 2- Au
Energy Length Volume Mass Pressure
SI Unit: joule (J) SI Unit: meter (m) SI Unit: cubic meter (m³) SI Unit: kilogram (kg) SI Unit: Pascal (Pa)
1 joule =0.23901 calorie 1 meter =1.0936 yd. 1 liter =10-3 m³ 1 kilogram =1000 grams 1 atmosphere =101.325 kPa
1 calorie =4.184 joules 1 centimeter =0.39370 in. =1 dm³ =2.2046 lbs. (atm.) =760 torr
1 in. (exact) =2.54 cm. =1.0567quarts 1 pound =453.59 g. =760 mm Hg
1 kilometer =0.62137 mi. 1 gallon =4 quarts =0.45359 kg. =14.70 psi
1 mile =5280 feet =8 pints =16 ounces (pounds per
=1.6093 km. =3.7854 liters 1 AMU =1.66056 X square inch)
1 quart =32 fluid ounces (atomic mass 1027 kilogram
=0.94633 liter unit)