Hydraulic Ram Water Pump without electricity and fuel
Author: pratomo
By: Pratomo, SP
Recently there are ads help install clean water and water pumps in East Nusa Tenggara of its
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a leading producer of mineral water. It appears someone hit
the ballast valve to turn the water pump. That is a technological need to login pump water pump
without electricity and fuel. With the more expensive fuel, energy and environmental issues are
increasingly relevant to the pump .
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As per the law of gravity, water always flows from high ground toward a lower place. It seems
impossible that should increase the flow of water from the source or pat ¬ tem towards a higher
level, without the help of electrical energy or fuel oil (BBM).
But if when you visit a tea plantation in West Java Purwakarta-water or cashew plantations in
Singorojo, Kendal, Central Java, you will see how the water flowed from the river in the downstream,
climb up the hills with the difference in heights of up to tens of meters , which is hundreds of
meters, between the pump house to the reservoir
water at the top of the hill. All of that is driven by a pump, pump it great again is not driven
by an electric motor or combustion engine with fuel.
Pump Hydraulic Ram pump is called, is derived from the Hydraulic Ram Pump, water pump
can be defined with a power hit the water. In Indonesia, this pump has actually been around
since the Dutch colonial era, but the lack of care and education makes this pump is not
sustainable. Plus the earlier times are still very much a source of water, the river still flows
smoothly with the discharge of the land still lush with humus, dense forests still not bald, soil
erosion has not been up shallow rivers. But the present situation is the opposite of all that,
making the pump need to login again appear as a solution.
From various sources, Hydraulic Ram pumps there that states originating from France, used
to raise water to the top castles. There is also a source said came from China to irrigate
agricultural land in the hills. The working principle is the use of gravity need to login which
will create the energy of the blow of water that crashed into the other faction to push water to
higher ground. To obtain the potential energy of water hit the main requirement is necessary
there should be a waterfall that flowed through the pipes with different high-elevation-by
pumps need to login at least 1 meter.
The second main requirement is a source of water should discharge kontunyu with a
minimum of 7 liters per minute (Widarto, 2000). The amount of discharge pumping can be
calculated by the formula Q2 = Q1 x H1: H2 x j. Where Q2 is the discharge water being
pumped (liters / minute), Q1 is the discharge of water into the pump (liters / minute), H1 is
the height in meters waterfall, H2 is the height in meters pumping and j is the pump
efficiency of 0.5 -0 , 75. In practice the high ratio obtained high waterfall and water removal
of 1:6, will produce a discharge pump for 1 / 3 of the discharge water entering the pump,
being 2 / 3 discharge water will come out through the exhaust valve after giving a power
blow.
Mechanism of Hydraulic Ram
The working principle of Hydraulic Ram pumps can be seen from the image slices of the
pump can be seen that a key part of the need to login are two valves, namely: the valve
discharge and suction valves. Water coming from waterfall through a pipe, open exhaust
valve ¬ development while the suction valve is closed. Water entering the pump filled the
house pushed upwards to close the exhaust valve. With the closing of the exhaust valves
resulting in the encouragement of water pressure and the suction valve opens and water enters
the tube filled the space above expressions com-vacuum valve. At a certain volume of water
filling the tube optimal compression, the mass of water and compressed air in the tube will
press the suction valve to close the back ¬ bali, at the same time some of the water out
through the pipe B. With the closing of the valve, the flow of water in the pump house to turn
against the flow of incoming water, followed by falling valve ¬ wishful killer because the
direction is no longer the water pressure to the valve discharge pipe, but turned to the input
A. Well, this is a hammer blow-ram-water (water hammer) that occurs, where the water by
gravity flow from the waterfall behind the last hit, 2 / 3 discharge out of the sinkhole, while
the third discharge valve pushed into the tube suction pump as well as encouraging existing
water in the pump tube to exit through the output pipe B. That energy that repeatedly hit the
water to higher ground.
Closed and open the two valves are alternately making a sound "deck-dock", the voice of
"deck" is the closing of the valve vacuum valves that hit the house, while the sound "dock" is
the closing of the valve exhaust valve which also hit home. Until society around often
mentioned as the Hydraulic Ram pump "deck-dock" or pump "jedhok-jedhok".
Besides the two main requirements were, manufacture of pumps need to login to pay
attention to the high ratio of high waterfall and water pumping is 1:5. Each waterfall height
difference of 1 meter will be able to pump water as high as 5 feet from the pump house to the
water tank. So it's not impossible when the height difference of 12 meters waterfall on a tea
plantation able to pump water to a height of more than 50 meters with a distance of more than
500 meters.
The second thing to note is the adjustment of the diameter of the pump with the discharge
water. To optimize the pressure the greater the flow of water, the greater the diameter of the
pump. Here is a table diameter of the pump and the discharge of water:
Some problems that may arise in the operation of pumps Hydraulic Ram, among others:
1. Exhaust valve can not go up or shut down, due to load or discharge valves are too heavy water
that enters the pump less. Can be overcome by reducing the burden or memperdek as exhaust
valve.
2. Exhaust valve does not want to go down, or open, because the load is too light valve, so it can be
overcome by increasing the load valve or exhaust valve extend as.
3. High pumping below the ratio of the formula, ie every 1 meter waterfall can be raised as high as 5
meters. First cause is the occurrence of leakage or not
valve meeting. The second cause of the input pipe diameter ratio greater than the output pipe of
about 1 in 0.5. Can be overcome by checking and repairing valves or reducing the diameter of the
pipe output. The third cause is too much resistance at the output pipe towards baktandon, a number
of pipe bends. So that it does not happen, at the time of installation of the pipe as far as possible
reduced curvature or bend the pipe into the reservoir.
Key operational durability and Hydraulic ram pump is routine maintenance, considering the source
water used to flow on public channels, namely: rivers, irrigation canals or springs. Apart from having
to keep the water flowing free dirty / garbage by making sieves, worn source of public water makes
the water discharge volatile, fluctuating, which can cause the exhaust valve to stop working to open
- close. How to make the exhaust valve is working again with the bat as a way valve with a block of
wood as in advertising CSR clean water supplies had been leading mineral water producer.
Benefits of Hydraulic ram
Benefits of Hydraulic ram of the most significant is the cost to purchase energy efficiency such as
electricity or fuel. Need to login to the functioning of the land that was once not affordable irrigation
can be used for crop cultivation. Can also be used as water supply needs of industry and households,
including drinking water using filtration. Fisheries and livestock will also be greatly helped by the
flow of water. With a little modifying, water flow in the hydraulic ram pump can also drive the
turbine generator function
.
In a more macro level, with more and more need to login pump is operated, can reduce the risk of
flooding. Then, with increasing prevalence of the use of water, the crops in the hills will be easier to
grow, this means the conservation of land and groundwater are also increasingly awake, coupled
with the benefits of reduced landslides and erosion in the hills of the lush perennials.
Analysis of the cost of making 1.5-inch pumps need to login to cost Rp 1.5 million, is for 4-inch pump
will cost Rp 3.5 million. If we have the engineering talent to assemble the pump need to login itself,
but if no workshop will have no trouble meralisasikan lokalpun pumps need to login. Valve materials
used does not need valve factory-made but with little accuracy we can use a rubber inner tube for
the valve, both the exhaust valve or vacuum valve. Material specifications, complete patterns and
ways of making pumps need to login can be found at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Sultan
Agung Semarang, Institute for Community Service University of Gajah Mada (UGM-LPM) and the
Zanzibar Clove Plantation Semarang.
Finally, the development of ideas and appropriate technologies to be very meaningful in the middle
of the energy crisis facing the future of the world. The use of energy that can not be treated as a last
resort as far baharui in meeting the needs in our life activities. (*)
The author is a student of Master Program of Food Technology Unika Sugijapranata and worked as
Executive Secretary, Peasant Torch Foundation.
REFERENCES
Widarto, L. & FX. Sudarto C. Ph. (2000). Appropriate Technology: Making Pumps need to login.
Canisius. Yogyakarta.
Leonardo, El .. (2002). Design and Construction of a Hydraulic Ram Pump.Universitas of Nigeria.
Nigeria.
Crowley, C.A. (August 1937). "Hydraulic rams furnish water supply to country homes". Popular
Mechanics: 306-311.
Crowley, C.A. (September 1937). "Hydraulic rams furnish water supply to country homes". Popular
Mechanics: 437-477.
Toothe v. Bryce, 25 Atlantic Reporter, pp. 182-190.
Iversen, H.W. (June 1975). "An analysis of the hydraulic ram". Journal of Fluids Engineering: 191-196.
Hydraulic Ram: Fixing & Working. Sponges' Workshop Receipts. vol II. London: Spon. 1921. pp. 457-
465