From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pizza
Pizza
part of a series on
Pizza
A pizza just removed from the oven.
Main articles
Pizza The Ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils, herbs
History of pizza · Pizza delivery · Pizzeria and cheese. In Byzantine Greek, the word was spelled
Pizza varieties πίτα or pita, meaning pie. The word has now spread to
California-style pizza · Chicago-style pizza · Detroit- Turkish as pide,[2] Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian as pita,
style pizza · Greek pizza · Hawaiian pizza · Mexican Albanian as pite and Modern Hebrew pittāh.[3] The Ro-
pizza · New Haven-style pizza · New York-style pizza · mans developed placenta, a sheet of dough topped with
pizza al taglio · Sicilian pizza · tomato pie · St. Louis- cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves. Modern
style pizza pizza originated in Italy as the Neapolitan pie with toma-
to. In 1889, cheese was added.[4]
Similar dishes In 1889, during a visit to Naples, Queen Margherita
Deep-fried pizza · pizza bagel · calzone · coca · cong of Italy was served a pizza resembling the colors of the
you bing · farinata · flammkuchen · focaccia · garlic Italian flag, red (tomato), white (mozzarella) and green
fingers · lahmacun · manakish · paratha · pastrmajlija · (basil). This kind of pizza has been named after the Queen
pissaladière · quesadilla · sardenara · sausage bread · as Pizza Margherita.[citation needed]
stromboli
Pizza tools Base and baking methods
Pizza cutter · pizza stone · peel · masonry oven · mez-
zaluna
Events
Long Island Pizza Festival & Bake-Off · World Pizza
Championship
Pizza i/ˈpiːtsə/ (Italian: [ˈpiʦ:a]) is an oven-baked, flat,
disc shaped bread typically topped with a tomato sauce,
cheese and various toppings.
Pizzas in a traditional wood-fired brick oven
Originating in Italy, from the Neapolitan cuisine, the
dish has become popular in many parts of the world.[1]
The bottom of the pizza, called the "crust", may vary
An establishment that makes and sells pizzas is called a
widely according to style—thin as in a typical hand-
"pizzeria". Pizza is one of the national foods of Italy and
tossed pizza or Roman pizza, or thick as in a typical pan
the Italian people.[citation needed]
pizza or Chicago-style pizza. It is traditionally plain, but
may also be seasoned with garlic, or herbs, or stuffed
History with cheese.
In restaurants, pizza can be baked in an oven with
Main article: History of pizza
stone bricks above the heat source, an electric deck oven,
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pizza
Vegetarian pizza typically includes cheese and any toppings
except meat.
a conveyor belt oven or, in the case of more expensive 500 pizzas are proposed in a trattoria in southern Italy
restaurants, a wood- or coal-fired brick oven. On deck
ovens, the pizza can be slid into the oven on a long pad- of both), natural Neapolitan yeast or brewer’s yeast, salt
dle, called a peel, and baked directly on the hot bricks and water. For proper results, strong flour with high pro-
or baked on a screen (a round metal grate, typically alu- tein content (as used for bread-making rather than
minum). When made at home, it can be baked on a pizza cakes) must be used. The dough must be kneaded by hand
stone in a regular oven to reproduce the effect of a brick or with a low-speed mixer. After the rising process, the
oven. Another option is grilled pizza, in which the crust dough must be formed by hand without the help of a
is baked directly on a barbecue grill. Greek pizza, like rolling pin or other machine, and may be no more than
Chicago-style pizza, is baked in a pan rather than directly 3 millimetres (0.12 in) thick. The pizza must be baked for
on the bricks of the pizza oven. 60–90 seconds in a 485 °C (905 °F) stone oven with an
oak-wood fire.[7] When cooked, it should be crispy, ten-
der and fragrant. There are three official variants: piz-
Pizza types marinara,
za marinara which is made with tomato, garlic, oregano
Margherita,
and extra virgin olive oil, pizza Margherita made with
tomato, sliced mozzarella, basil and extra-virgin olive oil,
and pizza Margherita extra made with tomato, mozzarel-
la from Campania in fillets, basil and extra virgin olive
oil. The pizza napoletana is a Traditional Speciality Guar-
anteed (Specialità Tradizionale Garantita, STG) product in
Europe.[8][9]
Pizza al taglio in Rome
Neapolitan pizza (pizza napoletana): Authentic Neapolitan
napoletana)
pizzas are typically made with tomatoes and Mozzarella
cheese. They can be made with ingredients like San
Marzano tomatoes, which grow on the volcanic plains to
the south of Mount Vesuvius, and mozzarella di bufala A homemade version of a pizza cooked on a pizza pan.
Campana, made with the milk from water buffalo raised
in the marshlands of Campania and Lazio in a semi-wild style:
Lazio style Pizza in Lazio (Rome), as well as in many
state (this mozzarella is protected with its own European other parts of Italy, is available in two different styles.
protected designation of origin).[5] Take-away shops sell pizza rustica or pizza al taglio. This
According to the rules proposed by the Associazione pizza is cooked in long, rectangular baking pans and rela-
Vera Pizza Napoletana,[6] the genuine Neapolitan pizza tively thick (1–2 cm). The pizza is often cooked in an elec-
dough consists of wheat flour (type 0 or 00, or a mixture tric oven. It is usually cut with scissors or a knife and sold
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pizza
by weight. In pizzerias, pizza is served in a dish in its tra- fast fare).[11] Pizzas with seafood such as prawns are also
ditional round shape. It has a thin, crisp base quite differ- popular. In the 1980s some Australian pizza shops and
ent from the thicker and softer Neapolitan style base. It is restaurants began selling "gourmet pizzas", that is, piz-
usually cooked in a wood-fired oven, giving the pizza its zas with more expensive ingredients such as salmon, dill,
unique flavor and texture. In Rome, a pizza napoletana is bocconcini, tiger prawns, or unconventional toppings
topped with tomato, mozzarella, anchovies and oil (thus, such as kangaroo, emu and crocodile. "Wood-fired piz-
what in Naples is called pizza romana, in Rome is called zas", that is, those cooked in a ceramic oven heated by
pizza napoletana). wood fuel, are well-regarded.
Other types of Lazio-style pizza include:
• : tomato, mozzarella, anchovies, oregano, oil In Brazil
• : tomato, mozzarella, German sausage, oregano, oil São Paulo has 6,000 pizza establishments and 1.4 million
• : mozzarella, tomato, mushrooms, artichokes, cooked pizzas are consumed daily.[12] It is said that the first
ham, olives, oil Brazilian pizzas were baked in the Brás district of São
• ("four cheese pizza"): tomatoes, and the cheeses Paulo in the early part of the 20th century. Until the
mozzarella, stracchino, fontina, and gorgonzola. 1950s, they were only found in the Italian communities.
Sometimes ricotta is swapped for one of the last Since then, pizza became increasingly popular among the
three. rest of the population. The most traditional pizzerias are
• In Rome, the term pizza bianca refers to a type of still found in the Italian neighborhoods, such as Bexiga
bread topped with olive oil, salt and, occasionally, (official name: Bela Vista). Both Neapolitan (thick crust)
rosemary sprigs. It is also a Roman style to add figs and Roman (thin crust) varieties are common in Brazil,
to the pizza, the result being known as pizza e fichi with both traditional versions with tomato sauce and
• ("Grandma pizza") consists of a thin layer of dough is mozzarella as a base, as well as sweet, using banana,
stretched into an oiled, square "Sicilian" pan, topped chocolate or pineapple toppings being offered at the end
sparingly with shredded mozzarella, crushed of meal like a dessert. Brazilian pizzerias offer also
uncooked canned tomatoes, chopped garlic and olive "brazilian" version like "pizza com catupiri" (cheese). Ju-
oil, and baked until the top bubbles and the bottom ly 10 is "Pizza Day" in São Paulo, marking the final day of
is crisp.[10] an annual competition among "pizzaiolos". In Brazil, piz-
Pizza is available frozen. Ways have been developed to za quatro queijos (pizza quattro formaggi) uses mozzarella,
overcome challenges such as preventing the sauce from provolone, parmesan and gorgonzola, and there is also a
combining with the dough and producing a crust that can variety with five cheeses, which adds catupiry.
be frozen and reheated without becoming rigid. Modi-
fied corn starch is commonly used as a moisture barrier In Malaysia
between the sauce and crust. Traditionally the dough is
partially baked and other ingredients are also sometimes
precooked. There are frozen pizzas with raw ingredients
and self-rising crusts. A form of uncooked pizza is avail-
able from take and bake pizzerias. This pizza is created
fresh using raw ingredients, then sold to customers to
bake in their own ovens and microwaves.
Pizza around the world
In the 20th century, pizza has become a globally acces-
sible dish mainly due to Italian immigrants that have
brought their dishes to new people with resounding suc-
cess and many times in racially and culturally resistive
environments. A Pizza restaurant at Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia.
In Australia Many of western Pizza restaurants have been localized,
The usual Italian varieties are available, though more such as invention of Tom Yom Pizza, Hot and Spicy and
common is the style popular in America, with more and so on. The major pizza restaurants in Malaysia are Domi-
richer topping than Italian style. A common unique type no’s, Pizza Hut, Papa John’s, Jom Pizza, and Sure Pizza.
Aussie,
is the Aussie Australian or Australiana which has the
usual tomato sauce base and mozzarella cheese with ba-
con and egg (seen as quintessentially Australian break-
3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pizza
In India as Domino’s, Pizza Hut, and Papa John’s Pizza compete
against domestic brands such as Mr. Pizza and Pizza
Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas. With
Etang, offering traditional as well as local varieties which
the arrival of branded pizza such as Domino’s and Pizza
may include toppings such as bulgogi and dak galbi.
Hut in early to mid-1990s, it has reached almost all major
Korean-style pizza tends to be complicated, and often
cities in India by 2010.[citation needed] There are some do-
has nontraditional toppings such as corn, potato wedges,
mestic pizza brands such as Smokin’ Joes[13] and Pop-
sweet potato, shrimp, or crab. The super-deluxe "Grand
Tates.
Prix" at Mr. Pizza has Cajun shrimp, bell peppers, olives,
Pizza outlets serve pizzas with several Indian-style
and mushrooms on one side, and potato wedges, bacon,
toppings like Tandoori Chicken and Paneer. Along with
crushed tortilla chips, and sour cream on the other side.
Indian variations, more conventional pizzas are also eat-
Its potato mousse-filled cookie dough crust is sprinkled
en. Pizzas available in India range from localized basic
with sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, and raisins, and
variants available in neighborhood bakeries to gourmet
can be dipped in a blueberry sauce that is provided.
pizzas with exotic and imported ingredients available at
Traditional Italian-style thin-crust pizza is served in
specialty Italian restaurants.
the many Italian restaurants in Seoul and other major
cities. North Korea’s first pizzeria opened in its capital
In Israel Pyongyang in 2009.[17]
In Nepal
Pizza is becoming more popular as a fast food in the ur-
ban areas of Nepal, particularly in the capital city, Kath-
mandu. There are a number of restaurants that serve piz-
zas in Kathmandu. With the opening of a number of in-
ternational pizza brands, the popularity as well as con-
sumption has markedly increased in recent times.
In Pakistan
The first pizzerias opened up in Karachi and Islamabad
in the late 1980s, with Pappasallis serving pizza in Is-
lamabad since 1990. Pizza has gained a measure of pop-
ularity in the eastern regions of Pakistan—namely, the
provinces of Sindh, Punjab, and Azad Kashmir, as well
as the autonomous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan. Pizza has
not penetrated into western Pakistan; of the remaining
provinces and territories of Pakistan, only one (Khyber
Pizza with corn and za’atar in Kfar Saba, Israel.
Pakhtunkhwa) has seen much of the dish, in the form of
a single Pizza Hut in Peshawar.[18] In the regions where
Many Israeli and American pizza stores and chains, in-
pizza is known, spicy chicken and sausage-based pizzas
cluding Pizza Hut and Sbarro, have both kosher and non-
are very popular, as they cater to the local palate.
kosher locations.[14] Kosher locations either have no
meat or use imitation meat because of the Jewish reli-
gious dietary prohibition against mixing meat and dairy
In the United States
products, such as cheese. Kosher pizza locations must al- Main article: Pizza in the United States
so close during the holiday of Passover, when no bread Due to the wide influence of Italian and Greek immi-
products other than matza are allowed in kosher loca- grants in American culture, the US has developed region-
tions.[15] Some Israeli pizza differs from pizza in other al forms of pizza, some bearing only a casual resemblance
countries because of the very large portions of vegetable to the Italian original. Chicago has its own style of a deep-
toppings such as mushrooms or onions, and some un- dish pizza, Detroit also has its unique twice-baked style,
usual toppings, like corn or labane (strained yogurt), and with cheese all the way to the crust, whereas New York
middle-Eastern spices, such as za’atar. Like most foods in City has developed its own distinct variety of thin crust
Israel, pizza choices reflect multiple cultures. pizza.
In Korea In Sweden
Pizza is a popular snack food in South Korea, especially Pizza arrived in Sweden with Italian guest workers and
among younger people.[16] Major American brands such became popular around 1970. Swedish pizza is mainly of
4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pizza
bread is very thin; the layer of meat often includes
chopped vegetables.
• ma’ujnāt)
The Levantine Manakish (Arabic: ma’ujnāt and Sfiha
bi’ajīn; pizza)
(Arabic: laḥm bi’ajīn also Arab pizza are dishes
similar to pizza.
• The Provençal Pissaladière is similar to an Italian
pizza, with a slightly thicker crust and a topping of
cooked onions, anchovies, and olives.
• Calzone and stromboli are similar dishes (calzone is
traditionally half-moon-shaped, while a stromboli is
Cooked from frozen pizza topped with cheese and tomato sauce tube-shaped) that are often made of pizza dough
rolled or folded around a filling.
• Garlic fingers is an Atlantic Canadian dish, similar to
the Neapolitan type and most pizzerias in Sweden have
a pizza in shape and size, and made with similar
pizzas Margherita, Capricciosa and Quattro Stagioni at
dough. It is garnished with melted butter, garlic,
the top of the menu, although with slightly altered
cheese, and sometimes bacon.
recipes. For example, a Swedish Margherita uses Swedish
hard cheese instead of mozzarella and dried oregano in-
stead of fresh basil and a Swedish Capricciosa uses only Italian and European law
tomato, cheese, mushrooms and ham.
In Italy, there is a bill before Parliament to safeguard
One of the most popular types of pizza in Sweden
the traditional Italian pizza,[23] specifying permissible in-
is kebab-pizza, with doner kebab as the main topping.
gredients and methods of processing[24] (e.g., excluding
The typical side order with Swedish pizza is a pizza salad
frozen pizzas). Only pizzas which followed these guide-
made with shredded cabbage and sometimes red pepper
lines could be called "traditional Italian pizzas" in Italy.
that’s been slightly pickled in vinaigrette for a few days.
On 9 December 2009, the European Union, upon Ital-
In general, swedish pizzerias are private enterprises
ian request, granted Traditional Speciality Guaranteed
and not franchise. Of international restaurant chains on-
(TSG) safeguard to traditional Neapolitan pizza, in par-
ly Pizza Hut is well established, although Vapiano has
ticular to "Margherita" and "Marinara".[25] The European
three restaurants in Stockholm and Domino’s have been
Union enacted a protected designation of origin system
trying to establish in southern Sweden since 2008.[19]
in the 1990s.
In Japan
American Pizza chains entered Japan in the 1970s (e.g. Health issues
Shakey’s Pizza and Pizza Hut 1973, Domino’s pizza in Pizza can be high in salt, fat and calories. There are con-
1985). The most popular Japanese pizza chain is Pizza cerns about negative health effects.[26] Food chains, such
La. The most popular pizza chain promoting Italian style as Pizza Hut, have come under criticism for the high salt
artisanal pizza is Salvatore Cuomo. The Italian associ- content of some of their meals, which were found to con-
ation Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana has an in- tain more than twice the daily recommended amount of
dependent branch in Japan. Local types of pizza have salt for an adult.[27]
been made, for instance mochi pizza (crust made with Ja- European nutrition research on the eating habits of
panese mochi cakes).[20][21] people with cancer of the mouth, oesophagus, throat or
colon showed those who ate pizza at least once a week
Similar dishes had less chance of developing cancer. Dr Silvano Gallus,
of the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmaceutical Research
• "Farinata" or "cecina".[22] A Ligurian (farinata) and in Milan, attributed it to lycopene, an antioxidant chem-
Tuscan (cecina) regional dish made from chickpea ical in tomatoes, which is thought to offer some protec-
flour, water, salt and olive oil. Also called Socca in the tion against cancer.[28] Carlo La Vecchia, a Milan-based
Provence region of France. Often baked in a brick epidemiologist said, "Pizza could simply be indicative of
oven, and typically weighed and sold by the slice. a lifestyle and food habits, in other words the Italian
Flammkuchen)
• The Alsatian Tarte flambée (German: Flammkuchen version of a Mediterranean diet." A traditional Mediter-
is a thin disc of dough covered in crème fraîche, ranean diet is rich in olive oil, fiber, vegetables, fruit,
onions, and bacon. flour, and freshly cooked food. In contrast to the tradi-
• The Anatolian Lahmacun (Arabic: laḥm bi’ajīnbi’ajīn; tional Italian pizza used in the research, popular pizza
lahmajoun;
Armenian: lahmajoun also Armenian pizza or varieties in many parts of the world are often loaded with
pizza)
Turkish pizza is a meat-topped dough round. The high fat cheeses and fatty meats, a high intake of which
can contribute to obesity, itself a risk factor for cancer.
5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pizza
Records [8] Naples pizza makers celebrate EU trademark status, BBC
News, 4 February 2010, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/
• The largest pizza was at the Norwood Pick ’n Pay hi/europe/8499611.stm
hypermarket in Johannesburg, South Africa. [9] "Publication of an application pursuant to Article
According to the Guinness Book of Records the pizza 8(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 509/2006 on
was 37.4 meters (122 feet 8 inches) in diameter and agricultural products and foodstuffs as traditional
was made using 500 kg of flour, 800 kg of cheese and specialties guaranteed – Pizza napoletana (2008/C
900 kg of tomato puree. This was accomplished on 40/08)", OJEU, 14 February 2009, http://eur-
December 8, 1990.[29] lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/
• The most expensive pizza was made by the LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:040:0017:0025:EN:PDF
restaurateur Domenico Crolla, and included toppings [10] http://slice.seriouseats.com/archives/2008/09/
such as sunblush-tomato sauce, Scottish smoked what-is-grandma-pizza-erica-marcus-explains-
salmon, medallions of venison, edible gold, lobster once-more.html
marinated in the finest cognac and champagne- [11] "Additions to the Australian lexicographical
soaked caviar. The pizza was auctioned for charity, record". http://andc.anu.edu.au/australian-words/
raising £2,150.[30] lambert-additions-corrections/first.
[12] "Capital da pizza, sabores para todos / 2007-07-10
See also 00:18:29 - 163164531 / Gazeta Mercantil".
Indexet.gazetamercantil.com.br.
• List of pizzerias http://indexet.gazetamercantil.com.br/arquivo/
• Pizza farm 2007/07/10/330/Capital-da-pizza,-sabores-para-
• Pizza saver todos.html. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
[13] [1]
References [14] Restaurants in Israel.
[15] Pizza Hut revamps to survive.
[1] Hanna Miller "American Pie," American Heritage, [16] http://www.media.asia/searcharticle/2009_04/
April/May 2006. Pizza-Hut-taps-Rain-to-win-back-Korean-market-
[2] Linda Civitello (2007). Cuisine and culture: a history of share/35280
food and people (Paperback ed.). Wiley. p. 98. [17] "First North Korean pizzeria opens". BBC News.
ISBN 0471741728. http://books.google.com/ 2009-03-16. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-
books?id=MBRBjBTEBHYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=history+of+cuisine#v=snippet&q=pita&f=false.
pacific/7945816.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
[3] Via the Judaeo-Spanish pita. Though the Hebrew [18] "Foreign food franchises. (Pakistan) | Franchises
word pittāh is spelled like the Aramaic pittəṭā/pittā, from". AllBusiness.com.
which is related to Levantine Arabic fatteh, they are http://www.allbusiness.com/food-beverage/
not connected historically. Oxford English restaurants-food-service-restaurants-fast/
Dictionary, 3rd edition, April 2009 s.v. ’pita’ 8006760-1.html. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
[4] "American Pie". American Heritage. April/May 2006. [19] "Dominos.se (Swedish)". http://www.dominos.se/.
http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/ Retrieved 2011-07-10.
magazine/ah/2006/2/2006_2_30.shtml. Retrieved [20] Ceccarini R. (2010) Food Workers as Individual
2009-07-04. "Cheese, the crowning ingredient, was Agents of Culinary Globalization: Pizza and Pizza
not added until 1889, when the Royal Palace Chefs in Japan. Sophia University, Tokyo.
commissioned the Neapolitan pizzaiolo Raffaele http://icc.fla.sophia.ac.jp/
Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting global%20food%20papers/pdf/3_3_CECCARINI.pdf
Queen Margherita. Of the three contenders he [21] Ceccarini R. (2011) Pizza and Pizza Chefs in Japan: A
created, the Queen strongly preferred a pie Case of Culinary Globalization. Brill Publishers,
swathed in the colors of the Italian flag: red Netherlands. http://www.brill.nl/pizza-and-pizza-
(tomato), green (basil), and white (mozzarella)." chefs-japan-case-culinary-globalization
[5] "Selezione geografica". Europa.eu.int. 2009-02-23. [22] "Brick Oven Cecina". Fornobravo.com.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/qual/it/ http://fornobravo.com/brick_oven_cooking/
147_it.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-02. brick_oven_recipes/flatbread/cecina.html.
[6] Associazione Vera Pizza Napoletana Retrieved 2009-04-02.
[7] "Vera Pizza Napoletana Specification | Verace Pizza [23] "Bill for traditional Italian pizza". Senato.it.
Napoletana". Fornobravo.com. 2004-05-24. http://www.senato.it/japp/bgt/showdoc/
http://www.fornobravo.com/ showText?tipodoc=Ddlpres&leg=13&id=00007353&offset=4504&len
vera_pizza_napoletana/VPN_spec.html. Retrieved Retrieved 2009-04-02.
2009-04-02.
6
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pizza
[24] "Permissible ingredients and methods of [27] "Health | Fast food salt levels "shocking"". BBC
processing". Senato.it. http://www.senato.it/leg/ News. 2007-10-18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/
13/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/testi/13214_testi.htm. health/7050585.stm. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
Retrieved 2009-04-02. [28] "Mario Negri - Istituto di Ricerche
[25] EU grants Neapolitan pizza Traditional Specialty Farmacologiche". Marionegri.it. 1963-02-01.
Guaranteed label, Pizza Marketplace http://www.marionegri.it/mn/en/index.html.
[26] "Food Standards Agency - Survey of pizzas". Retrieved 2009-04-02.
Food.gov.uk. 2004-07-08. http://www.food.gov.uk/ [29] "Mama Lena’s pizza "One" for the book... of
science/surveillance/fsis2004branch/fsis5804. records". Pittsburghlive.com.
Retrieved 2009-04-02. http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/
s_434064.html. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
[30] Chef cooks £2,000 Valentine pizza, BBC News.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pizza&oldid=468258209"
Categories:
• Pizzerias
• Pizza
• Italian cuisine
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• Mediterranean cuisine
• World cuisine
• Italian inventions
• Flatbreads
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