From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Parotitis
Parotitis
Parotitis Mikulicz disease: Antiquated name for any enlarge-
ment of the parotid gland that was not tuberculosis,
Classification and external resources leukemia, or some other identifiable disease.
ICD-10
ICD- B26 Lymphoepithelial lesion of Godwin: Most frequently as-
sociated with a circumscribed tumor with the histologic
ICD-
ICD-9 072.9, 527.2
features of Sjögren syndrome. This designation has also
fallen out of favour.
Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid
glands, the major salivary glands located on either side
of the face, in humans. The parotid gland is the salivary
Blockage
gland most commonly affected by inflammation. Blockage of the main parotid duct, or one of its branches,
is often a primary cause of acute parotitis, with further
inflammation secondary to bacterial superinfection. The
Causes blockage may be from a salivary stone, a mucous plug, or,
more rarely, by a tumor, usually benign. Salivary stones,
Infectious parotitis also called salivary duct calculus, are mainly made of cal-
Acute bacterial parotitis: is most often caused by a bacterial cium, but do not indicate any kind of calcium disorder.[2]
infection of Staphylococcus aureus but may be caused by Stones may be diagnosed via X-ray (with a success rate of
any commensal bacteria.[1] about 80%[2]), a computed tomography (CT) scan or Med-
Parotitis as Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: The mycobac- ical ultrasonography. Stones may be removed by manip-
terium that cause tuberculosis can also cause parotid in- ulation in the doctor’s office, or, in the worst cases, by
fection. Those infected tend to have enlarged, nontender, surgery. Lithotripsy, also known as "shock wave" treat-
but moderately painful glands. The diagnosis is made by ment, is best known for its use breaking up kidney stones.
typical chest radiograph findings, cultures, or histologic Lithotripsy can now be used on salivary stones as well.
diagnosis after the gland has been removed. When diag- Ultrasound waves break up the stones, and the fragments
nosed and treated with antitubercular medications, the flush out of the salivary duct.[2]
gland may return to normal in 1–3 months[1].
Acute viral parotitis (mumps): The most common viral Diseases of uncertain etiology
cause of parotitis is mumps. Routine vaccinations have Chronic nonspecific parotitis: This term is generally used for
dropped the incidence of mumps to a very low level. patients in whom no definite etiology is found. Episodes
Mumps resolves on its own in about ten days. may last for several days, paralleling the time course of a
HIV parotitis: Generalized lymphadenopathy has long bacterial or viral illness. Others may experience episodes
been associated with HIV, but the localized enlargement that last only a few hours from onset to resolution. Some
of the parotid gland is less well known[citation needed]. episodes may last for several weeks. Quiescent periods
between episodes last for hours, days, or even years.[1]
Autoimmune causes Recurrent parotitis of childhood: An uncommon syn-
These are also collectively known as chronic punctate drome in which recurring episodes clinically resembling
parotitis or chronic autoimmune parotitis. mumps. Generally, episodes begin by age 5 years, and
Sjögren’s syndrome: Chronic inflammation of the sali- virtually all patients become asymptomatic by age 10–15
vary glands may also be an autoimmune disease known years. The duration of attacks averages 3–7 days but may
as Sjögren’s syndrome. The disease most commonly ap- last 2–3 weeks in some individuals. The spectrum varies
pears in people aged 40–60 years, but it may affect small from mild and infrequent attacks to episodes so frequent
children. In Sjögren syndrome, the prevalence of paroti- that they prevent regular school attendance. Local heat
tis in women versus men is approximately 9:1. The in- applied to the gland, massaging the gland from back to
volved parotid gland is enlarged and tender at times. The front, and taking penicillin usually cure individual
cause is unknown. The syndrome is often characterized episodes. Treatment of individual infections may prevent
by excessive dryness in the eyes, mouth, nose, vagina, injury to the gland parenchyma. Severe disease may be
and skin.[1] treated by parotidectomy.[1]
Sialadenosis (sialosis): In this disorder, both parotid
glands may be diffusely enlarged with only modest symp-
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Parotitis
toms. Patients are aged 20–60 years at onset, and the sex- thiouracil, isoproterenol, heavy metals, sulfisoxazole,
es are equally involved. The glands are soft and non-ten- and phenothiazines cause parotid swelling.
der. Approximately half of the patients have endocrine
disorders such as diabetes, nutritional disorders such as
pellagra or kwashiorkor, or have taken drugs such as
Notes
guanethidine, thioridazine, or isoprenaline. [1] ^ [1] Templer JW , MD, Professor of Otolaryngology,
Sarcoidosis: The lungs, skin, and lymph nodes are most University of Missouri Medical Center at Columbia.
often affected, but the salivary glands are involved in Parotitis: Overview, Accessed 03/04/2009
approximately 10% of cases. Bilateral firm, smooth, and [2] ^ Salivary Gland Stones (Salivary Calculi) Accessed
non-tender parotid enlargement is classic. Xerostomia March 20, 2008.
occasionally occurs. The Heerfordt-Waldenstrom syn-
drome consists of sarcoidosis with parotid enlargement,
fever, anterior uveitis, and facial nerve palsy.[1]
References
Pneumoparotitis: Air within the ducts of the parotid • Brook I. Acute bacterial suppurative parotitis:
gland with or without inflammation. The duct orifice microbiology and management. [Journal Article]
normally functions as a valve to prevent air from enter- Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 14(1):37-40, 2003.
ing the gland from a pressurized oral cavity. Rarely, an • Mandel L. Surattanont F. Bilateral parotid swelling: a
incompetent valve allows insufflation of air into the duct review. [Review] [160 refs] [Journal Article. Review]
system. Pneumoparotitis most commonly occurs in wind Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral
instrument players, glass blowers, and scuba divers.[1] Radiology & Endodontics. 93(3):221-37, 2002.
Several lymph nodes reside within the parotid gland
as a superficial and deep group of nodes. These nodes External links
may be involved with any process that affects lymph
nodes, including bacterial, fungal, viral, and neoplastic • eMedicine
processes. Rarely, drugs such as iodides, phenylbutazone, • Parotitis Patients’ Forum
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parotitis&oldid=441986392"
Categories:
• Oral pathology
• Inflammations
• Gross pathology
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