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HVAC, 2nd Edition — Green and Global
January 1, 2010
The U.S. HVAC market grew 41% in heating systems and 45% in air conditioners from
1997 through 2006. This period of growth hit a wall, however, with the housing and
credit market collapse of 2007 and the historic rise in unemployment. From 2006 to
2007 heating system installations dropped 24% and air conditioners saw a similar
decline of 23%. As the housing market starts to pick up again, the credit crisis subsides
and unemployment figures begin to drop, economic conditions will once again lead to
increased growth in the industry. The green HVAC market should benefit in particular
from federal and state support of more energy efficient homes and buildings.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, “the average home spends about $1,900
annually on energy bills. Heating and cooling accounts for as much as half of a home’s
energy use.” The DOE estimates that home owners can reduce their energy bills by up
to 20% merely by replacing furnaces, boilers, central air conditioners and heat pumps
with more efficient models. Electric Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) and Geothermal
Heat Pumps (GHPs) offer some of the most efficient heating and cooling methods
available today.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 offers tax credits that home-
owners can take advantage of when purchasing new, more energy efficient, higher-
SEER HVAC equipment. “Consumers who purchase and install specific products, such
as energy-efficient windows, insulation, doors, roofs, and heating and cooling
equipment in existing homes can receive a tax credit for 30% of the cost, up to $1,500,
for improvements "placed in service" starting January 1, 2009, through December 31,
2010.” Consumers can also receive a 30% tax credit for geothermal heat pumps placed
in service before December 31, 2016.
Another development that will have an impact on the growth of the HVAC industry is the
phasing out of ozone-depleting used as refrigerants in older air conditioners. Having
already phased out the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) like R-11 and R-12 by 1995,
the United States will now begin phasing out the use of the R-22
hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerant as of January 1, 2010. According to the
EPA, "chemical manufacturers may still produce R-22 to service existing equipment, but
not for use in new equipment.” In other words, while the existing stores of R-22
refrigerant can be used for existing equipment, new equipment will be required to use
the alternative R-410A refrigerant instead. That will mean new business for installers
and HVAC equipment manufacturers.
Further support for more efficient HVAC equipment comes from the DOE’s Builder
Challenge, which supports the construction of cost-effective, net-zero homes throughout
the United States. The Building Technology Program’s Builder’s Challenge was
developed by the Department of Energy with the goal of offering “affordable net-zero
energy homes by 2020 and net-zero energy commercial buildings by 2025.” The
Department of Energy claims that homes that have already been built with the BTP’s
Building America best practices “can use 40 percent less energy than comparable new
homes.” The ultimate goal of the program is to offer homebuyers the choice of buying a
“cost-neutral, net-zero energy home (NZEH) anywhere in the United States” by 2030.
Report Methodology
The information in HVAC in the U.S., 2nd Edition — Green and Global is based on data
from the U.S. Department of Commerce, the Department of Energy, the U.S.
International Trade Commission and the Census Bureau, along with information from
trade associations such as the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), business journals, company literature and
websites, and research services such as Simmons Market Research Bureau.
What You’ll Get in This Report
HVAC in the U.S., 2nd Edition — Green and Global, makes important predictions and
recommendations regarding the future of this market, and pinpoints ways current and
prospective players can capitalize on current trends and spearhead new ones. No other
market research report provides both the comprehensive analysis and extensive data
that HVAC in the U.S., 2nd Edition — Green and Global offers. Plus, you’ll benefit from
extensive data, presented in easy-to-read and practical charts, tables and graphs.
How You’ll Benefit from This Report
If your company is already doing business in the HVAC market, or is considering
making the leap, you will find this report invaluable, as it provides a comprehensive
package of information and insight not offered in any other single source. You will gain a
thorough understanding of the current market for manufactured housing, as well as
projected markets and trends through 2014.
This report will help:
Marketing managers identify market opportunities and develop targeted
promotion plans for new, more efficient residential and commercial HVAC
equipment.
Research and development professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives
and explore demand for high efficiency HVAC equipment.
Advertising agencies working with clients in the banking and retail industries
understand the product buyer to develop messages and images that compel
consumers to buy HVAC systems.
Business development executives understand the dynamics of the market and
identify possible partnerships.
Information and research center librarians provide market researchers, brand
and product managers and other colleagues with the vital information they need
to do their jobs more effectively.
Additional Information
Market Insights: A Selection From The Report
Green Technology Driving the HVAC Market
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, “the average home spends about $1,900
annually on energy bills. Heating and cooling accounts for as much as half of a home’s
energy use.” Home owners can reduce their energy bills by up to 20% merely by
replacing furnaces, boilers, central air conditioners and heat pumps with more efficient
models. Electric Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) and Geothermal Heat Pumps
(GHPs) offer some of the most efficient heating and cooling methods available today.
While the upfront costs for these types of systems can be higher than conventional
heating and cooling equipment, heat pumps can have higher Heating and Season
Performance Factor (HSPF) ratings than conventional systems and use less energy to
heat and cool a home. “ASHPs, often used in moderate climates, use the difference
between outdoor and indoor air temperatures to cool and heat your home,” while GHPs
cool and heat a home by “by using stable temperature conditions in the ground.” GHPs
can also be used for energy-efficient water heating.
Recent developments in HVAC technology are offering plausible solutions for energy
and environment conservation. These technological innovations not only help to reduce
operating costs, but increase productivity and provide state-of-the-art comfort while
being both user-and eco-friendly. Some of these novel technologies include: geo-
thermal pumps, under floor air distribution systems, building-integrated photovoltaic
systems, and ductless air conditioners.
Not only is the market driven by product innovation, but technological innovation is also
appearing in product components such as compressors, inverters, heat sinks, and
refrigerants. Double scroll compressors that provide greater efficiency, versatile inverter
technologies that work for high and low-supply voltages, smart computer-controlled
cooling fans, and refrigerants such as R410a with low ozone depletion potential are just
some of the technological innovations that manufacturers are incorporating into their
products.
In the News
Green HVAC Gains in Energy-Efficient Geothermal Installations
New York, January 21, 2010 - Following a decade of historic double-digit growth, the
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) market in the United States began a
descent in 2007 parallel to housing, credit, and employment collapses.
However, the industry is expected to see growth again as tax credits from the American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) help more consumers buy new and existing
homes and update existing systems, according to HVAC, 2nd Edition — Green and
Global, the latest report from leading energy market research firm SBI Energy. The
green HVAC market should benefit in particular from federal and state support of more
energy efficient homes and buildings.
International manufacturers of HVAC devices seek to capitalize on the impending uptick
in the market by designing high-efficiency equipment for sale in the U.S. that exceed the
13 SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) minimum standard that was established
by the Department of Energy (DOE) in January 2006. Such equipment would qualify for
the higher standards required to receive the tax credits available through the ARRA.
“We project that the market supply of U.S. HVAC shipments should grow at a CAGR
(compound annual growth rate) of 4% to reach $14 billion by 2014,” says Shelley Carr,
publisher of SBI Energy. “Growth will be driven primarily by the residential and non-
residential construction markets. In addition, tax credits, new HVAC innovations, global
expansion, and renewed investment in the replacement sector will revitalize the
market.”
Recent developments in HVAC technologies have been primarily driven by plausible
solutions to a global energy shortage and an impending sense of environmental
emergency. Focus has also been on reducing operation costs, as well as increasing
productivity and state-of-the-art comfort, leading to expedient and cutting-edge
technology. New technologies, such as geothermal heat pumps, under-floor air
distribution, and building integrated photovoltaic systems hold the key to future HVAC
product developments.
Thanks to the ARRA, homeowners can receive tax credits of up to 30% of the total cost
of the installation of a geothermal HVAC system for geothermal heat pumps placed in
service before December 31, 2016. The DOE estimates that around 35,000
geothermal/ground-source heat pumps were installed in 2007, despite relatively high
initial costs compared to standard heat pumps. By 2009, the number of
geothermal/ground-source heat pump installations had reached an average of 90,264
per year.
According to the DOE, the average home spends about $1,900 annually on energy bills.
Heating and cooling accounts for as much as half of a home’s energy use. The DOE
estimates that homeowners can reduce their energy bills by up to 20% merely by
replacing furnaces, boilers, central air conditioners and heat pumps with more efficient
models.
HVAC, 2nd Edition — Green and Global examines the effects of the global recession
on investment in commercial and residential HVAC installations. It features imports and
exports of HVAC equipment from 2004-2009 and forecasts 2010-2014 as well as
industry trends and opportunities and the incentives being offered for more efficient
commercial and non-commercial (residential) buildings throughout the United States.
About SBI Energy
SBI Energy (Specialists in Business Information), a division of
MarketResearch.com, publishes research reports in the industrial, energy,
building/construction, and automotive/transportation markets. SBI Energy also offers a
full range of custom research services.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
Introduction
Scope of Study
Methodology
Product Definition and Classification
HVAC Equipment Market Slows After Decade of Growth
Market for HVAC Equipment Before the Recession
Figure 1-1: Number of Air Conditioners and Heating Systems in Households,
1997-2008 (in millions)
HVAC Market Changes after the Recession Started
Figure 1-2: U.S. Market Supply of HVAC Equipment by Shipment and Import-
Export Values, 2004-2008 (in million $)
Category Growth
Unitary Air Conditioners and Ground Source Heat Pumps Gain in Value
Green HVAC Makes its Mark
Table 1-1: U.S. Shipment Values of HVAC Equipment by Category and Segment,
2004-2008 (in million $)
Exports
Table 1-2: Value of U.S. Exports by Country (in thousands $)
Major Export Markets
Figure 1-3: U.S. Exports of HVAC Equipment, by Country, 2008
HVAC Equipment Exports in Value
Table 1-3: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, Less than 2.93 kW-hr, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 1-4: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, 2.93 KW-HR or Greater but less than 4.98 KW-HR, 2004-2009 (in
thousand $)
Table 1-5: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, Less Than 2.93 kW-hr (10000 Btu/Hr), 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 1-6: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, 2.93 KW-hr or Greater But Less Than 4.98 kW-hr (10000-
16999btu/Hr), 2004-2008 (In Thousands)
Market Supply Projection and Outlook
Figure 1-4: U.S. Projected Market for HVAC Equipment Shipments, 2009-2014
(in billion $)
Table 1-7: Projected U.S. Shipments for HVAC Equipment, by Category, 2009-
2014 (in billion $)
Competitive Profiles
Trane Builds LEED Silver Certified Office Building in San Antonio
Ingersoll Rand Executive Shares Trane’s Environmental Practices at FMA’s
Progressive Energy and Environmental Congress
Carrier’s New Products
Johnson Controls sponsors inaugural Energy Efficiency Hall of Fame
Marketing Dynamics
Market Flooded with a Host of New Products
Table 1-8: Sample of New Product Introductions by Major HVAC Manufacturers,
2007-2008
Marketing Moves Beyond 13 SEER
Taco Adds 60,000sq ft LEED-Certified Warehouse
Trane goes “On the Road with Lou”
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE)
Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), formerly
Airconditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI)
Industry and Market Trends
A New Energy for the HVAC Industry
Why 13 SEER for Residential Equipment
Figure 1-5: Residential and Commercial Energy Consumption in the U.S., 2004-
2008
The Phasing out of R-22 Refrigerants
Table 1-9: EPA Timetable for the Hydrochlorofluorocarbon Phase-out by 2030
The Phasing in of R-410A Refrigerants
Table 1-10: Manufacturers and their brands names for R-410A
HVAC for Leadership in Energy Efficiency and Design (LEED) Buildings
Table 1-11: Leadership in Energy Efficiency and Design (LEED) Points
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Means Tax Credits
Table 1-12: Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Efficiency Ratings
Table 1-13: Federal Tax Credits for HVAC Equipment for Homeowners, 2009
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) - A Growing Market
Measures to Improve Indoor Air Quality in Homes
The Impact of the IAQ Trend on the HVAC Market
IAQ Standards: AINSI/ASHRAE Standards 62-200 and 55-2004
Rising Prices Heat Up HVAC Market
Figure 1-6: Producer Price Index of Sheet Metal used Air Conditioning Ducts and
Stove Pipes, 2004-2009
Figure 1-7: Producer Price Indices for Sheet Metal Used in Roof Ventilators,
Louvers, & Dampers for HVAC, 2004-2009
Figure 1-8: Producer Price Indices for Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc Mining,
2004-2008
Figure 1-9: Producer Price Indices for Air Conditioning & Heat Transfer
Equipment, 2004-2008
Figure 1-10: Producer Price Indices for Air Conditioning & Heat Transfer
Equipment, January-September 2009
Unprecedented Increase in Cost of Raw Materials
Figure 1-11: Producer Price Index for Cold Rolled Steel Sheet & Strip, Copper &
Copper Base Alloy Pipe & Tube, and Aluminum Sheet and Strip, 2004-2008
The Future of HVAC Technology
Geothermal HVAC Systems
Underfloor Air Distribution Systems
End User
Builders Challenge and Net-Zero Homes
The E-Scale, an Easy Measure of a Home’s Energy Efficiency
Air Conditioner Use in American Households
Figure 1-12: Percentage of U.S. Households Owning Air Conditioning Units
Figure 1-13: U.S. Residential Energy Consumption, 2004-2008 (in trillion Btu)
Figure 1-14: U.S. Residential Energy Consumption, First Half of 2009 (in trillion
Btu)
Decreased Construction Leads to Fewer HVAC Installations
Table 1-14: Residential HVAC System Utilization (in thousand housing units)
Figure 1-15: U.S. Total Residential Construction, January-June, 2009 (in million
$)
Consumption Characteristics of Residential Buildings
Figure 1-16: Residential Building Primary Electric Energy Breakdown, 2005 (%)
Figure 1-17: Type of Air Conditioning Equipment Used by U.S. Households, 2005
Single-Family Detached Homes Use the Most Energy
Table 1-15: U.S. Residential Energy Consumption According to Housing Type (in
million Btu)
The Commercial Building Initiative and EnergyPlus Software
Figure 1-18: Percentage of U.S. Commercial Buildings With Cooling Systems(s),
1999, 2003, 2007 (E)
Figure 1-19: Percentage of U.S. Commercial Buildings with Heating Systems(s),
1999, 2003, 2007 (E)
Chapter 2: The Imports Market
Scope of the Report
Methodology
Product Definition and Classification
HVAC Equipment Market Slows After Decade of Growth
Market for HVAC Equipment Before the Recession
Figure 2-1: Number of Air Conditioners and Heating Systems in Households,
1997-2008 (in millions)
Table 2-1: U.S. Market Value of HVAC Equipment, 2004-2008 (in million $)
HVAC Market Changes after the Recession Started
Figure 2-2: U.S. Market Supply of HVAC Equipment by Shipment and Import-
Export Values, 2004-2008 (in million $)
Category Growth
Unitary Air Conditioners and Ground Source Heat Pumps Gain in Value
Green HVAC Makes its Mark
The Split System Solution
Heat Transfer Equipment Post Modest Gains in Value but Not in Volume
Room Air Conditioners and Dehumidifiers Declining in Value and Volume
Non-Electric Furnace Shipments Drop, Alternative Fuel Furnaces Climb
Table 2-2: U.S. Shipment Values of HVAC Equipment by Category and Segment,
2004-2008 (in million $)
Table 2-3: U.S. Shipments of HVAC Equipment by Category and Segment 2004-
2008 (in number of units)
Imports
Major Sources of Imports
Figure 2-3: Value of U.S. Imports of HVAC Equipment by Country, 2008
HVAC Equipment Imports in Value
Window or Wall Type Air Conditioners
Table 2-4: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, Less than 2.93 KW per Hour, 2004-2009 (in Thousand $)
Table 2-5: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, 2.93 KW-HR or Greater But Less than 4.98KW-HR, 2004-2009 (in
thousand $)
Table 2-6: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, 4.98 KW-HR or Greater, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-7: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioning Machines, Window or Wall Type, Not
Self-Contained, NESOI, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-8: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling Cycle, Self Contained, Not Exceeding
17.58 KW-HR, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-9: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioning Machines Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heating Cycle,
Window or Wall Type 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-10: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heat Cycle, Self-Contained, Exceeding
17.58 KW-HR, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-11: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heat Cycle, except Self-Contained,
NESOI, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-12: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Self-Contained Machines, and
Remote Condenser Type, Other than Year-Round Units, Not Exceeding 17.58
KW-HR, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-13: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Self-Contained Machines, and
Remote Condenser Type, Other than Year-Round Units, Exceeding 17.58 KW-
HR, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-14: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Year-Round Units (Heating and
Cooling) not Exceeding 17.58 KW-HR, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-15: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioners, Year-Round Units (Heating and
Cooling) Exceeding 17.58 KW-HR, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 2-16: U.S. Imports of Dehumidifiers Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit,
Water Removal Capacity Less than 35 Liters over a 24 Hour Period, 2004-2009
(in Thousand $)
Table 2-17: U.S. Imports of Dehumidifiers Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
Water Removal Capacity of 35 Liters and More over a 24 Hour Period, 2004-
2009 (in Thousand $)
Table 2-18: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioning Machines Not Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, NESOI, 2004-2009 (in Thousand $)
Table 2-19: U.S. Imports of Air Humidifiers or Dehumidifiers, Not Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, 2004-2009 (in Thousand $)
HVAC Equipment Imports in Units
Table 2-20: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, Less Than 2.93 Kw per Hour (10000 Btu/Hr), 2004-2009 (In
Thousands)
Table 2-21: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, 2.93 KW-hr or Greater But Less Than 4.98kW-hr (10000-16999
Btu/Hr), 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-22: U.S. Imports of Dehumidifiers Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit,
Water Removal Capacity Less Than 35 Liters over a 24 Hour Period, 2004-2009
(In Thousands)
Table 2-23: U.S. Imports of Dehumidifiers Incorporating A Refrigerating Unit,
Water Removal Capacity of 35 Liters and More Over a 24 Hour Period, 2004-
2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-24: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Incorporating A Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve For Reversal of The Cooling/Heat Cycle, Self-Contain, Not
Exceeding 17.58 KW-hr, NESOI, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-25: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Incorporating A Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve For Reversal of the Cooling/Heat Cycle, Self-Contained, Exceeding
17.58kW-hr, NESOI, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-26: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heat Cycle, Except Self-Contained,
NESOI, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-27: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, 4.98 KW-hr or Greater (17000 Btu/Hr), 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-28: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioning Machines Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, and a Valve for Reversal of The Cooling/Heat Cycle, Window
Or Wall Types, 2002-2005 (In Thousands)
Table 2-29: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioning Machines, Window or Wall Type,
Not Self-contained, NESOI, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-30: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Self-Contained Machines and
Remote Condenser Type, Other Than Year-Round Units, Not Exceeding 17.58
KW-hr (60000 Btu/Hr), NESOI, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-31: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Self-Contained Machines and
Remote Condenser Type, Other Than Year-Round Units, Exceeding 17.58 KW-
hr (60000 Btu/Hr), NESOI, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-32: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Year-Round Units (Heating and
Cooling) Not Exceeding 17.58 KW-hr (60000 Btu/Hr), NESOI, 2004-2009 (In
Thousands)
Table 2-33: U.S. Imports of Air-Conditioners, Year-Round Units (Heating and
Cooling) Exceeding 17.58 KW-hr (60000 Btu/Hr), NESOI, 2004-2009 (In
Thousands)
Table 2-34: U.S. Imports of Air Conditioning Machines Not Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, NESOI, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 2-35: U.S. Imports of Air Humidifiers or Dehumidifiers, Not Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Factors Influencing the Market
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
Residential Tax Credits for Efficient HVAC Equipment
Table 2-36: Consortium of Energy Efficiency’s Highest Efficiency Tiers Effective
January 1, 2009
ARRA Commercial and Business Incentives for Efficient HVAC Systems
13 SEER Not High Enough for Tax Credits
Residential Construction Plummets, Nonresidential Construction Remains
Constant
Figure 2-4: U.S. Total Monthly Value of Construction, July 2008 - July 2009 (in
billion $)
Home Remodeling Will Add to Growth Contributed by Construction
Green Technology Driving the HVAC Market
HVAC Market Under the Weather
Chapter 3: The Export Market
Methodology
Product Definition and Classification
HVAC Market Changes after the Recession Started
Figure 3-1: U.S. Market Supply of HVAC Equipment, by Shipment and Import-
Export Values, 2004-2008 (in million $)
Category Growth
Unitary Air Conditioners and Ground Source Heat Pumps Gain in Value
Green HVAC Makes its Mark
The Split System Solution
Heat Transfer Equipment Posted Modest Gains in Value but Not in Volume .107
Room Air Conditioners and Dehumidifiers Declining in Value and Volume
Non-Electric Furnace Shipments Drop, While Alternative Fuel Furnaces Climb
Table 3-1: U.S. Shipment Values of HVAC Equipment by Category and Segment,
2004-2008 (in million $)
Table 3-2: U.S. Shipments of HVAC Equipment by Category and Segment, 2004-
2008 (in number of units)
Exports
Table 3-3: Value of U.S. Exports by Country (in thousands $)
Major Export Markets
Figure 3-2: U.S. Exports of HVAC Equipment, by Country, 2008
HVAC Equipment Exports in Value
Table 3-4: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, Less than 2.93 kW-hr, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-5: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, 2.93 KW-HR or Greater but less than 4.98 KW-HR, 2004-2009 (in
thousand $)
Table 3-6: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self
Contained, 4.98 KW-HR or Greater, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 3-7: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning Machines Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heating Cycle,
Window or Wall Types, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-8: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning Machines, Window or Wall Type, Not
Self Contained, NESOI, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-9: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heat Cycle, Self Contained, not
exceeding 17.58 KW-HR, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-10: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heat Cycle, Self Contained, exceeding
17.58 KW-HR, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-11: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heat Cycle, except Self-Contained,
NESOI, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-12: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Self Contained Machines and
Remote Condenser Type, Other than Year Round Units, Not Exceeding 17.58
KW-HR, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-13: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Self Contained Machines and
Remote Condensers, Other than Year Round Units, Exceeding 17.58 KW-HR,
2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 3-14: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Year-Round Units (Heating and
Cooling) not exceeding 17.58 KW-HR, 2004-2009 (in thousand $)
Table 3-15: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioners, Year-Round Units (Heating and
Cooling) exceeding 17.58 KW-HR, 2002-2005 (in thousand $)
Table 3-16: U.S. Exports of Room or Central Station Air Conditioning Units for
Use with Water Chillers, NESOI, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-17: U.S. Exports of Dehumidifiers Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit,
2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-18: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning Machines Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, NESOI, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-19: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning Machines not Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, NESOI, 2004-2008 (in thousand $)
Table 3-20: U.S. Exports of Air Humidifiers or Dehumidifiers, 2004-2008 (in
thousand $)
HVAC Equipment Exports in Units
Table 3-21: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, Less Than 2.93 kW-hr (10000 Btu/Hr), 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-22: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, 2.93 KW-hr or Greater But Less Than 4.98 kW-hr (10000-
16999btu/Hr), 2004-2008 (In Thousands)
Table 3-23: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Window or Wall Type, Self-
Contained, 4.98 KW-hr or Greater (17000 Btu/Hr) (In Thousands)
Table 3-24: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning Machines Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, and a Valve for Reversal of The Cooling/Heat Cycle, Window
Or Wall Types, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-25: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning Machines, Window or Wall Type,
Not Self Contained, Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-26: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of The Cooling/Heat Cycle, Self-Contain, Not
Exceeding 17.58 KW-hr, Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-27: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heat Cycle, Self-Contained, Exceeding
17.58 KW-hr, Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-28: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit
and a Valve for Reversal of the Cooling/Heat Cycle, Except Self-Contained,
Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-29: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Self-Contained Machines and
Remote Condenser Type, Other Than Year-Round Units, Not Exceeding 17.58
KW-hr (60000 Btu/Hr), Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-30: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Self-Contained Machines and
Remote Condenser Type, Other Than Year-Round Units, Exceeding 17.58 KW-
hr (60000 Btu/Hr), Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-31: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Year-Round Units (Heating and
Cooling) Not Exceeding 17.58 KW-hr (60000 Btu/Hr), Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In
Thousands)
Table 3-32: U.S. Exports of Air-Conditioners, Year-Round Units (Heating and
Cooling) Exceeding 17.58 KW-hr (60000 Btu/Hr), Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In
Thousands)
Table 3-33: U.S. Exports of Room or Central Station Air Conditioning Units for
Use with Water Chillers, Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-34: U.S. Exports of Dehumidifiers Incorporating a Refrigerating Unit,
2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-35: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning Machines Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-36: U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning Machines Not Incorporating a
Refrigerating Unit, Nesoi, 2004-2009 (In Thousands)
Table 3-37: U.S. Exports of Air Humidifiers or Dehumidifiers, 2004-2009 (In
Thousands)
Market Supply Projection and Outlook
Figure 3-3: U.S. Projected Market for HVAC Equipment Shipments, 2009-2014
(in billion $)
Table 3-38: Projected U.S. Shipments for HVAC Equipment, by Category, 2009-
2014 (in billion $)
Chapter 4: Competitive Profiles
Overview
Trane Inc
Corporate Background
Overview
The American Standard Legacy
Performance
When Trane was still an American Standard
Figure 4-1: Annual U.S. Revenues of American Standard Companies, 2005-2009
(in billion $)
Table 4-1: Trane’s Commercial HVAC Portfolio
Table 4-2: Trane’s Residential HVAC Portfolio
Table 4-3: American Standard’s Residential HVAC Portfolio
New Products & Services
Trane Launches Air Purifiers
Trane Offers Temporary Cooling Solutions for Emergencies, Planned
Maintenance, and Special Events
American Standard introduces 20 SEER Heat Pump
Nationally Renowned Restaurant Chain Names Trane 2008 Vendor of the Year
Trane Ships New Energy-Efficient Air-Cooled Scroll Chillers to Community
College in Kentucky
Trane Good for Health
Trane Targets Business with High Performance Building Services
Trane Opens New Parts Centers in Mexico the U.S.
Company Snapshot
The Nobel Factor and the Environment
The Goodwill Factor
Trane Woos the Restaurant Industry
American Standard Sponsors “Reality Makeover"
Environmental Initiatives
Trane builds LEED Silver Certified Office Building in San Antonio
Ingersoll Rand Executive Shares Trane’s Environmental Practices at FMA’s
Progressive Energy and Environmental Congress
Ingersoll Rand’s Extensive Sustainability Website
United Technologies Corporation
Overview
Performance
Table 4-4: UTC’s HVAC Portfolio
Figure 4-2: Annual U.S. Revenues of United Technologies Corporation, 2004-
2009/First Quarter (in billion $)
Table 4-5: Carrier’s HVAC Product Portfolio
Carrier’s New Products
Carrier’s HVAC Systems Preserve Historical Gems
Toshiba Carrier Corporation Products Win Accolades
Carrier Stimulus Consultants help Commercial Customers take Advantage of
Stimulus Act
Carrier Unveils its 13-SEER Products at “Power 2006” Convention
Carrier Corporation Factory Receive LEED-EB Certification
Other Environmental Initiatives
Carrier Launches New Software for LEED EA Analysis
Johnson Controls
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-3: Annual Revenues of Johnson Controls HVAC Division, 2004-2008 (in
billion $)
Table 4-6: York’s Commercial HVAC Product Portfolio
Table 4-7: York’s Residential HVAC Product Portfolio
Snapshot
York Responds to Higher SEER and the Marketplace with Contractor Training
Johnson Controls Offers Dealers On-line Training
New Product & Service Introductions
Residential and Commercial Innovations
Origins of the Unitary Product Group
Johnson Controls sponsors inaugural Energy Efficiency Hall of Fame
Johnson Controls Commissions Study of Business Leaders’ Attitude toward
Investing in Energy Efficiency
Major Acquisitions
Lennox International, Inc.
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-4: Annual Revenues of Lennox International, Inc. HVAC equipment,
2004-2008 (in billion $)
Table 4-8: Lennox’s Commercial HVAC Product Portfolio
Table 4-9: Lennox’s Residential Product Portfolio
Company Snapshot
New Product Introductions
Lennox Maintains High Efficiency in Residential Air Conditioners
Lennox Launches Line of Ozone-friendly Indoor Air Quality Products
Strategos Puts Energy Star on the Rooftop
Innovations Before the Recession
Environmental & Energy-Saving Recognition
Lennox and NASCAR
How Clean is the Air in Your Home
Goodman Global, Inc
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-5: Annual Revenues of Goodman Global, Inc., 2004-2008 (in billion $)
Table 4-10: Goodman Global’s HVAC Product Portfolio
Company Snapshot
Goodman Raises Prices, Offers Higher SEER and AFUE
Reducing, Reusing and Recycling at Goodman
Goodman Global Completes Merger with Hellman & Friedman
Goodman Introduces the First Wireless PTAC Management Product
Servicing Distributors and Contractors
Early Advocate of 13 SEER Protocol
Paloma Industries
Overview
Performance
Figure 4-6: Annual Revenues of Paloma Industries, Inc., 2004-2008 (in billion $)
Table 4-11: Rheem’s Commercial HVAC Product Portfolio
Table 4-12: Rheem’s Residential HVAC Product Portfolio
Table 4-13: Ruud’s Commercial HVAC Product Portfolio
Table 4-14: Ruud’s Residential HVAC Product Portfolio
Company Snapshot
New Product Introductions
Consumer Programs
Mass Customization Strategy Increases Rheem’s Market Share
Chapter 5: Marketing Dynamics
Market Flooded with a Host of New Products
Table 5-1: New Product Introductions by Major HVAC Manufacturers, 2007-2008
Promotions and Trade Shows
Air Conditioning Heating and Refrigeration (AHR) Expo
Comfortech
ISH North America
Power-Gen International
IAQA Annual Meeting & Exposition
Marketing Moves Beyond 13 SEER
Goodman Global Promotes Green Comfort
“Shades of Green in 2009”
The Contractor - An Important Marketing Tool
Air Conditioning Contractors of America Gets Big Corporate Support
Mitsubishi Holds Distributor & Contractor Conference
Advertising HVAC
Mitsubishi’s Mr. Slim on TV
Taco Adds 60,000sq ft LEED-Certified Warehouse
Trane goes “On the Road with Lou”
LG Promotes its ArtCool Designs of Air Conditioners
Fall Promotions
Newsletters Gain Prominence
Associations and Organizations
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE)
Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), Formerly Air-
conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI)
Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA)
Indoor Air Quality Association (IAQA)
Chapter 6: Industry and Market Trends
A New Energy for the HVAC Industry
Why 13 SEER for Residential Equipment
Figure 6-1: Residential and Commercial Energy Consumption in the U.S. 2004-
2008
Figure 6-2: Electrical System Energy Losses by Residential & Commercial
Equipment, 2001-2005 (in trillion Btu)
Measures Used to Achieve 13 SEER
The Phasing Out of R-22 Refrigerants
Table 6-1: EPA Timetable for the Hydrochlorofluorocarbon Phase-out by 2030
The Phasing in of R-410A Refrigerants
Table 6-2: Manufacturers and their brands names for R-410A
What HVAC Manufacturers are Doing
Sensor and Control Systems Improve HVAC Operations
HVAC for Leadership in Energy Efficiency and Design (LEED) Buildings
Table 6-3: Leadership in Energy Efficiency and Design (LEED) Points
Overcoming Challenges
Impact of the 13 SEER on the HVAC Market
Figure 6-3: National Association of Home Builders Remodeling Market Index,
2004-2009
Heating Equipment Requirements
Other HVAC Requirements and Specifications
The Efficiency Paradox - What Drives Standard Changes?
Energy Policy Act of 2005 Added Spark to the HVAC Industry
The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 offers HVAC Tax Incentives
to Builders and Realtors
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 means Tax Credits
Table 6-4: Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Efficiency Ratings
Table 6-5: Federal Tax Credits for HVAC Equipment for Homeowners, 2009
The Recovery Act Aims to Increase Building Energy Efficiency (BEC)
Building Energy Codes Program (BECP) to help States Qualify for State Energy
Program Grants
Impact of the Energy Policy Act 2005 on the HVAC Industry
Government Initiatives Replaced by Recovery Act
Table 6-6: Local Government Initiated HVAC Programs in 2005 (National
Summary)
HVAC’s Tradeoff with the Environment
Refrigerants Used in HVAC Systems and Their Environmental Effects
Table 6-7: Ozone Depletion Potential and Global Warming Potentials of
Refrigerants (100-year Values)*
Figure 6-4: Projected Consumption of R-22 Refrigerant in Air Conditioners &
Heat Pumps (in thousand metric tons)*
CO2 - The Next Generation Green Refrigerant
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) - A Growing Market
Measures to Improve Indoor Air Quality in Homes
The Impact of the IAQ Trend on the HVAC Market
IAQ Standards: AINSI/ASHRAE Standards 62-200 and 55-2004
The Market Opportunity in IAQ
Welcome to the Control Zone
Communication Improvement Lead to Great Consumer Control
Intelligent Remote Control in the Home, by the Phone and Through the Internet
OBIX: Networking HVAC
HVAC Industry Adopts the gbXML Standard
HVAC - The Comfort Market
Integrated Comfort Systems Grab Attention
HVAC Designs to Appeal to the Aesthetically Inclined Consumers
Industry Enters the Quiet Comfort Era
Rising Prices Heat Up HVAC Market
Figure 6-5: Producer Price Index of Sheet Metal used Air Conditioning Ducts and
Stove Pipes, 2004-2009
Figure 6-6: Producer Price Indices for Sheet Metal Used in Roof Ventilators,
Louvers, & Dampers for HVAC, 2004-2009
Figure 6-7: Producer Price Indices for Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc Mining,
2004-2008
Figure 6-8: Producer Price Indices for Air Conditioning & Heat Transfer
Equipment, 2004-2008
Figure 6-9: Producer Price Indices for Air Conditioning & Heat Transfer
Equipment, January-September 2009
Figure 6-10: Producer Price Indices for Unitary Air Conditioners, 2004-2008
Figure 6-11: Producer Price Indices for Unitary Air Conditioners, January-
September, 2009
Unprecedented Increase in Cost of Raw Materials
Figure 6-12: Producer Price Index for Cold Rolled Steel Sheet & Strip, Copper &
Copper Base Alloy Pipe & Tube, and Aluminum Sheet and Strip, 2004-2008
Figure 6-13: Producer Price Index for Cold Rolled Steel Sheet & Strip, January-
September 2009
Figure 6-14: Producer Price Index for Copper & Copper Base Alloy Pipe & Tube,
January-September 2009
Figure 6-15: Producer Price Index for Aluminum Sheet & Strip, January-
September, 2009
Soaring HVAC Component Prices
Figure 6-16: Producer Price Index for Parts, Accessories & Components for Air
Conditioning and Heat Transfer Equipment, 2004-2008
Figure 6-17: Producer Price Index for Parts, Accessories & Components for Air
Conditioning and Heat Transfer Equipment, January-September 2009
Product Trends
The Use of Thermal Expansion Valves (TXVs)
Whole House Ventilation Systems
Outdoor HVAC Systems
HVAC Systems - An Architectural Misfit?
Portable Air Conditioners
The Future of HVAC Technology
Geothermal HVAC Systems
Table 6-8: Cost Comparison of Geothermal (GeoExchange System) and other
HVAC Systems for a Home in St. George, Utah
Underfloor Air Distribution Systems
Table 6-9: Types of UFAD Systems
Ductless Air Conditioners
Solar Energy Systems
Chapter 7: End User
Overview
Residential Use
Builders Challenge and Net-Zero Homes
The E-Scale, an Easy Measure of a Home’s Energy Efficiency
Tax Credits
The Benefits of Geothermal Heat Pumps and the Geothermal Technologies
Program
Air Conditioner Use in American Households
Figure 7-1: Percentage of U.S. Households Owning Air Conditioning Units
Figure 7-2: U.S. Residential Energy Consumption, 2004-2008 (in trillion Btu)
Figure 7-3: U.S. Residential Energy Consumption, First Half of 2009 (in trillion
Btu)
Decreased Construction Leads to Fewer HVAC Installations
Table 7-1: Residential HVAC System Utilization (in thousand housing units)
Figure 7-4: U.S. Total Residential Construction, 2004-2008 (in million $)
Figure 7-5: U.S. Total Residential Construction, January-June, 2009 (in million $)
Consumption Characteristics of Residential Buildings
Figure 7-6: Residential Building Primary Electric Energy Breakdown, 2005 (%)
Figure 7-7: Households with Selected HVAC Appliances in 2005 (%)
Figure 7-8: Type of Air Conditioning Equipment Used by U.S. Households, 2005
Characteristics of Residential HVAC Consumers
Strong Economy Boosts HVAC Installation, Weak Economy Slows it Down
Table 7-2: Consumer Price Index, 1999-2009
Figure 7-9: U.S. Residential HVAC Expenditures, 2001-2005 (in billion $)
Single-Family Detached Homes Use the Most Energy
Table 7-3: U.S. Residential Energy Consumption According to Housing Type (in
million Btu)
South and Southwest Greatest Users of Air Conditioning
Table 7-4: Average Regional Expenditures for Households Having Electric Air
Conditioning, 2005 (in million $)
HVAC Consumption According to Climatic Zones
Table 7-5: Air Conditioning Energy Consumption in U.S. Households According
to Climate Zone, 2005
Table 7-6: Space Heating Energy Consumption in U.S. Households According to
Climate Zone, 2005
Type of Fuel Used For Residential Heating Systems
Figure 7-10: Type of Fuel Used for Heating Systems in Occupied Housing Units,
2005 (%)
Geothermal Heating Systems Grow in Popularity
Table 7-7: Electricity Net Generation from Renewable Energy, 2003-2007 (in
thousand kilowatt-hours)
Remodeling Market and HVAC Retrofit Installations
Figure 7-11: U.S Quarterly Expenditures for Maintenance, Repairs and
Improvements, 2005-2007 (in billion $)
The Remodeling Market Index has been in Sharp Decline
Figure 7-12: Remodeling Market Index, 2004-2009
Residential HVAC Retrofitting Expenditures Continued to Increase Despite
Recession
Figure 7-13: U.S. Residential HVAC Retrofit Expenditures in Owner-Occupied
Properties, 2002-2007 (in million $)
Non-Residential End Use
Table 7-8: Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, 2003-2008 (trillion BTUs)
Figure 7-14: U.S. Commercial Energy Consumption (in trillion Btu)
The Push Toward Energy Conservation and Net-Zero Buildings
The Building Technologies Program and the Impact of HVAC Equipment
NET-ZERO and GDP Growth
Updating the Building Envelope
The Commercial Building Initiative and EnergyPlus Software
Figure 7-15: Percentage of U.S. Commercial Buildings With Cooling Systems(s),
1999, 2003, 2007 (E)
Figure 7-16: Percentage of U.S. Commercial Buildings with Heating Systems(s),
1999, 2003, 2007 (E)
U.S. Non-Residential Construction Continues to Grow
Figure 7-17: U.S. Total Non-Residential Construction, 2003-2007 (in million $)
Figure 7-18: U.S. Total Non-Residential Construction, January-June, 2009 (in
million $)
Table 7-9: U.S. Non-Residential Construction, by Type, 2004-2007 (in million $)
Table 7-10: U.S. Non-Residential Construction, by Type, January-June 2009 (in
million $)
Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Buildings
Figure 7-19: Commercial Building Primary Energy Use Breakdown, 2005 (%)
Space Heating Equipment
Figure 7-20: Commercial Building Heating Equipment Use, 2005 (%)
Cooling Equipment
Figure 7-21: Commercial Building Cooling Equipment Breakdown, 2005 (%)
Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Users
Table 7-11: Commercial Buildings HVAC Consumption, by End Use, in 2005 (in
trillion Btu)
Educational Institutions
Figure 7-22: U.S. School Buildings Heating Equipment Breakdown, 2005 (E) (%)
(More than one may apply)
Figure 7-23: U.S. School Buildings Cooling Equipment Breakdown, 2005 (%)
(More than one may apply)
Food & Beverage Service Industry
Figure 7-24: U.S. Food & Beverage Service Outlets Heating Equipment
Breakdown, 2005 (%) (More than one may apply)
Figure 7-25: U.S. Food & Beverage Service Outlets Cooling Equipment
Breakdown, 2005 (E) (%) (More than one may apply)
Healthcare Facilities
Figure 7-26: U.S. Healthcare Facilities Heating Equipment Breakdown, 2005 (%)
(More than one may apply)
Figure 7-27: U.S. Healthcare Facilities Cooling Equipment Breakdown, 2005 (E)
(%) (More than one may apply)
Lodging Facilities
Figure 7-28: Annual Sales in Hotel and Lodging, 2002-2007 (in $ million)
Figure 7-29: U.S. Lodging Facilities Heating Equipment Breakdown, 2005 (%)
(More than one may apply)
Figure 7-30: U.S. Lodging Facilities Cooling Equipment Breakdown, 2005 (E) (%)
(More than one may apply)
Commercial HVAC Equipment Use by Geography
Figure 7-31: U.S. Commercial Buildings HVAC Equipment Breakdown, by
Census Region, 2005 (%)
Energy Sources Used for Commercial HVAC
Figure 7-32: Type of Fuel Used by Commercial Buildings for HVAC Equipment in
the U.S., 2005 (%)
Optimal HVAC Practices
Integration Concepts
Mechanical Systems
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