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Hebrew Helps

Dr. Benjamin Shaw

Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary

Hebrew Helps

Section I



Memorization

(In other words, you need to memorize this material in order

to make any significant progress in learning to read Hebrew.)

ALPHABET



Sound Trans- Final Letter Sound Trans- Name Final Letter

literation Form literation Form



m

‫ם‬ ‫מ‬ silent Aleph

‫א‬

n

‫ן‬ ‫נ‬ hard b b Bet

‫ּב ב‬

s

‫ס‬ hard g g Gimel

‫ּג ג‬



silent

‫ע‬ hard d d Dalet

‫ּד ד‬

ph p

‫ף‬ ‫ּפ פ‬ h He

‫ה‬

ts

‫ץ‬ ‫צ‬ v Vav

‫ו‬

not qu q

‫ק‬ z Zayin

‫ז‬

r

‫ר‬ as in Bach ch Het

‫ח‬

ś

simple s

‫ׂש‬ t Tet

‫ט‬

sh

‫ׁש‬ y Yod

‫י‬

t

‫ּת ת‬ k Kaph

‫ך‬ ‫ּכ כ ך‬

l Lamed

‫ל‬

VOWELS

(In the following charts a final mem is used as a place holder)



Class Long Short Reduced

A

ָ Qamets

as in father

ַ Patah

as in fat

ֲ Hateph

patah (very

short a)

E/I

ֵ Tsere

ֶ Segol

ֱ Hateph

segol (very

as in they as in pet short e)





‫ם‬

‫ִי‬ Hireq yod

as in machine

ִ Hireq

as in pit

O/U

‫ו‬

ֹ ֹ Holem

Holem vav

ָ Qamets

hatuph

ֳ Hateph

qamets

as in hole as in pot (very short

o)



‫ּו‬ Shureq

as in lute

ֺ Qibbuts

as in put





RULES OF GUTTURALS



These rules concern the following letters: ( ‫)א ה ח ע ר‬

With (‫ )א ע ר‬the preceding vowel is

1. They do not take the dagesh forte



lengthened, but not with (‫)ה ח‬

2. They take composite shevas

3. They prefer A-class vowels









SHEVA



The ultimate reduced vowel

Vocal under the following conditions, otherwise silent

Under the 1st consonant in a word

‫ָר‬

‫ּדב ִים‬

2nd sheva in a row

‫ִׁשמעּו‬‫י‬

‫ד‬

‫ּול׆ש ָם‬ Following a long vowel



ָ ‫ָר‬

‫יב ֶכך‬ Under a letter followed by the same letter



‫י ו‬

‫מַלדֹת‬ Under a letter with dagesh forte

DAGESH AND OTHER MARKS







‫ּב ּג ּד ּכ ּפ ּת‬ Dagesh lene. Occurs only in begadkephat letters



‫ל ּמ ּנ ּס‬ Dagesh forte. May occur in all letters except for

gutturals and resh

‫ַע ת‬

‫ל ֲׂשֹ ָּה‬ Mappiq. Occurs only in final he of 3fs suffix



‫ב‬

‫ּד ַרֽיהוה‬ Maqqeph. Unites two words into one accented unit



‫א ה‬

‫ֱלֹ ִ֑ים‬ Atnah. Marks the main logical break within a verse



‫ָ ּר‬

‫ה׆ש ֶץ׃‬ Silluq and Soph Passuq. Silluq is the accent on the

final word of a verse. Soph passuq is the two

diamonds marking the end of the verse.









DEFINITE ARTICLE



Pointing Explanation Example

ַ

ֻ‫ה‬ Ordinary pointing

‫ַ ָב‬

‫הּד ָר‬

‫ָאםם‬‫ה‬ ‫ע א‬ ‫ר‬

Before the gutturals ( ), ( ) and ( ) ‫ה ל‬

‫ָעֹ ָה‬

‫ַהםם‬‫ה‬ Before the gutturals (‫ )ה‬and (‫)ח‬ ‫ַח‬

‫ה ֲמֹר‬

‫ֶה‬

‫ה ָםם‬ ָ ָ ָ

Before unstressed (‫ )ה‬and (‫ ,)ע‬and always before (‫)ח‬ ‫ֶ ָר‬

‫הה ִים‬

‫ָה‬

‫ה ָםם‬ ָ ָ

Before stressed (‫ )ה‬and (‫)ע‬ ‫ָה‬

‫ה ָר‬







INDEPENDENT PRONOUNS



Definition Singular Plural Definition

he, it

‫הּוא‬ 3m

‫ה ֵ ּמ‬

‫ֵם ה ָה‬ they

she, it

‫ִיא‬‫ה‬ 3f

‫ה ֵ ּנ‬

‫ֵן הָה‬ they

you

‫ּת‬

‫ׅש ָה‬ 2m

‫ּת‬

‫ׅש ֶם‬ you all

you

‫ׅשּת‬ 2f

‫ּת‬

‫ׅש ֶן‬ you all

I

‫כ ֲנ‬

‫׆שנֹ ִי אִי‬ 1c

‫אַחנּו‬ ‫ֲנ‬ we

SUFFIX PRONOUNS



Definition Singular Plural Definition

him, his

‫םםםו‬ 3m

ׁ(Note: the last

‫ם‬ them, their



‫ו‬

ֹ‫םםם‬ item on the left ‫ה‬

‫םםם ֶם‬

shows the form

‫םםםהּו‬ of the 3ms

‫םםםֹה‬ suffix on a

plural noun.)

‫ם‬

‫םם ָיו‬

her

ָ

‫םםםה‬ 3f

‫םםםן‬ them, their



‫ם‬

‫םם ָּה‬ ‫ה‬

‫םםם ֶן‬

you, your

ָ

‫םםםך‬ 2m

‫כ‬

‫םםם ֶם‬ you all, your

you, your

‫םםםך‬ 2f

‫כ‬

‫םםם ֶן‬ you all, your

me, my

‫נ‬

‫םםםִי‬ 1c

‫םםםנּו‬ us, our









DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS



This/These That/Those

ms

‫ז‬

‫ֶה‬ ‫הּוא‬ ms

fs

‫זֹאת‬ ‫ִיא‬‫ה‬ fs

cp

‫ֵל‬

‫א ֶה‬ ‫ה ֵ ּמ‬

‫ֵם ה ָה‬ mp



‫ה ֵ ּנ‬

‫ֵן הָה‬ fp









NOUNS



Gender Singular Plural

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Masc

‫םםם‬ ‫םםם‬ ‫ם‬

‫םם ִים‬ ‫ם‬

‫םם ֵי‬

Fem

‫ם‬

‫םם ָה‬ ‫םם ַת‬

‫ם‬ ‫םםםֹת‬

‫ו‬ ‫ו‬

‫םםםֹת‬

Dual



‫ַי‬

‫םםםִם‬ ֵ

‫םםםי‬

N.B. There is no predictable ending for masc. singular nouns in either the absolute or the construct state. Masc.

nouns in the construct state generally have shorter vowels than those in the absolute state.

DEFINITENESS



A Noun is Definite if:

1. Has the article

‫ַ ּב‬

‫ה ֵן‬

2. Has a suffix

ָ ‫ּב‬

‫ִנך‬

3. Is a proper noun

‫ָה‬

‫ׅשבר ָם‬

4. Is in construct with a definite noun

‫ּב ַ ֶ ל‬

‫ֶןֽהּמ ֶך‬

ADJECTIVES



Type Explanation Example

Attributive Follows the noun, and agrees

with it in Gender, Number,

‫א ָ ֲ ָמ‬

‫ִ׃שה חכ ָה‬

and Definiteness a wise woman

Predicate Generally precedes the noun

and agrees with it in Gender

‫ו ָע‬

‫טֹב ה ֵץ‬

and Number, but NOT in the tree was good

Definiteness

VERBS



Qal Affix Strong Verb

Singular Plural

‫ָט‬

‫ק ַל‬ 3m

‫ק‬

‫ָטלּו‬

‫ק ל‬

‫ָט ָה‬ 3f



ָ ‫ָט‬

‫ק ַלּת‬ 2m

‫ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ֶם‬

‫ָט‬

‫ק ַלּת‬ 2f

ֶ ‫ט‬

‫ק ַלּתן‬

‫ָ ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ִי‬ 1c

‫ָט‬

‫ק ַלנּו‬



Qal Prefix Strong Verb

Singular Plural

‫ִקטֹל‬‫י‬ 3m

‫י‬

‫ִקטלּו‬

‫ִקטֹל‬‫ּת‬ 3f

‫נ‬

‫ִקטֹלָה‬ ‫ּת‬

‫ִקטֹל‬‫ּת‬ 2m

‫ּת‬

‫ִקטלּו‬

‫ּת ל‬

‫ִקט ִי‬ 2f

‫נ‬

‫ִקטֹלָה‬ ‫ּת‬

‫ֶקטֹל‬‫א‬ 1c

‫ִקטֹל‬‫נ‬



VERBS, THE VAV, AND TRANSLATION



Form With VC/VR With Simple Vav Without Vav

Prefix Translate as past Translate as Translate as

tense present/future present/future

Affix Translate as future Translate as past Translate as past

Mem Chart (Formerly X Chart)

Affix All the Rest

Qal

‫ם‬

‫ָםם‬ ‫םםםם‬ִ

Niph`al

‫נםםם‬ ֻ ִ

‫םםָםם‬

Pi`el

‫ם‬

‫ִםֻם‬ ‫ם‬

‫ם ַםֻם‬

Pu`al

‫ם‬

‫ֺםֻם‬ ‫ם‬

‫ם ֺםֻם‬

ֺ

‫ ם‬can be any O or U class vowel

Hithpa`el

‫ה ם‬

‫ִת ַםֻם‬ ‫ִ ם‬

‫םת ַםֻם‬

Hiph`il

‫הםםם‬ ‫םםםם‬ַ

‫ַ ֵם‬

‫ ,ם , ִי‬or ‫ ם‬under 2 nd

root; never ‫ם‬ ‫ֵ ם‬

‫ ִי‬or ‫ ם‬under 2 nd

root; never ‫ם‬

Hoph`al

‫ה‬

‫ָםםם‬ ‫םםםם‬

ָ

or another U vowel or another U vowel

Hebrew Helps

Section II



Reference

(In other words, you don’t have to memorize this material, but if you spend any significant amount of time

working with Hebrew, you will find that you have learned most of it.)

‫‪SAMPLE PREPOSITIONS WITH SUFFIXES‬‬



‫‪Suffix PGN‬‬

‫ּב‬ ‫ִן‬‫מ‬ ‫ע‬

‫ַל‬ ‫ִם‬‫ע‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ו‬

‫ּבֹ‬ ‫מ ֶּנּו‬

‫ִ ּמ‬ ‫ע ָיו‬

‫ָל‬ ‫ע ו‬

‫ִּמֹ‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ָּה‬‫ּב‬ ‫ִ ֶ ּנ‬

‫מּמָה‬ ‫ע ֶיה‬

‫ָל ָ‬ ‫ִ ּמ‬

‫ע ָּה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ָ‬

‫ּבך‬ ‫ִּמך‬

‫מ ָ‬ ‫ע ֶיך‬

‫ָל ָ‬ ‫ע ָ‬

‫ִּמך‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ָך‬ ‫ּב‬ ‫מ ֵך‬‫ִ ּמ‬ ‫עלִך‬

‫ָ ַי‬ ‫ִ ּמ‬

‫ע ָך‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ִי‬‫ּב‬ ‫ִ ֶ ּנ‬

‫מּמִי‬ ‫ע ַי‬

‫ַל‬ ‫ִ ּמ ִ ָ ִ‬

‫ע ִי/עּמדי‬

‫‪3mp‬‬

‫ּב ָ ה‬

‫ָם/ּב ֶם‬ ‫מ ֶם‬‫ֵה‬ ‫ע ֵי ֶם‬

‫ֲל ה‬ ‫ִ ּמ‬

‫ע ָם‬

‫‪3fp‬‬

‫ָה‬

‫ּב ֶן‬ ‫מ ֶן/מהָה‬

‫ֵ ה ֵ ֵ ּנ‬ ‫ע ֵי ֶן‬

‫ֲל ה‬ ‫ִ ּמ‬

‫ע ָן‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ָכ‬

‫ּב ֶם‬ ‫מ ֶם‬ ‫ִ ּכ‬ ‫ע ֵי ֶם‬

‫ֲל כ‬ ‫ִ ָכ‬

‫עּמ ֶם‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ָכ‬

‫ּב ֶן‬ ‫מ ֶן‬

‫ִ ּכ‬ ‫ע ֵי ֶן‬

‫ֲל כ‬ ‫ִ ָכ‬

‫עּמ ֶן‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ָנּו‬‫ּב‬ ‫ִ ּמ‬

‫מ ֶּנּו‬ ‫ע ֵינּו‬

‫ָל‬ ‫ִ ּמ‬

‫ע ָנּו‬



‫”‪DEFINITE DIRECT OBJECT MARKER AND PREPOSITION “WITH‬‬

‫‪WITH SUFFIXES‬‬



‫”‪Preposition “with‬‬ ‫‪Definite Direct Object Marker‬‬

‫‪Singular‬‬ ‫‪Plural‬‬ ‫‪Singular‬‬ ‫‪Plural‬‬

‫א ו‬

‫ִּתֹ‬ ‫‪3m‬‬

‫ִ ּת‬

‫א ָם‬ ‫ו‬

‫אֹתֹ‬ ‫‪3m‬‬

‫אֹ ָם/ ֶת ֶם‬

‫ת א ה‬

‫ִ ּת‬

‫א ָּה‬ ‫‪3f‬‬

‫ִ ּת‬

‫א ָן‬ ‫ת‬

‫אֹ ָּה‬ ‫‪3f‬‬

‫אֹ ָן/ ֶת ֶן‬

‫ת א ה‬

‫א ָ‬

‫ִּתך‬ ‫‪2m‬‬

‫א כ‬

‫ִּת ֶם‬ ‫ָ‬

‫אֹתך‬ ‫‪2m‬‬

‫ֶת ֶם‬

‫א כ‬

‫ִ ּת‬

‫א ָך‬ ‫‪2f‬‬

‫א כ‬

‫ִּת ֶן‬ ‫ת‬

‫אֹ ָך‬ ‫‪2f‬‬

‫ֶת ֶן‬

‫א כ‬

‫ִ ּת‬

‫א ִי‬ ‫‪1c‬‬

‫ִ ּת‬

‫א ָנּו‬ ‫ת‬

‫אֹ ִי‬ ‫‪1c‬‬

‫אֹ ָנּו‬

‫ת‬

POINTING FOR THE SIMPLE VAV



Rule Example

1. Regularly pointed with sheva

‫י‬

‫וָד‬

2.

Before a simple sheva or the BuMP letters ( ‫במפ‬) it is ( ) ‫ּו‬ ‫ב‬

‫ּו ֵין‬

3. Before a composite sheva, it takes the corresponding short vowel.

‫וֲנ‬

‫ַאִי‬

4.

‫י‬

Before ( ) it takes Hireq, and the sheva under the Yod falls away. ‫ו ד‬

‫ִיהּו ָה‬

‫א ה‬

With (‫ ) ֱלֹ ִים‬it takes a Tsere ‫ו ה‬

‫ֵאלֹ ִים‬

5.



Before (‫ )יהוה‬it takes a Patah ‫ַיהוה‬ ‫ו‬

6.

7. Before an accented syllable, it often takes Qamets

‫ור‬

‫ָ ָע‬

VERB STEM RELATIONSHIPS

Note that these apply only when the verb occurs in the Qal. Otherwise, all bets are off.



QAL ( ‫ק‬

‫ַל‬ ) Primarily the simple active NIPHAL ( ‫נ ע‬

‫ִפ ַל‬ ) Primarily passive of the

sense of the verb. Qal. Sometimes reflexive or middle.

49,180 occurrences 68.8 % 4,140 occurrences 5.8%

PIEL ( ‫ִע‬

‫ּפ ֵל‬ ) Numerous possibilities: PUAL ( ‫ֺע‬

‫ּפ ַל‬) Passive of the Piel

intensive, iterative (repeated action), 460 occurrences 0.6%

causing a state

6,450 occurrences 9.0 %

HIPHIL ( ‫ה ע‬

‫ִפ ִיל‬) Causative, causing an HOPHAL( ‫ה ע‬

‫ָפ ַל‬ ) Passive of the Hiphil

action 400 occurrences 0.6%

9,370 occurrences 13.1%

HITPAEL ( ‫ה ַע‬

‫ִתפ ֵל‬ ) Reflexive/reciprocal of the Piel. Sometimes passive.

830 occurrences 1.2%



VERB PARSING GUIDE



Word Root Stem Form PGN Other Features

This is This is the There are seven There are five primary Person: Here are such

the word three-letter primary stems: possibilities here: Affix, Prefix, 1st: I, we things as vav

as it dictionary Qal, Niphal, Imperative, Infinitive (both 2nd: you conversive, vav

occurs in form of the Piel, Pual, Absolute and Construct), and 3rd: he, reversive, and

the text. word. Hiphil, Hophal, Participle. There are also Jussive she, it, suffixes.

Hitpael. and Cohortative, but these also they

There are other occur with limited frequency

stems that Gender:

occur, but with Masc. or

very limited fem.

frequency.

Number:

Singular

or Plural

MISSING LETTER CLUES



If only two root letters appear in a prefix verb EXAMPLES

form, the third may be determined by

following these simple rules:

FIRST: Check for a dagesh forte in the first

ָ ‫וי‬

‫(נׂשא) ִַׄשא‬

root letter that appears, if there is one, suspect ‫ויק‬

‫(לקח) ִַ ַח‬

a missing initial Nun. The exception to this

rule is the root ( ‫ ,)לקח‬which acts like a 1st-

Nun verb.



SECOND: If there is no dagesh forte,

(1) check the vowel under the prefix letter. If

ֶ ‫וי‬

‫(יׁשב) ֵַׁשב‬

it is a Tsere, suspect a missing initial Yod. The ‫ויל‬

‫(הלך) ֵֶַך‬

exception to this rule is the root ( ‫,)הלך‬

which acts like a 1st-Yod verb.



(2) If the vowel is a Qamets, suspect a missing

middle Vav or Yod.

‫ויק‬

‫(קום) ַָ ָם‬

ֶ ‫וי‬ ִ

‫(ׂשים) ַָׂשם‬



(3) If the vowel is a Hireq or Patah, suspect a

missing final He

‫וי‬

‫(ראה) ַַרא‬

‫ויב‬

‫(בנה) ִַ ֶן‬







NOTES ON HEBREW SYNTAX



I recommend two relatively brief sources as more than adequate for most pastoral use. The first is Hebrew Bible

Insert, by Frederic Clarke Putnam. It is a sixty-page summary of syntax with adequate examples. It may be

pasted into the back of your Hebrew Bible. The second is A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, by Bill T. Arnold

and John H. Choi. It is more extensive than Putnam. The standard reference grammars are Gesenius-Kautzsch-

Cowley (GKC), which is now a century old, and takes some practice learning to use. It does, however, have

more extensive examples than other reference grammars. The second is Waltke-O’Connor (WO). It is especially

valuable for its presentation of the verb system, and for its clear layout. The third is Joüon-Muraoka (JM). It is

the most up-to-date, and, unlike WO, contains an extensive discussion of morphology.

As a beginning to understanding syntax in a manner useful for exegesis, I recommend the essay by Dr. William

Barrick at http://www.tms.edu/FacultyDocuments/SyntacticalAnalysis.pdf and his bibliography.



All that being said, the following are simply examples intended to deal with the most general syntactical issues.

NOUNS





The most important syntactical consideration is the construct chain. Since this is, in effect, the way that Hebrew

constructs a genitive, the uses are very similar to that of the genitive in Greek. The most prominent uses are as

follows.





Possession

‫ּב‬

‫ֶית יהוה‬

1 Kgs 6:37 The house belonging to the Lord

Subjective

‫יַ א ה‬

‫ֵׁשע ֱלֹ ִים‬

Ps 50: 23 The salvation of which God is the subject.

Objective

‫י‬

‫ִר׆שה יהוה‬

Ps 19:8 The fear that has God as its object

Attibutive

(functions like

‫א ֶ ַי‬

‫ֵׁשת חִל‬

an adjective) Ruth 3:11 A woman of valor, i.e., a valorous woman









ADJECTIVES



For the basics of the adjective, see under Memorization.



Comparative

‫ָ כ ּת ִ ָ ני‬

‫ח ָם ׅש ָה מּדִֵל‬

(use of ‫מ‬

‫( ִן‬ Ezk 28:3 You are wise from/more than Daniel

Superlative

(Definite article)

‫ַ ָט‬

‫הק ָן‬

1Sam 16:11 the youngest (of eight)

Superlative

(Repetition)

‫ִ הִ ר‬

‫ׁשר ַ׃שי ִים‬

Song 1:1 The song of songs (i.e., the greatest song)







PREPOSITIONS



Most prepositions have multiple uses. Study of the paragraphs on the prepositions in the Brown-Driver-Briggs

lexicon will give the student a solid grasp of prepositional use. See particularly the inseparable prepositions,

plus min and ‛al.

VERBS





Study especially WO chs 20, 29.



AFFIX FORM (also called Perfect): The action viewed from outside, or “considered as a complete whole, with

the beginning and end in view.”



Regular Gen 1:5 And the darkness he

called “Night.”

‫ל ֶ ָר ל ל‬

‫ו ַחֹׁשך ק ָא ָי ָה‬

Rhetorical Future (also called “prophetic

perfect”) Num 24:17 A star will come out

‫ָ ר וכ ִ יע‬

‫ּד ַך ּכָֹב מֲַקֹב‬

of Jacob









PREFIX FORM (also called Imperfect): The action considered from inside, thus in progress, or not yet

complete.





Future 1Sam 12:12 For a king will reign

over us.

‫ָל‬ ‫ּכ ֶ ל י‬

‫ִיֽמ ֶך ִמלֹך ע ֵינּו‬

Progressive Gen 16:8 Where are you

going?

‫נ ֵ ֵכ‬

‫׆שָה תל ִי‬





INFINITIVE: The verb considered in the abstract. Ex: Running is good exercise

Construct: Generally functions like the infinitive in English. One particular use of note is in the construction of

a temporal clause. In this construction, a preposition (usually bet, sometimes lamed) plus the inf. cons., plus a

suffix or a noun creates the clause “when such and such.”



1 Sam 18:6 When David returned from

smiting the Philistines.

‫ָ ו ֵ ה ו א ה ל ּת‬

‫ּבׁשּוב ּדִד מ ַּכֹת ֶתֽ ַּפ ִׁש ִי‬





Absolute: Primarily used to emphasize the action of the verb. The construction is the inf. abs. in combination

with a finite form of the same verb.





Deut 4:26 You will be utterly destroyed

‫הָמ הָמ‬

‫ִׁש ֵד ִׁש ֵדּון‬

‫‪QAL AFFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ָט‬

‫ק ַל‬ ‫ָ ַל‬

‫נפ‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ָׁשב‬ ‫ָם‬ ‫ק‬ ‫ס ַב‬

‫ָב‬ ‫ָל‬

‫ּג ָה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ק ל‬

‫ָט ָה‬ ‫ָפ ָה‬

‫נ ל‬ ‫י ב‬

‫ָׁש ָה‬ ‫ָמ‬

‫ק ָה‬ ‫ָב ָה‬

‫ס ב‬ ‫ּג ת‬

‫ָל ָה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ָט ָ‬

‫ק ַלּת‬ ‫ָ ַלּת‬

‫נפ ָ‬ ‫יַ ָ‬

‫ָׁשבּת‬ ‫ק ָ‬

‫ַמּת‬ ‫ַּבֹת‬

‫ס וָ‬ ‫ָל ָ‬

‫ּג ִית‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ָט‬

‫ק ַלּת‬ ‫ָ ַלּת‬

‫נפ‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ָׁשבּת‬ ‫ַמּת‬ ‫ק‬ ‫ַּבֹת‬

‫ס ו‬ ‫ָל‬

‫ּג ִית‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ָ ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ִי‬ ‫ָ ַל ִי‬

‫נפ ּת‬ ‫י ַ ּת‬

‫ָׁשב ִי‬ ‫ק ּת‬

‫ַמ ִי‬ ‫ַּבֹ ִי‬

‫ס ות‬ ‫ָל ת‬

‫ּג ִי ִי‬

‫‪3cp‬‬

‫ָטלּו‬‫ק‬ ‫ָפלּו‬ ‫נ‬ ‫ָׁשבּו‬‫י‬ ‫ָמּו‬‫ק‬ ‫ָב‬

‫ס ֲבּו‬ ‫ָלּו‬‫ּג‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ֶם‬ ‫נ ַל ֶם‬

‫פ ּת‬ ‫ַ ּת‬

‫יׁשב ֶם‬ ‫ק ּת‬

‫ַמ ֶם‬ ‫ַּבֹ ֶם‬

‫ס ות‬ ‫לת‬

‫ּג ִי ֶם‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ֶן‬ ‫נ ַל ֶן‬

‫פ ּת‬ ‫ַ ּת‬

‫יׁשב ֶן‬ ‫ק ּת‬

‫ַמ ֶן‬ ‫ַּבֹ ֶן‬

‫ס ות‬ ‫לת‬

‫ּג ִי ֶן‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ָט‬

‫ק ַלנּו‬ ‫ָ ַלנּו‬

‫נפ‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ָׁשבנּו‬ ‫ַמנּו‬‫ק‬ ‫ַּבֹנּו‬

‫ס ו‬ ‫ָל‬

‫ּג ִינּו‬

‫‪QAL PREFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ִקטֹל‬ ‫י‬ ‫ִּפֹל‬ ‫י‬ ‫יֵ‬

‫ֵׁשב‬ ‫ָקּום‬‫י‬ ‫ָסֹב‬ ‫י‬ ‫יל‬

‫ִג ֶה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ִקטֹל‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ִּפֹל‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ּת ֵ‬

‫ֵׁשב‬ ‫ָקּום‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ָסֹב‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ּת ל‬

‫ִג ֶה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ִקטֹל‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ִּפֹל‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ּת ֵ‬

‫ֵׁשב‬ ‫ָקּום‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ָסֹב‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ּת ל‬

‫ִג ֶה‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ּת ל‬

‫ִקט ִי‬ ‫ִּפ ִי‬

‫ּת ל‬ ‫ּת ב‬

‫ֵׁש ִי‬ ‫ּת מ‬

‫ָקּו ִי‬ ‫ָסֹ ִי‬

‫ּת ּב‬ ‫ּת ל‬

‫ִג ִי‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ֶקטֹל‬ ‫א‬ ‫ֶּפֹל‬ ‫א‬ ‫ֵׁשב‬

‫אֵ‬ ‫׆שקּום‬ ‫׆שסֹב‬ ‫אל‬

‫ֶג ֶה‬

‫‪3mp‬‬

‫י‬

‫ִקטלּו‬ ‫ִּפלּו‬

‫י‬ ‫ֵׁשבּו‬‫י‬ ‫ָקּומּו‬‫י‬ ‫ָסֹּבּו‬ ‫י‬ ‫י‬

‫ִגלּו‬

‫‪3fp‬‬

‫נ‬

‫ִקטֹלָה‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ּת נ‬

‫ִּפֹלָה‬ ‫ּת ַ נ‬

‫ֵׁשבָה‬ ‫מנ‬

‫ּתקּו ֶיָה‬ ‫ֺ ּב נ‬

‫ּתס ֶיָה‬ ‫ּת ל נ‬

‫ִג ֶיָה‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ִקטלּו‬‫ּת‬ ‫ִּפלּו‬‫ּת‬ ‫ֵׁשבּו‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ָקּומּו‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ָסֹּבּו‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ִגלּו‬‫ּת‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫נ‬

‫ִקטֹלָה‬ ‫ּת‬ ‫ּת נ‬

‫ִּפֹלָה‬ ‫ּת ַ נ‬

‫ֵׁשבָה‬ ‫מנ‬

‫ּתקּו ֶיָה‬ ‫ֺ ּב נ‬

‫ּתס ֶיָה‬ ‫ּת ל נ‬

‫ִג ֶיָה‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ִקטֹל‬ ‫נ‬ ‫ִּפֹל‬ ‫נ‬ ‫נֵ‬

‫ֵׁשב‬ ‫ָקּום‬‫נ‬ ‫ָסֹב‬ ‫נ‬ ‫נל‬

‫ִג ֶה‬

‫‪QAL ALL THE REST COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬





‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫‪Impv 2ms‬‬

‫קטֹל‬ ‫נפֹל‬ ‫ׁשב‬‫ֵ‬ ‫קּום‬ ‫סֹב‬ ‫ל‬

‫ּג ֶה‬

‫‪Impv 2fs‬‬

‫ק ל‬

‫ִט ִי‬ ‫ִפ ִי‬

‫נ ל‬ ‫ב‬

‫ׁש ִי‬ ‫מ‬

‫קּו ִי‬ ‫סֹ ִי‬

‫ּב‬ ‫ל‬

‫ּג ִי‬

‫‪Impv 2mp‬‬

‫ק‬

‫ִטלּו‬ ‫ִפלּו‬

‫נ‬ ‫ׁשבּו‬ ‫קּומּו‬ ‫סֹּבּו‬ ‫ּגלּו‬

‫‪Impv 2fp‬‬

‫נ‬

‫קטֹלָה‬ ‫נפֹלָה‬

‫נ‬ ‫ֵ נ‬

‫ׁשבָה‬ ‫נ‬

‫קּומָה‬ ‫סֹבָה‬

‫נ‬ ‫לנ‬

‫ּג ֶיָה‬

‫.‪Inf. Abs‬‬

‫ק ו‬

‫ָטֹל‬ ‫ָפֹל‬

‫נ ו‬ ‫י ו‬

‫ָׁשֹב‬ ‫קֹם‬‫ו‬ ‫ָבֹב‬‫ס ו‬ ‫ָלֹה‬ ‫ּג‬

‫.‪Inf. Cons‬‬

‫קטֹל‬ ‫נפֹל‬ ‫ֶב‬

‫ׁש ֶת‬ ‫קּום‬ ‫סֹב‬ ‫ו‬

‫ּגלֹת‬

‫‪Active‬‬

‫‪Participle‬‬

‫ט‬

‫קֹ ֵל‬ ‫נֹ ֵל‬

‫פ‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫יֹׁשב‬ ‫ָם‬ ‫ק‬ ‫סֹ ֵב‬

‫ב‬ ‫ל‬

‫ּגֹ ֶה‬

‫‪Passive‬‬

‫‪Participle‬‬

‫ק‬

‫ָטּול‬

‫‪NIPHAL AFFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫נ ט‬

‫ִק ַל‬ ‫ִַׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫ול‬

‫נַֹד‬ ‫נ ו‬

‫ָקֹם‬ ‫ָ ַב‬

‫נס‬ ‫נל‬

‫ִג ָה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫נ ל‬

‫ִקט ָה‬ ‫ִּגׁשה‬

‫נ ָ‬ ‫ו ד‬

‫נֹל ָה‬ ‫נ ומ‬

‫ָקֹ ָה‬ ‫ָס ָה‬

‫נ ַ ּב‬ ‫נ ת‬

‫ִגל ָה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫נ ט ָ‬

‫ִק ַלּת‬ ‫ִַׁשּת‬

‫נּג ָ‬ ‫ול ָ‬

‫נַֹדּת‬ ‫וָ‬

‫נקּומֹת‬ ‫נ ַּבֹת‬

‫ס וָ‬ ‫נלָ‬

‫ִג ֵית‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫נ ט‬

‫ִק ַלּת‬ ‫ִַׁשּת‬‫נּג‬ ‫ול‬

‫נַֹדּת‬ ‫ו‬

‫נקּומֹת‬ ‫נ ַּבֹת‬

‫ס ו‬ ‫נל‬

‫ִג ֵית‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫נ ט ּת‬

‫ִק ַל ִי‬ ‫ִַׁש ִי‬

‫נּג ּת‬ ‫ול ּת‬

‫נַֹד ִי‬ ‫ות‬

‫נקּומֹ ִי‬ ‫נ ַּבֹ ִי‬

‫ס ות‬ ‫נלת‬

‫ִג ֵי ִי‬

‫‪3cp‬‬

‫ִקטלּו‬‫נ‬ ‫ִּגׁשּו‬‫נ‬ ‫ו‬

‫נֹלדּו‬ ‫נ ו‬

‫ָקֹמּו‬ ‫נס‬

‫ָ ַּבּו‬ ‫נ‬

‫ִגלּו‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫נ ט ּת‬

‫ִק ַל ֶם‬ ‫ִַׁש ֶם‬

‫נּג ּת‬ ‫ול ּת‬

‫נַֹד ֶם‬ ‫ו ות‬

‫נקֹמֹ ֶם‬ ‫נ ַּבֹ ֶם‬

‫ס ות‬ ‫נלת‬

‫ִג ֵי ֶם‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫נ ט ּת‬

‫ִק ַל ֶן‬ ‫ִַׁש ֶן‬

‫נּג ּת‬ ‫ו ּת‬

‫נֹלד ֶן‬ ‫ו ות‬

‫נקֹמֹ ֶן‬ ‫נ ַּבֹ ֶן‬

‫ס ות‬ ‫נלת‬

‫ִג ֵי ֶן‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫נ ט‬

‫ִק ַלנּו‬ ‫ִַׁשנּו‬‫נּג‬ ‫ול‬

‫נַֹדנּו‬ ‫ו‬

‫נקּומֹנּו‬ ‫נ ַּבֹנּו‬

‫ס ו‬ ‫נל‬

‫ִג ֵינּו‬

‫‪NIPHAL PREFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫יָט‬

‫ִק ֵל‬ ‫ִֵָׁש‬

‫יּנג‬ ‫יּו ֵ‬

‫ִָׁשב‬ ‫י ו‬

‫ִקֹם‬ ‫ִ ַב‬

‫יּס‬ ‫יָל‬

‫ִּג ֶה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ִ ָט‬

‫ּתק ֵל‬ ‫ּתֵָׁש‬

‫ִ ּנג‬ ‫ִ ּו ֵ‬

‫ּתָׁשב‬ ‫ּת ו‬

‫ִקֹם‬ ‫ּת ַב‬

‫ִ ּס‬ ‫ִ ָל‬

‫ּתּג ֶה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ִ ָת‬

‫ּתק ֵל‬ ‫ּתֵָׁש‬

‫ִ ּנג‬ ‫ִ ּו ֵ‬

‫ּתָׁשב‬ ‫ּת ו‬

‫ִקֹם‬ ‫ּת ַב‬

‫ִ ּס‬ ‫ִ ָל‬

‫ּתּג ֶה‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ִק ל‬

‫ּת ָט ִי‬ ‫ּתָגׁשי‬

‫ִ ּנ ִ‬ ‫ִ ּו ב‬

‫ּתָׁש ִי‬ ‫ּת ומ‬

‫ִקֹ ִי‬ ‫ּתּס ִי‬

‫ִ ַ ּב‬ ‫ִ ָל‬

‫ּתּג ִי‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ֵֶָ‬

‫אקטל‬ ‫אֵָׁש‬

‫ֶ ּנג‬ ‫ֶ ּו ֵ‬

‫אָׁשב‬ ‫א ו‬

‫ֶקֹם‬ ‫א ַב‬

‫ֶ ּס‬ ‫ֶ ָל‬

‫אּג ֶה‬

‫‪3mp‬‬

‫יק‬

‫ִ ָטלּו‬ ‫ִָגׁשּו‬

‫יּנ‬ ‫ִָׁשבּו‬‫יּו‬ ‫י ו‬

‫ִקֹמּו‬ ‫ִ ַּבּו‬

‫יּס‬ ‫יּג‬

‫ִָלּו‬

‫‪3fp‬‬

‫ִ ָט נ‬

‫ּתק ַלָה‬ ‫ּתַָׁשָה‬

‫ִ ּנג נ‬ ‫ִ ּו ַ נ‬

‫ּתָׁשבָה‬ ‫ּת ו נ‬

‫ִקֹמָה‬ ‫ּתּס ֶיָה‬

‫ִ ַ ּב נ‬ ‫ִ ָל נ‬

‫ּתּג ֶיָה‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ִק‬

‫ּת ָטלּו‬ ‫ּתָגׁשּו‬

‫ִ ּנ‬ ‫ִ ּו‬

‫ּתָׁשבּו‬ ‫ּת ו‬

‫ִקֹמּו‬ ‫ּת ַּבּו‬

‫ִ ּס‬ ‫ִ ּג‬

‫ּתָלּו‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ִ ָט נ‬

‫ּתק ַלָה‬ ‫ּתַָׁשָה‬

‫ִ ּנג נ‬ ‫ִ ּו ַ נ‬

‫ּתָׁשבָה‬ ‫ּת ו נ‬

‫ִקֹמָה‬ ‫ּתּס ֶיָה‬

‫ִ ַ ּב נ‬ ‫ִ ָל נ‬

‫ּתּג ֶיַה‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫נָט‬

‫ִק ֵל‬ ‫ִֵָׁש‬

‫נּנג‬ ‫נּו ֵ‬

‫ִָׁשב‬ ‫נ ו‬

‫ִקֹם‬ ‫ִ ַב‬

‫נּס‬ ‫נָל‬

‫ִּג ֶה‬

‫‪NIPHAL ALL THE REST COMPARATIE CHART‬‬



‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫‪Impv 2ms‬‬

‫ִ ָט‬

‫הק ֵל‬ ‫הֵָׁש‬

‫ִ ּנג‬ ‫ִ ּו ֵ‬

‫הָׁשב‬ ‫ה ו‬

‫ִקֹם‬ ‫ה ַב‬

‫ִ ּס‬ ‫ִ ָל‬

‫הּג ֵה‬

‫‪Impv 2fs‬‬

‫ִק ל‬

‫ה ָט ִי‬ ‫הָגׁשי‬

‫ִ ּנ ִ‬ ‫ִ ּו ב‬

‫הָׁש ִי‬ ‫ה ומ‬

‫ִקֹ ִי‬ ‫הּס ִי‬

‫ִ ַ ּב‬ ‫ִ ָל‬

‫הּג ִי‬

‫‪Impv 2mp‬‬

‫ִק‬

‫ה ָטלּו‬ ‫הָגׁשּו‬

‫ִ ּנ‬ ‫ִ ּו‬

‫הָׁשבּו‬ ‫ה ו‬

‫ִקֹמּו‬ ‫ה ַּבּו‬

‫ִ ּס‬ ‫ִ ּג‬

‫הָלּו‬

‫‪Impv 2fp‬‬

‫ִ ָט נ‬

‫הק ַלַה‬ ‫הַָׁשָה‬

‫ִ ּנג נ‬ ‫ִ ּו ַ נ‬

‫הָׁשבָה‬ ‫ה ו נ‬

‫ִקֹמָה‬ ‫הּס ֶיָה‬

‫ִ ַ ּב נ‬ ‫ִ ָל נ‬

‫הּג ֶיָה‬

‫.‪Inf. Abs‬‬

‫נ‬

‫ה ָטֹל/ִקטֹל‬‫ִק‬ ‫ִ ּנג‬

‫הֵָׁש‬ ‫הָׁשֹב‬ ‫ִ ּו‬ ‫ה ו‬

‫ִקֹם‬ ‫ִּסֹב‬ ‫ה‬ ‫ִגלֹה‬ ‫נ‬

‫.‪Inf. Cons‬‬

‫ִ ָט‬

‫הק ֶל‬ ‫הֵָׁש‬

‫ִ ּנג‬ ‫ִ ּו ֵ‬

‫הָׁשב‬ ‫ה ו‬

‫ִקֹם‬ ‫ה ַב‬

‫ִ ּס‬ ‫ִ ּג ו‬

‫הָלֹת‬

‫‪Participle‬‬

‫נ ט‬

‫ִק ָל‬ ‫ִָׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וָ‬

‫נֹׁשב‬ ‫ק נ ו‬

‫ָםָקֹם‬ ‫ָ ָב‬

‫נס‬ ‫נל‬

‫ִג ֶה‬

‫‪PIEL AFFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫)‪(Polel‬‬ ‫)‪(Polel‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ִט‬

‫ק ֵל‬ ‫ִַׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫יֵ‬

‫ִ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ֵם‬ ‫סֹ ֵב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ִל‬

‫ּג ָה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ק ל‬

‫ִט ָה‬ ‫ִּגׁשה‬

‫נ ָ‬ ‫י ב‬

‫ִ׃ש ָה‬ ‫ו מ‬

‫קֹמ ָה‬ ‫סֹב ָה‬

‫ו ב‬ ‫ּג ת‬

‫ִל ָה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ִט ָ‬

‫ק ַלּת‬ ‫ִַׁשּת‬

‫נּג ָ‬ ‫יַ ָ‬

‫ִ׃שבּת‬ ‫ומ ָ‬

‫קֹ ַמּת‬ ‫סֹ ַבּת‬

‫וב ָ‬ ‫ִל ָ‬

‫ּג ִית‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ִט‬

‫ק ַלּת‬ ‫ִַׁשּת‬‫נּג‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ִ׃שבּת‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ַמּת‬ ‫סֹ ַבּת‬

‫וב‬ ‫ִל‬

‫ּג ִית‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ִ ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ִי‬ ‫ִַׁש ִי‬

‫נּג ּת‬ ‫י ַ ּת‬

‫ִ׃שב ִי‬ ‫ומ ּת‬

‫קֹ ַמ ִי‬ ‫סֹ ַב ִי‬

‫וב ּת‬ ‫ִל ת‬

‫ּג ִי ִי‬

‫‪3cp‬‬

‫ִטלּו‬‫ק‬ ‫ִּגׁשּו‬‫נ‬ ‫י‬

‫ִ׃שבּו‬ ‫ו‬

‫קֹממּו‬ ‫ו‬

‫סֹבבּו‬ ‫ּג‬

‫ִלּו‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ִ ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ֶם‬ ‫ִַׁש ֶם‬

‫נּג ּת‬ ‫י ַ ּת‬

‫ִ׃שב ֶם‬ ‫ומ ּת‬

‫קֹ ַמ ֶם‬ ‫סֹ ַב ֶם‬

‫וב ּת‬ ‫ִל ת‬

‫ּג ִי ֶם‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ִ ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ֶן‬ ‫ִַׁש ֶן‬

‫נּג ּת‬ ‫י ַ ּת‬

‫ִ׃שב ֶן‬ ‫ומ ּת‬

‫קֹ ַמ ֶן‬ ‫סֹ ַב ֶן‬

‫וב ּת‬ ‫ִל ת‬

‫ּג ִי ֶן‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ִט‬

‫ק ַלנּו‬ ‫ִַׁשנּו‬‫נּג‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ִ׃שבנּו‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ַמנּו‬ ‫סֹ ַבנּו‬

‫וב‬ ‫ִל‬

‫ּג ִינּו‬

‫‪PIEL PREFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫)‪(Polel‬‬ ‫)‪(Polel‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ַט‬

‫יק ֵל‬ ‫יֵַׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וֵ‬

‫יַ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫יקֹ ֵם‬ ‫יסֹ ֵב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ַל‬

‫יג ֶה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ַט‬

‫ּתק ֵל‬ ‫ּתֵַׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וֵ‬

‫ּתַ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫ּתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ּתסֹ ֵב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ַל‬

‫ּתג ֶה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ַט‬

‫ּתק ֵל‬ ‫ּתֵַׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וֵ‬

‫ּתַ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫ּתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ּתסֹ ֵב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ַל‬

‫ּתג ֶה‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ק ל‬

‫ּת ַט ִי‬ ‫ּתַּגׁשי‬

‫נ ִ‬ ‫ו ב‬

‫ּתַ׃ש ִי‬ ‫ו מ‬

‫ּתקֹמ ִי‬ ‫ּתסֹב ִי‬

‫ו ב‬ ‫ַל‬

‫ּתג ִי‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ֶ ַט‬

‫אק ֵל‬ ‫אֵַׁש‬

‫ֲ נּג‬ ‫ֲו ֵ‬

‫אַ׃שב‬ ‫א ומ‬

‫ֲקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ֲסֹ ֵב‬

‫א וב‬ ‫ֲ ַל‬

‫אג ֶה‬

‫‪3mp‬‬

‫ק‬

‫י ַטלּו‬ ‫יַּגׁשּו‬

‫נ‬ ‫ו‬

‫יַ׃שבּו‬ ‫ו‬

‫יקֹממּו‬ ‫יסֹבבּו‬

‫ו‬ ‫ג‬

‫יַלּו‬

‫‪3fp‬‬

‫ַט נ‬

‫ּתק ֵלָה‬ ‫ּתֵַׁשָה‬

‫נּג נ‬ ‫וֵ נ‬

‫ּתַ׃שבָה‬ ‫ומ נ‬

‫ּתקֹ ֵמָה‬ ‫ּתסֹ ֵבָה‬

‫וב נ‬ ‫ַל נ‬

‫ּתג ֶיָה‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ק‬

‫ּת ַטלּו‬ ‫ּתַּגׁשּו‬

‫נ‬ ‫ו‬

‫ּתַ׃שבּו‬ ‫ו‬

‫ּתקֹממּו‬ ‫ּתסֹבבּו‬

‫ו‬ ‫ג‬

‫ּתַלּו‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ַט נ‬

‫ּתק ֵלָה‬ ‫ּתֵַׁשָה‬

‫נּג נ‬ ‫וֵ נ‬

‫ּתַ׃שבָה‬ ‫ומ נ‬

‫ּתקֹ ֵמָה‬ ‫ּתסֹ ֵבָה‬

‫וב נ‬ ‫ַל נ‬

‫ּתג ֶיָה‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ַט‬

‫נק ֵל‬ ‫נֵַׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וֵ‬

‫נַ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫נקֹ ֵם‬ ‫נסֹ ֵב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ַל‬

‫נג ֶה‬

‫‪PIEL ALL THE REST COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫)‪(Polel‬‬ ‫)‪(Polel‬‬

‫‪Impv 2ms‬‬

‫ַט‬

‫ק ֵל‬ ‫ֵַׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫יֵ‬

‫ַ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ֵם‬ ‫סֹ ֵב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ַל‬

‫ּג ֵה‬

‫‪Impv 2fs‬‬

‫ק ל‬

‫ַט ִי‬ ‫ַּגׁשי‬

‫נ ִ‬ ‫י ב‬

‫ַ׃ש ִי‬ ‫ו מ‬

‫קֹמ ִי‬ ‫סֹב ִי‬

‫ו ב‬ ‫ַל‬

‫ּג ִי‬

‫‪Impv 2mp‬‬

‫ק‬

‫ַטלּו‬ ‫ַּגׁשּו‬‫נ‬ ‫ַ׃שבּו‬‫י‬ ‫קֹממּו‬‫ו‬ ‫סֹבבּו‬

‫ו‬ ‫ּג‬

‫ַלּו‬

‫‪Impv 2fp‬‬

‫ַט נ‬

‫ק ֵלָה‬ ‫ֵַׁשָה‬

‫נּג נ‬ ‫יֵ נ‬

‫ַ׃שבָה‬ ‫ומ נ‬

‫קֹ ֵמָה‬ ‫סֹ ֵבָה‬

‫וב נ‬ ‫ַל נ‬

‫ּג ֶיָה‬

‫.‪Inf. Abs‬‬

‫ַטֹל‬ ‫ק‬ ‫נּג‬

‫ֵַׁש‬ ‫יֵ‬

‫ַ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ֵם‬ ‫וב‬

‫סֹ ֵב‬ ‫ַלֹה‬ ‫ּג‬

‫.‪Inf. Cons‬‬

‫ַט‬

‫ק ֵל‬ ‫ֵַׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫יֵ‬

‫ַ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ֵם‬ ‫סֹ ֵב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ּג ו‬

‫ַלֹת‬

‫‪Participle‬‬

‫ַט‬

‫מק ֵל‬ ‫מֵַׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫יֵ‬

‫מַ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫מקֹ ֵם‬ ‫מסֹ ֵב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ַל‬

‫מג ֶה‬

‫‪PUAL AFFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫)‪(Polal‬‬ ‫)‪(Polal‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫ק ַל‬ ‫ַֺׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ֺ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ַם‬ ‫סֹ ַב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ֺל‬

‫ּג ָה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ק ל‬

‫ֺט ָה‬ ‫ֺּגׁשה‬

‫נ ָ‬ ‫י ב‬

‫ֺ׃ש ָה‬ ‫ו מ‬

‫קֹמ ָה‬ ‫סֹב ָה‬

‫ו ב‬ ‫ּג ת‬

‫ֺל ָה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ֺט ָ‬

‫ק ַלּת‬ ‫ַֺׁשּת‬

‫נּג ָ‬ ‫יַ ָ‬

‫ֺ׃שבּת‬ ‫ומ ָ‬

‫קֹ ַמּת‬ ‫סֹ ַבּת‬

‫וב ָ‬ ‫ֺל ָ‬

‫ּג ֵית‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫ק ַלּת‬ ‫ַֺׁשּת‬‫נּג‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ֺ׃שבּת‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ַמּת‬ ‫סֹ ַבּת‬

‫וב‬ ‫ֺל‬

‫ּג ֵית‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ֺ ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ִי‬ ‫ַֺׁש ִי‬

‫נּג ּת‬ ‫י ַ ּת‬

‫ֺ׃שב ִי‬ ‫ומ ּת‬

‫קֹ ַמ ִי‬ ‫סֹ ַב ִי‬

‫וב ּת‬ ‫ֺל ת‬

‫ּג ֵי ִי‬

‫‪3cp‬‬

‫ֺטלּו‬‫ק‬ ‫ֺּגׁשּו‬‫נ‬ ‫י‬

‫ֺ׃שבּו‬ ‫ו‬

‫קֹממּו‬ ‫ו‬

‫סֹבבּו‬ ‫ּג‬

‫ֺלּו‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ֺ ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ֶם‬ ‫ַֺׁש ֶם‬

‫נּג ּת‬ ‫י ַ ּת‬

‫ֺ׃שב ֶם‬ ‫ומ ּת‬

‫קֹ ַמ ֶם‬ ‫סֹ ַב ֶם‬

‫וב ּת‬ ‫ֺל ת‬

‫ּג ֵי ֶם‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ֺ ט ּת‬

‫ק ַל ֶן‬ ‫ַֺׁש ֶן‬

‫נּג ּת‬ ‫י ַ ּת‬

‫ֺ׃שב ֶן‬ ‫ומ ּת‬

‫קֹ ַמ ֶן‬ ‫סֹ ַב ֶן‬

‫וב ּת‬ ‫ֺל ת‬

‫ּג ֵי ֶן‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫ק ַלנּו‬ ‫ַֺׁשנּו‬‫נּג‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ֺ׃שבנּו‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ַמנּו‬ ‫סֹ ַבנּו‬

‫וב‬ ‫ֺל‬

‫ּג ֵינּו‬

‫‪PUAL PREFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫)‪(Polal‬‬ ‫)‪(Polal‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫יק ַל‬ ‫יַֺׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וַ‬

‫יֺ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫יקֹ ַם‬ ‫יסֹ ַב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ֺל‬

‫יג ֶה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫ּתק ַל‬ ‫ּתַֺׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וַ‬

‫ּתֺ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫ּתקֹ ַם‬ ‫ּתסֹ ַב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ֺל‬

‫ּתג ֶה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫ּתק ַל‬ ‫ּתַֺׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וַ‬

‫ּתֺ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫ּתקֹ ַם‬ ‫ּתסֹ ַב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ֺל‬

‫ּתג ֶה‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ק ִ‬

‫ּת ֺטל‬ ‫ּתֺּגׁשי‬

‫נ ִ‬ ‫ו ב‬

‫ּתֺ׃ש ִי‬ ‫ו מ‬

‫ּתקֹמ ִי‬ ‫ּתסֹב ִי‬

‫ו ב‬ ‫ֺל‬

‫ּתג ִי‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ֲ ֺט‬

‫אק ַל‬ ‫אַֺׁש‬

‫ֲ נּג‬ ‫ֲו ַ‬

‫אֺ׃שב‬ ‫א ומ‬

‫ֲקֹ ַם‬ ‫ֲסֹ ַב‬

‫א וב‬ ‫ֲ ֺל‬

‫אג ֶה‬

‫‪3mp‬‬

‫ק‬

‫י ֺטלּו‬ ‫יֺּגׁשּו‬

‫נ‬ ‫ו‬

‫יֺ׃שבּו‬ ‫ו‬

‫יקֹממּו‬ ‫יסֹבבּו‬

‫ו‬ ‫ג‬

‫יֺלּו‬

‫‪3fp‬‬

‫ֺט נ‬

‫ּתק ַלָה‬ ‫ּתַֺׁשָה‬

‫נּג נ‬ ‫וַ נ‬

‫ּתֺ׃שבָה‬ ‫ומ נ‬

‫ּתקֹ ַמָה‬ ‫ּתסֹ ַבָה‬

‫וב נ‬ ‫ֺל נ‬

‫ּתג ֶיָה‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ק‬

‫ּת ֺטלּו‬ ‫ּתֺּגׁשּו‬

‫נ‬ ‫ו‬

‫ּתֺ׃שבּו‬ ‫ו‬

‫ּתקֹממּו‬ ‫ּתסֹבבּו‬

‫ו‬ ‫ג‬

‫ּתֺלּו‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ֺט נ‬

‫ּתק ַלָה‬ ‫ּתַֺׁשָה‬

‫נּג נ‬ ‫וַ נ‬

‫ּתֺ׃שבָה‬ ‫ומ נ‬

‫ּתקֹ ַמָה‬ ‫ּתסֹ ַבָה‬

‫וב נ‬ ‫ֺל נ‬

‫ּתג ֶיָה‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫נק ַל‬ ‫נַֺׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וַ‬

‫נֺ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫נקֹ ַם‬ ‫נסֹ ַב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ֺל‬

‫נג ֶה‬

‫‪PUAL ALL THE REST COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫)‪(Polal‬‬ ‫)‪(Polal‬‬

‫.‪Inf. Abs‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫ק ַל‬ ‫ַֺׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ֺ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ַם‬ ‫סֹ ַב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ֺלֹה‬‫ּג‬

‫.‪Inf. Cons‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫ק ַל‬ ‫ַֺׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫יַ‬

‫ֺ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫קֹ ַם‬ ‫סֹ ַב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ּג ו‬

‫ֺלֹת‬

‫‪Participle‬‬

‫ֺט‬

‫מק ָל‬ ‫מָֺׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫נָ‬

‫מֺ׃שב‬ ‫ומ‬

‫מקֹ ָם‬ ‫מסֹ ָב‬

‫וב‬ ‫ֺל‬

‫מג ֶה‬



‫‪HIPHIL AFFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬



‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ִק ִיל‬ ‫הִיׁש‬

‫ִ ּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫הֹׁשיב‬ ‫ֵק‬

‫ה ִים‬ ‫ה ֵב‬

‫ֵס‬ ‫הל‬

‫ִג ָה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ה טל‬

‫ִק ִי ָה‬ ‫הִיׁשה‬

‫ִ ּג ָ‬ ‫וִ ב‬

‫הֹׁשי ָה‬ ‫ֵק מ‬

‫ה ִי ָה‬ ‫הס ָה‬

‫ֵ ֵ ּב‬ ‫ה ת‬

‫ִגל ָה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ה ט ָ‬

‫ִק ַלּת‬ ‫הַׁשּת‬

‫ִ ּג ָ‬ ‫וַ ָ‬

‫הֹׁשבּת‬ ‫ֲק ו ָ‬

‫ה ִימֹת‬ ‫ה ִּבֹת‬

‫ֲס ו ָ‬ ‫הלָ‬

‫ִג ִית‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ִק ַלּת‬ ‫הַׁשּת‬

‫ִ ּג‬ ‫וַ‬

‫הֹׁשבּת‬ ‫ֲק ו‬

‫ה ִימֹת‬ ‫ה ִּבֹת‬

‫ֲס ו‬ ‫הל‬

‫ִג ִית‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ה ט ּת‬

‫ִק ַל ִי‬ ‫הַׁש ִי‬

‫ִ ּג ּת‬ ‫ו ַ ּת‬

‫הֹׁשב ִי‬ ‫ֲ ק ות‬

‫ה ִימֹ ִי‬ ‫ה ִּבֹ ִי‬

‫ֲ ס ות‬ ‫ִ לת‬

‫הג ִי ִי‬

‫‪3cp‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ִק ִילוֽ‬ ‫הִיׁשּו‬

‫ִ ּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫הֹׁשיבּו‬ ‫ֵק‬

‫ה ִימּו‬ ‫ה ֵּבּו‬

‫ֵס‬ ‫ה‬

‫ִגלּו‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ה ט ּת‬

‫ִק ַל ֶם‬ ‫הַׁש ֶם‬

‫ִ ּג ּת‬ ‫ַ ּת‬

‫הֹוׁשב ֶם‬ ‫ֲ ק ות‬

‫ה ִימֹ ֶם‬ ‫ה ִּבֹ ֶם‬

‫ֲ ס ות‬ ‫הלת‬

‫ִג ִי ֶם‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ה ט ּת‬

‫ִק ַל ֶן‬ ‫הַׁש ֶן‬

‫ִ ּג ּת‬ ‫ו ַ ּת‬

‫הֹׁשב ֶן‬ ‫ֲ ק ות‬

‫ה ִימֹ ֶן‬ ‫ה ִּבֹ ֶן‬

‫ֲ ס ות‬ ‫הלת‬

‫ִג ִי ֶן‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ִק ַלנּו‬ ‫הַׁשנּו‬

‫ִ ּג‬ ‫וַ‬

‫הֹׁשבנּו‬ ‫ֲק‬

‫ה ִימֹנּו‬ ‫ה ִּבֹנּו‬

‫ֲס ו‬ ‫הל‬

‫ִג ִינּו‬

‫‪HIPHIL PREFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬



‫‪3ms‬‬

‫י ת‬

‫ַק ִיל‬ ‫ִַיׁש‬

‫יּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫יֹׁשיב‬ ‫יק‬

‫ָ ִים‬ ‫ָ ֵב‬

‫יס‬ ‫יל‬

‫ַג ֶה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ּת ט‬

‫ַק ִיל‬ ‫ּתִיׁש‬

‫ַ ּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫ּתֹׁשיב‬ ‫ָק‬

‫ּת ִים‬ ‫ּת ֵב‬

‫ָס‬ ‫ּת ל‬

‫ַג ֶה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ּת ט‬

‫ַק ִיל‬ ‫ּתִיׁש‬

‫ַ ּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫ּתֹׁשיב‬ ‫ָק‬

‫ּת ִים‬ ‫ּת ֵב‬

‫ָס‬ ‫ּת ל‬

‫ַג ֶה‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ּת ט ל‬

‫ַק ִי ִי‬ ‫ּתִיׁשי‬

‫ַ ּג ִ‬ ‫וִ ב‬

‫ּתֹׁשי ִי‬ ‫ָק מ‬

‫ּת ִי ִי‬ ‫ּתס ִי‬

‫ָ ֵ ּב‬ ‫ּת ל‬

‫ַג ִי‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ט‬

‫ׅשק ִיל‬ ‫ׅשִיׁש‬

‫ּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫אֹׁשיב‬ ‫ק‬

‫׆ש ִים‬ ‫׆ש ֵב‬

‫ס‬ ‫ל‬

‫ׅשג ֶה‬

‫‪3mp‬‬

‫י ט‬

‫ַק ִילּו‬ ‫ִַיׁשּו‬

‫יּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫יֹׁשיבּו‬ ‫יק‬

‫ָ ִימּו‬ ‫ָ ֵּבּו‬

‫יס‬ ‫י‬

‫ַגלּו‬

‫‪3fp‬‬

‫ּת ֵ נ‬

‫ַקטלָה‬ ‫ּתֵׁשָה‬

‫ַ ּג נ‬ ‫וֵ נ‬

‫ּתֹׁשבָה‬ ‫ָק נ‬

‫ּת ֵמָה‬ ‫ּתס ֶיָה‬

‫ִ ּב נ‬ ‫ּת ל נ‬

‫ַג ֶיָה‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ּת ט‬

‫ַק ִילּו‬ ‫ּתִיׁשּו‬

‫ּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫ּתֹׁשיבּו‬ ‫ָק‬

‫ּת ִימּו‬ ‫ּת ֵּבּו‬

‫ָס‬ ‫ַגלּו‬‫ּת‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ּת ט נ‬

‫ַק ֵלָה‬ ‫ּתֵׁשָה‬

‫ַ ּג נ‬ ‫וֵ נ‬

‫ּתֹׁשבָה‬ ‫ָק נ‬

‫ּת ֵמָה‬ ‫ּתס ֶיָה‬

‫ִ ּב נ‬ ‫ּת ל נ‬

‫ַג ֶיָה‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫נ ט‬

‫ַק ִיל‬ ‫ִַיׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫נֹׁשיב‬ ‫נק‬

‫ָ ִים‬ ‫ָ ֵב‬

‫נס‬ ‫נל‬

‫ַג ֶה‬

‫‪HIPHIL ALL THE REST COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬



‫‪Impv 2ms‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ַק ֵל‬ ‫הֵׁש‬

‫ַ ּג‬ ‫וֵ‬

‫הֹׁשב‬ ‫ָק‬

‫ה ֵם‬ ‫ה ֵב‬

‫ָס‬ ‫הל‬

‫ַג ֵה‬

‫‪Impv 2fs‬‬

‫ה טל‬

‫ַק ִי ִי‬ ‫הִיׁשי‬

‫ַ ּג ִ‬ ‫וִ ב‬

‫הֹׁשי ִי‬ ‫ָק מ‬

‫ה ִי ִי‬ ‫הס ִי‬

‫ָ ֵ ּב‬ ‫הל‬

‫ַג ִי‬

‫‪Impv 2mp‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ַק ִילּו‬ ‫הִיׁשּו‬

‫ַ ּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫הֹׁשיבּו‬ ‫ָק‬

‫ה ִימּו‬ ‫ה ֵּבּו‬

‫ָס‬ ‫ה‬

‫ַגלּו‬

‫‪Impv 2fp‬‬

‫ה ט נ‬

‫ַק ֵלָה‬ ‫הֵׁשָה‬

‫ַ ּג נ‬ ‫וֶ נ‬

‫הֹׁשבָה‬ ‫ָק נ‬

‫ה ֵמָה‬ ‫הס ֶיָה‬

‫ֲ ִ ּב נ‬ ‫הלנ‬

‫ַג ֶיָה‬

‫.‪Inf. Abs‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ַק ֵל‬ ‫הֵׁש‬

‫ַ ּג‬ ‫וֵ‬

‫הֹׁשב‬ ‫ָק‬

‫ה ֵם‬ ‫ה ֵב‬

‫ָס‬ ‫הל‬

‫ַג ֵה‬

‫.‪Inf. Cons‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ַק ִיל‬ ‫הִיׁש‬

‫ַ ּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫הֹׁשיב‬ ‫ָק‬

‫ה ִים‬ ‫ה ֵב‬

‫ָס‬ ‫ה ו‬

‫ַגלֹת‬

‫‪Participle‬‬

‫מ ִ‬

‫ַקטיל‬ ‫מִיׁש‬

‫ַ ּג‬ ‫וִ‬

‫מֹׁשיב‬ ‫ֵק‬

‫מ ִים‬ ‫מ ֵב‬

‫ֵס‬ ‫מל‬

‫ַג ֶה‬

‫‪HOPHAL AFFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬



‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ָק ַל‬ ‫הַׁש‬

‫ֺ ּג‬ ‫ַ‬

‫הּוׁשב‬ ‫ק‬

‫הּו ַם‬ ‫הּו ַב‬

‫ס‬ ‫הל‬

‫ָג ָה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ה ל‬

‫ָקט ָה‬ ‫ֺּגׁשה‬

‫ה ָ‬ ‫ב‬

‫הּוׁש ָה‬ ‫מ‬

‫הּוק ָה‬ ‫הּוס ָה‬

‫ַ ּב‬ ‫ה ת‬

‫ָגל ָה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ה ט ָ‬

‫ָק ַלּת‬ ‫הַׁשּת‬

‫ֺ ּג ָ‬ ‫ַ ָ‬

‫הּוׁשבּת‬ ‫ק ָ‬

‫הּו ַמּת‬ ‫הּו ַּבֹת‬

‫ס וָ‬ ‫הלָ‬

‫ָג ֵית‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ָק ַלּת‬ ‫הַׁשּת‬‫ֺ ּג‬ ‫ַ‬

‫הּוׁשבּת‬ ‫ק‬

‫הּו ַמּת‬ ‫הּו ַּבֹת‬

‫ס ו‬ ‫הל‬

‫ָג ֵית‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ה ט ּת‬

‫ָק ַל ִי‬ ‫הַׁש ִי‬

‫ֺ ּג ּת‬ ‫ַ ּת‬

‫הּוׁשב ִי‬ ‫ק ּת‬

‫הּו ַמ ִי‬ ‫הּו ַּבֹ ִי‬

‫ס ות‬ ‫הל ה‬

‫ָג ֵית ִי‬

‫‪3cp‬‬

‫ָקטלּו‬‫ה‬ ‫ֺּגׁשּו‬‫ה‬ ‫הּוׁשבּו‬ ‫הּוקמּו‬ ‫הּו ַּבּו‬

‫ס‬ ‫ה‬

‫ָגלּו‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ה ט ּת‬

‫ָק ַל ֶם‬ ‫הַׁש ֶם‬

‫ֺ ּג ּת‬ ‫ַ ּת‬

‫הּוׁשב ֶם‬ ‫ק ּת‬

‫הּו ַמ ֶם‬ ‫הּו ַּבֹ ֶם‬

‫ס ות‬ ‫הלת‬

‫ָג ֵי ֶם‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ה ט ּת‬

‫ָק ַל ֶן‬ ‫הַׁש ֶן‬

‫ֺ ּג ּת‬ ‫ַ ּת‬

‫הּוׁשב ֶן‬ ‫ק ּת‬

‫הּו ַמ ֶן‬ ‫הּו ַּבֹ ֶן‬

‫ס ות‬ ‫הלת‬

‫ָג ֵי ֶן‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ָק ַלנּו‬ ‫הַׁשנּו‬‫ֺ ּג‬ ‫ַ‬

‫הּוׁשבנּו‬ ‫ק‬

‫הּו ַמנּו‬ ‫הּו ַּבֹנּו‬

‫ס ו‬ ‫הל‬

‫ָג ֵינּו‬

‫‪HOPHAL PREFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬



‫‪3ms‬‬

‫י ט‬

‫ָק ַל‬ ‫ַֺׁש‬

‫יּג‬ ‫ַ‬

‫יּוׁשב‬ ‫יּוקם‬ ‫יּו ַב‬

‫ס‬ ‫יל‬

‫ָג ֶה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ּת ט‬

‫ָק ַל‬ ‫ּתַׁש‬

‫ֺ ּג‬ ‫ַ‬

‫ּתּוׁשב‬ ‫ק‬

‫ּתּו ַם‬ ‫ּתּו ַב‬

‫ס‬ ‫ּת ל‬

‫ָג ֶה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ּת ט‬

‫ָק ַל‬ ‫ּתַׁש‬

‫ֺ ּג‬ ‫ַ‬

‫ּתּוׁשב‬ ‫ק‬

‫ּתּו ַם‬ ‫ּתּו ַב‬

‫ס‬ ‫ּת ל‬

‫ָג ֶה‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ּת ל‬

‫ָקט ִי‬ ‫ֺּגׁשי‬

‫ּת ִ‬ ‫ב‬

‫ּתּוׁש ִי‬ ‫מ‬

‫ּתּוק ִי‬ ‫ּתּוס ִי‬

‫ַ ּב‬ ‫ּת ל‬

‫ָג ִי‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ט‬

‫׆שק ַל‬ ‫אַׁש‬

‫ֺ ּג‬ ‫ַ‬

‫אּוׁשב‬ ‫ק‬

‫אּו ַם‬ ‫אּו ַב‬

‫ס‬ ‫ל‬

‫׆שג ֶה‬

‫‪3mp‬‬

‫ָקטלּו‬‫י‬ ‫ֺּגׁשּו‬‫י‬ ‫יּוׁשבּו‬ ‫יּוקמּו‬ ‫יּו ַּבּו‬

‫ס‬ ‫י‬

‫ָגלּו‬

‫‪3fp‬‬

‫ּת ט נ‬

‫ָק ַלָה‬ ‫ּתַׁשָה‬

‫ֺ ּג נ‬ ‫ַ נ‬

‫תּוׁשבָה‬ ‫נ‬

‫ּתּוקמָה‬ ‫ּתּוס ֶיָה‬

‫ַ ּב נ‬ ‫ּת ל נ‬

‫ָג ֶיָה‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ַקטלּו‬‫ּת‬ ‫ֺּגׁשּו‬‫ּת‬ ‫ּתּוׁשבּו‬ ‫ּתּוקמּו‬ ‫ּתּו ַּבּו‬

‫ס‬ ‫ָגלּו‬‫ּת‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ּת ט נ‬

‫ָק ַלָה‬ ‫ּתַׁשָה‬

‫ֺ ּג נ‬ ‫ַ נ‬

‫תּוׁשבָה‬ ‫נ‬

‫ּתּוקמָה‬ ‫ּתּוס ֶיָה‬

‫ַ ּב נ‬ ‫ּת ל נ‬

‫ָג ֶיָה‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫נ ט‬

‫ָק ַל‬ ‫ַֺׁש‬

‫נּג‬ ‫ַ‬

‫נּוׁשב‬ ‫ק‬

‫נּו ַם‬ ‫נּו ַב‬

‫ס‬ ‫נל‬

‫ָג ֶה‬

‫‪HOPHAL ALL THE REST COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬



‫.‪Inf. Abs‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ָק ֵל‬ ‫הֵׁש‬

‫ֺ ּג‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫הּוׁשב‬ ‫ק‬

‫הּו ֵם‬ ‫הּו ֵב‬

‫ס‬ ‫הל‬

‫ָג ֵה‬

‫.‪Inf. Cons‬‬

‫ה ט‬

‫ָק ַל‬ ‫הַׁש‬

‫ֺ ּג‬ ‫ַ‬

‫הּוׁשב‬ ‫ק‬

‫הּו ַם‬ ‫הּו ַב‬

‫ס‬ ‫ה ו‬

‫ָגלֹת‬

‫‪Participle‬‬

‫מ ט‬

‫ָק ָל‬ ‫מָׁש‬

‫ֺ ּג‬ ‫ָ‬

‫מּוׁשב‬ ‫ק‬

‫מּו ָם‬ ‫מּו ָב‬

‫ס‬ ‫מל‬

‫ָג ֶה‬



‫‪HITPAEL AFFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫)‪(Hitpolel‬‬ ‫)‪(Hitpolel‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫ה ַט‬

‫ִתק ֵל‬ ‫ִתֵַׁש‬

‫ה נּג‬ ‫ה וֵ‬

‫ִתַ׃שב‬ ‫ה ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵב‬

‫ה וב‬ ‫ה ּגל‬

‫ִתַ ָה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ה ק ל‬

‫ִת ַט ָה‬ ‫ִתַּגׁשה‬

‫ה נ ָ‬ ‫ה ו ָ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבה‬ ‫ה ו מ‬

‫ִתקֹמ ָה‬ ‫ִסּתֹבבה‬

‫ה ו ָ‬ ‫ה ּג ת‬

‫ִתַל ָה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ה ַט ָ‬

‫ִתק ַלּת‬ ‫ִתַַׁשּת‬

‫ה נּג ָ‬ ‫ה וַ ָ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבּת‬ ‫ה ומ ָ‬

‫ִתקֹ ַמּת‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ַבּת‬

‫ה וב ָ‬ ‫ה ּגל ָ‬

‫ִתַ ִית‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ה ַט‬

‫ִתק ַלּת‬ ‫ִתַַׁשּת‬

‫ה נּג‬ ‫ה וַ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבּת‬ ‫ה ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ַמּת‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ַבּת‬

‫ה וב‬ ‫ה ּגל‬

‫ִתַ ִית‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫ה ַט ִ‬

‫ִתק ַלּתי‬ ‫ִתַַׁש ִי‬

‫ה נּג ּת‬ ‫ה ו ַ ּת‬

‫ִתַ׃שב ִי‬ ‫ִ ומ ִ‬

‫התקֹ ַמּתי‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ַב ִי‬

‫ה וב ּת‬ ‫ה ּגל ִ‬

‫ִתַ ִיתי‬

‫‪3cp‬‬

‫ה ק‬

‫ִת ַטלּו‬ ‫ִתַּגׁשּו‬

‫ה נ‬ ‫ה וַ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבּו‬ ‫ה ו‬

‫ִתקֹממּו‬ ‫ִסּתֹבבּו‬

‫ה ו‬ ‫ה ּג‬

‫ִתַלּו‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ה ַט ֶ‬

‫ִתק ַלּתם‬ ‫ִתַַׁש ֶם‬

‫ה נּג ת‬ ‫ה ו ַ ּת‬

‫ִתַ׃שב ֶם‬ ‫ה ומ ֶ‬

‫ִתקֹ ַמּתם‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ַב ֶם‬

‫ה וב ּת‬ ‫ה ּגל ֶ‬

‫ִתַ ִיתם‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ה ַט ֶ‬

‫ִתק ַלּתן‬ ‫התַַׁשּתן‬

‫ִ נּג ֶ‬ ‫ה ו ַ ּת‬

‫ִתַ׃שב ֶן‬ ‫ה ומ ֶ‬

‫ִתקֹ ַמּתן‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ַב ֶן‬

‫ה וב ּת‬ ‫ה ּגל ֶ‬

‫ִתַ ִיתן‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫ה ַט‬

‫ִתק ַלנּו‬ ‫ִתַַׁשנּו‬

‫ה נּג‬ ‫ה וַ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבנּו‬ ‫ה ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ַמנּו‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ַבנּו‬

‫ה וב‬ ‫ה ּגל‬

‫ִתַ ִינּו‬

‫‪HITPAEL PREFIX COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬





‫‪PGN‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫)‪(Hitpolel‬‬ ‫)‪(Hitpolel‬‬

‫‪3ms‬‬

‫י ַט‬

‫ִתק ֵל‬ ‫ִתֵַׁש‬

‫י נּג‬ ‫י יֵ‬

‫ִתַ׃שב‬ ‫י ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵב‬

‫י וב‬ ‫י ּגל‬

‫ִתַ ֶה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬

‫ּת ַ ט‬

‫ִתק ֵל‬ ‫ִתֵַׁש‬

‫ּת נּג‬ ‫ּת י ֵ‬

‫ִתַ׃שב‬ ‫ּת ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵב‬

‫ּת וב‬ ‫ּת ּגל‬

‫ִתַ ֶה‬

‫‪2ms‬‬

‫ּת ַ ט‬

‫ִתק ֵל‬ ‫ִתֵַׁש‬

‫ּת נּג‬ ‫ּת י ֵ‬

‫ִתַ׃שב‬ ‫ּת ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ִסּתֹבב‬

‫ּת ו ֵ‬ ‫ּת ּגל‬

‫ִתַ ֶה‬

‫‪2fs‬‬

‫ּת ק ל‬

‫ִת ַט ִי‬ ‫ִתַּגׁשי‬

‫ּת נ ִ‬ ‫ּת י ִ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבי‬ ‫ּת ו מ‬

‫ִתקֹמ ִי‬ ‫ִסּתֹבבי‬

‫ּת ו ִ‬ ‫ּת ּגל‬

‫ִתַ ִי‬

‫‪1cs‬‬

‫א ַט‬

‫ֶתק ֵל‬ ‫ֶתֵַׁש‬

‫א נּג‬ ‫א יֵ‬

‫ֶתַ׃שב‬ ‫א ומ‬

‫ֶתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ֶסּתֹ ֵב‬

‫א וב‬ ‫א ַל‬

‫ֶתּג ֶה‬

‫‪3mp‬‬

‫י ק‬

‫ִת ַטלּו‬ ‫ִתַּגׁשּו‬

‫י נ‬ ‫י י‬

‫ִתַ׃שבּו‬ ‫י ו‬

‫ִתקֹממּו‬ ‫ִסּתֹבבּו‬

‫י ו‬ ‫י ּג‬

‫ִתַלּו‬

‫‪3fp‬‬

‫ּת ַ ט נ‬

‫ִתק ַלָה‬ ‫ִתֵַׁשָה‬

‫ּת נּג נ‬ ‫ּת י ֵ נ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבָה‬ ‫ּת ומ נ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵמָה‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵבָה‬

‫ּת וב נ‬ ‫ּת ּגל נ‬

‫ִתַ ֶיָה‬

‫‪2mp‬‬

‫ּת ק‬

‫ִת ַטלּו‬ ‫ִתַּגׁשּו‬

‫ּת נ‬ ‫ּת י‬

‫ִתַ׃שבּו‬ ‫ּת ו‬

‫ִתקֹממּו‬ ‫ִסּתֹבבּו‬

‫ּת ו‬ ‫ּת ּג‬

‫ִתַלּו‬

‫‪2fp‬‬

‫ּת ַ ט נ‬

‫ִתק ַלָה‬ ‫ִתֵַׁשָה‬

‫ּת נּג נ‬ ‫ּת י ֵ נ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבָה‬ ‫ּת ומ נ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵמָה‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵבָה‬

‫ּת וב נ‬ ‫ּת ּגל נ‬

‫ִתַ ֶיָה‬

‫‪1cp‬‬

‫נ ַט‬

‫ִתק ֵל‬ ‫ִתֵַׁש‬

‫נ נּג‬ ‫נ יֵ‬

‫ִתַ׃שב‬ ‫נ ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ִסּתֹו ֵב‬

‫נ ב‬ ‫נ ַל‬

‫ִתּג ֶה‬

‫‪HITPAEL ALL THE REST COMPARATIVE CHART‬‬



‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪1st Nun‬‬ ‫‪1st Yod‬‬ ‫‪Hollow‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪3rd He‬‬

‫)‪(Hitpolel‬‬ ‫)‪(Hitpolel‬‬

‫‪Impv 2ms‬‬

‫ה ַט‬

‫ִתק ֵל‬ ‫ִתֵַׁש‬

‫ה נּג‬ ‫ה וֵ‬

‫ִתַ׃שב‬ ‫ה ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵב‬

‫ה וב‬ ‫ה ּגל‬

‫ִתַ ֵה‬

‫‪Impv 2fs‬‬

‫ה ק ל‬

‫ִת ַט ִי‬ ‫ִתַּגׁשי‬

‫ה נ ִ‬ ‫ה ו ִ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבי‬ ‫ה ו מ‬

‫ִתקֹמ ִי‬ ‫ִסּתֹבבי‬

‫ה ו ִ‬ ‫ה ּגל‬

‫ִתַ ִי‬

‫‪Impv 2mp‬‬

‫ה ק‬

‫ִת ַטלּו‬ ‫ִתַּגׁשּו‬

‫ה נ‬ ‫ה ו‬

‫ִתַ׃שבּו‬ ‫ה ו‬

‫ִתקֹממּו‬ ‫ִסּתֹבבּו‬

‫ה ו‬ ‫ה ּג‬

‫ִתַלּו‬

‫‪Impv 2fp‬‬

‫ִ ַט נ‬

‫התק ֵלָה‬ ‫ִתֵַׁשָה‬

‫ה נּג נ‬ ‫ה וֵ נ‬

‫ִתַ׃שבָה‬ ‫ה ומ נ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵמָה‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵבָה‬

‫ה וב נ‬ ‫ה ּגל נ‬

‫ִתַ ֶיָה‬

‫.‪Inf. Abs‬‬

‫ה ק‬

‫ִת ַטֹל‬ ‫ִתֵַׁש‬

‫ה נּג‬ ‫ה וֵ‬

‫ִתַ׃שב‬ ‫ה ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵב‬

‫ה וב‬ ‫ִתַלֹה‬‫ה ּג‬

‫.‪Inf. Cons‬‬

‫ה ַט‬

‫ִתק ֵל‬ ‫ִתֵַׁש‬

‫ה נּג‬ ‫ה וֵ‬

‫ִתַ׃שב‬ ‫ה ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵב‬

‫ה וב‬ ‫ה ּג ו‬

‫ִתַלֹת‬

‫‪Participle‬‬

‫מ ַט‬

‫ִתק ֵל‬ ‫ִתֵַׁש‬

‫מ נּג‬ ‫מ וֵ‬

‫ִתַ׃שב‬ ‫מ ומ‬

‫ִתקֹ ֵם‬ ‫ִסּתֹ ֵב‬

‫מ וב‬ ‫מ ַל‬

‫ִתּג ֶה‬



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