Rock On!
By:
Kelcie Kawakami, Katie Guza, Lauren
Masters, Nicole Warburton, Laura
Newcombe
What is Rock?
Consolidated or
unconsolidated solid
mineral matter
Different types of
rock:
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Rock Cycle
The Rock Cycle
Began when earth was volcanic
Igneous rocks are broken into sediments
by erosion and weathering
They’re compacted together to form
sedimentary rocks
The Rock Cycle
Then, they were buried underground and
the head and pressure made them
metamorphic rocks
Then, they meet again and become
igneous rock
Part 1 of the Rock Cycle
It starts with a
volcanic eruption.
Depending on where
the lava cools, it can
make one of two
types of igneous rock.
Magma
Molten/partially molten
rock beneath the earths
surface
Magma forms when
rock is heated by high
temperatures beneath
the earth’s surface
(between 625 and
1200° Celsius)
Magma
Magma consists of:
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Gold
Silver
Magma
Products used for
road -building,
construction,
manufacturing,
landscaping
Crushed lava rock
Pumice
Cinders
Magma
They’re good for
pollution-free
thermal/electric
energy
ex. Steam from the
geysers of No. Cal
has enough energy
to produce the
electricity needed
for San Francisco
Igneous Rocks
Rock that forms
when molten rock
cools and hardens
Called fire rocks
Igneous Rocks
Factors that
influence when
melting occurs are:
Chemistry,
material,
pressure,
presence of
gases in the rock
Types of Igneous Rock
Granite
Scoria
Pumice
Obsidian
Pumice
Lava that cools
quickly above
ground
Floats in water
Granite
Formed by slowly
cooling pockets of
magma trapped under
earth
Used for long-lasting
monuments,
decoration etc
Scoria
Lava cooling quickly
above ground
It’s a type of glass not
a mix of minerals
Obsidian
Lava cools above
ground
Sharp edges, is a
glass
Extrusive Rocks
Above Ground
When volcanoes
erupt, the magma
that is visible above
the earth is called
lava
Intrusive Rocks
Below Ground
Formed when
magma from deep
within the earth is
trapped
When its cooled,
it’s called igneous
Part 2 Of the Rock Cycle
Particles from the earth are transported down
Creates a level of sediment
– Makes sedimentary rocks.
Four cycles of Sedimentary rocks:
Weathering
Transportation
Deposition
Lithification.
Sedimentary Rocks
Made as layers of
material settle into
each other over time
They’re created from
hardened sediment,
therefore they are
sedimentary rocks
Spotting Sedimentary Rocks
Layers, bands, or
stripes across them
Contain fossils of
animals and plants
Scrapes easily
Crumbles easily
Clastic and Nonclastic
Sedimentary Rocks
Both contain:
Fossils
Ripple marks
Mud cracks
Raindrops from when the rock was formed
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Formed by weather
Examples
– When rocks
break down into
pebbles, sand,
or clay due to
wind, ice, and
water
Nonclastic Sedimentary Rocks
Formed from
chemical reactions
(usually in the ocean)
Examples:
Limestone
Rock Salt
Rock Gypsum
Chert
Classification of Sedimentary
Rocks
Conglomerate
Coarse, rounded grains
64mm-256mm
Breccia
Coarse, angular grains
2mm-64mm
Sandstone
Grains
2mm-1/16mm
Shale
Part 3 Of the Rock Cycle
Creation of metamorphic rocks
Sedimentary rocks are pushed down
– Depending on the temperature and
pressure that the rock is subjected to, it can
create different types of metamorphic rock.
Metamorphic Rocks
Rocks that have been
changed physically
(structurally or
mineralogically) by heat,
pressure, or chemically
active fluids
“metamorphic” means “to
change form”
Metamorphic Rocks
Affect of changes in temperature and pressure:
Minerals in the rock rearrange themselves
into layers
OR they recrystallize into bigger crystals
They do not melt…if they did melt, they would
turn into magma and therefore start the rock
cycle over again
Characteristics of Metamorphic
Rocks
Have the texture of interlocking grains
Layers
Light and dark stripes or bands
Makes a “ching” noise rather than a “chunk”
noise when tapped
Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
When the rocks experience unequal pressure,
the rock’s minerals rearrange themselves to
reduce the overall pressure on the rock
These rocks look striped
Minerals
Inorganic
Have identical chemical makeup and also their
crystal shape.
If there is metal in them , they are shiny.
If there is no metal, they are dull.
Examples of Minerals
Gold
Silver
Platinum
Copper
Graphite
Mercury
Sulfur
Plate Tectonics
It is responsible for part of the rock cycle
Recycles rock materials
Creates the movement for the rock
cycle.
Types of Igneous Rocks
Volcanic (Quickly cooled molten rock near
the earth’s crust)
Plutonic (Slowly cooled rock really deep
under ground.)
The Common Elements of the
Earth’s Crust
Silicate minerals: ( make up 95% of the volume
of igneous rocks)
Feldspars
Quartz
Micas
Pyroxenes
Amphiboles
Olivine
What is the Difference Between a
Rock and a Mineral?
A mineral is homogenous ( pure, made of one
substance)
A rock is a Heterogeneous mix of minerals.
Rock Cycle Song
( Don't forget to sing this as a "Round"; after
all, it is the Rock "Cycle"! )
(Sing to the tune of "Row, Row, Row Your
Boat")
SEDIMENTARY rock
Has been formed in layers
Often found near water sources
With fossils from decayers
Then there's IGNEOUS rock
Here since Earth was born
Molten Lava, cooled and hardened
That's how it is formed
These two types of rocks
Can also be transformed
With pressure, heat and chemicals
METAMORPHIC they'll become.
Bibliography
http://www.rocksandminerals.com/rockcycle.htm
http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/K12/rkcycle/rkcyc
leindex.html
http://www.chariho.k12.ri.us/curriculum/MISmart/
ocean/rocksong.htm
Bibliography
http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/rockcycle
.htm
http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/7.ask
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/
10a.html