Rank Word
1 the
2 of
3 to
4 and
5 a, an
6 in
7 is
8 it
9 you
you (informal)
10 that
11 3rd-pn top
3rd-pn 2
3rd-pn 3
3rd-pn 0
12 was
13 for
14 on
15 are
16 with
17 as
18 I
19 his
20 they
21 be
22 at
23 one
24 have
25 this/here/now/mine
26 from
27 or
28 had
29 by
30 hot
31 but
32 some
33 what
34 there
35 we (excl)
we (incl)
36 can
37 out
38 other
39 were
40 all
41 your
42 when
43 up
44 use
45 word
46 how
47 said
48 an
49 each
50 she
51 which
52 do
53 their
54 time (occurrence/occasion)
55 if
56 will
57 way
58 about
59 many
60 then
61 them
62 would
63 write
64 like
65 so
66 these
67 her
68 long
69 make
70 thing
71 see
72 him
73 two
74 has
75 look
76 more
77 day
78 could
79 go
80 come
81 did
82 my
83 sound
84
85 most
86 number
87 who
88 over
89 know
90 water
91 than
92 call
93 first
94 people
95 may
96 down
97 side
98 been
99 now
100 find
101 any
102 new
103 work
104 part
105 take
106 get
107 place
108 made
109 live
110 where
111 after
112 back
113 little
114 only
115 round
116 man
117 year
118 came
119 show
120 every
121 good
122 me
123 give
124 our
125 under
126 name
127 very
128 through
129 just
130 form
131 much
132 great
133 think
134 say
135 help
136 low
137 line
138 before
139 turn
140 cause
141 same
142 mean
143 differ
144 move
145 right
146 boy
147 old
148 too
149 does
150 tell
151 sentence
152 set
153 three
154 want
155 air
156 well
157 also
158 play
159 small
160 end
161 put
162 home
163 read
164 hand
165 port
166 large
167 spell
168 add
169 even
170 land
171 here
172 must
173 big
174 high
175 such
176 follow
177 act
178 why
179 ask
180 men
181 change
182 went
183 light
184 kind
185 off
186 need
187 house
188 picture
189 try
190 us
191 again
192 animal
193 point
194 mother
195 world
196 near
197 build
198 self
199 earth
200 father
201 head
202 stand
203 own
204 page
205 should
206 country
207 found
208 answer
209 school
210 grow
211 study
212 still
213 learn
214 plant
215 cover
216 food
217 sun
218 four
219 thought
220 let
221 keep
222 eye
223 never
224 last (adj)
225 door
226 between
227 city
228 tree
229 cross
230 since
231 hard
232 start
233 might
234 story
235 saw
236 far
237 sea
238 draw
239 left
240 late
241 run
242 don't
243 while
244 press
245 close
246 night
247 real
248 life
249 few
250 stop
251 open
252 seem
253 together
254 next
255 white
256 children
257 begin
258 got
259 walk
260 example
261 ease
262 paper
263 often
264 always
265 music
266 those
267 both
268 mark
269 book
270 letter
271 until
272 mile
273 river
274 car
275 feet
276 care
277 second
278 group
279 carry
280 took
281 rain
282 eat
283 room
284 friend
285 began
286 idea
287 fish
288 mountain
289 north
290 once
291 base
292 hear
293 horse
294 cut
295 sure
296 watch
297 color
298 face
299 wood
300 main
301 enough
302 plain
303 girl
304 usual
305 young
306 ready
307 above
308 ever
309 red
310 list
311 though
312 feel
313 talk
314 bird
315 soon
316 body
317 dog
318 family
319 direct
320 pose
321 leave
322 song
323 measure
324 state
325 product
326 black
327 short
328 numeral
329 class
330 wind
331 question
332 happen
333 complete
334 ship
335 area
336 half
337 rock
338 order
339 fire
340 south
341 problem
342 piece
343 told
344 knew
345 pass
346 farm
347 top
348 whole
349 king
350 size
351 heard
352 best
353 hour
354 better
355 true .
356 during
357 hundred
358 am
359 remember
360 step
361 early
362 hold
363 west
364 ground
365 interest
366 reach
367 fast
368 five
369 sing
370 listen
371 six
372 table
373 travel
374 less
375 morning
376 ten
377 simple
378 several
379 vowel
380 toward
381 war
382 lay
383 against
384 pattern
385 slow
386 center
387 love
388 person
389 money
390 serve
391 appear
392 road
393 map
394 science
395 rule
396 govern
397 pull
398 cold
399 notice
400 voice
401 fall
402 power
403 town
404 fine
405 certain
406 fly
407 unit
408 lead
409 cry
410 dark
411 machine
412 note
413 wait
414 plan
415 figure
416 star
417 box
418 noun
419 field
420 rest
421 correct
422 able
423 pound
424 done
425 beauty
426 drive
427 stood
428 contain
429 front
430 teach
431 week
432 final
433 gave
434 green
435 oh
436 quick
437 develop
438 sleep
439 warm
440 free
441 minute
442 strong
443 special
444 mind
445 behind
446 clear
447 tail
448 produce
449 fact
450 street
451 inch
452 lot
453 nothing
454 course
455 stay
456 wheel
457 full
458 force
459 blue
460 object
461 decide
462 surface
463 deep
464 moon
465 island
466 foot
467 yet
468 busy
469 test
470 record
471 boat
472 common
473 gold
474 possible
475 plane
476 age
477 dry
478 wonder
479 laugh
480 thousand
481 ago
482 ran
483 check
484 game
485 shape
486 yes
487 hot
488 miss
489 brought
490 heat
491 snow
492 bed
493 bring
494 sit
495 perhaps
496 fill
497 east
498 weight
499 language
500 among
Word
simple past (preterite, imperfect)
past progressive
past perfect
simple present
present progressive
present perfect
simple future
future progressive
future perfect
conditional
perfect subjunctive
imperfect subjunctive
Root Meaning Note
a-, ab- apart, away from cf. e-
a-, an- not, without cf. in-, un-
-able capable of being
ac- toward
ac-, ak-, acu- sharp, needle
acri-, acro- height, summit, tip
ad- toward
adip- fat
aer-, aero- air, atmosphere
aesth- feeling, sensation
af- toward
ag- toward
-age belongs to
agen- to act
agr-, agri- field
-al like, suitable for
alb- white
-algia pain
allo- different, another cf. hetero-, var-
alt- high
am- toward
am-, amor- love, loving
ambi-, amphi- both, on both sides
an- toward
-ance state of being
anim- breath, life
ann-, enn- year
-ant thing or one who
ant-, anti- against, opposed to, preventive
ante- before, in front of, prior to, forward
anth-, antho- flower
anthro- man
anti- against
ap- toward
apo- away from
apocr- hidden cf. crypt-
aqua- water
-ar, -ary relating to, like
ar- toward
ar-, ars- burn, dry
arb- to judge, consider
archa-, arche- ancient
archo- leader, first, chief
arct- , arcto- bear (and by extension: cold)
arg- silver
arthr- , arthro- joint
as- toward
astr- , astro- star
at- toward
-ate to become associated with
athl- prize
aud-, audi- hearing, listening, sound
aug- grow, increase
aur- gold, gold-colored
auri- ear cf. ot-
aut- auto- self
axi- axis
bac- small berry
baena- walking
balan- acorn
baro- weight, pressure cf. gravi-
basi- at the bottom
bat-, batis skate, ray
bdella- sucker
bel, belli- war
ben-, bene-, bon- good, well
bi-, bis- two cf. deut-, di-, duo-
bibl-, biblio- book
bio- life
blast- germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus
bon- good cf. eu-
bor- north
bot- plant
botr- small bunch of grapes
bov- ox
brach- arm
brach- short
brad- slow
branch- gill
brev- short (time)
briz- to nod
brom- oats, broom, shadow
bronch- windpipe
buc- mouth, cavity
bulb- bulbous
bulla- bubble, flask
bullat- wrinkled
bun- hill
bursa- pouch, purse
cabr-, capr- goat
caco- bad cf. mal-
calc- stone
calli- beautiful
calor- heat
camp- field
cand- glowing, iridescent
cani- dog
cant-, canti- sing
cap-, capi-, capo- head
capt-, cept-, ceive- to take, hold, grasp
carci- cancer (disease)
relating to the heart
card-, cardi-, cardio-
carn-, carno- flesh
carp- relating to the wrist
carpo- relating to fruit
cata- down
cav- hollow
cede-, cess- to go, to yeild, to withdraw
cele- honor
cell- to rise, project
cent-, centi- hundred
cephalo- head
cera- horn
cert- to be sure, to trust
cerv- relating to the neck
chelo- relating to a turtle
chiro- of the hand or hands
chloro- green
chord- cord
choreo- relating to dance
chrom- color
chron- time
chryso- relating gold
cid-, cis- to cut, to kill
cili- eyelash
circum- around
cirr- tentacle
civ- citizen
clast- broken
clau- close, shut, block
clav- key
cleist- closed
cleithr- bar, key
clin- bed, recline
cochl- shell
coel- hollow
cogn- know
coll- neck
com-, con-, co- with, together, joined, against cf. syn-
condum- protective armor
cono- cone
contra- against cf. counter-
copro- dung
cora- raven
coron- crown
corp- body
cort- bark
cosm- world
cost- rib
cotyl- cup
counter- against cf. contra-
crac-, crat- to rule
crani- skull
crass- thick cf. pachy-
cred- to believe
crep- shoe
cribi- sieve
cric- ring
cris-, crit- separate, judge, discern
crisp- curled
crist- crest
crosso- fringe, tassel
cruc- cross-like
crurals- shank
cryo- cold cf. psychro-, frig-
crypt- hidden cf. apocr-
cten- comb
culp- fault
cun- wedge
curr-, curs-, corr- to run
cusp- lance, point
cuti- skin
cyan- blue
cyber- to direct, to guide
cycl- circular
cyn- dog
cyst- capsule
cyt- cell
dactyl- finger
de- down, away from
deci-, deka- ten
dei-, deus- god
dem- people
dendr- tree
dent/dont- teeth
derm- skin
deut- second cf. bi-, di-, duo-
dextro- right (hand)
di- two, half cf. bi-, deut-, duo-
di(a)hn- across
dia- through, across
dict- to speak, to say
dict- say, speak
digit- finger
dino- terrible, fearful, great
dis- not, apart cf. an-, in-, un-
divin- godly
dog/dox- opinion, teaching
dom- power cf. dyna-
dors- back
dub- doubt
dulc- sweet
duo-, du- two cf. bi-, deut-, di-
dur- hard
dyna- power cf. dom-
dys- difficult, bad
e- out, away from cf. a-
eco- house
ecto-, exo- outside
-ectomy to cut
eg-, ego- self, I
-ell, -elle (diminutive)
embol- thrown in
-emia blood
-ence state, fact, quality
endo-, ento- inside
engy- narrow
ensi- sword
-ent to form
eo- dawn, east
epi- upon, on top of
episteme- knowledge, science
equi- equal cf. iso-
equi- horse
ethm- sieve
ethn- nation
-et, -ette (diminutive)
eu- well, good, happy cf. bon-
eury- wide
ex-, exo- from
extra- over, above
fab- bean
fac-, fic-, fact- to make
falc- sickle-shaped
fallax- false
famil- family
fasc bundle
fatuus- foolish, useless
feder- league, pact
feli- cat
fen-, fend- to strike
fer- carry, bring
ficar- fig
fid- faith
fil- thread
fin- end
fistul- hollow, tube
flacc- flabby
flav- yellow
flex- bend
flu- to flow
foen- hay
foetid- foul smelling
foli- leaf cf. lam-
fore- before
form- shape, structure, form
fornix- vault
fort- strength, luck
fovea- dimple, depression
frater- brother
frig- cold cf. cryo-, psycrho-
fuge- to flee
fulg- brightness
fum- smoke
fund- to pour
furc-, furcul- fork
fus- to pour, to melt
gam- marriage
gen- begin, start
gen- race, family, kind
geo- earth
gig- giant
gloss-, glot- tongue
gno-, gni- know
grad-, gress- walk, step, go
gram-, graph- write, draw, record
grandi- large, big
grat- thank, please thank, please
grav- heavy cf. baro-
gymn- naked cf. nud-
gyn- woman, wife
hab- to dwell
hal- salt cf. sal-
hemi- half cf. semi-
hep- liver
hepta- seven cf. septa-
hetero- different cf. allo-, var-
hex- six
hibem- winter cf. hyernal
hier- sacred
hippo- horse
hirsut- hairy
hispid- bristly
histri- uterus (and by extension emotion)
holo- complete, whole cf. toti-
homal- flat
homo- human, man
homo- same
hormon- excite
hortens- garden
hosp- guest, host
host- enemy, stranger
humidi- wet
humus- ground, earth, soil
hyal- glass
hydr- water, wetness
hyemal- winter cf. hibern
hyg- health
hyo- U-shaped
hyper- above, over cf. super-
hypo- beneath, under cf. sub
hypno- sleep
-ial function of
-ible capable of being
-ic like, having the nature of
ichthy- fish cf. pisc-
idem-, iden- to be the same
ideo- idea, thought
idio- personal
-ify make, do
im-, in-, il-, ir- not, without cf. an-, un-
im-, in- in, on
-ine having the nature of (feminine)
init- to begin, to enter upon
infra- under, below
inter- between, among
intra-, intro- within
-ion, -tion being, the result of
-ism act, condition
iso- equal, the same cf. equi-
-ist one who
itin- route, way
-ive of, belonging to, quality of
-ize, -ise to become like
jac-, ject- throw, expel
jus-, jur-, judic- law, justice
juven- young, youth
kil-, kilo- thousand cf. mil-
kin- movement, motion
lab- lips
labor- work
lacr- cry, tears
lact- milk
lam- leaf cf. foli-
lat- wide, side
laud- praise
leg-, lex- law, rule cf. nom-
leon- lion (and by extension: bravery)
lev- lift, hover
levi- left cf. sinestra-
liber- free
libr- book
lin- line
ling-, lang- tongue, language
lith- stone
loc- place
locu-, loqu- word, to speak
log- word, thought, idea
luc-, lum-, lux- light
lun- the moon cf. men-
lut- yellow
-ly like, to the extent of
macr- large, great cf. magn-, mega-
mag-, magn- large, great cf. macr-, mega-
mal- bad, wretched cf. caco-
mam- breast
man- hand
mania- crazy, insane
mar-, mer- sea
mater-, matr- mother
max- larger
med- middle cf. meso-
medic- to heal
mega-, maj- large, great cf. macr-, magn-
melan- color, pigment
melli- honey
memor- mindful
men-, min-, mon- remind, advise, warn
men-, ment- mind
menin- membrane
-ment a means, product, act, state
meo- moon cf. lun-
mer- part
meso- middle cf. med-, mid-
meta- above, beyond
meter-, metr- measure
metro- city
mica- grain
micro- small cf. parvi-
migr- to travel, to move
mil- thousand cf. kil-
mim- copy, imitate
min-, mini- smaller
mir- sight, wonder, amazement
mis- bad, poor, less, wrong
miso- hate, hatred
miss-, mit- to send
mito- thread
mixi- mingle, mix
mnem- memory,
moll- soft
mon-, mono- one
monil- string of beads
mor- fool, manner, custom
morph- form, shape
mort- death
mot-, mob-, mov- to move, motion
multi- many, much cf. poly-
mur- wall
mus- mouse (and by extension: thief) cf. myo0
musc- fly
mut- change, exchange
myo- mouse (and by extension: muscle) cf. mus-
myri- countless
myx- mucus
myz- sucker
na-, narls- nose
nano- dwarf, small
nat- birth
naut- ocean, to sail
nece- need
necro- dead, death
necto- banana
nema- hair
nemoral- forest, woods
neo- new cf. nov-
nephr- kidney
neth- under, below
neur-, nerv- nerve, brain, mind
nictitat- wink
nigr- black
nil-, nhil- nothing, void
noct-, nox- night
name
nom-, nomen-, -nym
nom- arrangement, law cf. lex-
non-, ne- not
nona- nine
noth- spurious
notho-, noto- south (and by extension: back)
nov- nine
nov-, nova- new cf. neo-
nu-, nuc- nut
nuch- back of the neck
nud- naked cf. gymn-
nul-, nulli- none
numer- number
nutans- to nod
o-, ob-, oc-, of-, op-against, toward
obes- fat
obtect- concealed, hidden
obtur- closed
obtus- blunt
occiden- west
occip- back of head
oct- eight
-ode- way, path
odont- tooth
odor- smell, fragrance
oec-, oeci- house of
oed- swelling
oen- wine
oesoph- throat, gullet
-oid- like, similar to
oleo- oil
olfact- smell
oligo- few
oliva- olive
ology- study
oma- cancer
omni- all
omo- shoulder
omphalo- navel
onto- existence
oo- egg cf. ovo-
op-, opt- eye cf. ophthal-
operc- small covering
ophi- snake
ophthal- eye cf. opt-
opistho- behind
opoter- either
or-, ora- mouth cf. osc-
orbi- circle
ord- order
-or, -er person or thing that, one that sells
oriental- East
ornith- bird
ortho- straight
-ory place for
osc-, osti- mouth
oss-, ost- bone
ostrac- shell
ot- ear cf. aur-
-ous characterized by
ovi- sheep
ovo- egg cf. oo-
oxys-, oxus- sharp, pointed
pac-, pax- peace
pachy- thick cf. crass-
palae-, palaeo old
palli- mantle
pallid- pale
palustri- marsh
pan-, panto- all
pan-, pani- bread
par- arrange, get ready
para- near
parie- wall
pars-, part- portion, part
parv- little, small cf. micro-
patell- (small) dish
patens- spread
pater-, patr- father
pect-, pector- chest
pectin- comb
ped- boy, child
ped-, pes- foot
pel- to drive
pen- tail
pend-, pond-, pens-to hang, to weigh
pene- almost
penia- deficient
pent- five
per- through, beyond
peregrin- foreign, strange
peri- around
persic- peach
petr- rock
phaeo- dark
phag- to eat
phalang- (closs formation of troops)
phalar- shining
phanero- visible
phe- to speak about
pher-, phor- to carry
phil- love, friendship
phloe- tree bark
phob- fear
phon- sound
phos-, photo- light
phragm- fence
phren- mind
phryno- toad
phyl- tribe
phyll- leaf
physa- bladder
physio- nature
phyt- plant
pil- hair
pinea- pine cone
pinnat- feather cf. plum-
pino- to drink
pisc- fish cf. ichthy-
pisum- pea
plac- plate, tablet
plagio- oblique
plan- flat cf. platy-
platy- flat, broad cf. plan-
pleco-, plect- twist, pluck
pler- to fill
plesio- near
pleth- full
pleur- side
plex- to interweave
plica- to fold
plum- feather cf. pinnat-
plur-, plus- more
pneumo- air, lung
pod- foot
pogo- beard
-poiesis to make
pol- to sell
polio- grey
polit-, polis- city, state, citizen
poll-, pollex- thumb
poly- many cf. multi
pon-, pos-, posit- to put, to place
pon-, poss- to place
pons- bridge
porc- pig
porphyr- purple
port- to carry
porta- gate
post- after, behind
pot- power
potam- river
potero- drinking cup
prae-, praeco- early
pratens- meadow
pre- before, in front of cf. pro-
prim-, prin-, prom- first cf. prot-
priv- separate
pro- before, in front of cf. pre-
prob- prove, test
proct- anus
procumbens- lying flat cf. prostrat-
profund- deep
proliger- to bear offspring
pronto- first
proso- front
prostrat- lying flat cf. procumbens-
prot- first cf. prim-
prunus- plum
psamma- sand
pseud- false
psych- mind, spirit
psychro- cold cf. cryo-, frig-
pter- wing, fern
pubescens- downy
pubi- sexual maturity
publi- people
pulmo- lung
pungens- strong odor, smell
pusill- very small
pygo- rump
pyl- gate
pyo- pus
pyr- heat, fire
pyrus- pear
quadr-, quart- four
ques- to ask, to search for
quin(t/que)- five
rach, rhach- spine
radi- root cf. rhiz-
ram- branch
ran- frog
rapa- turnip
raph- seam cf. sutur-
re- again
rect-, reg-, rig- straight, right, government, rule
ren- kidney
rept-, repens- crawl
resp- to answer
ret- net
retro- behind, backward
rhabd- rod
rhage- tear, rent
rhin-, rhynch- nose, snout
rhiz- root cf. radi-
rhodo- red cf. rub-, ruf-
ripar- river
robor- oak (and by extension: strength)
rode- gnaw
rogos- wrinkle
ros- pink
rostr- beak, face (and by extension: prow)
rota- turn, wheel
-rrh- flow
rub-, rubr-, ruber- red cf. rhodo-, ruf-
ruf- red cf. rhodo-, rub-
rumen- throat
rupt- break
sacchar- sugar
saccul- little sac
sacr- holy, sacred cf. sanct-
sagitta- arrow
sal- salt cf. hal-
sanct- holy, sacred cf. sacr-
sang- blood
sapien- to think, to know
sapon- soap
sarc- flesh
sativus- cultivated
saur- lizard, reptile
saxum- rock
scala- ladder
scalene- uneven
scaph- something hollow
schizo- split
scio- to know
scler- hard
scop-, scept- to look at, examine, observe cf. specto-
scrib-, scrip- to write
scut- shield
scyph- cup
se-, sed- apart, aside, away
seba- tallow, wax
sect- to cut
sed-, sid-, sess- to settle
segetum- corn field
selen- moon
sella- saddle, seat
seme- seed
semi- half cf. hemi
sent-, sens- to feel
sept- wall
septa- seven cf. hepta-
sequ-, secut- to follow
ser-, sero- body fluid
serot- late
serra-, serrat- saw
sesqui- one and a half
set- hair
sex- six
sec-, sic- dry cf. xero-
simi- monkey, ape
simil-, sembl- same
sinestra- left cf. levi-
sinus- bay (and by extension: hollow)
sipho- tube
sol- sun
sol- alone
soleno- pipe, channel cf. syring-
solus-, solat- to comfort
soma- body
somn- sleep
son- sound
soph- wisdom
sover-, sobr- above, over
spas- hope
spec-, specto- to watch, to look at cf. scop-
specios- showy
sperm- seed
sphen- wedge
sphinct- close
spin- spine
spond-, spons- to pledge, promise
spondyl- vertebra
squam- scale (as in fish or lizard scales)
squarros- to spread out
staerlt- fat fat
stas-, stat- to stand, to be still
steg- covering
stell- star
steno- narrow
stereo- solid
steril- sterile
stern- breadbone
stom- mouth
strat- layer
strept- twist
strictus-, strigos- upright, stiff
stroph- turning
struct- form, structure
stup- wonder
styl- column
sub-, subt- under, below cf. hypo-
sucr- sugar
sulc- furrow
super-, supra- beyond, above, over cf. hyper-
supin- lying back
sutur- seam cf. raph-
sym-, syn-, sys- with cf. com-
syring- pipe, channel cf. soleno-
tab-, taph- table
tac-, tic- silence
tachy- fast
tact- touch
taenia- ribbon
talus- heel
tapetum- carpet
tard- late
tarsus- ankle
techn- art, skill
tect-, tegmen- covering
tel-, teleo- far, end, complete
temno- to cut
temp- time
ten-, tain-, tent- to hold
tend-, tens- to give heed
tent- to spread
tenu- slender
ter-, terti- three
teres- round
term- boundary, limit, end
test- to witness, to affirm
tetr- four
text to weave
thalam- chamber, bed
thalass- sea
thana- death
the-, them-, thet- to place, to put
theatr- to see, to view
theca- case
thei-, theo- god
therm- heat
thero- breast, mammal
thyreo- a large shield
tinctori- dye, color, tint
tom- to cut
topo- locale, place
torpe- numbness
tort- twist
tot- total cf. holo-
tox- poison
trab- beam
trachy- rough
tract- to pull, to draw
trago- goat
trans- across, through
trapez- four-sided table
trema- hole
tremul- to tremble
tri- three
trib- to allot, to give
trich- hair
troch- wheel
trop- to turn
troph- to feed on, to eat
tussi- to cough
twe-, twi- two
-ty condition of, quality of
u- not, without
-ul, -ule (diminutive)
uligin- marsh
ulo- wool
ultra- above, over, beyond
umbil- navel
umbra- dark, shadow
un- not
un-, uni- one
unc- hook
ungui- nail, claw, hoof
uro- tail
urs- bear
util- to use, to be useful
uv-, uvul- grape
uxor- wife
vacu- empty
var- different cf. hetero-, allo-
velum- veil, hide
ven- air, wind
ven- to come
ventr- belly
verd- green cf. virens-
ver-, veris- truth
verm- worm
vern- spring (the season)
vers-, vert- to turn
versi- various
vesic- blister
vesper- evening, west
vest- to adorn
vestig- to track
via- way, road
vid-, vis- to see
vill- hair
vir- man
virens- green cf. verd-
visc- body cavity, bowels
vit-, vita-, viva- life
vitell- yolk
vitr- glass
voc- sound, call, voice
volu- wish
vora- to eat, to devour
vulg- common
vulp- fox
xeno- strange, foreign
xero- dry cf. sec-
-y (creates abstract noun)
-y quality, somewhat like
zo-, zoa- animal, living being, life
zyg- yoke, joined, paired
zym- to ferment