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arabic alphabet

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arabic alphabet
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easy to learn arabic

Shared by: saleem basha
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Arabic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 4









Arabic letters usage in Literary Arabic









http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet 12/28/2011

Arabic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 4







Contextual forms

Name Translit. Value (IPA) Isolated

End Middle Beginning

various,

’alif ’/ā including /aə/ [a] ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬

/b/

bā’ b

(sometimes /p/ in loanwords)[b]

‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ﺏـ‬ ‫ب‬



tā’ t /t/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ﺕـ‬ ‫ت‬

thā’ th (also ṯ) /θ/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ﺙـ‬ ‫ث‬

j (also LJ,

jīm

g)

[d͡Ȣ] ~ [Ȣ] ~ [DZ] [c] ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺝـ‬ ‫ج‬

ḥā’ ḥ /ħ/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺡـ‬ ‫ح‬

kh (also

khā’

ḫ)

/x/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺥـ‬ ‫خ‬



dāl d /d/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬

dh (also

dhāl

ḏ)

/ð/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬



rā’ r /r/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬

zayn /

zāy

z /z/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬



sīn s /s/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺱـ‬ ‫س‬

shīn sh (also š) /ȓ/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺵـ‬ ‫ش‬

ṣād ṣ /sɭ/ ‫ـ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺹـ‬ ‫ص‬

ḍād ḍ /dɭ/ ‫ـ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺽـ‬ ‫ض‬

ṭā’ ṭ /tɭ/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ط‬







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet 12/28/2011

Arabic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 3 of 4









ẓā’ ẓ [ðɭ] ~ [zɭ] ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ظ‬

‘ayn ‘ /ȥ/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ع‬

gh (also /dz/

ghayn

ā) (sometimes /DZ/ in loanwords)[c]

‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫غ‬

/f/

fā’ f

(sometimes /v/ in loanwords)[b]

‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫[ ف‬d]

/q/

qāf q

(sometimes /DZ/ in loanwords) [c] ‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫[ ق‬d]

/k/

kāf k

(sometimes /DZ/ in loanwords)[c]

‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫آـ‬ ‫ك‬



lām l /l/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ﻝـ‬ ‫ل‬

mīm m /m/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ﻡـ‬ ‫م‬

nūn n /n/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ﻥـ‬ ‫ن‬

hā’ h /h/ ‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫هـ‬

/w/, /uə/, /aw/,

wāw w / ū / aw sometimes /u/, /o/, and /oə/ in ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬

loanwords

/j/, /iə/, /aj/,

yā’ y / ī / ay sometimes /i/, /e/, and /eə/ in ‫ـ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫یـ‬ ‫[ ي‬e]

loanwords



■ ^a ’Alif can represent many phonemes in Literary Arabic:





1. Without diacritics: ‫ا‬

■ initially: a, i /a, i/ or sometimes silent in the definite article ‫( ال‬a)l-

■ medially or finally: ā /aə/.





2. ’Alif with hamzah above: ‫أ‬

■ initially: ’a, ’u /Ȥa, Ȥu/

■ medially or finally: ’a /Ȥa/.









http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet 12/28/2011

Arabic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 4 of 4









3. ’Alif with hamzah under: ‫إ‬

■ initially: ’i /Ȥi/; doesn't appear medially or finally (see hamza).





4. ’Alif with maddah:

■ initially, medially or finally: ’ā /Ȥaə/.









http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet 12/28/2011


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